RADITIVE CONSTANTS OF HgI, HgII and HgIII SPECTRA

Kiril Blagoev

Institute of Solid State Physics, Sofia, BULGARIA

•Introduction

•Radiative Constants of Hg I States

•Radiative Constants of Hg II States

•Radiative Constants of Hg III States

•Conclusion

Γ(ν)

I(t)

tAki

Akb

Aka

fik ba

k

i

Experimental methods for lifetime and transition probabilities determination

1. Lifetimes

- time evolution of the population

+ Beam foil/laser

+ time resolved method

++ electron excitation

++ laser excitation ( LIF)

- Width of the excited states

+ Hanle method

Transition probabilities – Branching ratio τI = 1/ΣAik

Aik = (1/τi)(Ii/ΣIj)

Delaygenerator

Helmholtzcoil

Topview

Ablation laser

Nd:YAGlaser (A)

Rotating Zr target

MCPPMT

Monochromator

TransientDigitizer

Computer

Trigger

KDP BBO

Sideview

Trigger

Nd:YAGlaser (B)

SBScompressor

Dyelaser

Lund Laser Centre – Time Resolved Laser Induced Fluorescence Equipment

0 4 8 1 2 1 6 2 0 2 4 2 80

2 0 0

4 0 0

6 0 0

8 0 0

1 0 0 0

Intensity (Arb. Units)

T i m e ( n s)

S i g n a l F i t L a s e r p u lse

LIF Signal from ZrIII Excited State

MONOCHROMATORElectron gun

Vacuum system

Generator Time - to - Amplitude Converter

Amplifier

Amplitude Analyzer

PMT

Start Stop

t1

t2

Experimental set-up for delayed coincidence method – electron

excitation

0 100 200 300 400 500

10

100

1000

Ee=70eV, N

hg=2.9

.10

14cm

-3

794.4 nm(7p2P

1/2 - 7s

2S

1/2)

HgII 7p2P

1/2

0.781ns/channel

I(t)

channel

Deacay curve of the HgII 7p2P1/2 state

Madrid University – LIBS Equipment

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

268.119 AgII266.050 AgII

261.438 AgII

500 ns

300 ns

200 ns

100 ns

270.7260.3

Re

lative

in

ten

sitie

s (

arb

. u

.)

Wavelengths (nm)

LIBS Spectrum of Ag II

39286

1D

2

3P

2

3F4

11177

15296

13674

18130

58600

Hg+

3D

3

1P1

6072

4347

18

50

2536

3023

12

69

6123

6716

4046

43585460

99

E (

x 10-3

cm

-1)

5d10

6p2

8

8

8

8

7

67

77

7

7

6

6

6

6

6

HgI 5d10

6s2

1S

0

3D3

3D2

3D1

3P2

3P1

3P0

3S1

5d96s26p'

1S0

1P1

1D2

0

30

40

50

60

70

80

Grotrian diagram of HgI

415155.610p1P

10109p1P

38728p1P

12267p1P

1.21.271.351.36p1P

[6][5]BF

[4] BF

[3] τ=1/ΣAik

[2] e-ph

[1]LIF

State

TheoryExperiment

1. K. Blagoev et al proc. SPIE, v. 5256,164(2002); 2. G. C. King et al J. Phys. B B8, 365(1975); 3. W. J. Alford et al Phys. Rev A36, 641(1987); 4. E. H. Pinnington et al Canadian J of Physics, 66, 960(1988); 5. T. Anderson et al JQSRT 13,369(1973); 6. P. Hafner et al J. Phys. B 11, 2975(1978)

Table 1. Radiative Lifetimes of np1P states of HgI(ns).

Table 2. Radiative Lifetimes of n3P states of HgI(ns).

4437510p3P2

419p3P2

124791359p3P1

3399p3P0

145951568p3P2

17742611678p3P1

2132488p3P0

[4][3] , τ=1/ΣAik

1987

[2] Hanle, 1975

[1] DC 2002

State

TheoryExperiment

1. K. Blagoev et al Proc SPIE,v5226, 164(2002), Proc. EGAS34,186(2002) 2. E. Alipieva et al Opt. Sprctr. 43,529(1977); 3. W. J. Alford et al Phys. Rev A36, 641(1987); 4. P. Hafner et al J. Phys. B 11, 2975(1978)

Table . Radiative lifetimes of Beutler states of HgI (ns)

4501813.06p’3F4 - 6d3D35d96s26p 3F4

1601529.56p’3P2 - 7s3S15d96s26p 3P2

4.55.3671.66p’1P1 - 7s1S05d96s26p 1P1

16001480612.36p’1D2 - 7s3S15d96s26p 1D2

[3]τ = 1/ΣAik

[2] Hanle

[1] DC

λ, nmTransitionState

1. K.Blagoev et al Proc. SPIE, v4397, p. 256(20010;

2. G. Goullet et al, C. R. Acad. Paris 259, 93(1964);

3. W. J. Alford et al Phys. Rev A36, 641(1987)

.19.2126.85d96s26p’1P1-61S

1.3--1.28365.063D3-63P2

0.24---576.963D2-61P1

0.18--0.184365.563D2-63P2

0.660.510.532

0.65

312.6

63D2-63P1

0.42---578.963D1-61P1

0.046---366.363D1-63P2

0.0063

---313.363D1-63P1

0.850.450.477-296.763D1-63P0

--0.2830.2711014.271S1-61P1

0.040.041.043

0.041407.871S1-63P1

0.490.560.5950.485546.073S1-63P2

0.56 0.40.4240.558435.873S1-63P1

0.21 0.180.1860.208404.673S1-63P0

7.6 1.9 --184.961P1-61S

0.083 0.080.13-0.08253.663P1-61S

198019781989

[5] [4][3][2][1]λnmTransition

Table Transition probabilities in HgI (108 s-1).

1. E. C. Benck et al, JOSA B6(1), 11(1989) 2. E. R. Mosburg et al, J. Q. S. R. T. 19, 69(1978)3. W. L. Wiese and G. A. Martin, Wavelengths and transition probabilities for atoms and atomic ions Part II

(NIST -1980) 4. R. Payling et al Optical Emission Lines of the Elements (John Wiley&Son LTD, 2000)5. A. Smith et al Phys. Rev,A33, 3172(1986)

•Introduction

•Radiative Constants of Hg I States

•Radiative Constants of Hg II States

•Radiative Constants of Hg III States

•Conclusion

Grotrian Diagram of HgII - 5d10nl States

Grotrian Diagram of HgII – 5d10nl and 5d96s6p States

Table Radiative Lifetimes of 5d10nl States of Hg II (ns)

26.8(20)6g2G - 5f2F7/26291.36g2G

7.68.6(9)5f2F7/2 – 6d2D5/25677.25f2F7/2

2.73.2(2)5f2F5/2 – 6d2D3/25425.25f2F5/2

1.561.96d2D5/2 – 6p2P3/22224.76d2D5/2

1.156d2D3/2 – 6p2P1/21869.46d2D3/2

3.12HF,2.17c1.23.1(2)7p2P3/2 – 6s2S1/26149.57p2P3/2

2.05HF,22.86c14.518.8(12)7p2P1/2 – 6s2S1/27944.57p2P1/2

1.806p2P3/2 – 6s2S1/21649.96p2P3/2

2.916p2P1/2 – 6s2S1/21942.36p2P1/2

1.997s2S1/2 – 6p2P3/27s2S1/2

[4] Theory1993

[4] BF1993

[3] BF 1988

[2] BF1976

[1] DC1988.

Transitionλ, ÅState

1. K. B. Blagoev et al Phys. Rev A13,4683(1988); 2. T. Anderson et al , JQSRT 16, 521(1976);3. E. H. Pinnington et al Canadian J of Physics, 66, 960(1988);4. S. J. Maniak et al Phys. Lett. A182, 114(1993)

1.45 1.50 1.55 1.60 1.65 1.70 1.75 1.80 1.85 1.90 1.95 2.00

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

*ns

2S1/2

np2P3/2

nd2D3/2

nd2D5/2

ln(τ)

ln(n*)

0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

α=6.6

α=3.06

nf2F7/2nf2F

5/2

ng2G

ln(τ)

ln(n*)

Dependence of radiative Lifetimes vs effective principal quantum number (n*) for ns2S, np2P, nd2D, nf2F and ng2G series of HgII.

K. B. Blagoev et al Phys. Rev A13,4683(1988);

3.3(0.3)

5/2 - 243/20

354.95d96s7s55/2

3.2(0.4)45/2 - 77/20240.75d96s7s45/2

4.3(0.4)4D7/23 - 54P5/2347.34D7/2

3

5.0(0.5)4D1/2 - 43/20300.44D1/2

2

27(2)2D7/22 - 4P5/2295.72D7/2

2

6.0(0.6)2D5/2 - 15/20363.82D5/2

10(0.5)2D3/23 - 15/2

0448.72D3/23

46(3)105/20 - 2D3/2

1214.85d96s6p 105/20

150(6)

5/20 - 2D3/2

1

291.65d96s6p 35/20

39(1.5)21/20 - 2D5/2

1205.35d96s6p 21/20

250(6)15/20 - 2D5/2

1226.25d96s6p 15/20

97.4ms60ms 5d96s6p(J=9/2)

69.8ms87ms 2D5/2 - 2S1/2281.55d96s2 2D5/2

8.8ms 2D3/2 - 2S1/2198.05d96s2 2D3/2

1984,1986

[3] Theory 1999

[2] ion trap 1990

[1] DCTransitionλ ,nmState

1.K. Blagoev et al Phys. Lett A106, 249(1984), A117, 185(1986); 2. A. Calamai et al Phys. Rev A42, 5425(1990)3. T. Brage et al , The Astrph. J. 513, 524(1999)

Table Radiative Lifetimes of 5d96s6p States of HgII

Σ 5.032.952.3284.87s2S1/2 - 6p2P3/2

3.01.3226.07s2S1/2 - 6p2P1/2

6.47.57.1222.56d2D5/2 - 6p2P3/2

1.21.2225.36d2D3/2 - 6p2P3/2

10.57.5186.96d2D3/2 - 6p2P1/2

0.4530.70.87614.97p2P3/2 – 7s2S1/2

0.3950.430.47794.47p2P1/2 – 7s2S1/2

1.0760.575-89.307p2P3/2 – 6s2S1/2

0.0066.5-92.337p2P1/2 – 6s2S1/2

5.56128.5165.06p2P3/2 – 6s2S1/2

3.83.447.55.3194.26p2P1/2 – 6s2S1/2

[5]LIF

[4]BF-ANDC

[3] Theory

[2]Theory

[1]Theory

λ,nmTransition

Table Transition Probabilities in Hg II spectrum (108 sec-1)

[1. R. Payling et al Optical Emission Lines of the Elements (John Wiley&Son LTD, 2000); 2. C. Sansonetti and J. Reader Physica Scripta 63,219(2001); 3. J. Migdalek, Can. J. Phys. 54, 2272(1978); 4. E. Pininngton et al, Can. J Phys. 66, 960(1988), 5. W. M. Itano et al, Phys. Rev. A59,2732(1987)

•Introduction

•Radiative Constants of Hg I States

•Radiative Constants of Hg II States

•Radiative Constants of Hg III States

•Conclusion

Grotrian Diagram of Hg III

0.02-2480140-41o(3P1)

-0.24181140-111o(3D1)

20.6120473(20)3090140-81o(1P1)140 (

1S0)

0.207808132-62o(3F2)

4.0--132-81o(1P1)

-0.136610132-41o(3P1)

-0.266584132-32o(1D2)

1.01.623557132-23o(3F3)

4.02.437602250(150)3312132-12o(3P2)132 (

1D2)

17.04.765802100(130)4797124-20o(3F3)124 (

1G4)

0.8-101-41o(3P1)

16.06.00600 1660(100)5210101-12o(3P2) 101 (

3P1)

1.00.487517112-23o(3F3)

7.03.551250 2480(120)6501112-12o(3P2)112 (

3P2)

Aik,TheoryAik,Exper.τ,Theoryτ,Exper. λ,ÅTransitionState

Table Radiative lifetimes (ns) and transition probabilities(105s-1) in HgIII

K. Blagoev et al Phys. Lett A117, 185(1986); A118,232(1986)

1.00;0.881.20843.115d96p 3P1-5d10 1S01186075d96p 3P1

0.28;0.260.52790.175d96p 1P1-5d10 1S01265565d96p1P1

0.70;0.630.90740.755d96p3D1-5d10 1S01349985d96p3D1

τ,theoryτ,exp.λ,ÅTransitionE, cm-1State

Table Radiative Lifetimes of 5d96p states of HgIII(ns)

D. J. Beideck et al Phys. Rev. A47, 884(1993)

50 100 150 200 250 300 3500.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

479.7nm

331.2nm

Qki,1

0-18 cm

2

E,eV

Excitation functions of HgIII 5d86s2 – 5d96p spectral lines

50 100 150 200 250 300 3500.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

479.7nm

331.2nm

Qki,1

0-18 c

m2

E,eV

Excitation functions of HgIII 5d86s2 – 5d96p spectral lines

HgI(5d106s2) + e → (Hg2+) 5d86s2 + 3e,

HgI(5p65d106s2 ) + e → (Hg+)** (5p55d10 6s2 ) + 2e → (Hg2+)*5d65d86s2 +3e “ionization” “autoionization”

(Hg+)** 5p55d106s2, 72 eV

E,eV

Hg2+ 5d86s2, 1G4 (44.7 eV)

Hg2+5d96p 3F3

4797Å

Hg2+ 5d10 1S0 -18.7eV eV

Hg+ 5d106s 2S1/2 10.4eV

Hg I 5d106s2 1S0

CONCLUSION

2. The most accurate values for transition probabilities have been obtained by Branching Ratio and normalising them by excited state lifetimes observed by Laser Induced Fluorescence.

3. One has to be careful when the different sets of data from different papers are used.

4. In some cases, due to the cancellation effects or strong electron configuration mixing the real transition probabilities or radiative lifetimes could differ considerably from calculated one.

5. If there are some difficulties or suspicious of choosing the best set of data it is better to ask colleagues from WG “Fundamental data“.

59.4

3D2

88 84 10d3D1

59 55 3D2

4847 56 3D1

144 91D2

38   3D3

31 35.8 3D2

3224 32 3D1

82 126 1228d1D2

18 20 18.2 3D3

17 1617 18.1 17.3 3D2

161411 17 3D1

50 3737 34.940

38.37d1D2

7.9 8 6.87.8 3D3

7 79.28.89.3 3D2

6.95.64 6 6.8 3D1

17 810.614 10.9 6d1D2

198619881989198020021999

[7]1978

[2]2002

[1]1999

[6]LIF

[5]BF

[ 4]LIF[3]LIF[2]LIF

[1]LIF

Theoryxperimenttate

Table Radiative Lifetimes of nd States of HgI(ns)

1. K. Blagoev et al, Physica Scripta 60,32(1999);E.Phys. J, D13,159(2001); 2. K. Blagoev et al Phys. Rev. A66,032509(2002), 4. E. C. Benck et al, JOSA B6(1), 11(1989), 5. E. Pinnington et al, Can. J Phys. 66, 960(1988); 6. M. Darrach et al, JQSRT 36,483(1986); 7. P. Hafner et al J. Phys. B 11, 2975(1978)

Table 1. Radiative Lifetimes of ns States of HgI (ns).

142

63

30.3

[3]LIF1980

5292 3S

10s1S

392253 3S

9s 1S

212022.124.2 3S

848s1S

8.47.48.07.78.0 3S

31.07s1S

[5]1978

[1]2002

[4]LIF1989

[2]e-ph1975

[1]LIF2002

TheoryExperimentState

1. K. Blagoev et al Phys. Rev. A66,032509(2002), 2. G. C. King et al, J. Phys. B8,653(1975); 3. F. Faisol et al J. Phys. B13, 2027(1980); 4. E. C. Benck et al, JOSA B6(1), 11(1989); 5. P. Hafner et al J. Phys. B 11, 2975(1978)

0.140.143090140 - 81o 158909140

0.027808132 – 62o

0.016610132 – 41o

0.036584132 – 32o

0.123557132 - 23o

0.350.193312132 - 12o 132

1.301.304797124 - 23o 133731124

0.180.185210101 - 12o 126468101

0.027517112 – 23o122735

0.160.146501112 – 12o 118926112

QiQikλ,ÅTransitionE, cm-1State

Table Electron impact cross sections for 5d86s2 States of HgIII(10-18cm2)

K. Blagoev et al Phys. Lett A118,232(1986)