Power Electronics

51
ΕΘΝΙΚΟ ΜΕΤΣΟΒΙΟ ΠΟΛΥΤΕΧΝΕΙΟ ΤΜΗΜΑ ΗΛΕΚΤΡΟΛΟΓΩΝ ΜΗΧΑΝΙΚΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΜΗΧΑΝΙΚΩΝ ΥΠΟΛΟΓΙΣΤΩΝ ΗΛΕΚΤΡΟΝΙΚΑ ΙΣΧΥΟΣ ΘΥΡΙΣΤΟΡ (SCR, TRIAC, DIAC, UJT, PUT) 1

description

Power Electronics

Transcript of Power Electronics

  • (SCR, TRIAC, DIAC, UJT, PUT)

    1

  • 2

  • .................................................................................................................................. 4

    (SCR).............................................................. 6 ................................................................................................... 6 V - I .............................................................................................................. 10 ........................................................................................................... 13

    .................................................................................................. 21 ................................................................................................. 21 V-I .............................................................................................................. 23 .............................................................................................................................. 26

    ...................................................................... 30 ................................................................................................. 30

    VI ......................................................................................................... 32

    ............................................................................................................................ 33 (UJT) ........................................................................................... 35

    ........................................................................................................................ 37

    19: UJT ........................................................................................................... 38

    ............................................................................................................................ 39

    V-I ........................................................................................................ 44 UJT .............................................................................................................. 45 UJT (PUT)......................................................................................... 48

    3

  • (Thyristor)

    "" . (on) (off) , , , . , , , , .

    , , , DC AC. , , , , . , , , , . , , , "" "" , .

    (FET). , FET , . , , FET , , .

    ,

    4

  • 5

    . , , . , , (SCR), (TRIAC), (DIAC), (PUT). .

  • (SCR)

    . , , SCR. , , SCR . , , , , . , , (turn on) (turn off), , .

    , SCR. ' , .

    SCR , , - . , , , . SCR , - .

    SCR 1-. SCR (PNPN) , , . , , , . , .

    6

  • 1 : SCR

    SCR, , , 1-. , SCR , , 1-. , , PNP , 1-. , , 1-.

    , 1-, SCR, 1-. , , . , , , . , , , .

    7

  • SCR , , .

    SCR , , , . , , , , . , , , , . , , , . , . , .

    SCR , - , . , .

    SCR 1- , 1-. , SCR , - . SCR , . , , , , .

    SCR, , , 2. , , , . , SCR . ,

    8

  • A, G. & K, 2.

    () () ()

    (G) (G) (G)

    () () ()

    2 : SCR

    , , SCR , , 3. (S) , RG. (G), . - SCR , (RL)

    SSS GGG

    AAA

    KKK

    IAIIAA

    RGRRGG

    +++ ---

    +++

    ---

    R1RR11

    3 : , , SCR

    9

  • , , , SCR, , , , SCR , ( ) , ).

    V - I

    SCR , - (V-I), 4. V-I SCR. , - SCR, SCR. , . SCR, , , , 4. - SCR VF, . VF , SCR ( F), . VF , F , , F VF ( ). VF, , (forward break-over voltage). VF, SCR F, , . SCR , , . VF SCR .

    10

  • SCR , VF, F ( ). , SCR , F . F , SCR . F, SCR , (holding current) SCR . 4, , ( ).

    VRVVRR

    VRVVRR VRVVRR

    IRIIRR

    +++

    ---

    VFVVFF VFVVFF

    +++

    ---

    IFIIFF

    IRIIRR

    VFVVFF

    4 : V - I SCR

    SCR, 4, , , . (VR) SCR , (R) , . , VR ,

    11

  • SCR. , IR , VR , ( ). (VR), SCR, (reverse breakdown voltage) SCR. SCR, , , . , , , , SCR .

    V-I 4 VF IF, SCR . , SCR , . , 4 , .

    , SCR . , SCR, 5. , V-I , ( IG) SCR . "G=0" VF IF, , , 4. IG1 , , , . , "G=0", ( VF). IG2 , . , , .

    5 SCR . ,

    12

  • , , , . , .

    5 SCR. , , , SCR. , SCR, , . , , , .

    IFIIFF

    VFVVFF

    IG2IIG2G2 IG1IIG1G1IG0IIG0G0

    5 : SCR,

    , SCR , SCR , . ,

    13

  • , , SCR , . , , . SCR, , , , , . SCR, , , , .

    SCR, , DC AC , . . . SCR, 3, , DC (R2), SCR , , . , , , , SCR. , , SCR - . SCR, SCR.

    SCR 6. , . , SCR1 DC , R1 SCR2, (C) (R1), . SCR1, DC R1. , , (C) , R1. , , . SCR2, , SCR1. SCR1.

    14

  • , SCR1, , SCR1 R1. , , SCR1, , SCR2, .

    + V+ V+ V

    SCR1SCRSCR11

    R1RR11 R1RR11

    SCR2SCRSCR22

    CCC

    AAA --- +++

    GGGKKK

    ONONONOFFOFFOFF

    KKK

    6 : DC SCR

    SCR DC , , ( SCR), . , .

    SCR AC , . , AC , AC . AC 7. SCR

    15

  • , , . , S , SCR . R1 D1 , SCR, .

    S, SCR AC , R1. S , SCR , AC . , SCR, , AC . , SCR,

    . , , AC , SCR AC . ,

    , AC , . , AC , , , SCR . , . DC .

    R1RR11

    SCRSCRSCR AAA

    KKK

    GGG

    SSS

    D1DD11AC

    ACAC

    7 : AC SCR

    16

  • , 6 7, . , , SCR . , , . SCR , , . , SCR, . , , , .

    SCR , , , . , , 60 Hz AC. AC , SCR, 8. (half- ware phase control circuit). SCR AC , R1.

    R1RR11

    R1RR11

    AC

    ACAC

    D1DD11

    D2DD22AAA

    GGG

    KKK

    SCRSCRSCR

    ---

    +++

    CCC

    8 : SCR AC , 8,

    17

  • 120 volts, 60 Hz . 9-. , C D2 SCR , . , , D1 SCR.

    , SCR , , R1, , . , SCR R1 C. R1, , D2 , AC . , , , R1.

    R1 , C C ( SCR D1) , SCR. , R1 , SCR R1 , SCR AC . R1, 9-.

    18

  • +O-++OO--

    +O-++OO--

    +O-++OO--

    +O-+OO--+

    +O-++OO--

    9 : SCR

    R1 , C , , . , C , SCR. , SCR, . SCR

    19

  • , . R1, 9-.

    R1 , SCR, . 9- R1 R1 , SCR 9- R1 . R1 , SCR R1.

    9, , . , , 50% AC .

    , SCR, , AC , , , AC , ( ), SCR. , AC , SCR, , . SCR . AC , , , AC .

    20

  • (SCR), , , , . SCR , . , AC , SCR AC . , SCR AC , DC , SCR.

    AC , , . triac. triac , , , SCR, , . triac SCR , .

    , , triac .

    triac 10-. , 1, 2 . 1 2 , . , , 1. , 1 2, . , triac

    21

  • , . , SCR, , . SCR 8-10.

    triac . , , , SCR . SCR , .

    10- triac. , , . SCR , , , , triac .

    2 2 2

    1 1 1

    2 2 2

    1 1 1

    AAA BBB

    10 : triac

    SCR, , triac . triac , AC

    22

  • . triac, , SCR. , , , . SCR, , . , triac , .

    , , , triac 11. , , . , , , , , , 1 2, :

    2(2)

    2 2(( 22))

    1(1)

    1 1(( 11))

    (G)

    (G)(G)

    11 : triac

    V-I

    - (V-I) triac, 12.

    23

  • , ( + -) , ( +V -V). , triac 1 , .

    - V-- V V - VBO-- V VBOBO+ VBO+ V+ VBOBO

    IHIIHH

    IHIIHH

    -IT-I-ITT

    +IT++IITT

    MT2

    MTMT22

    + V+ V+ V

    MT2

    MTMT22

    12 : V-I triac

    12 (2) 1 ( +V), (+) , +V (+VBO) . , triac + , , . triac , + (), . , SCR , .

    24

  • MT2 1, triac V-I , (-) , -V (-V) . , triac , - .

    V-I 12, , triac SCR, . , , triac . SCR , triac ( ) , , . , . , SCR triac. SCR , triac . , triac ( ) , , 1, . , , , . , , .

    SCR, triac , ( ). , , , . , (+ -) . triac , +V +, . , , +V. . triac,

    25

  • , , ( ), . , (+V -V). , triac, . SCR, , , triac.

    triac , AC . AC AC , . , AC , 13.

    AC AC AC

    R1RR11

    R1RR11

    MT1MTMT11

    MT2MTMT22

    GGGSSS

    13 : AC ,

    R1 , S , . S , triac AC .

    26

  • triac, . , S , R1 triac, , . triac, , , SCR ( 7) . .

    triac, AC , , 14. (full-wave phase, control circuit) SCR , 8. triac AC , SCR 8, . , triac .

    C R1,

    , AC . , triac ,

    R1RR11

    ACACAC

    R1RR11

    CCC

    GGG

    MT2MTMT22

    MT1MTMT11

    14 :

    27

  • C . , 1 triac. , , . , , , . . , , , .

    , C , . , triac . , triac , . triac, , R1. R1 , triac AC R1. R1 , . , 9, R1, triac, ( ).

    , triac , . triac. , , , . R1 C,

    28

  • , , triac, , . ( ).

    triac , SCR. , triac SCR , . triac ( ), 25 amperes. , SCR ( ), 700 800 amperes SCR . , .

    triac . , SCR, . triac , , . , triac (50 400 Hz), SCR 30 Hz. , , AC , SCR , triac, .

    29

  • , triac, triac . triac, , diac.

    , , . , triac.

    diac , , . , , , , 15-. , , , , . . diac - , , . , , , .

    , diac , , . , , . , , , diac , . 15-.

    30

  • PP

    PP

    NN

    AA

    To diac ( ) , , , . , , , . diac, , , ( ) .

    , , diac, 15-. triac, .

    31

  • VI

    (V-I), diac, 16. , (+ & -) , (+V & -V).

    16 , diac, , , , . , diac, diac +VBO & -VBO, 16. +VBO & -VBO, , 28 36 Volts. +VBO & -VBO , diac , . , , diac , . , diac .

    -- V V-- V VBOBO

    + V+ VBOBO

    -I-I-I

    +I++II

    + V+ V

    16: V-I diac

    diac h , (+VBO -VBO) . +VBO -VBO , .

    32

  • diac, , triac, , ( . 17. , , 14. diac , , . , C1 . C1 +VBO -VBO, diac . diac, triac . , C1, , 1 triac, diac. , , C1, diac ( ) MT1, triac. , , diac & triac, , . ( C1) diac, , , triac.

    33

  • ACACAC

    R1RR11

    C1CC11

    R1RR11

    DIACDIACDIAC

    TRIACTRIACTRIAC

    MT2MTMT22

    MT1MTMT11GGG

    17: , diac triac.

    diac , triac, AC . , , . , , , . , , . , , , . diac - triac, , triac.

    diac triac, , . , diac, .

    34

  • diac .

    (UJT)

    , UJT. UJT , diac & triac, . UJT , , , . , UJT , , .

    , UJT . , , PUT. PUT , , UJT, .

    UJT . , PUT , UJT.

    , 18. SCR, 110 amperes , , SCR . SCR 4,5 amperes. , , triac 50 amperes.

    35

  • 18: (courtesy of Amperex Electronic Corp.)

    36

  • , (UJT) . , , (block) , , , 19-. - , , 1 2. . , , 1, 2 , .

    , . , 1 2, . UJT ( 1 2), 5 Kohms 9 Kohms.

    , , . , UJT , 19-. (RB1 & RB2) , . UJT , UJT 19-.

    UJT 19-. () , UJT . , .

    37

  • NNN

    22

    2 222

    11

    1 111

    ()

    ()()

    222

    111

    R2RR22

    R1RR11

    222

    111

    AAA

    19: UJT .

    38

  • UJT , . 20 UJT . (VBB) 1 2, 2 1. (VS) 1, 1. VS . , .

    VSVVSS

    RRR

    VEVVEE

    +++

    ---

    +++

    ---VBBVVBBBB

    RB2RRBB22

    RB1RRBB11 VB1VVBB11

    B1BB11

    B2BB22

    20: UJT.

    VS , , , (RB1 & RB2) 1 2. , , , Ohm, VBB, 1 2 (RB1 + RB2). VBB RB1 & RB2. RB1 ( VB1)

    39

  • (VBB) (intrisic standoff ratio) ().

    , :

    () = VB1/VBB

    RB1 RB2 , , , RB1 , 1 2 (RB1+ RB2). , :

    = RB1 / RB1 + RB2

    , , . , VBB VS. UJT , 0,5 0,8. , , , RB1 (VB1) (VBB). , , :

    VB1 = VBB

    , , RB1(VB1) VBB . , UJT 0,5 VBB 20 volts,

    40

  • RB1 10 volts.

    .

    UJT , VS , . , UJT , VS , . , VS , , 0,7 volts. , RB1 (VB2) , (VE). , VE 0,7 volts VB1, , ,

    VE , (peak voltage) Vp. Vp VBB, . , :

    (Vp) = VBB + VF

    , , V , , (VF). , , V UJT, VBB. , UJT () 0,6 VBB 10 volts, :

    V = 0,6 (10) + 0,7

    V = 6 + 0,7

    V = 6,7 volts

    , V 6,7 volts.

    41

  • V, , . , V, , . ( ) , , . , () 1, . , () 1, RB1 . , RB1. . , V. UJT .

    (VS) , , , . VS , , RB1. , RB1 VE, 1, . UJT, , , .

    VS , , , , VE , , . . , VE.

    , 1, UJT . RB1 , , RB2 , , ()

    42

  • . , RB2 , RB1. (RB1 + RB2) , UJT , VBB. ,, RB2 .

    1. UJT, . V , .

    43

  • V-I

    1 UJT, 21. , , UJT ( ) 1 ( VE). , , 20. VE , VS .

    VEVVEE

    -IE-I-IEE +IE++IIEEVVV

    VVV

    III III

    21: V-I 1 UJT

    21 VE , (-) . , , ( 20), RB1(VB1). VE VB1, VE (+), , . VE (Vp), UJT . , (peak current) , 21.

    44

  • Vp, V , + , , . , V . , V , (valley voltage) V. (valley current) . V, V , + UJT , , .

    UJT

    UJT , . , , , 22. , , (relaxation oscillator) UJT , .

    --

    SSS

    R2RR22R1RR11

    B2BB22

    B1BB11

    R3RR33 ER3EERR33+++CCC

    VBBVVBBBB+++

    ---

    VE

    E

    -

    22: UJT

    S , C

    45

  • R1, . C Vp UJT, UJT 1 . C R3 UJT( R3 ). C , , V UJT UJT . UJT, C Vp. UJT, , C , Vv . C , , Vp , , Vv. , 1 UJT, 23 - . , , Vv Vp.

    , , , R3. R3 (3) . C . , . R3, UJT ( 1 2), .

    , ( ), , R1. R1 , C . R1 , C Vp . , , , C . , .

    46

  • V VV

    V VV

    V EVV EE

    (t) (t) (t)

    (t) (t) (t)

    R 3 RR 33

    23: UJT , , 1.

    , UJT , , . , UJT , , , . , UJT ( ) , . , , . UJT , SCR, , 8. , C 8 UJT UJT , , SCR .

    47

  • UJT (PUT)

    UJT PUT . UJT ( ), , , , , UJT. , PUT - , , .

    , UJT PUT, (Vp) PUT . UJT, Vp . PUT , , , 1 UJT , , , . , V - I , 1 UJT. , . , Vp PUT , , , , .

    ( ) ( )( )

    ( ) ( )( )

    ( G )

    ( G )( G )

    24: PUT.

    PUT ,

    48

  • , 25. PUT , 23. ( ), R1, , R3 R4. R2. R2 . , PUT , ( ) , ( 0,7 volts). , Vp .

    +++

    ---

    +++

    ---

    R1RR11 R3RR33

    R4RR44R2RR22

    AAA

    KKK

    GGG

    ESEESS

    25: PUT .

    C, (5), R1. 22. C Vp, PUT C R2. C Vv PUT, . R2. 23. ,

    49

  • , R1 C. , R3 R4. PUT, Vp. R4 , R3 , Vp. Vp , , PUT . . R3 , R4 , .

    PUT 25, , R3 R4, Vp PUT. , R3 R4 PUT. (p) (v) R3 R4, (V5). , R3 R4 , Vp ( V5). , R3 R4, p v PUT, V5.

    , (R3 R4) p v . , , p v, R3 R4. R3 R4 (RG) PUT, :

    RGR RR R

    3 4

    3 4

    V5, p n , RG . , , p n,

    50

  • 51

    , , . , , , , , 25. , , PUT , PUT.

    , , , PUT , , SCR. , PUT , UJT , , SCR, . PUT, , ( 25), . , , , . , , Vp () .

    PUT , , UJT. PUT , , UJT . , UJT , UJT , .

    (SCR) V - I

    V-I

    VI (UJT)

    19: UJT .V-I UJT UJT (PUT)