Salvia Divinorum final presentation
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Transcript of Salvia Divinorum final presentation
Salvia divinorum: Will this sage make you sage?LUCAS CASSERLIE
Salvia divinorum: Background
Limiacea (Mint Family)1-3
Mazatec Indians1-10
Spiritual RitualsMedical Treatment
HallucinogenDream-like
Recreational Usehttp://www.ncsl.org/research/health/state-salvia-laws.aspx
Salvinorin A Chemical Structure 1982 Ortega et al.9-10
Κ-Opioid ReceptorNovaScreen™9-10
NIMH-PDSP (National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program)10
Specificity
Siebert DJ. Salvia divinorum and Salvinorin A: new pharmacologic findings. J Ethnopharmacol. 1994;43:53-56.
Morphine vs. Salvinorin A
http://www.edinformatics.com/interactive_molecules/3D/morphine_molecule.htm
http://www.sagewisdom.org/salvmlflat.html
Mu Kappa
Salvinorin A: Unique
Non-Nitrogenous Opioid Agonist/ Hallucinogen7,9
Opioid Acting Hallucinogen2-3,5,7-9
5-HT2A
Most Potent Natural Hallucinogen5,9
LSD Equivalent
Routes of Administration
Siebert DJ. (1994)10
Oral Ingestion (0.5-2h)LeavesExtract (200-500µg)
GI Degradation Inhalation (10-30min)
http://kipeducation.com/blog/?p=284
Metabolism and Excretion of Salvinorin A
Hooker et al. (2008)6 Carbon-11 labeled
Salvinorin A Multiple metabolism
mechanismsKidney/Urinary BladderGallbladder
Short Half-Life
Morphine vs. Salvinorin A
http://www.edinformatics.com/interactive_molecules/3D/morphine_molecule.htm
http://www.sagewisdom.org/salvmlflat.html
Mu Kappa
Carbon-11
Effects of Salvia Divinorum MacLean et al. (2012)7
Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled (N=8) 16 does Salvinorin A (0.375-21µg/kg) Vitals/evaluations during Follow-up interviews
After each session1 month after all sessions
Described Experiences7
MacLean KA, Johnson MW, Reissig CJ, Prisinzano TE, Griffiths RR. Dose-related effects of salvinorin A in humans: dissociative, hallucinogenic, and memory effects. Psychopharmacology. 2013;226:381-392.
Characteristics of Salvia Divinorum Use
Themes3-4,7-8,10,
Dream-likeContact with entities Revisiting Childhood memories Cartoon Imagery Pulling/Twisted
0 reported bad experiences7
Additional Studies similar to MacLean et al. (2012) Addy PH. (2011) (N=23)4
Dream-like87% positive experience
Ranganathan et al. (2012) (N=10)8
↑ Abuse ↓AddictiveNo adverse effects
Review article (2013)3
Zawilska JB, Wojcieszak J. Salvia divinorum: from Mazatec medicinal and hallucinogenic plant to emerging recreational drug. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2013;28:403-412.
Salvia divinorum: Will this Sage Make you Sage?
Kappa Opioid Hallucinogen Dream-like effects Recreational, Hallucination-seeking
Sage? Advancements in:
HallucinogensKappa OpioidPsychological Disorders
References 1. Tsujikawa K et al. Determination of salvinorin A and salvinorin in Salvia
divinorum-related products circulated in Japan. Forensic Sci Int. 2008 Jul 31;180:105-109.
2. Willmore-Fordham CB, Krall DM, McCurdy CR, Kinder DH. The hallucinogen derived from Salvia divinorum, Salvinorin A, has κ-opioid agonist discriminative stimulus effects in rats. Neuropharmacology. 2007 Jun 8;53:481-486.
3. Zawilska JB, Wojcieszak J. Salvia divinorum: from Mazatec medicinal and hallucinogenic plant to emerging recreational drug. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2013;28:403-412.
4. Addy PH. Acute and post-acute behavioral and psychological effects of salvinorin A in humans. Psychopharmacology. 2012;220:195-204.
5. Albertson DN, Grubbs LE. Subjective effects of Salvia divinorum: LSD- or marijuana-like? J Psychoactive Drugs. 2009 Sep;41(3):213-217.
6. Hooker JM et al. Pharmacokinetics of the potent hallucinogen, salvinorin A in primates parallels the rapid onset and short duration of effects in humans. Neuroimage. 2008 Mar 1;41:1044-1050.
References 7. MacLean KA, Johnson MW, Reissig CJ, Prisinzano TE, Griffiths RR. Dose-
related effects of salvinorin A in humans: dissociative, hallucinogenic, and memory effects. Psychopharmacology. 2013;226:381-392.
8. Ranganathan M et al. Dose-related behavioral, subjective, endocrine, and psychophysiological effects of the κ-opioid agonist salvinorin A in humans. Biol Psychiatry. 2012;72:871-879.
9. Sheffler DJ, Roth BL. Salvinorin A: the ‘magic mint’ hallucinogen finds a molecular target in the kappa opioid receptor. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2003;24(3):107-110.
10. Siebert DJ. Salvia divinorum and Salvinorin A: new pharmacologic findings. J Ethnopharmacol. 1994;43:53-56.
11. Hooker JM, Patel V, Kothari S, Schiffer WK. Metabolic changes in the rodent brain after acute administration of salvinorin A. Mol Imaging Biol. 2009;11:137-143.