ISSN: 2241-6358 RIEAS E-BOOK NO.4,

SEPTEMBER 2013

RIEAS Publications

(In Greek)

Copyright: Research Institute for

European and American Studies

(RIEAS)

.

1974. ,

BSc in Mathematics University of La

Verne (, ). MBA in Finance (Free European School of

Economics-European University)

, (project management), ..

, business intelligence,

think tanks private intelligence

company R-Techno.

Saint Andrews Theological Academy ()

,

.

University of Indianapolis (Athens Campus)

European University.

The Hesychastic Illuminism and the Theory of the Third Light Metaphysics,

Metapolitics and Ethics ( White Crane

Publishing Ltd).

. 1978.

.

.

,

, , ..

, ,

. (

).

: - : :

V: V

. .

J. Milton

.

- 1

.

, - ,

. ,

.

,

.

()

2,

, ,

- (..

-, 3)

,

4 .

,

1 -

, . 2 ( ) -

. 3 , . N. Laos, The Hesychastic Illuminism and the Theory of the Third

Light: Metaphysics, Metapolitics and Ethics, Northampton, UK: White Crane Publishing, 2013

4 , ( ),

, , ( IV): () (P. Diesing(1971) Patterns of Discovery in the Social Sciences. Chicago: Aldine).

, , Kurt Gdel,

.

V,

(organization theory),

() (),

-.

-

-

. ,

.

,

. ,

,

.

- , ,

. , ,

5. ,

.

, , , Sc(Math.) . , , MSc.

, 2013

5 , ,

(Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, 1776, 5.3).

, , .

( ), ,

, .

-

6 ()

,

Thomas Kuhn (1970). Kuhn (1970), (paradigm)

,

Kuhn .

,

.. . Kuhn

. Kuhn,

, , ,

- , , ..

.

-

, ,

7 8 .

6 , . . . 1996. ,

S. Walklate(1998).

7 C.

Lombroso (1835-1909), , Ch. Darwin, , , ( ) (. -1984, 88).

19 , A. Lacassange (1843-1924)

Lyon .

,

, , ,

(H. Mannheim1965, 422). G. Tarde (1843-1904)

L. Manouvrier Lyon

,

. ,

, .

Lyon, :

(. 1996, 121-122).

, Lacassange

: ,

, ,

(. . 1996, 93).

9 (traditionalism). ,

(positivism)

10

8

(. 1987, 70). 19 , B.A. Morel (1809-1873) , P. Despine (1812-1892) , H. Maudsley (1835-1918) . 9

. - , , , ( ), , . 20 , P. Winch (1990), L. Wittgenstein (1963), : , , . (explanation) (understanding) . Taylor (1965) Von Wright (1971). , - Winch. 10

, , . . , . , , . ,

,

Russell (1948), Hempel (1965), Braithwaite (1953), Ayer (1936) ... ,

. R. Michalowski (1977, 31)

: ()

() -.

,

. () -

.

,

. ()

-

,

. ()

-

, (

) , .

11

.

,

.

(T. Hirschi1969, 5)

.

(W.V. Pelfrey1980, 36) (. 1996, 146).

1940 1970,

, , . , , ; ; , , , , , , , , . , . , . , , , , . , , , (. 2003, 48-50).

11

, R. Merton (1968): . (W.V. Pelfrey1980, 37).

,

,

.

.

12

,

,

,

,

()

. , A. Cohen (1955)

13

(delinquent subculture).

R. Cloward L. Ohlin (1960),

.

, ,

:

,

(.

1996, 173). W. Miller (1979), ,

,

. , G.H. Mead

(1934),

(.. , , ,

... ,

, , ). G.H.

12

(subcultures): , , , , , , , . subculture () , (. 1996, 160-161). 13

A. Cohen . . , , (. 1996, 163).

Mead, E. Sutherland (1949)

.

.

, , , 1970,

,

,

.

,

.

. , ,

. ,

,

.

. ,

, (test) ,

,

.

, A.

Cohen R. Merton

,

. ,

(

),

,

.

Thomas Kuhn

. ,

,

,

,

.

, ,

(I. Nye1958)

, (T. Hirschi1969),

.

(G.M. Sykes and D. Matza1957)

(drift) D. Matza

(1964) (. 1996, 202-203). , A. Cohen

,

D. Matza ,

,

.

, ,

,

,

(T.W. Adorno 1950, D. Held1980, H.

Marcuse1968). , Jrgen Habermas

:

.

, Habermas,

. Habermas (1984, 1986),

,

.

,

(

)

.

-

(R.K. Merton1938)

- ,

. ,

A. Cohen (1955) R. Cloward L. Ohlin (1960),

,

.

, ,

.

, , .

-

/ (T. Sellin1938 E. Sutherland1973)

( ) ,

(W.B.

Miller1979, A.K. Cohen1955 R. Cloward L. Ohlin1960). ,

-14,

, . ,

.

-

(rationalism),

,

(reflectivism), .

,

1980,

. ,

15 (rational choice

theory). (

), -

,

,

14

, .. , , . 15

(hedonistic calculus) (homo economicus), . . (rationality) : () (Slovik et al.1985), () (Hollis and Lukes1979), () (Popkin1979), () () (Barry and Hardin1982). Allan Gibbard (1985) (makes sense).

. ,

(H. Gppinger1973 D.H. Fishbein1990)

( , )

.

,

(complexity) ( ),

/,

, . ,

(continuum) /

. ,

(B. Flyvbjerg2001).

,

.

,

,

(K.J.

Gergen2001). ,

, .

III IV, ,

, ,

, (

) (

). ,

,

,

, .

- (post-structuralist)

. , - (post-

modernists) 16 ( , ,

). ,

16

, . K. Ansell-Pearson, Nietzsche contra Rousseau: A Study of Nietzsches Moral and Political Thought, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991, J. Derrida, Spurs: Nietzsches Styles, trans. B. Harlow, Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1979, M. Foucault, Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Writings 1972-1977, edited and translated by C. Gordon,

Brighton: Harvester, 1980, J.F. Lyotard, The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge, trans. G. Bennington and B. Massumi, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1986.

-

(N.J. Rengger1989). , ,

.

,

, .

: , ()

, , ,

. -

( ),

.

.

,

( , ,

). . , ,

,

. -

,

,

.

. (

) ( )

.

, -,

, -

:

(

), -

,

.

(

)

(

) 18 19

. 17. ,

,

, ,

,

, .

17

, . J.B. Halsted (ed.), Romanticism, London: Macmillan, 1969.

,

( )

.

, ..

-18 (multi-culturalism).

:

, .

, ,

(D. Davidson, 1974 K.R. Popper, 1970). ,

.

,

,

,

( ),

( )

.

- .

, ,

:

,

..

,

/-,

,

,

18

, - ( ), , , . , , (cognitive significance), , - . , . , , , .

(S.D. Krasner1989). ,

. ,

,

(

, ;).

,

;

(, /-

),

.

19,

19

: (: , , : , 1991, . 245-264): homo ideologicus , , . homo ideologicus , , . , , , homo ideologicus . , , , , , , , . /, , , hominess ideologici , , , , /. . . . , , , 1989, . 23-44. , Anthony Giddens (1994, 73) , , , 20 , . , Dick Morris (1997) ( ) - , , , . , , .

.

, ,

. ,

: ()

, ()

, ()

. ,

.

;

,

. -

,

.

Adorno, T.W.(1950) The Authoritarian Personality. New York: Harper.

Ansell-Pearson, K.(1991) Nietzsche contra Rousseau: A Study of Nietzsches Moral and

Political Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Ayer, A.J.(1936) Language, Truth and Logic. London: Gollancz.

Barry, B. and R. Hardin(eds) (1982) Rational Man and Irrational Society? Beverly Hills, Calif.:

Sage.

Braithwaite, R.B.(1953) Scientific Explanation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Cloward, R.A. and L.E. Ohlin(1960) Delinquency and Opportunity. New York: Free Press.

Cohen, A.K.(1955) Delinquent Boys: The Culture of the Gang. New York: Free Press.

-, .(1984) . :

.

Davidson, D.(1974) The Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme, Proceedings and Addresses of

the American Philosophical Association, 47.

Derrida, J.(1979) Spurs: Nietzsches Styles, trans. B. Harlow. Chicago: Chicago University

Press.

, .(1991), : , :

(1991) , : .

, .(1989) , ,

.

Flyvbjerg, B.(2001) Making Social Science Matter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Fishbein, D.H.(1990) Biological Perspectives in Criminology, Criminology, 28.

, ..(1996) . : .

Foucault, M.(1980) Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Writings 1972-1977, edited

and translated by C. Gordon. Brighton: Harvester.

Gergen, K.J.(2001) Social Construction in Context. London: SAGE Publications.

Gibbard, A.(1985) Moral Judgements and the Acceptance of Norms, Ethics, 96.

Giddens, A.(1994) Beyond Left and Right. London.

Gppinger, H.(1973) Kriminologie. Mnchen: C.H. Beck Verlag.

Habermas, J.(1984 and 1986) The Theory of Communicative Action, 2 . Boston: Beacon.

Halsted, J.B.(ed.) (1969) Romanticism, London: Macmillan.

Held, D.(1980) Introduction to Critical Theory. London: Hutchinson.

Hempel, C.G.(1965) Aspects of Concept Formation in Empirical Science. Chicago:

Chicago University Press.

Hirschi, T.(1969) Causes of Delinquency. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Hollis, M. and S. Lukes (eds) (1979) Rationality and Relativism. Oxford: Blackwell. , .(1996) . : .

, .(2003), .

, : .

Krasner, S.D.(1989) Fortune, Virtue, and Systematic versus Scientific Inquiry, : J. Mruzel

and J.N. Rosenau(eds) (1989) Journeys through World Politics. Lexington, MA: Lexington

Books.

Kuhn, T.S.(1970) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 2nd

ed. Chicago: Chicago

University Press.

Lyotard, J.F.(1986) The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge, trans. G.

Bennington and B. Massumi, Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Mannheim, H.(1965) Comparative Criminology. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Marcuse, H.(1968) One-Dimensional Man: Studies in the Ideology of Advanced

Industrial Society. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Matza, D.(1964) Delinquency and Drift. Berkeley: John Wiley. Mead, G.H.(1934) Mind, Self and Society. Chicago: Chicago University Press.

Merton, R.K.(1938) Social Structure and Anomie, American Sociological Review, 3.

Merton, R.K.(1968) Social Theory and Social Structure. New York: Free Press.

Michalowski, R.J.(1977) Perspective and Paradigm: Structuring Criminological Thought,

: R. Meier(ed.) (1977), Theory in Criminology: Contemporary Views. Beverly Hills: Sage.

Miller, W.B.(1979) Lower Class Culture as a Generating Milieu of Gang Delinquency, :

J.E. Jacoby(ed.) (1979), Classics of Criminology. Oak Park: Moore.

Morris, D.(1997) Behind the Oval Office. London: Random House.

Nye, I.F.(1958) Family Relationships and Delinquent Behavior. New York: Wiley.

Pelfrey, W.V.(1980) The Evolution of Criminology. Cincinnati: Anderson Publishing Co.

Popkin, S.L.(1979) The Rational Peasant: The Political Economy of Rural Society in Vietnam.

Berkeley: University of California Press.

Popper, K.R.(1970) Normal Science and Its Dangers, : I. Lakatos and A. Musgrave(eds)

(1970), Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Rengger, N.J.(1989) Incommensurability, International Theory and the Fragmentation of

Western Political Culture, : J.R. Gibbins(ed.) (1989) Contemporary Political Culture:

Politics in a Postmodern Age. London: Sage/ECPR.

Russell, B.(1948) Human Knowledge: Its Scope and Limits. London: Allen & Unwin.

Sellin, T.(1938) Culture, Conflict and Crime. New York: Social Science Research Council.

Slovik, P., B. Fischhoff and S. Lichtenstein(1985) Regulations of Risk: A Psychological

Perspective, : R.G. Noll(ed.) (1985) Regulatory Policy in the Social Sciences. Berkeley:

University of California Press.

Sutherland, E.H.(1949) White Collar Crime. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Sutherland, E.H.(1973) On Analyzing Crime. Chicago: Chicago University Press.

Sykes, G.M. and D. Matza(1957) Techniques of Neutralization: A Theory of Delinquency,

American Sociological Review, 22.

Taylor, A.J.P.(1965) English History 1914-45. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

, .(1987) . : .

Von Wright, G.(1971) Explanation and Understanding. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

Walklate, S.(1998) Understanding Criminology. Buckingham: Open University Press.

Winch, P.(1990) The Idea of a Social Science and Its Relation to Philosophy, 2nd ed. London:

Routledge.

Wittgenstein, L.(1953) Philosophical Investigations. Oxford: Blackwell.

.

,

.

;

;

.

,

.

, ,

17 18 ,

( ), ,

.

,

( ,

, , ,

) -

.

(, 26/6/2000)

(Ilya Prigogine) :

,

,

2500 . ,

,

. ,

.. , .

. 19 ,

Hegel, Bergson Heidegger,

, ,

,

.

, .

,

.

, .

. ,

.

. ,

. , ,

, .

. , , ,

.

.

, ,

, .

.

.

.

.

; .

,

.

.

.

.

,

- , ,

. ,

, :

.

,

.

, ,

,

,

.

, ,

. ,

.

, , , ,

,

.

. ,

,

.

. ,

,

,

(Garry1996). . (1984):

, , ,

. ,

, , , ,

, , , ,

,

, ,

, ,

.

, . ,

, ,

,

Kant ,

, ,

,

, ,

. . :

,

. , ,

,

,

,

,

, ,

,

, ,

, ,

, ,

, ( )

, ,

, , ,

,

, , .

:

,

.

, ,

. (ibid)

: , , ,

, ,

stretto, .

, , , ,

. ,

.

, ,

.

. (1984),

,

,

.

()

,

(. .. Bobbitt et al.1978)

,

,

.

,

: ,

, ,

, , . ,

(Newton) ,

,

. ,

20 ,

, .

, ,

(Prigogine1980).

,

,

- ,

(Laos1998).

: (

), ,

( ) .

.

.. (V.I. Arnold) ,

.

(Leibniz), .

-

,

, .. , ,

, , ..

, (Euler)

(Hamilton) (Maxwell),

,

(.. )

, (..

)

. 19 , (Henri Poincare),

,

.

1970 . , ,

, , ,

, ,

-

.

,

,

,

. (.. , , , ...)

. ,

, , ,

, , (

).

.

,

(Anderson, Arrow and Pines(eds)1988, Savit1988). ,

.

, .. , .

().

( ) .

+1 :

(+1) = ().

, , , ,

, , .

(), :

(+1) = () () = ( )().

1,

, (

)

. , 1,

, .

. ,

:

() , -

(()), :

(+1) = () (()),

logistic map (Abraham and Shaw1982-8). ,

()

, .

: () 0 3,

() , () , ()

limit cycle, ()

( , .. = 3.15,

() ), () ,

() , = 4

() ,

, , .

(:

, ..

), , ,

, (Lighthill1986).

.

, .

. ,

( 1977). ,

,

, ,

(, ibid ). ,

,

, , ,

(, ibid).

.

- .

. ,

, .

,

.

, , , ,

(attractors).

( ) ,

. ,

, ..

, , ,

... , , ,

, , , ,

.

(EEG)

. (strange attractor),

.

(..

,

).

(. ..

Searle1984),

.

.

.

(phase space)

(

). . ,

, . , 10

( ).

, ,

. ,

(

).

: ,

() . ,

. ,

- . , ,

, (random), .

. ,

sequential.

. ,

. ,

. ,

.

, ,

(

), .

.

, ,

.

,

, ,

,

. , ,

, .

,

.

,

. ,

,

(Kurt Gdel).

(formal methods),

(models) .

20

: 21 (deductive structure)

.

20

, . N.K. Laos1998. 21

(deductive system) (calculus) . . , , /. , , , . (pure) . --L (L-determinate), L . , . , ( )

(positivism).

Auguste Comte, 19

,

(logical positivism) .

,

,

(cognitive significance)

.

,

. (1996, 16) :

-.

[ ] ,

.

, Kurt

Gdel,

( Harvard

Gdel 1952, . E. Nagel and J.R.

Newman1958, . 3).

,

, ,

.

,

. (completeness) ()

. (consistency)

, , .

20

(decidability) ,

/

. ,

, ---L (non-L-determinate). ---L . ---L , (applied).

/ 22. Kurt Gdel

, , F,

23, (i) F ( )

, , (ii)

F F

.

,

(J.N. Crossley et al. 1972,

45, 57). ,

, (-

). , , , 24

,

, , -!

1931 Gdel On

Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems:

,

, ,

.

Principia Mathematica25

Zermelo-Fraenkel26 (

22

23 David Hilbert 1900 , 20 . . Hilbert . , . Gdel, 1931, , 1936 Alan Turing Hilbert (. G.S. Boolos and R.C. Jeffrey1989). ( ) Gdel , , (, , ), . 23

, . N.K. Laos1998. 24

.. . 25

B. Russell A. Whitehead ( , . N.K. Laos1998). 26

, . N.K. Laos1998.

J. von Neumann).

,

. ,

.

, , ,

.

, ,

,

(: S.G. Shanker1991, . 17-18). ,

P.J. Cohen (1966, 3), Gdel

. Gdel

, ,

,

(M.D. Resnik1991, 118).

Abraham, R.H. and C.D. Shaw(1982-8) Dynamics The Geometry of Behaviour, vols 1-4.

Aerial Press.

Anderson, P., K. Arrow and D. Pines(eds)(1988) The Economy as an Evolving Complex System.

Santa Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences of Complexity, vol. 5, Addison-Wesley.

Bobbitt JR., H.R., R.H. Breinholt, R.H. Doktor, and J.P. McNaul(1978) Organizational Behavior:

Understanding and Prediction, 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, Inc.

Boolos, G.S. and R.C. Jeffrey (1989) Computability and Logic. Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press.

Cohen, P.J.(1966) Set Theory and the Continuum Hypothesis. Reading, Mass.: W.A. Benjamin,

Inc.

Crossley, J.N. et al (1972) What Is Mathematical Logic ? New York: Dover Publications.

Garry, J.(1996) Organizational Behavior, 4th ed. Harper Collins College Publishers.

Gdel, K. (1931) On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and

Related Subjects, : Shanker, S.G. (1991) Gdels

Theorem in Focus, London: Routledge.

Laos, N.K.(1998) Topics in Mathematical Analysis and Differential Geometry. Singapore, New

Jersey, London, Hong Kong: World Scientific Publishing Co.

Lighthill,J.(1986) The Recently Recognised Failure of Predictability in Newtonian Dynamics,

: J. Mason, P. Mathias and J.H. Westcott(eds) Predictability in Science and Society.

London: Royal Society and British Academy.

, .(1977) , .3: . .

, .(1984) . : .

Nagel, E. and J.R. Newman(1958) Gdels Proof, New York: New York University Press.

Prigogine, I.(1980) From Being to Becoming. New York: Freeman.

Resnik, M.D.(1991) On the Philosophical Significance of Consistency Proofs, : Shanker,

S.G. (1991) Gdels Theorem in Focus, London: Routledge.

Savit, R.(1988) When Random Is Not Random: An Introduction to Chaos in Market Prices,

Jour. Future Markets, vol. 8.

Searle, J.(1984) Minds, Brain and Science. Harvard University Press (

.

, .(1996) . : .

. .

, .

,

.

III

,

- .

,

.

, (Emile

Durkheim1895) ,

, .

-

,

.

,

(Durkheim1895). ,

, ,

,

,

(ibid). ,

,

(Durkheim1893).

(structural theories).

(reductionist theories).

- ,

, .

.

,

.

. ,

,

() ,

.

.

,

(

) (

-

).

(systemic theories). ,

( ) ,

() .

,

.

,

,

,

,

.

:

{ }

&

{ }

, ,

( )

.

, ,

.

,

(

),

,

.

(.. . Ferguson -1984, Kreps -1990, Marshall -1920).

(.. )

: (.. ,

, ...), ,

, , .. (Porter, -1980).

, ,

,

, .

, (

, ) - -.

,

.

(

, , , ,

,

). , (Talcott

Parsons, -1949) :

: (1) , . (2)

,

. (3) [ ]

, .

:

. ,

. , (4) [],

, .

, ,

,

.

,

27. .

(instrumental rationality)

, ,

.

. ,

: (1)

, (2)

27

, ,

. , (

) ( ):

, . ,

: :

U(A) U(B),

U (utility function). ,

, U=U(x,y). (von Neumann and

Morgenstern1944) (expected utility

model),

().

, : (i)

, , (ii) ,

. ,

, 0.5

0.5 ,

U(0). , ,

, :

U( 0 0 0.5)=U()

(0.5)U()+(0.5)U(0)=U()

U()-U(0)=2[U()-U(0)],

.

, (3)

.

,

: (1)

, (2)

, (3) , (4) .

,

.

(Lionel Robbins1935)

, .

. (James S. Duesenberry1949)

:

.

. ,

,

.

, ,

,

, .

,

() . ,

,

. (Parsons1949)

, ,

.

.

, ,

(

)

. ,

:

(intentional action),

(competitive selection),

(complexity).

1.

28

(Thompson and Tuden1959, Zajak and Kraatz1993).

,

(

)

(equilibrium adaptation). : (1)

,

. (2)

( )

. (3)

. (4)

, (

)

() (ibid). ,

29

.

28

,

PEST (Political),

(Economic), (Social) (Technological) .

29

(feedback) -

(input-output system) () () ,

. ,

(.. , , ..),

,

, ,

, , ,

.

, (utility theory),

(

)

, . ,

,

. ,

, ,

, ,

- .

(

)

(ibid).

, ,

,

, , ,

. ,

.

, , ,

.

, ,

-

,

(ibid).

2.

,

, ( )

, ,

,

,

(Hannan and

Freeman1977).

,

(.. , , ...). ,

.

,

,

( ),

. ,

. ,

( , ,

, ). , ,

, . ,

,

, .

, . ,

, ,

() .

. ,

( ),

- ,

,

().

,

. ,

, :

(

,

), ,

. ,

,

, ,

:

, ,

, :

,

, , ,

,

, ,

(2001).

3. :

.

,

---

-, ,

,

. ,

,

(

)

,

.

:

.1.

1. .

2. .

3.

.

4. ,

.

.2.

1. .

2.

.

3.

( )

(

).

4. ,

.

. ,

(

).

. , ,

, (

).

.

,

.

,

. , (

)

.

,

.

.

,

(Johnson1987),

( )

,

.

,

. ,

(feedback loops)

,

.

,

(Senge, -1990).

, ,

. ,

(. .. Hampden-Turner1990) ,

,

,

(Pettigrew1985) (Pascale1990)

(Miller1990). , (Schumpeter1934)

(.. , , , ...)

:

()

,

(

, ). ,

(Gouldner1964, Senge1990).

( )

,

(

), .

-

30 ,

.

, ,

,

,

, , ... ,

- (

-) ( )

, .

,

.

,

, , .

: (1)

(..

30

, Laos(1998)

Verhulst(1985).

). (2)

. (3)

,

31. (4) . (5)

32.

, -

31

(Bon1896)

: :

, ,

, , ,

,

,

. ,

. ,

.

. , ,

(Edward Albee) ;,

,

.

. ,

.

: ,

,

. ,

.

32

, 1961, (Edward Lorenz)

.

.

, .

,

.

0.506

0.506127. , :

.

(Lorenz1995).

.

- (nonlinear feedback systems),

, , , ,

,

(deterministic systems). ,

-

( ).

, -

,

.

,

, , , ,

, ,

, , ... , ,

, .

,

-

- , ,

,

. ,

.

1. (stable outcomes): ( ) . , , ( ). , ( , , ) (.. , ).

2. (unstable outcomes): , , , . , ( ) , .

3. (edge of chaos): - ( ), : () (qualitative structure) (, , ) . , , (.. ), .

(Prigogine1997, Prigogine and Stengers1984)

( ),

, ,

, , , ,

,

(bounded instability).

( ):

( ,

) (

,

),

. ,

. ,

,

()

() ( .

- ,

()

.

,

(

). ,

,

, , ,

. , -

, ( )

(

),

, -

, ,

(

). ,

,

(),

.

33.

33

(Ilya Prigogine)

(dissipative systems) (self-organization)

. ,

(in equilibrium),

(near equilibrium) (far from equilibrium). ,

. ,

, :

. ,

. ( ) .

(

).

. ,

, .

, ,

. ,

,

.

(Antoniou and Lumer1999).

. ,

, .. , ( ) -

. -

,

. , ,

- ,

( ).

, -

.

, -

(.. , , ,

, , ...)

(. .. Hyers, Isaac and Rassias1995, Prastaro

and Rassias1994, Rassias1986). , -

-

- (Laos1995)

- (Lomonosov1973).

,

, -

.

-

,

,

.

-

- .

III

Antoniou,I. and G. Lumer(eds)(1999) Generalized Functions, Operator Theory and Dynamical

Systems. London: Chapman and Hall/CRC Research Notes in Mathematics 399.

, .(1998) :

, , .73, . .

Duesenberry, J.S.(1949) Income Saving and the Theory of Consumer Behavior. Cambridge:

Harvard University Press.

Durkheim, E.(1893/1964) The Division of Labor in Society (trans.: G. Simpson). New York:

Free Press.

Durkheim, E.(1895/1964) The Rules of Sociological Method (trans.: G.E.G. Catlin). New York:

Free Press.

Frguson, C.E.(1984) Microeconomic Theory. Homewood, Ill.: Richard D. Irwin, Inc.

Gouldner, A.(1964) Patterns of Industrial Bureaucracy. New York: Free Press.

Hampden-Turner, C.(1990) Charting the Corporate Mind. New York: Free Press/Macmillan.

Hannan, M. and J. Freeman(1977) The Population Ecology of Organizations, American

Journal of Sociology, 82.

Hyers, D.H., G. Isaac and Th.M. Rassias(1995) Topics in Nonlinear Analysis and Applications.

Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co.

Johnson, G.(1987) Strategic Change and the Management Process. Oxford: Blackwell.

, .(2001) . : /.

Kreps, D.M.(1990) A Course in Microeconomic Theory. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Laos, N.K.(1995) A Comparative Study of Linear and Nonlinear Differential Equations with

Applications, : S. Bilchev and S. Tersian(eds) Proceedings of the Fifth International

Conference on Differential Equations and Applications. Rousse: University of Rousse/ Union

of Bulgarian Mathematicians.

Laos, N.K.(1998) Topics in Mathematical Analysis and Differential Geometry. Singapore:

World Scientific Publishing Co.

Le Bon, G.(1896) The Crowd. London: T. Fisher Unwin.

Lomonosov, V.I.(1973) Invariant Subspaces for the Family of Operators which Commute

with a Completely Continuous Operator, Functional Anal. Appl., 8.

Lorenz, E.(1995) The Essence of Chaos. London: U.C.L. Press.

Marshall, A.(1920) Principles of Economics. New York: St. Martins Press.

Miller, D.(1990) The Icarus Paradox: How Excellent Organizations Can Bring about Their Own

Downfall. New York: Harper Business.

Parsons, T.(1949) The Structure of Social Action. Glencoe, Ill.: The Free Press.

Pascale, R.T.(1990) Managing at the Edge: How Successful Companies Use Conflict to Stay

Ahead. London: Viking Penguin.

Pettigrew, A.(1985) The Awakening Giant. Oxford: Blackwell.

Porter, M.E.(1980) Competitive Strategy. New York: Free Press.

Prastaro, A. and Th.M. Rassias(eds) (1994) Geometry in Partial Differential Equations.

Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co.

Prigogine, I.(1997) The End of Certainty. New York: Free Press.

Prigogine, I. and I. Stengers(1984) Order Out of Chaos. Toronto: Bantam Books.

Rassias, Th.M.(1986) Foundations of Global Nonlinear Analysis. Leipzig: Teubner-Texte zur

Mathematik 86.

Robbins, L.(1935) An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science. London:

Macmillan.

Samuelson, P.A.(1947) Foundations of Economic Analysis. Cambridge: Harvard University

Press.

Schumpeter, J.A.(1934) The Theory of Economic Development. Cambridge: Harvard

University Press.

Senge, P.M.(1990) The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization.

New York: Doubleday Currency.

Stephen, L.(1990) The English Utilitarians. London, 3 .

Thompson, J.D. and A. Tuden(1959) Strategies, Structures and Processes of Organizational

Decisions, : J.D. Thompson and J. Woodward(eds) Comparative Studies in

Administration. Pittsburg: University of Pittsburg Press.

Verhulst, F.(1985) Nonlinear Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems. Berlin: Springer-

Verlag.

Von Neumann, J. and O. Morgenstern(1944) The Theory of Games and Economic Behavior.

Princeton: Princeton University Press.

.

IV

,

. ,

- .

,

,

,

(Antoniou, Reeve and Stenning2000, Blum, Cucker, Shub and Smale1998,

Kondepudi and Prigogine1981).

- ,

: , ,

(

). I,

,

, .

(.. , , ),

(formal) (informal)

(..

,

). ,

,

, , ,

. ,

.

, ,

,

,

,

.

(Taylor)

,

,

.

,

,

, , ,

,

. ,

, ,

.

,

,

.

,

, .. ,

,

. , ,

. , , ,

.

.

: (1)

. (2)

-

. (3)

, ,

. (4)

- ,

,

. (5)

,

.

,

,

, ,

. , ,

. ,

,

,

( . ).

. ,

- . ,

.

1.

(Chester Barnard1938) ()

. ,

(cooperative system)

(ibid).

, :

(i)

. (ii) . (iii)

.

, . (Herbert

Simon1945)

.

, ( )

. ,

, . ,

.

(executive body) .

, .

,

, ,

,

. ,

,

status quo . ,

.

(integration)

(Lawrence and

Lorsch1967).

(informal system)

.

() ,

. , ,

.

, ..

(decreasing returns),

,

, . ,

,

. , ,

/ (diminishing

marginal utility), ,

, /

.

, ,

,

:

(-)

, I (Pascale1990, Samuelson

and Nordhaus1992, Miller1990).

2.

,

(Lawrence and Lorsch1967).

, (Miller1990).

,

,

.

,

, .

, (

,

),

. , , (instability attractor)

(Argyris1990).

.

,

. ,

,

. .

, , ,

(increasing returns).

, ,

(R&D), ,

. ,

,

.

,

. ,

,

, ,

(, ,

, ,

).

de

facto (Anderla, Dunning and Forge1997). ,

Microsoft , ()

(.. WINDOWS),

.

3.

IV,

,

, ,

,

. , ,

,

.

,

(Stacey1993).

. ,

(

), (managers)

, ,

,

.. (Nonaka1988, Waldrop1992).

, - , ,

-

. , ,

: (i), (ii), (iii)

( ). ,

.

,

,

,

, , . ,

.

, . , -

, ,

(Toffler1970).

:

1.

. ,

. .

.

2.

, ,

. .

3.

. , ,

.

. ,

.

( , , ) ,

. ,

(.. ,

, , , ..)

. ,

,

, .

,

. ,

,

(.. /

, , , ,

),

.

,

I,

, ,

.

,

, .

(innovation)

. (

) ,

. ,

(

)

.

- ( )

, ,

(Stacey1991).

.

, ( )

, ,

,

,

( ), , ,

. ,

,

. ,

,

,

.

.

, ,

.

,

( ). ,

(Prigogine and Stengers1984).

,

,

( ).

.

,

(top management) ,

(,

,

)

.

,

,

,

.

-

(.. ,

, /, , ...)

(Kauffman1991 1992). (Boolean network)

(cells)

outputs)

.

() . ,

.

. ,

. ,

: (randomly),

. ,

,

: (local)

(global) ,

(Slavova1993 1995).

,

: ,

, ,

(Radzicki1990)

( )

.

..

,

.

, , .

, ,

.

, .

,

,

. , ,

-

. , (Prigogine and

Herman1971)

, ,

(

), , ,

(

, , ).

(

), , ,

, ..

. ,

, , ,

(.. )

, ..

34 ().

, ,

,

. (Toffler1970)

:

. ,

,

, .

,

, .

.

,

.

34

N.K. Laos, Information Warfare and Low Intensity Operations, Perceptions (June-August 1999, vol. IV), , , (cyberwar) (netwar). , .

,

, , .

,

;

, .

. ;

;

; ; ,

, ,

. ,

,

35. ,

, ,

, ;

( , , )

,

(R.N.

Berki1981, 4).

, ()

:

() (reality as immediacy):

.

, []

, ,

(R.N. Berki1981, 7). ,

, , .

,

,

- . ,

(empathy)

.

() (reality as necessity):

, ,

. [ ]

.

[ ][]

35

, , .

(R.N. Berki1981, 7). ,

.

( )

,

. ,

,

. -

.

, ,

, ,

, . ,

, (.

1984, 65).

() : :

,

,

. ,

, (R.N. Berki1981, 9).

,

. ,

. , ,

,

.

-

,

(), ,

, ,

-, , ,

: , ,

, .

(1988, 55),

,

,

.

,

,

.

, ,

.

.

, ,

, ,

, . ,

.

:

, ,

. (1988, 43, 45-48):

,

: [Ernst Troeltsch, Die Soziallehren der

christlichen Kirchen und Gruppen, 1922], -----

, ,

(universalisme).

: , , .

, ,

,

-

,

(normative theories) .

, ,

,

. ,

()

.

36 ( )

.

,

,

37

36

, () . 37

, , , , status quo (, , ) , status quo ,

38. ,

.

(R.N. Berki1981, 96).

39.

,

, .

,

. -

.

.

, ,

.

, . . , , / . 38

, , /- . 39

, (Loeb, I, 510-512). (Edmund Burke 1729-1797). . . , ( , . E. Burke1986). , , , . . . , . . ( ) , . ( ) , . . . , . (. 1984, 120).

40.

,

, (, , 1009b 17-20).

41.

. ,

( ),

, :

,

, ,

. ,

,

.

,

,

, ,

(. 1984, 138).

,

,

. ,

.

. ,

,

,

.

40

. , . , ( ) : , (. 1988, ). , . N. Laos, The Hesychastic Illuminism and the Theory of the Third Light: Metaphysics, Metapolitics and Ethics, Northampton, UK: White Crane Publishing, 2013

41

. .

,

, , , ,

, . ,

,

. , ,

, , ,

, - . ,

,

,

, ,

(. 1984, 52-53).

, ,

, ,

,

. ,

,

,

. ,

..

42, ( ) ,

42 Ulrich Beck - -

. Beck

, .

Beck.

- ,

,

. ,

( )

(

)

. ,

, .

,

( )

( ..

). , ,

,

. Beck ,

,

43,

,

, (

) ,

.

,

:

,

,

,

de facto , ,

, . ,

.

,

,

,

(. 2006).

43

,

(

),

. ,

, ( )

, , .

,

,

,

,

.

,

(. 2006).

.

[ ] ,

44 ,

. ,

,

,

, (K. Mannheim1936).

44

, , , - .

IV

Anderla, G., A. Dunning and S. Forge(1997) Chaotics. Twickenham: Adamantine Press.

Antoniou, I., M. Reeve and V. Stenning(2000) Information Society as a Complex System, J.

Univ. Comp. Sci.,6.

Argyris, C.(1990) Overcoming Organizational Defenses: Facilitating Organizational Learning.

Boston: Allyn&Bacon/Prentice-Hall.

Barnard, C.(1938) The Functions the Executive. Cambridge:Harvard University Press.

Berki, R.N.(1981) On Political Realism. London: J.M. Dent & Sons.

Blum, L., F. Cucker, M. Shub and S. Smale(1998) Complexity and Real Computation. New

York: Springer-Verlag.

Burke, E.(1986) The Political Philosophy of Edmund Burke, selected and introd. I. Hampsher-

Monk. London: Longman.

Coase, R.H.(1937) The Nature of the Firm, Economica, IV(Nov.).

Coleman, J.S.(1994) Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard

University Press.

, .(1984) . : .

, .(2006) . :

, .

, .(2006) . :

, .

Higgins, B.(1939) Elements of Indeterminancy in the Theory of Non-perfect Competition,

Am. Econ. Rev., XXIX(Sept.).

Kauffman, S.A.(1991) Antichaos and Adaptation, Scientific American, August.

Kauffman, S.A.(1992) Origins of Order Self Organization and Selection in Evolution. Oxford:

Oxford University Press.

Kondepudi, D. and I. Prigogine(1981) Sensitivity of Non-Equilibrium Systems, Physica,

107A.

Laos, N., The Hesychastic Illuminism and the Theory of the Third Light: Metaphysics,

Metapolitics and Ethics, Northampton, UK: White Crane Publishing, 2013

Laos, N.K.(1999) Information Warfare and Low Intensity Operations, Perceptions, IV.

Lawrence, P.R. and J.W. Lorsch(1967) Organization and Environment. Cambridge: Harvard

University Press.

Mannheim, K.(1936) Ideology and Utopia. New York: Harcourt Brace.

, .(1984) . : .

Miller, D.(1990) The Icarus Paradox: How Excellent Organizatios Can Bring about Their Own

Downfall. New York: Harper Business.

Nonaka, I.(1988) Creating Organizational Order Out of Chaos: Self Renewal in Japanese

Firms, California Management Review, Spring.

, .(1988), . : .

Pascale, R.T.(1990) Managing on the Edge: How Successful Companies Use Conflict to Stay

Ahead. London: Viking Penguin.

Prigogine, I. and R. Herman(1971) Kinetic Theory of Vehicular Traffic. New York: Elsevier.

Prigogine, I. and I. Stengers(1984) Order Out of Chaos. Toronto: Bantam Books.

Radzicki, M.J.(1990) Institutional Dynamics, Deterministic Chaos, and Self-Organizing

Systems, Journal of Economic Issues, 24(1).

Reder, M.(1947) A Reconsideration of the Marginal Productivity Theory, Jour. Pol. Econ.,

LV(Oct.).

Samuelson, P.A. and W.D. Nordhaus(1992) Economics. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

Scitovsky, T.(1943) A Note on Profit Maximization, Rev. Econ. Stud., XI(Winter).

Simon, H.A.(1947) Administrative Behavior. New York: Macmillan.

Slavova, A.(1993) Dynamic Properties of Cellular Neural Networks, Jour. Appl. Math. and

Stoch. Anal., 6(2).

Slavova, A.(1995) Stability Analysis of Cellular Neural Networks with Nonlinear Dynamics,

: S. Bilchev and S. Tersian(eds), Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on

Differential Equations and Applications. Rousse: University of Rousse/Union of Bulgarian

Mathematicians.

Stacey, R.D.(1991) The Chaos Frontier: Creative Strategic Control for Business. Oxford:

Burterworth-Heinemann.

Stacey, R.D.(1993) Strategic Management and Organizational Dynamics. London: Pitman.

Toffler, A.(1970) Future Shock. New York: Bantam Books.

Waldrop, M.M.(1992) Complexity: The Emerging Science at the Edge of Order and Chaos.

London: Viking.