Survival of patients receiving zidovudine before or after ... · Lübeck/Bad Bramstedt E.G. Hahn,...
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Volume 72 - 1994 ©linical Investigator Continuation of Klinische Wochenschrift Editor in Chief N. Zöllner, Munich Editorial Board G. Adler, Ulm M.E. Bertrand, Lille T. Brandt, Munich Ε. Erdmann, Munich W. Gerok, Freiburg G. Giebisch, New Haven F. -D. Goebel, Munich D. Häussinger, Freiburg H. Kaess, Munich J.R. Kalden, Erlangen G. J. Krejs, Graz W. Kubier, Heidelberg H. Löffler, Kiel J. Lubsen, Rotterdam P.M. Mannucci, Milan P.A. Miescher, Geneva G. Paumgartner, Munich H. D. Pohle, Berlin D.L. Scott, London P.C. Scriba, Munich D. Seidel, Munich G. Seifert, Hamburg "ΤΓΫ de, K.-H. Usadel, Frankfurt a.M. G. Vantrappen, Louvain P. von Wiehert, Marburg K.G. Wormsley, Dundee Advisory Board R. Arnold, Marburg W.G. Daniel, Hannover A. Distler, Berlin H.L. Fehm, Lübeck R. Ferlinz, Mainz 0. Götze, Göttingen F.A. Gries, Düsseldorf W.L. Gross, Lübeck/Bad Bramstedt E.G. Hahn, Erlangen H.-L. Hahn, Wiesbaden D. Hoelzer, Frankfurt a.M. C. Keller, Munich H.J. Kramer, Bonn M.J. Mihatsch, Basle B. S. Mitchell, Chapel Hill Ο.-Α. Müller, Munich J.G. Puig, Madrid E.O. Riecken, Berlin E. Ritz, Heidelberg R. Ritz, Basle S. Sacks, London H. Schuster, Munich H.-P. Schuster, Hildesheim W. Seeger, Glessen H.-G. Sieberth, Aachen F. - A . S p e n g e l , Munich G. Steinbeck, Munich J.A. Tischfield, Indianapolis G. Utermann, Innsbruck H. Vetter, Bonn C. Wagener, Hamburg M. Wienbeck, Augsburg G. Wolfram, Munich R. Ziegler, Heidelberg
Transcript of Survival of patients receiving zidovudine before or after ... · Lübeck/Bad Bramstedt E.G. Hahn,...
Volume 72 - 1994 ©linical Investigator Continuation of Klinische Wochenschrift
Editor in Chief N. Z ö l l n e r , M u n i c h
Editorial Board
G. A d l e r , U l m M .E . B e r t r a n d , L i l l e T. B r a n d t , M u n i c h Ε. E r d m a n n , M u n i c h W. G e r o k , F r e i b u r g
G. G i e b i s c h , N e w H a v e n
F. - D . G o e b e l , M u n i c h D. H ä u s s i n g e r , F r e i b u r g
H. K a e s s , M u n i c h J .R . K a l d e n , E r l a n g e n
G . J . K r e j s , G r a z W. K u b i e r , H e i d e l b e r g
H. L ö f f l e r , K i e l
J . L u b s e n , R o t t e r d a m P . M . M a n n u c c i , M i l a n P.A. M i e s c h e r , G e n e v a
G . P a u m g a r t n e r , M u n i c h
H. D. P o h l e , B e r l i n D.L. S c o t t , L o n d o n
P.C. S c r i b a , M u n i c h D. S e i d e l , M u n i c h
G . S e i f e r t , H a m b u r g
"ΤΓΫ d e ,
K . -H . U s a d e l , F r a n k f u r t a . M .
G. V a n t r a p p e n , L o u v a i n
P. v o n W i e h e r t , M a r b u r g
K .G . W o r m s l e y , D u n d e e
Advisory Board R. A r n o l d , M a r b u r g W.G. D a n i e l , H a n n o v e r A . D i s t l e r , B e r l i n H.L. F e h m , L ü b e c k R. F e r l i n z , M a i n z 0 . G ö t z e , G ö t t i n g e n F.A. G r i e s , D ü s s e l d o r f W.L. G r o s s ,
L ü b e c k / B a d B r a m s t e d t E.G. H a h n , E r l a n g e n H.-L. H a h n , W i e s b a d e n D. H o e l z e r , F r a n k f u r t a . M . C. K e l l e r , M u n i c h H.J . K r a m e r , B o n n
M . J . M i h a t s c h , B a s l e
B . S . M i t c h e l l , C h a p e l H i l l Ο . - Α . M ü l l e r , M u n i c h J . G . P u i g , M a d r i d
E .O. R i e c k e n , B e r l i n E. R i t z , H e i d e l b e r g R. R i t z , B a s l e
S. S a c k s , L o n d o n H. S c h u s t e r , M u n i c h H. -P. S c h u s t e r , H i l d e s h e i m W. S e e g e r , G l e s s e n H . -G . S i e b e r t h , A a c h e n
F. - A . S p e n g e l , M u n i c h G . S t e i n b e c k , M u n i c h J . A . T i s c h f i e l d , I n d i a n a p o l i s
G . U t e r m a n n , I n n s b r u c k
H. V e t t e r , B o n n
C. W a g e n e r , H a m b u r g M . W i e n b e c k , A u g s b u r g
G . W o l f r a m , M u n i c h
R. Z i e g l e r , H e i d e l b e r g
Contents of Volume 72 N o 1 : p p 1 - 84 p u b l i s h e d D e c e m b e r 6, 1993 N o 2 : p p 8 5 - 166 p u b l i s h e d J a n u a r y 3 1 , 1994 N o 3 : p p 1 6 7 - 2 5 0 p u b l i s h e d F e b r u a r y 2 8 , 1994 N o 4 : p p 2 5 1 - 3 3 0 p u b l i s h e d M a r c h 3 1 , 1994 N o 5 : p p 3 3 1 - 4 1 4 p u b l i s h e d M a y 6, 1994 N o 6 : p p 4 1 5 - 4 8 0 p u b l i s h e d J u n e 23 , 1 9 9 4 N o 7 : p p 4 8 1 - 5 5 4 p u b l i s h e d J u l y 26 , 1994 N o 8 : p p 5 5 5 - 638 p u b l i s h e d A u g u s t 30 , 1994 N o 9 : p p 6 3 9 - 730 p u b l i s h e d S e p t e m b e r 19, 1994 N o 1 0 : p p 7 3 1 - 8 1 4 p u b l i s h e d O c t o b e r 19, 1994 N o 1 1 : p p 8 1 5 - 936 p u b l i s h e d N o v e m b e r 2, 1994 N o 1 2 : p p 9 3 7 - 1 0 9 8 p u b l i s h e d D e c e m b e r 16, 1994
S u p p l e m e n t t o V o l u m e 7 2 / l s s u e 6 : E r y t h r o p o i e t i n a n d A u t o l o g o u s T r a n s f u s i o n , D r e s d e n , S e p t e m b e r 1 4 - 1 8 , 1993
A b e Κ - » M i z u n a s h i Κ A b o u d a n F E v e r s J A c k e r m a n n Μ -»· K r ä m e r B K A d a m e k R J , W e g e n e r M , W i e n b e c k Μ , K ö h
l e r Η, H o f f m a n n Κ, A l t m e y e r Ρ : L o n g -t e r m m a n o m e t r y of t u b u l a r e s o p h a g u s in p r o g r e s s i v e s y s t e m i c s c l e r o s i s 343
A d a m s Ο -> J a b l o n o w s k i Η A d l k o f e r F E i n h a u s Μ A d o r f D, G r a j e r K H , K a b o t h W, N e r i C :
A g r a n u l o c y t o s i s i n d u c e d by a n t i t h y r o i d t h e r a p y : e f f e c t s of t r e a t m e n t w i t h g r a n u l o c y t e c o l o n y s t i m u l a t i n g f a c t o r 390
A g n a t i L F -> F u x e Κ A g u i l a r M -> G o m e z J M A h m a d Μ -> S y e d T A A h m a d S A -+ S y e d T A A l b e r t i Β -> A n t o n e l l i A A l b r e c h t Η -> S t e l l b r i n k H J A l b r e c h t Η, S t e l l b r i n k H J , G r o s s G , B e r g B,
H e l m c h e n U, M e n s i n g H : T r e a t m e n t of a t y p i c a l l e i s h m a n i a s i s w i t h i n t e r f e r o n γ r e s u l t i n g in p r o g r e s s i o n of K a p o s i ' s s a r c o m a in a n A I D S p a t i e n t 1041
A l e x a n d e r Κ --> R a n k e C A l l e r b e r g e r F -> V o g e t s e d e r W A l t m e y e r Ρ -> A d a m e k R J A n d b j e r Β -+ F u x e Κ A n d r e s e n D -»· B e h r e n s S A n g e r m a n n C E -+ S t e m p f l e H U A n t o n e l l i A , C a m p a t e l l i A , Di V i t o A , A l b e r -
t i B, B a l d i V, S a l v i o n i G , F a l l a h i P, B a -s c h i e r i L : C o m p a r i s o n b e t w e e n e t h a n o l s c l e r o t h e r a p y a n d e m p t y i n g w i t h i n j e c t i o n of s a l i n e in t r e a t m e n t o f t h y r o i d c y s t s 971
A n z a i Κ -> N a g a f u c h i S A r n o l d J C , H e i l i g Β, K a l l i n o w s k i Β, O t t o G ,
K o m m e r e l l Β, T h e i l m a n n L : S o l u b l e t u m o r n e c r o s i s f a c t o r r e c e p t o r s in p a t i e n t s w i t h r e c u r r e n t h e p a t i t i s C v i r u s i n f e c t i o n a f t e r l i v e r t r a n s p l a n t a t i o n 470
A t z p o d i e n J -»• B u e r J A u b e r g e r Κ -> W i n t e r g e r s t U A u f e n a n g e r J E n s e n a u e r R A v e n a r i u s H-J - • R a n k e C
B a a r t d e la F a i l l e Η L u p u s t h e r a p y 749 B a c h e r Β - • W a n g Χ
B ä c k e r A - * B o k e m e y e r D B ä c k e r A -> K r a m e r H J B a j o A -> L a s o FJ B a k k e r C J G : M a g n e t i c r e s o n a n c e a n g i o g
r a p h y 85 B a l d a u f J - » J u r n a I B a l d i V A n t o n e l l i A B a l d u s M , M ö l l e r M , W a l t e r H, B r a s s H,
Q u e i ß e r W : A c a s e of p u r e r e d c e l l a p l a s i a : f o l l o w - u p o n d i f f e r e n t i m m u n o s u p p r e s s i v e r e g i m e n s 1051
B a l f o u r D J K - * B e n w e l l M E M B a n y a i Μ -» C a p e k Μ B a r a s h V -+ C h a j e k - S h a u l Τ B a r t e n s W, W a n n e r C : L i p o p r o t e i n ( a ) : n e w
i n s i g h t s i n t o a n a t h e r o g e n i c l i p o p r o t e i n 558
B a r t m a n n Ρ -»· J a b l o n o w s k i Η B a s c h i e r i L -»· A n t o n e l l i A B a s e W -> S e x l V B a u e r J , H o h a g e n F, E b e r t T , T i m m e r J ,
G a n t e r U, K r i e g e r S , L i s S, P o s t l e r E, V o d e r h o l z e r U, B e r g e r M : l n t e r l e u k i n - 6 s e r u m l e v e l s i n h e a l t h y p e r s o n s c o r r e s p o n d t o t h e s ! e e p - w a k e c y c l e 315
B a u e r Τ ->· H a g e n d o r f f A B a u m g a r t n e r G - * P e c h e r s t o r f e r Μ B a y r a k t a r M , U s m a n A , K o r a y Z : E f f ec t of
t h e n e w s o m a t o s t a t i n a n a l o g u e S M S 2 0 1 - 9 9 5 o n e x o g e n o u s l y u s e d i n s u l i n 669
B e c h e r Η S c h m i t z U B e g e r Η L i m m e r J B e h r e n s S, A n d r e s e n D, B r ü g g e m a n n T,
S c h r ö d e r R: V e n t r i c u l a r f i b r i l l a t i o n r e l a t e d t o c o r o n a r y s p a s m in p a t i e n t s w i t h o u t s i g n i f i c a n t c o r o n a r y o r o t h e r s t r u c t u r a l h e a r t d i s e a s e 307
B e h r R F ü s s l e R B e h r T , F i s c h e r P, M ü l l e r - F e l b e r W,
S c h m i d t - A c h e r t M , P o n g r a t z D : M y o f i -b r i l l o g e n e s i s in p r i m a r y t i s s u e c u l t u r e s of a d u l t h u m a n s k e l e t a l m u s c l e : e x p r e s s i o n o f d e s m i n , t i t i n , a n d n e b u l i n 150
B e l o h r a d s k y B H -> W i n t e r g e r s t U B e n k e r G -> J a s p e r s C B e n w e l l M E M , B a l f o u r D J K , K h a d r a L F :
S t u d i e s o n t h e i n f l u e n c e of n i c o t i n e i n f u s i o n s o n m e s o l i m b i c d o p a m i n e a n d l o c o m o t o r r e s p o n s e s t o n i c o t i n e 233
B e r g Β - * A l b r e c h t Η B e r g e r Μ - * B a u e r J B e r g m a n n L K a m p s B S B e r g P A K l e i n R B e r g s C -> S c h n e i d e r Τ B e r n e c k e r Ρ -> E r l a c h e r L B e s e n t h a l I -> K n i s e i W B e y e n b u r g S -» S c h r ö d e r R B e y e r J -> K u b i e r A B i n g l e y PJ -> W a g n e r R B i s c o p i n g J -> F ü s s l e R B i t t l Μ -+ B r i e g e l J B l a u s t e i n M P : E n d o g e n o u s o u a b a i n : p h y
s i o l o g i c a l a c t i v i t y a n d p a t h o p h y s i o l o g i c a l i m p l i c a t i o n s 706
B l e i c h Μ -» G r e g e r R B l u m H E O f f e n s p e r g e r W - B B o b r o w Μ F l i n t e r F B o d e - B ö g e r S -> R a n k e C B o d m a n n KF, T r ö s t e r S, C l e m e n s R, S c h u
s t e r H P : H e m o d y n a m i c p r o f i l e of i n t r a v e n o u s f e n o l d o p a m in p a t i e n t s w i t h h y p e r t e n s i v e c r i s i s 60
B o e h m e M W J , W e r l e E, K o m m e r e l l B, R a e t h U : S e r u m l e v e l s of a d h e s i o n m o l e c u l e s a n d t h r o m b o m o d u l i n a s i n d i c a t o r s of v a s c u l a r i n j u r y in s e v e r e P l a s m o d i u m f a l c i p a r u m m a l a r i a 598
B o g n e r C -> G a w a z Μ B o g n e r J R ->· L i e g l U B o g n e r J R -> R o l i n s k i Β B ö h m e r Β M a l e s s a R B o k e m e y e r D -> K r a m e r H J B o k e m e y e r D, F r i e d r i c h s U, B ä c k e r A ,
K r a m e r H J , M e y e r - L e h n e r t H : C y c l o s p o -r i n e A e n h a n c e s t o t a l c e l l c a l c i u m i n d e p e n d e n t of N a - K - A T P a s e in v a s c u l a r s m o o t h m u s c l e c e l l s 992
B ö k e r K H W -> M ü l l e r M J B o l d t I -»· B r e n n e m a n n W B o n i f a c i o Ε -> W a g n e r R B o n m a n n Ε -> W i t z k e Ο B o r b e r g Η -> W a i d n e r Τ B o r e n s z t e i n Ρ P i n e t F B o r r ä s R - * L a s o FJ B o t t a z z o G F -+ W a g n e r R B o y e Ε -> F l i n t e r F B r a n d l B C -> S t e m p f l e H U B r a s s Η B a l d u s Μ B r a u n G G T s c h a i k o w s k y Κ B r e c h W -> M u r e r Η B r e n n e m a n n W, B r e n s i n g Κ Α , L e i p n e r Ν,
B o l d t I, K l i n g m ü l l e r D : A t t e m p t e d p r o t e c t i o n of s p e r m a t o g e n e s i s f r o m i r r a d i a t i o n in p a t i e n t s w i t h s e m i n o m a b y D-T r y p t o p h a n - 6 l u t e i n i z i n g h o r m o n e r e l e a s i n g h o r m o n e 838
B r e n s i n g K A -> B r e n n e m a n n W B r e y e r S -> W e n i s c h C B r e z i n s c h e k HP -»· W a s c h e r T C B r e z i n s c h e k R -»· W ä s c h e r T C B r i e g e l J , K e l l e r m a n n W, F o r s t Η, H a l l e r
Μ , B i t t l Μ , H o f f m a n n G E , B ü c h l e r Μ , U h l W, P e t e r Κ, P h o s p h o l i p a s e A 2 S t u d y G r o u p : L o w - d o s e h y d r o c o r t i s o n e i n f u s i o n a t t e n u a t e s t h e s y s t e m i c i n f l a m m a t o r y r e s p o n s e s y n d r o m e 782
B r o c k m e y e r N H -> M a l e s s a R B r o c k m ö l l e r J D r a k o u l i s N B r o d t H-R -> K a m p s B S B r o w n D -> S a b o l i c I
IV
B r ü c k m a n n C -> W i n t e r g e r s t U B r ü g g e m a n n Τ -> B e h r e n s S B r u n k h o r s t R, W r e n g e r E, K o c h K M : L o w -
d o s e p r e d n i s o l o n e / c h l o r a m b u c i l t h e r a py in p a t i e n t s w i t h s e v e r e m e m b r a n o u s g l o m e r u l o n e p h r i t i s 277
B ü c h l e r Μ -» B r i e g e l J B u e r J , K i r c h n e r Η, S c h o m b u r g Α , S c h ü
l e r A , M a n n s Μ , L o p e z - H ä n n i n e n Ε, D u e n s i n g S, P o l i w o d a H , A t z p o d i e n J : C y t o k i n e - b a s e d b i o t h e r a p y of g a s t r o i n t e s t i n a l t u m o r s 526
B u t r u k Ε -> H a b i o r A B u t z Κ H o p p e - S e y l e r F B y e S, M a l l m a n n R, D u l e y J , S i m -
m o n d s H A , C h e n J , T i s c h f i e l d J A , S a -h o t a A : I d e n t i f i c a t i o n of a 7 - b a s e p a i r d e l e t i o n in t h e a d e n i n e p h o s p h o r i b o s y l -t r a n s f e r a s e g e n e a s a c a u s e of 2 , 8 - d i h y -d r o x y a d e n i n e u r o l i t h i a s i s 550
C a i n e Y - • C h a j e k - S h a u l Τ C a l z e t t i C - • P e d r e t t i G C a m p a t e l l i A -> A n t o n e l l i A C a n e s s a C -> H o r i s b e r g e r J - D C a p e k M , S c h n a c k C, L u d v i k B, K a u t z k y -
W i l l e r A , B a n y a i M , P r a g e r R: E f f e c t s o f Captopril t reatment v e r s u s p l a c e b o o n r e n a l f u n c t i o n in t y p e 2 d i a b e t i c p a t i e n t s w i t h m i c r o a l b u m i n u r i a : a l o n g - t e r m s t u d y 961
C a s c o r b i I -> D r a k o u l i s Ν C a s p a r y W F -> W e h r m a n n Τ C a s t r o d e S -> L a s o FJ C h a j e k - S h a u l T, S c h e r e r G , B a r a s h V, S h i -
l o n i E , C a i n e Y , S t e i n O , S t e i n Y : M e t a b o l i c e f f e c t s of n i c o t i n e o n h u m a n a d i p o s e t i s s u e in o r g a n c u l t u r e 9 4
C h e e m a K M -> S y e d T A C h e e m a R -> S y e d T A C h e n J B y e S C h r i s t M , K l a u s s V, P l i m l W, T h e i s e n K,
W e h l i n g M : V o l u m e s a n d N a + / H + a n -t i p o r t e r a c t i v i t y of l y m p h o c y t e s in p a t i e n t s w i t h c o n g e s t i v e h e a r t f a i l u r e 9 8 5
C h u m a n Η -> N a g a f u c h i S C i s s e w s k i Κ -> R z e p k a A H C l a s s e n H-G ~> R o b P M C l e m e n s R -> B o d m a n n K F C o c o z z a S D e L o r e n z o F C o l l a z o s J , M a r t i n e z E, F l o r e s M , M a y o J :
A s p e r g i l l u s p n e u m o n i a s u c c e s s f u l l y t r e a t e d w i t h i t r a c o n a z o l e in a p a t i e n t w i t h s y s t e m i c l u p u s e r y t h e m a t o s u s 9 2 0
C o l l a z o s J : G l y c o c h o l i c a c i d in c h r o n i c a c t i v e h e p a t i t i s a n d m i l d l i v e r d i s e a s e s 3 6
C o l l e t C -> L i n g e n f e l s e r Τ C o r d e r o Μ -> L a s o FJ C o r v o l Ρ - • P i n e t F C r e u t z i g A R a n k e C
D a n e k A , W i t t T N , M a n n K, S c h w e i k e r t H U , R o m a l o G, L a S p a d a A R , F i s c h b e c k K H : D e c r e a s e in a n d r o g e n b i n d i n g a n d e f f e c t of a n d r o g e n t r e a t m e n t in a c a s e o f X - l i n k e d b u l b o s p i n a l n e u r o n o p a t h y 8 9 2
D a n o s Ρ -> H a g e n d o r f f A D a n p u r e C J : M o l e c u l a r a n d c e l l b i o l o g y o f
p r i m a r y h y p e r o x a l u r i a t y p e 1 7 2 5 D e c r i n i s M , D o d e r S , S t a r k G, P i l g e r E : A
p r o s p e c t i v e e v a l u a t i o n of s e n s i t i v i t y a n d
s p e c i f i c i t y of t h e a n k l e / b r a c h i a l i n d e x in t h e f o l l o w - u p of s u p e r f i c i a l f e m o r a l a r t e r y o c c l u s i o n s t r e a t e d b y a n g i o p l a s ty 592
D e l l i n g G H a r t e n Ρ D e L o r e n z o F, M o n t i c e l l i A , C o c o z z a S,
D e S i m o n e Β, R u b b a P : E x t r a c o r o n a r y a t h e r o s c l e r o s i s a n d g e n e t i c v a r i a n t s of a p o l i p o p r o t e i n A I - C I I I c l u s t e r i n m y o c a r d i a l i n f a r c t i o n s u r v i v o r s f r o m s o u t h e r n I ta l y 435
D e n i s l i c M , M e h D : N e u r o p h y s i o l o g i c a l a s s e s s m e n t of p e r i p h e r a l n e u r o p a t h y in p r i m a r y S j o g r e n ' s s y n d r o m e 8 2 2
D e S i m o n e Β -> D e L o r e n z o F D e i t m e r s C -> H a g e n d o r f f A D e V r i e s J X -> S c h l e n k e r T D i e c k m a n n K-P -> G r o s s A J D i e n e r H-C -> M a l e s s a R D i e n e s H P - W ö l f e l Τ D i e r i c h M P -» V o g e t s e d e r W D i h l m a n n W , S c h n a b e l A , G r o s s W L : T h e
a c q u i r e d h y p e r o s t o s i s s y n d r o m e : a l i t t l e k n o w n s k e l e t a l d i s o r d e r w i t h d i s t i n c t i v e r a d i o l o g i c a l a n d c l i n i c a l f e a t u r e s 4
D i p p o l d W -+ W ö l f e l Τ D i r k s e n U H o r n e f f G D i s s m a n n Τ -> S c h n e i d e r Τ Di V i t o A A n t o n e l l i A D o b m e y e r J -» F e u s s n e r G D o b o s G J , T r a y n o r - K a p l a n A E , W a r d D,
S c h o l l m e y e r P J : N e u t r o p h i l d y s f u n c t i o n in e n d - s t a g e r e n a l f a i l u r e : r e d u c e d r e s p o n s e t o p r i m i n g b y C 5 a 353
D o d e r S -> D e c r i n i s Μ D o h e r t y Ε -> S e e d Μ D ö r r U -> I s e r G D r a k o u l i s Ν, C a s c o r b i I, B r o c k m ö l l e r J ,
G r o s s C R , R o o t s I : P o l y m o r p h i s m s in t h e h u m a n C Y P 1 A 1 g e n e a s s u s c e p t i b i l i t y f a c t o r s f o r l u n g c a n c e r : e x o n - 7 m u t a t i o n (4889 A to G ) , a n d a Τ t o C m u t a t i o n in t h e 3 ' - f l a n k i n g r e g i o n 240
D r e x e l Η -> F ö g e r Β D u e n s i n g S - • B u e r J D u l e y J -> B y e S D u q u e - R e i n a D -> M e r t e n s PR D ü s i n g R -» S c h m i t z U D ü s i n g R, L e i b h a m m e r S , H o f f m a n n G ,
V e t t e r Η, S i f f e r t W : H y p e r t o n i c s a l i n e i n f u s i o n i n d u c e s a c t i v a t i o n of t h e l y m p h o c y t e N a + / H + a n t i p o r t a n d c y t o s o l i c a l k a -l i n i z a t i o n in h e a l t h y h u m a n s u b j e c t s 817
E b e r t T -> B a u e r J E b e r t W -> M u l e y Τ E c k e r t F -> W a g n e r DR E g g s t e i n Μ -> K n i s e i W E g g s t e i n Μ -> L i n g e n f e l s e r Τ E g g s t e i n Μ -> Lu f t D E h m k e Η -> K i r c h h e i m HR E h r e n r e i c h Η - * R o l i n s k i Β E h r e n r e i c h Η, P o s e r W : D e p e n d e n c e o n
t r a m a d o l 76 E h r l i c h S -> H a a k Τ E i b e n Ρ -> S a n d e r D E i n h a u s M , H o l z O, M e i ß n e r R, K r a u s e T,
W a r n c k e K, H e l d I, S c h e r e r G , T r i c k e r A R , A d l k o f e r F, R ü d i g e r H W : D e t e r m i n a t i o n of D N A s i n g l e - s t r a n d b r e a k s in
l y m p h o c y t e s of s m o k e r s a n d n o n s m o k -e r s e x p o s e d to e n v i r o n m e n t a l t o b a c c o s m o k e u s i n g t h e n i c k t r a n s l a t i o n a s s a y 9 3 0
E i s e l e Ε -> L i m m e r J E l i a G -> P e d r e t t i G E i l b r ü c k D L i m m e r J E n d o Κ -> M i z u n a s h i Κ E n d r e s H G E , G r ü n e r Ο : C o m p a r i s o n of
D 2 0 a n d e t h a n o l d i l u t i o n s in t o t a l b o d y w a t e r m e a s u r e m e n t s in h u m a n s 830
E n g e l h a r d t D : S t e r o i d b i o s y n t h e s i s i n h i b i t o r s in C u s h i n g ' s s y n d r o m e 481
E n g e l s t e i n E, T e r r e s W, H o f m a n n D, H a n s e n L, H a m m C W : I m p r o v e d g l o b a l a n d r e g i o n a l le f t v e r t i c u l a r f u n c t i o n a f t e r a n g i o p l a s t y f o r c h r o n i c c o r o n a r y o c c l u s i o n 442
E n s e n a u e r R, P ü t t m a n n Μ , Q u i n t e l Μ , K a t -t e r m a n n R, A u f e n a n g e r J : C o m p a r i s o n of s e r u m p h o s p h o l i p a s e A 2 , p o l y m o r p h o n u c l e a r g r a n u l o c y t e e l a s t a s e , C - r e -a c t i v e p r o t e i n a n d s e r u m a m y l o i d A w i t h t h e A P A C H E II s c o r e i n t h e p r o g n o s i s of m u l t i p l e i n j u r e d p a t i e n t s 843
E r d m e n g e r L -> J e c k Τ E r l a c h e r L, T e u f e l s b a u e r Η, B e r n e c k e r Ρ,
P i e t s c h m a n n Ρ, W e i s s e i Μ : C o m p a r i s o n of s e r u m f l u o r i d e l e v e l s a f t e r a d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f m o n o f l u o r o p h o s p h a t e - c a l c i u m c a r b o n a t e o r s o d i u m f l u o r i d e : d i f f e r e n c e s in p e a k s e r u m c o n c e n t r a t i o n s 1082
E s c o b a r - J i m e n e z F -> V i d a l - P u i g A E t z e r s d o r f e r Ε -> W e n i s c h C E u l e r H H -» H a r t e n Ρ E u r o p e a n W o r k i n g G r o u p o n F a m i l i a l H y
p e r c h o l e s t e r o l e m i a -> S c h u s t e r Η E v e r s J , A b o u d a n F, L e w a l t e r J , R e n n e r Ε :
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4 7 2 E w e r s - G r a b o w U -> W i n d l e r Ε
F a b e l Η -> F l ü g e Τ F a e r g e m a n Ο H a n s e n PS F a l l a h i Ρ -> A n t o n e l l i A F a l t e r Β, K u t z e r C, R i c h t e r E : B i o m o n i t o r
i n g o f h e m o g l o b i n a d d u c t s : a r o m a t i c a m i n e s a n d t o b a c c o - s p e c i f i c n i t r o -s a m i n e s 3 6 4
F a n d r e y J -> G r o s s A J F e h s k e W -> R e i c h e l W F e l d g e s A -> K o r t e W F e r l i n z R -> K i e n a s t Κ F e r l i n z R -> L o r e n z J F e r n a n d e z - C a s t a h e r Μ F e r n a n d e z - R e
a l J M F e r n a n d e z C a s t a h e r Μ -»· G o m e z S ä e z J M F e r n a n d e z R e a l J M -> G o m e z S ä e z J M F e r n ä n d e z - R e a l J M , F e r n a n d e z - C a s
t a h e r M , V i l l a b o n a C , S a g a r r a E, Go-m e z - S ä e z J M , S o l e r J : G i a n t i n t r a s e l l a r a n e u r y s m p r e s e n t i n g w i t h p a n h y p o p i t u i t a r i s m a n d s u b a r a c h n o i d h e m o r r h a g e : c a s e r e p o r t a n d l i t e r a t u r e r e v i e w 302
F e u s s n e r G , S t e c h C, D o b m e y e r J , S c h a e -f e r H, O t t o G , Z i e g l e r R: S e r u m a m y l o i d A p r o t e i n ( S A A ) : a m a r k e r f o r l i v e r a l l o g r a f t r e j e c t i o n in h u m a n s 1007
F i a c c a d o r i F -» P e d r e t t i G F i l l e Μ - * V o g e t s e d e r W
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F i n n m a n U-B --> F u x e Κ F i s c h b e c k K H -+ D a n e k A F i s c h e r A , K ö n i g W : M o d u l a t i o n of i n v i t r o
i m m u n o g l o b u l i n s y n t h e s i s of h u m a n p e r i p h e r a l b l o o d m o n o n u c l e a r c e l l s by n i c o t i n e a n d c o t i n i n e 225
F i s c h e r HP R e i c h e l W F i s c h e r Μ -> P e c h e r s t o r f e r Μ F i s c h e r Ρ -> B e h r Τ F l e s c h M , S a c h i n i d i s A , K o Y D , K r a f t K,
V e t t e r Η : P l a s m a l i p i d s a n d l i p o p r o t e i n s a n d e s s e n t i a l h y p e r t e n s i o n 9 4 4
F l i k J -> W a g n e r D F l i n t e r F , B o y e E, V e t r i e D, H a r r i s A , B o -
b r o w Μ : G e n e t i c a s p e c t s of r e n a l d y s f u n c t i o n : A l p o r t ' s s y n d r o m e 7 2 8
F l i s e r D , R i t z E : C l i n i c a l p r o b l e m s o f d i u r e t i c t r e a t m e n t 708
F l o r e s Μ -> C o l l a z o s J F l ü g e T, F a b e l H, W a g n e r T O F , F o r s s -
m a n n W G : L o c a l i z a t i o n o f t h e b r o n -c h o d i l a t o r e f f e c t i n d u c e d by t y p e A n a t r i u r e t i c p e p t i d e in a s t h m a t i c s u b j e c t s 7 7 2
F l u r y RF -> R i s t i Β F ö g e r Β, D r e x e l Η, H o p f e r w i e s e r Τ, M i e
s e n b ö c k G, R i t s c h A , L e c h l e i t n e r M , T r ö b i n g e r G , P a t s c h J R : F e n o f i b r a t e i m p r o v e s p o s t p r a n d i a l c h y l o m i c r o n c l e a r a n c e in II Β h y p e r l i p o p r o t e i n e m i a 2 9 4
F ö l s c h Β -> H a i w a c h s G F ö l s c h UR M ö n i g Η F o r s s m a n n W G -»· F l ü g e Τ F o r s t Η -> B r i e g e l J F r a n z e n D -»· W a i d n e r Τ F r e i U -> K l i e m V F r e y F J : 11 ß - H y d r o x y s t e r o i d d e h y d r o g e
n a s e : a r e l e v a n t d e t e r m i n a n t of g i u c o -a n d m i n e r a l o c o r t i c o i d - a c t i o n s 701
F r i e d b e r g Τ -> L o r e n z J F r i e d r i c h s U —> B o k e m e y e r D F r i t s c h Η -> J u l i u s U F r i t s c h W -> J u l i u s U F r ö l i c h J -> R a n k e C F u c h s S -> P i n e t F F ü c k e r Κ J u l i u s U F u k u s h i m a Ν -> N a g a f u c h i S F u r u k a w a Y -> M i z u n a s h i Κ F ü s s l e R, B i s c o p i n g J , B e h r R, S z i e g o -
l e i t A : D e v e l o p m e n t of r e s i s t a n c e b y E n t e r o b a c t e r c l o a c a e d u r i n g t h e r a p y of p u l m o n a r y i n f e c t i o n s in i n t e n s i v e c a r e p a t i e n t s 1015
F u x e K, R o s e n L, L i p p o l d t A , A n d b j e r B, H a s s e l r o t U , F i n n m a n U - B , A g n a t i L F : C h r o n i c c o n t i n u o u s i n f u s i o n of n i c o t i n e i n c r e a s e s t h e d i s a p p e a r a n c e o f c h o l i n e a c e t y l t r a n s f e r a s e i m m u n o r e a c t i v i t y in t h e c h o l i n e r g i c c e l l b o d i e s of t h e m e d i a l s e p t a l n u c l e u s f o l l o w i n g a p a r t i a l u n i l a t e r a l t r a n s e c t i o n of t h e f i m b r i a f o r n i x 262
G a l a n s k i Μ - * R a n k e C G a m b a G -> H e b e r t S C G a n d e n b e r g e r S -> W i n t e r g e r s t U G a n t e r U -> B a u e r J G a r c i a - C a l v e n t e C -> V i d a l - P u i g A G a r c i a - S ä n c h e z J E -> L a s o FJ G ä r t n e r HV -»· S p y r i d o p o u l o s I G a w a z M , B o g n e r C : C h a n g e s in p l a t e l e t
m e m b r a n e g l y c o p r o t e i n s a n d p l a t e l e t -
l e u k o c y t e i n t e r a c t i o n d u r i n g h e m o d i a l y s i s 4 2 4
G e i e r S A -> R o l i n s k i Β G e n o v e s e S -+ W a g n e r R G e r d e s L U H a n s e n PS G e r k e n G -> W ö l f e l Τ G e r m a i n S -> P i n e t F G e r m a n A I D S S t u d y G r o u p : S u r v i v a l of p a
t i e n t s r e c e i v i n g z i d o v u d i n e b e f o r e o r af t e r A I D S d i a g n o s i s : r e s u l t s of a G e r m a n m u l t i c e n t e r s t u d y 111
G e r o k W - » H a f k e m e y e r Ρ G e r o k W -> O f f e n s p e r g e r W - B G l a s e r F - Wo l f Ο G o e b e l F D -> L i e g l U G o e b e l F D - * R o l i n s k i Β G o e b e l Y R o b P M G o m e z J M , A g u i l a r M , N a v a r r o M A , O r t o -
l ä J , S o l e r J : S e c r e t i o n of g r o w t h h o r m o n e a n d t h y r o i d - s t i m u l a t i n g h o r m o n e in p a t i e n t s w i t h d e m e n t i a 489
G o m e z - S ä e z J M -> F e r n ä n d e z - R e a l J M G o m e z S ä e z J M , F e r n a n d e z R e a l J M , Fe r
n a n d e z C a s t a h e r M , N a v a r r o M o r e n o M A , M a r t i n e z M a t o s J A : S t u d y o n g r o w t h h o r m o n e a n d i n s u l i n s e c r e t i o n in m y o t o n i c d y s t r o p h y 508
G o n z ä l e z - B u i t r a g o J M -> L a s o FJ G r a b e n s e e Β -> H o l l e n b e c k Μ G r a b i t z Κ - * K n i e m e y e r H W G r a j e r K H A d o r f D G r a n i n g e r W -> W e n i s c h C G r e g e r R, L o h r m a n n E, B l e i c h M : T u b u l a r
a c t i o n s of d i u r e t i c s ( o v e r v i e w ) 690 G r e m i n g e r P, S u t e r P M , H o l m D, K o b e l t R,
V e t t e r W : M o r n i n g v e r s u s e v e n i n g a d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f n i f e d i p i n e g a s t r o i n t e s t i na l t h e r a p e u t i c s y s t e m in t h e m a n a g e m e n t of e s s e n t i a l h y p e r t e n s i o n 864
G r e s s e r U W a g n e r DR G r e s s n e r A M -> K ö r n e r Τ G r e t e n Η -+ S t e l l b r i n k H J G r e t e n Η W i n d l e r Ε G r i g o r i e v A l , M o r u k o v BV, V o r o b i e v D V :
W a t e r a n d e l e c t r o l y t e s t u d i e s d u r i n g l o n g - t e r m m i s s i o n s o n b o a r d t h e s p a c e s t a t i o n s S A L Y U T a n d M I R 169
G r o s s A J , Wo l f f M , F a n d r e y J , M i e r s c h W -D, D i e c k m a n n K-P , J e l k m a n n W : P r e v a l e n c e of p a r a n e o p l a s t i c e r y t h r o p o i e t i n p r o d u c t i o n by r e n a l c e l l c a r c i n o m a s 337
G r o s s C R -> D r a k o u l i s Ν G r o s s G -> A l b r e c h t Η G r o s s W -» H a a k T G r o s s W L -> D i h l m a n n W G r ü n e r Ο -» E n d r e s H G E G r ü n e r t A -> H a u g C G r ü n e S --»· J e c k Τ G w e c h e n b e r g e r Μ - * H i r s c h l M M
H a a k T , J u n g m a n n E, K a s p e r - D a h m G, E h r l i c h S, U s a d e l K H : E l e v a t e d e n d o t h e l i n 1 l e v e l s in c r i t i c a l i l l n e s s 2 1 4
H a a k T , M ä r z W, J u n g m a n n E, H a u s s e r S, S i e k m e i e r R, G r o s s W, U s a d e l K - Η : E l e v a t e d e n d o t h e l i n l e v e l s in p a t i e n t s w i t h h y p e r l i p o p r o t e i n e m i a 580
H a b e n i c h t A J R , J a n ß e n - T i m m e n U, Z i e g -l e r R, S c h e t t l e r G : L i p o p r o t e i n s a n d t h e i r f u n c t i o n s 639
H a b i o r A , W a l e w s k a - Z i e l e c k a B, B u t r u k E : H e p a t o c e l l u l a r - c h o l e s t a t i c l i v e r i n j u r y d u e t o a m o x y c i l l i n - c l a v u l a n i c a c i d c o m b i n a t i o n 616
H a f e r k a m p Ο, S e i b o l d Η, S t a u c h Μ , K l e e b e r g S, R ö d e l G : N e u t r o p h i l i c m i g r a t i o n t h r o u g h c a p i l l a r y l i k e m i c r o p o r e s : i n f l u e n c e of p u l m o n a r y p a s s a g e 30
H a f k e m e y e r P, S c h u p p Μ , S t o r c h Μ , G e r o k W, H ä u s s i n g e r D : E x c e s s i v e i r o n s t o r a g e in a p a t i e n t w i t h W i l s o n ' s d i s e a s e 134
H a g e n d o r f f A , D e i t m e r s C, D a n o s P, W e t t e r S , L a s s a u M , P i z z u l l i L, O m r a n H, B a u e r T, H a r t m a n n Α , L ü d e r i t z Β : C a r o t id a r t e r y s t e n o s i s a n d t a c h y a r r h y t h m i a s : r e g i o n a l c e r e b r a l b l o o d f l o w d u r i n g h i g h - r a t e v e n t r i c u l a r p a c i n g a f t e r o n e v e s s e l o c c l u s i o n in r a t s 775
H a k e U -> H e r r W H a l b m a y e r W M -> P e c h e r s t o r f e r Μ H a l l e r Μ -> B r i e g e l J H a i w a c h s G, T i r a n A , R e i s i n g e r E C , Z a c h
R, S a b i n Κ, F ö l s c h Β, L a n z e r Η, H o l z e r Η, W i l d e r s - T r u s c h n i g Μ : S e r u m l e v e l s of t h e s o l u b l e r e c e p t o r f o r t u m o r n e c r o s i s f a c t o r in p a t i e n t s w i t h r e n a l d i s e a s e 473
H a m m a r C-H -»• K ö r n e r Τ H a m m C W -» E n g e l s t e i n Ε H a m m e l G - * S c h e w e C K H a n e f e l d Μ ->· J u l i u s U H a n k e Η -> S t r o h s c h n e i d e r Τ H a n n e k u m A S t r o h s c h n e i d e r Τ H a n s e n L -> E n g e l s t e i n Ε H a n s e n P S , M e i n e r t z H , G e r d e s L U , K l a u
s e n IC, F a e r g e m a n O : T r e a t m e n t of p a t i e n t s w i t h f a m i l i a l d e f e c t i v e a p o l i p o -p r o t e i n B-100 w i t h p r a v a s t a t i n a n d g e m f i b r o z i l : a t w o - p e r i o d c r o s s - o v e r s t u d y 1065
H a r r i s A F l i n t e r F H a r r i s o n - B e r n a r d L M -»> N a v a r L G H a r t e n P, E u l e r H H , Wo l f E, D e l l i n g G,
L ö f f l e r H : D i s s e m i n a t e d h i s t o p l a s m o s i s in a n o n - i m m u n o c o m p r o m i s e d h o s t 878
H a r t l a p p J H - * R e i c h e l W H a r t m a n n A -> H a g e n d o r f f A H a s h i z u m e Μ N a g a f u c h i S H a s s e l r o t U F u x e Κ H a t a n o A T a k e d a Μ H a u g C, M e t z e l e A , S t e t i g e n J , K o c h s Μ ,
H o m b a c h V, G r ü n e r t A : I n c r e a s e d b r a i n n a t r i u r e t i c p e p t i d e a n d a t r i a l n a t r i u r e t i c p e p t i d e p l a s m a c o n c e n t r a t i o n s in d i a l y s i s - d e p e n d e n t c h r o n i c r e n a l f a i l u r e a n d in p a t i e n t s w i t h e l e v a t e d lef t v e n t r i c u l a r f i l l i n g p r e s s u r e 430
H a u s c h i l d A M ö n i g Η H a u s s e r S - * H a a k Τ H ä u s s i n g e r D - * H a f k e m e y e r Ρ H a y ID H e u f e l d e r A E H e b e r t S C , G a m b a G : M o l e c u l a r c l o n i n g
a n d c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n of t h e r e n a l d i u r e t i c - s e n s i t i v e e l e c t r o n e u t r a l s o d i u m - ( p o -t a s s i u m ) - c h l o r i d e c o t r a n s p o r t e r s 692
H e c k e r Η -> R a n k e C H e i l i g Β -> A r n o l d J C H e i m p e l Η - * L i m m e r J H e l b e r U -»· S p y r i d o p o u l o s I
V I
H e l d I -> E i n h a u s Μ H e l m c h e n U A l b r e c h t Η H e l m E B -> K a m p s B S H e m m e r l i n g A E - • W a g n e r D H e n g g e U -»· M a l e s s a R H e r i n g W ~> T s c h a i k o w s k y Κ H e r m a n n J -»· W a s c h e r T C H e r r W , S c h w e r t i n g A , W i t t i g B, W a n i -
t s c h k e R, S c h n i t z l e r G , W e i n e r t h J , J o -c h u m W, H a k e U, M e y e r z u m B ü s c h e n f e l d e K - Η : E n o r m o u s h e m a n g i o s a r c o m a of t h e h e a r t 3 7 2
H e u f e l d e r A E , H a y I D : E v i d e n c e f o r a u t o i m m u n e m e c h a n i s m s in t h e e v o l u t i o n o f i n v a s i v e f i b r o u s t h y r o i d i t i s ( R i e d e l ' s s t r u m a ) 7 8 8
H e y d e n S , K l u t h e R, I m m e n h o f e r C : I n t e r n a t i o n a l S y m p o s i u m o n S o d i u m a n d H y p e r t e n s i o n . R e s u l t s o f r a n d o m i z e d t r i a l s 8 0 0
H i l b e r t Ν -> H o l l e n b e c k Μ H i r s c h l M M , G w e c h e n b e r g e r Μ , Z e h e t g r u -
b e r Μ , W e b e r Η : S e v e r e c o m p l i c a t i o n s f o l l o w i n g t h r o m b o l y t i c t h e r a p y o f a n a c u t e t h r o m b o s i s o f a p r o s t h e t i c m i t r a l v a l v e 4 6 6
H o e k s t r a J H : A c u t e g a s t r o e n t e r i t i s i n E u r o p e a n d t h e u s e o f o r a l r e h y d r a t i o n t h e r a p y 167
H o f f m a n n G D ü s i n g R H o f f m a n n G E B r i e g e l J H o f f m a n n Κ A d a m e k R J H o f f m e i s t e r H M -> S p y r i d o p o u l o s I H o f m a n n D - » E n g e l s t e i n Ε H o h a g e n F - * B a u e r J H ö h l e r T, T e u b e r G , W a n i t s c h k e R, M e y e r
z u m B ü s c h e n f e l d e K - Η : I n d o m e t h a c i n t r e a t m e n t i n a m p h o t e r i c i n Β i n d u c e d n e p h r o g e n i c d i a b e t e s i n s i p i d u s 7 6 9
H o l h o r s t Κ -> K l i e m V H o l l e n b e c k M , H i l b e r t N, M e u s e l F, G r a -
b e n s e e B : I n c r e a s i n g s e n s i t i v i t y a n d s p e c i f i c i t y of D o p p l e r s o n o g r a p h i c d e t e c t i o n of r e n a l t r a n s p l a n t r e j e c t i o n w i t h s e r i a l i n v e s t i g a t i o n t e c h n i q u e 6 0 9
H ö l l t V -> W a n g X H o l m D G r e m i n g e r P H o l z e r Η - * H a i w a c h s G H o l z Ο -> E i n h a u s Μ H o m b a c h V -> H a u g C H o m b a c h V -»· W a i d n e r Τ H o p f e r w i e s e r Τ -+ F ö g e r Β H o p p e - S e y l e r F, B u t z K : T u m o r s u p p r e s
s o r g e n e s in m o l e c u l a r m e d i c i n e 6 1 9 H ö p p H W -> W a i d n e r Τ H o r i n a J H -> K a u f m a n n Ρ H o r i n a J H S t a u b e r R E H o r i s b e r g e r J - D , P u o t i A , C a n e s s a C, R o s -
s i e r B C : T h e a m i l o r i d e r e c e p t o r 6 9 5 H o r n e f f G , D i r k s e n U, W a h n V : l n t e r f e r o n - γ
f o r t r e a t m e n t o f s e v e r e a t o p i c e c z e m a i n t w o c h i l d r e n 4 0 0
H o u w e l i n g H : H I V t r a n s m i s s i o n in t h e p r o v i s i o n o f h e a l t h c a r e 1
H u e r t a s - G o n z a l e s J M P e r e z - B i a n c o FJ H u m p h r i e s S L i n d a h l G H u m p h r i e s S -»· S c h u s t e r Η H u m p h r i e s S E - * S e e d Μ H u p p e r t Ρ Ε - * S p y r i d o p o u l o s I
I m m e n h o f e r C -+ H e y d e n S
I n s c h o E W -> N a v a r L G I r s i g l e r Κ -> P e c h e r s t o r f e r Μ I se r G , P f o h l M , D ö r r U, W e i s s E M , S e i f F J :
E c t o p i c A C T H s e c r e t i o n d u e to a b r o n c h o p u l m o n a r y c a r c i n o i d l o c a l i z e d b y s o m a t o s t a t i n r e c e p t o r s c i n t i g r a p h y 887
I s h i b a s h i Η -> N a g a f u c h i S I sh i i Μ -»· Y a s u d a G I t te l Τ Η -> M e r t e n s PR I t t e n s o h n A d e V r i e s J X I t t e n s o h n A L o f t i e r W
J a b l o n o w s k i H, S a n d e r O, W i l l e r s R, A d a m s O, B a r t m a n n Ρ, W a h n V : T h e u s e o f i n t r a v e n o u s i m m u n o g l o b u l i n s in s y m p t o m a t i c H IV i n f e c t i o n . R e s u l t s of a r a n d o m i z e d s t u d y 2 2 0
J a k o b e r Β -> L i n g e n f e l s e r Τ J a k o b G V o r d e r w i n k l e r K-P J a n d i k Ρ M e l i c h a r Β J a n ß e n - T i m m e n U - * H a b e n i c h t A J R J a s p e r s C, B e n k e r G, R e i n w e i n D : T r e a t
m e n t of p r o l a c t i n o m a p a t i e n t s w i t h t h e n e w n o n - e r g o t d o p a m i n e a g o n i s t r o x i n -d o l : f i r s t r e s u l t s 451
J a s p e r s e n D K ö r n e r Τ J e c k Τ, W e i s s e r Β, M e n g d e n Τ, E r d -
m e n g e r L, G r ü n e S, V e t t e r W : P r i m a r y a l d o s t e r o n i s m : d i f f e r e n c e in c l i n i c a l p r e s e n t a t i o n a n d l o n g - t e r m f o l l o w - u p b e t w e e n a d e n o m a a n d b i l a t e r a l h y p e r p l a s i a of t h e a d r e n a l g l a n d s 979
J e l k m a n n W -> G r o s s A J J e r u s a l e m F Z i e r z S J o c h u m W -»· H e r r W J o c k e n h ö v e l F, L e d e r b o g e n S, O l b r i c h t T ,
S c h m i d t - G a y k H, K r e n n i n g E P , L a m b e r t s S W J , R e i n w e i n D : T h e l o n g - a c t i n g s o m a t o s t a t i n a n a l o g u e o c t r e o t i d e a l l e v i a t e s s y m p t o m s b y r e d u c i n g p o s t t r a n s l a -t i o n a l c o n v e r s i o n of p r e p r o - g l u c a g o n t o g l u c a g o n in a p a t i e n t w i t h m a l i g n a n t g l u c a g o n o m a , b u t d o e s n o t p r e v e n t t u m o r g r o w t h 127
J o d a r - G i m e n o Ε -> V i d a l - P u i g A J o h n s t o n D A , W o r m s l e y K G : P r o b l e m s
w i t h t h e i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of g a s t r i c p H m e a s u r e m e n t 12
J o s t W H , R a p p C, K ö n i g J , S c h i m r i g k K : A r e h e a r t r a t e r e s p o n s e s r e p r o d u c i b l e in t h e t i l t - t a b l e t e s t ? 996
J u d m a i e r G -»· V o r d e r w i n k l e r K-P J u l i u s U, F r i t s c h H, F r i t s c h W, R e h a k E,
F ü c k e r K, L e o n h a r d t W, H a n e f e l d M : I m p a c t of h o r m o n e r e p l a c e m e n t t h e r a p y o n p o s t p r a n d i a l l i p o p r o t e i n s a n d l i p o p r o t e i n ^ ) in n o r m o l i p i d e m i c p o s t m e n o p a u s a l w o m e n 502
J u n g m a n n Ε - * H a a k T J u r n a I, K r a u ß Ρ, B a l d a u f J : D e p r e s s i o n by
n i c o t i n e of p a i n - r e l a t e d n o c i c e p t i v e a c t i v i t y in t h e r a t t h a l a m u s a n d s p i n a l c o r d 65
K a b o t h W -+ A d o r f D K a h l o n B M M S y e d T A K a l l i n o w s k i Β - * A r n o l d J C K a m p s B S , B r o d t H-R, S t a s z e w s k i S,
B e r g m a n n L, H e l m E B : A I D S - f r e e s u r v i v a l a n d o v e r a l l s u r v i v a l in H IV i n f e c
t i o n : t h e n e w C D C c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s y s t e m (1993) f o r H I V d i s e a s e a n d A I D S 283
K a m r a d i k Β - • N e t t e r Ρ K a r s c h K R -> S t r o h s c h n e i d e r Τ K a s p e r - D a h m G -> H a a k T K a s s u b e k J -> W i t z k e Ο K a t e r W W e h r m a n n Τ K a t t e r m a n n R -»> E n s e n a u e r R K a u f m a n n P, S m o l l e K H , H o r i n a J H , Z a c h
R, K r e j s G J : I m p a c t of l o n g - t e r m h e m o d i a l y s i s o n n u t r i t i o n a l s t a t u s i n p a t i e n t s w i t h e n d - s t a g e r e n a l f a i l u r e 7 5 4
K a u t z k y - W i l l e r A -» C a p e k Μ K a w a m o r i Τ, T a n a k a Τ, K a w a s e Υ, S h i -
r o k o J , T a n a h a s h i S , M o r i H : A n α - f e t o p r o t e i n p r o d u c i n g p a n c r e a t i c c y s t a d e -n o c a r c i n o m a 377
K a w a s e Υ - > K a w a m o r i Τ K e l l e r m a n n W -> B r i e g e l J K e l l n e r Η, Y u D : T h e p a t h o g e n e s i s of H L A -
B 2 7 a s s o c i a t e d a r t h r i t i s : l e s s o n s f r o m t h e B 2 7 c r y s t a l 321
K e r n Ρ W a g n e r D K e r n W V W a g n e r D K e u l e r s Ρ -»· M e r t e n s PR K h a d r a L F -> B e n w e l l M E M K i e n a s t K, R i e c h e l m a n n H, K n o r s t M ,
S c h l e g e l J , M ü l l e r - Q u e r n h e i m J , S c h e l l e n b e r g J , F e r l i n z R: A n e x p e r i m e n t a l m o d e l f o r t h e e x p o s u r e of h u m a n c i l i a t e d c e l l s t o s u l f u r d i o x i d e a t d i f f e r e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s 215
K i k u c h i Μ -> N a g a f u c h i S K i m u r a T -> M i z u n a s h i Κ K i r c h h e i m H R , E h m k e H : V a s o a c t i v e h o r
m o n e s : m o d u l a t o r s of r e n a l f u n c t i o n 685 688
K i r c h n e r Η B u e r J K i r s c h b a u m C, S c h e r e r G, S t r a s b u r g e r
C J : P i t u i t a r y a n d aorena\ hormone r e s p o n s e s to p h a r m a c o l o g i c a l , p h y s i c a l , a n d p s y c h o l o g i c a l s t i m u l a t i o n in h a b i t u a l s m o k e r s a n d n o n s m o k e r s 8 0 4
K l a u s e n IC -> H a n s e n P S K l a u s s V C h r i s t Μ K l a u s s V - • R o l i n s k i Β K l e e b e r g S -> H a f e r k a m p Ο K l e i n R, B e r g P A : A c o m p a r a t i v e s t u d y o n
a n t i b o d i e s to n u c l e o l i a n d 5 - h y d r o x -y t r y p t a m i n e in p a t i e n t s w i t h f i b r o m y a l g i a s y n d r o m e a n d t r y p t o p h a n - i n d u c e d e o s i n o p h i l i a - m y a l g i a s y n d r o m e 541
K l i e m V, R i n g e B, H o l h o r s t K, F r e i U : K i d n e y t r a n s p l a n t a t i o n in h e p a t i t i s Β s u r f a c e a n t i g e n c a r r i e r s 1000
K l i m p f i n g e r Μ S t a u b e r R E K l i n g e l h ö f e r J S a n d e r D K l i n g m ü l l e r D B r e n n e m a n n W K l u t h e R - • H e y d e n S K n a p p e r t z V A ->· K u b i e r A K n i e m e y e r HW, S a n d m a n n W, S c h w i n d t C ,
G r a b i t z K, T o r s e l l o G , S t ü h m e i e r Κ : T h r o m b e c t o m y w i t h a r t e r i o v e n o u s f i s t u la f o r e m b o l i z i n g d e e p v e n o u s t h r o m b o s i s : a n a l t e r n a t i v e t h e r a p y f o r p r e v e n t i o n o f r e c u r r e n t p u l m o n a r y e m b o l i s m 40
K n i s e i W, P f o h l M , M ü l l e r M , B e s e n t h a l I, d i N i c u o l o A , V o e l k e r W , R i s l e r T , E g g s t e i n M : C o m p a r a t i v e l o n g - t e r m e x p e r i e n c e w i t h i m m u n o a d s o r p t i o n a n d d e x -
V I I
t r a n s u l f a t e c e l l u l o s e a d s o r p t i o n f o r e x t r a c o r p o r e a l e l i m i n a t i o n of l o w - d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n s 6 6 0
K n o l l e Ρ -+ W ö l f e l Τ K n o r s t Μ -> K i e n a s t Κ K o b a y a s h i I K u b o t a Κ K o b e l t R -> G r e m i n g e r P K o c h K M -> B r u n k h o r s t R K o c h s Μ -> H a u g C K ö h l e r Η - • A d a m e k RJ K o h l e r S M - • K r ä m e r B K K o i z u m i Τ - • T a k e d a Μ K o m e y a m a Τ - » T a k e d a Μ K o m l o s i Ρ - * N a g y I K o m m e r e l l Β -> A r n o l d J C K o m m e r e l l Β -> B o e h m e M W J K o m m e r e l l Β S c h l e n k e r T K ö n i g J -» J o s t W H K ö n i g W -»· F i s c h e r A K o n z Κ -+ L u f t D K o r a y Ζ B a y r a k t a r Μ K ö r n e r Τ, K r o p f J , J a s p e r s e n D, H a m m a r
C - H , G r e s s n e r A M : O n t h e d i a g n o s t i c p o t e n t i a l o f f i b r o n e c t i n i n h u m a n b i l e f l u id 316
K o r t e W, F e l d g e s A : I n c r e a s e d p r o t h r o m b i n a c t i v a t i o n in a p a t i e n t w i t h c o n g e n i t a l a f i b r i n o g e n e m i a is r e v e r s i b l e b y f i b r i n o g e n s u b s t i t u t i o n 396
K ö r t i n g H C -> S c h ä f e r - K ö r t i n g Μ Κ ο Υ S c h m i t z U Κ ο Y D -> F l e s c h Μ K r a f t Κ -> F l e s c h Μ K r ä m e r B K , A c k e r m a n n Μ , K o h l e r S M ,
R i e g g e r G A J : R o l e of e n d o t h e l i n in h y p e r t e n s i o n 88
K r ä m e r G -> K u b i e r A K r a m e r HJ -> B o k e m e y e r D K r a m e r H J , B ä c k e r A , B o k e m e y e r D,
M e y e r - L e h n e r t Η : A t r i a l n a t r i u r e t i c p e p t i d e a n d e n d o t h e l i n : m o d u l a t o r s of r e n a l f u n c t i o n 703
K r a m e r H J : M u l t i p l e s c i e n t i f i c p u b l i c a t i o n s 555
K r a m s Μ -+ M a l e s s a R K r a u s e Τ -> E i n h a u s Μ K r a u ß Ρ -> J u r n a I K r e j s G J W a s c h e r T C K r e j s G J K a u f m a n n Ρ K r e j s G J - • S t a u b e r R E K r e n n i n g E P -> J o c k e n h ö v e l F K r i e g e r S - • B a u e r J K r o p f J -> K ö r n e r Τ K r ü g e r T M -> S t e m p f l e H U K u b i e r A , R o t h a c h e r G , K n a p p e r t z V A ,
K r ä m e r G , N i n k M , B e y e r J , L e h n e r t H : I n t r a - a n d e x t r a c e r e b r a l b l o o d f l o w c h a n g e s a n d f l u s h i n g a f t e r i n t r a v e n o u s i n j e c t i o n of h u m a n c o r t i c o t r o p i n - r e l e a s -i n g h o r m o n e 331
K u b i e r W - • N i r o o m a n d F K u b o t a K, T a m u r a J , K u r a b a y a s h i H, S h i -
r a k u r a T , K o b a y a s h i I : E v a l u a t i o n of i n c r e a s e d s e r u m f e r r i t i n l e v e l s in p a t i e n t s w i t h h y p e r t h y r o i d i s m 26
K u n t z C -> W o l f Ο K u r a b a y a s h i Η K u b o t a Κ K u t z e r C - * F a l t e r Β
L a m b e r t s S W J J o c k e n h ö v e l F L a n d t h a l e r Μ - » W a g n e r DR
L a n d t h a l e r R d e V r i e s J X L a n d t h a l e r R L ö f f l e r W L a n d W : I m p a c t of t h e r e p e r f u s i o n i n j u r y
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L a n g e S -> M ö n i g Η L a n z e r Η -> H a i w a c h s G L a r d e l l i Ρ - * V i d a l - P u i g A L a s o F J , C o r d e r o M , G a r c i a - S ä n c h e z J E :
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L a S p a d a A R -> D a n e k A L a s s a u Μ - • H a g e n d o r f f A L ä s z l ö J r F N a g y I L D L A p h e r e s i s S t u d y G r o u p -> W a i d n e r T L e b e a u A - • R o b P M L e c h l e i t n e r Μ - • F ö g e r Β L e d e r b o g e n S J o c k e n h ö v e l F L e h n e r t Η K u b i e r A L e h n e r t T -> W o l f Ο L e i b h a m m e r S -> D ü s i n g R L e i p n e r N B r e n n e m a n n W L e o n h a r d t W J u l i u s U L e w a l t e r J - • E v e r s J L i e g l U, B o g n e r J R , G o e b e l F D : I n s u l i n - d e
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L u n d i n S S y e d T A L u s k a G -> R a n k e C
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V I I I
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\ J R : S u p p r e s s e d t h y r o i d - s t i m u l a t i n g h o r m o n e s e c r e t i o n in p a t i e n t s t r e a t e d w i t h i n t e r l e u k i n - 2 a n d i n t e r f e r o n - a 2 b f o r m e t a s t a t i c m e l a n o m a 975
M o n t i c e l l i A -+ D e L o r e n z o F M o r e n o - T e r r i b a s G -> P e r e z - B i a n c o FJ M o r i Η -> K a w a m o r i Τ M o r i S -> M i z u n a s h i Κ M o r u k o v B V -> G r i g o r i e v A l M r o w k a C, S i e b e r t h H G : C i r c u l a t i n g a d h e
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b o l i s m of e n e r g y - y i e l d i n g s u b s t r a t e s in p a t i e n t s w i t h l i v e r c i r r h o s i s 568
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r a d i k B : T h e i n f l u e n c e of n i c o t i n e o n p e r f o r m a n c e , m o o d , a n d p h y s i o l o g i c a l p a r a m e t e r s a s r e l a t e d t o s m o k i n g h a b i t , g e n d e r , a n d s u g g e s t i b i l i t y 512
N e u m a n n A -> N e t t e r Ρ N e u m a n n Η . P . Η . : G e n e t i c s of h y p e r t e n
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N e u p e r t W : T r a n s p o r t of p r o t e i n s a c r o s s m i t o c h o n d r i a l m e m b r a n e s 251
N e u r a t h G B : A s p e c t s of t h e o x i d a t i v e m e t a b o l i s m of n i c o t i n e 190
d i N i c u o l o A -> K n i s e i W N i h o Y -+ N a g a f u c h i S N i i n i v a a r a - K r e u z e r Κ - * W i n t e r g e r s t U N i n k Μ -> K u b i e r A N i r o o m a n d F, K u b i e r W : H i b e r n a t i n g , s t u n
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N o t h e i s G -»· W i n t e r g e r s t U
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M o l e c u l a r t h e r a p e u t i c s t r a t e g i e s in h e p a t i t i s Β v i r u s i n f e c t i o n 737
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r o l o g i c a l m a n i f e s t a t i o n s in e o s i n o p h i l i a : v a r i a t i o n s of o n e d i s e a s e ? 1060
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g e r S, I r s i g l e r Κ, H a l b m a y e r W M , U l r i c h W, F i s c h e r M , B a u m g a r t n e r G : H i g h - d o s e i n t r a v e n o u s m e l p h a l a n in a p a t i e n t w i t h m u l t i p l e m y e l o m a a n d o l i g u r i c r e n a l f a i l u r e 522
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R a p p C -> J o s t W H R a t s c h e k Μ -+ S t a u b e r R E R a u h u t F M a l e s s a R R e h a k Ε -*• J u l i u s U R e i c h e l C, F e h s k e W, F i s c h e r H P , H a r t -
l a p p J H : U n d i f f e r e n t i a t e d ( e m b r y o n a l ) s a r c o m a of t h e l i v e r in a n a d u l t p a t i e n t w i t h m e t a s t a s i s of t h e h e a r t a n d b r a i n 209
R e i n h a r d t V M a l e s s a R R e i n w e i n D -> J a s p e r s C R e i n w e i n D -» J o c k e n h ö v e l F R e i n w e i n D ~> R z e p k a A H R e i n w e i n D -> W a g n e r R R e i s i n g e r E C H a i w a c h s G R e i t e r e r L -> S c h n e i d e r Τ R e n n W ~> L i n g e n f e l s e r Τ R e n n W -> L u f t D R e n n e r Ε -> E v e r s J R i c h t e r Ε F a l t e r Β R i e c h e l m a n n Η -»· K i e n a s t Κ R i e c k e n E O S c h n e i d e r Τ R i e g g e r G A J ->· K r ä m e r B K R i n g e Β -> K l i e m V R i s l e r Τ K n i s e i W R i s t i B, F l u r y RF, S c h a f f n e r A : F a t a l h e m a -
t o p h a g i c h i s t i o c y t o s i s a f t e r g r a n u l o c y t e -m a c r o p h a g e c o l o n y - s t i m u l a t i n g f a c t o r a n d c h e m o t h e r a p y f o r h i g h - g r a d e m a l i g n a n t l y m p h o m a 457
R i s t J -» L i m m e r J R i t s c h A - * F ö g e r Β R i t t e r Μ -» W a i d n e r Τ R i t z Ε F l i s e r D R o b P M , G o e b e l Y, L e b e a u A , C l a s s e n H-
G : M y o c a r d i a l m a g n e s i u m d e p l e t i o n d u r i n g c y c l o s p o r i n e t r e a t m e n t , a s s o c i a t e d w i t h r e c i p r o c a l c a l c i u m o v e r l o a d , c a n b e p r e v e n t e d by p l e n t i f u l d i e t a r y m a g n e s i u m s u p p l y 137
R ö d e l G -> H a f e r k a m p Ο R o d r i g u e z - C u a r t e r o A - * P e r e z - B i a n c o FJ R o l i n s k i B, G e i e r S A , S a d r i I, K l a u s s V,
B o g n e r J R , E h r e n r e i c h H, G o e b e l F D :
IX
E n d o t h e l i n - 1 i m m u n o r e a c t i v i t y in p l a s m a is e l e v a t e d in H IV-1 i n f e c t e d p a t i e n t s w i t h r e t i n a l m i c r o a n g i o p a t h i c s y n d r o m e 288
R o m a l o G -> D a n e k A R o o t s I -> D r a k o u l i s Ν R o s e B D : R e s i s t a n c e to d i u r e t i c s 722 R o s e n L -> F u x e Κ R o s s i e r B C -> H o r i s b e r g e r J - D R o t h a c h e r G -> K u b i e r A R o t h e E M -> S c h l e n k e r T R u b b a Ρ -> D e L o r e n z o F R ü d i g e r H W - • E i n h a u s Μ R ü g h e i m e r Ε -> T s c h a i k o w s k y Κ R u i z - R e q u e n a M E - * V i d a l - P u i g A R z e p k a A H , C i s s e w s k i Κ, U l b r i c h t Τ, R e i n
w e i n D : E f f e c t i v e n e s s of p r o p h y l a c t i c t h e r a p y o n g o i t e r r e c u r r e n c e in a n a r e a w i t h l o w i o d i n e i n t a k e - a s o n o g r a p h i c f o l l o w - u p s t u d y 967
S a a l J G -> S p y r i d o p o u l o s I S a b i n Κ -> H a i w a c h s G S a b o l i c I, B r o w n D: W a t e r t r a n s p o r t in r e
n a l t u b u l e s is m e d i a t e d b y a q u a p o r i n s 698
S a c h i n i d i s A - • F l e s c h Μ S a d r i I -+ R o l i n s k i Β S a g a r r a Ε -» F e r n a n d e z - R e a l J M S a h o t a A - * B y e S S a l v i o n i G -> A n t o n e l l i A S a n d e r D, S c h o l z CW, E i b e n P, K l i n g e l -
h ö f e r J : P o s t v a c c i n a l p l e x u s n e u r o p a t h y f o l l o w i n g v a c c i n a t i o n a g a i n s t t i c k - b o r n e e n c e p h a l i t i s a n d t e t a n u s in a c o m p e t i t i v e a t h l e t e 399
S a n d e r Ο -> J a b l o n o w s k i Η S a n d m a n n W -> K n i e m e y e r H W S a t o Η M i z u n a s h i Κ S c h a e f e r Η -> F e u s s n e r G S c h ä f e r - K ö r t i n g Μ , K ö r t i n g H C , P o n c e -
P ö s c h l E : L i p o s o m a l t r e t i n o i n f o r u n c o m p l i c a t e d a c n e v u l g a r i s 1086
S c h a f f n e r A -> R is t i Β S c h e l i e n b e r g J -> K i e n a s t Κ S c h e r e r G C h a j e k - S h a u l Τ S c h e r e r G -> E i n h a u s Μ S c h e r e r G -> K i r s c h b a u m e S c h e r ü b l Η -> S c h n e i d e r Τ S c h e t t l e r G -» H a b e n i c h t A J R S c h e w e C K , S c h w e i k a r t H P , H a m m e l G ,
S p e n g e l FA, Z ö l l n e r N, Z o l l e r W G : I n f l u e n c e o f s e l e c t i v e m a n a g e m e n t o n t h e p r o g n o s i s a n d t h e r i sk o f r u p t u r e of a b d o m i n a l a o r t i c a n e u r y s m s 585
S c h i m r i g k Κ -> J o s t W H S c h i r m a c h e r Ρ -> W ö l f e l Τ S c h l a a k J -> W ö l f e l Τ S c h l e g e l J -> K i e n a s t Κ S c h l e n k e r T , R a e d s c h R, D e V r i e s J X ,
S c h m i t z - K u m m e r E, W a l t e r - S a c k I, R o t h e E M , K o m m e r e i l B : S e l f - m e d i c a t i o n f o r a b d o m i n a l d i s c o m f o r t r e s u l t i n g in l i f e - t h r e a t e n i n g c o n s e q u e n c e s 74
S c h m i d t - A c h e r t Μ -> B e h r Τ S c h m i d t - G a y k Η - * J o c k e n h ö v e l F S c h m i t t - G r ä f f A -> S c h n e i d e r Τ S c h m i t z - K u m m e r Ε -» S c h l e n k e r T S c h m i t z U, Κ ο Y, B e c h e r H, L u d w i g M , V e t
t e r H, D ü s i n g R: E v i d e n c e f o r c a r d i o v a s
c u l a r r e m o d e l i n g i n a p a t i e n t w i t h B a x t e r ' s s y n d r o m e 8 7 4
S c h m i t z U, Κ ο Y, S e e w a l d S, D ü s i n g R, V e t t e r Η : I r o n - d e f i c i e n c y a n e m i a a s t h e s o l e m a n i f e s t a t i o n of c e l i a c d i s e a s e 519
S c h n a b e l A D i h l m a n n W S c h n a c k C -»· C a p e k Μ S c h n e i d e r Τ, U l l r i c h R, S c h e r ü b i H,
S c h m i t t - G r ä f f A , S t e i n H, R i e c k e n E O , Z e i t z Μ : I n t e s t i n a l i n t r a e p i t h e l i a l Τ c e l l d e r i v e d l y m p h o m a n o t a s s o c i a t e d w i t h e n t e r o p a t h y 313
S c h n e i d e r T, U l l r i c h R, S c h m i t t - G r ä f f A , B e r g s C, R e i t e r e r L, D i s s m a n n T, Z e i t z Μ , R i e c k e n E O : B a c i l l a r y a n g i o m a t o s i s in a G e r m a n p a t i e n t w i t h A I D S 50
S c h n i t z l e r G -> H e r r W S c h o l l m e y e r PJ D o b o s G J S c h o l z C W -> S a n d e r D S c h o m b u r g A -> B u e r J S c h r ö d e r R - * B e h r e n s S S c h r ö d e r R, B e y e n b u r g s , W e b e r J , O l e k
K, Z i e r z S : M y o t o n i c d y s t r o p h y a n d l i m b g i r d l e m u s c u l a r d y s t r o p h y in o n e f a m i ly 4 0 9
S c h r ö d e r R, U r b a c h H, Z i e r z S : C a u d a e q u i n a s y n d r o m e w i t h m u l t i p l e l u m b a r d i v e r t i c u l a c o m p l i c a t i n g l o n g - s t a n d i n g a n k y l o s i n g s p o n d y l i t i s 1056
S c h ü l e r A - » B u e r J S c h u l z V - * M u l e y Τ S c h u p p Μ - • H a f k e m e y e r Ρ S c h u s t e r Η, H u m p h r i e s S : E u r o p e a n W o r k
i n g G r o u p o n F a m i l i a l H y p e r c h o l e s t e r o l a e m i a : E u r o p e a n W o r k s h o p o n L D L R e c e p t o r D e f e c t s 898
S c h u s t e r HP B o d m a n n K F S c h ü t z e F -» L i m m e r J S c h u u r m a n H - J : M o l e c u l a r m e c h a n i s m s of
t r a n s p l a n t r e j e c t i o n 715 S c h w a r t i n g A -> H e r r W S c h w e i k a r t HP S c h e w e C K S c h w e i k e r t H U -> D a n e k A S c h w i n d t C -> K n i e m e y e r H W S c h w ö r e r H, R a m a d o r i G : T r e a t m e n t of
a c u t e g o u t y a r t h r i t i s w i t h t h e 5 - h y d r o x y -t r y p t a m i n e a n t a g o n i s t o n d a n s e t r o n 811
S e e d Μ -> L i n d a h l G S e e d Μ , M a i l l y F, V a l l a n c e D, D o h e r t y E,
W i n d e r A , T a l m u d P, H u m p h r i e s S E : L i p o p r o t e i n l i p a s e a c t i v i t y in p a t i e n t s w i t h c o m b i n e d h y p e r l i p i d a e m i a 100
S e e w a l d S -+ S c h m i t z U S e i b o l d Η -> H a f e r k a m p Ο S e i d e l D W i n d l e r Ε S e i f FJ -> I s e r G S e i f r i e d Ε -> L i m m e r J S e i b e r g Ο - * M ü l l e r M J S e s t o Μ - * S o l a j i c - B o z i c e v i c Ν S e x l V, W a g n e r L, W i e s h o l z e r M , P r e s t e r l
E, B a s e W : T r e a t m e n t of a p a t i e n t w i t h m a l i g n a n t m e s o t h e l i o m a w i t h i n t e r f e r o n - ^ b a s e d o n in v i t r o s e n s i t i v i t y t e s t s 317
S h i l o n i Ε -> C h a j e k - S h a u l Τ S h i o n i r i Η -> Y a s u d a G S h i r a k u r a T -> K u b o t a Κ S h i r o k o J -> K a w a m o r i Τ S h i s h i d o T -»· M i z u n a s h i Κ S i e b e r t h H-G M e r t e n s PR
S i e b e r t h H G M r o w k a C S i e k m e i e r R -> H a a k Τ S i f f e r t W - * D ü s i n g R S i m m o n d s H A - * B y e S S i t t l R T s c h a i k o w s k y Κ S m o l l e K H -»· K a u f m a n n Ρ S o e r g e l K H : C o l o n i c f e r m e n t a t i o n : m e t a
b o l i c a n d c l i n i c a l i m p l i c a t i o n s 7 4 2 S o l a j i c - B o z i c e v i c N, S t a v l j e n i c - R u k a v i n a
A , S e s t o Μ : L e c i t h i n - c h o l e s t e r o l a c y l -t r a n s f e r a s e a c t i v i t y i n p a t i e n t s w i t h c o r o n a r y a r t e r y d i s e a s e e x a m i n e d b y c o r o n a r y a n g i o g r a p h y 951
S o l e r J F e r n ä n d e z - R e a l J M S o l e r J G o m e z J M S p e n g e l F A S c h e w e C K S p y r i d o p o u l o s I, H e l b e r U , V o e l k e r W, H u p
p e r t Ρ Ε , G ä r t n e r HV, S a a l J G , H o f f m e i s t e r H M : P r i m a r y s y s t e m i c a m y l o i d o s i s l e a d i n g t o a d v a n c e d r e n a l a n d c a r d i a c i n v o l v e m e n t in a 3 0 - y e a r o l d m a n 4 6 2
S t a c h a n - K u n s t y r R -> W a g n e r D S t a h l R A K , W o l f G , T h a i s s F : T h e p o s s i b l e
r o l e o f c h e m o t a c t i c c y t o k i n e s in r e n a l d i s e a s e 711
S t a r k G D e c r i n i s Μ S t a s z e w s k i S K a m p s B S S t a u b e r R E , H o r i n a J H , T r a u n e r Μ , K r e j s
G J , R a t s c h e k M , K l i m p f i n g e r Μ : G l o m e r u l o n e p h r i t i s a s l a t e m a n i f e s t a t i o n o f s e v e r e α - , - a n t i t r y p s i n d e f i c i e n c y 4 0 4
S t a u c h Μ -> H a f e r k a m p Ο S t a v l j e n i c - R u k a v i n a A S o l a j i c - B o z i c e
v i c Ν S t e c h C - * F e u s s n e r G S t e t i g e n J -> H a u g C S t e i n Η -> S c h n e i d e r Τ S t e i n Ο - * C h a j e k - S h a u l Τ S t e i n Y - * C h a j e k - S h a u l Τ S t e l l b r i n k H J -> A l b r e c h t Η S t e l l b r i n k H J , A l b r e c h t H, G r e t e n Η : P n e u
m o c o c c a l p a r o t i t i s a n d c e r v i c a l l y m p h n o d e a b s c e s s e s in a n H I V - i n f e c t e d p a t i e n t 1037
S t e m p f l e H U , K r ü g e r T M , B r a n d l B C , T h e i -s e n Κ, A n g e r m a n n C E : S i m u l t a n e o u s t r a n s e s o p h a g e a l e c h o c a r d i o g r a p h y a n d a t r i a l p a c i n g : a s s e s s m e n t of t h e f u n c t i o n a l s i g n i f i c a n c e of c o r o n a r y a r t e r y d i s e a s e b e f o r e s u r g i c a l t r e a t m e n t o f a n a b d o m i n a l a n e u r y s m 2 0 6
S t o r c h Μ -> H a f k e m e y e r Ρ S t r a s b u r g e r C J - * K i r s c h b a u m e S t r o h s c h n e i d e r Τ, O b e r h o f f Μ , H a n k e Η,
H a n n e k u m A , K a r s c h K R : E f f e c t o f c h r o n i c n i c o t i n e d e l i v e r y o n t h e p r o l i f e r a t i o n r a t e o f e n d o t h e l i a l a n d s m o o t h m u s c l e c e l l s in e x p e r i m e n t a l l y i n d u c e d v a s c u l a r w a l l p l a q u e s 9 0 8
S t ü h m e i e r Κ -> K n i e m e y e r H W S u g i m a c h i Κ -> N a g a f u c h i S S u t e r P M -> G r e m i n g e r Ρ S y e d T A , L u n d i n S , C h e e m a K M , K a h -
l o n B M M , C h e e m a R, A h m a d S A , A h m a d Μ : H u m a n l e u k o c y t e i n t e r f e r o n - α in c r e a m , f o r t h e t r e a t m e n t of g e n i t a l w a r t s i n a s i a n w o m e n : a p l a c e b o - c o n t r o l l e d , d o u b l e - b l i n d s t u d y 8 7 0
S z i e g o l e i t A -> F ü s s l e R
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T a k a h a s h i Η -+ T a k e d a Μ T a k a y a Κ -> M i z u n a s h i Κ T a k e d a Μ , H a t a n o A , T a k a h a s h i Η, T a m a
ki M , K o m e y a m a T, K o i z u m i T, T s u t s u i T : α - , - A d r e n o c e p t o r s in t h e h u m a n p r o s t a t ic u r e t h r a a r e d i f f e r e n t f r o m t h o s e of t h e h u m a n p e r i p h e r a l a r t e r i e s 55
T a k e d a Μ , K o m e y a m a Τ, K o i z u m i Τ, H a t a n o A , T a m a k i M , T a k a h a s h i H, T s u t s u i T, M i z u s a w a T, O b a r a K: E n d o t h e l i n r e c e p t o r s in t h e h u m a n u r i n a r y b l a d d e r a r e d i f f e r e n t f r o m t h o s e in t h e h u m a n u r e t e r 213
T a k e n a k a Τ -> N a v a r L G T a l m u d Ρ - • S e e d Μ T a m a k i Μ ->· T a k e d a Μ T a m u r a J K u b o t a Κ T a n a h a s h i S -> K a w a m o r i Τ T a n a k a Τ K a w a m o r i Τ T e g t m e y e r K F - » W e t t e r l i n g Τ T e l e n t i A : M o l e c u l a r d i a g n o s t i c s f o r i n f e c
t i o u s d i s e a s e s : w h e r e d o w e s t a n d ? 415
T e r r e s W -> E n g e l s t e i n Ε T e u b e r G -> H ö h l e r Τ T e u f e l s b a u e r Η -»· E r l a c h e r L T h a i s s F -+ S t a h l R A K T h e i l m a n n L -> A r n o l d J C T h e i s e n Κ -> C h r i s t Μ T h e i s e n Κ -> S t e m p f l e H U T h i e r y J -» W i n d l e r Ε T h o m a H A -> W a g n e r D T i c h y Μ -» M e l i c h a r Β T i m m e r J -> B a u e r J T i r a n A -» H a i w a c h s G T i s c h f i e l d J A --> B y e S T o r s e l l o G -> K n i e m e y e r H W T r a u n e r Μ -> S t a u b e r R E T r a y n o r - K a p l a n A E -> D o b o s G J T r i c k e r A R -+ E i n h a u s Μ T r ö b i n g e r G -> F ö g e r Β T r ö s t e r S -> B o d m a n n K F T s c h a i k o w s k y K, S i t t l R, B r a u n G G , H e r
i n g W, R ü g h e i m e r E : I n c r e a s e d f M e t -L e u - P h e r e c e p t o r e x p r e s s i o n a n d a l t e r e d s u p e r o x i d e p r o d u c t i o n of n e u t r o p h i l g r a n u l o c y t e s in s e p t i c a n d p o s t t r a u m a t i c p a t i e n t s 18
T s u t s u i Τ ->• T a k e d a Μ
U h l W -> B r i e g e l J U l l r i c h R -> S c h n e i d e r Τ U l r i c h W -> P e c h e r s t o r f e r Μ U m e m u r a S -> Y a s u d a G U n g i I -> N a g y I U r b a c h Η -> S c h r ö d e r R U s a d e l K-H -+ H a a k Τ U s m a n A -> B a y r a k t a r Μ
V a l l a n c e D - • S e e d Μ V e t r i e D -> F l i n t e r F V e t t e r Η -» D ü s i n g R V e t t e r Η -> F l e s c h Μ V e t t e r Η -> S c h m i t z U V e t t e r W -> G r e m i n g e r Ρ V e t t e r W -> J e c k Τ V i d a l - P u i g A , M u h o z - T o r r e s M , J o d a r - G i -
m e n o E, G a r c i a - C a l v e n t e C, L a r d e l l i P, R u i z - R e q u e n a M E , E s c o b a r - J i m e n e z F: H y p e r i n s u l i n e m i a in p o l y c y s t i c o v a r y
Syndrome: r e l a t i o n s h i p to c l i n i c a l a n d h o r m o n a l f a c t o r s 8 5 3
V i l l a b o n a C - * F e r n ä n d e z - R e a l J M V o b o r i l Ζ -> M e l i c h a r Β V o d e r h o l z e r U B a u e r J V o e l k e r W -+ K n i s e i W V o e l k e r W S p y r i d o p o u l o s I V o e l k e r W -> W a i d n e r T V o g e t s e d e r W , F i l l e M , P a t s c h e i d e r S , D i e -
r i c h M P , A l l e r b e r g e r F : M o l e c u l a r e p i d e m i o l o g y of t u b e r c u l o s i s in A u s t r i a 107
V o l b r a c h t L M a l e s s a R V o r d e r w i n k l e r K-P, J a k o b G , M a i r J , J u d -
m a i e r G , P u s c h e n d o r f B : U n c o u p l i n g o f a t r i a l n a t r i u r e t i c p e p t i d e a n d c y c l i c g u a n o s i n e 3 ' , 5 ' - m o n o p h o s p h a t e p r o d u c t i o n in p a t i e n t s w i t h l i v e r c i r r h o s i s 138
V o r o b i e v DV G r i g o r i e v A I V o s s A -> d e V r i e s J X V o s s A -> L ö f f l e r W d e V r i e s J X -> L ö f f l e r W d e V r i e s J X , V o s s A , I t t e n s o h n A , W a l t e r -
S a c k I, L ö f f l e r W, L a n d t h a l e r R, Z ö l l n e r Ν : I n t e r a c t i o n of a l l o p u r i n o l a n d h y d r o c h l o r o t h i a z i d e d u r i n g p r o l o n g e d o r a l a d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f b o t h d r u g s in n o r m a l s u b j e c t s . I I . K i n e t i c s o f a l l o p u r i n o l , o x -i p u r i n o l , a n d h y d r o c h l o r o t h i a z i d e 1 0 7 6
W a g e n b r e t h I -> W a g n e r D W a g n e r D, K e r n WV, K e r n Ρ : L i p o s o m a l
d o x o r u b i c i n in A I D S - r e l a t e d K a p o s i ' s s a r c o m a : l o n g - t e r m e x p e r i e n c e s 4 1 7
W a g n e r D, W a g e n b r e t h I, S t a c h a n - K u n -s t y r R, T h o m a H A , H e m m e r l i n g A E , F l i k J : H e p a t i t i s Β v a c c i n a t i o n o f i m -m u n o s u p p r e s s e d h e a r t t r a n s p l a n t r e c i p i e n t s w i t h t h e v a c c i n e H e p a G e n e 3 c o n t a i n i n g p r e - S 1 , p r e - S 2 , a n d S g e n e p r o d u c t s 350
W a g n e r D R , E c k e r t F, G r e s s e r U, L a n d t h a l e r M , M i d d e k e M , Z ö l l n e r Ν : D e p o s i t s of p a r a p r o t e i n in s m a l l v e s s e l s a s a c a u s e of s k i n u l c e r s in W a l d e n s t r o m ' s m a c r o g l o b u l i n e m i a 46
W a g n e r H-H -+ R a n k e C W a g n e r L -> S e x l V W a g n e r R, B o n i f a c i o E, B i n g i e y P J , G e n -
o v e s e S, R e i n w e i n D, B o t t a z z o G F : L o w i n t e r l e u k i n - 2 r e c e p t o r l e v e l s in s e r u m of p a t i e n t s w i t h i n s u l i n - d e p e n d e n t d i a b e t e s 4 9 4
W a g n e r T O F -> F l ü g e Τ W a h n V -> H o r n e f f G W a h n V J a b l o n o w s k i Η W a i d n e r T , F r a n z e n D, V o e l k e r W , R i t t e r Μ ,
B o r b e r g Η, H o m b a c h V, H ö p p HW, L D L A p h e r e s i s S t u d y G r o u p : T h e e f f e c t o f L D L a p h e r e s i s o n p r o g r e s s i o n of c o r o n a r y a r t e r y d i s e a s e in p a t i e n t s w i t h f a m i l i a l h y p e r c h o l e s t e r o l e m i a . R e s u l t s of a m u l t i c e n t e r L D L a p h e r e s i s s t u d y 8 5 8
W a l e w s k a - Z i e l e c k a Β -» H a b i o r A W a l l i A -> W i n d l e r Ε W a l t e r Η -+ B a l d u s Μ W a l t e r - S a c k I d e V r i e s J X W a l t e r - S a c k I L ö f f l e r W W a l t e r - S a c k I S c h l e n k e r T W a n g X, B a c h e r B, H ö l l t V : N i c o t i n e - i n
d u c e d g e n e e x p r e s s i o n of p r o e n k e p h a l -in in b o v i n e c h r o m a f f i n c e l l s 9 2 5
W a n i t s c h k e R -> H e r r W W a n i t s c h k e R -> H ö h l e r Τ W a n n e r C - » B a r t e n s W W a r d D -> D o b o s G J W a r n c k e Κ -+ E i n h a u s Μ W a s c h e r T C , H e r m a n n J , B r e z i n s c h e k H P ,
B r e z i n s c h e k R, W i l d e r s - T r u s c h n i g M , R a i n e r F, K r e j s G J : C e l l - t y p e s p e c i f i c r e s p o n s e of p e r i p h e r a l b l o o d l y m p h o c y t e s t o m e t h o t r e x a t e in t h e t r e a t m e n t of r h e u m a t o i d a r t h r i t i s 535
W e b e r Η -> H i r s c h l M M W e b e r J - » S c h r ö d e r R W e g e n e r Μ A d a m e k R J W e h l i n g Μ - • C h r i s t Μ W e h r m a n n Τ, K a t e r W, M a r l i n g h a u s E H ,
P e t e r s J , C a s p a r y W F : S h o c k w a v e t r e a t m e n t of s a l i v a r y d u c t s t o n e s : s u b s t a n t i a l p r o g r e s s w i t h a m i n i l i t h o t r i p t e r 6 0 4
W e i d i n g e r S - * P e c h e r s t o r f e r Μ W e i l l e r C M a l e s s a R W e i n e r t h J H e r r W W e i s s e i Μ E r l a c h e r L W e i s s E M -»· I se r G W e i s s e r Β - * J e c k Τ W e n i s c h C, E t z e r s d o r f e r E, B r e y e r S, G r a -
n i n g e r W : I n t r a v e n o u s t e i c o p l a n i n d o e s n o t p r e v e n t C l o s t r i d i u m d i f f i c i l e a s s o c i a t e d d i a r r h e a 922
W e r l e Ε - * B o e h m e M W J W e t t e r l i n g T, T e g t m e y e r K F : S e r u m ( ^ - a n
t i t r y p s i n a n d o c 2 - m a c r o g l o b u l i n in A l z h e i m e r ' s a n d B i n s w a n g e r ' s d i s e a s e 196
W e t t e r S -> H a g e n d o r f f A W i e b e l Μ -> M u l e y Τ W i e n b e c k Μ -+ A d a m e k R J W i e s h o l z e r Μ -> S e x l V W i l d e r s - T r u s c h n i g Μ -> H a i w a c h s G W i l d e r s - T r u s c h n i g Μ -> W a s c h e r T C W i l l e r s R -> J a b l o n o w s k i Η W i n d e r A -» S e e d Μ W i n d l e r Ε, E w e r s - G r a b o w U, T h i e r y J , W a l -
Ii A , S e i d e l D, G r e t e η Η : T h e p r o g n o s t i c v a l u e of h y p o c h o l e s t e r o l e m i a in h o s p i t a l i z e d p a t i e n t s 9 3 9
W i n t e r g e r s t U, N i i n i v a a r a - K r e u z e r K, N o t -h e i s G , A u b e r g e r K, B r ü c k m a n n C, G a n -d e n b e r g e r S, B e l o h r a d s k y B H : H i g h -d o s e i n t r a v e n o u s i m m u n o g l o b u l i n s in t h e t r e a t m e n t of a d o l e s c e n t a n d a d u l t H I V - i n f e c t e d h e m o p h i l i a c s 122
W i t t i g Β H e r r W W i t t T N -> D a n e k A W i t z k e Ο, K a s s u b e k J , B o n m a n n Ε, M ü s c h
Ε : C r y o g l o b u l i n e m i a : a c o m p l i c a t i o n of i n f e c t i o u s d i s e a s e 1048
W i z e m a n n V : H e m o d i a l y s i s : 70 y e a r s 720 Wo l f Ε -» H a r t e n Ρ W ö l f e l Τ, S c h i r m a c h e r Ρ, S c h i a a k J , K n o l l e
Ρ, D i e n e s H P , D i p p o l d W, M e y e r z u m B ü s c h e n f e l d e K H , G e r k e n G : S u s t a i n e d e l i m i n a t i o n of h e p a t i t i s Β v i r u s f r o m s e r u m i n d u c e d in a p a t i e n t w i t h c h r o n i c h e p a t i t i s Β a n d a d v a n c e d h u m a n i m m u n o d e f i c i e n c y v i r u s i n f e c t i o n 1 0 3 0
Wo l f f Μ -> G r o s s A J W o l f G -> S t a h l R A K
XI
Wo l f Ο , G l a s e r F, K u n t z C, L e h n e r t T : E n d o r e c t a l u l t r a s o u n d a n d l e i o m y o s a r c o m a of t h e r e c t u m 381
W o r m s l e y K G -> J o h n s t o n D A W r e n g e r Ε -> B r u n k h o r s t R
Y a s u d a G , Z i e r e r R, M a i o A , S h i o n i r i H, I s h i i M , U m e m u r a S A m m o n i u m u r a t e n e p h r o l i t h i a s i s in a v a r i a n t o f B a r t t e r ' s s y n d r o m e w i t h i n t a c t r e n a l t u b u l a r f u n c t i o n 385
Y u D -> K e l l n e r Η
Z a c h R -+ H a i w a c h s G Z a c h R -»> K a u f m a n n Ρ
Z a l ä n y i J r S -> N a g y I Z e h e t g r u b e r Μ -> H i r s c h l M M Z e i t z Μ S c h n e i d e r Τ Z i e g l e r R -> F e u s s n e r G Z i e g l e r R -> H a b e n i c h t A J R Z i e r e r R -> Y a s u d a G Z i e r z S - * M a u r e r I Z i e r z S -> O s t r o w i t z k i S Z i e r z S -»· S c h r ö d e r R Z i e r z S, M u n d e g a r R R , J e r u s a l e m F: B i o
c h e m i c a l e v i d e n c e f o r h e t e r o z y g o s i t y in m u s c u l a r c a r n i t i n e p a l m i t o y l t r a n s f e r a s e d e f i c i e n c y 77
Z i e r z S : L i m i t e d t r y p s i n p r o t e o l y s i s r e n d e r s c a r n i t i n e p a l m i t o y l t r a n s f e r a s e i n
s e n s i t i v e to i n h i b i t i o n b y m a l o n y l - C o A in p a t i e n t s w i t h m u s c l e c a r n i t i n e p a l m i t o y l t r a n s f e r a s e d e f i c i e n c y 957
Z i m m e r - R o t h I -» P e c h e r s t o r f e r Μ Z o l l e r W G -> S c h e w e C K Z ö l l n e r Ν -> d e V r i e s J X Z ö l l n e r Ν -+ L ö f f l e r W Z ö l l n e r Ν - • S c h e w e C K Z ö l l n e r Ν -> W a g n e r DR Z ö l l n e r Ν : A n e c d o t a l e v i d e n c e 8 1 5 Z ö l l n e r Ν : H a b e n t s u a f a t a l i b e l l i 937
I n d e x e d in Current Contents
a n d Index Medicus
Clin Inveslig (1994) 72:111-116 (3ΙθΟ£ΐΙ Original Article Investigator
<" Springer-Verlag 1994
Survival of patients receiving zidovudine before or after AIDS diagnosis: results of a German multicenter study German A I D S Study Group***
Summary. While efficacy of zidovudine (ZDV) in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is well established, the issue of survival after early Z D V treatment is still controversial. To assess survival benefits of Z D V treatment prior to A I D S , as compared to treatment after the onset of A I D S , we used an observational analysis of infected individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus treated wi th Z D V and/or prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prior to or after A I D S in comparison to patients never treated with Z D V Nine German A I D S treatment centers entered case reports dating from January 1988 to January 1992. A total of 1425 HIV-infected patients were included, mainly homo-/bisexuals: 1338 males and 87 females, wi th a mean age of 38.9 years. Of these, 262 had received Z D V prior to A I D S , 376 after A I D S , and 787 had never received Z D V Survival from a first CD4 lymphocyte count below 0.200 χ 109/1 (or below 0.500 χ 109/1) to death was assessed by means of Kaplan-Meier analysis. Survival did not differ significantly when the first CD4 count below 0.200 χ 109/1 was taken as baseline. The median survival of patients receiving Z D V prior to A I D S was 662 days as compared to 572 days in patients treated after A I D S . Patients with earlier therapy showed longer survival in a subset of patients who were observed
Abbreviations: A I D S = acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; H I V = human immunodeficiency virus (type 1); M A C S = Multicenter A I D S Cohort Study; PcP = Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; Z D V = zidovudine
*Participating centers (order according to number of patient's files in the study): Kamps Β, Brodt H R : Zentrum der Inneren Medizin, Univers i tä t Frankfurt: Arasteh K , Heise W : I I . Innere Abteilung, Auguste-Viktoria-Krankenhaus, Berl in; Sadri I , Goebel F - D : Medizinische Pol ikl inik , Univers i tä t M ü n c h e n ; Schedel I : Abtei lung Immunologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover; Runge J, Schwander S: Bernhard Nocht Institut für Tropenmedizin, Hamburg ; Jablonowski H , Szelenyi H : Medi zinische K l i n i k und Pol ik l in ik , Univers i t ä t Düsseldorf ; Em-minger C, Loch Ο : IV. Medizinische Abtei lung, Krankenhaus M ü n c h e n - S c h w a b i n g ; Schöfer H , Hochscheid I : Zentrum der Dermatologie, Univers i tä t Frankfurt ; Baumgarten R: Krankenhaus Prenzlauer Berg, Berlin • •Manuscr ip t preparation and corresponding address: J.R. Bogner
from their first CD4 count below 0.500 χ 109/1. Addit ional PcP prophylaxis significantly improved survival in all groups. We conclude that survival from the first CD4 count below 0.200 χ 109/1 to death does not differ in patients receiving Z D V prior to or after A I D S . Addit ional PcP prophylaxis improves survival in ZDV-treated patients and patients without Z D V
Key words: H I V - A I D S - Zidovudine - Survival - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis
The antiretroviral agent zidovudine (ZDV) has been shown to improve survival in individuals with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex [6, 15]. Moreover, the time of progression to A I D S is prolonged in patients receiving zidovudine in early-stage asymptomatic infection with human immunodeficiency virus [7]. Z D V - resistant strains of H I V have been identified mainly in patients treated for a period of at least 6 months [12] and the prevalence of strains showing resistance to Z D V seems to increase with duration of therapy [2]. The beneficial effect of Z D V on CD4 lymphocyte counts is known to occur in the first 3 months of therapy [3], and a return to baseline levels is commonly observed. These facts raise the question of how long HIV-infected individuals benefit from treatment with ZDV, especially i f they start treatment during the asymptomatic stages of H I V infection. There are conflicting results concerning this question in the recent literature [5, 11]. Hamil ton and colleagues [10] reported data from the Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study which revealed no significant prolongation of survival in a prospective trial of early treatment. Graham et al. [9] on the other hand, who analyzed data from the Multicenter A I D S Cohort Study in a retrospective observational analysis, supported the hypothesis that early treatment improves survival at up to 18 months observation period in addition to slowing the progression to A I D S [9]. Results of prospective clinical trials addressing the issue of survival after early ZDV, such as the Concorde trial
112
in Europe, and the continuation of the A I D S Clinical Trials Group protocols 016 and 019 [16] are not to be expected until 1993/1994. Therefore a retrospective observational analysis of survival seemed a reasonable tool to evaluate survival unt i l further prospective observations are available.
We performed a multicenter observational analysis of survival in patients receiving Z D V either before or after A I D S diagnosis, taking into account the effects of prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis.
Patients and methods Nine collaborating clinical centers in Germany performed a retrospective analysis of patients with H I V infection and A I D S . Files for each patient included sex, age, risk group, date of first C D 4 count below 0.200 χ 109/1, date of first CD4 count below 0.500 χ 109/1, date of treatment init iat ion, date of A I D S diagnosis, A I D S defining condition, date of PcP and/or relapse of PcP, date of first PcP prophylaxis, date of death, and date of last visit.
The first complete year of approval of Z D V in Germany was 1988. Therefore all files wi th a date of a first A I D S defining condition before January 1988 were excluded from the analysis. Thus, comparison of treatment groups to historical patients without Z D V therapy and systematic errors in evaluation were ruled out. Of 3180 reported files, 1425 fulfilled this criterion and were included in a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (January 1988 to January 1992). Only patients who developed A I D S at any time during the observation period were included for analysis ( < 0.200 χ 109/1 CD4 count to death). A CD4 count aobve 0.200 χ 109/1 was not necessary for inclusion (i.e., patients who first presented wi th a count below 0.200 χ 109/1 were also included for analysis). For 1010 patients absolute numbers of CD4 counts were also reported for the date of the first CD4 count below 0.200 χ 109/1.
For another 345 patients a CD4 count was available dating form the first CD4 count below 0.500 χ 109/1.
Only patients who had taken at least 50 g of Z D V were included in the treatment groups. This equaled a treatment period of 50-100 days depending on the daily dose, which tended to be higher in the early period after approval as compared to a standard dosage of 500 mg in 1990-1992. Assessment of treatment duration and reasons for interruption or cessation was not the objective of our study because an observational study additionally includes the practicability and feasability of therapy in a general clinical setting. PcP prophylaxis was given either as aerosolized pentamidine (n = 559, 93.5%), cotrimoxazole (n = 2, 0.3%), or fansidar (n = 37, 6.2%).
For analysis of survival on Z D V treatment patients were stratified into three groups: group 1, Z D V prior to A I D S ; group 2, no Z D V ; and group 3, Z D V after A I D S . For analysis of survival taking into account Z D V and PcP prophylaxis each group was dichotomized into patients receiving or not receiving PcP prophylaxis, as follows:
- Group l a : Z D V prior to A I D S , no PcP prophylaxis
- Group l b : Z D V prior to A I D S , PcP prophylaxis - Group 2a: no ZDV, no PcP prophylaxis - Group 2b: no ZDV, PcP prophylaxis - Group 3a: Z D V after A I D S diagnosis, no PcP
prophylaxis - Group 3b: Z D V after A I D S diagnosis, PcP pro
phylaxis
For a total of 1425 patients sufficient data could be included in the analysis. There were 87 females and 1338 males. The mean age was 38.9 + 9.6 years. There were 1123 (79%) homo/bisexual men and 157 (11%) intravenous drug users, 38 (3%) had received blood or blood products, 64 (4%) were heterosexuals, and for 43 (3%) the mode of infect ion with H I V remained unknown. The most frequent AIDS-defining diagnosis was PcP, occurring in 523 patients (37%), followed by Kaposi'sarcoma in 214 (15%) and esophageal candidiasis in 180 (13%). Patient groups 1 to 3 and subgroups a/b in our analysis did not differ significantly in sex, risk group distribution, age, or first AIDS-defining condition. Baseline characteristics of CD4 count, total leukocyte count and hemoglobin levels are shown in Table 1.
For survival analysis, actuarial survival probabil i ty curves were plotted according to the method of Kaplan and Meier, using the SPSS subroutine. Different survival curves and medians of survival were compared using the nonparametric generalized Lee-Desu test [13]. Analysis of baseline characteristics of different groups was performed by Student's t test and analysis of variance. Addit ionally, to determine the importance of different covariates a stepwise regression model was calculated.
A l l calculations were performed using the survival analysis routines of SPSS in the biometrics center of the German A I D S Study Group.
Results
Survival from first CD4 count below 0.200 x'l09/l to Death
A total of 638 patients received Z D V while 787 had not received Z D V for various reasons. Information on the reason of Z D V nontreatment was not in cluded in the report forms. In patients wi th known
113
T a b l e 1. Baseline characteristics of treatment groups
Group PcP pro η C D 4 cells Leukocytes Hemoglobin phylaxis ( x 109/1) ( x 109/1) (g/1)
Z D V pr ior to A I D S 1 262 0.076 + 0.055* 4.10+1.77*'*** 123 + 20** la No 105 0.070 ± 0 . 0 5 9 3.80+1.85 118 + 24 l b Yes 157 0.079 ± 0 . 0 5 3 4.38 ± 1 . 6 7 128+ 15
N o Z D V 2 787 0.060 + 0.054 5.19 + 2.99 119 +19*** 2a N o 602 0.061 ± 0 . 0 5 4 5.24 + 2.83 119+19 2b Yes 185 0.059 ± 0 . 0 5 3 5.01 ± 3 . 5 5 119+ 19
Z D V after A I D S 3 376 0.067 + 0.055 4.70 + 2.32 1 2 4 ± 19 3a No 120 0.065 ± 0 . 0 5 0 4.58 + 2.31 118 + 18 3b Yes 256 0.068 ± 0 . 0 5 7 4.75 + 2.33 125 + 1 9
* Ρ < 0.01 versus group 2; ** P < 0 .05 versus group 2, *** Ρ < 0.05 versus group 3
reason the most frequent explanation was refusal because of possible adverse effects. However, baseline characteristics (Table 1) demonstrate that leukocyte counts were higher in patients without ZDV, and that anemia is an unlikely reason for nontreatment because patients in group 2 showed only slightly lower hemoglobin levels compared to treatment groups (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival curves are given in Fig. 1.
Median survival of patients in group 1 was 662 days compared to 273 days in group 2 (P < 0.001) and 572 days in group 3 (P < 0.001, versus group 2). Group 1 versus group 3 showed no significant difference. Baseline CD4 counts of groups 1 and 3 were not significantly different (0.076 χ 109
± 0.055 versus 0.067 χ 109 ± 0.055/1; NS) while groups 1 and 2 showed a mean difference of
0.016 χ 109/1 (0.076 χ 10 9 + 0.055/1 versus 0.060 χ 10 9 ± 0.054/1; Ρ < 0.001).
The median time from start of treatment with Z D V to A I D S was 301 days in group 1. The median time from A I D S diagnosis to init iat ion of Z D V treatment was 61 days in group 3. The average CD4 count at ini t iat ion of therapy was 0.130 + 0.106 ± χ 109/1 in group 1 (known for η = 151) and 0.076 + 078 χ 109/1 in group 3 (n = 271).
Survival from first CD4 count below 0.500 x'l09/lto death
For 349 patients the date and absolute count of a first CD4 value below 0.500 χ 109/1 were available. Nineteen of 80 patients who received early Z D V at
1.0
0 . 8
0 . 6 -
> 0 . 4 -
0 . 2 -
5 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 5 0 0
Fig. 1. Effect of Z D V on survival of patients wi th H I V infection in days from a first C D 4 lymphocyte count below 0.200 χ 109/1 to death as estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. There is no significant difference between treatment groups 1 (early Z D V prior to A I D S diagnosis, - ; η — 262, median 662 days) and 3 ( Z D V after A I D S , - · · - ; η = 376, median 572 days). Both groups show longer survival than patients never treated wi th Z D V (group 2, ; η = 787, median 273 days)
0 . 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 5 0 0
Fig. 2. Effect of Z D V on survival of a subset patients in days from a first C D 4 lymphocyte count below 0.500 χ 109/1 to death as estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Significant survival advantage for patients on early Z D V (prior to A I D S ) . - Z D V prior to A I D S (n = 80); , no Z D V (n = 241); - · · - Z D V after A I D S diagnosis (n = 28)
114
0 . 0 -I , , » , 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 5 0 0
0 . 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 5 0 0
F i g . 3 a - c . Addi t iona l effect of prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on survival (days) of patients wi th H I V infect ion from a first C D 4 lymphocyte count below 0.200 χ 109/1 to death as estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. - - , No PcP prophylaxis; - , PcP prophylaxis, a Group 1, Z D V prior to A I D S . Significant difference (P < 0.005) between no PcP prophylaxis (/? = 105, median 548 days) and PcP prophylaxis (/? = 157, median 690 days), b Group 2, no Z D V . Significant difference (P < 0.0001) between no PcP prophylaxis (n = 602, median 229 days) and PcP prophylaxis (n = 185, median 402 days), c Group 1, Z D V after A I D S diagnosis. Significant difference (P < 0.0001) between no PcP prophylaxis (n = 120, median 484 days) and PcP prophylaxis (n — 256, median 665 days)
a baseline CD4 count of 0.351 χ 109 ± 0.082/1 (mean CD4 count at Z D V start date 0.313 χ 109 + 0.125/1) eventually developed A I D S . Four patients in this group died during the observation period (Fig. 2). in contrast, 15 of 28 patients who were started on Z D V after AIDS diagnosis (mean CD4 count at start of observation period 0.321 χ 109 + 0.068/1; mean CD4 count at Z D V start date 0.239 χ 109 + 0.216/1; NS versus group 1) died during the observation period. Survival was significantly prolonged in group 1 versus groups 2 and 3 (Fig. 2).
Zidovudine treatment and combination with PcP prophylaxis
Of the 1425 patients 598 had received PcP prophylaxis and 827 had not. Median survival and Kaplan-Meier plots are given in Fig. 3. The baseline status of the six groups is reported in Table 1. Each group receiving PcP prophylaxis showed longer median survival compared to the corresponding group without prophylaxis. Patients re
ceiving Z D V had an additional survival benefit from PCP prophylaxis (Fig. 3). The number of PcP episodes differed significantly in patients with (53 episodes of PcP) and without (355 episodes of PcP) prophylaxis (P < 0.001). This was also true when the three groups were analyzed separately: group l a versus l b , 32 versus 19 episodes (P < 0.001); group 2a versus 2b, 260 versus 16 episodes (P < 0.001); and group 3a versus group 3b, 63 versus 18 episodes (P < 0.001).
Stepwise regression was performed to determine the relative importance of different treatment parameters. Z D V therapy, PcP prophylaxis, age, and sex were introduced stepwise into the model. The most powerful predictor for survival was Z D V use, followed by PcP prophylaxis and age, while sex did not affect survival.
Discussion
To determine whether early treatment with ZDV, i.e., prior to the onset of A I D S , alters the natural history and survival of HIV-infected individuals we
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performed an observational method using data from nine major A I D S clinics and hospitals in Germany. Z D V use was defined as treatment with at least 50 g, equaling a treatment period of 50-100 days. This definition was chosen for practical reasons and seems appropriate in an observational setting because assessment of treatment duration and reasons for interruption or cessation cannot be the objective of a study designed on an observational basis [8]. The practicability and feasability of therapy in a general clinical setting is already included in this type of analysis.
Unlike other reported studies, we determined survival from the time defined by CD4 count to death, instead of A I D S to death or treatment initiat ion to death. Thus we achieved comparability of different groups. In other recently published studies on the subject of survival prolongation by Z D V no statements on baseline comparability are included [4, 14]. Buira and colleagues [4] from the Barcelona area in Spain analyzed a cohort of 629 adult patients. They compared a group of patients treated wi th Z D V to another group of patients who refused treatment or were diagnosed before Z D V became available. They found age, risk group, and A I D S manifestation to be independent predictors of survival in addition to Z D V use. The CD4 lymphocyte counts as an important prognostic marker was not taken into account. Thus, the conclusion that patients treated with Z D V may benefit at least during 3 years may have been drawn from comparison of groups with different baseline CD4 status.
The effect of Z D V on survival of hemophiliacs was recently investigated by Ragni and colleagues [14]. In addition to a slowed progression to A I D S in ZDV-treated patients, they reported that patients treated with Z D V experienced improved survival after the onset of A I D S . Taken together, this means a survival advantage for patients treated with Z D V prior to A I D S . However, treatment groups were not stratified according to their CD4 counts at baseline, and, in addition to the effect of ZDV, survival was influenced by improvement of diagnostic and therapeutic management of opportunistic infections and by PcP prophylaxis because "historical" as well as "ZDV-era" patients were included in this analysis.
Data from the Multicenter A I D S Cohort Study (MACS) reported by Graham et al. [9] showed a delay of A I D S and an improved survival at 6, 12, and 18 months in the early treatment group; analysis at 24 months did not reveal improvement of survival in patients treated before the onset of A I D S . While the participants were evaluated at intervals of 6 months, in our study data were collected mostly at treatment centers where patients were
seen continuously for routine follow-up and laboratory controls.
In a prospective trial of the Veterans Affairs Administration, Hamil ton and coworkers [10] reported a delayed progression to A I D S but early Z D V - i.e., prior to A I D S - versus late Z D V did not result in a survival benefit. A high daily dosage of 1500 mg and the possible hematological adverse effects have been cited by discussants [9] as a possible reason for the missing survival advantage. Low dosage (500 mg/day) of Z D V became widely used in Germany in 1990, and a high percentage of patients in our study were presumably treated on low-dose ZDV. Nevertheless, a survival advantage was not detected in the early-treatment group when a first C D 4 count below 0.200 χ 109/1 was taken as baseline. The high dose used in the Veterans Affairs Study may not have influenced survival in patients treated prior to A I D S . Possible reasons for the missing survival advantage in treatment prior to A I D S may be loss of efficacy after long-term treatment and limited duration of CD4 count improvement. However, in our study both groups ( Z D V prior and Z D V after A I D S ) were evaluated relatively late in the course of their disease. A baseline CD4 count above 0.200 χ 109/1 was not included in the analysis as it was not the aim of the study to follow patient's courses prior to that point. A n underestimation of survival for patients who perhaps had remained below 0.200 χ 109/1 prior to inclusion is not to be expected because mean baseline counts were comparable. Thus, regarding the given baseline characteristics, a possible over- or underestimation of survival would apply to all groups. Other contributing factors such as a closer follow-up because of treatment may play a part but cannot be ruled out in an observational retrospective analysis. Even if a survival benefit was due to a more frequent examination, necessary because of treatment, the result would suggest an association wi th the compound used - a question which cannot be answered by placebo-controlled trials, and which favors observational methodology.
A group of patients was analysed for whom data regarding early therapy were available. In this subset of patients early treatment with Z D V prolonged survival from a first CD4 count below 0.500 χ 109/1 when therapy was implemented prior to A I D S diagnosis. However, the small number of patients who received Z D V after the onset of A I D S in this analysis may be a reason why no difference was found between Z D V and no Z D V after A I D S . One reason for a lack of efficacy in survival prolongation after long-term Z D V may be found in Z D V -resistant H I V strains. The clinical significance of ZDV-resistant strains in long-term therapy must still be evaluated, but this objective should be part
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of a prospective trial. The Concorde trial and the continuation of the A I D S Clinical Trials Group 019 protocol wi l l hopefully contribute data to the issues of survival prolongation and virus resistance.
Preliminary data from the Concorde trial [1] reporting that in asymptomatic patients the immediate use of Z D V shows no significant profit compared to a group with deferred treatment include only 103 patients wi th CD4 counts less than 0.200 χ 109/1. In this subset of patients (as in the whole trial) there was no significant difference in the number of clinical events such as progression to A I D S or death [1]. This finding is in accordance with our results, despite a completely different methodology. In our study the inclusion criterion of first date wi th less than 0.200 χ 109/1 CD4 lymphocytes led to evaluation of the late courses of H I V infection. The time course from Z D V implementation to the baseline date of first C D 4 count below 0.200 χ 109/1 was not included in our analysis. Our early treatment group was started on Z D V at a median of 301 days prior to the onset of A I D S . Early benefits of Z D V occurring in this interval therefore tend to be under- estimated.
As the independent effect of PcP prophylaxis in preventing PcP in patients receiving Z D V simultaneously contributes to changes of morbi t i ty and survival, we assessed the additional effect of PcP prophylaxis. A n important result of the M A C S analysis showed that most of the treatment effect of combined Z D V therapy and PcP prophylaxis was attributable to Z D V and not to PcP prophylaxis [9]. Our survival analysis in groups receiving early ZDV, no ZDV, and late Z D V suggests that PcP prophylaxis is beneficial for survival in early Z D V treatment as well as late treatment.
Being well aware of the retrospective nature of our observational study and the limitations of a possible bias, we conclude from our data that the survival from a first CD4 count below 0.200 χ 109/ 1 to death is not different in patients receiving Z D V before or after development of A I D S . Both groups show better survival compared wi th patients wi thout Z D V treatment. Addit ional PcP prophylaxis definitely improves survival in ZDV-treated patients and patients without ZDV. This is true in early Z D V treatment as well as in late treatment.
Acknowledgements. Special thanks are extended to H . Skarabis, PhD (Freie Univers i tä t Berlin) and to B. S c h w a r t l ä n d e r ( A I D S -Zentrum des B G A ) for statistical and epidemiogical assistance. This research was supported by the German Federal Health Ministery, grant no. A Z 324-4476-08/27.
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Received: A p r i l 20, 1993 Returned for revision: June 7, 1993 Accepted: August 25, 1993
Secretary of the G A S G Priv.-Doz. Dr . J.R. Bogner Medizinische Polikl inik Pettenkoferstrasse 8a D-80336 M ü n c h e n Germany
