Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, &...

54
Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori IyeNAOJ1) Subaru Telescope ) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics ) 30m telescope TMT 1 Subaru, AO, TMT」、 110608ICRR seminarMasanori Iye(NAOJ)

Transcript of Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, &...

Page 1: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT

Masanori Iye(NAOJ)

1) Subaru Telescope2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics3) 30m telescope TMT

1「Subaru, AO, TMT」、 110608、 ICRR seminar、 Masanori Iye(NAOJ)

Page 2: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

Subaru Telescope, its Science Achievements

2「Subaru, AO, TMT」、 110608、 ICRR seminar、 Masanori Iye(NAOJ)

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Enclosure Φ40m, H42m, 2500ton

400M$, 16yr for prep+construction, completion in19994

Page 4: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

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Active mirror control experiment on

a 62cm mirror supported by 12 actuators

Page 5: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

Corning

ULE

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First mathematical

problem :

Find the best

configuration to

distribute 55 segments

with different CTE to

form a monolithic

mirror with minimum

thermal deformation

~ 55! combinations to

examine.

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Glass transportation to Pittsburgh

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Contraves

underground

optics facility

needed 30m

span

no wind shake

no diurnal tilt

no traffic

vibration

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Four years of patient polishing

「Subaru, AO, TMT」、 110608、 ICRR seminar、 Masanori Iye(NAOJ)

Page 10: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

Aug.199813nm rms figure error achieved

Page 11: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

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First light sensitivity comparison

• (左)すばる60分 (右)ハッブル70分

すばる 60分, 28等級 勝負は引き分け ハッブル 70分 28等級

Page 12: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

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Weak lensing by a cluster of galaxies

Miyazaki

Miyazaki in Iye et al.(2000)

Page 13: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

• Looking far is looking back in time

「Subaru, AO, TMT」、ICRR seminar、Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 15

Page 14: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

4m telescopes

8m telescopes

CCD

Most distant galaxies in history

IOK-1(Iye et

al 2006)

130

129

127

125

121

115

103

77

億年quasar

galaxy(radio)

galaxy(opt)

16

Re

dsh

ift

Page 15: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

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NB filters for SuprimeCam

OH band emission

NB973New

CCD

Old CCD

Page 16: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

Only one among

41,533 objects

Exposure 15 hrs

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Page 17: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

The most distant galaxy at 12.88Glyr IOK-1

Filter

IOK-1 after Iye, Ota, &

Kashikawaz=6.964

12.88Gyr ago

Hydrogen Lyman α emission

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High-z galaxy list 10/21で1498日目

Tens of LAE at z=6.6 but only one

LAE at z= 7.0.

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職員みんなの天文学レクチャー「ボケに利く天文学」 、 家正則、 2010.5.19

Lehnert et al.(2010) z=8.55? Iye et al.(2006) z=6.96

UDFy-38135539 IOK-1

Low S/N data

Page 20: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

職員みんなの天文学レクチャー「ボケに利く天文学」 、 家正則、 2010.5.19 24

Page 21: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

High redshift galaxies

25

Page 22: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

Many brilliant Japanese Supernovae

burst in Early Universe Studies

• N.Kashikawa

• M.Ouchi

• K.Shimasaku

• K.Ota

• N.Yoshida

• K.Omukai

• A.Inoue

• M.Kobayashi

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Japan Strategy

Subaru SuprimeCam

V

HyperSuprimeCam

V

TMT

Page 23: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

視野比べ

HST WFC3

SuprimeCamHyperSuprimeCam

Page 24: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

Cosmic Reionization History

再電離完了

Neutral hydrogen

absorbs Lyman α

photons making the

detection of LAEs

difficult

Twilight

End of dawn

「Subaru, AO, TMT」、 110608、 ICRR seminar、 Masanori Iye(NAOJ)Redshift

Ne

utr

al

hyd

rog

en

fra

cti

on

Page 25: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

Big Bang

Recombination

(0.38My, z=1000)

最初の原始銀河(2億年後?)

Cosmic Dawn

(0.8Gy,z~7)

Hot Cool Warm

Dark Age

Reionzed by stars

Subaru studiesCMB

Loeb 2006

Present(13.7Gy,z=0)

Galaxy evolution

Metal free stars

Origin of life

Primordial galaxies

(2Gy, z~20?)

Looking at Cosmic Dawn

First Stars

「Subaru, AO, TMT」、 110608、 ICRR seminar、 Masanori Iye(NAOJ)

Page 26: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

Laser guide star

Adaptive Optics

32「Subaru, AO, TMT」、 110608、 ICRR seminar、 Masanori Iye(NAOJ)

Page 27: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

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12.9 Gyr

=40,0000,0000,0000, 0000sec

Last 0.001sec

光子(photon)

The last milli second of photon’s long journey

blurs its beauty

Page 28: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

Wavefront sensor

Deformable mirror

Real time control

Adaptive Optics

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Guide star

Target object

Distorted

wavefront

Electronics

Corrected

wavefrontScience

Camera

Wavefront

Sensor

IROpt

Deformable

Mirror

Telescope

Turbulence

Page 29: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

First light of AO188(2006/10/9)

AO off (0.6arcsec) 2.2μm AO on (0.063arcsec)

AO188 improved the PSF of 400M$ Subaru

Telescope at an additional 7M$ investment.

36「Subaru, AO, TMT」、 110608、 ICRR seminar、 Masanori Iye(NAOJ)

Page 30: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

Orion Trapezium

1”

AO188

With AO188 (2006)

Without AO (1999)

37

Page 31: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

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Wavefront sensors

Shack-Hartmann

wavefront sensor:

1st order derivative

Curvature

wavefront sensor:

2nd order derivative

Spot

displace-

ment vector

distribution

carries tilt

signal

Illuminotion

distribution

carries

curvature

signal

Page 32: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

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Wavefront sensor

wavefront sensing at 188 subapertures

Page 33: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

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Functioning Principles of Deformable mirrors

Stacked piezo rods:

Used with Shack-

Hartmann sensor for

high order correction

Bi-morph piezo

sheet :

Used with curvature

sensor for

medium/low order

correction

Page 34: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

Deformable mirror with 188 electrodes.

Diameter : 90 mm

Speed :200Hz

Price : 200k$ (CILAS)

188 Electrode distribution

Designed by NAOJ

Deformation of DM

41

Page 35: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

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Image improvement in the AO188 fisrt light (2006)

AO on

AO offBand : 2.2miron

Seeing : 0.4 arcsec

Corrected Image :

0.07 arcsec

Page 36: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

Generate an

artificial guide star

by illuminating the

sodium layer at

90km height using

a special 6W laser

shining at 589nm.

Laser guide AO system

43

Artificial starSodium

Layer

Sodium

Laser

Laser

Launching

Telescope Fiber Optics

Page 37: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

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Non linear optics crystal

Sum frequency sodium laser

RIKEN/NAOJ

Page 38: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

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Laser guide star shining at 90km height

Fine tuning the frequency to sodium D2 line at 0.1ppm level

LGS Generation Verification Experiment(Oct 2005)

Page 39: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

No star wars.

T.Fuse 2009

47「Subaru, AO, TMT」、 110608、 ICRR seminar、 Masanori Iye(NAOJ)

Page 40: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

Orbits of stars around SMBH in GC

Orbital motion of

stars around Sgr A*

indicates a BH of

about million times

the mass of the

Sun

48「Subaru, AO, TMT」、 110608、 ICRR seminar、 Masanori Iye(NAOJ)

Page 41: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

Flickering of infalling gas onto BH in the GC

Subaru AO36

2008 May 28

Nishiyama et al.

(2009)

49「Subaru, AO, TMT」、 110608、 ICRR seminar、 Masanori Iye(NAOJ)

Page 42: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

Exoplanet candidates GJ758B,C

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• Jupitor like planet

around a sun like star

Page 43: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

Other applications of AO

• Remote sensing

• Retinal imaging

• Laser surgery

• Laser Communication

• Laser cutter

• Laser nuclear fusion

• Guiding lightening

• Purification of Uranium

w/o AO w AO

Center for Vision Science

Vision cells

51「Subaru, AO, TMT」、 110608、 ICRR seminar、 Masanori Iye(NAOJ)

Page 44: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

Thirty Meter Telescope

52「Subaru, AO, TMT」、 110608、 ICRR seminar、 Masanori Iye(NAOJ)

Page 45: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

Thirty Meter Telescope

First stars and cosmic dawn

2nd Earth, Life in other planets

Dark energy, Cosmology constants

1.5m segments x 492

Construction 1.3B$

FL 2019 End?

NAOJ, Caltech, Univ.California

ACURA, AURA, NAOC, India

53

Page 46: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

16 m

GROUND

LEVEL

23 m

EL

AXIS

46.59

m

M2

VERTEX

50.56

m

17.5

R

27.6

R

1.8 m

Page 47: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

ATCセミナー

IRIS

MOBIE

IRMS

Instrument layout

First light instruments

Other instruments

2009/12/2555

Page 48: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

Okayama 1.88m 8.2m Subaru 30m TMT

R<24 (1987)

z<2 R<28 (2000)

z<7 R<33? (2019?)

Z< 17?

Light collecting

power =x13

Spatial resol’n =x3.6

Efficiency =x180

Evolution of telescopes Masanori Iye(NAOJ)

56

Page 49: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

R~33 A firefly on the dark side of the

Moon.(~10mW), 1 hour exposure on TMT with

LGSAO

57

Page 50: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

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New frontier for TMT

Frontier for Subaru

Cosmic re-ionization

at 0.8Gyr (Subaru)

Cosmic

recombination

at 0.38Myr (WMAP)

Big bang

Dark Age:

First starsAcceleration of cosmic expansion

Evolution of galaxies,

stars, planets, and life

Page 51: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

Direct measurement of cosmic expansion history

to quantify the dark energy property

60

Redshift

measurement

Redshift

measurement

10yrs later

10Gyr 5Gyr 1Gyr

Needs precision at 1cm/sec

50cm/sec precision is becoming

feasible for stellar Doppler

measurement is

「Subaru, AO, TMT」、 110608、 ICRR seminar、 Masanori Iye(NAOJ)

Acceleration?

DecelarationRedshift

increases by

1/1.3billion in

10 years.

Page 52: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

Planets in habitable zone

Search for biomarkers in the atmosphere

62「Subaru, AO, TMT」、ICRR

seminar、Masanori Iye(NAOJ)

Page 53: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

Composition analysis of atmosphere

63

Biomarkers: oxygen

molecules etc.?

Other Sun

Other Sun’s

spectrum

Planet

atmospheric

absorption

lines

Page 54: Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT › icrr_seminar › seminars11 › ICRR...Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT Masanori Iye(NAOJ) 1) Subaru Telescope 2) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

250M$

Gordon Moore (Intel)

NAOJ donation site

from 10$

64Subaru, LGSAO, TMT, 110608, ICRR seminar、Masanori Iye(NAOJ)

All we need is money …, but

East Japan Earthquake & Disaster …