STUDY OF MOLDS (FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS) AND YEASTS (SINGLE CELLS WHICH PRODUCE PROGENY BY BUDDING,...

21
STUDY OF MOLDS (FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS) AND YEASTS (SINGLE CELLS WHICH PRODUCE PROGENY BY BUDDING, USUALLY) EUKARYOTES, PRIMITIVE PLANTS, 5-10 μM DIAMETER 30 MEGA BASE PAIR GENOMES; SEVERAL CHROMOSOMES; 5,000 GENES CELL WALL WITH CHITIN (N-ACETYL GLUCOSEAMINE POLYSACCHARIDE), ABSORPTIVE NUTRITION, LACK CHLOROPHYLL, NO PHOTOSYNTHESIS FORM SPORES, NON-MOTILE, TOLERATE DRYNESS, HIGH OSMOTIC PRESSURE, ACID AND ALKALINE ENVIRONMENTS SAPROPHYTES - DECAY DEAD CREATURES (& PERMIT RECYLCING) - RELEASE HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES WHICH DIGEST EXTERNAL FOOD MYCOLOGY - 1

Transcript of STUDY OF MOLDS (FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS) AND YEASTS (SINGLE CELLS WHICH PRODUCE PROGENY BY BUDDING,...

Page 1: STUDY OF MOLDS (FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS) AND YEASTS (SINGLE CELLS WHICH PRODUCE PROGENY BY BUDDING, USUALLY)  EUKARYOTES, PRIMITIVE PLANTS, 5-10 μM DIAMETER.

STUDY OF MOLDS (FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS) AND YEASTS (SINGLE CELLS WHICH PRODUCE PROGENY BY BUDDING,

USUALLY)  EUKARYOTES, PRIMITIVE PLANTS, 5-10 μM

DIAMETER 30 MEGA BASE PAIR GENOMES; SEVERAL

CHROMOSOMES; 5,000 GENES

CELL WALL WITH CHITIN (N-ACETYL GLUCOSEAMINE POLYSACCHARIDE),

ABSORPTIVE NUTRITION, LACK CHLOROPHYLL, NO PHOTOSYNTHESIS FORM SPORES, NON-MOTILE, TOLERATE DRYNESS, HIGH OSMOTIC PRESSURE,

ACID AND ALKALINE ENVIRONMENTS SAPROPHYTES - DECAY DEAD CREATURES (&

PERMITRECYLCING) - RELEASE HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES

WHICH DIGEST EXTERNAL FOOD

MYCOLOGY -1

Page 2: STUDY OF MOLDS (FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS) AND YEASTS (SINGLE CELLS WHICH PRODUCE PROGENY BY BUDDING, USUALLY)  EUKARYOTES, PRIMITIVE PLANTS, 5-10 μM DIAMETER.

MOLDS - LONG, BRANCHED FILAMENTS - HYPHAE

COENOCYTIC - NO PERPENDICULAR CROSS WALLS

SEPTATE - WITH CROSS WALLS WITH PORESGROW BY EXTENSION, BRANCHINGMYCELIUM - MASS OF HYPHAE - COLONYSPORES - DORMANT, CAN GERMINATE

  YEASTS -

UNICELLULAR, SINGLE NUCLEUS, BUD PROGENY(USUALLY)

  DIMORPHIC FUNGI - SOME WHICH CAUSE DISEASE -

YEAST FORM IN THE ANIMAL, FILAMENTOUS FORM ON

CULTURE MEDIA

2

Page 3: STUDY OF MOLDS (FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS) AND YEASTS (SINGLE CELLS WHICH PRODUCE PROGENY BY BUDDING, USUALLY)  EUKARYOTES, PRIMITIVE PLANTS, 5-10 μM DIAMETER.

REPRODUCTION

ASEXUAL - MITOSIS FOLLOWED BY:TRANSVERSE CELL WALL FORMATION FORMING TWO

EQUAL DAUGHTER CELLS BINARY FISSION

BUDDING FORMING MOTHER CELL AND NEW BUDTRANSVERSE CELL WALL FORMATION FORMING SPORES

WITHINA HYPHA OR AT THE END

SEXUAL – HOMOTHALLIC - SELF-FERTILIZING, COMPATIBLE

GAMETES ONTHE SAME MYCELIUM

HETEROTHALLIC - CROSSING BETWEEN DIFFERENT BUTCOMPATIBLE MYCELIA. HAPLOID GAMETES FUSE;

DIPLOIDGAMETES; MEIOSIS, HAPLOID SPORES

3

Page 4: STUDY OF MOLDS (FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS) AND YEASTS (SINGLE CELLS WHICH PRODUCE PROGENY BY BUDDING, USUALLY)  EUKARYOTES, PRIMITIVE PLANTS, 5-10 μM DIAMETER.

ZYGOMYCETESCOENOCYTIC - HAPLOID NUCLEI, HYPHA RHIZOIDS EXTEND DOWN INTO SUBSTRATE, ABSORB NUTRIENTSSTOLONS - ERECT HYPHAE, FORM SPORANGIA WITH BLACK

SPORANGIOSPORESE.G., COMMON BLACK BREAD MOLD: RHIZOPUS NIGRICANS

ASCOMYCETESSEPTATE HYPHAE, CONIDIOSPORES AT END OF CONIDIOPHOREASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS -

UBIQUITOUS - HOMES, ALLERGIC REACTIONS, ASTHMA, SINUSITIS,OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGEN ESPECIALLY IN HIV+ PEOPLE

ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS - AFLATOXINSPENICILLIUM NOTATUM - FIRST PENICILLINPENICILLIUM ROQUEFORTI – CHEESE SOFTENING/RIPENINGCLAVICEPS PURPUREA - ERGOT OF RYE – PLANT DISEASE

ERGOTISM IN PEOPLE - ERGOT TOXIN - CONTAINS LYSERGIC ACID-USED TO SYNTHESIZE LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE -LSD VASOCONSTRICTION - GANGRENE, AMPUTATIONS NEUROTRANSMISSION - SEVERE BURNING SENSATION;

HALLUCINATIONS, CONVULSIONS, DEATHCOMMON – EUROPE – MIDDLE AGES

4

Page 5: STUDY OF MOLDS (FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS) AND YEASTS (SINGLE CELLS WHICH PRODUCE PROGENY BY BUDDING, USUALLY)  EUKARYOTES, PRIMITIVE PLANTS, 5-10 μM DIAMETER.

5

BASIDIOMYCETES

MUSHROOMS - DIPLOID HYPHAE GROWING IN SOIL ASSEMBLE TO PUSH THROUGH SOIL;

FORM CAP UNDER WHICH BASIDIOSPORES DEVELOP

EDIBLE, BUT MUSHROOM POISONING

Page 6: STUDY OF MOLDS (FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS) AND YEASTS (SINGLE CELLS WHICH PRODUCE PROGENY BY BUDDING, USUALLY)  EUKARYOTES, PRIMITIVE PLANTS, 5-10 μM DIAMETER.

Rhizopus nigricans – Pin-head mold

GERMINATINGSPORE

SPORANGIA

HYPHA

RHIZOID

AERIALHYPHA

STOLON

ABSORBINGHYPHA

6

Page 7: STUDY OF MOLDS (FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS) AND YEASTS (SINGLE CELLS WHICH PRODUCE PROGENY BY BUDDING, USUALLY)  EUKARYOTES, PRIMITIVE PLANTS, 5-10 μM DIAMETER.

Rhizopus nigricans

SPORANGIOSPORES IN SACS (SPORANGIA)

SPORES

7

Page 8: STUDY OF MOLDS (FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS) AND YEASTS (SINGLE CELLS WHICH PRODUCE PROGENY BY BUDDING, USUALLY)  EUKARYOTES, PRIMITIVE PLANTS, 5-10 μM DIAMETER.

ASPERGILLUS NIDULANS – CONIDIOSPORES AT ENDS OF CONIDIOPHORES

8

Page 9: STUDY OF MOLDS (FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS) AND YEASTS (SINGLE CELLS WHICH PRODUCE PROGENY BY BUDDING, USUALLY)  EUKARYOTES, PRIMITIVE PLANTS, 5-10 μM DIAMETER.

Penicillium notatum

CONIDIOSPORES AT ENDS OF CONIDIOPHORES

9

Page 10: STUDY OF MOLDS (FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS) AND YEASTS (SINGLE CELLS WHICH PRODUCE PROGENY BY BUDDING, USUALLY)  EUKARYOTES, PRIMITIVE PLANTS, 5-10 μM DIAMETER.

Penicilliumroqueforti

CONIDIOSPORES AT ENDS OF CONIDIOPHORES

10

Page 11: STUDY OF MOLDS (FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS) AND YEASTS (SINGLE CELLS WHICH PRODUCE PROGENY BY BUDDING, USUALLY)  EUKARYOTES, PRIMITIVE PLANTS, 5-10 μM DIAMETER.

ROQUEFORT CHEESEBLUE-GREEN CONIDIOSPORES OF Penicillium roqueforti

11

Page 12: STUDY OF MOLDS (FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS) AND YEASTS (SINGLE CELLS WHICH PRODUCE PROGENY BY BUDDING, USUALLY)  EUKARYOTES, PRIMITIVE PLANTS, 5-10 μM DIAMETER.

LIFE OF A MUSHROOMNOT ASSIGNED

12

APPRECIATE !

Page 13: STUDY OF MOLDS (FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS) AND YEASTS (SINGLE CELLS WHICH PRODUCE PROGENY BY BUDDING, USUALLY)  EUKARYOTES, PRIMITIVE PLANTS, 5-10 μM DIAMETER.

 I. DERMATOPHYTES – FUNGI ON, IN, UNDER SKIN, HAIR, NAILS

A. SUPERFICIAL - ON OUTER SURFACES SKIN, HAIR, NAILS- TROPICS – SOAP AND WATER

B. CUTANEOUS - WITHIN SKIN, HAIR, NAILS- RINGWORM (TRICHOPHYTON, OTHERS)- ATHLETE’S FOOT

C. SUBCUTANEOUS- INTRODUCED THROUGH SKIN

(PUNCTURE WOUNDS)- SPREAD ALONG LYMPH CHANNELS

MYCOSES - FUNGAL INFECTIONS

13

Page 14: STUDY OF MOLDS (FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS) AND YEASTS (SINGLE CELLS WHICH PRODUCE PROGENY BY BUDDING, USUALLY)  EUKARYOTES, PRIMITIVE PLANTS, 5-10 μM DIAMETER.

14

FIG 39.13 CUTANEOUS MYCOSISRINGWORM (TRICHOPHYTON)

p 1009

Page 15: STUDY OF MOLDS (FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS) AND YEASTS (SINGLE CELLS WHICH PRODUCE PROGENY BY BUDDING, USUALLY)  EUKARYOTES, PRIMITIVE PLANTS, 5-10 μM DIAMETER.

15

FIG 39.17 SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSISCHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS (BLACK MOLDS, PHIALOPHORA)

p 1010

Page 16: STUDY OF MOLDS (FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS) AND YEASTS (SINGLE CELLS WHICH PRODUCE PROGENY BY BUDDING, USUALLY)  EUKARYOTES, PRIMITIVE PLANTS, 5-10 μM DIAMETER.

II. SYSTEMIC INFECTIONS - INTERNAL 

A. HISTOPLASMOSIS - HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUMDIMORPHIC MILD RESPIRATORY INFECTION - HEALTHY PEOPLE RECOVER

WITHOUT KNOWING THEY HAD DISEASEENDEMIC - OHIO RIVER VALLEYSEVERE DISEASE IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED

 

B. COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS - COCCIDIODES IMMITISDESERT FEVER - 95% MILD RESPIRATORY

5% TB-LIKE FEW: DISSEMINATES TO BRAIN, BONES,

JOINTS, MENINGESDIMORPHIC

C. CRYPTOCOCCOSIS – CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANSRESPIRATORY TRACT > CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMMENINGITIS - INFLAMMATION OF MENINGES

 

D. PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA – PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII  PNEUMONIA IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED

16

Page 17: STUDY OF MOLDS (FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS) AND YEASTS (SINGLE CELLS WHICH PRODUCE PROGENY BY BUDDING, USUALLY)  EUKARYOTES, PRIMITIVE PLANTS, 5-10 μM DIAMETER.

Pneumocystis carinii

17

Page 18: STUDY OF MOLDS (FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS) AND YEASTS (SINGLE CELLS WHICH PRODUCE PROGENY BY BUDDING, USUALLY)  EUKARYOTES, PRIMITIVE PLANTS, 5-10 μM DIAMETER.

14

Pneumocystis carinii PNEUMONIA

18

Page 19: STUDY OF MOLDS (FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS) AND YEASTS (SINGLE CELLS WHICH PRODUCE PROGENY BY BUDDING, USUALLY)  EUKARYOTES, PRIMITIVE PLANTS, 5-10 μM DIAMETER.

III. TREATMENT OF SYSTEMIC FUNGAL INFECTIONS –

AMPHOTERICIN B - DISRUPTS MEMBRANE FUNCTION, TOXIC FORPEOPLE

FLUCONAZOLE - PROPHYLACTIC IN AIDS PATIENTS INHIBITS STEROLSYNTHESIS, AND THEREFORE NORMAL MEMBRANE FUNCTION

IV. MYCOTOXINS -   ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS – AFLATOXINS

19

Page 20: STUDY OF MOLDS (FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS) AND YEASTS (SINGLE CELLS WHICH PRODUCE PROGENY BY BUDDING, USUALLY)  EUKARYOTES, PRIMITIVE PLANTS, 5-10 μM DIAMETER.

V. CANDIDIASIS - THRUSH, MONILIASIS, WHITE PATCHES OF MOUTH,TONGUE, VAGINA

CANDIDA ALBICANS - NORMAL FLORA YEASTC. ALBICANS FLOURISHES:

IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PEOPLE,IN NORMAL HEALTH FOLK WHEN THEIR BACTERIAL FLORA

IS DESTROYED - PROLONGED ANTIBIOTIC WHICHDESTROY PROKARYOTES

VAGINITIS - DIABETES, ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES,

ESPECIALLY DURING PREGNANCYDIAPER RASH

TREATMENT - TOPICALNYSTATIN - STREPTOMYCES ANTIBIOTIC, DAMAGES

MEMBRANE, CYTOPLASM LEAKAGEMICONAZOLE - ANTIBIOTIC, DAMAGES MEMBRANE,

DISRUPTS STEROLS SYNTHESIS

20

Page 21: STUDY OF MOLDS (FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS) AND YEASTS (SINGLE CELLS WHICH PRODUCE PROGENY BY BUDDING, USUALLY)  EUKARYOTES, PRIMITIVE PLANTS, 5-10 μM DIAMETER.

CANDIDA ALBICANS ORAL THRUSH

21