Q U V αβ γ - vill.yugawa.fukushima.jp · 2 H1 · L ù ó q L ù h t O ( b s t ? t m M o z _ l q...

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radioactivity radiation α α β β β γ γ dioactivi β β β β β β β diation CoSTEPi 2011 3 11 9.0 4 CoSTEP

Transcript of Q U V αβ γ - vill.yugawa.fukushima.jp · 2 H1 · L ù ó q L ù h t O ( b s t ? t m M o z _ l q...

radioactivityradiation

ααβββγγ

dioactivi

βββββββ

diation

北海道大学CoSTEP著

i

2011 3 11

9.0

4

CoSTEP

ii

Twitter Facebook

Twit-

ter

iii

2011 4 18

CoSTEP

v

i

1 1

1.1 . . . . . . . . . 1

1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1.3 . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1.6 . . . . . . 14

1.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

1.8 . . 18

1.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2 23

2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . 25

vi

2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

2.4 . . . . . . . . . 28

2.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

2.6 . . . . . . . . 31

2.7 . . . . . . 32

2.8 . . . . . 33

2.9

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

2.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

2.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

43

45

47

49

50

53

1

1

1.1

4 12

37 63

7

8

1,000,000,000,000 1

2 1

1.2

180cc 180g

H2O

180cc

5

1. 1000

2. 1

3. 0.001 =1

1000

4. 0.000001 =1

1, 000, 000

1.2 3

5. 0.000000001 =1

1, 000, 000, 000

0.001 3.

0.001 1000 1

1

4. 0.000001 5.

0.000000001 1,000,000 1

1,000,000,000 1

1000 1000

1 1000

0.001 =1

0.001

0.000001 100 1

0.000001 =1

0.000001

0.000000001 10 1

0.000000001 =1

4 1

1.1 iPod nano

1.1 1

1000

0.001

0.000001

0.000000001

1.3 5

1.3

235

238

235 131

radioactivity

1

1903

1852–1908

131 1 =

0.000001 1 46 131

1 131

46

6 1

1.2

Wikipedia

131 92

131 2 2

131

137 1

320 131 46

1

1.4 7

1.4

46 131

46 1

46

4 5

4 7

2

1cc

1cc

5 6

1cc

1.6 20

1

8 1

1.3

1000

1000 2

1cc

20 20000cc 1000

*1

20

1 1000

*1 500 500 /cc

× 20000 cc = 1000

20 = 20000cc

1.4 9

——

100

•1 500

570

• 10

1 510

*2

• 1 5000

1kg

10 570 1/100 5.7

*2

10 1

2 1/4 3 1/9

1.5

1.5 11

1kg

J/kg *3

J

1J = 0.24

Gy

1Gy = 1 J/kg

100W

W 1

J/s

*3 131 137

12 1

W Gy

1905 – 1965 )

1

Gy/h

h hour *4

Gy/h 1

*4

1

km/h

Gy/h

1.5 13

1 1 250

250 / 250Gy/h

1kg 1 250J

4 6 2

30 250 /

250

1kg 1 250 250

0.000 000 001

14 1

1.6

1.4 2011 3 20

4 9

2

2

0 1 0.1

/

1 0.000 001 100

1

100

1.6 15

1.4 2011 3 20 4 9

1

16 1

10km 20km 30km

1.5

1.7

1.5 2008 4 3 1

1.7 17

1.5

/

45 50 /

*5

*5

18 1

1.8

20

12 4

1kg

20 20

1.8 19

Gy J/kg

Sv *6

1896–1966

1

1

Sv/h

*6

20 1

1.9

20

1.6

1.6

“ ” “ ”

1.9 21

23

2

2.1

2.1

7 10

24 2

100% 3 5

50%

3 24

2

3

2.1

2.2 25

2.1 *1

2.2

ICRP *2

ICRP

1

5%

*1

ICRP

*2 ICRP International Commission on Radiological Pro-

tection

26 2

2.2

2011

100

0.5%

30%

1000 300

1000 100

5 1000

0.5% 305

2.3

ICRP

2.3 27

• 1 50 5

100

• 1 1

1

• 1 20

100

• 1 1 20

20

28 2

2.4

1

1.4

2011 4 9

0.157 /

*3 1

0.157 / × 24

/ × 365 = 1375.32

1 1.38

*3 1.8 18

1

2.4 29

45 50 /

45 / 45

/ 1 45

/ × 24 / × 365 / = 394200

/ 0.39

1.38 0.39

1 0.99

1 1

2011 4 9 1.4

1

*4

*4

30 2

2.5

3 1.4

10

8 4

1

2.6 31

2.6

1 1

*5

3

*5

32 2

••

2.7

1.7 16

40

2.8 33

1kg 2g

0.0117% 1 1

1 170

0.01%

1 1

1

1.4

2.8

34 2

2.3

, 1991 p.105

2.9 35

2.9

2011 3 19

1kg 2000 6100

15020 /kg 131

131

*6

*6

36 2

131

1 15020 1 50

1

0.0165

1

60

1

2000 /kg 50

450 1

20 30

*7

70 90% 10

30%

*7

1

2.9 37

2 20g

38 2

2.10

2.4

8 16 1/4 24

1/8 3 1/2000

2.10 39

131

1.4 9

10

100

134 137

134 2

137 30 60 1/4

3 16

17 30

90 3.3 32 /kg

90 29

40 2

3

6

239 2 4000

2.11

1 40

90

ICRP 2007

2.11 41

1.2 2

1000

1

7.6×1021 7.6×1021

22

1 H2O

6× 1024

1000

“ ”

43

2.9 36 0.0165

1.8 18

*8

131

2.2 ×10−8

131

15020 /kg 50g 1

15020 /kg × 0.05 kg ×2.2 ×10−8 / =1.65 ×10−5

*8

44

0.0165

131

45

S D

V 0.7× S ×D 0.7

7

S R 4πR2

1 v 180 cc =180

cm3

18 1 180g

46

6× 1023 × 180

18= 6× 1024

6 × 1024 × v

V

47

http://atmc.jp/

SPEEDI

http://www.nsc.go.jp/mext_speedi/

1

http://www.kankyo-hoshano.

48

go.jp/

http://www.sss.fukushima-u.

ac.jp/FURAD/FURAD/data-map.html

4 9

http://www.geosociety.

jp/hazard/content0058.html

Overlays

49

[1]

1 Ver1.0 http://www.nirs.

go.jp/ 2011

[2]

2000

[3] ICRP 1990

1991

[4]

1984

[5] http://www.

kankyo-hoshano.go.jp/

[6] http://atmc.jp/

50

ICRP, 25, 26, 40, 18, 28, 43

, 10, 18, 20, 21, 40, 23, 25, 17, 33

, 23, 25, 24, 25

, 15, 16, 33, 40

, 31, 32, 31

, 24–26, 10, 18, 20

, 11, 18, 19, 43, 12, 19, 27

, 28, 13, 14, 28, 29

, 16, 17, 27

, 44, 36, 37, 44

, 35, 17, 27, 29, 32, 33

, 19, 27, 28, 43, 19, 17

, 28, 26–29, 31

, 40, 19

, 20, 10, 30, 31, 10, 30, 31

, 31, 32, 35, 7, 38, 40, 27

, 27, 10, 18, 20, 10, 23, 31, 5

, 25, 10, 30, 31

, 5, 38, 40, 37

, 5, 18, 32, 33, 39

, 11, 3, 4, 11

, 19, 11

, 39, 6, 9, 39, 40

, 1, 4, 4

51

, 21, 40, 5, 9, 10

, 16, 3, 4

, 3, 4, 21, 11

53

1.0 1.1 2011.4.20

23 2 2.1

28

→28

40

1.1 1.2 2011.4.29

8 1.3 1

54

37

45 2

47

SPEEDI

52

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