PAUL K. FAYERABEND - ΓΝΩΣΗ ΓΙΑ ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΟΥΣ ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΥΣ

7/22/2019 PAUL K. FAYERABEND -

1/266


2/266

-


3/266

: . /. .

3. .. Feyerabend, .>:> avOpi'mouc

:

: Erk enntn is f r freie Menschen

:

: 25, . 531.517

: 12, . 36.28.501


4/266

Paul K. Feyerabend

:

1986


5/266


6/266

........................................................ 7

A ' (1979) ......................... 9

' (1980) ................ 12

' (1980) ........................... 12

....................................................................................... 26

1.

..................................................................................................27

2. , ................................................... ..37

3. ...........................................................................................55

4. ...................................................................................

635. ................................................73

6. -A nything goes ( - ' ) ...................................... .........89

7. , ..........92

1. ......................................................................................... ..2. . .................. ..110

3. .............................................................. ..119

4.

................................................................... 141

5.

............................................................................................................... 152

6. ........................................ 161

7. 169

8.

............................. 173

9.

............................................................................................................... 178

10. ........... 185


7/266

(:) -

..........................................................................................................215

........................................ ..247

..............................................................................263

/. ..............................................................................264

I I. rwr ............................. ..190


8/266

Paul . Feyerabend 1924 . , , , . 1958 Berkeley (...), 1980 .

1978 New Left Books Science in a Free Society. 1979 Suhrkamp Verlag Erkenntnis Fr freie

Menschen. . ' . , .Feyerabend : .

1980

. :Erkenntnis fr freie Menschen. Vernderte Ausgabe. ( ) . , .

. , Verso 1975 Against Method. Outline o f an anarchistictheory o f knowledge 1983 .


9/266

.. f e y e rab end

- . . , Hermann Vetter. SuhrkampVerlag 1976 Wider den Methodenzwang. Skizze eineranarchistischen Erkenntnistheorie. ,

, . , .

:WdM = Paul . Feyerabend, Wider den Methodenzwang.SuhrkampVerlag, Frankfurt 1976.

= Paul K. Feyerabend, , , 1983.


10/266

A ' (1979)

1979 Science in aFree Society ( NLB). : Reason andPractice Science in a Free Society Conversations with Illiterates.

- ' , . , . ( 100

) ( . 7 ). .

, ( ) .

, . (.. ) (.. ) , : . , ,

, , . , ( ).


11/266

10 P.K. FEYERABEND

, . (). ( ), , .

, :

, , . , ( ) , ( ), .

- ( , ). .

: . : ( )

. . . . :


12/266

, , . , , .


13/266

' (1980)

, (. 3 ) .

1-3 Probleme des Empirismus, Braunschweig 1980, . Mill Hegel . 14 .

(1980)

(: ) , . , , , ,

. .

. ,


14/266

13

. , , , . , .., ( .),

. , . * - ,

() , . ( ) .

. Polanyi, . ., , . ,

, , . , :science knows best [= ].( Kuhn Holton , ). ,

;

Lakatos, , , , ,


15/266

P.K. FllYKRABliND

. , . , . , , , . Lakatos ,

. Lakatos , . , . Lakatos , . ,

, , . Lakatos , , . . ,

. : , ( ' Lakatos , , , ). Lakatos , , ,

, , .

Lakatos . ,


16/266

15

.

, , .( . 16 ).: . , . Lakatos

; Lakatos . : ' . Lakatos - , Polanyi, , .

Polanyi ( 1). Lakatos, Polanyi. , . Lakatos , , 1" Lakatos ,

: Lakatos , , .

: , , ;

I. Lakatos, Philosophical Papers, . 2, Cambridge1978, . 114-5. Lakatos - .

. [ , .]


17/266

16 P.K. FEYERABEND

|

. ; , , , : , - , - , ,

- , , , , , . , ,

. , . , , , , .

, . , . , .

I. [Mabstbe und Kriterien. Mabslab (:Standard) , . , . : , .)


18/266

17

, |. , .

, . ( , , , , -, ) : . ( , ). ; ; , - - , , . , , ,

, . , .

, . (

)

, , . , . , , , ,, ,

. : , .

, -

. I: .)


19/266

P.K. FEYERABEND

, ,

. , , , , . , , ,

2. , , ,

; .. , ( ) Nei Ching ;

, ( 9 ). , .

,

, , ,

2. ; ! . .


20/266

19

.

* 5.

, . : : .

1930 , ;

, , , - , , , .

. , , [ , ] - . , ,

, , 4.

3. , , , . , ' . '

.

4. , -- , -. . Christiane van Briesen, Bcrgisch Gladbach 1971.


21/266

20 P.K. FEYERABEND

, , - . ( , , ). . .

. . , , , , . (.. ,

), . , , ( , .).

, , , , . , , . ! , . ,

, , . , , ,


22/266

21

5. (.. , ) . : . , , , ,

. , , , . , ,

. , . , , : .

. , ( ) . .

'

5. Nei Ching.

. . . . : , -

. :


23/266

22 P.K. FEYERABEND

, . : , , . , , , .

(.. Azande) . Montaigne - . , (

Curie!) . , .

' . , , -,

, . , , , .

, , * . ' .. 19


24/266

23

, , . , , . ,

. : , , .

,

. . - , , , , . , . .. ,

--, , : Logan Clendening, 6. ,

, .

6. Cancer, its Origin. Nature & Treatment. Berkeley and Los Angeles 1978, IS I. o Victor Richards.


25/266

24 P.K. FEYERABEND

, , ; , 7 , ( .. Szent-Girgi 51 ), ;

. , . . . , , ( ,

, ), . , , , ,

.

.

; ; ; -

.

: ; : ; ,

7. Daniel Greenberg, The War on Cancer: Official Fiction and HealthFacts'. Science and Government Reports Vol. 4 (Dec. I, 1974).


26/266

25

; .. ; , , . , ,.. ,

,

, '

( , , ). , , , , , . , : !

, .


27/266

,

. (

.) ....................................................... 39 (

.) ....................................................... 40

, , .................. 41 . (, .) .......... 45 (, .) .......... 45

................................................................... 55

................................................................... 55

................................................................... 57 , ................ 59 (, .) ..66 (,

.) ................................................ 66


28/266

1.

, , , , , ,

: .

1,

I. , (607 . ),

(377 )' - (530 , C). . , ( , . -. WdM. . 367. . 123 [-.. 330, . 124).


29/266

2 .. FEYERABEND

2,

1, , . .

.

, . . , (: ).

4 ,

2. ' . ' .

3 : Harris L. Coulter, Divided legacy.Washington 1973. , New York

Journal o f Medicine 9 (1847), . 228, ... ( . . 9 10). ' , Wieden , Josef Dietl. 1845. ,

, ;3.

. , , .

4. : Wider den Meihodenzwang, Suhrkamp 1976 [-: WdM, ].


30/266

29

. ) defacto*, ) -, .

. ' ..

, . .. 16 17 , . ' .

' .

'( , . ) , . , , .. (WdM,. 211)[= , . 195] , ,

. , Helmholtz , . , .

,

, ,

S. . WdM. . 231 [-. . 20H],


31/266

P.K. FEYERABEND

: . Einstein Brown. , . . ad hoc , ,

, , . , , , . ,

( WdM,. 343-357 2 9)[=,. 308-321, 2 9]. (WdM, . 368-371) [= , . 331-333] , .

. . , , , , ' ,

, .

.

: , .


32/266

31

6. . , , de facto . , , .

: - ,

. , : , adhoc .

:

, , . . , , .

, Bayes,

6.' .. John Worral (Erkenntnis. 1977) Einslein . :

, , . ' 7 , de facto . ' , .


33/266

.12 P.K. FEYERABEND

,

. 7. . , .

; . Lakatos , , . Lakatos (

). . 16 On the Critique ofScientific Reason1* - . Lakatos. , .

Lakatos .

, , * ,

. .. Einstein , Brown.

7. WdM. . 346 ., 353 . [-'. . 311 ., 317 .]. - In Defence of Anstelle. Radnilzky -Anderson (eds) Progress and Rationality, in: Science. Dordrechl 1979.

8. C. Howsch (eds) Method and Appraisal in the PhysicalSciences. Cambridge 1976.


34/266

1.1

,

, (, . 9, 10, 11). : ( ) , , . .. , . ( reductionibus ad absurdum [= ]), .

- , . ,

. , . . ,

. . ,

, ,

. , ( :


35/266

P.K. FEYERABEND

). ; ; - ( von Neumann) ;' ; ;

; , ; , ; , , ; ;

, , . . .

,

(, , ) . , . , , : .

. , , .


36/266

;

() . . , : , .

, . , , . ( ) - . , ,

, . ( ), .

- ,

. : . , , , , , , , .

, ; , , , , , ,


37/266

.16 P.K. FEYERABEND

, , ;

. . , , , ,

, . , , , , . , ;

, . ' , , : , .

, , . , , ( . 41) , .

, , , ( ). . , .


38/266

37

, , , . , : ( ). ( )

. , . : . , .

, . . ^ .

2 .

.

:

.. , , .


39/266

38 P.K. FEYERABEND

, , , , , , , . , , ,

. . , , ,

. '

, .' , - , , , .

- -, , ,

. , .

. , . - - , .


40/266

39

. , . ( ). . Giotto ,

. Brunelleschi , 9. 1". , ' ,

". , , - .

: .

'. . , ( )'

9. R. Kraulheimer Trude Krautheimer- Hess,Lorenzo Ghiberti. Princeton 1956, . 16.

10. O S.Y. Edgerton jun.. The Renaissance Rediscovery n/ Unear Perspective.New York 1975. . 8, Geographia Brunelleschi .

11. Leonardo Olschki. Geschichte der Neusprachlishen WissenschaftlichenUteratur.Band I. Neudruck. Vaduz 1965, : Paolo Rossi,Philosophy. Techo-logy and the Arts in the Early Modem Aera. New York 1970.


41/266

40 P.K. FEYERABEND

. . - : , , .

, . - , .

, . , -, . ,

, .

. ( ), ( ).

, , .

.. : Wittenberg

1540-1560, , , , , .


42/266

41

, , : * , - . ; , ;

( )

. , . * , .

. , , .

. :

, . , 1. : 16 - , , -

12. . - - , . , I, 24.


43/266

42 P.K. FEYERABEND

. ' , , , . .

, . , . , ( ).

, - .( , ..

, , . . ,

.)

, .' ,

. , -. , , , , , , , , ,


44/266


45/266

P.K. FEYFRABEND

, , 1. , : - , . ( )

( ). . , , . , , , , -,

. , , , , . ' WdM, . 366 ( 2 9 WdM,. 343 .) [=,. 329 ( 2 9 , . 308 .)], I 308 . .

,- . , : . , . , ,

, . . ,

13. . 5.


46/266

45

. . , ,

( , WdM . 358) [- . 321].

( , ) : IJ (, ) ( , ) , (, ). , . 14/ 15.

3. (antizipierend. : , ]

14. , : , '

- : take it orleave it . , .

15. . , . . ( , ).

, , . , , . ( , , .) , . , : , , ( . 5) ( WdM .12, . 209 .) [- . 12, . 194 .). . .

, .


47/266

P.K. FEYERABEND

. . . 16. . , .

, ( ).

, . , ,

'7. , , :

.

'*.

16. .' ( .. F.Schachermayer, Die frhe Klassik der Griechen. Stuttgart 1966). . , . Dodds. The Greeks and the Irrational. Berkeley 1957, 35. . F. Waters, The Book of the Hopi. New York 1965.

17. . Afsluttende unvidenskahelig Efterskrifi. 1962. Lessing. op. eit., , 19 .

18. Albrecht von Haller, ber den Ursprung des bels (1750 ed.) II. 184. : Lovejoy, Essays in ihe History o f Ideas. Baltimore 1948.. 78 . . 86-7.


48/266

47

, 1''. : , , . ,

!

, , : , ( ), . .

(

19. J. F. Hurst. History o f Rationalism.New York 1865, . 14 .

O Lessing , - . - , , . , . . , , . , 1 . (Die Erziehung des Menschengeschlechts. 4). - , -StSouv , / '

.-(Uberdie Entstehung dergeoffenbar-ten Religion, ). ' ... : , ... : , .


49/266

48 P.K. FEYERABEND

, . 17: )20.

, - , , , , , , , [deduktiv] . , ,

. ' , [deduktiv] . . .. .

,

21.

20. Rationalism and the Rise of Science. Cambridge, (: Irrwege der Vernunft. Braunschweig, ).

21. . '

, von Fritz, Grundlagen und Probleme der Geschichte der antiken Wissenschaften. Berlin 1971, . 4 15-6 ( ) , . ...-. ;- vander Waerden. Science Awakening. New York 1963. . 89, . ,

. , , , , - ( !-). . . 17 ( ). .


50/266

49

. . , , .

, , ( , , , ). , , .

. -

, . , ( , WdM. . 361) \-. . 324]. , I) , - ( ), , , 2) . von Fritz van der Waerden ,

. Sr.v .

. '

. . . ' . , . up-


51/266

50 P.K. FEYERABEND

.

.' Gottsched , , , . Corneille. Gottsched Corneille,

--. . Gottsched , , , . . Lessing .

, . : corpus - Harm S. Coulter. Divided Le

gacy. I, Washington 1971.O von Fritz .

, ,

(Grundlagen etc. . 268). , , , , (266). ( ). (269- 271). , (

Gigon , Artemis). 91 , , , r./. : .

22. . : J. Ch. Gottsched.Schriften zur Literatur. Stuttgart 1972, . 200.


52/266

51

Corneille Gottsched. , . , -

. , 2'.

( ) , , , , ,

, .

( ) (

) , ,

. - , , , - . . ,

(

23. Hamburger Dramaturgie.Stck 48. Lessing Stck 96. Lessing . .


53/266

52 P.K. FEYERABEND

) . , 24.

,

.

- . , (.. ) , . ,

, . : , : , - . ) , )

( ): . . .

, :

24. . 9-15 Problems of Empiricism inBeyond the Edge o f Certainly.ed. Colodny, New York 1965. I Problemi dell Empirismo.Milano 1971. . 31-69. . 13 .


54/266

53

,

( ) . , , . , , , ( ), ( ) . ! . , , ,

, : , 25. ,

, -

25.' III, 38: , . . . ' -. . - - -,

. - . . . , .

The Ruling Class ( or. Peter O' Toole) :.


55/266

54 P.K. FF.YF.RABEND

. ( ) . :

, , , 26. ( ). , !

' '.

, , - . . ( ): , ,

, .

. , . . . . , , , , ;

:26. !

, , . !


56/266

55

. , , -, , .

3.

.

, , :

. (

). , , , . .

. . .

- .

.


57/266

56 P.K. FLYERABEND

. , . , . (

):7 , , -*. . .

.

. , , . ( , , , , ,

, .) , . .

.

, , , ,

27. , 530 a-b.

28. .


58/266

57

. , .

, . .

^. ( .. - ). , , , . ,

. . , , , .

.

. . ( , ) , : , . , ,

29. , . , .


59/266

P.K. FEYERABEND

, . ;

, , , . I) - 2)

3) , , . , ( ;).

, , , defensor rationis [ ] . , . ,

. , , . , , .

, . , '


60/266

59

, . , , , , . : ,

( ) . , , :

. () , . .

, , ,

, . . , .

, . Wittgenstein , , ( -


61/266

60 P.K. FEYERABENP

). Kuhn

^ . ,

(, ) , () ,

(). : , , . .

, : , , (

), , , : , .

29. [ . S. Kuhn, , . 1981. . 26 ..]

29. , , .


62/266

61

,

. , , ., .

. 30, ,

, , , ( , 21). *'. , , , ().

, , .

30. WdM,. 357 . [=


63/266

62 P.K. FEYERABEND

. 32, 3 34. , , : , ( ) 35.

, -

32. . Kurt von Frilz. Die Griechische Geschichtsschreibung.Band I, Berlin 1967, . 135.

33. Coulter, op. eit. (. 21). ( ) Owsei Temkin in Isis44 (1953),. 213 ., Antike Medizin, ed, H. Flashar, Darmstadt 1971, . I .. , , . - , , .

: , . : , ; ' , : , , . '

( ).

34.' : .

35. Popper : , . .


64/266

63

6 17 1.

37.

. , .

4.

, , , ,, . , .

[. ], . - ,

. .

36. .

37. Rationalism and the Rise o f Science,


65/266

64 P.K. FEYERABEND

:I.

., , .

: , ( ) . - .

II. , , . , , . ,

, . 3*. ,

, - . , , , ,

, . - .

38. The Ruling Class, -


66/266

65

III. I II . , . , , . , (

) - .IV.

. , . , (

40). , , , , . , .

V. , , :

( . 41). , , , , . , , . ,

. :

39. .

40. , fcva ' Popper, ObjectiveKnowledge. Oxford 1973, . 239.


67/266

66 P.K. FLYERABEND

, . ( ), . ( , ), , ,

.VI. ,

. : (, , .) .

, (,

, ) . , , , , . 41.

. , . ( !), .

41. , , , - - . Ivan Illich, Deschooling Society. New York 1970 [ : , . - , 1976).


68/266

67

.

42.

. . , , ( ) ,

: , , , . , , , . ' [Organon],

1 , '.

.

, . 2 . 4. , . S 6,

, . , . . . .

42. ' , John St. Mill, ( ) . On Liberty M. Cohen (ed.). The Philosophy o f John Stuart Mill,New York1961. . 197.


69/266

68 P.K. FEYERABEND

, ( . 57).

VII: , . ,

, , . ( ). , ..

,

, , , . , , .

( )*.. . , , . , . , .

; , ; , ,


70/266

69

. , : , , . ,

, , , . , . :

VIII.

( , ), , , . , .

IX. , , , . , ,

, .

. , ( I VII). , , , .


71/266

70 P.K. FEYERABEND

, , , Einstein . , . , ,

43

, , . , , , , , , .

, . , , , :

X. ( ).

,

. : , .

: , .

, ,

. , ,

4.1. Norman Mailer. O f a Fire on the Moon. London 1970. [ : . , . . . . 1971].


72/266

71

, . , , .

. ,

. , : ;

( ) . ,

. , ..: , ;

, , ( ), - , . ,

. , . . , . .


73/266

72 P.K. FEYERABEND

. , : , ( . 41), , ( . 57). ,

, , , : **. , , , , . , , ,

. , , , 45. , - . ,

46.

44. . .

45. Einslein . .. . , . 6.

46. , : ,

. , . , , , . . . . ( , ' , . Lessing, Heine, Bob Hope).


74/266

7.1

.

, . : , .

.

5.

3 . ,

. : -, , , .

. , : , .

( , , ), , ad hoc, , ,


75/266

74 P.K. FEYERABEND

, , , . ( , , ) , , , , .

, : ( .) , ,

( .), .

, .. , : anything goes [=

]. . 52 WdM\-. 64 \ : - , , . . (

) ... ( ). : . , .

. .

. .


76/266

75

. . Lakatos , . Lakatos .

, . -

. - , ) . , , Brown , , . ,

. *

. , .

( ) . .

, . - . : .

, . , 47. , ,


77/266

76 P.K. FEYERABEND

.

. . - . , \. . ,

. , ' . , . 3 . , .

, , , . , . ,

, .

.

. .

.

47. l.akalos . . 16. . Howson (ed.).Method and Apprai

sal in the Physical Sciences. Cambridge 1976.


78/266

77

. . . , .., , . , .. . '

( , . 3), , .

, , . :

, . . , . , . .

, , .

. , . .

, -, Diaz, , , , ,


79/266

78 P.K. FF.YERABEND

,

. : , , . ,

. , ; , ,: . , , , .

4", . ( ).

,

. . - , , , . , 49.

48. . . O /u , .

49. fiu .


80/266

79

, . .

' , . ( )

, , , . , . ; . ,

. -, . , . , , . ,

, : ad hoc! : ! . : ;, 250 ( 18 19 , 5"),

,

50. 250 Lakatos. . 16 . . 47 .


81/266

HO P.K. FEYERABEND

51. , 250 , - , . . , .

, . , , ,

. ,

.

, : , . , . ,

. . 5 12 .,

, : . ,

, , ,

51. Watkins Radnitzky - Anderson (ed.),Progress and Rationality in Science. Dordrecht 1979.


82/266

, 52.

, , .

,

. [ ] .

: - .

, , , .

, . . .

. 52, , , .

52. , - In Defencc of Aristotle. Radnitzky and Anderson (cds.). Progress and Ra

tionality in Science. Dordrecht 1979 ( . 26). Watkins, : . .

52. [ (principium exclusi tenii) .. -


83/266

P.K. FLYERABEND

, , , . , Polya . ; .. ' ; 53.

, , , 54. 54.

, .

, , . . :

5.1. Popper

. Popper ( ) ' . ' . , Einstein , . ' . ' ( ): ' ,

( ) .

54. . . - ( -

54. Mach. Lrkcnntnn und Irrtum, passim.


84/266

8

, . - , . , .. . .

:

; . ; .. , ; , , . 72;

, ( ) ; ; , - , , ,

, . .

. .. . ' , .

, , , . .. , (),


85/266

P.K. FliYERABEND

,

. , . ( 55), . ( Bohr

Einstein ). ,

. , . , .

, . , , .

,

' : , . , ' . : ;

, , . , ,

S3. . . 10. SS.


86/266

85

- ( 73).

, () (): ' , 13 , . , ; !

( ), .

, .

. ( ) . , ,

. , ( , , 1820 - ;). .. , ,

, , , . , , , ;


87/266

86 P.K. FEYERABEND

,

, ; , , .. ; , , , .

, , , . 56.

, , , . , , , , ,

' . ' , , * , , , , , , ,

, . ,

56. WdM. . I, . 351-2 357 . [=. 315-6 321 .]. . 40 . .


88/266

87

, . , , . . , !

, . - 57. . .

. . , , ( )* . .

. . . , , , . ,

. ,

57. .


89/266

88 P.K. FEYERABEND

, . , ( , ). , !

, . ,

. ( ) , . ( ) , . . ,

. , : . . , 58

' . ; . ( ), , .

- . ,

( , );

58. Three Views Concerning Human Knowledge, Conjectures and refutations. London 1963, . 115.


90/266

39. , , , , , . , , . . ( ) .

, 60.

6.

Anything goes [= ]

, . .

: , ^ . , , . , : anything goes.

. anything goes

59. ' .

60. . 5 Der wissenschaftliche Realismus und die Auto

ritt der Wissenschaften, Braunschweig 1978.


91/266

90 P.K. FEYERABEND

, . , : , , . , . anything

goes ,

, , . ' , , , ,

: anything goes. ,

, . , ,

( , ,

). , , , .

, . ,


92/266

91

, 61.

, . , . , .. , - . , . 16 17 , , . ' .. , ,

, . 20 . ; , *2. , - anything goes ,

. ' , !

61. Bohr, Einstein, Born .

62. Einstein WdM.. 294 .. Bohr Phil. Sc. 1968/69( ).


93/266

92 P.K. FEYERABEND

7.

, '

, .

Hans Kling Existiert Gott.3, (anything goes!*)64. , anything goes . , 1, 1 35 WdM [= 54 ]*5. 35 Wdm , anythinggoes. , , (WdM,. 5 ) [=,. 41 ] 1. I , . (WdM, .52 ) [-, .64]: - , , , . . (

) .

63. Mnchen 1978.

64. . 137

65. . 779, 90.


94/266

9.1

. . ( . 5). To anything goes , :

, , . , anything goes. Kng , ->. , ,

. Kng

. Kng ( Kng ). . Kng

.

, .. , (, . Hans Kng, ) , -

66. Kng enfant terrible .

; Suhrkamp . , , . [ Wider den Methodenzwang - Paul Feyerabend. ' .]


95/266

94 P.K. FF.YERABEND

67.

Kng . . Helmut Spinner , , . , .

Spinner68 anything goes - , . . To anything goes , - .

Kng, ( ), Spinner

. , . , :

67. , anything goes / , . ' anything goes . ( Science in a Free Society. London 1978. , 4). . . - , (.. ). .

67.' Toulmin ( , ) Gerard Radnit/ky. , ( Radnitzky ).

68. Popper und die Politik. Band I: Geschlossenheits probleme, Berlin - BonnI97M. . 589. o Arne Naess .


96/266

95

,

(, , ) ( , ). , . . -

, - . . . , , -

( . 55 ). , . Spinner . , , ,

. .. Spinner 590

: , Feyerabend, . . , ( . 20-21), , :

. , ,

69. to . Sciencein a Free Society. London 1978.


97/266

96 P.K. FEYERABEND

. . , . , 70. .

,

70. - , Spinner (. 210, 587) . ' , . .

Helmut, . ! ; Fermat' , ; . , . , rival . , .. Eugene McCarthy

vu , . . ' , , , . (

1 , Helmut, 5 1 , 105).

. , . ' (. 587);

. , !


98/266

97

71: , ( ), , , , . .

Spinner . : (. 587, 463). , . ; , ; Einstein,

, 72; , 73; Bohr 74; -

,

71. - , . , ' . . .

Mach . ,

, .72. WdM. 30 [-. 49]. WdM. 36, . I ( Bohr) [- . 55, . I], . 205-6 .

73.' , , .

74. R. Clark. Albert Einslein. New York 1971. . 253.


99/266

98 P.K. FEYERABEND

: 74, , , , Helmut. , , , , 75!

74. , Helmut Gumnior, - , Spiegel ( 7 1979). Spinner ( ), ( ),

, . Gamnior . Spinner Einstein Bohr -. ( Einstein 72). Spinner ' , Einstein, , . Gumnior

; : , - ; ' Spiegel[=], , ; ,

Gumnior.

75. Spinner, : ...

, Against Method'... , , Feyerabend... (. 556). 20 . ,


100/266

99

. , , . Imre Lakatos. , . ( Lakatos),

, .

, ( ) . . ' ( ) , ,

- : . Spinner . , . ' . , . ( Spinner , Kursbuch . , , -

, , . ' .. Gellner -... (BJPS 1976, . 340). , Gellner () (). Watkins

, , . . . . Watkins in Radnilzky - Anderson, op. eil., .


101/266

P.K. FF.YERABFND

'

Lakatos76: , . , ..

, ,

Lakatos. , Lakatos. - - . Einstein , Dingier, .

, Lakatos : .

76. Lakatos Mathematics,Science ami Epistemology. Philosophical Papers, Volume 2, Cambridge 1978. O , . . 173 . , .


102/266

I.

. :

) , , , ,

, , ;)

( ), ; .. ;

) ..

, , , ;

' . ' .


103/266

102 P.K. FEYERABEND

, .

' , . . , . , .

, .

' . , . ,

. - : , - 1. , , 2.

1. - : - , . . ' . . .. Bossuet .

2. . ' , , - , > ' . . , , ' Joachim von Fiore ( Comte ). : -


104/266

103

-, : , , . : ' , * . *

, . . .

, .

, . . , . . * - , , : () . Eric Voegelin. From Enlightenment to Revolution.DukeUniversity Press 1975 ( 1950).

Ernst Mach . ... , Max Planck, Physikalische Zeitschrift, . 11 (1910), . 599 ..

* . ' :

, ' , , . . , Mach , , . .


105/266

104 P.K. FEYERABEND

. '

, 3 . , : , -, , ,

* , * , 4.

3. National Science Foundation - , ,

. : . Ti , : , - , - , . :

.

4. -. . , , . ( . S3). - . , . , ,

. . , . , . : F. A. Hayek, The Counter Revolution of Science. Free Press 1955, . . 5 2o . To


106/266

,

, . ' , , , , - , .

, , -

Coulter Divided Legacy. Washington 1972 .. Eysenck (ed.). Handbook o f AbnormalPsychology. New York I960, Paul E. Meehl, Clinical and Statistical Prediction.Minneapolis 1954, ( )

. Erikson, Childhood and Society.New York 1963, Coles,Erik H. Erikson. Leben und Werk. Mnchen 1970. () . , *; . , , : , ,

, . Szent Girgi (Lancet I. 1961. . 1349 ). ' , . , , . . Agassi (Philosoph 1976) . Szent Girgi . , , , , , , :

, ( , , , ). . . Pappworth, HumanGuinea Pigs. Boston 1956.


107/266

106 P.K. FEYERABEND

. ' , , . , , , , , , , - , . :

, , , , , , , , .

5. [ . ] , , : , , ( ) - - , . ,

, , 6.

5. , , . /. ,

.6. //.

Bultmann (Jaspers und Bultmann,Die Frage der Entmythologisienmg.Mnchen 1954) . , Bultmann,


108/266

107

, , ,

, , 7.

(, , ) . : .

: ".

, , . , , , .

. . . , , ,

, ,

*. . : , . ' ,

, .

7. Mortuary Science

[= ), .

8. , ... , . . , - .


109/266

.. FEYERABEND

1'. ,

. , 10. ' , . Evans

Pritchard, Levi-Strauss ". ' .

17, 18, 19

20. . , ( ) . , (

), . ' '.

9. , . ' ,

.10. , ,

.

11. Levi-Strauss The Savage Mind. Chicago 1966, .16 .. - , . . , .


110/266

109

, , . . ' , .

.

. (: ). - : . 19 20

12 . , , . , .

American Medical Association, , . : , .

12. Kruscher , : , ( ).


111/266

no P.K. FEYERABEND

2.

.

. , , , , .

. ( )

, . , .

. '

, - . , , , , , - , ,

, , . , Christian Bay The structure of Freedoml3, .

13. New York 1968. . 376.


112/266

III

,

, , . , . ... , ,

. , : , 14. Bay , ,

: , , . Bay , Bay , . , , , ,

14. Invasion o f the Body Snatchcrs , , , - , , ; - . ; , .

; . ; . , ( revor Roper )' imoOr.rom . ; ' .


113/266

112 P.K. FEYERABEND

15.

Don . Price, The Scientific Estate1*'.O Price , ( )17. ,

. , , . : , , .

: . ... , , . ,

....

15. Bay : . , , . . , : .

. ,

, / :. , , .

16. Oxford 1965.

17. . 16.


114/266

11.1

Price ,

, 11*. , ... , , . ,

19: , , , .

. , . .' , . , , -

, . ( ), .

.

18. . 272

19. . 274.


115/266

114 P.K. FEYERABEND

20. , (.. ). . . , ,

, 21. , . , , , : , , , ,

, , , , .

20. ( , , ) , , , . ,

. ;

21. , , , . ' Las Casas. Lewis Hanke,All Mankind is One. Norlhern Illinois Press 1974.


116/266

115

. (

) , , : () , , .

. , ,

, . , . ' :

, . ( ) . . .

, , ( )22.

22. Agassi - . . , , (Philosophia. 1976. . 190). . , '

,

, . Agassi . ; .


117/266

P.K. FEYERABEND

-

; , , ; , ; ; , , ,

; -

. ; , . , ( , ). ,

. ; Agassi , , ' .

Spinner, .., , . , Spinner

, . ' .. , , ( WdM,. 27). , Spinner, , , , (576).

: ( , ' ;). ; ,


118/266

117

, - , , ; ( ), , ( ) .

; Spinner ;

Spinner , , (578). . , Agassi ( ): )

, . (WdM.69 .) [-. 80 .] ) ( -). ' Spinner , (xiii) ( ). '

. . , , Spinner ! , : ( . Spinner . 579, , , , ). ,

. Spinner , Karl May. , , , . Spinner ,


119/266

118 P.K. FEYERABEND

,':

.':

.': ,

.

' ' -

( ), . : - , ( ' Spinner ). , , ;

, . Spinner , , , . Spinner , .. . ; , , , ; . ' ,

; , , . .

( Gehlen . 579 Spinner:

, ). ' Spinner, : , , , , Spinner , - .


120/266

119

, : () . '

, ; ( ') ' ,

, ; , , ;

.

, - , - .

, , , . * : .

3.


121/266

120 P.K. FFYERABEND

,

.

, - , , , .

. , : , , , , .' , (1600-1200 ..), J. . Breasted

. , , ,

.

: . ,

, , , , . , 23. 24.

(

23. T.B.L. Webster. From Mycenae Homer, New York 1964, . 3. W.F. Albright, Yahweh and the Gods o f Canaan,NewYork 1969.

24. Webster, . 31. . . 17.


122/266

121

: ... ... 25), Eshnumma 18 , , ( 21-23) ( , )2*. 27. , .

, , . : ) , ) ( ) ,

, ( - - - , : -). , , ,

, , . ,

25. , , I.

26.

Albright, ... . 101-2' Albright, Neglected Facts in the Greek Intellectual Revolution, Proc. Am. Phil.Soc., Vol. 116 (1972), . 225-6. To o G.E.Mendenhall, Ancient Oriental and Biblical Law, The Biblical Archaeologist,Reader 3, New York 1970.

27. F. Cornelius, Geschichte derHethiter. Darmstadt 1973, . 89.


123/266

122 P.K. FEYERABEND

( , ), : , , -7.

, , ,

28 29. , , ( , , ) , , ,

. . , , - . ,

, , , (dharma, rta, simtu), .

27. : .

28. ,

( Lecler. Geschichte der Religions freiheil. Bd.I. Stuttgart 1965. . 90-1 passim), , , . Cornelius, ... . 52 , .

29. . 88 205.


124/266

123

,

- ...10.

. WdM . 337-338 [= , . 303] :

31. - : , . , , - , , 32. ( ' ,

, ). , 33. , , . -

. *4. .

,

30. A. Leo. Oppenheim, Ancient Mesopotamia, Chicago 1964, . 182.

31. .. F. Schachermayer, Die

frhe Klassik der Griechen. Stuttgart 1966.

32. Wilamowiiz-Moellendorf, Der Glaube der Hellenen, I. Band, Basel andStuttgart 1955, . 67.

33. M.P. Nilsson. A History o f Greek Religion. Oxford 1949, . 152.

34. Dodds. The Greeks and the Irrational, Boston 1957, . 35.


125/266


126/266

125

4

, . . , : . , .

. , . ,: - , .

, . :

, , , .

:

1. ( ),

2. ( ) .

,

(H. Schmkcl.

Hammurabi von Babylon. Darmstadt 1971, . 82 Mendenhall, ..). . '10. 20.

40. Yehezekel Kaufmann, The Religion o f Israel.New York I960, . 230. ; . W.F. Albright, ... . 206-7.


127/266

126 P.K. FI YERABEND

, : , .

3. . . ,

! 3, 38 : , , . ' . , . - -,

. . .

.

:

. , , .

' . . , , :

.

,

. ,

, , . , . ,


128/266

127

(, 322d, 325a-b).

.

, : , , , .

: . . , 184-193, [ . , .. ]:

', , , , , , , , - , , ,

- ' . - , ' .

() , , 41. * (= ) , ,

. . * , , : * ( nehmen)

41. : , , , () , : . , . . Cornford. From Religion Philosophy, 69.

[ ]


129/266

2 P.K. FI-YERABEND

: , . (*) : (*).

/ 276-9 ).

. 17 , . , ' , ' , . , , , :

. , - , .

484-5. . . . - .. .} . , .

, , . . , . : ,

, 42.

42. : '- , .


130/266

129

, ( ) , 43: , , . , ,

, . , .

, , , . (Diels-Kranz, 11, 15, 16):

. ... , ,

... , , 23, 25, 26):

, >, . . . .

: . ' ( 9, 18-9):

. ,

43. , 3 : Probleme des Empirismus. Vieweg 1980.


131/266

130 P.K. FEYERABEND

, r.ivai . : ,'

...

- , .

. ) , , , ) . ' ( , , , ) . -, ( ,

). , . , .

, :

, -. ( ). : ( ). ( , ).

.

( ) . , , . ' -


132/266

131

, . , . , , , , , , . ,

, , . * , , ,

, . , ; ;

; , , , . , , : .

, , , .


133/266

132 P.K. FEYERABEND

. ' , . SS, . , . ,

. , , , , , , , .

( : Scared Straight), (, , ). . , , . ;

- . ;, , , : I have realised that I was wrong,morally wrong... [ = ...]. , ,

' , , , , ! !

.


134/266

133

. . , , . ' . : , , . , , (

, - WdM,. 386). , ( , ,

, ). , ! , , , , ,

( ) , - > , .

, , ,

, ,

, .

. , .


135/266

134 P.K. FEYERABEND

,

44. . , , , .

, . ,

, . . ( ) .

, , .

44. ; ; ( Edward Crankshaw.Maria Theresia, Mnchen 1966, . 343). , , ... ; ... , . ; .

' ; .

, . , , . ,

, . David Hume.Essays. Moral. Political and Literary (ed. 1882) I, . 110-1. 119. 127/8. Madison JelTerson . Richard Hol'siadter, The Idea of a Party System. Berkeleyand Los Angeles 1969. To . 25-6.


136/266

135

. '. : . . , - (), . . , -

. : ::, , . . , , . . ..

. . , , . , . ( ) , , . (

) , , . , . , , , , .

>. , . , , . ,


137/266

136 P.K. FEYERABEND

. , -. , , , . . , , . , , ,

, . , - , ;

: , , -

, , , . , , . ,

( , . 17). , . , , , , ( ). .

. , , , ., .


138/266

137

; , , , , ; , ;

; , - . , , - 45

, , , . : ^. , , ( ) ( ) , -

, , - , ( .. ) .

45. , Montaigne

, . Las Casas- Lewis Hanke, AH Mankind is One,de Kalb, Illinois1974.

46.

.


139/266

1.18 PK. FEYERABEND

( ) . , , , . , . ,

; , , , , 47. ,

. , .

.. Nei Ching ( , ).

, . . 470,

47. . . ' ,

, . , .. , .

47. : -


140/266

139

, ,

. . ,

. , 47*1. , ,

: , , . , , . , >

, 4". Remigius ,

47. , ' , ,

(,, , .).

' . , .

48. Vincent Price, , , . ,

. . , X, , : ! , , : , .


141/266

140 P.K. FEYERABEND

: , , 41. , ; ' ; ,

, ; , .

, ,

. , . , , , . , , , ,

. . , , , , :

49. , , VictorRichards (Cancer. the Wayward Cell, Berkeley and Los Angeles 1972, XV .),

, ( , .). , , . . Annals o f Internal

Medicine : dedicated physician[ ].


142/266

141

;( , : , !). : , .. , ;

: , , , ,

. . ::, . , . ,

(, , ,

, ), , , , ( ), , , , -

- 4


143/266

142 P.K. FEYERABEND

,

; , , .

, . ,

, , , (,, ) , .

( ) . : , , . , .

, -

, )>. . , .

, ,

' , .


144/266

143

: ,

, . , ( )41'11 , - (

. 57) . . , :: , , , .

( ) . , (, , , . , , , .), *". ,

, :

49. [ . 204-207 ].

50.' ,

, . . , . . , - .


145/266

P.K. FEYERABEND

.

, ' .

. ( 72-74 ), (

), , , ( 23 ), ( ), . : , , .

: , , : .. . ::>. .

, . . , .

, , , ,

50. Lakatos. Proofs and Refutations, Cambridge 1977 . : Wittgenstein. Remarks on the Foundationsof Mathematics, Cambridge 1965.


146/266

145

, . , 51. ,

51. , , ., :

( , , National Science Foundation, .) , . , . : , ,

, , . , , , , ( , , , ). , , , . , , - , .

Dr. Szent-Girgi. : , ... , , , . Popper, ' , .


147/266

146 P.K. IEYERABEND

,

, ) : , , . , . ,

. veto ( ' , .) . non (: rlmOr.pia''-. , : , (, , )

. . :

52. Frankfurter Allgemeine (21 1979) ' . . , , , ( ), , . . , , , .

- , : , ; , , .


148/266

147

; , . ; , , ; , .

, , ; . . ,

, , .. , , . . ,

. , . , . , . ,

, . . , ( ) ,


149/266

148 P.K. FEYERABEND

, 6:/5.

' , : , ; 7 9 : .

. , , , . , ,

53.' ,

, : ; ; : - , . , . , . (77rival ', 1784, , 1902 . , 8, . 484-5) [ .. : Immanuel Kam, , , 1971, .42 . ].

. , , -

. ,

, ' (484). . Mill! , , , - , .


150/266

149

.

' 102 0 ; . , ; - , ;

.

4 .

, ( )

.

, , . , : , , , . , ,

, , , . - ,


151/266

ISO P.K. FEYERABEND

- . Mill On Liberty*'". .

, , , : , ,

, National Science Foundation, , opooovv,,. Wodu, , , , .

. .

; ; ;

. .

. , . , , /):- . .

,

53. [ : , .,. . , 1983).

54. , .


152/266

151

( 55 ). . , , . . .

, ' .

, . . .

- , , , .

, .

- . . . , ,

. - .

55. , . , . .


153/266


154/266

15.1

( ,. 3 4). , .

, . . . Einstein, Bohr, Born

. Schleimann, , - Alexander Marshack, , RobertArdrey ,

Robert Mayer 19- 1950-60, , . ; ,

, ; , .

. , .

. , . . :


155/266

154 P.K. FEYERABEND

. , , (. .3). , . ::-

. , , .

.

, , . , ,

, , /. . . , . .. R.A. Millikan. , Reviews o f Modern Physics, . 29

(1949), . 344: Einstein : ( Michelson) , , . .

,

. Einstein , , . Einstein 1905,


156/266

155

.

: , . : . Bohr 57. ,

. 1950 : , . . .

56. Gerald Holton: Einslein,Michelson and the Crucial Experiment. Isis. . 60 (1969), . 133 . .

57. Phil. Sc. 1968/69 ( ), 17 Probleme des Empirismus.


157/266

156 P.K. FEYERABEND

. . Bohr, . ' : von Neumann ... , von Neumann, von Neumann5":

*9. .

, .

. : ) , : , ) -

- . ,

58. Bohr Einstein von Neumann. Bohr .

59. von Neumann ( ).

, . Popper, , , , , . : , .


158/266

157

. . ; . ; - . ; (..

, , ). , , . .

, .

, , , '0. , , . ,

. - . .. A. Krmer '1: Leiato , , .

, ... . ,

60. . Griaule. Conversations withOgotemmeli. Oxford 1962.

61. Die Samoainseln. Band II, Stuttgart 1903. . 244.


159/266

158 P.K. FEYERABEND

, : , 6-.

62.' D.R. Dicks, Solstices. Equinoxes and thePresocralics, Journal fo r Hellenic Studies. Vol. 86 (1966). . 29. 300 , Dicks, , (. 29). Dicks. , , , , ... (. 32-3). Gilbert ( ' ).

, . bike-ni-kaitara, : . ; . ; , : , .

! ; , Dicks, . ( ), : . ( Gilbert A. Grimble, Gilbertese Astronomy and Astronomical Observations, in:

Journal o f the Polynesian Society, Vol. 40 (1931).)O Dicks

, . , . deSantillana- von Dechend, Hamlets Mill. Boston 1968. - Alexander Marshack. Roots o f Civilization.New York 1972. , . 21.


160/266

: . *1 :>.

,

5. , R.J.C. Atkinson'1'1, Thom, . , ,

, Atkinson , : , , - , , .

, ,

(. 133). -

63. Evans-Prilchard.Oracles. Magic and Witchcraft with the Azandc. Oxford 1938.

64. ,

( ).65. : G. Hawkins, Stonehenge

Deceded, New York 1965. : A. Thom, Megalithic l.anur Observatories. Oxford1971. : Rationalism and the

Rise o f Science, Cambridge.

66. Journ. His. Astron.. . 6 (1975). . 51.


161/266

160 P.K. FEYERABEND

, , , , , .

, . . ,

( . 136 . ).

, ' , . . , , . ,

.

, . , ;

, ; (: , ). , , ;


162/266

161

;

, . , 67. , .

6.

, 186 , /- 1975 The Humanist.

. - . 186 , , , , 18. , .

, , ,

, , , -

67. Robert Jungk: Der Atomstaat,Mnchen 1977.


163/266

162 P.K. FEYERABEND

. , ( 186 , ;), , 6".

. : .

1484 - Malleus Maleficarum. . Malleus . : , , - . \ , .

, , . , , . , , , .

, . - , , . , , , - .

68. . BBC an ' , . .


164/266

16.1

Malleus , 8, 1484. : , ... , ... . ,

. 186 , . !

Malleus , . -

. , , , .

.. Bok , : , .

: , , , . , . .

. , . , -


165/266

P.K. FEYERABEND

: '1''.

. . , . , 7'1. Piccardi , 30,

, . , 71.

69. J.J. Nelson, RCA Review, . 12 (1951). . 26 . . ElectricalEngineering,. 71 (1952), . 421 . . , , : LyallWatson, Supemature, London I97.V

70. H.S. Ban. Watson, op. cit.

71. S.W. Tromp, Possible Effects of Extra Terrestrial Stimuli on ColloidalSystems and Living Organisms, Proc. 5th Intern. Biomeieorol. Congress. Nordwyk1972.Tromp and Bouma (eds.), . 243. To Piccardi, . , . (. 239). - (. 245). , Biometeorological Research Center Leiden Stanford Research Center Menlo Park . : .

> , . Tromp .To Biometeorological Research Center (,, , ). ' Stanford Research Institute : JohnMitchell (ed.), Psychic Exploration. A Challenge for Science, New York 1974.


166/266

165

( ), 72. 73, .

74,

PAUL K. FAYERABEND - ΓΝΩΣΗ ΓΙΑ ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΟΥΣ ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΥΣ

Documents

Transcript of PAUL K. FAYERABEND - ΓΝΩΣΗ ΓΙΑ ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΟΥΣ ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΥΣ