Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics...

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Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

Transcript of Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics...

Page 2: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.

Project Status First Lasing Te- λmin

Driver technology(main linac)

Overall length

FLASH running 2005(2000 TTF) 1.2 GeV 50 Å Pulsed SC

1.3 GHz 315 m

FERMI@ELETTRA construction 2010 1.8 GeV 30 Å Pulsed NC3.0 GHz 375 m

SCSS construction 2011 8 GeV 1 Å Pulsed NC5.7 GHz 750 m

European XFEL construction 2015 17.5 GeV 1 Å Pulsed SC1.3 GHz 3400 m

SPARX Waiting for approval 2015 ? 2.4 GeV 5 Å Pulsed NC

2.85 GHz 500 m

SwissFEL Waiting for approval 2016 ? 5.8 GeV 1 Å Pulsed NC

5.7 GHz 715 m

NLS Waiting for approval ? 2.25 GeV 12 Å C.W. SC

1.3 GHz 660 m

XFELs overview

Page 3: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.
Page 4: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.
Page 5: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.
Page 6: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.

European XFEL FEL parameters

Page 7: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.
Page 8: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.

FLASH

Page 9: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.

400 m Accelerator Tunnel

Undulator Hall

Experimental Hall(under construction)

Klystron Gallery

Machine Assembly Hall

XFEL/SPring-8Building construction completed March 2009

Page 10: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.

SCSS

Page 11: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.
Page 12: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.

SCSS Test Accelerator Performance2006 First lasing at 49 nm2007 Full saturation at 60 nm2008 User operation stat

E-beamCharge: 0.3 nCEmittance: 0.7 p.mm.mrad(measured at undulator)

Four C-band accelerators1.8 m x 4 Emax = 37 MV/mEnergy = 250 MeV

In-Vacuum UndulatorsPeriod = 15 mm, K=1.3Two 4.5 m long.

500 kV Pulse electron gunCeB6 Thermionic cathodeBeam current 1 Amp.

238 MHz buncher

476 MHz booster

S-bandbuncher

C-bandaccelerator

In-vacuumundulator

Page 13: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.
Page 14: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.

Slide Courtesy of S. Di Mitri

FEL1

FEL2I/O mirrors & gas cells

PADReS

EIS

DIPROI

LDM

Photon Beam Lines

slits

experimental hall

undulator hall

Transfer Line

FEL1

FEL2

L1

X-band

BC1

L2 L3 L4

BC2

linac tunnel

PI

Laser Heater

FERMI Layout

Page 15: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.
Page 16: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.

Parameter FEL-1 FEL-2 HGHG Stages 1 2 (“fresh bunch” in 2nd stage) Fundamental Wavelength range [nm] 100 to 20 20 to 4 (1.3 at 3rd harm.) Output pulse length (rms) [fs] < 100 20 – 100 (< 10 future goal) Bandwidth (rms) [meV] 17 (at 40 nm) 100 (at 4.2 nm) Polarization Fully Variable Fully Variable Repetition rate [Hz] 50 50 Peak power [GW] 1 to >5 0.5 to 2 Harmonic peak power (% of fundamental) ~2 ~0.2 (at 4.2 nm) Photons per pulse 1014 (at 40 nm) 2x1012 (at 4.2 nm) Pulse-to-pulse stability ≤ 30 % ~40 % Pointing stability [µrad] < 20 < 20 Virtual waist size [µm] 250 (at 40 nm) 120 Divergence (rms, intensity) [µrad] 50 (at 40 nm) 10 (at 4.2 nm)

Page 17: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.

FERMI@ELETTRA Electron beam parameters

Parameter FEL - 1 FEL - 2 Units

Wavelength 100 - 20 20 - 3 nm

Electron beam Energy 1.2 1.7 GeV

Bunch Charge 0.8 1 nC

Peak Current 850 500 A

Bunch Length (FWHM) 400 600 fs

Norm. Emittance (slice) 0.8 - 1.2 1.0 - 2.0 mm mrad

Energy Spread (slice) 150 - 250 100 - 200 keV

Repetition Rate 10 - 50 50 Hz

FERMI@ELETTRA FEL parametersParameter

FEL-1 FEL-2

HGHG Stages 1 2 (“fresh bunch” in 2nd stage)

Fundamental Wavelength range [nm] 100 to 20 20 to 4 (1.3 at 3rd harm.)

Output pulse length (rms) [fs] < 100 20 – 100 (< 10 future goal)

Bandwidth (rms) [meV] 17 (at 40 nm) 100 (at 4.2 nm)

Polarization Fully Variable Fully Variable

Repetition rate [Hz] 50 50

Peak power [GW] 1 to >5 0.5 to 2

Harmonic peak power (% of fundamental) ~2 ~0.2 (at 4.2 nm)

Photons per pulse 1014 (at 40 nm) 2x1012 (at 4.2 nm)

Pulse-to-pulse stability ≤ 30 % ~40 %

Pointing stability [µrad] < 20 < 20

Virtual waist size [µm] 250 (at 40 nm) 120

Divergence (rms, intensity) [µrad] 50 (at 40 nm) 10 (at 4.2 nm)

Page 18: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.

Free Electron Laser ranging from 40 nm a 0.5 nm4 different Beamlines with dedicated experimental stationsPeak Brillance: 1027 sec.mrad².mm.0.1 % BW – 80-200 fs pulses Site : Università di Roma Tor VergataCostruction of the 500 m tunnel: 2010 - 2014

Applications:• Time-resolved X-ray techniques

• Coherent x-ray imaging • Spectromicroscopy 

• Structural studies of biological systems, allowing crystallographic studies on biological macromolecules

www.sparx-fel.eu

Page 19: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.

www.sparx-fel.eu

Page 20: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.

S-band Gun

Velocity Bunching

Long Solenoids

Diagnostic and

Matching

Seeding

THz Source

150 MeV S-band linac

12 mUndulators

u = 2.8 cm

Kmax = 2.2

r = 500 nm

15 mQuickTime™ and a

decompressorare needed to see this picture.

Page 21: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.

Aramis: 1-7 Å hard X-ray SASE FEL, In-vacuum , planar undulators with variable gap.

Athos: 7-70 Å soft X-ray FEL for SASE & Seeded operation . APPLE II undulators with variable gap and full polarization control.

D’Artagnan: FEL for wavelengths above Athos, seeded with an HHG source. Besides covering the longer wavelength range, the FEL is used as the initial stage of a High Gain Harmonic Generation (HGHG) with Athos as the final radiator.

SwissFEL

704 m

Page 22: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.

715m

hard X_ray hall

Undulator lines

Linacs

Injector

SwissFEL

soft X_ray hall

Page 23: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.

e- Parameters

Nominal Operation

Mode

Upgrade Operation Mode

Long Pulses

Short Pulses

Ultra-Short Pulses

Charge per Bunch (pC) 200 10 10

Beam energy for 1 Å (GeV) 5.8 5.8 5.8

Core Slice Emittance (mm.mrad) 0.43 0.18 0.25

Projected Emittance (mm.mrad) 0.65 0.25 0.45

Slice Energy Spread (keV, rms ) 350 250 1000

Relative Energy Spread (%) 0.006 0.004 0.02

Peak Current at Undulator (kA) 2.7 0.7 7

Bunch Length (fs, rms) 30 6 0.6

Bunch Compression Factor 125 240 2400

Repetition Rate (Hz) 100 100 100

Number of Bunches / Pulse 2 2 2

Bunch Spacing (ns) 50 50 50

SwissFEL electron beam parameters

Page 24: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.

Photon

Nominal Operation Mode

Upgrade Operation

Mode

Long Pulses

Short Pulses

Ultra-Short Pulses

Undulator Period (mm) 15 15 15

Undulator Parameter 1.2 1.2 1.2

Laser Wavelength (Å) 1 1 1

Maximum Saturation Length (m) 50 50 50

Saturation Pulse Energy (µJ) 60 3 6

Effective Saturation Power (GW) 2 0.6 11

Photon Pulse Length at 1 Å (fs, rms) 13 2.1 0.3

Number of Photon at 1 Å (×109) 31 1.7 3.2

Bandwidth (%) 0.03 0.04 0.05

Peak Brightness (# photons.mm-2.mrad-2.s-1/0.1% bandwidth) 3.1032 1.1032 1,3.1033

Average Brightness (# photons.mm-2.mrad-2.s-1/0.1% bandwidth) 1.1021 5,7.1018 7,5.1018

SwissFEL photon beam parameters(Aramis for 1 Å)

Page 25: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.

SwissFEL 250 MeV Injector Test Facility

Page 26: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.

Today

Page 27: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.
Page 28: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.

Project Type Gun technology

Laser type

Cathode material

FLASH RF gun Pulsed NC1.3 GHz

Nd:YLF4th harmonic Cs2Te

SCSS ThermionicDiode with SHB

Pulsed 500kV with SHB n.a. CeB6

FERMI@ELETTRA RF gun Pulsed NC3.0 GHz

Ti:Sa3rd harmonic Cu

European XFEL RF gun Pulsed NC1.3 GHz

Yb:YAG4th harmonic Cs2Te

SPARC X RF gun Pulsed NC2.85 GHz

Ti:Sa3rd harmonic Cu

SwissFEL RF gun Pulsed NC3.0 GHz

Ti:Sa3rd harmonic Cu

NLS RF gun C.W. SC1.3 GHz ? Cs2Te

Injectors

Page 29: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.
Page 30: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.
Page 31: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.
Page 32: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.

From PITZ, SSCS and LCLS injector data one could infer:No matter what you choose as injector, if you work hard enough you get

ε ≈ 1 μm qB½ (with qB in nC )

Open injector R&D issues

• how to get the same ε/qB½ for c.w. operation

• how to improve one order of magnitude in ε/qB½

Page 33: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.
Page 34: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.

102

103

104

105

106

100

101

FLASH

FERMI

Eu XFEL

SPARX

SwissFEL

NLS 1kHz

LCLS SCSS

average e- beam power [W]

ph

oto

n e

ne

rgy

[ke

V]

SCSS 50 bunches

NLS 1MHz

Photon energy vs. electron beam power

cold linac

warmlinac

Page 35: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.
Page 36: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.
Page 37: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.

Cost comparison linac technologiesorWhy doesn’t everybody take s.c. & c.w.

TechnologyLinac investment cost w/o building

Typical gradientElectric consumption

Pulsed n.c. with SLED

10 M€/GeV20 MV/m (S-band)

30 MV/m (C-band)0.5 MW/GeV

Pulsed superconducting

20 M€/GeV 24 MV/m 0.5 MW/GeV

c.w. superconducting

? 30 M€/GeV ? 18 MV/m 5 MW/GeV

Beware! This is not exact science !

Page 38: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.

Cost vs. gradient for S-band with 45 MW klystron, S-band with 80MW klystron and C-band with 50 MW klystron

Advantage of C-band is in real-estate needs and electricity consumption

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 600

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Gradient MV/m

Cos

t

S45 totalS80 totalC50 totalS45 invest.S80 invest.C50 invest.S45 10y elec.S80 10y elec.C50 10y elec

Page 39: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.

Talk Matthias FuchsThursday 10:00 - 10:30

Page 40: Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan Hans-H. Braun, PSI 48 th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National.

Many thanks to

Reinhard Brinkmann, Jörg Rossbach, Massimo Ferrario, Florian Grϋner, Stephen Milton, Tsumoru Shintake, Richard Walker

for providing information and materials