SOLIDS: Strain is related to stress. For Hookean or linear elastic solids σ =E ε , where
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SOLIDS: Strain is related to stress. For Hookean or linear elastic solids σ =E ε , where ε is strain E is Young’s modulus σ is stress (force/area). FLUIDS: Strain rate is related to shear stress. For Newtonian fluids τ = μ du/dy , where τ is shear stress, μ is viscosity - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of SOLIDS: Strain is related to stress. For Hookean or linear elastic solids σ =E ε , where
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101SOLIDS: Strain is related to stress. For Hookean or linearelastic solids
σ=Eε, where
ε is strainE is Young’s modulus σ is stress (force/area)
FLUIDS: Strain rate is related to shear stress. For Newtonian fluids
τ = μ du/dy, where
τ is shear stress,μ is viscositydu/dy is velocity gradient
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101
Viscosity behaviorof fluids
Newtonian. Shear thickening. Shear thinning.
Thixotropic.Bingham plastic
Magnetorheological fluid
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101
EQUATIONS
i
j
j
i
xu
xup
DtVD
Re1
0 V
t
Momentum
Continuity
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101
BERNOULLI EQUATION
constgzvpt
2
21
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101Dimensionless quantities
Reynolds Re LV/ν Inertial force/viscous force
Rossby Ro V/(2LΩ sin θ) Inertial force/Coriolis force
[Drag coefficient] Cd (ρ’-ρ)Lg/(ρ’V2) Drag force/inertial force
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101 Oceanography
Meteorology
Aeronautics
Biomedical fluid mechanics
Convective heat transfer
Turbulence
Acoustics
Powerless pump
Other. . .
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101Oceanography
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500.101500.101Meteorology
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500.101500.101Biomedical fluids
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500.101500.101
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101Aeronautics
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101Turbulence
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500.101500.101
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101Water delivery
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101Acoustics
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101
RECORD FUEL PRICES PLACE STRESS ON OCEAN SHIPPING May 2, 2008 Shipping lines worldwide are struggling as crude oil prices topped an unprecedented US$119 per barrel this week, in turn pushing marine bunker fuel prices up past $552 per ton – a $26 per ton increase since the end of March alone. Bunker prices have risen 87% since the beginning of 2007. Fuel costs represent as much as 50-60% of total ship operating costs, depending on the type of ship and service.
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. With the cost of bunker fuel at $552 per ton, with fuel consumption at 217 tons per day, and a 14 day voyage, a single round trip voyage for this one vessel would produce a fuel bill of $3,353,952.
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500.101500.101SkySails flies 100-500m abovesea surface
Generates about 1.5 hp/m2
Largest offering 5000 m2
Estimated fuel saving Rotterdam/NY 27%
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500.101500.101
Convective cooling
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500.101500.101Engines
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500.101500.101Water jet cutter withinjected abrasive(40K psi)
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500.101500.101Power generation fromocean waves
