and Processes =ΰ= =0=

I ts basic lead content, its low refractive index, and its solubility in these plasticizers make i t an excellent plasticizer for some types of clear vinyl plastics. I t serves both as a stabilizer and lubricant .

Added to lubricating oil s tocks it is said to produce excellent leaded greases, and its uniformity of basicity a n d composi­tion is an advantage.

Recovering Silver from Exhausted Hypos

A process recently developed for reclaim­ing silver from exhausted photo hypos , bu t which may also have applicat ion in reclaiming other valuable meta ls from solu­tions, has been announced b y Gopher Labora tory , 19 Washington Ave. ISTorth, Minneapolis . The process is based on a replacement reaction between silver salts and finely divided steel wool which is packed t ightly into a filter cartridge. The exhaus ted hypo solut ion i s pumped through the cartridge, which is 3.5 inches in d iameter and 34 inches long, at a rate of 2.5 gal. per minute, to deposit metall ic silver on the steel wool. Recovery is said to be practically 100%.

Carbon 14 in Tyrosine

J. C. Reid, research chemist a t the Univers i ty of California's Berkeley cam­pus, has developed a process for syn the­sizing the amino acid, tyrosine, wi th the incorporation of carbon isotope 14 whereby 5 0 % of the valuable carbon ordi­nar i ly lost in the residue can be recovered. The synthesis reaction involved is the same as t h a t ordinarily used i n the production of tyrosine, but t h e secondary reaction product which contains 8 0 % of the origi­nal carbon is dried and burned to pro­duce recoverable radioactive carbon di­oxide.

Tyrosine is the first complex amino acid to be synthesized with radioactive •carbon and will be used to s tudy the mechanism of protein formation.

T h e research was done under the direc­tion of Mel vin Calvin, associate professor of chemistry, and sponsored b y the Man­h a t t a n Engineering Dis t r ic t .

Vinyl Yarn A versatile vinyl y a r n said to show

promise in an unlimited n u m b e r of textile applications will soon be avai lable in semicornmercial quant i t i es from Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corp., 3 0 Eas t 42nd St., New York. T h e new yarn has d imen­sional stability in boiling water a n d can be readi ly dyed da rk and brilliant shades. High strength a n d good resis tance to chemical attack a re also claimed for it, and it will not suppor t combustion, is water-resistant, and is unaffected by micro­organisms and insects.

Marke ted as Vinyon yarn, type N , the

new mater ia l is basically different from other vinyl materials . I t is produced from a white, powdery resin t h a t results from t h e copolymerization of vinyl chloride and acrylonitrile. Th i s resin is dissolved in acetone and spun on equipment similar to t h a t in general use for mak ing aceta te rayon.

Stabilizer and Lubricant DS 207, announced by Nat ional Lead

Co. , 105 York St., Brooklyn, the dibasic lead sal t of stearic acid, a soft, pure white, unc tuous powder with all the apparen t lubr ic i ty of normal lead s téarate , is insol­uble in water and in most of the common organic solvents. I t reacts with warm tur­pent ine forming a waxy compound with an approximate 5 % solubilit3' therein. This compound is in t u rn soluble in mineral spirits, which suggests i ts use as a protec­t ive coating for unpa in ted meta l and the waterproofing of fabrics.

DS 207 is soluble in some plasticizers.

Composition Formula Color Molecular weight Specific gravity Refractive index Weight per solid

gallon, lb. Lead content, % Melting point

Solubility

Table of Properties Dibasic lead stéarate 2PbO.Pb(Ci7lÎ36COO)2

White 1220 2.02 1.60 '

16.85 51 D e c o m p o s e s a b o v e 300° C. without melting Insoluble in water, min­eral spirits, and linseed oil. 5% soluble in tur­pentine, soluble in tri-cresylphosphate and sev­eral other plasticizers

Heart Tonic Frederick Stearns & Co., Detro i t , has

added Digitoxin, a hear t tonic, to its list of prescription specialties, a product originally developed by Ladox Labora­tories, Philadelphia. Company l i terature supplied with the packages describes the

SPECIALIZED ENGINEERING ASSISTANCE

Alberene Engineers can save you valuable time — possibly money as well by reason of their comprehensive knowledge of the design, re-design, fabrication and installation of laboratory equipment.

Over 50 years of service in the finest laboratories has proved Alberene Stone's exceptional durability—perform­ance—and year-after-year economy. Write for Laboratory Catalog. Alberene Stone Corporation of Virginia, 419 Four th Ave., New York 16, N.Y. Sales Offices in principal Cities. Quarries a t Schuyler, Virginia.

ALBERENE STONE / LABORATORY EQUIPMENT

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Products

QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS

Bactericides, Germicides fungicides, Deodorants

Dispersing and Wetting Agents

AJLkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium claloride

C E T A B * Cety l irimethyl ammonium bro­m i d e

E T H Y L C E T A B * Oetyl dimethyl ethyl ammonium Ibxomide

O C T A B * Oc tadecy l dimethyl benzyl am­monium chloride

E T H Y L DECAB* Octadecenyl dimethyl ethyl am­monium bromide

Rhodes Chemical Corporation 3235 Irankford Avenue

•Trade Mark Phila., Pa.

ft COMPLETE LINE OF H 1 G H P R E S S U R E VALVES A N D FITTÎNGS

Developed for use with high pressure setups and made o£ stainless steel. Supplied in five styles and three siizxrs. Working pressures to 25,000 p.s.i. In­corporating a self scaling packing ring giving a positive leak-proof seal under all pressures with finger­t i p operation. W r i t e fo r B u l l e t i n 1 8 - 5 .

AUTOCLAVE ENGINEERS, INC. 3 7 37 Cortland St. Chicago 4 7 , III.

- PRODUCTS AN

preparation as a "white crystalline glyco­side, approximately 1,000 times as potent as digitalis leaf". I ts indications are for congestive heart failure, auricular flutter, auricular fibrillation, paroxysmal tachar-dia, or wherever digitalis glycosides are indicated.

National release of Essenamine, the palatable or nearly tasteless protein hy-drolyzate derived from lactalbumin, is also announced.

O T S R e p o r t s

Copies of the following reports can be obtained at the prices indicated from the Office of Technical Services, Department of Commerce, Washington 25, D. C. Orders should be accompanied by check or money order, payable to the Treasurer of the United States.

Λ German nitration method for refining aluminum airplane scrap is described in re­port PB 23,188 (photostat, S2; microfilm, 50 cents; 29 pages, with photographs and diagrams) and is said to be unique in metallurgy. I t is followed by a vacuum distillation, which produces aluminum suitable for reuse in all but the most critical aircraft parts . An excess of molten mag­nesium was added to crudely refined melted scrap aluminum alloy, which resulted in the formation of insoluble intermetallic compounds of aluminum and magnesium with iron, manganese, silicon, chromium, vanadium, molybdenum, ti tanium, zir­conium, and cerium. These compounds could be filtered out as crystals when the mixture was cooled to near the point of solidification. The remaining mixture was heated in an atmosphere of hydrogen at a pressure of 2 mm. of mercury in a closed furnace, and all remaining metals except copper and small amounts of nickel and tin were distilled out. Since the refined aluminum wras intended for use in copper-bearing Duralumin alloys, this residue pre­sented no problem.

Japanese prewar steels were processed by methods similar to those used in the U. S. and England, but their low sulfur and phosphorus content indicated greater refinement, according to report P B 31,612 (photostat, $2; microfilm, SI; 22 pages). Brief descriptions of Japanese basic elec­tric furnace steel, the acid open-hearth process, and the basic open-hearth process are given, also tabular data on special steels designed to save nickel, molybdenum, and tungsten.

The manufacture of Silumin, an alumi­num-silicon alloy made from clay, is de­scribed in report PB 31,593 (photostat, S5; microfilm, $3; 135 pages). The proc­ess and the product are said not to excel similar U. S. developments. Report PB 44,678 (photostat, $4; microfilm, SI ; 48

D PROCESSES•

pages, including charts and diagrams) contains information on the Bayer-process red mud waste. Report PB 20,540 (photo­stat, $2; microfilm, 50 cents; 16 pages) is titled "Aluminum Hydra te and Alumina Production in German Factor ies" .

Impor tan t developments in the proc­essing of platinum and other precious metals are reported i n PB 40,294 (photo­stat, $5; microfilm, S2). Some of these include high-frequency vacuum melting and casting of alloys where a gas or a readily oxidizing constituent might other­wise cause difficulty; work on platinum-gold alloys, including heat t reatment; progress in macroquant i ta t ive spectro-graphic analysis of binary plat inum alloys; manufacture of high quali ty crucibles and tubes for precious metal processing; com­mercial production of rhodium mirrors; and other refining, analytical, and produc­tion techniques.

A German hydrothermal method for growing quartz crystals is described in re­port PB 28,897 (photostat, S3; microfilm, SI ; 40 pages including diagrams, photo­graphs, and drawings). The method is based on the fact t h a t a t temperatures above 350° C. silicon dioxide in vitreous form dissolves ten times more quickly than in its crystalline form. A seed plate of natural quartz is suspended in a vessel to which finely broken glass and water have been added. T h e vessel is t h e n placed in an autoclave and heated to about 375°. The resultant fluid solution of silicon di­oxide feeds the seed plate, and crystalline accretion occurs rapidly and clearly. An earlier report (PB 6,498; photostat , $1; microfilm, 50 cents; 7 pages) also discusses the hydrothermal method .

An inexpensive photo reproduction proc­ess developed in Germany could replace the normal drawing board method for production drawings, particularly in small business concerns. However, many of i ts advantages are equaled if n o t surpassed by American methods, though more ex­pensive. The drawing board consists of a sheet of frosted glass mounted in a wooden frame. The drawings are made in pencil on the surface, then gone over with a, special waterproof ink. A transparent sheet of cellulose material , "Astrolon", i s then coated on one side with an emulsion, which has a potato-meal base. The sheet is dried and then weighted down t o t h e drawing to ensure full surface contact. I t is subjected to four or five minutes ' l ight t rea tment ; the prepared surface is b rushed over with a solution of glycerin a n d mill acid, and then rubbed with ink. T h e sur­face ink is removed in a water bath. T h e frosted glass may be cleaned with i n k eradicator and reused. T h e process i s described in report P B 527 (photostat, S3 ; microfilm, 50 cents; 44 pages) .

87S C H E M I C A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G N E W S

2W£>AL(9N*

German processes for manufacturing more than 20 synthetic waxes from raw mont an wax, a brown coal product, are described in PB 34,727 (photostat, S3; microfilm, SI ; 34 pages). Both a batch and a continuous process have been de­veloped for extracting the wax from granu­lated brown coal. After extraction, it is poured into molds, cooled, and broken into pieces. The crude wax is refined by re­moving the resin content with a n ethyl alcohol solvent before making the finished S3rnthetic wax products. In addition to 13 pages of general production data, the re­port contains 19 pages in German giving full shop method data.

German da ta on processes for manufac­turing dyes, textiles, and pharmaceuticals are contained in PB 32,510 (photostat , $16; microfilm, So; 240 pages), which contains abstracts of the following:

P B 32,532 (enlargement prints , $103; microfilm, S6; text in German) . Processes for vat , azo, sulfur, and miscellaneous colors, tr iphenylmethane dyes, and re­lated products.

P B 32,533 (enlargement prints , $78; microfilm, S6; text in German) . Aromatic and heterocyclic compounds.

P B 32,534 (enlargement prints , $22; microfilm, $3; text in German). Aliphatic compounds.

PB 32,535 (enlargement pr ints , $32.50; microfilm, $4; text in German). Manu­facturing procedures for various esters of glycolic, butyric, lactic, and oxalic acids, and of industrial solvents.

PB 32,536 (enlargement prints , $28.50; microfilm, $3.75; text in German) . Manufacturing procedures for pyramidon, novocaine, salvarsan intermediates, vac­cines, hormones, vitamins, and many others.

P B 32,537 (enlargement prints, $45; microfilm, $5.25; text in German) . Tex­tile acids.

PB 32,538 (enlargement prints, $25; microfilm, $3.25; text in German). Modifications of polyvinyl plastics, phenol formaldehyde, and Bakélite.

PB 32,539 (enlargement prints, $43.50; microfilm, $5.25; text in German) . Syn­thetic edible fats, catalytic hydrogénation processes for aniline, phenol derivatives, aldehydes, and alcohols.

P B 27,807 (enlargement prints, $14.50; microfilm, $2.25; 145 pages) and P B 34,904 (enlargement prints, $51; micro­film, $6; 508 pages) contain flow sheets and blueprints of chemical machinery for acetaldehyde, cellulose acetate , acetic acid, and others.

PB 31,278 (photostat, $4; microfilm, $2) contains descriptions of the continu­ous Mersol H process, light-catalyzed Hostapon process, and the acetic anhy­dride catalyzed Hostapon process.

PB 28,951 (photostat, $19; microfilm, $6; 273 pages; including photographs) discusses Mepacrine, Pamaquin, Dolantin, Sontochin, arsenic organic compounds, vitamins, penicillin, antimalarials, barbitu­rates, sulfa drugs, and Acetophenetidin.

SARGENT ELECTRIC

DRYING OVEN

• Thousands of these ovens are now in use, giving dependable service. Such universal ac­ceptance over a period of many years grew out of the satisfaction of users with the oven's durability, i ts dependable heating and regulat­ing system, long service life of heating ele­ments, and its safety features.

Heat is delivered from five elements dis­tributed acx-oss the oven floor. The circuit is so designed as to deliver laterally balanced dis­tribution o f heat at all temperatures. A three point multiple switch prevents excessive over­heating and overloading of contact points by permitting adjustment of base heat to the low­est quantity needed for any selected operating temperature. Temperature regulation is accom­plished by a bimetallic controller of extreme simplicity, assuring regulation within an av­erage variation of 1 ° C. Not more than 3 am­peres are carried by regulator contacts.

Fast heat transfer with resultant quick dry­ing is accelerated by inlets at the bottom pro­vided with shutters and four outlet holes in the top. Temperature range with good regulation, up to 180° C. Higher temperatures available with slight loss in accuracy of regulation.

Emphasis on strength and durability in the construction is typified by such details as the

welded frame, double insulated door and heavy gauge metal work used throughout the body of the oven.

Specifications Inside dimensions of working chamber 10

inches high, 12 inches wide, 10 inches deep. Outside overall 17Vz inches high, l^Vz inches wide, 13 inches deep. Maximum power input 900 watts.

Furnished complete with two perforated shelves, thermometer having a range of minus 10° to plus 200° C in 1° 'subdivisions, pilot light, cord and plug. S-63995-A $40.00 S-64005-B 41.00

E. H, SARGENT & C O . , 1 5 5 - 1 6 5 E. S u p e r i o r St . . C h i c a g o 1 1 , I I I . Michigan Division: 7 959 East Jefferson, Detroit 7, Michigan

PLASTICIZER 3 A new low cost sulfur-reactive plasticizer, tackifier, processing aid and extender for use with

NITRILE RUBBERS Plasticizer 3 is available in large commer­cial quantities.

Samples and technical bulletin covering the use of Plasticizer 3 in rubber compounding are available on request.

BiîiEcca CHEmscnis. int.

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mm.-CHEMICALS

éO EAST 42nd STREET, NEW YORK 17, N. Y. MURRAY HILL 2-35S8

ESTABLISHED 1919

S, Ç I Ε" H, Τ * F « C L. A Β Ô R A *T Ο R Y S U P R L I g S