PHENIX Detector Upgrades

PHENIX Detector Upgrades M. Grosse Perdekamp University of Illinois

RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting, LBL, November 20th 2009

o Overview

o VTX, FVTX, Muon-Trigger, FOCAL

Scope & Acceptance

Technology

Status and Schedule

Physics

o Summary

OverviewOverview 2002 ERT e,γ level-1 trigger2003 Local Pol Polarization2004 Aerogel PID, hadron spectra2006 TOF-West PID, hadron spectra 2007 HBD PID, low mass di-leptons RXP Reaction Plane

MPC d-A, AN, ALLdi-hadron

09/10 μ-Trigger W-physics2010 VTX c-, b-tagging, central tracking2011 FVTX c-, b-tagging2012+ FOCAL γ, jets, ALL, AN,AT

DAQ Track data volume + luminosity Central Tracking DC + PC replacement, accep. Central Arm Trigger Track luminosity

∫Ldt ≈ 10 pb-1 by 2009 transverse ∫Ldt ≈ 40 pb-1 by 2009 longitudinal

∫Ldt ≈ 50 pb-1 from 2011 √s=200 GeV∫Ldt ≈ 300 pb-1 from 2011 √s=500 GeV

Upgrades will be available for most of RHIC spin luminosity!

PHENIX Detector Upgrades November 20th

Com

plet

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tive

Co

nstr

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Physics with the PHENIX Detector Upgrades 3 June 20th

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 rapidity

FOCALFOCAL

MPCMPC

VTX

& F

VTX

cove

rage

2

EMC

AL

EMC

AL

(i) 0 and direct with additional electromagnetic calorimeters(ii) Heavy flavor tagging with silicon detectors (iii) Tracking with central vertex detector (iv) High pT muon trigger

Acceptance + Experimental Capabilities with MPC, VTX, FVTX and μ-Trigger

Upgrades

μ- a

rm+

trig

ger

μ- a

rm+

trig

ger

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PHENIX: Versatile Trigger + Large Bandwidth

Large bandwidth and trigger capabilities are critical to fully benefit from measurements in multiple channels for example for the best possible constraint on ∫ΔG(x) dx!

Independent experimental and theoretical uncertainties. Best statistical precision for results on spin dependent nucleon distribution functions. Final results will come from inclusive NLO pQCD analysis of the asymmetries from all experimental channels. Evaluation of impact of multiple observables on the knowledge

of e.g. ∫ΔG(x)dx is not available and would be very difficult to obtain. PHENIX Detector Upgrades November 20th

inclusive hadrons, di-hadrons

inclusive photons jet + photon open heavy flavor

Critical: large PHENIX DAQ bandwidth~ 8kHz for highest possible rates in multiple channels (including at low pT!). Can DAQ digest data volume fromupgrades & luminosity increases?

5

¨

ALL(c,b) Projections with VTX

Multiple Channels vs DAQ Bandwidth Example: Electron Trigger

~1500 Hz

Electron Trigger

systematic limit

L=6x1031cm-2s-1

electron rate for a threshold at 0.9 GeV is ~ 1.5kHz

needed ∫Ldt=320pb-1

before systematics limited at low pT ….

Can we continue data taking with low threshold?

Central arm trigger upgrade ?


6

¨

Mutiple Channels vs DAQ Bandwidth Example: Photon Trigger

~ 1500 Hz

Photon Trigger at 2.1 GeV

L=6x1031cm-2s-1

Photon trigger rate for a threshold at 2.1 GeV is ~ 1.5kHz At smallest pT ALL soon will be systematics limited: ΔstatA ~ 1x10-3, Δsys A < 5x10-4

Continue data taking with low threshold!Would benefit from central arm trigger upgrade!Improve error on rel. luminosity: spin flippers!


December 8th

The North & South Muon Piston CalorimetersSpin Physics

Longitudinal/transverse spin in polarized p-p

ALL, AN for inclusive π0 and rapidity separated pion pairs (and clusters)Technology & Scope PbWO4 avalanche photo diode readout 3.1 < η < 3.8, 0 < φ < 2π

One MPC embedded in a hole left in the muon magnet

piston yoke in each muon spectrometers.

Both sides fully operational from run 2008. First results

from run 6 (AN south) and run 8.


December 8th

Muon Trigger Upgrade

Physics Quark and Anti-quark helicity

distributions through W-production in polarized p-p Technology (1) Bakelite trigger RPCs from the CMS forward muon trigger (NSF) (2) Custom trigger frontend electronics

for the existing muon tracking chambers

(JSPS) (3) Custom LL1 trigger processors

(NSF)

Momentum sensitive muon trigger. Timing to reject beam backgrounds, cosmic ray muons and to match polarization information.

RPC1 RPC3

muIDnorth

muTr north

muTrig1-3

PHENIX Muon Spectrometer


December 8th

Muon Trigger Upgrade

Status: (1) muTrig electronics 1-3 for both muon spectrometers are fully

installed. (2) RPC-3 north fully installed. (3) Trigger processor boards have been manufactured. (4) muTrig south and two full size RPC

proto- types tested sucessfully during run 9

Schedule: (1) Full muTrig system tests with LL1

during run 10. (2) Partial tests of RPC-3 north. (3) RPC-3 + absorber installation in

summer 2010 (4) Ready for W-physics in run 2011 (5) RPC-1 will be complete by the

summer of 2010 but will be installed with a thinner

absorber once the FVTX has been installed.

RPC1RPC3

muIDnorth

muTr north

muTrig1-3

PHENIX Muon Spectrometer


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New MuTRIG-FEE in North Arm

Before Installation

With trigger cards installed.


MuTRG Run09 Performance

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trigger efficiency vs track momentumMuID trigger

threshold

plateau efficiency ~ 0.9

•MuID Algorithm•Track Matching w/ MuID•Timing cut w/ RPC•Track Matching w/ RPC•Background Shields•etc ..


LL1 Trigger Readiness

• Communication test • LL1 Board Production will be complete before run 10 • ADTX - MRG - LL1 - GL1 chain

test in run 10 leading to regular operation.

LL1 Board

MuTRG-MRG Boards PHENIX Detector Upgrades November 20th

PHENIX RPC Trigger

RPC3station

RPC3station

RPC1station

RPC3

Characteristics of RPCsFast response

Suitable for a trigger deviceGood intrinsic time resolution: 1-2 nsGood spatial resolution: typically ~ cm

Determined by the read-out strip width and cluster sizeLow costTypical gas mixture

95% C2H2F4 + 4.5% i-C4H10 + 0.5% SF6

half octant

RPC modules


PHENIX RPC-3 Half Octant Structure

NPL: skins, cross-bars, brackets

NPL: RPC-3 half octant storage

Parts arriving at NPL

NPL: RPC-3 Pre-Assembly

NPL: Half octants to BNL

RPC-factory at BNL: Half Octant Storage


RPC-3 North Assembly in the PHENIX RPC

Factory at Brookhaven National Laboratory

First fully assembled RPChalf octants.

Tent for half octant burn in

RPC-factory: Half octant transfer

Half octant testing


RPC Detector Module QA with Cosmic Rays

Use stack of 5 detector modules to determine efficiencies for different HVs and thresholds.


RPC Noise Tests in RPC Factory

← No. of strips vs. noise rate for each type of module. BLACK for A module, BLUE for B module, RED for C module.

Average noise rate with B modules is lower than other.

Distribution of strips with different levels of noise.

5 strips are over 10 Hz/cm2

Threshold is 160mV.

No.

of S

trip

s

Noise rate


RPC-3 North Installation Installation fromthe RHIC tunnel.


Simulation of Asymmetries Using Careful

Evaluation of Backgrounds

more inRalf Seidl’stalk


VTX Upgrade : Slides from Yasuyuki Akiba shown at Annual Review in June,

2nd 2009

planez planeVTX will be ready for

installation in FY10Q4.

Strip

Stripixel detector for L3 and L4 80m×1000m pixel pitch R3=10cm and R4=14cmLarge acceptance ||<1.2, almost 2 in plane Stand-alone tracking capability

Fine granularity, low occupancy 50m×425m pixels for L1 and L2 R1=2.5cm and R2=5cm

Pixel


Spin Physics Goals of VTX

• Measurement of gluon polarization G(x) in polarized p+p collisions at RHIC– Measurement of double spin asymmetry ALL of heavy flavor

production (charm and beauty, separately)– Measurement of ALL of direct photon + jet

Heavy Flavor tagging and b/c separation requires a good DCA resolution (DCA~100 m).

Measurement of recoil jets requires a large solid angle coverageFor charm / hadron separation requires enhanced goal of 50 m DCA


Full ladder

~4mm

Pixel bus

Pixel sensor modules

Pixel stave (with cooling)

Pixel detector = inner 2 layers of VTX1st layer: 10 full pixel ladders = 20 half ladders = 40 sensor modules2nd layer: 20 full pixel ladders = 40 half ladders = 80 sensor modules

Pixel DetectorPixel Detector

SPRIO

57mm (32 x 4 pixel)13mm256 pixel

Sensor module

50m x 425m


Strip detectorStrip detector

silicon module SVX4

5 (L3) or 6 (L4) silicon modulesRead-out by 1 LDTB

128 ch/chip8 bit ADC

Strip Ladder

1 sensor + ROC + 12 SVX4Read-out by RCC board

80m x 30mm “stripixel”80m x 1mm pixel size

(384 X + 384U strips) x 2

Stripixel sensor1 side, 2 direction read-out


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FVTX Upgrade, Slides from Melynda BrooksPresented at the Annual FVTX Review 11-2009Four tracking stations with full azimuthal coverage

•75 m pitch strips in radial direction, 3.75° staggered phi strips

•Radiation length < 2.4%/wedge to minimize multiple scattering

Schedule: Ready for installation in the 3rd quarter of 2011

BackplaneHDI

SensorFPHX Chips

Half Disk

Cage


FOCAL: Tungsten Silicon Sampling Calorimeter

• W structure (bricks of skins and W plates)• Carrier boards (electrically glued to W plates)• Si micromodules (strip- and pad- structured)

Assembly unit: Brick

EM0(7SL)+strips

EM1/EM2(14SL)

2 x 5 sensors

2 x 7 sensors

Schedule: Start of funding + 2.5 years (proposal in preparation)Physics: Large acceptance EMC for neutral pions + photons and jets ALL, Collins in jets, AN in jet+photon (Sivers process dependence)


Physics Programs Accessible With FVTX

Single Muons:• Precision heavy flavor measurements at forward rapidity• Separation of charm and beauty • W background rejection improved

Dimuons:• First direct bottom measurement via BJ/• Separation of J/ from ’ with improved resolution and S:B • First Drell-Yan measurements from RHIC• Direct measurement of c-cbar events via +- becomes possible

Physics: • Precise measurements gluon polarization in heavy flavor

production and sea quark measurements through W-production. Essential for background rejection in Drell Yan measurements

of Sivers asymmetries.


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Summary IThe muon trigger, VTX, FVTX are making good progress and will be availablefor the majority of the luminosity for polarized protons at RHIC. A FOCAL proposal is currently being prepared. However, the schedule is not yet well defined.

The resulting key detection capabilities are

heavy flavor tagging. high pT muon triggering. extended acceptance for tracking at mid-rapidity. large acceptance calorimetry.

The experimental goals are

(1) for the measurement of the gluon spin contribution ∫ΔG(x)dx

larger x-range heavy flavor, hadron pairs, photon jet are new channels with independent experimental and theoretical uncertainties


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Summary II (2) for the measurements of the helicity quark and anti-quark distributions

introduce trigger capabilities for high pT muons in the muon arms.

(3) Transverse spin:

Collins-type fragmentation and Gluon Sivers in multiple channels. Possibly test fundamental prediciton on non-universality of the Sivers function in jet-photon production or in Drell Yan (the latter is very luminosity hungry).

A careful evaluation of the sensitivities in various channels and the overallsensitivity of a global pQCD analysis of multiple observables has not been carried out. While the results of such a study would be very valuable forfunding and planning purposes, it may be not practical to carry this out.


PHENIX Detector Upgrades

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