Status of LBL Neutrino Experiments

Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 1

Status of LBL Neutrino ExperimentsStatus of LBL Neutrino Experiments

Caren Hagner

Universität Hamburg

• SK atmospheric neutrinos, confirmation by K2K• MINOS• OPERA• (Future: T2K and Nova)


SuperKamiokande SuperKamiokande

L/E Analysis (PRL 93 (2004) 101801),Best Fit:sin22θ = 1.02 Δm2 = 2.4×10-3 eV2

Full SK-I data set, 90% CL (hep-ex/0501064):

sin22θ > 0.92 1.5·10-3 eV2<Δm2<3.4·10-3 eV2

Atmospheric Neutrino Results

http://www-sk.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/sk/top.html


SuperKamiokande SuperKamiokande

• Analysis for vτ appearance:SK-I data setvτCC (≈ 63% DIS, Ev > 3.5 GeV) hadronic τ-decays (≈ 65%)Primary background:atm. v producing multiple π’s

• Statistical discrimination of signal vs background:Likelihood & neural network techniques

• Analysis for vτ appearance:SK-I data setvτCC (≈ 63% DIS, Ev > 3.5 GeV) hadronic τ-decays (≈ 65%)Primary background:atm. v producing multiple π’s

• Statistical discrimination of signal vs background:Likelihood & neural network techniques

)sys.()stat.(48138 :Best Fit 1532

232atm eV104.2mfor

, 26(sys.)78 :Expected

No tau appearance excluded @ 2.4σ

“A Measurement of Atm. Neutrino Flux Consistent with Tau Neutrino Appearance”, PRL 97,171801 (2006)

http://www-sk.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/sk/top.html


K2KK2K

"Measurement of Neutrino Oscillation by the K2K Experiment"The K2K collaboration, M. H. Ahn et al, hep-ex/0606032, Phys. Rev. D 74, 072003 (2006)

no oscill

oscill, best fit:

sin2 2θ=1.0,Δm2=2.8·10-3eV2


MINOSMINOS


MINOS DetectorsMINOS Detectors

Far Detector Near Detector

5.4 ktons, 8830m484 steel/scintillator planes

1 kton, 4515m 282 steel, 153 scintillator planes

MINOS: Event Topologies

CC Event NC Event e CC EventUZ

VZ

long track+ hadronic activity at vertex

short, with typical EM shower profile

short event, often diffuse

3.5m 1.8m 2.3m


MINOS-NuMi BeamMINOS-NuMi Beam

Time

PO

T/S

pill

(x10

12)

Record intensity! 4 x 1013 pot/spill

Sh

utd

ow

n

1st year result

Special Runs

Year 2

> 2.5 x 1020 pot

1.27 x 1020 pot


MINOS Results: Fit to Oscillation HypothesisMINOS Results: Fit to Oscillation Hypothesis

Measurement errors are 1σ, 1 DOFFit constrained to sin2(2θ)≤1

98.0ionNormalizat

syst) (stat 00.12sin

eV10syst) (stat 74.2m

13.0232

2344.026.0

232

nsys

1j

2s

2j

nbins

1iiiiii

2

jseolno2oe2

(for 1.27·1020pot)

"Observation of muon neutrino disappearance with the MINOS detectors in the NuMI neutrino beam," hep-ex/0607088Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 191801 (2006)


MINOS: Allowed RegionsMINOS: Allowed Regions

• Fit includes penalty terms for three main systematic uncertainties

• Fit is constrained to physical region: sin2(2θ23)≤1

13.0232

2344.026.0

232

00.12sin

eV1074.2m


MINOS: Future SensitivityMINOS: Future Sensitivity


MINOS – Future ProspectsMINOS – Future Prospects

• Compare Near/Far NC energy spectrum. Sensitive to νμ→νsterile, ν decay.

• First: Understand NC spectrum in near detector.– NC events prone to intensity related reco issues– Study spills with a lot of events, and spills with fewer events

• Compare Near/Far NC energy spectrum. Sensitive to νμ→νsterile, ν decay.

• First: Understand NC spectrum in near detector.– NC events prone to intensity related reco issues– Study spills with a lot of events, and spills with fewer events

High Multiplicity Low Multiplicity


MINOS: Neutrino Time of FlightMINOS: Neutrino Time of Flight


OPERAOPERA

732 km (2.44ms)

? vv

LNGS

FIRST BEAM in August 2006


OPERA: CNGS beamOPERA: CNGS beam

%4/ vv

%87.0/)( vvv ee

GeV17vE

400GeV p on graphite target

4.5·1019pot/year


OPERA: Detection of vτOPERA: Detection of vτ

vτ

W

τ-

p,n hadrons

15% )(

48% )(

18%

18%

0

0

vn

vn

vve

vv

e

τ-decay:

Lead

Emulsions

τ

1 mm

μ-

v

v

Hadrons

Typical topology of τ-decay:“Kink” within 1mm from vertex


OPERA Target: Lead/Emulsion BricksOPERA Target: Lead/Emulsion Bricks

Lead/Emulsion Brick (total ≈ 200000)

10X0

8kg


OPERA - DetectorOPERA - Detector

Supermodule 1 Supermodule 2


OPERA - DetectorOPERA - DetectorSupermodule 1

Target Region:- Target Tracker (Scintillator)- Lead/Emulsion Bricks (100.000 per Supermodule)


OPERA - DetectorOPERA - DetectorSupermodule 1

Magnet-Region:Iron &

RPC Planes

B B

Precision Tracker:6 Planes of Drifttubes

Target

v μ

X


OPERA: Expected SignalOPERA: Expected Signal

0.235.63.6 µ

0.236.74.3 e

0.325.93.8 h

0.221.71.1 3h

Background Δm2 = 3.0·10-3 eV2 Δm2 = 2.4·10-3 eV2

decay channel

19.9 1.0ALL

Signal

12.8

Main background sources:- charm production and decays- hadron re-interactions in lead- large-angle μ scattering in lead

full mixing, 5 years run @ 4.5x1019 p.o.t. / year

Event rates (~1.7 Kton, 4.5·1019 pot/year)

~ 6200 events/year (CC+NC)

~ 30 events/day (CC+NC)

~ 25 vτ CC events/year (for Δm2 =2.4·10-3eV2)


OPERA – Physics PotentialOPERA – Physics Potential

SK 90% CL(L/E analysis)

Opera nominal

Opera with beam upgrade and 30% bck reduction

Opera, with beam upgrade (1.5)

Opera with 30% bck reduction

90 % CL Sensitivity F&C

Opera nominal 80% Target mass

SK 90% CL(L/E analysis)

Opera nominal

Opera with beam upgrade and 30% bck reduction

Opera, with beam upgrade (1.5)

Opera with 30% bck reduction

90 % CL Sensitivity F&C

Opera nominal 80% Target mass

Minos 90% CL

4σ

dis

covery

pro

bab

ility

%

Δm2 in 10-2 eV2


OPERA – Brick Manipulating SystemOPERA – Brick Manipulating System

suction cup vehicle

Loading Station

Robot to insert/extract bricks


OPERA – Brick Assembly MachineOPERA – Brick Assembly Machine

• Lead/Emulsion bricks are assembled underground in GS• Darkroom• 5 robotized parallel stations

• Lead/Emulsion bricks are assembled underground in GS• Darkroom• 5 robotized parallel stations

BAM at LNGS


OPERA: Brick FillingOPERA: Brick Filling

• Opera brick filling started• Must improve speed of BAM,

BMS, coordination lead production-BAM-BMS.

• O(2000) bricks inserted• All bricks inserted:

March 2008

• Opera brick filling started• Must improve speed of BAM,

BMS, coordination lead production-BAM-BMS.

• O(2000) bricks inserted• All bricks inserted:

March 2008

But, at the moment:Only 75% of emulsion films funded


OPERA: First CNGS Beam OPERA: First CNGS Beam

• Run August 2006:7.6·1017pot (1.7·1013pot/extraction, 70% of nominal intensity)319 events in time with beam (300 expected)

• Run October 2006:0.6·1017pot (1.2·1013pot/extraction)stopped because of water leak in reflector

• Electronic Detectors only (No lead/emulsion bricks)

• Run August 2006:7.6·1017pot (1.7·1013pot/extraction, 70% of nominal intensity)319 events in time with beam (300 expected)

• Run October 2006:0.6·1017pot (1.2·1013pot/extraction)stopped because of water leak in reflector

• Electronic Detectors only (No lead/emulsion bricks)

August 2006 August 2006

Opera Coll., New J. Phys. 8 (2006) 303

Pot vs Time Ev. vs Time


OPERA: Origin of Beam EventsOPERA: Origin of Beam Events

11% 7.5%5 %

0.6 % 1 %

1 % 0.3 %68 %rock

muons

uncertain : 8.5 %

Spectrometer 1 Spectrometer 2

Target1 Target2


Direction of CNGS neutrino beamDirection of CNGS neutrino beam

3.5o


CNGS beam direction measurementCNGS beam direction measurement

August Run result: <> = 3.4 ± 0.3 degrees

y >0

y <0

y

z

μ zenith angle


CNGS beam timing measurementCNGS beam timing measurement

Event selection via GPS timing information

50 ms10.5 μs 10.5 μs


OPERA CNGS beam eventsOPERA CNGS beam events

vCC in rock (rock muon)


OPERA: real event OPERA: real event

vCC in target tracker


OPERAOPERA

vCC in Magnet


OPERAOPERA

vNC candidate


OPERAOPERA

μ bundle (cosmics)


CNGS August Run: μ momentumCNGS August Run: μ momentum

prelim.

RPC’s in magnet region

(Here: only RPC’swill improve with drifttubes)


Normalization Check: vμ CC in MagnetNormalization Check: vμ CC in Magnet

• Trigger + On Time + μ Id (> 10 RPC plane) + vertex in magnet OR first 2 TT + fid. Vol.• no χ2 cut on μ track

• vCC in magnets selection efficiency 52% • very pure sample, NC contamination 4% (1,1 event)

August + October: Data = 36 ± 6 MC = 29.9

October only:

Data = 1MC = 2.2

vert. angle (rad)


Connection CS – Target TrackerConnection CS – Target Tracker

Brick

Changeable

sheets

Target Tracker

1st emulsion sheet

2nd emulsion sheet

100 m

10 m

1 m

changeable cheet doublet

(CS) brick

Angular difference betw. prediction/found track <10 mrad (dominated by electronic detector resolution)


OPERA Future PlansOPERA Future Plans

CNGS:• CNGS Beam in 2007:

repairs at horn/reflectorbeam in september/october possible (1.2-1.6·1019pot/day)

• CNGS Beam in 2008:4.09·1019pot (extraction intensity 4.4·1013pot)

• Multi turn extraction scheme (virtually loss less)

Detector:Brick filling started, ready for next phase:Waiting for first neutrino interaction in emulsions…

CNGS:• CNGS Beam in 2007:

repairs at horn/reflectorbeam in september/october possible (1.2-1.6·1019pot/day)

• CNGS Beam in 2008:4.09·1019pot (extraction intensity 4.4·1013pot)

• Multi turn extraction scheme (virtually loss less)

Detector:Brick filling started, ready for next phase:Waiting for first neutrino interaction in emulsions…


EndEnd


Leaking Drain ConnectionLeaking Drain Connection

Outer conductor (Al)Ceramic insulator (500V)

(brazed to the Ti joints)

Clamps for vapor tightness

Rupture point – leak!!

Bellows to give (some) flexibility

Titanium joints


Radial beam profile at Gran SassoRadial beam profile at Gran Sasso

Status of LBL Neutrino Experiments

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