This publication represents the views and expertopinions of an IARC Working Group on the

Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans,which met in Lyon, 20–27 March 2018

LYON, FRANCE - 2019

STYRENE, STYRENE-7,8-OXIDE,

AND QUINOLINE VOLUME 121

IARC MONOGRAPHS ON THE EVALUATION

OF CARCINOGENIC RISKS TO HUMANS

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

8-OHdG 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine8-oxodGuo 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosineABS acrylonitrile–butadiene–styreneAC50 concentration for half-maximal activityAhR aryl hydrocarbon receptorALL acute lymphoblastic/lymphocytic leukaemiaAML acute myeloid leukaemiaAR androgen receptorBALF bronchioloalveolar lavage fluidBrdU bromodeoxyuridineBSO buthionine sulfoximinebw body weightCAS Chemical Abstracts ServiceCI confidence intervalCLL chronic lymphocytic leukaemiaCML chronic myeloid leukaemiaCYP cytochrome P450DAD diode array detectionDEG differentially expressed geneDMDTC dimethyldithiocarbamateDMSO dimethylsulfoxideEPA United States Environmental Protection AgencyEPA expandable polystyreneER estrogen receptorFCM food-contact materialFD fluorescence detectorFDA United States Food and Drug AdministrationFID flame ionization detectorFpg formamido pyrimidine glycosylaseFT3 free triiodothyronineFT4 free thyroxineGC gas chromatographyGC×GC two-dimensional gas chromatography

341

342

IARC MONOGRAPHS – 121

GLP good laboratory practiceGM geometric meanGSH glutathioneGSSG oxidized glutathioneGST glutathione S-transferaseHL Hodgkin lymphomaHLA-G human leukocyte antigen GHPLC high-performance liquid chromatographyHPRT hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferaseHR hazard ratioIARC International Agency for Research on CancerJEM job-exposure matrixLALN lung-associated lymph nodeLC liquid chromatographyL-NAC L-N-acetylcysteineLOD limit of detectionLOQ limit of quantitationLPO lipid peroxidationLPS lipopolysaccharideLSE low styrene emissionM1 N-acetyl-S-(1-phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteineM2 N-acetyl-S-(2-phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteineMA mandelic acidMDA malondialdehydeMEF murine embryonic fibroblastMM multiple myelomaMN micronucleusMNCPES Minnesota Children's Pesticide Exposure StudyMS mass spectrometryMS/MS tandem mass spectrometryN3αA 3-(2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl)adenineN3βA 3-(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)adenineNAC N-acetylcysteineNHANES United States National Health and Nutrition Examination SurveyNHL non-Hodgkin lymphomaNIOSH United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthNK natural killerNSA non-Swiss albinoNVS NovaScreenOR odds ratioPAC polycyclic aromatic compoundsPAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonPFC plaque-forming cellPGA phenylglyoxylic acidPGE2 prostaglandin E2

PGF2α prostaglandin F2α

PHEMA phenylhydroxyethylmercapturic acidPM2.5 airborne particulate matter of diameter less than 2.5 µmppb parts per billionppm parts per million

343

List of abbreviations

PS polystyrenePT purge-and-trapQC quality controlROS reactive oxygen speciesRR relative riskRSD relative standard deviationSAN styrene–acrylonitrileSBL styrene–butadiene latexSBR styrene–butadiene rubbersHLA-G soluble human leukocyte antigen GSIM selected ion monitoringSIR standardized incidence ratioSMR standardized mortality ratioSOD superoxide dismutaseSPE solid-phase extractionTox21 Toxicity Testing in the 21st CenturyToxCast Toxicity ForecasterTPA 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetateTRH thyrotrophin-releasing hormoneTSH thyroid-stimulating hormoneTWA time-weighted averageUPR unsaturated polyester resinsUV ultravioletVOC volatile organic carbon