Statistical Inference for Networks
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2H+
H+
OXA L OA C E T A T E
P Y R UV A T E
S UC C INY L -C oA
G L UT A R A T E
C IT R A T E
MA L A T E
2-OXO- A S P A R T A T E
NO2-
NO3-
N2
NH4
CH3COSCoA
A C E T Y L -C oA
HOH
C O2
NA D
TR A NS A MIN A T IO N
2H+
2H+
+
C O2
5-A mino-levulinate
Glycine
H+H+
H+H+
H+H+
c
H+ H+a
F 0
F 1
F 1
!2
1 "!
"
#
10 c-s ub-unitsAD P+ Pi
H+
3.6.1.34
H+ -transporting AT P synthase
"
$F 6
oscp
AT P
ADP + P i
F UMA R A T E
UQH2
UQ
UQH2
NA DH+H+
CH2COO-C(OH)COO-CH2COO-
CH(OH)COO-CHCOO-CH2COO-
-OOCCOCH2CH2COO-
-OOCCH2CH2CO.SCoA
-OOCCOCH2COO-
CH3CH(OH)CH2CO.SCoA
-OOCCH=CHCOO-
Glyoxylate Cycle
-OOCCHO
GTP
GDPATP
+
HE ME P rotoporphyrinogen C oproporphyrinogen Uroporphyrinogen P orphobilinogen
5-A mino-levulinate
COO-CH2CH2
H2NCH2C=O
F ADH2
F ADC yt.b
F e-S
S UC C INA T EII
CH3COCOO-
P Y R UV A T E
P i
X Y
C yt.c1
F e-S
2e-2e-
1e-
1e-
III
2UQ UQ
UQH22UQH2
2UQ._
UQ._
C yt.bL C yt.bH
C yt.c
IV
C uA
C uB
C uA
1.9.3.1
2e-
Heme a
Heme a3
2H+
2H+4H+
4H+
2H+
NAD+
NADH+H+
NAD+
1.1.1.39
1.2.4.12.3.1.123.1.3.43
4.1.1.32
4.1.3.7
4.2.1.3
1.1.1.41
1.2.4.22.3.1.61
6.2.1.4-OOCCH2CH2COO-
1.3.5.1
4.2.1.2
1.1.1.37
6.4.1.1
4.1.3.8
4.1.3.1
4.1.3.2
IS OC IT R A T E
2.6.1.12.3.1.16
4.1.1.71
1.2.1.16
5.1.99.15.4.99.2
4.3.1.1
1.4.1.2 1.4.1.14
6.3.5.4
1.6.6.11.7.99.4 1.7.7.1
1.6.6.4
1.18.6.1
2.3.1.37
1.10.2.2
1.10.2.2
#
%$
!
33 !A T P
A DP
E NDE R G ONIC R E A C TIO N
1.6.5.3
I
F MNH2
F MN I
1.6. 5.3
2F e -S (5 C lusters )
H+ H+H+ H+
ATP
4H+
2H+
2H+or
H+
PHOTO-SYSTEM
l
O2
3.6.1.34
NADP+
GlyceraldehydeRibulose-1,5-bis-P
2!
88
H +c
32
%
a
32
"1 "
%
"
!21
3
"
"!
3
"
!
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+H+
H+
H+ H+H+
H+H+H+H+
H+
H+H+H+
H+H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+H+
H+H+
H+H+
H+H+H+Translocated protons
H+
H+H+
H+P i
Ferredoxin
4H+PC PC
PC
PQH2
2PQH2
PQ_.
2PQ_.Fe-S Cyt.f
PQ
2PQ
Cyt bf
2e-
1e- 1e-
2e-
2e-
2e-
2e-
Cyclic Photophosphorylation
PQ
PHOTO-SYSTEM II
Cyt bc
Non-cyclic electron flow2e-2e-
Mn2e-
*
Protons from Water
H2O
H+
H+
2H+
2H+
#
ATP synthase
CO2Fixation
H+
ADPPi
H+
NADPH+H+
ATPTHYLAKOID MEMBRANE
CHLOROPLAST OUTER MEMBRANE
THYLAKOID LUMEN
STROMA
(electric current)
P680Chl.a
QA
QB
Pheophytin
P700
Chl.A0
A1
Fe-S
A T P
A DP
A T P
1/2O2
H2O
PQH2
T o B rain -
AMI
NO
ACI
DS
PYRI
MI
DI
NES
PURI
NES
CATECHOLAMI
NES
AROMATI
C
AMI
NO
ACI
DS
hvV IS ION
LIPI
D
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
PORPHYRI
NS
STEROI
DS
ISOPRENOI
DS
PHOSPHOLIPI
DS
DEGRADATI
ON
LIPI
D
BI
OSYNTHESIS
PENTOSES
HEXOSES
POLYSACCHARI
DES
C O C H C H(NH )C OO2 3+
F OL ICA C ID
C 1P OOL
V A L INE
A T P
A T P
4.1.1.4 1.1.1.30
C H C OC H3 3
C H C OC H C OO3 2
C H C H(OH)C H C OO3 2
3-OH-B utyrateA c etone
A c etoac etate
K E TONE B ODIE S
HY A L UR ONIC A C ID DE R MA T A N B L OOD G R OUPS UB S T A NC E S
P E P T IDO-G LY C A N
N-A c -Neuraminate(S ialate)
UDP -Iduronate
UDP -N-A c -G alac tos amine UDP -
G alac turonate
G DP -F uc os e
T DP -R hamnos e
A DP -G luc os e
UDP -G luc os e
T DP -4-Oxo-6-deoxygluc os e
MA NNOS E
C HIT IN C HONDR OIT IN P E C T IN
A L G INA T E S
INUL IN C E L L UL OS E
O-A NT IG E NS S T A R C H G LY C OG E N
L A C TOS E
G A L A C TOS E
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
C H3 O
OP P TO
OH
OH
O
OHAC NH
HO OH
O
OHHO OP P U
NHAC
OH
OH OH
OH
HO
OH
NHC OC H
OH HO
O
OP P G
C H OH2
HO
P
UDP -N-A c -G luc os amine
pyruvateN-A c -Mannos amine-6-P UDP -G luc uronate
G DP -Mannos e
N-A c -Mannos amine UDP -N-A c -G luc os amine N-A c -G luc os amine-6-P
S orbitol
F ruc tos e-1-P
E rythros e-4-P
3-Dehydrogulonate
L -Xylos e
L -L yxos e
D-Xylulos e
D-R ibos e
R ibitol
L -A rabitol L -Xylulos e
L -R ibulos e L -R ibulos e-5-P
L -Xylulos e-5-P
L -A rabinos e Xylitol D-Xylos e
D-A rabinos e D-R ibulos e
A S C OR B A T E
2, 3-Dioxogulonate
N-A c -G luc os amine-1-P
Inos itol-PInos itolG luc uronateG ulonate
G ulonolac tone 2-Oxogulonolac tone
F ruc tos e
6-P -G luc onate
D-R ibulos e-5-P
D-Xylulos e-5-P
Mannos e-1-P
G DP -G luc os e
T DP -G luc os e
UDP -G alac tos e
G alac tos e-P
G luc os e-1-P
G luc os e-6-P
F ruc tos e-6-P
F ruc tos e-1: 6-bis -P
OH
H H HO
HOC H 2 C C C C C O
OH OHH OH
H HO
HOC H 2 C C C C O C O
OHH
H
OH H
C C
OH
C O
P -R ibos ylamine
G lyc erate2, 3-Diphos pho-glyc erate
3-P -G lyc eraldehyde
1: 3-bis -P -G lyc erate
3-P -G lyc erate
2-P -G lyc erate
P -enolpyruvate
Inos itol
C H OH2
C H OH2
HOC H
C H OH2
C H O2
HOC H
P
G lyc erol
UDP -G alac tos eUDP -S ugars
C H C H OH3 2
E T HA NOL
Dihydroxy-ac etone-P
(G lyc erone-P )
G luc os amine-6-P
P hos pho-s erine
C hain elongation Mitoc hondrial
S erine
S erine
Indole-3-glyc erol-P
3-Deoxy-D-arabino-heptulos onate-7-P
Indoleac etate(A uxin)
Indoxyl
F ormylkynurenine K ynurenine 3-Hydroxykynurenine
3-Hydroxyanthranilate
2-A mino-3-c arboxymuc onate s emialdehyde
NH
OH
T ryptamine 1-(o-C arboxy phenylamino)1-deoxyribulos e-5-P
N-(5-P -R ibos yl)anthranilate
A nthranilate
C atec hol
NH
Indole-ac etaldehyde
NH
C H C HO2
Indolepyruvate
NH
C -C H(OH)C H(OH)C H O2 PC H
2-A minomuc onate-6-s emialdehyde
C H C H NH2 2 2
NH
1.2.3.7
4.1.1.43
3.5.1.9 3.7.1.3
4.2.1.20
1.13.11.6 4.1.1.45
2.4.2.18
4.6.1.4
4.1.1.48
1.14.13.9
4.6.1.3 Dehydro-quinate
4.2.1.10 1.1.1.25 2.5.1.19S hikimate-3-P S hikimate-5enolpyruvate 3-P
C horis mateP E P
2.7.1.71
1.4.1.19
Homogentis ate P henylpyruvate
C innamate
C oumarate
P rephenate
2-A minomuc onate
F umarate A s partate
G LY C INE
S arc os ine
Hydroxy-pyruvate
P -Hydroxy-pyruvate
S E R INE
Imidazoleglyc erol-P
P -R ibos yl-A T P P -R ibos ylformimino5-aminoimidazole-c arboxamide-R P
F ormiminoglutamate
Imidazolonepropionate
Uroc anate
C ys tathionine Homoc ys teine
P hos phoadenylyl-s ulphate
(P A P S )
C H (NH )C OOH2 3+
His tidinol-PHis tidinolHis tidinal3.1.3.15 2.6.1.91.1.1.23
3.6.1.31
5.3.1.162.4.2.17
A s paragine
A L A NINE
3-S ulphinylpyruvate
Oxobutyrate
2-A c eto-2-hydroxy-butyrate
O-P hos pho-homos erine
HO S C H C H NH2 2 2 2
HypotaurineHO S C H C H NH3 2 2 2
T aurine
G lutamate
#-G lutamylc ys teine
G lutathione
G lyc ine
C ys teine
ß-A lanine
C ys teateS -A denos yl
homoc ys teine
4.2.99.2
1.1.1.864.2.1.9
1.1.1.86 4.2.1.92.6.1.32
4.1.3.18
S -A denos ylmethionine
(S A M)
2-Methylac eto-ac etyl-C oA
2-A c etolac tate 2-3-Dihydroxyis ovalerate
2-Oxo-is ovalerate
3-Hydroxy-is obutyrate
3-Hydroxy-Is obutyryl-C oA
Methylac rylyl-C oA
2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-
butyryl-C oA
T iglyl-C oA 2 Methylbutyryl-C oA
2: 3-Di-OH-3-methylvalerate
2-Oxo-3-methylvalerate
Is obutyryl-C oA
C ys teines ulphinate
4.2.99.9
2-Is opropyl-malate
C H C H C OC OO3 2
+C H C H(NH )C OO3 3
C H C H(OH)C OO3
HO S C H C OC OO2 2
OC H C OC OO2P
OC H C H(NH )C OO2 3P
HOC H C OC OO2
HOC H C H(NH )C OO2 3
+
+
OH
C H C OC OO2
C OO
OHOHO
C OO
OHOH
HO P
C OO
OHOH
O
C H2
P
C OO
O-C -C OOOH
OOH
OOC C H C OC OO2
N H
HOC -C H(OH)C H(OH)C H 2OPC H
C OO
NH2
C OO
OHNH2C OO
C OO
OC H
OOC C H NHC H2 3
C H (C H ) C OS -AC P3 2 14 C H (C H ) C OS C oA3 2 14
C H (C H ) C H=C HC O-S -AC P3 2 2
C H C H=C HC O-S -AC P3 C H C H(OH)C H C OS -AC P3 2
C OS C oA
L inoleate
Oleoyl-C oA
S tearoyl-C oA Dehydros tearoyl-C oA OH-S tearoyl-C oA Oxos tearoyl-C oA
P almitoyl-A C P P almitoyl-C oA
A C Y L -A C P 2, 3-E noyl-A C P
3, 4-Dec enoyl-A C P
2, 3-Dec enoyl-A C P
3-OH-A c yl-A C P 3-Oxoac yl-A C P
3-Oxo-Dec anoyl-A C P
3-Oxo-Hexanoyl-A C P3-OH-Hexanoyl-A C P2, 3-Hexenoyl-A C P
B utanoyl-A C P C rotonoyl-A C P 3-OH-B utanoyl-A C P A c etoac etyl-A C P
Hexanoyl-A C P
3-OH-Dec anoyl-A C PDec anoyl-A C P
P almitoleoyl-A C P
#-L inolenate A rac hidonate L eukotriene B 4
C OS C oA
C O-S -AC P
T hromboxane B 2
HOOC C H C O-S -AC P2
Malonyl-A C P
HOOC C H C O-S C oA2
Malonyl-C o-A
C H C O-S -AC P3
A c etyl-A C P
C H O-C O-R2
C H OH2
R ’-C O-OC H
F A T T Y A C IDA C Y L -C oA(C ytos ol)
C H O-C O-R2
C H O2
R ’-C O-OC H
P
C ardiolipin P hos phatidylglyc erol
A c etylc holineG lyc erophos phoc holine
L ys olec ithin
C holineplas malogen
C DP -c holine C holine-P
Mevaldate
C H (C H ) C H=C HC H(OH)C HC H OH3 2 12 2
Dehydros phinganin S phinganin 4-S phingenin P s yc hos ine
A c yl-C oAA c yl-C oA
C erebros ideG alac tos eC H (C H ) C H=C HC H(OH)C HC H O-3 2 12 2
NHC OR
Is opentenyl-P P(C 5)
Dimethylallyl-P P(C 5)
G eranyl-geranyl-P P(C 20)
F arnes yl-P P(C 15)
S qualene(C 30)
G eranyl-P P(C 10)
Des mos terol Zymos terol L anos terol
C H C = C HC H O3 2 P P
C H3
C eramide
G anglios ides
NHC OR
C H O2 P P
O P P
C H2
C HOL E S T E R OL
C H C (OH)C H C H OH3 2 2
C H C OO2
C H C (OH)C H C HO3 2
C H C OO2
NADP +Dehydroas c orbate
OH
H O
HOC H 2 C C C C C O
OHH OH
OH
H O
HOC H2 C C C O C O C O
H
NA D+P i
A DPA DP
P hytoene(C 40)
L yc opene (C 40)
ß-C A R OT E NE (C 40)R hodops inMetarhodops in
R etinoate
trans -R etinal
11-c is -R etinoltrans -R etinol(V itamin A )
R etinol es ters
Dark
L ight
Ubiquinone(C oenzyme Q)
Menaquinone
P las toquinone
P hylloquinone(V itamin K )
Ops in
C HO
C H OH2
C HO
C H OH2
C H3C H O3
C H O3 n
O
O
O
O
P hytol (C 20)
"-T oc opherol(V itamin E )
Quinolinate
Quinolinate-nuc leotide
Nic otinate-nuc leotide
Des amino-NA D
5-Hydroxy-tryptophan
5-Hydroxytryptamine(S E R OTONIN)
N-A c etyl-5-O-methyl-s erotonin(ME L A TONIN)
NH
C H C H NHC OC H2 2 3HO
NH
C H C H NHC OC H2 2 3C H O3
+NA D( P )
NIC OT INA T E
N-A c etyl-s erotonin
2.4.2.19
Dopamine Dopa
Dopaquinone
T HY R OXINEME L A NIN
OHOH
C HOHC H NHC H2 3
OHOH
C HOHC H NH2 2
4-OH-3-Methoxy-phenylglyc ol
C HOHC H NH2 2
OHOC H 3OC H 3
C HOHC H OH2
OH
OC H 3
4-OH-3-Methoxy-D-mandelate
C yc lic A MPA T P
Dephos pho-C oenzyme A
4-P -P antetheine
4-P -P antothenylc ys teine
4-P -P antothenate
P antoate
6.3.2.1
1.1.1.169
3.5.1.22
2.7.1.33
NH
NH
O
O
O
O
C H OH2
OHOC H 3
C H(OH)C OO
H2
NH3
+C H-C OO
CO
O
C OO
NR ibose- PN+
C OO
NH
C H C OO2
O
OH
C H O2 P
NHC OC H NH2 2
OH
F ormylglyc inamide-R P
Urea
F ormylglyc inamidine-R P
A llantoate A llantoin UR A T E
A DP
Xanthine Hypoxanthine
Inos ine
A denine
A denylo-s uc c inate
5-A minoimidazole-R P
5-A mino-4-imidazolec arboxylate-R P
5-A mino-4-imidazole(N-s uc c inylc arboxamide)-R P
5-A minoimidazolec arboxamide-R P
F ormylamido-imidazole-
c arboxamide-R P
H NC ONH2 2
HNH C2 C HO
NHR P
NH
C
CCO
CC O
OCNH
N H
HN
HN
H
CCO
CC H
OCNH
N
N
HN
C arbamoylß-alanine
Dihydro-urac il Urac il
d-A DP
d-A T P
G T P G DP
XA NT HOS INE -P(XMP )
T T P
T DP
ß-Ureidois obutyrate
Dihydrothymine
T hymine d-UMP d-C MP d-C DP
C DP
C arbamoylas partate
Dihydroorotate
Orotate Orotidine-P Uridine-P(UMP )
UDP
3-A mino-is obutyrate
C HCNH 2
C HOCNH
NC HCO
C HOCN H
HN
C H-C H3CO
OCN H
HN
C H 2
C H2C H2
CO
OCNH
HN
CO
C HOCN H
HN C C H3
Methylmalonyls emialdehyde
OHC C HC OO
C H3
C H2CO
C H-C OOOCN H
HN C HCO
C -C OOOCN H
HN
H NC ONHC H C H C OO2 2 2
CC
CC H
R PHC
NH
NH
OOC -C H-C H C OO2
N
N
N
C HO
NHR P
NH
OC
H C2
2.7.7.433.1.3.29
1.1.1.158
5.1.3.132.7.1.383.2.1.23
3.1.3.294.1.3.20
2.7.1.60
5.1.3.14
5.1.3.7
5.1.3.1
2.7.1.4
5.4.2.3
3.1.1.17
1.1.1.49
1.1.1.21
2.7.7.23
3.1.3.251.13.99.11.1.1.19
1.1.3.8
5.3.1.3
2.7.1.53
1.1.1.92.7.1.15
2.7.1.17
5.1.3.4
5.1.3.1
2.2.1.2
4.1.2.13
2.7.1.11
2.7.1.47
2.2.1.1
1.2.1.12
1.1.1.29
1.1.1.95
1.3.1.35
1.14.99.25
2.3.1.41
2.3.1.41
2.3.1.41
1.1.1.100
5.3.99.5
4.2.1.60
5.3.99.31.14.99.1
1.13.11.34
1.3.1.101.3.1.9
1.14.99.5
1.3.1.9
4.2.1.61
4.2.1.60
4.2.1.60
4.2.1.59
4.2.1.58
1.3.1.9
1.3.1.9
6.2.1.3 3.1.2.20
1.1.1.100
5.3.1.1
HOOC -C OOH
Oxalate
G lyc olate
HOC H C HO2
G lyc olaldehyde
E thanolamine-P
2.7.1.30
2.3.1.7
3.7.1.2
4.1.3.5
2.7.8.8
2.1.1.172.1.1.71
1.3.1.35 2.7.8.2
3.1.4.3
3.1.4.4
2.7.7.15
3.1.1.5 3.1.4.2
2.7.1.32
2.7.1.82
1.2.4.12.3.1.121.8.1.4
2.6.1.21.4.1.1
4.1.1.1
2.3.1.50
1.1.1.102
3.1.4.12
2.7.8.3
2.4.1.62
3.2.1.46
5.2.1.31.2.1.36
2.3.1.763.1.1.21
5.2.1.7
5.4.99.71.14.99.7
4.3.1.8
4.2.1.75
4.1.1.371.3.3.31.3.3.4
4.99.1.1
2.5.1.29
2.4.1.47
4.1.1.28 2.3.1.5 2.1.1.4
6.3.5.16.3.1.5
2.4.2.112.7.7.18
2.6.1.5
1.2.1.32
1.13.11.5
2.1.1.28
2.1.2.2 6.3.3.1
3.5.2.5
1.4.1.10
1.7.3.3 1.1.1.204 1.1.3.221.1.3.22
4.1.1.28
4.1.1.21
2.1.2.3
2.4.2.1
1.5.99.2
2.1.1.5
2.6.1.22
3.5.2.3
2.6.1.511.4.1.7
3.1.3.3
2.6.1.52
2.1.3.2
A C E T A T E
2.4.2.4
2.1.1.45
R P
C HCO
C HOC N
HN
1.3.1.14 2.4.2.10 4.1.1.23
2.7.7.7
2.7.7.7
2.7.7.7
1.17.4.12.7.7.7
2.7.4.14
4.4.1.1
1.6.4.1
1.13.11.20
4.4.1.8
4.2.1.22
1.1.1.27
4.1.1.29 6.3.2.3
6.3.2.2
1.8.1.3
L A C T A T E
A c etaldehyde
2.7.1.24
2.7.7.3
4.1.1.36
B ile A c ids
C H C H C OS C oA3 2P ropanoyl-C oA
1.1.1.31
2.1.3.14.1.1.415.1.99.1
6.4.1.3
6.3.2.5
2.1.1.14
2.1.1.13
4.6.1.1
C DP -E thanolamine
1.1.1.35 4.2.1.17
+HO S C H C H(NH )C OO2 2 3
3.5.2.7NHHN
C H
OOC C HC H C H C OO2 2
C MP -N-A c etylneuraminate
C DP -diac ylglyc erol
C HOL INE
E thanolamine
G lyoxylate
HIS T A MINE
2.3.1.46Homos erine
T yramine
P lant P igmentsT annins
Maleylac etoac etate
F umarylac etoac etate
5.2.1.2
C H C OO2
OH
OH
OH
C H C H NH2 2 2
OHOH
C H C H NH2 2 2
Hydroxyphenylpyruvate
"-T oc opherol(V itamin E )
L IG NIN
d-G T P
OH
OH OH
O
HO
OH
P
OP P T
C H3HO
OHOH
O
NA DP H
2.2.1.1
2.7.1.3
1.1.1.45
1.1.1.130
1.10.3.31.10.2.1
1.1.1.10
A T P
C H C H NH2 2 2
NH
HO
5.4.99.5
1.14.16.12.6.1.51.13.11.27
Indole
4.1.99.1
1.13.11.11
OHO
OH
NH C C C H C H O2 P
H HC OO
NH2
C OO
6.3.5.3 6.3.2.6 4.3.2.2
G uanineDNA
6.3.4.44.3.2.2
CCO
CC H
HCNH
N
N
HN CCO
CC H
HCNH
N
N
HN
3.5.3.4
2.4.2.1
2.7.7.6 2.7.7.6
2.7.7.6
2.7.7.6
2.7.4.62.7.4.32.7.4.4
2.7.4.6
2.4.2.15
1.1.1.205
6.3.4.16.3.5.2
2.7.4.4
3.5.4.3
3.2.2.2
2.4.2.1
3.1.3.5
3.1.4.6
6.3.4.2
1.17.4.1
1.17.4.1
3.5.4.12
2.7.4.8
2.7.4.9
2.7.4.6
2.4.2.4
1.3.1.2
3.5.2.23.5.1.6
3.5.1.6 3.5.2.2 3.5.4.1
Diphos pho-mevalonate
Mevalonate
3-Oxopentanoyl-C oA
3-Oxoac yl-C oA3-OH-A c yl-C oA2, 3-E noyl-C oA
2, 3-Hexenoyl-C oA 3-OH-Hexanoyl-C oA
A c etoac etyl-C oA3-OH-B utanoyl-C oAC rotonoyl-C oA
P entanoyl-C oA 3-OH-P entanoyl-C oA
1.1.1.35
1.1.1.35
1.1.1.157
1.3.99.3
1.3.99.3
1.3.99.2
1.1.1.35
Odd C F atty ac ids
S uc c inylhomos erine
C O 2
2-OXO A C ID
G lutamyl-P
G lutamine
UR E A
P -C reatineC reatine C reatinine
G lyc ine
C IT R UL L INE
G lutamic s emialdehyde
2-A MINO A C ID
P yrroline-5-c arboxylate
G lyoxylateP yruvate
4-Hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate
4-Hydroxy-glutamate
3-Hydroxy-pyrroline-
5-c arboxylate
P utres c ineH NC H C H C H C H NH2 2 2 2 2 2
S permidine
S permine
N -T rimethyllys ine66N -T rimethyl-3-OH-lys ine
C arnitine
G lutaryl-C oA S ac c haropine2-A minoadipates emialdehyde
2-A minoadipate2-Oxoadipate
A rginino-s uc c inate
G uanidoac etate
Methylmalonyl-C oA
4.1.2.12
A s partylS emialdehyde
2, 3-Dihydro-dipic olinate
1.2.1.114.2.1.52 1.3.1.26 P iperideine-
2, 6-dic arboxylateN-S uc c inyl-
2-amino-6-oxo-pimelate
2.6.1.17N-S uc c inyl-2, 6diaminopimelate
Diamino-pimelate
3.5.1.18
3-Methyl-glutac onyl-C oA
(C H ) C HC H C OS C oA3 2 2(C H ) C HC H C OS C oA3 2 2
3-Methyl-c rotonyl-C oA
Is ovaleryl-C oA
OxopantoateHC HO
OOC C H C = C HC OS C oA2
C H3
C H C OC HC OS C oA3
C H3
C H C H=C HC OS C oA3
C H3C H C H(OH)C HC OS C oA3
C H 3
C (OH)C H(OH)C OO
C H C H3 2
C H3
C H = C C OS C oA2
C H3
HOC H C HC OS -C oA-2
C H3
C H C HC O-S C oA3
C H3
C (OH)C H(OH)C OOC H3
C H3
C H C H C HC OS C oA3 2
C H 3
C H C = C HC OS C oA3
C H3
A T P
4-A minobutyrate(G A B A )
1.3.99.7
1.5.1.2
1.14.11.2
2.6.1.39 1.2.1.31
1.14.11.8
2.5.1.16
2.5.1.22
4.1.3.16
2.6.1.23
1.5.99.8
1.5.1.2
6.4.1.4 1.3.99.10
4.2.1.33
2.6.1.6
1.1.1.85Oxoleuc ine
C OOH
(C H ) C HC HC H(OH)C OO3 2
S -A denos ylmethylthiopropylamine
(Dec arboxylated S A M)
P R OL INE
C oenzyme A
C H C = C HC H3 2
C H 3
OC H
C H
3
3HO
C H3C H3
C H 3
C H C -C H H O3 2 2C P P
C H2
C H C = C HC H O2 2 P P
C H3
3-P -G lyc erol
P hos phatidylethanolamine
C E P HA L IN
3.1.4.12
2.7.8.3
P roges terone
1.5.1.12
2.7.3.2
4.2.1.173.1.2.4
2.6.1.32
4.4.1.15
A c etyls erine 2.7.7.42.7.1.251.8.99.1A denylyls ulphate
(A P S )
2.7.1.39
4.4.1.15
4.1.1.29
4.2.99.8
2.3.1.30
P -R ibos yl-P P
1.1.1.1
1.2.1.4
A s partyl-P
5.1.1.7
2.7.1.40
4.1.3.18
4.1.3.18
1.5.1.9
1.14.11.1
C HOL INE
2.1.1.13
1.3.1.2
NHC H C H S H2 2 NHC H C H C O2 2OC H C (C H ) C H(OH)C O2 3 2P
ADP - NHC H C H S H2 2 NHC H C H C O2 2OC H C (C H ) C H(OH)C O2 3 2
P -ADP - NHC H C H S H2 2 NHC H C H C O2 2OC H C (C H ) C H(OH)C O2 3 2
1.4.1.8
1.3.99.3
1.3.99.3
1.4.1.9
4.2.1.18
4.1.1.20
1.3.99.7
1.8.99.2
+C H C O-OC H C H(NH )C OO2 2 3
2.5.1.6
2.1.1.102.1.1.20
1.1.1.3
1.1.1.3
4.2.1.18
4.1.2.5
4.3.1.5
4.2.1.20
2.1.2.1
2.1.1.20
G lyoxylate
2.1.1.6
1.4.3.41.14.18.1
1.14.16.2
Hexanoyl-C oA
B utanoyl-C oA
6.3.4.16 6.3.5.5
2.7.2.11
2.1.3.3
NO1.14.13.39
3.5.3.63.5.3.1
4.3.2.1
4.1.1.17
2.7.7.41
2.6.1.4
1.1.1.100
1.1.1.8
2.3.1.512.3.1.15
2.7.8.5
S O -42
1.14.16.4
NH 2 OOC OOC
4.1.1.25
1.3.1.13
1.3.1.13
2.7.4.6
C Y T IDINE -triphos phate
(C T P )
C ytos ine
2.4.2.9
4.1.1.11
2.6.1.18
4.3.1.3
4.2.1.49
3HS O -
1.1.1.105
2.3.1.41
NA DP H
1.1.1.22
2.3.1.4
5.5.1.4
3.2.1.26 3.2.1.48
2.6.1.16
1.1.1.14
2.7.7.34
4.2.1.47
2.4.1.682.4.1.69
2.4.1.9
5.3.1.8
2.4.1.11
O
OP P U
C H OH2
C H OH2
HO OH
OH
HO
2.4.1.21
4.2.1.521.2.1.18
4.2.1.18
O
C HC
C HOCN
HN
DP
C HCO
C HOCN
HN
R P P P
OC H 2
H
C C
H
OHOH
C H
NHNCH
CP
H
O
OC H2 C C
H
OH
H
OH
C
H
C CC
NH2
CC H
HCN
R P (P P )
N
N
N+
P
NH2H
O
OC H 2 C C
H
OH
H
OH
C
H
C COC
CC H
HCN
R P
N
N
NHP
H
OC H 2 C C
H
OHOH
C O C H2 C
C ONH 2
CC H
HCN
R P
N
N
NHP
+OOC C H N(C H )2 3 3
B etaine
B etainealdehyde
2.4.1.16
5.1.3.6
2.4.1.33
2.7.7.13
5.4.2.8
5.3.1.8
O
OH
C H OH2
HO
O PHO
2.7.1.28
2.7.1.31
6.3.4.13
5.3.1.1
2.2.1.1
4.1.1.9
3.1.2.11
ß-OH-ß-Methyl-glutaryl-C oA
6.3.4.5
5.3.1.6
2.5.1.21
2.1.1.2
3.5.2.10
6.3.2.136.3.2.7-10
2.7.7.27
2.7.7.9
3.5.4.10
CCO
CC H
OCN R P
N
NH
HN
CCO
CC H
N
N
N
HN
R PH N2 C
2.7.4.6
1.17.4.1
2.7.4.6
2.6.1.13
C arbamoyl-P
2.3.1.9
C arnitine
2.6.1.4 2.6.1.44
C H C (OH)C H C OS C oA3 2
C H C OO2
1.2.3.5
1.1.1.34
2.3.1.16
4.1.3.5
2.3.1.16
4.1.3.4
Menaquinone
4.1.1.15
2.6.1.19
4.2.1.16
C arnos ine
C H C H NH2 2 2C
NHNC
HC
H
4.1.1.22
4.3.1.3
Ubiquinone
P las toquinone
D-R ibos e-5-P
NH
C H C H(NH )C OO2 3HO+
O
OH
OH
HO
OP P U
C OO -
O
OH
OH
HO OP P U
C OO -
OH
H OH
HOC H 2 C C C O
H
C O C OO -
OC HOHC HOHAcNH
HO
OP C
OC O -C H OH2
OC HOHC HOHAcNH
HO
OH
C OOC H OH2
O
OHOH HOHO
C H O2 P
O
OHAC NH
HO OH
C H O2 P
O
OOH HOHO P
C H OH2
O
OHOH HOHO
C H OH2
O
OHHO OH
3
C H O2 PO
OHHO O
NHC OC H 3
P
C H OH2C H OH2C H OH2
O
OHHO OH
NH2
C H O2 P
O
OH
HO
OH
OP P U
C H OH2
O
O
HO
OH
OH
HO
P
C H OH2
C H OH2O
OHO
OH
OH
O
OHOH
OH
C H OH2
O
OHHO
OH
OH
C H2C H OP2
OH
H H HOH
C C C C
OH OHH
C OO -HOC H 2
H
OH OHOH
C C C C HO
HH
HOC H 2
H
OH OHH
C C C C HO
HOH
HOC H 2
OH
H OHH
C C C C HO
HOH
HOC H 2
H
OH HOH
C C C C HO
OHH
HOC H 2
OH
H HOH
C C C C HO
OHH
HOC H 2
OH
H OHOH
C C C C HO
HH
HOC H 2
H
OH HOH
C C C C
OHH H
OH
C OO -P OC H2
OH
H OH
C C C O
H
P OC H2 C H OH2
H
OH H
C C C O
OH
HOC H 2 C H OH2
C H OH2P OC H 2
H
OH OH
C C C O
H
C H OH2P OC H2
OH
H H
C C C O
OH
C H OH2P OC H2
H
OH OH
C C C O
H
HOC H 2 C H OH2
OH
H OH
C C C O
H
HOC H 2C H OH2
OH
H H
C C C O
OH
HOC H 2 C H OH2
H
OH OHH
C C C
HOH
HOC H 2 C H OH2
OH
H OHOH
C C C
HH
HOC H 2 C H OH2
H
OH HOH
C C C C
OHH H
OH
C H OH2HOC H 2
H
OH OH
C C C HO
H
P OC H 2
H
OH HOH
C C C C O
OHH
HOC H 2 C H O2 P
H
OH OHOH
C C C
HH
HOC H 2 C H OH2
H
OH OH
C C C
H
C O
H
HO
P OC H2 C H OH2
P
H
OH OH
C C C
H
C O
H
HO
C H O2 POC H 2
H
OH OH
C C
H
C C HO
OH
H
P OC H 2P OC H 2
O
OH
NH2
OH
C H O2 P
C HOHC HOP OC H 2
HOC H2C OC H2OP
O
OH
O OP P
OH
C H O2 P
C HOHC OO PP OC H 2
C HOHP OC H2 C OO
C OO
OH
OHOOH
C OO
C H (C H ) C H(OH)C H C OS -C oA3 2 14 2C H (C H ) C H(OH)C H C OS3 2 14 2
C H (C H ) C OC H C OS -C oA3 2 14 2
C H (C H ) C OC H C OS -C oA3 2 14 2
C H (C H ) C OS -C oA3 2 n+2
C H (C H ) C H=C HC OS -C oA3 2 14
C H (C H )3 2 nC H=C HC OS -C oA
C H (C H )3 2 5 2C H=C HC H C OS AC P
C H (C H )3 2 6C H=C HC OS AC P
C H (C H )3 2 6C OC H C OS AC P2C H (C H )3 2 6 2 2C H C H C OS AC P
C H (C H )3 2 2 2 2C H C H C OS AC P
C H C H C H C OS AC P3 2 2
C H (C H )3 2 6C H(OH)C H C OS AC P2
C H C H=C HC O.S -AC P3
C H (C H )3 2 2 2C OC H C OS AC P
C H3C OC H C OS AC P2
C H (C H )3 2 n 2C OC H C OS AC PC H (C H )3 2 n 2C H(OH)C H C OS AC P
C H (C H )3 2 2 2C H(OH)C H C OS AC P
A C Y L -C oA(Mitoc hondria)
C H (C H ) C H C H C OS C oA3 2 2 2n
C H (C H ) C H=C HC OS C oA3 2 n C H (C H C H(OH)C H C OS C oA3 2n
C H (C H ) C H C H C OS C oA3 2 2 2 2 C H (C H ) C H=C HC OS C oA3 2 2
C H (C H ) C OC H C OS C oA3 2 2n
C H C OC H C OS C oA3 2
C H (C H ) C H(OH)C H C OS C oA3 2 2 2
C H C H(OH)C H C OS C oA3 2C H C H=C HC OS C oA3C H C H C H C OS C oA3 2 2
C H C H C H C H C OS C oA3 2 2 2
P entenoyl-C oAC H C H C H=C HC OS C oA3 2 C H C H C H(OH)C H C OS C oA3 2 2
C H (C H ) C OC H C OS C oA3 2 2 2
C H C H C OC H C OS C oA3 2 2
OH OH
HO OH
O
O-C H O-P O2
C H C HOHC H OH2 2
O
C H2
C H2
R '-C O-OC H
O-C O-R
O-P O
O-
HOC H C H2 2NH 3
+P OC H C H2 2NH3
+C P P - OC H C H2 2 NH3
+
O
-
C H O-C O-R2
C H O P2 OC H C H2 2NH 3
+
C H C OC H C H N(C H )3 2 2 3 3
HOC H C H N(C H )2 2 3 3
+
C H C H 2 C OO(NH )3+
OHOH
C H C H 2 C OO- (NH )3+
C O
NH2
C H C H(NH )C OO2 3+
NHOC
C O
NHOC
NH
CH
H N2
HCC H
N
N
C
R PH N2
C HC
C HOCN
N
DP
NH2
R P P P
C HC
C HOCN
N
NH 2
CC
CC H
R P (P )HC
N
N
N
N
NH2
H NC OO2 P
(C H ) NH2 3 2H N(C H ) NH2 2 3 (C H ) NH2 4
(C H ) NH2 3 2H N(C H ) NH2 2 4
C H -S C H C H C HNH3 2 2 2
A denos yl
+
+C H3
C H3
C HC H(NH )C OO3
++C
NHNC
HC
H
C H C H(NH )C H OH2 3 2
+C
NHNC
HC
H
C H C H(NH )C H OP2 3 2C
NHNCH
HC C H C OC H OP2 2
+HS C H C H C H(NH )C OO2 2 3
+
+S C H C H C H(NH )C OO2 2 3
C H C H(NH )C OO2 3
R P
CO
C -C OOOCN
HN C H
2.4.1.23
C H (C H ) C H=C HC H(OH)C HC H OH3 2 12 2
NH 3+
C H (C H ) C H(OH)C HC H OH3 2 14 2
NH 3+
C H (C H ) C OC HC H OH3 2 14 2
NH 3+
G alac tos eC H (C H ) C H=C HC H(OH)C HC H O-3 2 12 2
NH 3+
4.1.1.70
H NC ONH2 2
OHC C H N(C H )2 3 3
+
C -C H3CO
C HOCN DP
HN
DP
C P P -O C H C H N(C H )2 2 3 3
+OC H C H N(C H )2 2 3 3
+
1.2.1.41
UDP -N-A c -Muramate
O
O
C H C H3
C OO-
NHAC
HO OP P U
C H OH2
4.1.3.20
O
OH
C H3
HO HO OP P G
2.7.7.24
2.4.1.22
2.7.7.12
5.1.3.2
5.3.1.4
S edoheptulos e-P P
3.1.1.28
4.2.1.24
N
C H2
C H2
N
N
N
C H3
C H3
C H
C H
C OO
C HC H
C H2
H C3
H C3H C3
HC
C
C
H
H
F e
C H2
C H2
C OO - -
C H3
C H3
C H2
C H2
C H2
H C3
H C3N
H
NH
NH
NH
C H
C H
H C2
C
CH2
H2
-
C H2
C H2
C OO
C H2
C H2
C OO -
H C2
H C2
C H 2
C H 2
OOC
C OO
H N2
NH
-
-
C H2
H C2
H C2
H C2
H2
H2
C H2
C H2 C H2
C H2
C H2
C H2
NH
NH
NH
NH
C OO
C OO
C OOC OO
C
C
-
-
C H2
C H2
C OO
C H2
C H2
C OO- -
-
-
OOC-
OOC-
C H3
C H3
H C3
H C3
H C2
H2
H2
NH
NH
NH
NH
C H2
C H2
C H2
C H2
C H2
C
C
C OO-
C H2
C H2
C OO
C H2
C H2
C OO- -
C OO-
C OO-
C H C (OH)C H C H O3 2 2 P P
C H C OO2
OHC C OO
HOC H C OO2
NH2
H NC NHC H C OO2 2
+ NH2
H NC N(C H )C H C OO2 3 2
+ NH2
HNC N(C H )C H C OO3 2P -
+ HN CNH C O
N C H 2
C H3
OOC C HC H C OO2
H NC NHC H C H C H C H2 2 2 2
N(NH )3
+C OO
C HC OOHC
C H2HOC H
N
OOC C H(OH)C H C H(NH )C OO2 3
+
C HC OO
C H2HOC H
H C2NH
NH
C HC OO
C H2C H2
C H2
OOC C H(OH)C H C OC OO2
N
C HC OO
C H2C H2
C H
C H C OC OO3 OHC C OO
+H NC ONHC H C H C H C H2 2 2 2 (NH )3 C OO
H NOC C H C H C H2 2 2 C OO(NH )3
+
R -C O-C OO
+
C OOR -C H(NH )3
+
C OOH NOC C H C H2 2 (NH 3+
OOC -C H-C OS C oA
C H3
P OOC C H C H2 C OO(NH )3+
OOC C H C H C HO2 2
OHC C H C H2 C OO(NH )3
+
(C H ) NC H C H(OH)C H C OO3 3 2 2
+
OHC C H C H C H2 2
+C OO(NH )3
P OOC C H C H C H2 2
+C OO(NH )3
OHC C H C H C H C H2 2 2 C OO(NH )3+
NH C HC H C H C OO2 2
C OO
C H C H C H C H C H2 2 2 2 C OO(NH )3
+
H N(C H )2 42 C H(NH )C OO3C H(NH 3++
(C H ) N(C H )3 3 2 3 C H C H(NH )C OO2 3+ +
C H 2CH
OOC CN
HCC H-C OO
C H2CH2
C H-C OO OOC CN
H C2
OOC C OC H C H C H C H-C OO2 2 2C H C H2 2 2
OOC C H C H C ONH2 2 OOC C HC H C H C H C H-C OO2 2 2
OOC C H C H C ONH2 2C H2 2
NH3+
OOC C H-C H C H C H C HC OO2 2 2
NH 3+
NH3+
(C H ) C HC (OH)C H3 2 2
C OOH
C OO (C H ) C HC H C OC OO3 2 2
+(C H ) C HC H3 2 2 C H(NH )C OO3
HOC H C HC OO2
C H3
C HC OC OO
C H3
C H3C H C OC (OH)C H3 3
C OO
+P OC H C H C H(NH )C OO2 2 3
+HOC H C H C H(NH )C OO2 2 3
+C H C H C H(NH )C OO2 2 3 OOC C H C H2C OO 2
+C H S H2
OOC C H(NH )C H C H C ONHC HC ONHC H C OO3 2 2 2
HOC H C (C H ) C OC OO2 3 2
HOC H C (C H ) C H(OH)C OO2 3 2
NHC H C H C OO2 2HOC H C (C H ) C H(OH)C O3 2)2 3 2
NHC H C H C OO2 2OC H C (C H ) C H(OH)C O2 3 2P
C H C H3 2
C H 3
C H+
C H(NH )C OO3
C H C OC (OH)C H C H3 2 3
C OO C HC OC OO
C H C H3 2
C H3
NHC HC H S H2
C OO
NHC H C H C O2 2OC H C (C H ) C H(OH)C O2 3 2P
+C H S H2
OOC C H(NH )C H C H C ONHC HC OO3 2 2
+AdenosylS C H C H C H(NH )C OO2 2 3
+S C H C H C H(NH )C OO2 2 3
+HO S C H C H(NH )C OO3 2 3
+
+S -C H C H(NH )C OO2 3
S -C H C H(NH )C OO2 3+
HS C H C H(NH )C OO2 3
1.1.1.23
H
C
NHNC
HC C H C HC OO2
NHC OC H C H NH2 2 2+
H
C
NHNC
HC C H C H(NH )C OO2 3
C HC H C H C OO2 2
NHNC H
O C C C H C HC OO
NHNC H
C H
C H C OO3
NH
OOC
C H-C OOOC
NH2 C H2
H NC H C H C OO2 2 2
H NC H2 2
C H3C HC OO H NC ONHC H C HC OO2 2
C H3
CCO
C H
R PHC N
N
N
HN
C
CCO
C HHC O
N
N
N R P
CC H
N
NH N2
HC
CCO
C H
N
NC
CC H
N
N
R P
H N2
H N2C
O
O
O P~ ~P O
O
O O
P O
O
C H2
N
N
N
N
O
OHOH
NH2
HCC HN
N
N
N O
O
P O O
O
C H2
OH
NH2
HCC H
C OOC O
NHOC
NH
CH
H N2NH2
OOC -C H-C H C OO2
HNC O CC H
N
N
C
R PR PH N2
OOCC
C H
NR P
N
CH N2
C H=C HC OO
OH
C H=C HC OO
C H C OC OO2
C H2
P
C OO
OHO
O
O
C OO
O
C H C OO2O
C H C OO2-OOC
OC H 2 C H2
OHHC
P
HOC H HC OH
OCC OO
C OOHO
OHOHO
NH2C OOOC H
NH
C H C OC OO2NH
C HO
C O
NH2OH
C H C H(NH )C OO2 3
+
N
C OO
C OO
N+
C OO
C OOR P
O
OH
OH
HO OP P U
C OO
O
OH
NHC OC H 3
HO
OP P U
C OOC H OH2
O
OCC H2 NHAC
HO OP P U
C OO
C H OH2
O
OHHO OH
OH
C OO
OOC C H N(C H )2 3 2
Dimethylglyc ine
1.1.99.1
1.2.1.8
C OOHO HO
C OO
O
HO OH
C OO
C H(O ) PP OC H2 C OO C H(OH)HOC H2 C OOC OO
C H(O )PHOC H2 C OO
C H =C (O )2 P C OO
C ONH 2
R ibose -O - P - O - P - O- Adenosine(P )+N
O
O
O
O
+
C OO
NR ibose - O - P - O - P - O -Adenosine
O
O
O
O
II
IIOH
O
C H C H 2 C OO(NH )3+
E pinephrine(A drenaline)
Norepinephrine(Noradrenaline)
Normetepinephrine(Normetadrenaline)
HOC H C H N (C H )2 2 3 3
+
Adenosyl+
+S C H C H C H(NH )C OO2 2 3
C H 3
(C H ) N(C H )3 3 2 3 C H C H(NH )C OO2 3+ +
OH
OOC C H C H C H C OS C oA2 2 2
OOC C H C H C H NH2 2 2 2
OOC C H C H C H C OC OO2 2 2 OOC C H C H C H C H2 2 2 C OOC OO(NH )3
++
HOH
HOH
HHO
HHO
H
P ros taglandin P G E2
OH
HOC H 2 C C C O C C OO
OHH
OHH H
-
C OO
OR '-C O-OC H
C H O-C O-R2
C H O P OC MP2
O
C H C H N(C H )2 2 3+
OHOC H
C H OP O2
C H OH2
O-
C H OP O2
O
C H OC H=C HR2
C H C H N(C H )2 2 3 3
+
O-C H OP O2
OR '-C O-OC H
C H O-C O-R23.1.1.32
C H C H N(C H )2 2 3 3+
O-
OHOC H
C H OP O2
C H O-C O-R2
C H C H N(C H )2 2 3 3
+
O-
C H C H(NH )C OO2 3+
+C
NHNC
HC
H
C H C H(NH )C HO2 3
HS
11-c is -R etinal
P i
A DP
NADP +
G DP -Mannuronate
Mannos e-6-PDehydro-s hikimate
S hikimate
R NA
d-G DP
d-C T P
G UA NOS INE -P(G MP )
ß-A lanine
P -R ibos yl-A MP P -R ibulos ylformimino5-aminoimidazole-c arboxamide-R P
Imidazoleac etol-P
HS HS O -
P A NTOT HE NA T E
3-Is opropyl-malate
S uc c inics emialdehyde
2.4.1.17
Diac ylglyc erol
2.3.1.6
1.14.12.1
1.4.4.2
C H C HO3
3.5.4.19
4.2.1.19
3.3.1.1
4.1.1.12
4.1.2.5
C OO-2OHC C H
2.1.4.1
2.4.99.7
5.1.3.12
1.1.1.132
4.2.1.46
2.7.1.7
2.4.1.29
2.4.1.21
2.4.1.13
2.4.1.1etc.
5.4.2.2
2.7.1.6
2.7.7.10
3.1.1.18
4.1.1.34
2.7.1.47
2.7.1.16
3.1.3.9
A DP
P -G luc onolac tone
1.1.1.44
O
OOHHO
OH
C H O2 P
P HE NY L A L A NINET Y R OS INE
T R Y P TOP HA N
INOS INE -P(IMP )
T HY MIDINE -P
HIS T IDINE
UR IDINE -triphos phate
(UT P )
C Y S T INE C Y S T E INE
IS OL E UC INE
L E UC INE
LY S INE
OR NIT HINE
A R G ININEHY DR OXYP R OL INE
P HOS P HA T IDY LS E R INE P hos phatidyl
inos itol
L E C IT HIN
S P HING OMY E L IN
S T E R OIDS
P regnenolone
2.7.6.1
2.4.2.146.3.4.7
5.3.1.9
3.1.3.11
1.2.1.13
2.7.2.3
H
OH OH
C C C
H
C O
OH
C
H
H
OH
P OC H2 C H O2 P
5.4.2.1
A DP
4.2.1.11
E ndoplas mic R etic ulum
1.1.1.100
3.1.1.3
P hos phatidate
2.3.1.39
4.2.1.17
4.2.1.17
4.2.1.55
1.1.1.79
1.2.1.21
1.4.3.8
1.1.1.32
2.7.1.362.7.4.2
4.1.1.33
2.5.1.1
2.5.1.10
2.7.8.5
2.7.8.1
4.1.1.65
2.7.7.14
1.3.99.7
P O
O
C H (C H ) C H=C HC H(OH)C HC H O3 2 12 2
NHAcyl
C H C H N(C H )2 2 3 3+
O-
3.5.1.23
1.13.11.21
2.5.1.32
1.1.1.105
2.4.2.19
1.2.1.32
ME T HIONINE
4.1.3.27
4.2.1.51
1.14.17.1
1.14.18.1
1.14.13.11
G lyc inamide-ribos yl-P
4.2.1.22
3-Oxohexanoyl-C oA
T HR E ONINE
1.2.1.25
1.2.1.25
1.2.1.25
1.5.1.7 - 10
G L UT A MA T E
2.3.1.38
A T P
NA DH
S UC R OS E
A DE NOS INE -P(A MP )
T riac ylglyc erolF A T
R NA
C H 3
C H2
OC -C OOOH
C OO
C H C H 2 C OO(NH )3+
G LY C OP R OT E INSG A NG L IOS IDE S
MUC INS
4.1.2.-
2.6.1.-
G L UC OS E
O-A c yl-c arnitine
O-A c yl-c arnitine
OH
O-
-
R -C O-OC H
R '-C O-OC H
R '-C O-OC H
O HC O-C O-R
C H C H(OH)C H O-P -OC H2 2 2
C H O-C O-R ’2
OR '-C O-OC H
O -
C H O-C O-R2
C H O-P O2O-
2.7.8.11
H NC H C H C H C H2 2 2 2 C OO(NH )3
+
2.3.1.20 3.1.3.4 2.7.1.107
NH2
+
+H NC NHC H C H C H C H2 2 2 2 C OO(NH )3
H
OH HOH
C C C C O
OHH
HOC H 2C H OH2
R -C H2C OO
C H O-C O-R2
C H O-C O-R "2
R ’-C O-OC H
OH
O
C H C HNH2 3+
OR '-C O-OC H
O-
C H O-C O-R2
C H O P O2
C OO
OOC C H C H C H2 2 C OO(NH )3
+C H C H(OH)C H(NH )C OO3 3
O
OHHO
OH
OH
C H OH2C H OH2
NH
C H O-C O-R2
1.3.1.13
4.1.1.28
Malonics emi-
aldehyde
2.7.2.4
2.1.3.3
3.5.1.26.3.1.2
6.3.5.5
C arbohydratesB iosynthes is
Degradation
A mino A c idsB iosynthes is
Degradation
L ipidsB iosynthes is
Degradation
P urines &P yrimidines
B iosynthes is
Degradation
B iosynthes is DegradationV itamins C o-enzymes & Hormones
P entos e P hos phate P athway
P hotos ynthes is Dark R eac tions
C OMP A R T ME NT A T IONT he "B ackbone" of metabolism involves
G LY C OLY S IS in the C Y T OP LAS M,the T C A C Y C LE (mainly) in the Mitochondrial matrix
and AT P F OR MAT ION spanning theMIT OC HONDR IAL INNE R ME MB R ANE
An electron flow (an electric current) generated fromNADH and UQH2 drives the translocation of protons
from the matrix to the intermembrane space.The retrolocation of these protons through the F0 subunits
of ATP synthase to the matrix then supplies the energyneeded to form ATP from ADP and phosphate
E lectron F low P roton F low
S mall Numbers ( eg. 2.4.6.7) refer to the IUB MB E nzymeC ommiss ion (E C ) R eference Numbers of E nzymes
L E G E ND
Human Metabolism is identified as far poss ible by black arrows
B iosynthes is Degradation
HE MOG L OB IN C HL OR OP HY L L
A T P
TRANS L O C A T E D P R OTONS
2.7.1.1
A T P2.7.1.2
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