STUDY OF MOLDS (FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS) AND YEASTS (SINGLE CELLS WHICH PRODUCE PROGENY BY BUDDING,...
-
Upload
caitlin-boddie -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
0
Transcript of STUDY OF MOLDS (FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS) AND YEASTS (SINGLE CELLS WHICH PRODUCE PROGENY BY BUDDING,...
STUDY OF MOLDS (FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS) AND YEASTS (SINGLE CELLS WHICH PRODUCE PROGENY BY BUDDING,
USUALLY) EUKARYOTES, PRIMITIVE PLANTS, 5-10 μM
DIAMETER 30 MEGA BASE PAIR GENOMES; SEVERAL
CHROMOSOMES; 5,000 GENES
CELL WALL WITH CHITIN (N-ACETYL GLUCOSEAMINE POLYSACCHARIDE),
ABSORPTIVE NUTRITION, LACK CHLOROPHYLL, NO PHOTOSYNTHESIS FORM SPORES, NON-MOTILE, TOLERATE DRYNESS, HIGH OSMOTIC PRESSURE,
ACID AND ALKALINE ENVIRONMENTS SAPROPHYTES - DECAY DEAD CREATURES (&
PERMITRECYLCING) - RELEASE HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES
WHICH DIGEST EXTERNAL FOOD
MYCOLOGY -1
MOLDS - LONG, BRANCHED FILAMENTS - HYPHAE
COENOCYTIC - NO PERPENDICULAR CROSS WALLS
SEPTATE - WITH CROSS WALLS WITH PORESGROW BY EXTENSION, BRANCHINGMYCELIUM - MASS OF HYPHAE - COLONYSPORES - DORMANT, CAN GERMINATE
YEASTS -
UNICELLULAR, SINGLE NUCLEUS, BUD PROGENY(USUALLY)
DIMORPHIC FUNGI - SOME WHICH CAUSE DISEASE -
YEAST FORM IN THE ANIMAL, FILAMENTOUS FORM ON
CULTURE MEDIA
2
REPRODUCTION
ASEXUAL - MITOSIS FOLLOWED BY:TRANSVERSE CELL WALL FORMATION FORMING TWO
EQUAL DAUGHTER CELLS BINARY FISSION
BUDDING FORMING MOTHER CELL AND NEW BUDTRANSVERSE CELL WALL FORMATION FORMING SPORES
WITHINA HYPHA OR AT THE END
SEXUAL – HOMOTHALLIC - SELF-FERTILIZING, COMPATIBLE
GAMETES ONTHE SAME MYCELIUM
HETEROTHALLIC - CROSSING BETWEEN DIFFERENT BUTCOMPATIBLE MYCELIA. HAPLOID GAMETES FUSE;
DIPLOIDGAMETES; MEIOSIS, HAPLOID SPORES
3
ZYGOMYCETESCOENOCYTIC - HAPLOID NUCLEI, HYPHA RHIZOIDS EXTEND DOWN INTO SUBSTRATE, ABSORB NUTRIENTSSTOLONS - ERECT HYPHAE, FORM SPORANGIA WITH BLACK
SPORANGIOSPORESE.G., COMMON BLACK BREAD MOLD: RHIZOPUS NIGRICANS
ASCOMYCETESSEPTATE HYPHAE, CONIDIOSPORES AT END OF CONIDIOPHOREASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS -
UBIQUITOUS - HOMES, ALLERGIC REACTIONS, ASTHMA, SINUSITIS,OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGEN ESPECIALLY IN HIV+ PEOPLE
ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS - AFLATOXINSPENICILLIUM NOTATUM - FIRST PENICILLINPENICILLIUM ROQUEFORTI – CHEESE SOFTENING/RIPENINGCLAVICEPS PURPUREA - ERGOT OF RYE – PLANT DISEASE
ERGOTISM IN PEOPLE - ERGOT TOXIN - CONTAINS LYSERGIC ACID-USED TO SYNTHESIZE LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE -LSD VASOCONSTRICTION - GANGRENE, AMPUTATIONS NEUROTRANSMISSION - SEVERE BURNING SENSATION;
HALLUCINATIONS, CONVULSIONS, DEATHCOMMON – EUROPE – MIDDLE AGES
4
5
BASIDIOMYCETES
MUSHROOMS - DIPLOID HYPHAE GROWING IN SOIL ASSEMBLE TO PUSH THROUGH SOIL;
FORM CAP UNDER WHICH BASIDIOSPORES DEVELOP
EDIBLE, BUT MUSHROOM POISONING
Rhizopus nigricans – Pin-head mold
GERMINATINGSPORE
SPORANGIA
HYPHA
RHIZOID
AERIALHYPHA
STOLON
ABSORBINGHYPHA
6
Rhizopus nigricans
SPORANGIOSPORES IN SACS (SPORANGIA)
SPORES
7
ASPERGILLUS NIDULANS – CONIDIOSPORES AT ENDS OF CONIDIOPHORES
8
Penicillium notatum
CONIDIOSPORES AT ENDS OF CONIDIOPHORES
9
Penicilliumroqueforti
CONIDIOSPORES AT ENDS OF CONIDIOPHORES
10
ROQUEFORT CHEESEBLUE-GREEN CONIDIOSPORES OF Penicillium roqueforti
11
LIFE OF A MUSHROOMNOT ASSIGNED
12
APPRECIATE !
I. DERMATOPHYTES – FUNGI ON, IN, UNDER SKIN, HAIR, NAILS
A. SUPERFICIAL - ON OUTER SURFACES SKIN, HAIR, NAILS- TROPICS – SOAP AND WATER
B. CUTANEOUS - WITHIN SKIN, HAIR, NAILS- RINGWORM (TRICHOPHYTON, OTHERS)- ATHLETE’S FOOT
C. SUBCUTANEOUS- INTRODUCED THROUGH SKIN
(PUNCTURE WOUNDS)- SPREAD ALONG LYMPH CHANNELS
MYCOSES - FUNGAL INFECTIONS
13
14
FIG 39.13 CUTANEOUS MYCOSISRINGWORM (TRICHOPHYTON)
p 1009
15
FIG 39.17 SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSISCHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS (BLACK MOLDS, PHIALOPHORA)
p 1010
II. SYSTEMIC INFECTIONS - INTERNAL
A. HISTOPLASMOSIS - HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUMDIMORPHIC MILD RESPIRATORY INFECTION - HEALTHY PEOPLE RECOVER
WITHOUT KNOWING THEY HAD DISEASEENDEMIC - OHIO RIVER VALLEYSEVERE DISEASE IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED
B. COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS - COCCIDIODES IMMITISDESERT FEVER - 95% MILD RESPIRATORY
5% TB-LIKE FEW: DISSEMINATES TO BRAIN, BONES,
JOINTS, MENINGESDIMORPHIC
C. CRYPTOCOCCOSIS – CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANSRESPIRATORY TRACT > CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMMENINGITIS - INFLAMMATION OF MENINGES
D. PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA – PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII PNEUMONIA IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED
16
Pneumocystis carinii
17
14
Pneumocystis carinii PNEUMONIA
18
III. TREATMENT OF SYSTEMIC FUNGAL INFECTIONS –
AMPHOTERICIN B - DISRUPTS MEMBRANE FUNCTION, TOXIC FORPEOPLE
FLUCONAZOLE - PROPHYLACTIC IN AIDS PATIENTS INHIBITS STEROLSYNTHESIS, AND THEREFORE NORMAL MEMBRANE FUNCTION
IV. MYCOTOXINS - ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS – AFLATOXINS
19
V. CANDIDIASIS - THRUSH, MONILIASIS, WHITE PATCHES OF MOUTH,TONGUE, VAGINA
CANDIDA ALBICANS - NORMAL FLORA YEASTC. ALBICANS FLOURISHES:
IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PEOPLE,IN NORMAL HEALTH FOLK WHEN THEIR BACTERIAL FLORA
IS DESTROYED - PROLONGED ANTIBIOTIC WHICHDESTROY PROKARYOTES
VAGINITIS - DIABETES, ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES,
ESPECIALLY DURING PREGNANCYDIAPER RASH
TREATMENT - TOPICALNYSTATIN - STREPTOMYCES ANTIBIOTIC, DAMAGES
MEMBRANE, CYTOPLASM LEAKAGEMICONAZOLE - ANTIBIOTIC, DAMAGES MEMBRANE,
DISRUPTS STEROLS SYNTHESIS
20
CANDIDA ALBICANS ORAL THRUSH
21