Physics

15
ΦΥΣΙΚΟΙ ΝΟΜΟΙ ΠΟΥ ΜΑΣ ΠΕΡΙΒΑΛΛΟΥΝ (Numbers that define our universe) Compiled by: Dimos Derventlis

Transcript of Physics

PowerPoint Presentation

(Numbers that define our universe)

Compiled by: Dimos Derventlis

(Universal Gravitational Constant)

Isaac Newton - .

Isaac Newton the forces that hold the planets in orbit should be inversely proportional to the squares of the distances from the centers around which roam and thereby compared the force required to hold the Moon in its orbit with the force of gravity on Earth's surface. And found to agree to satisfactory approach

TAXYTHTA TOY

(Speed of Light)

. c, 299.792.458 m/s ( ) SI, 300.000 3108m/s.

The speed of light is the speed at which light propagates in a vacuum or in other media. The speed of light in vacuum usually denoted by c, is 299.792.458 m / s ( meters per second ) in units of SI, i.e. approximately 300,000 km per second or in scientific notation 3 108m / s.

(Ideal Gas Constant)

Robert Boyle

, .

"The volume of a gas is inversely proportional to this pressure , at constant temperature ."

AVOGADRO (Avogadros Number)

. ..

.everything in the universe is a compound ; A combination of different types of elements

6.02214129(27)1023mol1

(Absolute Zero)

Michael Faraday

, , 20 , . . , , -459 Fahrenheit. . , .

Pressurization enabled scientists to liquefy oxygen, hydrogen and, by the beginning of the 20th century, helium. That brought us to within a few degrees of absolute zero. But heat is also motion, and a technique of slowing down atoms by using lasers has enabled us to come within millionths of a degree of absolute zero, which we now know to be slightly more than 459 degrees Fahrenheit. Absolute zero falls in the same category as the speed of light. Material objects can get ever so close, but they can never reach it.

(Relative Strength of Electricity and Gravity)

, stand up.

. , .

If you walk across a carpet on a cold winter morning, you may have generated enough static electricity to cause small objects to adhere to your clothes or to make you hair stand up. This provides a vivid demonstration of how much stronger electricity is than gravity. The entire mass of the earth is exerting its best gravitational efforts to pull that object down, yet the small amount of static electricity you have generated defeats those efforts

BOLTZMAN

(Boltzmans Constant)

-, , , .

The Stefan - Boltzmann law , also known as Stefan 's law states that the total energy radiated by the surface of a unit of black or brown body and called spectral emission or emissivity or radiation spectrum is directly proportional to the fourth power of the absolute temperature .

8

PLANCK (Plancks Constant)

SCHWARZSCHILD (Schwarzschild Radius)

, . , . () , Schwarzschild . Schwarzschild .

As provided by the General Theory of Relativity , the presence of a large mass deforms spacetime in such a way that the paths taken by the particles turning to mass. At the event horizon of a black hole , the deformation becomes so strong that there are no paths that lead away from the black hole .For a non- rotating ( static ) black hole, the Schwarzschild radius delimits a spherical event horizon . The Schwarzschild radius of an object is proportional to its mass .

10

(Efficiency of Hydrogen Fusion)

"We are all star-stuff."

Carl Sagan

. , , . , , . , .

The universe is mostly hydrogen. To produce more complex elementsin particular, the ones that make life possiblethere has to be a way to get those other elements from hydrogen. The universe does it with stars, which really are just very large balls of hydrogen, assembled through gravitational attraction. The pressure of this gravitational attraction is so strong that nuclear reactions start to occur, and hydrogen is transmuted into helium through fusion

HUBBLE

(Hubble Constant)

.. : , ..

..There are really only two possibilities for the universe: Either it has always been here, or it had a beginning..

.. ..

.THE BIG BANG THEORY.

CHANDRASEKHAR (Chandrasekhar Limit)

, , , .

, , . , . , .

Life as we know it is based on the element carbon, but life also requires a large variety of other, heavier atoms.

There is only one process in the universe that produces these heavier elements, and that is a supernova, the explosion of a giant star. A supernova explosion produces all those heavier elements and scatters them throughout the universe, enabling planets to form and life to evolve. Supernovas are rare but spectacular.

(Omega)

, . . , , .

We know how the universe began, and how old it is. But we don't know how it all ends. However, there is a way to determine its fate, if only we can gather enough information to compute the value of a constant known as Omega

- pin - . , , , , .Some numbers - like an important phone or pin the card to your bank account - can be more important for you .But there are some other numbers , such as those included in the following list , which is " cosmic significance ", as they represent fundamental ideas that define our universe , making possible the existence of life and who " decide " ultimately the fate of the world surrounds us .

No 1 In e major La Primavera - Allegro

Moscow Chamber Orchestra & E. Smirnov

Vivaldi - The Four Seasons, track 3

251064.0

T Boltzmann ( kB k ) , Ludwig Boltzmann , . R Avogadro NA :

he Boltzmann constant (kB or k), named after Ludwig Boltzmann, is a physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant NA:

Planck ( h, Planck ) . 1900, , (E) , () . , , Planck :

The Planck constant (denoted h, also called Planck's constant) is a physical constant that is the quantum of action in quantum mechanics. Published in 1900, it originally described the proportionality constant between the energy (E) of a charged atomic oscillator in the wall of a black body, and the frequency () of its associated electromagnetic wave. Its relevance is now integral to the field of quantum mechanics, describing the relationship between energy and frequency, commonly known as the Planck relation