Crotone is a city in Crotone is a city in CalabriaCalabria, southern , southern ItalyItaly, on the , on the Ionian SeaIonian Sea. Founded circa . Founded circa 710 BC710 BC as the as the AchaeanAchaean

colony of Croton (colony of Croton (GreekGreek: Κρωτονας; : Κρωτονας; LatinLatin: Crotona), it : Crotona), it was known as Cotrone from the was known as Cotrone from the Middle AgesMiddle Ages until until 19281928

, when its name was changed to Crotone. In , when its name was changed to Crotone. In 19961996 it it became the capital of the newly established became the capital of the newly established

Province of CrotoneProvince of Crotone. As of . As of December 31December 31, , 20042004, its , its population was 60,517.population was 60,517.

• The city is located approximately 10 m height above sea level and more The city is located approximately 10 m height above sea level and more than 60,000 inhabitants. than 60,000 inhabitants.

• Located on the coast jonica Calabrian, has an area is characterized by a Located on the coast jonica Calabrian, has an area is characterized by a particular morphological diversity: surrounded by predominantly white particular morphological diversity: surrounded by predominantly white beaches, towards' gradually becomes hilly hinterland. It was founded by beaches, towards' gradually becomes hilly hinterland. It was founded by the Greek city of Achaeans Kroton in 709-708 BC According to Ovid, that the Greek city of Achaeans Kroton in 709-708 BC According to Ovid, that Hercules was ordered Miscello, son of Alemone, going on the shores of Hercules was ordered Miscello, son of Alemone, going on the shores of Jonio to found a new city. Jonio to found a new city.

Strabo argues that, crucial for the foundation of the city, was the 'oracle at Strabo argues that, crucial for the foundation of the city, was the 'oracle at Delphi who ordered Miscello found the new city between the head Lacinio, Delphi who ordered Miscello found the new city between the head Lacinio, the river Esaro and the city of Crimisa. Crotone reached a peak after the the river Esaro and the city of Crimisa. Crotone reached a peak after the victory over Sibari in 510 BC when it became the main centre of Magna victory over Sibari in 510 BC when it became the main centre of Magna Greece. In the sixth century. BC, the city became even more famous Greece. In the sixth century. BC, the city became even more famous because Pythagoras founded his school. Today Crotone is a modern city because Pythagoras founded his school. Today Crotone is a modern city with foundations agricultural and industrial production. Important were with foundations agricultural and industrial production. Important were for the development of city employment large chemical industry and the for the development of city employment large chemical industry and the Montedison 'Enichem that were permanently closed in the 80s. From the Montedison 'Enichem that were permanently closed in the 80s. From the city remain important evidence brought to light by the various excavations city remain important evidence brought to light by the various excavations carried out in recent years and many items are now stored in the carried out in recent years and many items are now stored in the Archaeological Museum in the city. St. Dionysius theArchaeological Museum in the city. St. Dionysius the Aeropagita is the Aeropagita is the patron of Crotone and is celebrated on October 9. patron of Crotone and is celebrated on October 9.

• Croton was long one of the most flourishing cities of Croton was long one of the most flourishing cities of Magna GreciaMagna Grecia. Its . Its inhabitants were famous for their physical strength and for the simple inhabitants were famous for their physical strength and for the simple sobriety of their lives. From sobriety of their lives. From 588 BC588 BC onwards, Croton produced many onwards, Croton produced many generations of victors in the generations of victors in the OlympicsOlympics and the other and the other Panhellenic GamesPanhellenic Games, the , the most famous of whom was most famous of whom was Milo of CrotonMilo of Croton. According to . According to HerodotusHerodotus (3.131), (3.131), the physicians of Croton were considered the foremost among the Greeks. the physicians of Croton were considered the foremost among the Greeks. PythagorasPythagoras founded his school, the founded his school, the PythagoreansPythagoreans, at Croton circa 530 BC. , at Croton circa 530 BC. Among his pupils were the early medical theorist Among his pupils were the early medical theorist Alcmaeon of CrotonAlcmaeon of Croton and and the philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer the philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer PhilolausPhilolaus. The . The Pythagoreans acquired considerable influence with the supreme council of Pythagoreans acquired considerable influence with the supreme council of one thousand by which the city was ruled. one thousand by which the city was ruled. SybarisSybaris was the rival of Croton was the rival of Croton until 510 BC, when Croton sent an army of one hundred thousand men, until 510 BC, when Croton sent an army of one hundred thousand men, commanded by the boxer commanded by the boxer MiloMilo, against Sybaris and destroyed it. Shortly , against Sybaris and destroyed it. Shortly afterwards, however, an insurrection took place, by which the Pythagoreans afterwards, however, an insurrection took place, by which the Pythagoreans were driven out and a democracy established.were driven out and a democracy established.

• ..

• In In 480 BC480 BC, Croton sent a ship in support of the Greeks at the , Croton sent a ship in support of the Greeks at the BattleBattle of of SalamisSalamis (Herodotus 8.47), but (Herodotus 8.47), but the victory of the victory of LocriLocri and and RhegiumRhegium over Croton in the same year marked the beginning of its decline. over Croton in the same year marked the beginning of its decline. It was replaced by It was replaced by HeracleaHeraclea as headquarters of the as headquarters of the ItalioteItaliote LeagueLeague. . DionysiusDionysius, the tyrant of , the tyrant of SyracuseSyracuse, aiming at hegemony in Magna Graecia, captured Croton in 379 BC and held it for twelve , aiming at hegemony in Magna Graecia, captured Croton in 379 BC and held it for twelve years. Croton was then occupied by the years. Croton was then occupied by the BruttiBrutti, with the exception of the citadel, in which the chief , with the exception of the citadel, in which the chief inhabitants had taken refuge; these, being unable to defend the place against a inhabitants had taken refuge; these, being unable to defend the place against a CarthaginianCarthaginian force, force, soon after surrendered, and were allowed to withdraw to Locri.soon after surrendered, and were allowed to withdraw to Locri.

• In 295 BC, Croton fell to another Syracusan tyrant, In 295 BC, Croton fell to another Syracusan tyrant, AgathoclesAgathocles. When . When PyrrhusPyrrhus invaded Italy invaded Italy (280-278, 275 BC), Croton was still a considerable city, with twelve miles of walls, but after the (280-278, 275 BC), Croton was still a considerable city, with twelve miles of walls, but after the PyrrhicPyrrhic War War, half the city was deserted (Livy 24.3). What was left of its population submitted to , half the city was deserted (Livy 24.3). What was left of its population submitted to RomeRome in 277 BC. After the in 277 BC. After the BattleBattle of of CannaeCannae in the in the SecondSecond PunicPunic War War (216 BC), Croton revolted from (216 BC), Croton revolted from Rome, and Rome, and HannibalHannibal made it his winter quarters for three years; it was not recaptured until 205 or made it his winter quarters for three years; it was not recaptured until 205 or 204 BC. In 194 BC, it became the site of a Roman colony. Little more is heard of it during the 204 BC. In 194 BC, it became the site of a Roman colony. Little more is heard of it during the Republican and Republican and ImperialImperial periods, though periods, though PetroniusPetronius mentions the corrupt morals of its inhabitants mentions the corrupt morals of its inhabitants

• had taken refuge; these, being unable to defend the place against a had taken refuge; these, being unable to defend the place against a CarthaginianCarthaginian force, soon after force, soon after

surrendered, and were allowed to withdraw to Locri.surrendered, and were allowed to withdraw to Locri.

• Around 550, the city was unsuccessfully besieged by Around 550, the city was unsuccessfully besieged by TotilaTotila, king of the , king of the OstrogothsOstrogoths. At . At a later date it became a part of the a later date it became a part of the Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire. About 870 it was taken and . About 870 it was taken and sacked by the sacked by the SaracensSaracens, who put to death the bishop and many people who had , who put to death the bishop and many people who had taken refuge in the cathedral. Over a hundred years later, taken refuge in the cathedral. Over a hundred years later, Otto II, Holy Roman EmperorOtto II, Holy Roman Emperor, mounted a campaign in southern Italy to drive them , mounted a campaign in southern Italy to drive them out and reduce the power of the Byzantines, but was out and reduce the power of the Byzantines, but was defeateddefeated by a by a KalbidKalbid army near army near Cotrone on Cotrone on July 13July 13, , 982982. Later on Cotrone was conquered by the . Later on Cotrone was conquered by the NormansNormans. . Thereafter it shared the fate of the Thereafter it shared the fate of the Kingdom of Kingdom of NaplesNaples—including the period of —including the period of Spanish rule of which the 16th-century castle of Spanish rule of which the 16th-century castle of Charles VCharles V, overlooking modern , overlooking modern Crotone, serves as a reminder—and its successor, the Crotone, serves as a reminder—and its successor, the Kingdom of the Two SiciliesKingdom of the Two Sicilies, , which was conquered by the which was conquered by the Kingdom of SardiniaKingdom of Sardinia in 1860 and incorporated into the in 1860 and incorporated into the new Kingdom of Italy in 1861.new Kingdom of Italy in 1861.

• Crotone's location between the ports of Crotone's location between the ports of TarantoTaranto and and MessinaMessina, as well as its proximity , as well as its proximity to a source of hydroelectric power, favored industrial development during the period to a source of hydroelectric power, favored industrial development during the period between the two World Wars. In the 1930s its population doubled. Unfortunately, the between the two World Wars. In the 1930s its population doubled. Unfortunately, the two main employers, two main employers, Pertusola SudPertusola Sud and and MontedisonMontedison, collapsed. By the late 1980s , collapsed. By the late 1980s Crotone was in economic crisis, with many residents losing their jobs and leaving to Crotone was in economic crisis, with many residents losing their jobs and leaving to find work elsewhere. In 1996, a flood dealt a further blow to the city's morale. Since find work elsewhere. In 1996, a flood dealt a further blow to the city's morale. Since that low point, the city has undergone urban renewal and risen in quality-of-life that low point, the city has undergone urban renewal and risen in quality-of-life rankings.rankings.

Detail excursionDetail excursion

Along the Along the wayway it crosses it crosses Victoria via Vittorio Victoria via Vittorio EmanueleEmanuele where you can admire the old town hall and where you can admire the old town hall and the church decorated with stucco dell'Immacolata the church decorated with stucco dell'Immacolata all'interno baroque and imposing canvases. There is all'interno baroque and imposing canvases. There is also the also the cathedralcathedral facade with nineteenth-style facade with nineteenth-style neoclassico.All 'inside a beautiful baptismal font and a neoclassico.All 'inside a beautiful baptismal font and a precious treasure Our Lady of Cape column. Continuing precious treasure Our Lady of Cape column. Continuing you reach you reach PiazzaPiazza precisely precisely castlecastle dominated by an dominated by an imposing castle which is the best art military Neapolitan imposing castle which is the best art military Neapolitan of 500 '. Leaving the castle and along risorgimento way of 500 '. Leaving the castle and along risorgimento way we arrive at we arrive at Palazzo Zurlo-Soda and building Palazzo Zurlo-Soda and building Galluccio.Galluccio.

To visit CrotoneTo visit Crotone

Piazza Pythagoras,Piazza Pythagoras, is the most important of Crotone, and a meeting center for citizens. Surrounded by porches is the most important of Crotone, and a meeting center for citizens. Surrounded by porches

built in the second half 800's, stands on the hill Knight. Continuing Via Vittoria arrive in built in the second half 800's, stands on the hill Knight. Continuing Via Vittoria arrive in Piazza DuomoPiazza Duomo where where we can admire the magnificent we can admire the magnificent cathedralcathedral dating from the ninth century. It was built on several occasions using dating from the ninth century. It was built on several occasions using materials from the materials from the Temple of Hera Lacinia.Temple of Hera Lacinia. This implied a eclecticism of styles that can be seen today in the This implied a eclecticism of styles that can be seen today in the unique architecture of this church. Sormontata by dome and bell shaped unique architecture of this church. Sormontata by dome and bell shaped Oriental,Oriental, maintains a predominantly maintains a predominantly Baroque facade. Inside you may notice some Baroque facade. Inside you may notice some masonry blocksmasonry blocks relating to the original construction, and some relating to the original construction, and some chapels as the main dedicated to Our Lady of black chapels as the main dedicated to Our Lady of black Capocolonna,Capocolonna, erected nell'800. Next to the cathedral is the erected nell'800. Next to the cathedral is the Episcopal Palace,Episcopal Palace, built in the sixteenth century. In which are preserved some of the main badges crotonesi built in the sixteenth century. In which are preserved some of the main badges crotonesi bishops. Continuing the Corsican Vittorio Emanuele we come across in the building where he established the bishops. Continuing the Corsican Vittorio Emanuele we come across in the building where he established the old old Town Hall.Town Hall. Is the front Is the front of the church,of the church, whose construction took place in 1554 and later enlarged in 1738. whose construction took place in 1554 and later enlarged in 1738. Inside of a single nave and is decorated with a portal with friezes of the Baroque period. Not far from the church Inside of a single nave and is decorated with a portal with friezes of the Baroque period. Not far from the church is the is the ChurchChurch of the of the Convent of St. andConvent of St. and Clare,Clare, with plant'400 end but rebuilt in'700. Places within the with plant'400 end but rebuilt in'700. Places within the beautiful pavement beautiful pavement majolica Neapolitan,majolica Neapolitan, and the precious body wooden 1753. Continuing Via Risorgimento and the precious body wooden 1753. Continuing Via Risorgimento GallucciGallucci is the is the Palazzo,Palazzo, built at the end of'800. Not far there is the eighteenth century built at the end of'800. Not far there is the eighteenth century Church of St.Church of St. JosephJoseph enriched by baroque stucco. One of the most important buildings of Crotone is the enriched by baroque stucco. One of the most important buildings of Crotone is the Castle,Castle, a fortress polygonal a fortress polygonal plant, which still keeps intact all the charm of the Middle Ages. Built for the will of the noble family plant, which still keeps intact all the charm of the Middle Ages. Built for the will of the noble family RuffoRuffo was was five towers with a circular plan. Under the domain of five towers with a circular plan. Under the domain of Charles V,Charles V, the castle took on the forms and in 1541 the the castle took on the forms and in 1541 the new defensive structure inglobava old. Were added new ramparts and zoomed l 'architectural trim. During the new defensive structure inglobava old. Were added new ramparts and zoomed l 'architectural trim. During the Second World WarSecond World War was used as an antiaircraft and was partially damaged because of the numerous was used as an antiaircraft and was partially damaged because of the numerous earthquakes. Of earthquakes. Of Sanctuary of Hera LaciniaSanctuary of Hera Lacinia today is not that a column of the temple built in about 470 BC. today is not that a column of the temple built in about 470 BC. However, you can find the essential elements that reveal the presence of what was considered However, you can find the essential elements that reveal the presence of what was considered the most the most important sanctuary of Magna Greece.important sanctuary of Magna Greece.

Many of the items found during the excavations are today preserved in the Many of the items found during the excavations are today preserved in the Archaeological MuseumArchaeological Museum in the city. in the city. To complete the visit of Crotone we can bear at the To complete the visit of Crotone we can bear at the MuseumMuseum or visit the or visit the Galleria Comunale,Galleria Comunale, rich in historical rich in historical from the Castle. from the Castle.

The Cathedral, originally from the The Cathedral, originally from the 9th-11th century, but largely 9th-11th century, but largely rebuilt. It has a neo-classical rebuilt. It has a neo-classical façade, while the interior has a façade, while the interior has a nave with two aisles, with nave with two aisles, with Baroque decorations. Baroque decorations. Noteworthy are a baptismal Noteworthy are a baptismal font (12th century) and the font (12th century) and the Madonna di Capo Colonna, the Madonna di Capo Colonna, the icon of the Black Madonna icon of the Black Madonna which, according to the which, according to the tradition, was brought from tradition, was brought from East in the first years of the East in the first years of the Christian eraChristian era

Castle of Charles VCastle of Charles V

• The 16th century The 16th century Castle of Charles V. It Castle of Charles V. It houses the Town houses the Town Museum, with Museum, with findings excavated in findings excavated in the ancient site of the ancient site of Kroton. Notables are Kroton. Notables are also the remnants of also the remnants of the walls, of the same the walls, of the same century, and of century, and of various watchtowers.various watchtowers.

Capo ColonnaCapo Colonna • A worthwhile excursion from A worthwhile excursion from

Crotone is to the famed column at Crotone is to the famed column at Capo Colonna on Calabria's Capo Colonna on Calabria's extreme eastern point, for which extreme eastern point, for which you have to drive or walk 11 km. you have to drive or walk 11 km. along the coast. The column is a along the coast. The column is a solitary remnant of a vast solitary remnant of a vast structure which served as the structure which served as the temple for all the Greeks in temple for all the Greeks in Calabria. Dedicated to Hera Calabria. Dedicated to Hera Lacinia, the temple originally Lacinia, the temple originally possessed 48 of these Doric possessed 48 of these Doric columns and was the repository of columns and was the repository of immense wealth before being immense wealth before being repeatedly sacked as Magna repeatedly sacked as Magna Graecia and Hellenism itself Graecia and Hellenism itself declined. The object of Gissing's declined. The object of Gissing's pilgrimage to Crotone, and a pilgrimage to Crotone, and a feature of his fevered visions as feature of his fevered visions as he lay on his sick bed (he he lay on his sick bed (he eventually left without seeing it), eventually left without seeing it), it remained forever a mirage for it remained forever a mirage for him as he strained his eyes on the him as he strained his eyes on the Crotone seafront, as unattainable Crotone seafront, as unattainable as his attempts to recapture the as his attempts to recapture the glories of ancient Greeceglories of ancient Greece. .

• The ancient castle built on an island, with The ancient castle built on an island, with accessibility on foot limited to a narrow strip of accessibility on foot limited to a narrow strip of land, is referred to as Le Castella. land, is referred to as Le Castella.

Food and Wine Food and Wine Crotone is at the same time a seaside and agricultural town. These two aspects interlace and produce ex­clusive gastronomic specialties such as the Mustica or the Sardella bottled in oil and hot pepper and other spices. In Crotone and along the coast fish cooked in several ways is a main course. The “Cavatelli”, a kind of homemade “orecchictte” seasoned with gravy and grated ripe cheese, are a characteristic and tasty dish. Crotone and its neighborhood are rich in vines of noble and old origins, the wines produced are well known all over the world. They are Ciro and Melissa, two inimitable red wines, sweet­smelling and strong table wines. Ciro has two variations: the rose and the white wine. Ciro, the gods' wine, was offered after the Olympic games to the winners. Among the sweets, we must remember the “pitta in chiusa”, a puff pastry flavored with wine and filled with walnuts, raisins and candied fruits, pre­pared like a rose and baked or fried in olive oil

GASTRONOMYGASTRONOMY

• The kitchen of Crotone makes the most products of the earth, as The kitchen of Crotone makes the most products of the earth, as cereals, citrus fruits, olives, vegetables and fruit. Widespread use of cereals, citrus fruits, olives, vegetables and fruit. Widespread use of chili pepper, which adds a strong flavor to foods. Among the chili pepper, which adds a strong flavor to foods. Among the appetizers to try the sausages and dairy products, including the appetizers to try the sausages and dairy products, including the provola, fresh ricotta salata, and the many butirro preserves, such provola, fresh ricotta salata, and the many butirro preserves, such as that of pummadori sicchi, pipi salted, funci all'ogghio, alivi driven, as that of pummadori sicchi, pipi salted, funci all'ogghio, alivi driven, sasizze, in addition to pilchard and soppressata. Among the dishes, sasizze, in addition to pilchard and soppressata. Among the dishes, include homemade pasta sauce seasoned with pork or how include homemade pasta sauce seasoned with pork or how cavateddri maccarruni and fish soup. Among the main courses, the cavateddri maccarruni and fish soup. Among the main courses, the culinary tradition of Crotone offers second fish and meat, especially culinary tradition of Crotone offers second fish and meat, especially pork, accompanied by delicious contours of vegetables. pork, accompanied by delicious contours of vegetables. Among the desserts include the typical Pitta from Madonna and Among the desserts include the typical Pitta from Madonna and sanguinazzu. A Christmas to prepare the Easter crustuli while you sanguinazzu. A Christmas to prepare the Easter crustuli while you can enjoy cuzzupa. can enjoy cuzzupa. The dishes must be accompanied by absolutely delicious wines: The dishes must be accompanied by absolutely delicious wines: Cirò, Melissa, Hippolytus, The Valley Neto, the Sant'Anna. Cirò, Melissa, Hippolytus, The Valley Neto, the Sant'Anna.

EVENTSEVENTS

• A Crotone take place during the year, many cultural and A Crotone take place during the year, many cultural and religious events. religious events. During the months of April and May Crotone houses the During the months of April and May Crotone houses the National Motocross Championship on sand that attracts National Motocross Championship on sand that attracts hundreds of fans from the province and the whole region. hundreds of fans from the province and the whole region. Dell'Aurora The Festival is held in May. It 'a festival of music Dell'Aurora The Festival is held in May. It 'a festival of music and culture that testifies to the importance of light for Crotonesi: and culture that testifies to the importance of light for Crotonesi: the procession of Our Lady fact ends at dawn, cosÃg as the the procession of Our Lady fact ends at dawn, cosÃ3 as the temple of Hera was once addressed to the east. The festival temple of Hera was once addressed to the east. The festival concludes with a concert organized in the early morning hours. concludes with a concert organized in the early morning hours. In August the municipality of Crotone organizes Kroton Jazz In August the municipality of Crotone organizes Kroton Jazz Festival, known musical event. Inside the Villa Comunale are Festival, known musical event. Inside the Villa Comunale are organized concerts and exhibitions of the most famous artists of organized concerts and exhibitions of the most famous artists of the genre. the genre. Other festivals have to remember that of Saint Dionysius Other festivals have to remember that of Saint Dionysius (October) and that of Saint Lucia (December). (October) and that of Saint Lucia (December). Among the Fairs not forget your antiques, the first Sunday of Among the Fairs not forget your antiques, the first Sunday of every month and the Festival of the Kitchen Calabrese in every month and the Festival of the Kitchen Calabrese in September. September.

Traditional Events Traditional Events

• The most traditional feasts in The most traditional feasts in Crotone are two. The first one is Crotone are two. The first one is the Feast of the Madonna of the Feast of the Madonna of Capocolonna that takes place in Capocolonna that takes place in spring. The second one is the spring. The second one is the Feast of Magna Graecia that takes Feast of Magna Graecia that takes place in summer. However, the place in summer. However, the hinterland of Crotone is rich in hinterland of Crotone is rich in traditions. The Upper Ionian of traditions. The Upper Ionian of Crotone, in fact, gives hospitality Crotone, in fact, gives hospitality to the Albanian community of to the Albanian community of Pallagorio, S. Nicola del’ Alto and Pallagorio, S. Nicola del’ Alto and Carfizzi, where year by year old Carfizzi, where year by year old religious rites and arbereshe religious rites and arbereshe events are repeated. events are repeated.

•

CRAFTCRAFT

• The craft crotonese is The craft crotonese is known for art goldsmith. known for art goldsmith. Handicapped goldsmiths Handicapped goldsmiths create magnificent jewels create magnificent jewels often inspired style greek often inspired style greek and Byzantine treated in and Byzantine treated in detail and finish. detail and finish. Important including Important including woodworking, ceramics, woodworking, ceramics, wood, of silver and wood, of silver and production of sacred production of sacred objects objects

Gerardo SaccoGerardo Sacco• The early history of "Gerardo Sacco" s'intreccia with that of its founder. Sacco was born in The early history of "Gerardo Sacco" s'intreccia with that of its founder. Sacco was born in

Crotone in 1940 and started working since the age of eight years at the barber shop a few Crotone in 1940 and started working since the age of eight years at the barber shop a few months later, quite coincidentally, is taken as a boy in the laboratory of a goldsmith, and here months later, quite coincidentally, is taken as a boy in the laboratory of a goldsmith, and here discovers his true vocation. Extremely valuable intrigued by the material, the new job with discovers his true vocation. Extremely valuable intrigued by the material, the new job with enthusiasm, which provides an opportunity to satisfy his thirst for knowledge and realized, enthusiasm, which provides an opportunity to satisfy his thirst for knowledge and realized, creating. After learning the rudiments of gold, Sacco decided to create their own and went to creating. After learning the rudiments of gold, Sacco decided to create their own and went to Valenza Po to learn the techniques and processes of gold in series. At the same time, he Valenza Po to learn the techniques and processes of gold in series. At the same time, he attended night courses at an institution of art, where it completes its training, studying art history attended night courses at an institution of art, where it completes its training, studying art history and perfecting his knowledge of jewelry, geometry and gemology. When, in 1969, back to and perfecting his knowledge of jewelry, geometry and gemology. When, in 1969, back to Crotone and represents their craft Company, Sacco has now acquired theoretical and practical Crotone and represents their craft Company, Sacco has now acquired theoretical and practical training so that its work quality are much higher than that of local goldsmiths and to the best training so that its work quality are much higher than that of local goldsmiths and to the best national productions. Within his "school-shop", a work by "digging" aimed at recovering their national productions. Within his "school-shop", a work by "digging" aimed at recovering their processes of the past, Sacco specializes in gold production, which is rooted in the culture-the processes of the past, Sacco specializes in gold production, which is rooted in the culture-the Great Greek, Byzantine , Renaissance and Baroque, in the tradition of his land and those of the Great Greek, Byzantine , Renaissance and Baroque, in the tradition of his land and those of the Albanian community in Calabria. The first successes In the same year, Sacco realizes his first Albanian community in Calabria. The first successes In the same year, Sacco realizes his first sample, which gets awards at national level: 10 wins premium Craft Show Goldsmith Florence, sample, which gets awards at national level: 10 wins premium Craft Show Goldsmith Florence, Oscar Craft Show at the San Remo and other prizes. These awards are made for products very Oscar Craft Show at the San Remo and other prizes. These awards are made for products very different, but all characterized by a high level of originality and quality. The fame of Gerardo different, but all characterized by a high level of originality and quality. The fame of Gerardo Sacco is spreading rapidly in environments goldsmiths, and even the most famous jewellers, as Sacco is spreading rapidly in environments goldsmiths, and even the most famous jewellers, as Van Cleef and Tiffany, appreciate his creations. Many are beginning to imitate the production, Van Cleef and Tiffany, appreciate his creations. Many are beginning to imitate the production, but without being able to emularne whimsical style and unmistakable. Sacco tackles. This unfair but without being able to emularne whimsical style and unmistakable. Sacco tackles. This unfair competition, organizing and participating more frequently in exhibitions, both in Italy and abroad, competition, organizing and participating more frequently in exhibitions, both in Italy and abroad, as alI'EXPO Lisbon, at which creates "jewels of the sea", which subsequently artefacts will be as alI'EXPO Lisbon, at which creates "jewels of the sea", which subsequently artefacts will be displayed at the Biennale Sea Naples. His works are valued at Cultural Copenhagen, the House displayed at the Biennale Sea Naples. His works are valued at Cultural Copenhagen, the House of Culture in Brussels at the Foreign Trade in New York and Los Angeles, Greece Magna of Culture in Brussels at the Foreign Trade in New York and Los Angeles, Greece Magna International Association of Toronto, Buenos Aires all'Italiana'86, Calabresi Show in the World in International Association of Toronto, Buenos Aires all'Italiana'86, Calabresi Show in the World in Melbourne and, finally, the Museum Citade Lisbon. In Italy, Gerardo Sacco creations are Melbourne and, finally, the Museum Citade Lisbon. In Italy, Gerardo Sacco creations are exhibited in the Museum Maniscalco Erizzi Verona, in the Museum of Scoletta Battioro St. Sta ~ exhibited in the Museum Maniscalco Erizzi Verona, in the Museum of Scoletta Battioro St. Sta ~ Venice, in the Museum Marrucino of Chieti, in the Castle Museum of Charles V of Crotone, in the Venice, in the Museum Marrucino of Chieti, in the Castle Museum of Charles V of Crotone, in the Museum of Castel Sant ' Angelo and Rispoli Palace in Rome and Castel dell'Ovo Museum in Museum of Castel Sant ' Angelo and Rispoli Palace in Rome and Castel dell'Ovo Museum in Naples. Combined with its religious creations, most recently those related to the Jubilee 2000, Naples. Combined with its religious creations, most recently those related to the Jubilee 2000, Sacco is the goldsmith now be more represented in the Vatican Museums, where seven are Sacco is the goldsmith now be more represented in the Vatican Museums, where seven are exposed his works. exposed his works.

MUSEUMSMUSEUMS

• We must visit the museums of Crotone to admire the many We must visit the museums of Crotone to admire the many testimonies of the period greek various dominations and that the testimonies of the period greek various dominations and that the city had to endure. city had to endure. The State Archaeological Museum was established in 1910 and The State Archaeological Museum was established in 1910 and already hosted numerous findings came to light during finds not already hosted numerous findings came to light during finds not only sporadic, but even during regular excavation campaigns. The only sporadic, but even during regular excavation campaigns. The exhibition is divided into two sections: the ground floor there are exhibition is divided into two sections: the ground floor there are artefacts that testify to the history of the city, from prehistory to the artefacts that testify to the history of the city, from prehistory to the Middle Ages, the first floor houses the main findings from the Greek Middle Ages, the first floor houses the main findings from the Greek sanctuaries of Crotone. In Museo Civico are preserved all the sanctuaries of Crotone. In Museo Civico are preserved all the testimonies of the period of the modern and medieval. The testimonies of the period of the modern and medieval. The exhibition is divided into several parts: the section of heraldry, exhibition is divided into several parts: the section of heraldry, ceramic, armory, vintage photos and a section dedicated to ancient ceramic, armory, vintage photos and a section dedicated to ancient artefacts found in the houses of the city artefacts found in the houses of the city

CONNECTIONSCONNECTIONS

• Crotone is well connected with the rest of the region and Crotone is well connected with the rest of the region and with other Italian cities. with other Italian cities. The SS. 106 is the main artery that runs along the The SS. 106 is the main artery that runs along the entire coast ion, while the SS. 107 Crotone - Cosenza entire coast ion, while the SS. 107 Crotone - Cosenza connecting the city with the various locations of Silas. connecting the city with the various locations of Silas. As for the links to small distance, the rail network is not As for the links to small distance, the rail network is not well equipped, but on the other an excellent bus service well equipped, but on the other an excellent bus service ensures links with other cities and towns in the province. ensures links with other cities and towns in the province. The rail links to long-distance services are more The rail links to long-distance services are more efficient. efficient. Crotone also has a good airport in the area of S. Anna, Crotone also has a good airport in the area of S. Anna, a few kilometres from the city, in the town of Isola Capo a few kilometres from the city, in the town of Isola Capo Rizzuto. Rizzuto. To reach Crotone you can also take the A3, with exit To reach Crotone you can also take the A3, with exit Cosenza. It then continues on SS. 107. Cosenza. It then continues on SS. 107.

Songs and dances Songs and dances

• The prentazione is accompanied by drum The prentazione is accompanied by drum of traditional songs such as: "My of traditional songs such as: "My Calabrisella" and "Tarantella"Calabrisella" and "Tarantella"

Calabrisella MiaCalabrisella Mia

• Back in time, in the beautiful region of Calabria, in a Back in time, in the beautiful region of Calabria, in a pristine village where life is pure and simple, takes place pristine village where life is pure and simple, takes place a beautiful love story. a beautiful love story.

• A young man in love with a beautiful girl follows her to A young man in love with a beautiful girl follows her to the nearby water fountain to declare his love for her. At the nearby water fountain to declare his love for her. At the fountain the shy girl is using the fresh water to wash the fountain the shy girl is using the fresh water to wash her clothes when he steals her best handkerchief. While her clothes when he steals her best handkerchief. While he is walking around trying to win her heart he asks the he is walking around trying to win her heart he asks the beautiful girl for some fresh water to drink. At first she beautiful girl for some fresh water to drink. At first she refuses to give him water. She then decided to give him refuses to give him water. She then decided to give him some to drink, but only after he promises to visit her some to drink, but only after he promises to visit her tonight at her home so he could meet her parents.tonight at her home so he could meet her parents.

Folck DanceFolck DanceThis traditional folk dance is from the region of Calabria. It tells a beautiful love story. The setting is a pristine village in Calabria where life is pure and simple.

The TarantellaThe Tarantella

• The Tarantella, although it is a dance popular Neapolitan origins, is also widespread The Tarantella, although it is a dance popular Neapolitan origins, is also widespread in Calabria where you run in a continuous crescendo of sound and rhythm. A careful in Calabria where you run in a continuous crescendo of sound and rhythm. A careful analysis of the steps and behaviour mimici of dancers will clearly assumed the Greek analysis of the steps and behaviour mimici of dancers will clearly assumed the Greek origin. The occasions were several dance: from religious holidays to those families origin. The occasions were several dance: from religious holidays to those families (birth, engagement, marriage) as agricultural coinciding with certain cases (vintages, (birth, engagement, marriage) as agricultural coinciding with certain cases (vintages, trebbiature, tosature sheep, etc..). Even the tools reflect the Greek tradition: the trebbiature, tosature sheep, etc..). Even the tools reflect the Greek tradition: the melodic thread and entrusted all'organetto, replacing almost always "ciarameddha" melodic thread and entrusted all'organetto, replacing almost always "ciarameddha" (bagpipes), in turn derived from aulos (flute) or diaulos (two reed flute) italioti of. (bagpipes), in turn derived from aulos (flute) or diaulos (two reed flute) italioti of. The scanning rhythm and insured by tambourine, tympanon originated from the The scanning rhythm and insured by tambourine, tympanon originated from the guitar (not often), " 'zzarinu" (= lock iron triangle route from a metal rod) from guitar (not often), " 'zzarinu" (= lock iron triangle route from a metal rod) from "scartagnetta" or "castagnetta" (ie by the scrocchio fingers), in imitation of Greek "scartagnetta" or "castagnetta" (ie by the scrocchio fingers), in imitation of Greek crotali, or by the beat of the dancer hands. In certain tarantellas of high and medium crotali, or by the beat of the dancer hands. In certain tarantellas of high and medium Calabria is used once grancassa beaten with a large hammer curved. In Tarantella Calabria is used once grancassa beaten with a large hammer curved. In Tarantella Calabria, in general, there and the lack of hand, unlike the other (sicula and bell). Calabria, in general, there and the lack of hand, unlike the other (sicula and bell). Sometimes the music is accompanied by brief verses allusive to bystanders or Sometimes the music is accompanied by brief verses allusive to bystanders or encouragement (especially in mixed tarantellas in pairs), but almost the only sound encouragement (especially in mixed tarantellas in pairs), but almost the only sound normally issued by the dancers or musicians in a spagnolesco "ayay" more or less normally issued by the dancers or musicians in a spagnolesco "ayay" more or less prolonged or repeated underlining the difficulty or the subtlety of some figures prolonged or repeated underlining the difficulty or the subtlety of some figures attracting the attention of bystanders and stimulating the skill of dancers. attracting the attention of bystanders and stimulating the skill of dancers.

The dance and the originsThe dance and the origins

• It is a dance of Greek derivation, it is a dance that involves a series of rituals and It is a dance of Greek derivation, it is a dance that involves a series of rituals and symbolic representations. symbolic representations.

In the past, this tarantella ballad of a man and a woman was often during courtship: In the past, this tarantella ballad of a man and a woman was often during courtship: man put out his physical vigor with gestures and harmonious at the same time man put out his physical vigor with gestures and harmonious at the same time energetic, while a woman with low eyes and gestures garbati just mentioned interest energetic, while a woman with low eyes and gestures garbati just mentioned interest developments male. In figuration called "dell'anfora", the woman put his hands on developments male. In figuration called "dell'anfora", the woman put his hands on the sides, to emphasize a part of the female body was that the more the more the sides, to emphasize a part of the female body was that the more the more luxuriant was synonymous with fertility. luxuriant was synonymous with fertility.

Aspiring dancers arranged in a circle and form the so-called "Rota" u "mastru the Aspiring dancers arranged in a circle and form the so-called "Rota" u "mastru the ballu" (dance teacher) enters the circle and after a tour through "appropriate" its ballu" (dance teacher) enters the circle and after a tour through "appropriate" its territory calls to a person dancing, and then the coupling with another of the opposite territory calls to a person dancing, and then the coupling with another of the opposite sex. After a lap dance the first to enter is asked to leave the dance ( "Fora primu u!" sex. After a lap dance the first to enter is asked to leave the dance ( "Fora primu u!" Or "Thank you Madam") and is replaced by a new dancer / a. That way everyone has Or "Thank you Madam") and is replaced by a new dancer / a. That way everyone has the opportunity to dance with two different people for each "round". And ' "good the opportunity to dance with two different people for each "round". And ' "good creanza" that man entering the rota greetings with a discreet gesture players and the creanza" that man entering the rota greetings with a discreet gesture players and the woman with whom is preparing to dance. If the latter is married or girlfriend will be woman with whom is preparing to dance. If the latter is married or girlfriend will be made a gesture of "request permission" to the husband / boyfriend. And 'the maesto made a gesture of "request permission" to the husband / boyfriend. And 'the maesto dance to decide on the formation of couples, following specific rules and fees, dance to decide on the formation of couples, following specific rules and fees, particularly sensible, and therefore that this role lies with the person of May "respect" particularly sensible, and therefore that this role lies with the person of May "respect" of the community. of the community.

Musical instruments Calabrian Musical instruments Calabrian

• Tamburello is one of the most Tamburello is one of the most important instruments of important instruments of Calabrian musical tradition. It Calabrian musical tradition. It is used to accompany dance is used to accompany dance and sing along with other and sing along with other instruments. It is a frame instruments. It is a frame drum equipped with rattles in drum equipped with rattles in the chassis. The membrane is the chassis. The membrane is kidskin leather, cat or rabbit. kidskin leather, cat or rabbit. Inside the hair is left to soften Inside the hair is left to soften the sound and sometimes are the sound and sometimes are placed bells. placed bells.

• Traccola is a hydrophone a scraping tool. It has the same gear of raganella, which is Traccola is a hydrophone a scraping tool. It has the same gear of raganella, which is extended and fitted with resonator. The cogwheel expands to become a cylinder on extended and fitted with resonator. The cogwheel expands to become a cylinder on which push different straws, all supported on a table, completely or partially open, which push different straws, all supported on a table, completely or partially open, which acts as risuonatore. The only movement is the rotation of the crank. which acts as risuonatore. The only movement is the rotation of the crank.

Raganella: hydrophone a scraping tool, comprising a toothed wheel with a handle, a Raganella: hydrophone a scraping tool, comprising a toothed wheel with a handle, a frame and a slat. To use the player must make a gsto rotation to cause the scraping frame and a slat. To use the player must make a gsto rotation to cause the scraping of the slat on teeth and then produce sound. of the slat on teeth and then produce sound.

Bells and bells: are used to harness cattle are animals and serve as a "sound signal" Bells and bells: are used to harness cattle are animals and serve as a "sound signal" as selected according to size and sex of the animal. It applicant use cycle winter as selected according to size and sex of the animal. It applicant use cycle winter holidays (New Year's Day and Carnival). holidays (New Year's Day and Carnival).

Fischietto water: aerofono instrument, small terracotta vase-shaped or bird, which Fischietto water: aerofono instrument, small terracotta vase-shaped or bird, which mimics the song. It should be filled with water and blowing in its beak you get a loud mimics the song. It should be filled with water and blowing in its beak you get a loud sound. Generally products Seminara (RC), are then sold throughout the region. sound. Generally products Seminara (RC), are then sold throughout the region.

• Zampogna is a aerofono reed, Zampogna is a aerofono reed, polyphonic, a continuous polyphonic, a continuous sound, consisting of several sound, consisting of several cane reed (from 2 to 6), a cane reed (from 2 to 6), a strain (block of wood strain (block of wood truncated conical connecting) truncated conical connecting) and a tube of ballooning. The and a tube of ballooning. The goatskin is formed by the goatskin is formed by the entire skin of a goat or a entire skin of a goat or a sheep with hair turned inside. sheep with hair turned inside. In Calabria played the In Calabria played the traditional bagpipes are traditional bagpipes are pastoral and the tarantella. pastoral and the tarantella.

• Guitar flying is a cordofono Guitar flying is a cordofono belonging to the family of lutes or belonging to the family of lutes or pizzicati. Compared to normal pizzicati. Compared to normal guitar, differs for 8 elongated guitar, differs for 8 elongated shape, with shoulders not very shape, with shoulders not very prominent, with a deep cash prominent, with a deep cash bombato high bands, bischeri bombato high bands, bischeri rear, 4 or 5 wire ropes of equal rear, 4 or 5 wire ropes of equal caliber. It is mainly spread in the caliber. It is mainly spread in the provinces of Cosenza and provinces of Cosenza and Catanzaro. The player can also Catanzaro. The player can also leave the ropes and strike the leave the ropes and strike the plane of the guitar. The repertoire plane of the guitar. The repertoire includes songs to strofette and includes songs to strofette and tarantellas pizzicate. tarantellas pizzicate.

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