GREEK1.) Chersiphron(/krsfrn/;Greek:; fl. 6th century BC), an architect ofKnossosinancient Crete, was the builder of theTemple of ArtemisatEphesus, on theIonian coast. The temple had been begun about 600 BC, and was completed by other architects.Chersiphron and his sonMetageneswere co-authors of its building.TheArtemisionwas one of theSeven Wonders of the Ancient Worldin each of its three manifestations: it was destroyed in 550 BC, rebuilt, burned byHerostratusin 356 BC and rebuilt again.The architect's name is recalled inVitruvius, and in a passage ofPlinyas "Ctesiphon", perhaps in confusion with the greatParthiancityof the same name on theriverTigris.TEMPLE OF ARTEMIS

2.) Theodorus of Samos(Greek: ) was a 6th-century BCancient Greeksculptorandarchitectfrom theGreek islandofSamos. Along withRhoecus, he was often credited with theinventionof oresmeltingand, according toPausanias, the craft ofcasting. He is also credited with inventing a water level, a carpenter's square, and, according toPliny, alock and keyand the turninglathe. According toVitruvius(vii, introduction), Theodorus is the architect of theDoric OrdertempleHeraion of Samostemple. In some texts he is described, above all, as a great artist and in some statues he is depicted as a great inventor.TEMPLE OF HERA. OLYMPIA, GREECE. 590 B.C.

Also known as Heraion, the Temple of Hera is an ancient Doric Greek temple that was destroyed by an earthquake in the early 4th century A.D. and was never rebuilt. Today, the ruined temple is where the torch of the Olympic flames is located and lit. This temple was dedicated to Hera, a female deity in Greek religion.

3.) Libonwas a 5th-century BCarchitectofAncient Greece. Born inElis, he built theDorictemple to ZeusatOlympiain about 460 BC.Libon, through his work on the Temple of Zeus at Olympia, is said to have inspired the technique and design of theParthenonon theAthenianAcropolis though this was obviously later and more perfected.THE TEMPLE OF ZEUS. OLYMPIA, GREECE. 460 B.C.

Designed by Libon of Elis, the Temple of Zeus at Olympia was an ancient Greek temple dedicated to the chief of the gods; Zeus. It was built between 472 B.C. and 456 B.C. and served as the very model of the fully developed classical Greek temple of the Doric order. It had carved metopes and triglyph friezes, as well as pediments filled with sculptures in the Severe Style.

4.) Callicrates(/klkrtiz/;Greek:,Kallikrats) was anancient Greekarchitect active in the middle of the fifth century BC. He andIctinuswerearchitectsof theParthenon(Plutarch,Pericles, 13).An inscription identifies him as the architect of "the Temple ofNike" in theSanctuary of Athena Nikeon theAcropolisThe temple in question is either theamphiprostyleTemple of Athena Nikenow visible on the siteor a small-scale predecessor (naiskos) whose remains were found in the later temple's foundations.An inscription identifies Callicrates as one of the architects of the Classical circuit wall of the Acropolis , and Plutarch further states (loc. cit.) that he contracted to build theMiddleof three amazing walls linkingAthensandPiraeus.THE PARTHENON. ATHENS, GREECE. 447 B.C. 432 B.C.

Considered as the most renowned of all Greek temples, the Parthenon is one of the most influential buildings in the world of architecture. It was dedicated to Pericles by Ictinus and Callicrates and was ornamented with sculpture under the direction of Pheidias. The hypostyle naos of this temple contained a colossal statue of Athena.5.) Parmenionwas an architect,who was employed byAlexander the Greatin the building ofAlexandria. He was entrusted with the superintendence of the works of sculpture, especially in the temple ofSerapis(Serapium), which came to be called by his name Parmenionis.Clement of Alexandria, however, ascribes thegreat statue of SerapistoBryaxis. He is also mentioned byVitruvius. TEMPLE OF SERAPIS

6.) Dinocrates of Rhodes(alsoDeinocrates,Dimocrates,CheirocratesandStasicrates;Greek: , fl. last quarter of the 4th century BC) was aGreekarchitectand technical adviser forAlexander the Great. He is known for his plan for the city ofAlexandria, the monumental funeral pyre forHephaestionand the reconstruction of theTemple of ArtemisatEphesus, as well as other works

TEMPLE OF ARTEMIS. CORFU, GREECE.

One of the most ancient edifices in Corfu, Greece, the Temple of Artemis was built and dedicated to Artemis and functioned as a sanctuary. It is known as the first Doric temple that was exclusively built with stone and the first building to have integrated all the elements of the Doric architectural style.

7.) Ictinus(/ktans/;Greek:,Iktinos) was anarchitectactive in the mid 5th century BC.Ancient sources identify Ictinus andCallicratesas co-architects of theParthenon.Pausaniasidentifies Ictinus as architect of theTemple of Apollo at Bassae. That temple wasDoricon the exterior,Ionicon the interior, and incorporated aCorinthiancolumn, the earliest known, at the center rear of thecella. Sources also identify Ictinus as architect of theTelesterionatEleusis, a gigantic hall used in theEleusinian Mysteries.TEMPLE OF APOLLO AT BASSAE

8.) Phaeax(Greek:) was a celebrated architect ofAgrigentum, who flourished about 480 BCE, and executed several important public works for his native city. Among the most remarkable of these works were the sewers, which were named after the architect.

9.) Mnesikles(Greek:; Latin transliteration:Mnesicles) was an ancientAthenianarchitectactive in the mid 5th century BCE, the age ofPericles. Plutarch(Pericles, 13) identifies him as architect of thePropylaea, thePericleangateway to theAthenian Acropolis. PROPYLAEA

10.) Aelius Niconwas aGreekarchitectand builder in 2nd century ADPergamon. Nicon is known only as the father of the ancientanatomistand philosopher,Galen.Nicon was a mathematician, architect, astronomer, philosopher, and devotee of Greek literature. Nicon closely supervised Galen's education and tutored him at home, intending his son to study philosophy or politics. However according to Galen, Nicon was visited in a dream byAsclepius,Greek godof healing, who told to him to allow his son to study medicine. Galen soon began his studies at the major sanctuary of Asclepius located in Pergamon.

PERGAMON

11.) Philon,Athenianarchitectof the 4th century BC, is known as the planner of two important works: theporticoof twelve Doric columns to the greatHall of the MysteriesatEleusis(work commissioned byDemetrius Phalereusabout 318 BC) and, under the administration ofLycurgus, anarsenalat Athens.[1]Of the last we have exact knowledge from an inscription. E. A. Gardner observes that it "is perhaps known to us more in detail than any other lost monument of antiquity."[2]It was to hold the rigging of thegalleys; and was so contrived that all its contents were visible from a central hall, and so liable to the inspection of the Atheniandemocracy. He is known to have written books on the Athenian arsenal and on the proportions of temple buildings,[3]but these are now lost.Vitruvius(vii, introduction) quotes Philon on theproportionsof temples, and on the naval arsenal which was at the port ofPiraeus.Philon's arsenal was destroyed by the forces ofLucius Cornelius Sullain theRoman conquest of Athens in 86 BC.THEPORTICOOF TWELVE DORIC COLUMNS TO THE GREATHALL OF THE MYSTERIESATELEUSIS

12.) Pythius, also known asPytheosorPythis, was aGreek architectof the 4th century BCE. He built theTemple of Athena Poliascited byVitruvius(I.1.12): "Pythius, the celebrated builder of the temple of Minerva at Priene".Pythius disparaged theDoric order, according to Vitruvius (IV.3.1), for the "faults and incongruities" caused by the inconvenient placing oftriglyphs,[2]and cultivated instead theIonic orderused extensively inAsia Minor. The dedicatory inscription, of the Temple of Athena which today is in theBritish Museum, records that the founder wasAlexander the Great.Vitruvius(I.1.12 and VII.Introduction.12) twice mentions the lostCommentariesof Pythius, which explicated his system of proportions at Priene.Pythius andSatyroswere the co-designers of the greatMausoleum at Halicarnassuson theAegean SeaoppositeGreece, with Pythius being credited with the great marblequadrigawhich surmounted the mausoleum.TEMPLE OF ATHENA POLIAS

13.) SatyrosorSatyruswas aGreek architectin the 4th century BC. Along withPythius of Priene, he designed and oversaw the construction of theMausoleum at Halicarnassus.MAUSOLEUM AT HALICARNASSUS

14.) Sostratus ofCnidus(/sstrts/;Greek: ; born 3rd century BC), was aGreekarchitectandengineer. He designed thelighthouse of Alexandria, one of theSeven Wonders of the Ancient World(c. 280 BC), on theislandofPharosoffAlexandria, Egypt.

LIGHTHOUSE OF ALEXANDRIA

15.) Xenariuswas a Greek architect and urban planner during the 3rd century BC. He is known for his plan for the city ofAntioch. The grid layout of the city is believed to be influenced byDinocrates'plan ofAlexandria. CITY OF ANTIOCH

ROMAN1.) Marcus Vitruvius Pollio(born c. 8070 BC, died after c. 15BC), commonly known asVitruvius, was aRomanauthor, architect, andcivil engineerduring the 1st century BC, known for his multi-volume work entitledDe Architectura.By his own descriptionVitruvius served as an artilleryman, the third class of arms in the military offices. He probably served as a senior officer of artillery in charge ofdoctores ballistarum(artillery experts) andlibratoreswho actually operated the machines.

2.) Apollodorus of Damascus(Greek:) was aGreekengineer, architect, designer and sculptor who flourished during the 2nd century AD, fromDamascus,Roman Syria.[2]He also designed theForum TrajanumandTrajan's Columnwithin the city ofRome, beside several smaller projects. Apollodorus also designed the triumphal arches of Trajan atBeneventumandAncona. He is also widely credited as the architect of thePantheon, and cited as the builder of theAlcontar BridgeinSpain. In 106 he also completed or restored theodeonbegun in theCampus MartiusunderDomitian.FORUM TRAJANUM

TRAJAN'S COLUMN details

3.) Lucius Cocceius Auctus(1st century BC and 1st century AD) was aRomanarchitect employed byOctavian's strategist (and successor)Agrippato excavate the subterranean passageways thecrypta neapolitanaconnecting modern-dayNaplesandPozzuoliand theGrotta di Cocceioconnecting LakeAvernusandCumae. Cocceius was responsible for the conversion of theCapitoliumin Pozzuoli into a Temple ofAugustuswith the backing of the merchant Lucius Calpurnius. Cocceius Auctus also built the originalPantheoninRome.TEMPLE OF AUGUSTUS

TheTemple of Augustus(Croatian:Augustov hram) is a well-preservedRoman templein the city ofPula,Croatia(known in Roman times asPola). Dedicated to the firstRoman emperor,Augustus, it was probably built during the emperor's lifetime at some point between 2 BC and his death in AD 14.It was built on apodiumwith atetrastyleprostyleporch ofCorinthiancolumns and measures about 8m (26ft) by 17.3m (57ft). The richly decorated frieze is similar to that of a somewhat larger and older temple, theMaison CarreinNmes,France.

4.) Lucius Vitruvius Cordowas an ancient Roman architect active inVerona. His only known work is theArco dei Gavi, a 1st-century arch inVerona, Italy.The arch is inscribed "Lucius Vitruvius Cerdo, a freedman of Lucius", which has led to Verona being suggested as the birthplace of the earlier and better-known architectMarcus Vitruvius Pollio. ARCO DEI GAVI

TheArco dei Gaviis an ancient structure inVerona, northernItaly. It was built by thegensGavia, a noble Roman family who had their hometown in Verona, at the beginning of theVia Postumia, the Roman road leading to the city. During theMiddle Agesit was used as a gate in the walls.

5.) Rabiriuswas anAncient Romanarchitectwho lived during the 1st and 2nd Century AD.His designs included the massiveFlavian Palace, situated on thePalatine HillatRome, and theAlban Villaat present-dayCastel Gandolfo, both erected on a commission by his patron,emperorDomitian. Domitian's care for the architect may have been mirrored byVespasianandTitus, his son, as theColosseuminRome(across from thePalatine Hill) resembles his work. It has even been suggested that he did theArch of Titus, a commemorativearchnext to the Colosseum honoring the defeat ofJewishnationalism in 79, but the style is not similar enough to make connections past those suggested by the fame of the monuments, one to theRoman Empireand to Rome, and one to the defeat of theThe Great Revoltin Judea, begun byVespasian, and completed by his son, the future Roman EmperorTitus.

FLAVIAN PALACE

TheFlavian Palace, also known asDomus Flavia, is a part of the vast residential complex of the Roman Emperors on thePalatine HillinRome. It was completed in92 ADin the reign ofTitus Flavius Domitianus, more commonly known as the Emperor Domitian,and attributed to his master architect,Rabirius.

6.) Cyruswas a Greek architect who lived inRomein the times ofCicero. He died the year 53BC, the same dayPublius Clodius Pulcherwas killed. It is known that he may have never married or had children even though some resources point that his great-grandchildren were friends ofQuintus Mucius Scaevola.He worked as an architect for Cicero, who mentions him as the author of outstanding works inAd familiares7.14,Ad Atticum2.3,Ad Quintum2.21 andPro Milone17.

7.) Decriannuswas the official architect of the Roman emperorHadrian,who repaired the Egyptian city ofAlexandria.

8.) Lucius Cocceius Auctus(1st century BC and 1st century AD) was aRomanarchitect employed byOctavian's strategist (and successor)Agrippato excavate the subterranean passageways thecrypta neapolitanaconnecting modern-dayNaplesandPozzuoliand theGrotta di Cocceioconnecting LakeAvernusandCumae. Cocceius was responsible for the conversion of theCapitoliumin Pozzuoli into a Temple ofAugustuswith the backing of the merchant Lucius Calpurnius. Cocceius Auctus also built the originalPantheoninRome.

THEPANTHEON

ThePantheon(/pnin/orUS/pnin/;Latin:Pantheon) is a building inRome,Italy,It is one of the best-preserved of allAncient Romanbuildings. It has been in continuous use throughout its history, and since the 7th century, the Pantheon has been used as aRoman Catholicchurchdedicated to "St. Maryand the Martyrs" but informally known as "Santa Maria Rotonda".The square in front of the Pantheon is calledPiazza della Rotonda.

EGYPTIAN1.) Amenhotep, son of Hapu, was anarchitect, apriest, ascribe, and apublic official, who held a number of offices underAmenhotep III.He is said to have been born at the end ofThutmose III's reign, in the town ofAthribis(modernBanhain the north ofCairo). His father was Hapu, and his mother Itu.[1]He was a priest and a Scribe of Recruits (organizing the labour and supplying the manpower for the Pharaoh's projects, both civilian and military). He was also an architect and supervised several building projects, among themAmenhotep III's mortuary temple at westernThebes, of which only two statues remain nowadays, known as theColossi of Memnon.COLOSSI OF MEMNON

TheColossi of Memnon(known to locals asel-Colossat,ores-Salamat)are two massive stone statues ofPharaohAmenhotep III. For the past 3400 years (since 1350 BC) they have stood in theThebannecropolis, across theRiver Nilefrom the modern city ofLuxor.

2.) Imhotep(/mhotp/;]also spelledImmutef,Im-hotep, orIi-em-Hotep; calledImuthes() by the Greeks; fl. 27th century BC (c. 26502600 BC);Egyptian:-m-tp*j-im-tapmeaning "the one who comes in peace, is with peace") was anEgyptianpolymath[2]who served under theThird DynastykingDjoseraschancellorto thepharaohand high priest of the sun godRa(or Re) atHeliopolis. He is considered by some to be the earliest knownarchitectandengineerandphysicianin early history,though two other physicians,Hesy-RaandMerit-Ptah, lived around the same time. The full list of his titles is:Chancellor of the King of Egypt, Doctor, First in line after the King of Upper Egypt, Administrator of the Great Palace, Hereditary nobleman, High Priest of Heliopolis, Builder, Chief Carpenter, Chief Sculptor, and Maker of Vases in Chief.

PYRAMID OF DJOSER THE STEP PYRAMID AT SAQQARA ThePyramid of Djoser(orZoser), orstep pyramid(kbhw-ntrwinEgyptian) is an archeological remain in theSaqqaranecropolis,Egypt, northwest of the city ofMemphis. It was built during the27th century BCfor the burial ofPharaohDjoserbyImhotep, hisvizier. It is the central feature of a vastmortuarycomplex in an enormouscourtyardsurrounded by ceremonial structures and decoration.

3.) Senenmut(sometimes spelledSenmutorSenmout) was an18th dynastyancient Egyptianarchitectand government official. His name translates literally as "mother's brother." MORTUARY TEMPLE OF HATSHEPSUT

TheMortuary Temple ofQueen Hatshepsut, theDjeser-Djeseru("Holy of Holies"), is located beneath the cliffs atDeir el Baharion the west bank of theNilenear theValley of the KingsinEgypt. Themortuary templeis dedicated to the sun godAmon-Raand is located next to the mortuary temple ofMentuhotep II, which served both as an inspiration, and later, a quarry. It is considered one of the "incomparable monuments of ancient Egypt."