Simple Electronics: Ring Oscillator. 74HC04 Ground (Gnd) Power.
Power Electronics
description
Transcript of Power Electronics
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(SCR, TRIAC, DIAC, UJT, PUT)
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(SCR).............................................................. 6 ................................................................................................... 6 V - I .............................................................................................................. 10 ........................................................................................................... 13
.................................................................................................. 21 ................................................................................................. 21 V-I .............................................................................................................. 23 .............................................................................................................................. 26
...................................................................... 30 ................................................................................................. 30
VI ......................................................................................................... 32
............................................................................................................................ 33 (UJT) ........................................................................................... 35
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19: UJT ........................................................................................................... 38
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V-I ........................................................................................................ 44 UJT .............................................................................................................. 45 UJT (PUT)......................................................................................... 48
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(Thyristor)
"" . (on) (off) , , , . , , , , .
, , , DC AC. , , , , . , , , , . , , , "" "" , .
(FET). , FET , . , , FET , , .
,
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5
. , , . , , (SCR), (TRIAC), (DIAC), (PUT). .
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(SCR)
. , , SCR. , , SCR . , , , , . , , (turn on) (turn off), , .
, SCR. ' , .
SCR , , - . , , , . SCR , - .
SCR 1-. SCR (PNPN) , , . , , , . , .
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1 : SCR
SCR, , , 1-. , SCR , , 1-. , , PNP , 1-. , , 1-.
, 1-, SCR, 1-. , , . , , , . , , , .
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SCR , , .
SCR , , , . , , , , . , , , , . , , , . , . , .
SCR , - , . , .
SCR 1- , 1-. , SCR , - . SCR , . , , , , .
SCR, , , 2. , , , . , SCR . ,
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A, G. & K, 2.
() () ()
(G) (G) (G)
() () ()
2 : SCR
, , SCR , , 3. (S) , RG. (G), . - SCR , (RL)
SSS GGG
AAA
KKK
IAIIAA
RGRRGG
+++ ---
+++
---
R1RR11
3 : , , SCR
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, , , SCR, , , , SCR , ( ) , ).
V - I
SCR , - (V-I), 4. V-I SCR. , - SCR, SCR. , . SCR, , , , 4. - SCR VF, . VF , SCR ( F), . VF , F , , F VF ( ). VF, , (forward break-over voltage). VF, SCR F, , . SCR , , . VF SCR .
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SCR , VF, F ( ). , SCR , F . F , SCR . F, SCR , (holding current) SCR . 4, , ( ).
VRVVRR
VRVVRR VRVVRR
IRIIRR
+++
---
VFVVFF VFVVFF
+++
---
IFIIFF
IRIIRR
VFVVFF
4 : V - I SCR
SCR, 4, , , . (VR) SCR , (R) , . , VR ,
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SCR. , IR , VR , ( ). (VR), SCR, (reverse breakdown voltage) SCR. SCR, , , . , , , , SCR .
V-I 4 VF IF, SCR . , SCR , . , 4 , .
, SCR . , SCR, 5. , V-I , ( IG) SCR . "G=0" VF IF, , , 4. IG1 , , , . , "G=0", ( VF). IG2 , . , , .
5 SCR . ,
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, , , . , .
5 SCR. , , , SCR. , SCR, , . , , , .
IFIIFF
VFVVFF
IG2IIG2G2 IG1IIG1G1IG0IIG0G0
5 : SCR,
, SCR , SCR , . ,
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, , SCR , . , , . SCR, , , , , . SCR, , , , .
SCR, , DC AC , . . . SCR, 3, , DC (R2), SCR , , . , , , , SCR. , , SCR - . SCR, SCR.
SCR 6. , . , SCR1 DC , R1 SCR2, (C) (R1), . SCR1, DC R1. , , (C) , R1. , , . SCR2, , SCR1. SCR1.
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, SCR1, , SCR1 R1. , , SCR1, , SCR2, .
+ V+ V+ V
SCR1SCRSCR11
R1RR11 R1RR11
SCR2SCRSCR22
CCC
AAA --- +++
GGGKKK
ONONONOFFOFFOFF
KKK
6 : DC SCR
SCR DC , , ( SCR), . , .
SCR AC , . , AC , AC . AC 7. SCR
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, , . , S , SCR . R1 D1 , SCR, .
S, SCR AC , R1. S , SCR , AC . , SCR, , AC . , SCR,
. , , AC , SCR AC . ,
, AC , . , AC , , , SCR . , . DC .
R1RR11
SCRSCRSCR AAA
KKK
GGG
SSS
D1DD11AC
ACAC
7 : AC SCR
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, 6 7, . , , SCR . , , . SCR , , . , SCR, . , , , .
SCR , , , . , , 60 Hz AC. AC , SCR, 8. (half- ware phase control circuit). SCR AC , R1.
R1RR11
R1RR11
AC
ACAC
D1DD11
D2DD22AAA
GGG
KKK
SCRSCRSCR
---
+++
CCC
8 : SCR AC , 8,
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120 volts, 60 Hz . 9-. , C D2 SCR , . , , D1 SCR.
, SCR , , R1, , . , SCR R1 C. R1, , D2 , AC . , , , R1.
R1 , C C ( SCR D1) , SCR. , R1 , SCR R1 , SCR AC . R1, 9-.
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+O-++OO--
+O-++OO--
+O-++OO--
+O-+OO--+
+O-++OO--
9 : SCR
R1 , C , , . , C , SCR. , SCR, . SCR
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, . R1, 9-.
R1 , SCR, . 9- R1 R1 , SCR 9- R1 . R1 , SCR R1.
9, , . , , 50% AC .
, SCR, , AC , , , AC , ( ), SCR. , AC , SCR, , . SCR . AC , , , AC .
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(SCR), , , , . SCR , . , AC , SCR AC . , SCR AC , DC , SCR.
AC , , . triac. triac , , , SCR, , . triac SCR , .
, , triac .
triac 10-. , 1, 2 . 1 2 , . , , 1. , 1 2, . , triac
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, . , SCR, , . SCR 8-10.
triac . , , , SCR . SCR , .
10- triac. , , . SCR , , , , triac .
2 2 2
1 1 1
2 2 2
1 1 1
AAA BBB
10 : triac
SCR, , triac . triac , AC
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. triac, , SCR. , , , . SCR, , . , triac , .
, , , triac 11. , , . , , , , , , 1 2, :
2(2)
2 2(( 22))
1(1)
1 1(( 11))
(G)
(G)(G)
11 : triac
V-I
- (V-I) triac, 12.
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, ( + -) , ( +V -V). , triac 1 , .
- V-- V V - VBO-- V VBOBO+ VBO+ V+ VBOBO
IHIIHH
IHIIHH
-IT-I-ITT
+IT++IITT
MT2
MTMT22
+ V+ V+ V
MT2
MTMT22
12 : V-I triac
12 (2) 1 ( +V), (+) , +V (+VBO) . , triac + , , . triac , + (), . , SCR , .
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MT2 1, triac V-I , (-) , -V (-V) . , triac , - .
V-I 12, , triac SCR, . , , triac . SCR , triac ( ) , , . , . , SCR triac. SCR , triac . , triac ( ) , , 1, . , , , . , , .
SCR, triac , ( ). , , , . , (+ -) . triac , +V +, . , , +V. . triac,
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, , ( ), . , (+V -V). , triac, . SCR, , , triac.
triac , AC . AC AC , . , AC , 13.
AC AC AC
R1RR11
R1RR11
MT1MTMT11
MT2MTMT22
GGGSSS
13 : AC ,
R1 , S , . S , triac AC .
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triac, . , S , R1 triac, , . triac, , , SCR ( 7) . .
triac, AC , , 14. (full-wave phase, control circuit) SCR , 8. triac AC , SCR 8, . , triac .
C R1,
, AC . , triac ,
R1RR11
ACACAC
R1RR11
CCC
GGG
MT2MTMT22
MT1MTMT11
14 :
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C . , 1 triac. , , . , , , . . , , , .
, C , . , triac . , triac , . triac, , R1. R1 , triac AC R1. R1 , . , 9, R1, triac, ( ).
, triac , . triac. , , , . R1 C,
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, , triac, , . ( ).
triac , SCR. , triac SCR , . triac ( ), 25 amperes. , SCR ( ), 700 800 amperes SCR . , .
triac . , SCR, . triac , , . , triac (50 400 Hz), SCR 30 Hz. , , AC , SCR , triac, .
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, triac, triac . triac, , diac.
, , . , triac.
diac , , . , , , , 15-. , , , , . . diac - , , . , , , .
, diac , , . , , . , , , diac , . 15-.
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PP
PP
NN
AA
To diac ( ) , , , . , , , . diac, , , ( ) .
, , diac, 15-. triac, .
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VI
(V-I), diac, 16. , (+ & -) , (+V & -V).
16 , diac, , , , . , diac, diac +VBO & -VBO, 16. +VBO & -VBO, , 28 36 Volts. +VBO & -VBO , diac , . , , diac , . , diac .
-- V V-- V VBOBO
+ V+ VBOBO
-I-I-I
+I++II
+ V+ V
16: V-I diac
diac h , (+VBO -VBO) . +VBO -VBO , .
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diac, , triac, , ( . 17. , , 14. diac , , . , C1 . C1 +VBO -VBO, diac . diac, triac . , C1, , 1 triac, diac. , , C1, diac ( ) MT1, triac. , , diac & triac, , . ( C1) diac, , , triac.
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ACACAC
R1RR11
C1CC11
R1RR11
DIACDIACDIAC
TRIACTRIACTRIAC
MT2MTMT22
MT1MTMT11GGG
17: , diac triac.
diac , triac, AC . , , . , , , . , , . , , , . diac - triac, , triac.
diac triac, , . , diac, .
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diac .
(UJT)
, UJT. UJT , diac & triac, . UJT , , , . , UJT , , .
, UJT . , , PUT. PUT , , UJT, .
UJT . , PUT , UJT.
, 18. SCR, 110 amperes , , SCR . SCR 4,5 amperes. , , triac 50 amperes.
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18: (courtesy of Amperex Electronic Corp.)
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, (UJT) . , , (block) , , , 19-. - , , 1 2. . , , 1, 2 , .
, . , 1 2, . UJT ( 1 2), 5 Kohms 9 Kohms.
, , . , UJT , 19-. (RB1 & RB2) , . UJT , UJT 19-.
UJT 19-. () , UJT . , .
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NNN
22
2 222
11
1 111
()
()()
222
111
R2RR22
R1RR11
222
111
AAA
19: UJT .
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UJT , . 20 UJT . (VBB) 1 2, 2 1. (VS) 1, 1. VS . , .
VSVVSS
RRR
VEVVEE
+++
---
+++
---VBBVVBBBB
RB2RRBB22
RB1RRBB11 VB1VVBB11
B1BB11
B2BB22
20: UJT.
VS , , , (RB1 & RB2) 1 2. , , , Ohm, VBB, 1 2 (RB1 + RB2). VBB RB1 & RB2. RB1 ( VB1)
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(VBB) (intrisic standoff ratio) ().
, :
() = VB1/VBB
RB1 RB2 , , , RB1 , 1 2 (RB1+ RB2). , :
= RB1 / RB1 + RB2
, , . , VBB VS. UJT , 0,5 0,8. , , , RB1 (VB1) (VBB). , , :
VB1 = VBB
, , RB1(VB1) VBB . , UJT 0,5 VBB 20 volts,
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RB1 10 volts.
.
UJT , VS , . , UJT , VS , . , VS , , 0,7 volts. , RB1 (VB2) , (VE). , VE 0,7 volts VB1, , ,
VE , (peak voltage) Vp. Vp VBB, . , :
(Vp) = VBB + VF
, , V , , (VF). , , V UJT, VBB. , UJT () 0,6 VBB 10 volts, :
V = 0,6 (10) + 0,7
V = 6 + 0,7
V = 6,7 volts
, V 6,7 volts.
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V, , . , V, , . ( ) , , . , () 1, . , () 1, RB1 . , RB1. . , V. UJT .
(VS) , , , . VS , , RB1. , RB1 VE, 1, . UJT, , , .
VS , , , , VE , , . . , VE.
, 1, UJT . RB1 , , RB2 , , ()
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. , RB2 , RB1. (RB1 + RB2) , UJT , VBB. ,, RB2 .
1. UJT, . V , .
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V-I
1 UJT, 21. , , UJT ( ) 1 ( VE). , , 20. VE , VS .
VEVVEE
-IE-I-IEE +IE++IIEEVVV
VVV
III III
21: V-I 1 UJT
21 VE , (-) . , , ( 20), RB1(VB1). VE VB1, VE (+), , . VE (Vp), UJT . , (peak current) , 21.
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Vp, V , + , , . , V . , V , (valley voltage) V. (valley current) . V, V , + UJT , , .
UJT
UJT , . , , , 22. , , (relaxation oscillator) UJT , .
--
SSS
R2RR22R1RR11
B2BB22
B1BB11
R3RR33 ER3EERR33+++CCC
VBBVVBBBB+++
---
VE
E
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22: UJT
S , C
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R1, . C Vp UJT, UJT 1 . C R3 UJT( R3 ). C , , V UJT UJT . UJT, C Vp. UJT, , C , Vv . C , , Vp , , Vv. , 1 UJT, 23 - . , , Vv Vp.
, , , R3. R3 (3) . C . , . R3, UJT ( 1 2), .
, ( ), , R1. R1 , C . R1 , C Vp . , , , C . , .
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V VV
V VV
V EVV EE
(t) (t) (t)
(t) (t) (t)
R 3 RR 33
23: UJT , , 1.
, UJT , , . , UJT , , , . , UJT ( ) , . , , . UJT , SCR, , 8. , C 8 UJT UJT , , SCR .
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UJT (PUT)
UJT PUT . UJT ( ), , , , , UJT. , PUT - , , .
, UJT PUT, (Vp) PUT . UJT, Vp . PUT , , , 1 UJT , , , . , V - I , 1 UJT. , . , Vp PUT , , , , .
( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )( )
( G )
( G )( G )
24: PUT.
PUT ,
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, 25. PUT , 23. ( ), R1, , R3 R4. R2. R2 . , PUT , ( ) , ( 0,7 volts). , Vp .
+++
---
+++
---
R1RR11 R3RR33
R4RR44R2RR22
AAA
KKK
GGG
ESEESS
25: PUT .
C, (5), R1. 22. C Vp, PUT C R2. C Vv PUT, . R2. 23. ,
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, R1 C. , R3 R4. PUT, Vp. R4 , R3 , Vp. Vp , , PUT . . R3 , R4 , .
PUT 25, , R3 R4, Vp PUT. , R3 R4 PUT. (p) (v) R3 R4, (V5). , R3 R4 , Vp ( V5). , R3 R4, p v PUT, V5.
, (R3 R4) p v . , , p v, R3 R4. R3 R4 (RG) PUT, :
RGR RR R
3 4
3 4
V5, p n , RG . , , p n,
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, , . , , , , , 25. , , PUT , PUT.
, , , PUT , , SCR. , PUT , UJT , , SCR, . PUT, , ( 25), . , , , . , , Vp () .
PUT , , UJT. PUT , , UJT . , UJT , UJT , .
(SCR) V - I
V-I
VI (UJT)
19: UJT .V-I UJT UJT (PUT)