Ramachandran plot by Krunal Chodvadiya

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Ramachandran plot for structural validation of protein will give information whether your protein or model protein is allowed or not in three dimensional point of view.

Transcript of Ramachandran plot by Krunal Chodvadiya

Page 1: Ramachandran plot by Krunal Chodvadiya

Ramachandran plot

ByKrunal Chodvadiya10MBT001

Page 2: Ramachandran plot by Krunal Chodvadiya

Ramachandran plot

A Ramachandran plot (also  known  as  a Ramachandran diagram or a [φ,ψ] plot), originally developed in 1963 by G. N. Ramachandran, C. Ramakrishnan and V. Sasisekharan, is a  way  to visualize backbone dihedral angles ψ against φ of amino acid residues in protein structure.

Plot of φ vs. ψ

The conformations of peptides are defined by the values of φ and ψ.

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Each peptide bond has partial double-bond character due  to resonance and cannot rotate.

Three  bonds  separate  sequential  Ca  in  a  polypeptide  chain. The  N-Ca  and  Ca–  C  bonds  can  rotate,  with  bond  angles designated φ and ψ respectively. The peptide C-N bond is not free to rotate. 

Other single bonds  in  the backbone may also be  rotationally hindered, depending on the size and charge of the side chain R groups.

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Both  φ and ψ  increases  as  the  carbonyl  and  amide  nitrogen (respectively) rotate clockwise.

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• By convention, both φ and ψ are defined as 00 when the two peptide bonds flanking that Ca carbon are in the same plane.

• In a protein, this conformation is prohibited by steric overlap between an carbonyl oxygen and an amino hydrogen atom.

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Ramachandran plot for L-Ala residues.

• Conformations deemed possible are those that involve little or no steric interference,  based  on  calculations  using known van der Waals radii and bond angles.

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• The  areas  shaded  dark blue reflect  conformations  that involve no steric overlap and thus are fully allowed.

• Medium blue indicates  conformations  allowed  at  the extreme limits for unfavorable atomic contacts.

• lightest blue area  reflects  conformations  that  are permissible  if  a  little  flexibility  is  allowed  in  the  bond angles.

• Unshaded  portion  indicates  sterically  disallowed conformations

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values of φ and ψ for various allowed 20 structures

Every  type  of  secondary  structure  can  be  completely  described  by  the bond angles φ and ψ at each residue. 

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The structure of cytochrome C shows many segments of  -a helix and the Ramachandran plot shows a tight grouping of φ = -60 and psi = -45 to -50.

a-helix cytochrome CRamachandran plot

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Similarly, repetitive values in the region of φ = -110 to -140 and ψ = +110 to +135 give beta sheets.    The  structure  of  plastocyanin  is composed  mostly  of  beta  sheets;  the  Ramachandran  plot  shows values in the –110, +130 region:

beta-sheet plastocyanin Ramachandran plot

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Glycine Ramachandran Plot

Because  its  side  chain,  a  single  hydrogen  atom,  is  small,  a Gly  residue can  take  part  in  many  conformations  that  are  sterically  forbidden  for other amino acids.

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Proline Ramachandran Plot

The range for Pro residues  is greatly restricted because φ is  limited by the cyclic side chain to the range of -35 to -85.

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Significance A Ramachandran plot can be used in 2 somewhat different ways. 

i. One is to show in theory which values, or conformations, of the ψ and φ angles are possible for an amino-acid residue in a protein. 

ii. A second is to show the empirical distribution of datapoints observed in a single structure in usage for structure validation, or else in a database of many structures. 

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Thank you