Probiotik Bagi Pupuk Biologis Ekosistem Laut

Etymologically, the term appears to be a composite of the Latin preposition pro ("for") and the Greek adjective βιωτικός (biotic), the latter deriving from the noun βίος (bios, "life").

The first use of the term “probiotic” as microorganisms that have effects on other microorganism was accredited to Lilly and Stilwell (1965),[2] expressed as follows: Substances secreted by one microorganism that stimulate another microorganism.

“Organisms and substances that have a beneficial effect on the host animal by contributing to its intestinal microbial balance”.

Fuller (1989) probiotics as "live microbial feed supplement which beneficially affects the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance".

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria are the most common types of microbes used as probiotics, but certain yeasts and bacilli may also be used.

Probiotics are commonly consumed as part of fermented foods with specially added active live cultures, such as in yogurt, soy yogurt, or as dietary supplements.

1. Food Conversion Ratio Enhancement(Peningkatan FCR; rasio konversi pakan)

2. Diseases Protection (Perlindungan Penyakit)

3. Water Quality Maintenance (Perbaikan Kualitas Air)

4. Biofertilizer (Pupuk Biologis)

Marine Biofertilizer

Fertilizer purposesDirect Nutrient supplies

(C, H, H,O, S, N, P, K or Phosphate, Nitrate, ion NO3- and NH4+ etc

Indirect Nutrient supplies (C, H, H,O, S, N, P, K or Phosphate, Nitrate, ion NO3-

and NH4+ etcIdeal condition of water

pH, CO2 balance, DO

NitrificationNitrification is the process by which ammonia is

converted to nitrites (NO2-) and then nitrates (NO3-). This process naturally occurs in the environment, where it is carried out by specialized bacteria. Namely, nitrifying bacteria

Ammonia Produced by the breakdown of organic sources of

nitrogen, a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. Toxic to aquatic life at these concentrations, and the

the nitrification process requires oxygen (ammonia contributes to the BOD of the wastewater).

The nitrification process is carried out by two different types of bacteria. Nitrosomonas carry out the first step of the process, producing nitrite:

The resulting nitrite is then converted to nitrate by Nitrobacters:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotroph

Nitrifying BacteriaAre chemoautotrophic or chemolithotrophs

depending on the genera (Nitrosomonas, Nitrosococcus, Nitrobacter, Nitrococcus) bacteria that grow by consuming inorganic nitrogen compounds.[1]

Nitrifying BacteriaHave key enzymes in nitrification:

ammonia monooxygenase which oxidizes ammonia to hydroxylamine, and nitrite oxidoreductase, which oxidizes nitrite to nitrate.

Super NBContent : Bacillus sp. Pseudomonas sp. Nitrobacter sp. Aerobacter sp.

Concentration: +_10 9 CFU / ml Benefit - Utilize NH3 & NO2 in water and soil

- Maintaining optimum scale of water pH and alkalinity- Reducing stress and disease susceptibility- Increase beneficial microorganism communities

Super NBApplication Method During Preparation (1 ha pond) put 1.0 liter Super NB &

mix well with "SUPER MEDIA“ which can help plankton growth and also increase the dominance of beneficial microorganism on pond.Apply it everyday until water color established.

- Early stage, 0.5 ppm / week- Middle stage, 0.5 - 1 ppm / week- Last stage , 1-1.5 ppm / week At present, we realized that shrimp culture needs good maintenance of water quality management and water parameter control.

The routine activity during culturing period such as: feeding program chemicals treatment: bioaugmentation treatment and water exchanged etc, could directly influence stability of water quality.

Super NB The balance between phytoplankton; zooplankton and

beneficial microorganism during culture period play a crucial role to create well growth of shrimps, decreasing susceptibility of disease to shrimps and also reducing pathogens. As a result, it will enhance probiotic system in pond.

Super NB and Super PS as biotechnological product contains beneficial communities of bacteria. These bacteria operate in a synergistic relationship to biodegrade soluble organic pollutants; maintaining optimum scale of pH; alkalinity and reducing stress to the shrimp.

It is much easier to prevent diseases than trying to cure them. Super NB and Super PS can also help improving water quality and achieve optimum ecological condition in shrimp pond.

Super PSContent

Rhodobacter sp. Rhodococus sp.

Concentration +_ 10 9 CFU /ml Benefit - Utilize H2s

- Maintaining optimum scale of water pH

- Biodegrade sludge- Increase beneficial microorganism communities

Rhodobacter Rhodobacter have a wide range of metabolic

capabilties. The most studied, R. sphaeroides, possesses metabolic methods which include photosynthesis, lithotrophy, and aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

It can also fix nitrogen and synthesize tetrapyrroles, chlorophylls, and vitamin B12.

Rhodobacter

Species of Rhodobacter have a wide range of metabolic capabilties. The most studied, sphaeroides, possesses metabolic methods which include photosynthesis, lithotrophy, and aerobic and anaerobic respiration. It can also fix nitrogen and synthesize tetrapyrroles, chlorophylls, heme, and vitamin B12. This species is also the first free-living bacteria to be known to utilize the regulatory methods associated with quorum-sensing. Bacteria with quorum-sensing systems possess certain signaling compounds which allow the organism to communicate and coordinate with similar bacteria. Rhodobacters possess one flagellum located on the side of the cell body. This flagella rotates rapidly clockwise, causing propulsion of the cell, and reorients when it stops and coils up. To see Rhodobacter sphaeroides in motion, visit the Rowland Institute at Harvard site.

Ecology Rhodobacter's various methods of respiration and metabolism allow it to

survive in a number of varied habitats; differing from other nonsulfur purple bacteria in that they can grow in both the light and the dark. These organisms appear to be numerous in all types of aquatic environments.

Rhodococcus is also an experimentally advantageous system owing to a relatively fast growth rate and simple developmental cycle.

Another important application of Rhodococcus comes from bioconversion, using biological systems to convert cheap starting material into more valuable compounds.

Rhodococcus is a genus of aerobic, nonsporulating, nonmotile Gram-positive bacteria A few species are pathogenic, most are benign and have been found to thrive in a broad range of environments, including soil, water, and eukaryotic cells.

Strains of Rhodococcus are applicably important owing to their ability to catabolize a wide range of compounds and produce bioactive steroids, acrylamide, and acrylic acid, and their involvement in fossil fuel biodesulfurization.[

Super PSApplication Method During Preparation (1 ha pond)Before creating the "water color", spread 30-50 liter of

Super PS into shrimp pond for utilizing the residue of organic matter in pond bottom and for establishing good bacteria groups on pond bottom

Early stage, 0.5 ppm / weekMiddle stage,1ppm / weekLast stage, 1-2 ppm / week

Super PSCautionApply between 08.00 - 11.00 AM

(sunny day)paddle wheel should be turn on

during the applicationStore at room temperature 27 o C

Proses Produksi

Medium(g/L) : 0.5 (NH4)2SO4; 1.0 K2HPO4; 0.03 FeSO4∙7 H20; 0.3 NaCl; 0.3 MgSO4∙7 H2O; 7.5 CaCO3.