Proton Radiography: Applications in Imaging
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Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA UNCLASSIFIED Proton Radiography: Applications in Imaging Matthew Freeman, for the pRad collaboration LA-UR-15-28693
Transcript of Proton Radiography: Applications in Imaging
Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA
UNCLASSIFIED
Proton Radiography:Applications in Imaging
Matthew Freeman, for the pRad collaboration
LA-UR-15-28693
Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA
UNCLASSIFIED
The Challenge: Image Dense,Rapidly Evolving Systems
Slide 2
[1] W. C. Röntgen, Nature 53 (1896) 274.
150 keV γ
15 MeV γ
15 MeV p+
800 MeV p+
150 keV γ
1 cm tissue target
2 mm tungsten target
Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA
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Slide 3
Flash radiography of hydrotestimplosion (Manhattan project)
Static Dynamic
•15 MeV betatron X-ray source•1 µsec long pulses•Wilson cloud chamber detector
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Slide 4
PHELIX liner implosions(P.I.: David Oro)
Tungsten powder0.1 -1 µm diameter
Liner (impactor)
Target
30 µs 34 µs 39 µs
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High dynamic range and temporal sensitivity visualize delicate, evolving systems(P.I.: William Buttler)
Slide 5
vacuum 5 bar Xe 5 bar He
high explosives
plane wave lens
detonator
Sn target time
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Slide 6
Spall material failure(P.I.: David Holtkamp)
pRad can investigate fundamental properties of various metals in extreme conditions
Al Sn Cu Ta
Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA
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User programs reach out to new applications
user programs provide experimenters the opportunity to work at pRad
classified or unclassified yearly call for proposals beam time allocated based on
Program Advisory Committee recommendations
Slide 7
homeland security
14%characterizing explosives
12%
explosives safety17%fundamental
materials22%
applied materials
16%
applied weapons research
19%
user base
homeland security
characterizing explosives
explosives safety
fundamental materials
applied materials
applied weapons research
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Protons are gaining acceptance for cancer therapy in the U.S.
Slide 8
• cancer treatment techniques are evolving and improving• currently 16 proton therapy centers in the U.S., 10 more under construction• typical proton energy ~ 200 MeV
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Protons increase dose-deliveryaccuracy
Slide 9
image courtesy Nancy Mendenhall,UF Proton Therapy Institute
conventional radiotherapy ~200 MeV Protons
plans courtesy Francis H. Burr Proton Therapy Center, MGH, Boston:45y/o male with benign cerebral meningioma in the petro-clival junction
conventional radiotherapy ~200 MeV Protons
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New technology cuts cost andincreases beam energy
Slide 10
Graphic from Nature Clinical Practice Oncology http://www.nature.com/nrclinonc/journal/v1/n2/fig_tab/ncponc0090_F1.html
cm
Lateral scattering of proton beams at two different energies after 15 cm in water.
Simulation by SRIM2011.• higher energy → increased precision• to take advantage of increased
precision you need in situ imaging
Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA
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Enhanced contrast delineates soft tissue w/ inverse collimator
Slide 11
proton radiograph of an adult zebrafish
proton radiograph of the head of the anthropomorphic phantom MATROSHKA.
Astronauts Sergei Krikalev and John Philips on board the International Space Station with MATROSHKA, built
by the German Space Agency (DLR) for dosimetry.
Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA
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Anthropomorphic Matroshka phantom shows great promise for medical applications of this technique.
Slide 12
• complete 3D information rivaling the gold-standard medical CT• 200 µm slices (every 16th shown)
Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA
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Proton radiography provides highresolution 3D information
Slide 13
• Fine details visible, showing excellent resolution
• New collimators informed by modeling continue to enhance contrast in soft tissue, even more so with targeted gold nano-particles.
1 cm
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Slide 14
A magnetic lens focuses the proton beam similar to glass lenses focusing light
3 cm
10 m
quadrupole ×3 lens
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Slide 15
A magnetic lens focuses the proton beam similar to glass lenses focusing light
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UNCLASSIFIED
Slide 16
A magnetic lens focuses the proton beam similar to glass lenses focusing light
Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA
UNCLASSIFIED
New collimator exploits knownscatter to enhance contrast
Slide 17
detector placed at Fourier (scattering angle) plane Fourier-plane images
scatter introduced by object:
13.6 1 0.038lnoo o
MeV x xX Xp
θβ
= +
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Slide 18
Fourier-plane images
New collimator exploits knownscatter to enhance contrast
2 2
2 2 2 20 02( ) 2( )1
i c
T
x
inner rod outer aperture
T e e eθ θρ
φ θ φ θλ− −− + +
= −
maximize ΔT → enhance contrast
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Modeling the proposed collimator informs design changes
Slide 19
100-µm Pb targetMonte-Carlo simulation
no collimator new collimator
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Modeling the scatter-acceptance angle for biological relevance
Slide 20
Proton radiography of tissue-equivalent PMMA calibration objects with inverse collimator
bone
fat
lung
muscle
tissue-equivalentplastic
digital tissue phantom simulation w/ "optimized collimat
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Slide 21
Conclusions• 800 MeV proton radiography continues to find new
applications, providing new information to measure properties of dynamic materials
• Proton radiography research for national security and medical imaging development are mutually beneficial
• Preliminary studies by an external user collaboration may enable vastly improved precision in proton cancer treatment
Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA
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Slide 22
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA:F. Merrill, D. Tupa, M. Freeman, A. Tainter, R. Simpson, A. Saunders, C. Morris, B. Hollander, C. Danly, F. Mariam, M. Murray, C. Espinoza, J. Medina, D. Morley, J. Lopez, M. Martinez, P. Medina, T. Schurman, F. Trouw, T. Sisneros, J. Goett III, J. Allison, J. Tybo, K. Kwiatkowski, W. Vogan McNeil, P. Nedrow, C. Wilde, M. Espy
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, GermanyM. Prall, C. Graeff, C. LaTessa, P. Simoniello, D. Varentsov
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Lindner Höhe 51147 Cologne, GermanyT. Berger, B. Przybyla
Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, 64289 Darmstadt, GermanyM. Durante, P. M. Lang
Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), Ruth-Moufang-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am MainL. Shestov
Acknowledgements
