REFER FOR COMPOSELet us express with Score

This document is created using LATEX2εand Lilypond-ver2.18.2-by, Yukio Yoshida.(2016)

Fist of all

Chorus position

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”c d e f g a b” is default position of LilyPond(Gnu Music Typesitter).

Units value(default in World); a,=110Hz a=220Hz a’=440Hz a”=880Hz—on LilyPond—

Tree of durations(note)–divisor-note table–1(Whole note)⇒2(Half note)⇒4(Quarter note)⇒8(Eigth note)⇒16(Sixteenth note) � � � � � � � ��

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`Sixteenth note' can do division `Thirty-second note' and `Thirty-second note' can dodivision `sixty-fourth note' .......

As other note(duration) are `Augmentation dots' that make augmentation the note.

For example a4.. ; is a4 note that have duration a4+eight+sixteenth . like this � �� or� ��

Also `Tie' symbol in music sheet is connect among same note.

For example a8 ~ a2 ; But this is `As a rule use when stride among bar'.

Must have attention! `Tie of stride among bar' is make Syncopation on rhythm

---In general, the music; Shot first is strong beat. ---

Notion of notes is different between Now time and Old time.

Old time; Whole note ⇒ Half notes ⇒ Quarter notes⇒ Eigth notes ⇒ Sixteenth notesNow time; Sixteenth notes ⇒ Eigth notes ⇒ Quarter notes⇒ Half notes ⇒ Whole noteIn short, Notes of old time is division for Whole note.But, Note of now time is increase from the smallest notes. (You! Never Don’t forgot this!)

1

About; Beat, Time(Signature) and Rhythm.

In science, the flow of time is exactly the same stimulus (or lead) is called apulse at regular intervals on the event make a comeback. In addition, the pulsefrom its definition, there must be no distinction between the pulse and pulse.

– here, and the flow of time is not that of history, is the sense that it is in time. –

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•BeatBeat and say what there is a distinction between the pulse and pulse. For

example, the existence and psychologically strong pulse (prominent), those witha weak pulse distinction that psychologically present (inconspicuous).And accent (prominent) (inconspicuous) is not the meaning of the sound (in-tensity). Do you feel strongly for the meaning of human psychology, or feelweak. — Those involved in music must not forget this —

�� ���� � ���� ��� �� ��� ��

�������� ������ ���The birth of the high or low, and also, the determination of the unit to various criteria.

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For example; like this in the music-world.

� �� � � � � �� � �� � ��� 43 � � � �� �

� �� � � � � � � �� � �8 � � � � � � � �

This is a bar and the three pieces together a number of beats, each beat is aquarter note and wrote with the Time Signature , are summanized in the ClefTreble the height of the beat(or note).

•Time SignatureThe time signature of a piece of music consists of two numbers written at the

beginning that show how many beats there are in each bar. (by Collins CobuldDictionary)

•ClefA clef is a symbol at the beginning of a line of music that indicates the pitch

of the written notes.(by Collins Cobuld Dictionary)

•Still draft

•Still draft

•Still draft

2

Exsampl of music sheet(maked by lilypond)

The autumn dusk of Pisaat Pisa city

yukio yoshida

No.26(Nov. 15, 2007)

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cello 1, 11

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cello I,II

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Music engraving by LilyPond 2.18.2—www.lilypond.org

http://WWW.sheet-poem.com/poem/html/2007/2016/pisa/svg/svg-pisa.html

or pisa in http://WWW.sheet-poem.com/poem/

This is “Source code”(pisa.ly);

#(set-default-paper-size "a4")#(set-global-staff-size 16)\version "2.18"

\paper {page-top-space = 00.00\mm

top-margin = 00.00\mm head-separation = 00.00\mmpaper-height = 180\mm %% indent = 0.00\mmline-width = 160\mm print-page-number=##f

}\header {

title = "The autumn dusk of Pisa"subtitle = "at Pisa city"

subsubtile = \markup { \center-column {"bass; F clef on 4th line.""treble; G clef on 2th line." } }

composer = \markup { \italic "yukio yoshida" }arranger = \markup{\tiny "No.26(Nov. 15, 2007)"}

}bass = {

3

%1--5

\autoBeamOff\partial 4 cis4_\pp^\markup{\italic "cello I, II" } |

e8[_\mf fis] r[ g] e1 | cis8[ d] r[ e] cis1 | d8[ e] r[ fis] d1 |b,8[ cis] r[ d] cis1 | e8[ fis] r[ e] d1 | \break

%6--10

\repeat volta 2 { r4 fis4. g2 e8[ d cis] } |fis2.^\markup {\italic "cello I" } g8[ a] cis’2 |

\clef trebler8[^\markup{\italic "cello I,II" } fis’ a’] b’4. cis’’2. |

\repeat volta 3 { fis’8[ e’] a’4 g’8[ fis’] e’2. |a’8[ g’] cis’’4 b’8[ a’] g’2.~ | \break

%11--15

g’2^\markup {\italic "cello I" } a’8[ b’ cis’’] fis’2~ fis’8 |e’8^\markup{\italic "cello I,II" }[ fis’ g’] cis’’1 r8 |

\clef bass fis8[ e d] cis4. d8[ cis b,] r8^\markup {\italic "cello I" } g,4 |e,2. b,8[ a, g,] r8 e,4~ | e,1.^\fermata | } \break

%16--20

R1. |\clef treble e’8^\markup{\italic "cello I,II" }[ fis’ g’] cis’’1 r8 |

\clef bass e8[ d cis] b,4. cis8[ b, a,] r8 fis,4 |d,2. a,8[ g, fis,] r4. | d,1.^\fermata \bar "|."

}bassM = {%1--5

\partial 4 cis4_\pp |e8[^\mf fis] r[ g] e1 | cis8[ d] r[ e] cis1 | d8[ e] r[ fis] d1 |

b,8[ cis] r[ d] cis1 | e8[ fis] r[ e] d1 | \break%6--10

\repeat volta 2 { r4 fis4. g2 e8[ d cis] } |

R1. |\clef treble d’8[ fis’ a’] b’4. cis’’2. |

\repeat volta 3 { fis’8[ e’] a’4 g’8[ fis’] e’2. |a’8[ g’] cis’’4 b’8[ a’] g’2. | \break

%11-15R1. |a’8[ b’ cis’’] fis’’1 r8 |

\clef bass fis8[ e d] cis4. d8[ cis b,] r4.~ | R1. * 2 | } \break%16--20

R1. |\clef treble e’8 [ fis’ g’] cis’’1 r8 |\clef bass e8[ d cis] b,4. cis8[ b, a,] r8 fis,4 |

d,2. a,8[ g, fis,] r4. | d,1.^\fermata \bar "|."}

pianoUP = {%1--5

\autoBeamOff\partial 4 r4 | R1. * 5 | \break

%6--10

\repeat volta 2 { R1. } |fis’’4. d’’8[ cis’’ b’] a’2. |

g’’4. e’’8[ d’’ cis’’] b’2. |\repeat volta 3 { fis’’4. e’’8[ d’’ cis’’] b’2. |g’’4. e’’8[ d’’ cis’’] b’2. | \break

%11--15g’’8[ fis’’ e’’] r8 fis’’1 | fis’’8[ e’’ d’’] r8 e’’1 | R1. * 2 |

r1 fis’’8[ e’’] b’4 | } \break%16--20

fis’1.^\fermata | fis’’4. d’’8[ cis’’ b’] a’2. |g’’8[ fis’’ e’’] r8 fis’’1 | fis’’8[ e’’ d’’] r8 e’’1 |fis’1.^\fermata \bar "|."

}pianoDown = {

%1--5\autoBeamOff\partial 4 cis4_\f |

e8^\mf fis4 e1 r8 | cis8[ d] cis1 r4 | d8[ e] d1 r4 |b,8[ cis] cis1 r4 | e8[ fis] d1 r4 | \break

%6--10\repeat volta 2{ fis1 r4 cis8[ b,] } |

R1. *2 | \repeat volta 3 { R1. * 2 | \break%11--15

<d a,>1. | <cis g,>1. | R1. * 3 | } \break

%16--20<fis, cis>1.^\fermata | <d a,>1. | <cis g,>1. | <d a,>1. |

<fis, cis>1.^\fermata \bar "|."}

%% get sheet music --------------------------------------------------------\score {

<<\context ChoirStaff = "FourPartStaffaddchorus" <<

\new Voice = "bass" { \clef bass \key d\major \time 3/2\set Staff.instrumentName = \markup {\tiny "cello 1, 11 "} \bass }

>>

\context PianoStaff

<<\context Staff = "upper" \new Voice { \clef treble \key d\major \time 3/2

\set Staff.fontSize = #-3\override Staff.StaffSymbol #’staff-space = #(magstep -3)\override Staff.StaffSymbol #’thickness =#(magstep -3)

4

\set Staff.instrumentName = \markup {\column{" " " " "piano "}}

\pianoUP }

\context Staff = "lower" \new Voice { \clef bass \key d\major \time 3/2\set Staff.fontSize = #-3

\override Staff.StaffSymbol #’staff-space = #(magstep -3)

\override Staff.StaffSymbol #’thickness =#(magstep -3)\pianoDown }

>>>>

\layout {}}

%% get midi music --------------------------------------------------------\score {

<<\context ChoirStaff = "FourPartStaffaddchorus" <<\new Voice = "bass" { \clef bass \key d\major \time 3/2

\set Staff.midiInstrument = "cello" \unfoldRepeats \bass }

\new Voice = "bass" { \clef bass \key d\major \time 3/2\set Staff.midiInstrument = "cello" \unfoldRepeats \bassM }

>>

\context PianoStaff

<<\context Staff = "upper" \new Voice { \clef treble \key d\major \time 3/2

\set Staff.midiInstrument = "acoustic grand" \unfoldRepeats \pianoUP }

\context Staff = "lower" \new Voice { \clef bass \key d\major \time 3/2

\set Staff.midiInstrument = "acoustic grand" \unfoldRepeats \pianoDown }>>

>>\midi { tempoWholesPerMinute = #(ly:make-moment 48 4) }

}

¶ In the same representation(This is one way of writing.), the way of description,There are a variety of description method by each person. — on LilyPond —

5

Exsampl of music sheet(maked by lilypond)

Treble; G clef on 2nd lineKey Signature is printed automatically for each Clef(and notes)—on LilyPond—

Chorus scaleVoice music

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mezzo

soprano

soprano

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C clef on 2nd line

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Music engraving by LilyPond 2.18.2—www.lilypond.org

This is “Source code”(chorus.ly);

#(set-default-paper-size "a4")

#(set-global-staff-size 16)\version "2.18.2"\paper {

page-top-space = 00.00\mmtop-margin = 00.00\mm head-separation = 00.00\mm

paper-height = 180\mm %% indent = 0.00\mmline-width = 160\mm print-page-number=##f

}

\header {title = "Chorus scale"

subtitle = "Voice music"}

soprano = { c’1\startGroup\startGroup^\markup{ "C clef on 1st line" }\bar " "d’ \bar " " e’ \bar " " f’ \bar " " g’ \bar " " a’ \bar " " b’ \bar " "%

c’’ \bar " " d’’ \bar " " e’’ \bar " " f’’ \bar " " g’’ \bar " "%

6

a’’\stopGroup \bar " "

\override NoteHead #’color = #red b’’ \bar " " c’’’\stopGroup s1 | }

sopranoL = \lyricmode { c’ d’ e’ f’ g’ a’ b’ c’’ d’’ e’’ f’’ g’’ a’’ b’’ c’’’ }

mezzosoprano = { a1\startGroup\startGroup^\markup { \column {

" " " " " " "C clef on 2nd line" } }b c’ d’ e’ f’ g’ a’ b’ c’’ d’’ e’’ f’’\stopGroup \bar " "

\override NoteHead #’color = #red g’’ a’’\stopGroup s1 | }

mezzosopranoL = \lyricmode { a b c’ d’ e’ f’ g’ a’ b’ c’’ d’’ e’’ f’’ g’’ a’’ }

alto = { f1\startGroup^\markup { \column { " " " " " " "C clef on 3rd line" } }g a\( b c’ d’ e’ f’ g’ a’ b’ c’’ d’’\stopGroup

\override NoteHead #’color = #red e’’ f’’ \bar " " g’’\) }

altoL = \lyricmode { f g a b c’ d’ e’ f’ g’ a’ b’ c’’ d’’ e’’ f’’ g’’ }

tenor = { c1\startGroup\startGroup^\markup { \column {" " " " " " "C clef on 4th line" } }

d e f g a b c’ d’ e’ f’ g’ a’\stopGroup\override NoteHead #’color = #red b’ c’’\stopGroup s1 | }

tenorL = \lyricmode { c d e f g a b c’ d’ e’ f’ g’ a’ b’ c’’ }

bariton = { g,1\startGroup\startGroup^\markup { \column {" " " " " " "C clef on 5th line" } }

a, b, c d e f g a b c’ d’ e’ f’\stopGroup\override NoteHead #’color = #red g’ a’\stopGroup | }

baritonL = \lyricmode { g, a, b, c d e f g a b c’ d’ e’ f’ g’ a’ }

bass = { e,1\startGroup\startGroup^\markup { \column {

" " " " " " "F clef on 4th line" } }f, g, a, b, c d e f g a b c’ d’\stopGroup

\override NoteHead #’color = #red e’ f’\stopGroup | }

bassL = \lyricmode { e, f, g, a, b, c d e f g a b c’ d’ e’ f’ }

%% get sheet music --------------------------------------------------------

\score {<<

\context ChoirStaff = "FourPartStaffaddchorus" <<\new Voice = "soprano" { \clef soprano \key c\major \time 4/4

\set Staff.instrumentName = "soprano" \soprano }

\new Lyrics \lyricsto "soprano" { \sopranoL }

\new Voice = "mezzosop" { \clef mezzosoprano \key c\major \time 4/4\set Staff.instrumentName =

\markup {\column{ "mezzo" "soprano" }} \mezzosoprano }

\new Lyrics \lyricsto "soprano" { \mezzosopranoL }

\new Voice = "alto" { \clef alto \key c\major \time 4/4\set Staff.instrumentName = "alto " \alto }

\new Lyrics \lyricsto "alto" { \altoL }

\new Voice = "tenor" { \clef tenor \key c\major \time 4/4

\set Staff.instrumentName = "tenor " \tenor }\new Lyrics \lyricsto "tenor" { \tenorL }

\new Voice = "bariton" { \clef baritone \key c\major \time 4/4\set Staff.instrumentName = "bariton " \bariton }

\new Lyrics \lyricsto "bariton" { \baritonL }

\new Voice = "bass" { \clef bass \key c\major \time 4/4\set Staff.instrumentName = "bass " \bass }

\new Lyrics \lyricsto "bass" { \bassL }>>

>>

\layout {\context {

\Staff\consists "Horizontal_bracket_engraver"\override StaffSymbol #’transparent = ##f

\override TimeSignature #’transparent = ##t\override BarLine #’transparent = ##f

\consists "Pitch_squash_engraver"}

}

%%\midi { tempoWholesPerMinute = #(ly:make-moment 68 4) }

}

¶ In the same representation(This is one way of writing.), the way of description,There are a variety of description method by each person. — on LilyPond —

7

Signature — Tonic(I) , Dominant(V) , Subdominant(IV) —

\key c\major = LilyPond coding notes is like this, c d e f g a b

�� ��� �Default. ��\key g\major = like this, c d e fis g a b

�� ��g\major �� � ��\key d\major = like this, cis d e fis g a b

�� ��d\major �� �� ��\key a\major = like this, cis d e fis gis a b

�� ��a\major �� ��� ��\key e\major = like this, cis dis e fis gis a b

�� ��e\major �� ���� ��\key b\major = like this, cis dis e fis gis ais b

�� ��b\major �� ����� ��\key fis\major = like this, cis dis eis fis gis ais b

�� ��fis\major �� ������ ��\key cis\major = like this, cis dis eis fis gis ais bis

�� ��cis\major �� ������� ��LilyPond [ Returned to default. ]Key Signature is printed automatically for each Clef(and notes)—on LilyPond—

8

Signature — Tonic(I) , Dominant(V) , Subdominant(IV) —

\key c\major = LilyPond coding notes is like this, c d e f g a b

�� ��� �Default. ��\key f\major = like this, c d e f g a bes

�� ��f\major �� � ��\key bes\major = like this, c d ees f g a bes

�� ��bes\major �� �� ��\key ees\major = like this, c d ees f g aes bes

�� ��ees\major �� ��� ��\key aes\major = like this, c des ees f g aes bes

�� ��aes\major �� ���� ��\key des\major = like this, c des ees f ges aes bes

�� ��des\major �� ����� ��\key ges\major = like this, ces des ees f ges aes bes

�� ��ges\major �� ������ ��\key ces\major = like this, ces des ees fes ges aes bes

�� ��ces\major �� ������� ��LilyPond [ Returned to default. ]Key Signature is printed automatically for each Clef(and notes)—on LilyPond—

9

All are automatically formatted.

key c major (LilyPond coding notes like this;) c d e f g a b

� tenor � bass

�soprano

� treble � alto

key g major (like this;) c d e fis g a b

�� tenor �� bass��soprano�� treble �� alto

key d major (like this;) cis d e fis g a b

��� tenor ��� bass���soprano��� treble ��� alto

key a major (like this;) cis d e fis gis a b

���� tenor ���� bass����soprano���� treble ���� alto

key e major (like this;) cis dis e fis gis a b

����� tenor ����� bass�����soprano����� treble ����� alto

key b major (like this;) cis dis e fis gis ais b

������ tenor ������ bass������soprano������ treble ������ alto

key fis major (like this;) cis dis eis fis gis ais b

������� tenor ������� bass�������soprano������� treble ������� alto

key cis major (like this;) cis dis eis fis gis ais bis

�������� tenor �������� bass��������soprano�������� treble �������� alto

10

All are automatically formatted.

key c major (LilyPond coding notes like this;) c d e f g a b

� tenor � bass

�soprano

� treble � alto

key f major (like this;) c d e f g a bes

�� tenor �� bass��soprano�� treble �� alto

key bes major (like this;) cis d ees f g a bes

��� tenor ��� bass���soprano��� treble ��� alto

key ees major (like this;) c d ees f g aes bes

���� tenor ���� bass����soprano���� treble ���� alto

key aes major (like this;) c des ees f g aes bes

����� tenor ����� bass�����soprano����� treble ����� alto

key des major (like this;) c des ees f ges aes bes

������ tenor ������ bass������soprano������ treble ������ alto

key ges major (like this;) ces des ees f ges aes bes

������� tenor ������� bass�������soprano������� treble ������� alto

key ces major (like this;) ces des ees fes ges aes bes

�������� tenor �������� bass��������soprano�������� treble �������� alto

11