Psychodynamical Social Work

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Psychodynamical Social Work

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, Jerrold Brandell, , , .

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: . .

, . .

, "Psychodynamic Social Work (Brandell, 2004). , .

1.

(1988) . , , . , .

Payne (2000) Freud . . .

( , 2005) , - . . .

Brandell (2004) . , .

Payne : , , -. . . .

2.

, . , , .

2.1.

, , , , . . . Richmont, Garett, Hollis, Smalley, Robinson, Taft, Perlman.

. Brandell (2004) , , . 1920. Strean (1993, 1996) .

. (.. ), , . , (Goldstein 1995, Woods & Hollis, 2000).

Annette Garrett, , 1940, Freud . Mary Richmond, . , . , , (Strean 1993).

(2006) , . , . Gordon Hamilton (1951), , , (Brandell, 1997).

75 . : , .

1.

Mary Richmond 1917 . Gordon Hamilton, Charlotte Towle, Annette Garrett Florence Hollis. , .

2.

Virginia Robinson, Jessie Taft Ruth Smalley. Otto Rank . .

3.

Perlman (1957-1971). Perlman, , . .

2.1.2.

, . 60 70 .

. Brandell (2004) :

.

Payne (2000) :

,

, ,

,

(empathy) , .

..

. -.

, .

3.

(ABECSW, 2004). , . . .

. / , , , .

3.1

(, , ...), , , , . .

, . , - , , , -. , , .

3.1.2

. . . , (Henderson, 1994). (Ringel, 2001). (Zayas, 2001). . , , .

, . , . , .

3.2

. , . ( ), - . : , , - , (Mitchell, 2000).

, .

, Woods & Hollis (2000) . , , ( Woods & Hollis) . .

, , / , .

, ( ). . . . , .

. ( ) . ( ) , (Cooper, 1998).

3.3

3.3.1

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3.3.2

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3.3.3

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3.3.4

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3.3.5 , ,

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4.

. Freud . , , . , Winnicott.

4.1 Freud

. , , , , . (Moore & Fine, 1990).

4.1.1

(Freud, 1900) : , . , . . . , . . ( ) , . , , , . Freud -. (1988).

. , , .

. , , , , . .

, , , . (.. ). , .. , (.. LSD) . (, , , - ...

4.1.2

, ( ) (Brandell, 2004). , , , . . . , . . , . , ( ). , . , , . (1988):

. , , .

. . , , , , , , .. , , . .

, , . , .

. , , Erickson , . ( ) , , , , , , , E , .

, , 3-6 , .

, . . : , , , , , .

, . .

, . , .

. , , , . , , . , , . , , : ( ) ( ).

.

. , , .

4.1.3

, Freud & Breuer, , . , . , , .

4.1.4

. . , . . , . (, , ...) . , (libido).

4.1.5

. Freud , , -, . . (2006):

, (0-18 ) , , ( ). . , .

, (18 ), . . . .

, (3-4 5-7 ) . . , , .

, (5-7 8-10 ) , , ( ).

. . .

Freud 1923 . Freud , .

4.2

, , (Brandell, 2004). (1988):

. , , , , . , . ( ) , (.. , , ), , (.. ).

. 5 , . , , . -, , ( ).

, , . .

- , , .

4.3

Brandell (2004), . , , . . . , . . .

, , . , . , . . . (, ). , . .. , .

. , . : . .

4.4

4.4.1

. .

. , . , , , .

. , , ( ).

(1988):

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4.4.2 Erickson (1950) Erickson . Erickson - . Erickson, :

1. : Freud, . .

2. : Freud. , . -, .

3. : Freud. , , . .

4. : Freud .

5. : . Erickson , (Holzman, 1998). Erickson : 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. , 6. , 7. .

6. : , , , . (Holzman, 1998).

7. : . .

8. : (Goldstein, 1995). , , .

4.4.3

. Bellak, Hurvich & Gediman (1973) . , . . , Goldstein ( , 2006):

1. : , .

2. : , , .

3. : , . ( -, ).

4. : , . , , , . , .

5. : (2006) , . , . . . , , . . , .

6. : : , , , . . , , . , .

7. : , , (, , , ...).

8. : ) ) .

9. : , , .

10. : . . .

11. : , . . . , . , .

, . . , . . , . .

, , . , . , . , .

. , , . , .

4.4.4

Goldstein, ) , , ) -, ) , ) , ) , ) ) (Goldstein, 1995).

, , . , : , . , .

, 51% (Mackey, Urek & Charkoudian, 1987). 20 .

) , ) , , ) ) .

, , .

. , . (2006) , , , , , , . . . , , .

(2006) :

-

- ,

-

-

- ,

-

- , .

4.5

libido . Rene Spitz o John Bowlby. .

Spitz . Bowlby . . , , : , . , . . .

. Ainsworth 1978 , , . : , - , :

. - . . .

. - . , . , , , . . , . , .

. , , . , . , . , . , , .

. , . . , . .

. Mitchell, . .

. .

4.6

. Heinz Kohut, Freud, . . -. (Kohut & Wolf, 1978). Arnold Goldberg, Paula and Anna Ornstein, Marian and Paul Tolpin, and Ernest Wolf, , Miriam Elson (1988), Constance Goldberg (1996), Linda Chernus (1988), Joseph Palombo (2001), and Crayton Rowe (1989).

. , - (Siegel, 1996). . , Freud, (Mitchell & Black, 1995). Kohut , (Brandell, 2004).

Kohut . . , . . Kohut (Goldstein, 1995).

4.7 (holding) Winnicott (1963)

. Winnicott (1963), , . holding (). , . , , . . . , . .

1.

. . , , . , , : .

. . . , , . .

, , , . , . , , . .

. . . ( ), ( , ) .

( , 1995), . , .

, .

1.1

1.1.1

- (1995) : : , . . . , . , .

: , . .

: . . , , . . .

1.1.2

: , . . , , : . - (1995), . , .

: . , .

: , . . , . .. . . , . 1.2

, . , . , . , .

1.2.1

: . . . .. , . . : 1. . 2. 3. . : , . , . . , .

: . . , . 1.2.2

: - (1995) . . , . . . , . , .

- : , . . - (1995) . , . . ( ) . Casement (1985) . . , .

(1999) . .

1.3

. ( ) .

: , . . . .

: . . . . 1.4

(-, 1995): . , . . . :

: , . . . . .

: , ( ) . , . . . , .

, : .

: , . , . : , , , . , . .

, : . . - . . Casement (1985) : . , . Casement (1985) : 1. , , , 2. , 3. ( ) 4. , , . . , , . .

: . . . , , . , .

1.5

. - (1995) .

Gosling (1968) : ) , ) ) . . , , , .

, .

- (1995), Melanie Klein (1952) : ) , ) , , , .

, , . - (1995) , . : .. .

.. . : ; , ; , , . (-, 1995).

2.

. . . . Brandell (2004) . , .

2.1

Payne (2000) .

- (2006) / :

.

.

.

.

, , .

-- .

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, , .

(1999) , , . . , , .

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) , ) , .

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: , .

:

:

IV:

V: ( , 1984).

IV V.

: ) , ) ) .

- (2006) .

. .

, -.

. (Northen, 1995)

Brandell (2004) , . , .

. , , . - , , , .

2.2 randell (2004)

8 : 1. , , , / , , . Brandell (2004) , . (.. ) . . .

: ) ( DSM-IV), ) ) . . -, , . .

. , . Brandell (2004) 3 4 .

2.2.1

1. (, )

) : , , , , , , , , , / , , , ...

) : .

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5.

, . .

6.

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7.

, (Meyer, 1993). , , , , , , . , ( ). , . : , ;.

8.

:

) ( ), .

) , .

) , .. , .

) (.. ).

) , (, , , ...).

3.

. , (Woods & Hollis, 2000; Goldstein 2001). , .

, . , , .

. . Mary Richmond (Richmond, 1899) , , . 1930 .

1950 Biestek (1957) : , , , , , . , Carl Rogers (Rogers, 1957) . Biestek , .

3.1

Winnicott (holding environment) . , , . holding environment , .. , . , .

, . .

, . . . , , . , . .

. . .. . . , . . .. . . .

. . . , .

. , .

, . (Bion, 1962; Klein, 1974). .

, . , (Winnicot, 1963).

Goldstein (2001) . . , .

. Brandell (2004) , , , .

3.2

, . , , , , . . , , (Meissner, 1992).

. , , , , , .. . Greenson (1967) .

(1999) . , , , . . , , . , . , . , . , , .

3.3

Freud (Meissner, 1996). , . , , , , . .

. , , . (Brandell, 2004).

, , , . , . . , . , . , , , . . , .

O Meissner (1996) , . , . , , . , , , . Meissner .

(1999) , , , . , , . , .

. , . . . .

( , ) ( , ), ( ) ( , , ).

3.3.1

Perlman (1957) , . Strean (1978) .

Brandell (2004) :

( , ...)

.

Brandell . , , (IPC, 1994). (1999) . ( ) . .

. , , . . 45 1 . , , .. , . . , .

. .. , . (1999) , . . . . , . ( ).

( ) . .. . , . Strean (1978) . . (Nothern, 1995). .

3.4

, :

. , . , . . , , , . : ) , ) , ) ) .

:

- .

- .

- , , , .

- , , .

- , . .

4.

: ) , ) ) . , . , .

4.1

, . . . , , . , . , . , , , . , . , .

- (2006) , :

1. , .

2. .

3. , , , .

4. , .

5. , .

4.2

Woods & Hollis (2000), :

1.

2.

3. .

: ) ) .

. , , .

. , , , , , - , , , , , .

. : ) ) . , , , .

Woods & Hollis, . , Goldstein (1995), . Brandell (2004) .

4.3

- (2006) , , . .

, . , . . . , , , . .

. ) , ) - , ) (.. ), , , ) , ) , ) .

4.3.1 WOODS & HOLLIS (2000)

Woods & Hollis . . (2006) , . .

( )

)

) .

) , ,

)

( )

) , ,

) , .

.

4.3.2

Donald Misch (2000) :

: .

, . . . , ;

, , . , .

, , .

, .

:

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. . , , -, , . - . . , .

, , . . , . . - , .

, , , . , , .

: , ;. : ;, ;, ;, , , , ;.

:

. , . , . . , . , , . , , . : .

, , . , .

(observing ego). , . , .

, . . , .

4: .

. , . , .

. , , . , , .

. , . , . , . . . , , . , . , .

5:

, . . : , . .

, , , , .

6:

(Greenson, 1967) . , ( ) , . , . . . , . , , , , , -.

. , . , , . .

, , , , .

7:

, . , , , , , , , . , . .

.

8:

. , . , (Biestek, 1957) .

- . - . , - . . . , , , , , , . . - . , .

9:

. . , . .

, / . , . . , .

, . . .. . , .

10:

. , . , .

. ( , ). . (.. , ). .

, , . .. . , . , . , , .

11: -

- - . , . . .

. .. . . , ;. , , .

. . , , . , . .

( ) . , , , . - .

. , , , . . . . (, , , , ) , .

, . , : . , . , .

12 :

. . . .

, , . .

13:

, , . , .

. .. , , ; , , ; , ; , , .

. , . :

1. , .

2. , (.. ), (.. ).

3. , .. .

4. , .. .

5. .

14:

. , . , . , . , - .

15:

. , , .. . , , (.. , , ). . , .

. . , , . , .

4.4

, . - (2006) . , . . .

. , . . , . , . , -, ( () ).

. , , . Goldstein (1995) , . , . , . , , , .

4.5

, , . . , .

. , . , . , , .

, (Brandell, 2004). , . . - (2006) , :

,

,

-

: , . , -. , .

(Wolf, 1988). O Greenson (1967) : , , , , . (1999) , .

, . , . , . , , , , . , , .

, . , , .. .

. , , . . , , . . , . .

: . , , . , . , . .

. , . , . . Casement (1989) , .

, . . , . , , .

, - .

4.6

. . , (Moore & Fine, 1990). (Wienshel & Renik, 1996). (Moore & Fine, 1990). : , , .

, , , . . -. , . , -. , , (Moore & Fine, 1990).

, (Woods & Hollis, 2000).

. .

, . .

Bibring (1956) , . - (2006), , . .

, , . - . , . , , . : , .

Brandell (2004) exploration-description , .

Florence Hollis (Hollis & Woods, 2000). - , , , , (Woods & Hollis, 2000).

, . , , (Ripple, Alexander & Polemis, 1964).

. : , .

5.

, . : , , , . .. , . .. . : , .

. , .

, , (Follow up). , , , .

5.1

, Brandell (2004) 1950. Freud 1913, . Freud, : , . . , . .

. , , , . , Tyson (1996), . , , - .

, : , , . . , . .

5.2

(Pennsylvania School of Social Work) Otto Rank (1930), , , . (intake) . Smalley (1970) . , . (Strean, 1978).

Perlman (1970) , . (follow up) (Brandell, 2004). . Fortune, Pearlingi Rochelle (1992) ( ), (Woods & Hollis, 2000). Brandell (2004) , . Nothern (1995): 2/3 . , .

. . , . . . . . , . .

, :

-

-

-

-

-

- , .

. . .. Shulman (1995) 6 . . , .

. , ( ) , . . . . . , .

. , , . Northen (1995) . Brandell (2004) . .

5.2.1

Shulman.

. . , . . , .

. , , , . , , , . .

. , . .

. . , , . . , , Schwarz, 1976). .

1.

. , . . . . , Brandell (2004). O .

1.1

. Tomas French . : , , . . , . , . French , , . , , (Kepecs,1977). O French . .

French (1954): . . , . , . .

French . , .

French , , . Joseph Kepecs, French . French, , - . . Kepecs , . , .

epecs :

: . ( ). , , . . , .

Bacrach , Mintz & Luborsky, , , . (Mintz & Luborsky, 1971).

O Kepecs . , , : (Kepecs, 1977). , . , .

Kepecs :

1. ( ) .

2. , . .

3. , .

Brandell (2004), . . , , , , . . 82% , , .

1.2 .

Brandell (2004) , . ( ) .

:

, 10 . . . , , . , Brandell , .. . , .

, . , . - . Kepecs, . , . . .

1.3

: ( )

___ : , , , . .

___ : , , , , . . ( ) . .

___-: . , , -, , , . . -.

___: . (-).

( )

( )

( )

____ : , , - , , , , . - ( , ). , .

____ : , , , , , , . .

____ : , , , , , . .

____ : , (.. ). .

____ : . , . .

/

( )

: , . . . ( ) .

: .

-: ().

: , .

( )

: , :

-

: , .

1.4

. , . . . .

. . . . . , , . , . : .

. , . . , . , .

. . , . .

, . , , , , .

1.

Brandell (2004).

1. - ,

, , , , .

. , , : , , . 21 . 37 , 29 . . , 61 , . .

24 .

, . 100 (Mental Health Program). . , , . . .

. , . (12 ). . 4 6 . , : . . 40 45 , .

, , . . , , .

. , . . : , . . , . , , , . , . , . , , . , , . . .

, , , ( ). , . ( ) . ( ) . 13 , , , . 84 . 15 , , . : , . 17 90 . , . .

, . , . . 23 . . . . , , . . , , . 6 7 , . , . . , . . , . , . . . . , .

8 15, . 9 : , , . . , . . , - . , .

15, . , . , , .

, HIV, . , . . .

. , , , .

2.

. , . . .

. . , . , . . . , (.. ) . , . . . .

. , . . . , , , . . .

. . . .

. .

3. - .

, . , . . .

. , , , , , , , . . , . . , (.. , , -, ).

, , / , / . . , .

. , , - . (). , , .

. . / . , .

, (.. ). . , .

4.

, . . . , , , . , - , .

, , . , , . . . -, , . , , . - ( ), . , . , , . , , .

(disintegration products): - , , , , , , . , . . , . , , . , .

5.

, . . 17 . , . , . , . 12 .

6. .

. , , . , . . , . . . . , ( ).

7.

, 32, , , - , , . , . . . . , .

, . , . . , , . .

, . ( , , , ). . . , , , . , . . . , . , .

9 . . , . . , . . . , . , , , , , .

. . . . , . 12 .

. , . , .

. , , .

8.

. , . , . . . .

. , , . , , .

. , . , . : , . . , . . , .

. , , , . -- . . , . , . ( Bellak (1984) . : , . ).

12 . . , . , , , .

. , . .

2.

, Brandell (2004).

: ( -)

. , . . . ( -), () . (). ( ) (). , . (), (). , () . (, )

..: , . .

: , . (). (), ( ). , (). , ().

..: ;

: (), . (). (), ().

= () ( , , , , , .

Ainsworth, M., Blehar, M. C., Walters, E., and Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychosocial study of the strange situations. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

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-, . (2006). . :

Elson, M. (1988). Self Psychology in Clinical Social Work. New York: W.W. Norton.

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Casement, P. (1985). Learning from the patient. . (1989). : .

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Lesser, I. (1981). A review of the alexythymia concept. Psychosom Med. 43:531-543

(1995). . . , . (2001). : .

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