Precision measurement of the neutron β -asymmetry A with spin-polarized ultracold neutrons
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Precision measurement of the neutron β-asymmetry A with spin-polarized ultracold neutrons B.W. Filippone, K.P. Hickerson, T.M. Ito, J. Liu, J.W. Martin, M. Mendenhall, A. Pérez Galván, B. Plaster, R. Schmid, B. Tipton, and J. Yuan W.K. Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA and the UCNA Collaboration Institutions Duke University, Idaho State University, Indiana University, Institut Laue-Langevin, Los Alamos National Laboratory, North Carolina State University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Texas A&M University, Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, University of Kentucky, University of Washington, University of Winnipeg, Virginia Tech Spin-polarized UCN transported into 3-m long guide situated within a 1-Tesla superconducting solenoidal spectrometer [10] Fraction of the UCNs undergo β-decay Emitted decay electrons spiral around the field lines and are detected in (identical) MWPC/scintillator detector packages [11] located at both ends of the spectrometer Measured asymmetry in the rates in the two detector packages yields a value for A Spin-polarized neutron β- decay Solid deuterium ultracold neutron (UCN) source at LANL UCNA experimental setup References The differential probability that a polarized neutron will decay into an electron, a proton, and an electron anti-neutrino with momenta in specified directions relative to the neutron spin is given by [1] The neutron-spin, electron-momentum angular correlation parameter, A, (the “beta asymmetry”) can be expressed in terms of the ratio of the axial- vector and vector coupling constants, λ = g A / g V , as [2] Measurements of A provide the definitive value for g A , the weak axial-vector coupling constant of the nucleon. Further, measurements of the neutron lifetime, τ n , and A, determine the CKM matrix element V ud as [3] E p B E p A E E p p a d d dE E E E p dW e e n e e e e e e e 1 ) ( 2 0 2 2 3 1 2 A 2 2 2 3 1 1 ud n V G f UCNA experimental concept solid deuteriu m (< 6 K) UCN guides What are ultra-cold neutrons (UCN) ? Neutrons with speeds < 8 m/s (< 350 nano-eV) that can undergo total external reflection at all angles from various material surfaces and can be reflected (μ·B interaction) from ~few Tesla magnetic fields How do we produce UCN ? Short (few hundred μs long) pulse of 800 MeV protons incident on a tungsten spallation target produces a flux of MeV neutrons that are moderated to < 100 K Downscattered into UCN regime (< 4 mK) via phonon interactions in a ~2-liter solid deuterium source maintained at < 6 K How do we transport and polarize UCN ? Transported along cylindrical guides coated with 58 Ni or a diamond-like film evaporated onto the surface of the guides Spin-polarized via transport through a 7-Tesla magnetic field UCN production in solid deuterium was pioneered at LANL in a prototype solid deuterium source [9]. −0.1173( 13) 0.9807(3 0) −0.103( 4) Electron detectors [10,11]: Plastic scintillator for measurement of energy and timing information (trigger) MWPC for position information and background (gamma) rejection (coincidence between scintillator and MWPC) Detector cart for the MWPC/scintillator on the floor prior to insertion into the spectrometer. MWPC gas handling system vacuum housing for scintillator, light guides, and PMTs entrance window 1-Tesla solenoidal spectrometer UCN from source [1] J.D. Jackson, S.B. Treiman, and H.W. Wyld, Jr., Phys. Rev. 106, 517 (1957). [2] S. Gardner and C. Zhang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5666 (2001). [3] A. Czarnecki, W.J. Marciano, and A. Sirlin, Phys. Rev. D 70, 093006 (2004). [4] R.W. Pattie et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 012301 (2009). [5] J. Liu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 181803 (2010). [6] H. Abele et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 211801 (2002). [7] A. Serebrov et al., Phys. Lett. B 605, 72 (2005). [8] I.S. Towner and J.C. Hardy, Rep. Prog. Phys. 73, 046301 (2010). [9] C.L. Morris et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 272501 2002); A. Saunders et al., Phys. Lett. B 593, 55 (2004). [10] B. Plaster et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 595, 587 (2008). [11] T.M. Ito et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 571, 676 (2007). PDG 2010 Values LHe cryostat polyethyle ne moderator (< 100 K) tungsten spallation target 800 MeV proton beam beryllium reflector UCN “flapper valve” walls of source coated with 58 Ni UCNA: motivation and first results Past measurements of A with beams of polarized cold neutrons suffered from significant discrepancies. The UCNA experiment has provided the first-ever measurement of A with stored ultracold neutrons (UCN). The use of UCN has significant advantages in terms of the neutron polarization and neutron-generated backgrounds. The first UCNA results [4,5] are in good agreement with the most recent, and most precise, cold neutron- based experiment, PERKEO II [6]. Current (2010) status of A, lifetime, and neutron-based V ud results : [4]: UCNA Proof-of- Principle [5]: UCNA First Precision Result [6]: PERKEO II 1 . 5 / χ 2 [7] [8] % 5 . 4 ~ cos ) ( meas A P E A e e 113 Sn: 368 keV MWPC: Gamma Background Rejection MWPC: Position Reconstruction UCN beamlin e 7-Tesla polarizin g magnets AFP spin flipper electron detectors electron detectors muon vetoes UCNA β-decay spectrum and asymmetries S/B ~ 40:1 from 275– 625 keV Binned values for A after corrections for backscattering and β cosθ acceptance Size of systematic corrections for backscattering and β cosθ acceptance for different experimental configurations
description
Precision measurement of the neutron β -asymmetry A with spin-polarized ultracold neutrons B.W. Filippone , K.P. Hickerson , T.M. Ito, J. Liu, J.W. Martin, M. Mendenhall, A. Pérez Galván , B. Plaster, R. Schmid , B. Tipton, and J. Yuan - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Precision measurement of the neutron β -asymmetry A with spin-polarized ultracold neutrons
Precision measurement of the neutron β-asymmetry A with spin-polarized ultracold neutrons
B.W. Filippone, K.P. Hickerson, T.M. Ito, J. Liu, J.W. Martin, M. Mendenhall, A. Pérez Galván, B. Plaster, R. Schmid, B. Tipton, and J. YuanW.K. Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
and the UCNA Collaboration InstitutionsDuke University, Idaho State University, Indiana University, Institut Laue-Langevin, Los Alamos National Laboratory, North Carolina State University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,
Texas A&M University, Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, University of Kentucky, University of Washington, University of Winnipeg, Virginia Tech
Spin-polarized UCN transported into 3-m long guide situated within a 1-Tesla superconducting solenoidal spectrometer [10] Fraction of the UCNs undergo β-decay Emitted decay electrons spiral around the field lines and are detected in (identical) MWPC/scintillator detector packages [11] located at both ends of the spectrometer Measured asymmetry in the rates in the two detector packages yields a value for A
Spin-polarized neutron β-decay Solid deuterium ultracold neutron (UCN) source at LANL UCNA experimental setup
References
The differential probability that a polarized neutron will decay into an electron, a proton, and an electron anti-neutrino with momenta in specified directions relative to the neutron spin is given by [1]
The neutron-spin, electron-momentum angular correlation parameter, A, (the “beta asymmetry”) can be expressed in terms of the ratio of the axial-vector and vector coupling constants, λ = gA / gV , as [2]
Measurements of A provide the definitive value for gA, the weak axial-vector coupling constant of the nucleon. Further, measurements of the neutron lifetime, τn , and A, determine the CKM matrix element Vud as [3]
E
pB
E
pA
EE
ppadddEEEEpdW
e
en
e
eeeeee
1)( 2
0
2
2
312
A
222 311 ud
n
VGf
UCNA experimental concept
solid deuterium
(< 6 K)
UCN guides What are ultra-cold neutrons (UCN) ?
Neutrons with speeds < 8 m/s (< 350 nano-eV) that can undergo total external reflection at all angles from various material surfaces and can be reflected (μ·B interaction) from ~few Tesla magnetic fields
How do we produce UCN ?
Short (few hundred μs long) pulse of 800 MeV protons incident on a tungsten spallation target produces a flux of MeV neutrons that are moderated to < 100 K
Downscattered into UCN regime (< 4 mK) via phonon interactions in a ~2-liter solid deuterium source maintained at < 6 K
How do we transport and polarize UCN ?
Transported along cylindrical guides coated with 58Ni or a diamond-like film evaporated onto the surface of the guides
Spin-polarized via transport through a 7-Tesla magnetic field
UCN production in solid deuterium was pioneered at LANL in a prototype solid deuterium source [9].
−0.1173(13) 0.9807(30)−0.103(4)
Electron detectors [10,11]: Plastic scintillator for measurement of energy and timing information (trigger) MWPC for position information and background (gamma) rejection (coincidence between scintillator and MWPC)
Detector cart for the MWPC/scintillator on the floor prior to insertion into the spectrometer.
MWPC
gas handling system
vacuum housing for scintillator, light guides, and PMTs
entrance window
1-Tesla solenoidal
spectrometer
UCN from source
[1] J.D. Jackson, S.B. Treiman, and H.W. Wyld, Jr., Phys. Rev. 106, 517 (1957).[2] S. Gardner and C. Zhang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5666 (2001).[3] A. Czarnecki, W.J. Marciano, and A. Sirlin, Phys. Rev. D 70, 093006 (2004).[4] R.W. Pattie et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 012301 (2009).[5] J. Liu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 181803 (2010).[6] H. Abele et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 211801 (2002).[7] A. Serebrov et al., Phys. Lett. B 605, 72 (2005).[8] I.S. Towner and J.C. Hardy, Rep. Prog. Phys. 73, 046301 (2010).[9] C.L. Morris et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 272501 2002); A. Saunders et al., Phys. Lett. B 593, 55 (2004).[10] B. Plaster et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 595, 587 (2008).[11] T.M. Ito et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 571, 676 (2007).
PDG 2010 Values
LHe cryostat
polyethylene moderator
(< 100 K) tungsten spallation target
800 MeV proton beam
beryllium reflector
UCN “flapper valve”
walls of source coated with 58Ni
UCNA: motivation and first results Past measurements of A with beams of polarized cold neutrons suffered
from significant discrepancies. The UCNA experiment has provided the first-ever measurement of A
with stored ultracold neutrons (UCN). The use of UCN has significant advantages in terms of the neutron polarization and neutron-generated backgrounds. The first UCNA results [4,5] are in good agreement with the most recent, and most precise, cold neutron-based experiment, PERKEO II [6].
Current (2010) status of A, lifetime, and neutron-based Vud results :
[4]: UCNA Proof-of-Principle
[5]: UCNA First Precision Result
[6]: PERKEO II1.5/χ 2
[7][8]
%5.4~cos)(meas APEA ee
113Sn: 368 keV
MWPC: Gamma Background Rejection
MWPC: Position Reconstruction
UCN beamline
7-Tesla polarizing magnets
AFP spin flipper
electron detectors
electron detectors
muon vetoes
UCNA β-decay spectrum and asymmetries
S/B ~ 40:1 from 275–625 keV
Binned values for A after corrections for
backscattering and β cosθ acceptance
Size of systematic corrections for
backscattering and β cosθ acceptance for different experimental
configurations
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