Petros KAVASSALIS Chios, 06.11.2008

11

Information Systems DesignInformation Systems Design[Σχεδιασμός Πληροφοριακών Συστημάτων][Σχεδιασμός Πληροφοριακών Συστημάτων]

Unit 4: Business Process Models (2)Unit 4: Business Process Models (2)

Univ. of the Aegean Univ. of the Aegean Financial and Management Engineering DptFinancial and Management Engineering Dpt

Petros KAVASSALISPetros KAVASSALIS

Chios, 06.11.2008Chios, 06.11.2008

Petros KAVASSALIS <[email protected]>Petros KAVASSALIS <[email protected]> 22

What you will learn in this courseWhat you will learn in this course

A set of fundamental concepts for understanding the process A set of fundamental concepts for understanding the process of of Information Systems Design in a Business ContextInformation Systems Design in a Business Context Principles for Information Systems designPrinciples for Information Systems design Business operations and processes Business operations and processes Business Process Management (BPM)Business Process Management (BPM)

Familiarization with Business Process Management practices Familiarization with Business Process Management practices :: BPMNBPMN XMLXML

A full Case of BPM designA full Case of BPM design Business logicBusiness logic Augmented with technical detailsAugmented with technical details


Communication toolsCommunication tools

e-mail: petros at cfp.mit.edue-mail: petros at cfp.mit.edu e-mail to use to submit assignments: petros.students at e-mail to use to submit assignments: petros.students at

gmail.com gmail.com Course web site: http://infosysdesign2008.blogspot.comCourse web site: http://infosysdesign2008.blogspot.com

* Last year reference: http://infosysdesign2007.blogspot.com* Last year reference: http://infosysdesign2007.blogspot.com


Students evaluationStudents evaluation

Class Participation (Class Participation (2020%)%)

++ Assignments (20%)Assignments (20%)

++ Final Exam (Final Exam (6060%)%)

* Questions regarding last year course quality: ask gdikas (gdikas [AT] * Questions regarding last year course quality: ask gdikas (gdikas [AT] gmail.com )gmail.com )

My expectations My expectations [I copy a colleague I respect a [I copy a colleague I respect a lot…]lot…]

Information Systems Design under a BPM view is practical Information Systems Design under a BPM view is practical (with “hands-on” examples) but also intellectually challenging(with “hands-on” examples) but also intellectually challenging

I'm not a formal person and will be as accessible as I can to I'm not a formal person and will be as accessible as I can to all of you – my official office hours are proposed as Thursday all of you – my official office hours are proposed as Thursday 11-1311-13

But my informality doesn't mean I'm casual about what goes But my informality doesn't mean I'm casual about what goes on in my class…on in my class…

I want from my students to avoid missing lectures and I want from my students to avoid missing lectures and actively participate in the practical work (if yes: there is actively participate in the practical work (if yes: there is compensation)compensation)


A business process view…A business process view…

Implies an horizontal view of organizationImplies an horizontal view of organization Looks at processes as sets of independent activities Looks at processes as sets of independent activities

designed and structured to produce a specific output for a designed and structured to produce a specific output for a customer or a market customer or a market

Uses the term Uses the term activityactivity To refer to a small scale process that consists of one or few closely To refer to a small scale process that consists of one or few closely

related stepsrelated steps A process defines A process defines

The results to be achieved (start-end)The results to be achieved (start-end) The context of the activitiesThe context of the activities The relationships between activitiesThe relationships between activities The interaction with other process and resourcesThe interaction with other process and resources


A business process model…A business process model…

Consists ofConsists of A set of activity models and execution constraints between themA set of activity models and execution constraints between them

Is usedIs used To configure the Business Process Management System accordinglyTo configure the Business Process Management System accordingly Think about that!Think about that!

RepresentsRepresents Activities and RelationshipsActivities and Relationships

Graphical representations of business processes focus on Graphical representations of business processes focus on the process structure and the interactions of participating the process structure and the interactions of participating parties (rather than on technical / software aspects)parties (rather than on technical / software aspects) Examples followExamples follow


Business process model example: a Business process model example: a reseller’s processreseller’s process


Business process model example: a Business process model example: a buyer’s processbuyer’s process


Interacting business processes (case 1)Interacting business processes (case 1)


Interacting business processes (case 2)Interacting business processes (case 2)



Business Process Management Notation Business Process Management Notation (BPMN)(BPMN)

Graphical notations are being used to expressing orderings Graphical notations are being used to expressing orderings between activities of a business processbetween activities of a business process

There are several graphical notation languages for business There are several graphical notation languages for business process modeling, with the more simplified variant being the process modeling, with the more simplified variant being the Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)


BPMN Diagrams from scratchBPMN Diagrams from scratch

Events (i.e. the occurrence of states in the real world0 are Events (i.e. the occurrence of states in the real world0 are represented by circlesrepresented by circles

Activities are represented by rounded rectanglesActivities are represented by rounded rectangles Execution ordering of activities is expressed by directed Execution ordering of activities is expressed by directed

arrowsarrows Branching and joining of nodes (i.e. the split behavior of the Branching and joining of nodes (i.e. the split behavior of the

flow of control between activities) is represented by flow of control between activities) is represented by diamonds (called “gateways”) that can be marked bydiamonds (called “gateways”) that can be marked by A “+”: Parallel Fork ? Join (AND)A “+”: Parallel Fork ? Join (AND) A “x”: Exclusive Decision / Merge (XOR)A “x”: Exclusive Decision / Merge (XOR)


EventsEvents


ActivitiesActivities


FlowsFlows


GatewaysGateways


Pools, Lanes (sub-partitions within a Pools, Lanes (sub-partitions within a Pool) and Executable PoolsPool) and Executable Pools

Models of human-enabled process are not “executables”Models of human-enabled process are not “executables”


Special: Sequence flow and Gateways Special: Sequence flow and Gateways (1)(1)

Sequence flow: control flow. It is represented bySequence flow: control flow. It is represented by Solid Arrows betweenSolid Arrows between Activities, Events and GatewaysActivities, Events and Gateways

Normal flow: representsNormal flow: represents Expected and Desired behavior of the processExpected and Desired behavior of the process

Starts and Ends with Starts and Ends with An Event (start and end even)An Event (start and end even)

ContinuesContinues Via a a set of flow objects (activities, gateways etc.)Via a a set of flow objects (activities, gateways etc.)

Gateways actGateways act As either a join nodeAs either a join node Or a split nodeOr a split node



Joint nodes:Joint nodes: 2 incoming arcs (at least):2 incoming arcs (at least): 1 outgoing edge1 outgoing edge

Split nodes Split nodes One incoming arcOne incoming arc 2 outgoing edges (at least)2 outgoing edges (at least)

Remind: Remind: Each Gateway acts as a join node or as a split nodeEach Gateway acts as a join node or as a split node



““Exclusive or” splitsExclusive or” splits ““Data-based exclusive or split” Data-based exclusive or split”

(x)(x)o There is gate with an associated There is gate with an associated

condition (gate condition / data condition (gate condition / data based)based)

o Once a gate condition evaluated Once a gate condition evaluated the true, the corresponding the true, the corresponding branch is taken, and the other branch is taken, and the other conditions are disregarded conditions are disregarded

““Inclusive or” splitsInclusive or” splits

o There is gate with an associated There is gate with an associated condition (gate condition / data condition (gate condition / data based) based)

o An arbitrary number of outgoing An arbitrary number of outgoing branches is selected (not only 1)branches is selected (not only 1)



A complex gateway allows the definition of a combined split and join A complex gateway allows the definition of a combined split and join behaviorbehavior ““And split/join”And split/join”

o The process starts with getting an orderThe process starts with getting an ordero Then, a “parallel” gateway triggers the execution of number n activities (2 and Then, a “parallel” gateway triggers the execution of number n activities (2 and

more)more)o These activities are completed simultaneouslyThese activities are completed simultaneouslyo When they are completed, the “and join” synchronized the parallel flows, and the When they are completed, the “and join” synchronized the parallel flows, and the

process terminatesprocess terminates

More?More?

BMPN by Bruce Silver AssociatesBMPN by Bruce Silver Associates Part 3: Part 3:

https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/go/portal/prtroot/docs/library/https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/go/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/70c51475-3b7b-2a10-248c-f4cc7b4dc52cuuid/70c51475-3b7b-2a10-248c-f4cc7b4dc52c

Part 2: Part 2: https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/go/portal/prtroot/docs/library/https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/go/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/309737c3-3e75-2a10-7097-833d068f2858uuid/309737c3-3e75-2a10-7097-833d068f2858

Part 1: Part 1: https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/go/portal/prtroot/docs/library/https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/go/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/10852310-ac6a-2a10-02be-d83f4d2dd647uuid/10852310-ac6a-2a10-02be-d83f4d2dd647


BPM Case: Re-engineering grading BPM Case: Re-engineering grading permits (San Jose, California)permits (San Jose, California)

[See San Jose_case (.pdf)][See San Jose_case (.pdf)] Process time: From 21 working days to 5 days!Process time: From 21 working days to 5 days! Transform the process of grading permit to a three-fold Transform the process of grading permit to a three-fold

process modelprocess model Exempt Exempt ExpressExpress RegularRegular

First stage: “As is”First stage: “As is” Second stage: “To be”Second stage: “To be”


The essential of a BPR operation: 8 The essential of a BPR operation: 8 steps methodologysteps methodology

Flow chart the “as-is” processFlow chart the “as-is” process Interview customersInterview customers Interview staffInterview staff Share customer and staff interview with core and technical Share customer and staff interview with core and technical

teamsteams Make a first-cut at redesign (‘to be”)Make a first-cut at redesign (‘to be”) Share the redesign results with customers and an advisory Share the redesign results with customers and an advisory

groupgroup Revise the redesignRevise the redesign Implement the new processImplement the new process


New versus old processNew versus old process

[See Jan Jose .adl process flow diagrams (adonis CE files)][See Jan Jose .adl process flow diagrams (adonis CE files)] The process diagrams will be re-designed within the classThe process diagrams will be re-designed within the class

New process’ basic conceptNew process’ basic concepto Triage [exempt, regular, express] processTriage [exempt, regular, express] processo Project ManagerProject Manager


Innovations (in detail)Innovations (in detail)

Different process for [exempt, regular, express] processDifferent process for [exempt, regular, express] process New permit reviews are handled by one (1) from five (5) New permit reviews are handled by one (1) from five (5)

projects managers (more managers will be trained over time)projects managers (more managers will be trained over time) Permit issue managers determine whether a project is Permit issue managers determine whether a project is

needed and can issue on-the-spot exemptionsneeded and can issue on-the-spot exemptions They also decide which applications are express and which They also decide which applications are express and which

regularregular Only project managers handle express applicationsOnly project managers handle express applications For regular process applications, the project manager For regular process applications, the project manager

User-friendly forms have been necessary to reduce errors User-friendly forms have been necessary to reduce errors and decrease staff time and customer waiting timeand decrease staff time and customer waiting time


Re-design principlesRe-design principles

PreparationPreparation People involved in a process should be actively involved in analyzing, designing and People involved in a process should be actively involved in analyzing, designing and

implementing improvementsimplementing improvements

Analysis-designAnalysis-design Quick “initial review” obligation (by a generalist engineer)Quick “initial review” obligation (by a generalist engineer) 100% quality at the beginning of the process to get complete applications (only 100% quality at the beginning of the process to get complete applications (only

complete applications were allowed to move past the review)complete applications were allowed to move past the review) If inputs coming into the process naturally cluster, design a specific process for each If inputs coming into the process naturally cluster, design a specific process for each

cluster cluster For clusters where each application is unique, create team and co-locate it, if possibleFor clusters where each application is unique, create team and co-locate it, if possible A single point of contact with the customer: the project manager (with sign-off authority)A single point of contact with the customer: the project manager (with sign-off authority)

ImplementationImplementation Cross-training to make multi-skills employeesCross-training to make multi-skills employees


Petros KAVASSALIS Chios, 06.11.2008

Documents

Transcript of Petros KAVASSALIS Chios, 06.11.2008