. : , , . : , Carlos Ramirez y Laura Remaschi : : Alberto Bartolomeo, Mario Paiano, Mariagiovanna Ricciarelli y Cristiano Sanna : Aleksander Schejbal : Craig Gallacher, Ernesto Elorza, Teresa Villaverde, Maddalen Gil y Amaia Goyena. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. Cover, layout design: Kyriaki Vogiatzi, Ermis Graphics 2015 Copyright: PaTiE Project Partners Publisher:

- 1

Leonardo Da Vinci -

- 1

.......................................................................................................................... 3

............................................................................................................................................................... 3 .................................................................................................................................. 3 H .......................................................................................................... 4

............................................................................................................................................... 6 J.L. MORENO ............................................................................................. 8 ................................................ 12 ................................................................................................................................ 14 ............................................................................................................................... 17 ................................................................................................................................. 19 ....................................................................................................................................... 23

................................................................................................................................................................................ 27

.............................................................................................................................. 28

.................................................................................................................................................. 30 ..................................................................................................................................................... 31 .............................................................................................................................................. 34 ...................................................................................................................................... 35 ...................................................................................................................................... 37 .......................................................................................................................................................... 40 - ........................................................................................................................................................ 42

.................................................................................................................................................... 43

................................................................................................................................................... 44

............................................................................................................................................... 45

- ......................................................................................................... 46 .................................................................................. 46

............................................................................................................................................. 47

........................................................................................................................................ 47 .................................................................................................................................... 47

2

- 1

: " " (Patie).

. ,

.

,

.

,

.

,

.

, : -

' -

, - -

().

, :

.

3

- 1

H

. ,

PaTiE, ' . ,

, ,

.

,

. ,

,

,

.

. .

, - -.

.

,

.

,

POTENS (

)

PaTiE.

:

.

,

- PaTiE.

4

- 1

, ,

. ,

. ,

. -

,

,

. ,

. ,

POTENS

,

PaTiE.

.

.

.

5

- 1

, ,

.

.

PaTiE, Peter Felix Kellerman, : 1,

:

, .

.

, ,

, , ,

, ,

.

.

, . ,

, , , ,

. , , ,

, .

Jacob Levy Moreno (1889-1974), . Moreno, ,

,

.

. , ,

.

.

.

1 . . Focus on Psychodrama.

6

- 1

, ,

.

2 POTENS

:

, , ,

, .

.

,

.

, ,

. ,

. ,

,

,

. ,

. ,

,

.

2 Guidelines On Psychodrama Use in Adult Education

7

J.L. Moreno

Jacob Levy Moreno (1889 1974),

. ,

,

3 . , , ,

, ,

4. Moreno

,

. PaTiE. Moreno , . ,

,

.

Moreno .

.

:

Moreno ,

. , Moreno , - ,

. , Moreno

Freud . Moreno

3 . International Association of Group Psychotherapy.

4 . The Words of the Father

- 1

-

.

. ,

.

, ,

.

. , ,

,

. Moreno , .

reno ,

. ,

.

,

.

Moreno ,

.

Living Newspaper - -,

.

,

.

.

Moreno ,

.

9

- 1

Moreno , ,

, , .

,

.

20

J.L. Moreno. Moreno 1926,

.

.

,

,

, .

.

,

Moreno .

, .

Moreno .

. , 5 ,

, . , Moreno

Zerka Moreno,

, ,

.

.

5 sociatry . : , .

10

- 1

,

, ,

. ,

.

. . , Moreno .

.

,

.

1970 .

-PIFE (http://www.pife-europe.eu/en/) FEPTO (http://www.fepto.com/)( ).

,

,

( ). ,

.

, ,

. ,

,

(cf. on-line repository of articles and research papers at http://www.blatner.com/adam/pdntbk/resources.htm). ,

, . PaTiE , POTENS.

11

- 1

, .

,

- Moreno. Moreno , , ,

.

, ,

.

.

.

, . ,

,

,

. ,

, .

.

,

, Moreno .

,

, Moreno . ,

,

.

,

, . Moreno . :

12

- 1

,

, (

).

Moreno,

, . ' ,

, . ,

-, , , .

:

, .

,

. Moreno 6,

,

.

.

7 ;8, .

, ,

; ,

. Moreno

.

6 . normism.

7 opusmagnum . (, , ) , , , , .

8 Who Shall Survive: A New Approach to the Problem of Human Interrelations

13

- 1

.

.

,

, ,

. , Moreno ,

. , , ,

. ,

.

.

:

,

,

. PaTiE ( 4)

. ,

-

.

Moreno .

.

Moreno , . " ", 1914,

, I and Thou, , Martin Buber, , ( o , Levinas ).

14

- 1

Moreno , , .

', Moreno , .

. "

. Moreno ,

,

.

""

( ),

. ""

. ,

. ,

.

Moreno , ,

, .

. , Moreno

. ""

,

( -, ), .

Moreno, .. ,

""

.

3 PaTiE .

. ,

.

15

- 1

, . ,

. ,

,

(..

, ,

..).

,

. , , ,

,

. , ,

"" .

,

.

Moreno

, (

).

, : "", .

.

.

,

.

.

- ,

, .

"-",

16

- 1

. 2 PaTiE " ".

.

, . . , .

. , 20 , . . . , , . , , , , . , . . , . , , . . . , . .

17

- 1

/ . , . . , , , . , , , /. " "9, Moreno . . . , , . , . 6 , Moreno " ", .

,

. :

, , ,

. ,

,

. ,

" ", .

, ,

, .

,

.

,

Moreno,

9 surplusreality Moreno . surplus reality .

18

- 1

( , -). , ,

,

. ,

. ,

. , ,

, .

.

,

.

. ,

.

.

.

.

Moreno

. "

- ,

. . , Moreno : ,

. ,

,

19

- 1

. ,

,

/, .

,

. ,

,

. Moreno,

, , .

,

. Moreno ,

"-" "" .

""

.

,

. Moreno,

, " " , ,

.

,

,

,

.

.

, , ,

,

/ .

. ',

,

.

, -,

20

- 1

,

.

,

,

.

, , . Moreno,

: ,

- ( "" "" ).

. ,

, ,

Moreno . , ,

,

.

,

. ""10

.

,

.

, ..

,

"", .

.

'

"" .

,

10 rollingin, roll-in .

21

- 1

.

,

, ,

. , ,

, .

.

,

.

/

, ,

. , , ,

.

. ,

/ .

" " .

/

,

.

, .

, .

, /

.

. PaTiE ( 5), Moreno .

,

22

- 1

,

.

, ,

.

,

.

:

, ,

.

, . .

.

, ,

- , ,

.

,

.

.

,

. , ,

: "" .

,

.

.

,

, ,

.

. ,

23

- 1

,

,

, .., . ,

.

,

, -. ,

, .

, .

, ,

.

,

.

,

.

, ""

.

,

. ,

(, , ,

) . ,

,

.

,

.

,

,

.

"-" .

.

,

24

- 1

. "-" ,

,

.

, , .

.

,

.

,

.

, ,

.

, . ,

,

.

,

"",

.

. 8.

. ,

.

25

- 1

, . , :

, ,

,

,

.

,

,

.

,

. Moreno,

,

. Moreno ,

. ,

,

.

.

.

,

.

. ""

.

, .

26

- 1

Moreno, .

, , .

, ,

,

.

,

.

,

.

.

27

- 1

, .

,

.

:

, ,

.

,

.

.

.

PaTiE .

, ,

.

,

.

,

.

.

POTENS PaTiE. ,

, /

. ,

28

- 1

. ,

.

,

. ,

.

.

.

.

.

.

"",

.

,

. ,

.

.

, ,

.

, ,

,

29

- 1

- , .

.

,

.

,

,

.

,

.

,

,

.

, "",

.

, .

.

- , .

: "

. , ,

, , .

.

,

, ".

,

.

.

,

, , .

30

- 1

,

.

.

,

.

, .

,

.

. ,

.

"" .

.

/

.

.

""

.

, .

,

15 .

. "" . o

31

- 1

,

.

.

:

, ,

, , , .. ,

. ,

: ,

, , .

,

.

,

.

,

. ,

,

.

, -

. ,

, . ,

,

,

, , ..

,

.

""

. : " - , ".

.

.

, . ,

,

32

- 1

.

.

"", - ,

.

.

PaTiE

.

, :

, ;

;

, ,

, ;

.

,

. ,

.

,

..

,

.

33

- 1

.

,

.

.

,

.

,

,

. ,

,

,

.

.

,

,

. ( 15 )

( 30 ), ,

.

.

,

,

- , . ,

,

. ,

- .

, .

.

34

- 1

, .

.

.

,

. ,

,

.

PaTiE

. , :

" " ;

;

;

Moreno . , ,

.

,

. ,

, .

. .

.

35

- 1

.

, ,

. PaTiE .

: ,

.

,

. ,

- , . , , ,

. ,

:

- - - - - ,

(.. ,

).

, .

, ,

/

. ,

.

- , . ,

, ,

.

, ,

,

.

36

- 1

.

PaTiE

. ,

:

, ;

;

;

" "

, , ,

.

,

.

.

- . ,

.

.

37

- 1

. ""

5.

,

.

15 30 .

,

.

. ,

, . / /

. ,

, .

, .

,

, .

/ ,

.

,

.

, ,

.

, , .

, , ,

,

.

- ,

.

,

. "",

"" .

38

- 1

,

PaTiE ,

:

()

;

.

. ,

39

- 1

. , . , , . , . . 6. , , . . 1 . : , , , , , , . , . : " , . , . , , , , ". , . , . , . , , , , . ,

40

- 1

. "" , . , . . , , , . . . . , . , .

,

.

:

;

;

;

.

.

41

- 1

-

,

.

,

, ,

.

"" 7.

. ,

.

( 30 ) ( 1 ),

, .

.

, ,

.

- .

.

.

,

.

,

. o -

.

.

.

42

- 1

PaTiE :

;

"" ;

;

,

.

/, ,

. ,

.

, 8.

"" ,

.

.

43

- 1

Path

.

PaTiE,

"". ,

, .

.

,

.

,

.. , , , ..

.

,

. ,

.

, .

.

,

. ,

.

"" .

. ,

,

.

.

.

44

- 1

,

.

.

.

.

,

. ,

. ,

. ,

.

,

,

/ .

.

.

45

- 1

-

;

; ;

;

;

;

,

;

46

- 1

Blatner, A. and Blatner, A. (1988). Foundations of Psychodrama History, Theory and Practice, New York: Springer Publishing Company

Dayton, T. (2004). The Living Stage: A Step-By-Step Guide to Psychodrama, Sociometry and Experiential Group Therapy. Deerfield Beach, FL: Health Communications

Goldman, E. and Morrison, D. (1984). Psychodrama: Experience and Process, Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt

Greenberg, I. (1994). Psychodrama Theory and Therapy, New York: Behavioural Publications

Fox, J (ed.) (1987). The essential Moreno: writings on psychodrama, group method, and spontaneity by Jacob Levy Moreno. New York: Springer Publishing Company

Hare, P.A. and Hare, J.R., (1996). J.L. Moreno, London: Sage Holmes, P. and Karp, M. (eds.) (1991). Psychodrama: Inspirations and Techniques, London:

Routlege Holmes, P., Karp, M. and Watson, M. (eds.) (1994). Psychodrama since Moreno, London:

Routlege Holmes, P., Karp, M. and Tauron, K. B. (eds.) (1998). The Handbook of Psychodrama,

London: Routlege Horvatin, T. & Schreiber, E. (eds.) (2006). The Quintessential Zerka: Writings by Zerka

Toeman Moreno on Psychodrama, Sociometry and Group Psychotherapy. London:

Routledge Marineau, R.F. (1989). Jacob Levy Moreno 1889-1974: father of psychodrama, sociometry,

and group psychotherapy. London: Routledge

Bielaska, A. (ed.) (2009). Psychodrama. Warszawa: ENETEIA Czapw, G., Cz. (1979). Psychodrama. Warszawa: PWN Michaowska D.A. (2008). Drama w edukacji. Pozna: Wyd. IF UAM Pawlik, J. (ed.) (2012). Psychodrama i techniki niewerbalne. Warszawa: ENETEIA Reichel G., Rabensteina R., Thanhoffer M. (1997). Grupa i ruch. Warszawa Roine E. (1999) Psychodrama. O tym, jak gra gwn rol w swoim yciu. Warszawa

47

- 2

Z

- 2

Leonardo Da Vinci -

48

- 2

............................................................................................................................................. 49

................................................................................................................................. 51

..................................................................................................................................................... 51

"T" ............................................................................................................................................................ 53 "" ....................................................................................................................................... 55 ........................................................................................................................................... 56 ......................................................................................................................... 59 .......................................................... 60 ....................................................................................................................................................... 60

1. -: Moreno (J.L.Moreno, 1993). ..... 60 2. -. ................................... 61

; ................................................................................................................ 62 ............................................................................................................................................. 64 . ......................................................................................................... 65 ................................................................................................... 66 ; ............................................................................................... 67 . ............................................................................................................... 68 FREUD , . .................................................... 69 JUNG . ....................................................................................................................................................................... 69 ARIETI : ............................................................ 70 HILLMAN : , , . ...................................................................... 71

.............................................................................................................................. 73

..................................................................................................................... 73 . ................................................................................................................................... 73 . .................................................................................................................................... 74 ......................................................................................... 75 . ...................................................................................................... 77 ................................................................................. 78 . ........................................................................................................................... 79 . ............................................................................................................................ 80

. ............................................................................................................................. 80 -. ................................................................................................................ 80 . ............................................................................................................... 81

. ............................................................................................................................ 83 ....................................................................................................... 84 ............................................................................................ 84

.................................................................................................................................... 85 .................................................................................................................................. 85 ................................................................................................................. 85 , ................................................................................................. 85 ............................................................................................................................................. 85 ........................................................................................................... 85 ......................................................................................................................................... 86 .................................................................................................................... 86 ..................................................................................................................................................... 86 ......................................................................................................... 87 .............................................................................................................................. 87 ............................................................................................................. 87 ............................................................................................................................................... 87 ........................................................................................................................................................ 87

49

- 2

............................................................................................................................................ 88 .............................................................................................................................. 88 ................................................................................. 88 ..................................................................................................... 88

................................................................................................................. 89 ...................................................................................................................... 89 ............................................................................................................... 89 ......................................................................................................................................... 89 .......................................................................................................................................... 90 .......................................................................................................................... 90 ............................................................................................................................... 90 .......................................................................................................................... 90 ....................................................................................................................................................... 90 ............................................................................................................................................... 91 ................................................................................................................................... 91 ........................................................................................................................................ 92 ................................................................................................................................ 92 ...................................................................................................................................................... 92 ................................................................................ 92 .......................................................................................................................... 92 ............................................................................................................................... 93 "" .......................................................................................... 93 .................................................................................................................................................... 93

. ...................................................................................... 93 ..................................................................................................................... 94 - .............................................................................................................................................. 94 ..................................................................................................................... 94 ............................................................................................................... 94 ...................................................................................................................... 95 ............................................................................................................................................... 95 .......................................................................................................... 95

............................................................................................................................................. 97

........................................................................................................................................ 97 ......................................................................................................................................... 99

50

- 2

""

. , Moreno .

, ,

.

( )

,

.

( ).

. , ,

, . , ,

. :

.

, ,

- , , , - .

, ,

, . , ,

,

, .

. , ""

,

(

51

- 2

)

.

.

'

. ,

,

. Moreno : . , .

, , [...]. ,

, .

.

: "

, ". (J. Moreno, 1980: 185-186).

,

, ,

.

.

.

.

,

. , . ,

,

,

""

. Moreno ,

,

.

(

52

- 2

), ( )

( ).

,

.

, ,

. ,

. , (Moreno, 1946, . 295).

, , :

,

,

, .

,

: ""

,

.

, ,

,

.

" " ( ).

,

. ,

, ,

, ,

.

,

.

"T"

"" (TELE) . ,

53

- 2

.

,

. "" transfert, -. Moreno

.

, ,

. , ,

.

Moreno (1947) : " , .

, , , , ,

, , , ,

."

Moreno, , , :

" ,

". ,

,

, ,

.

,

, Moreno (1953) "". "" "

". "" ,

, , " ,

"(Moreno 1947). "" .

,

"", :

"",

"".

, Moreno , :" , :

." (Moreno, 1953).

54

- 2

"" " ,

". ""

. Moreno .

,

, .

: .

- -, ,

. Moreno, : ,

.

""

Max Buber (1923), Moreno - ,

- . "" .

, "" , .

"" , - , ' -. "" , .

"" transfert, . "" transfert, . "" , transfert . transfert .

Moreno, , "", . ,

.

.

"", ,

. ,

55

- 2

.

G. Boria, , "" : , , . "", ,

, [...].

,

, (Boria, 1983, . 263).

,

, ,

.

transfert, . ,

. ,

,

.

, . transfert .

, , ,

, . ,

"",

-, .

. Moreno , .

,

. .

"[...]

, " (Moreno, 1940). :

, .

,

. , ,

56

- 2

. , Moreno , ( ),

. ,

,

.

. ,

,

, .

,

- - , . ,

.

,

.

,

. ,

, , :

,

, . .

, '

,

. ,

! [...]. , ,

:

" Seneca De tranquillitate animi ( ) : .

Erich Fromm (1941), , . " "

57

- 2

: , ""

"" .

.

,

. , ,

, ,

.

Moreno, . ,

, .

, .

,

. : ,

,

""

, sponte : . , ,

, , ,

.

, . , ,

, (Fromm, 1941) . Fromm Moreno -.

Moreno : ' , . , ,

. ,

"

". , "

58

- 2

".

,

.

' Moreno - (-)

. Moreno - " "(Moreno, 1940).

Moreno :

1.

2.

3.

4.

, ,

/ .

.

. Moreno , ,

.

,

.

, .

,

,

, . Moreno , ,

, .

( ), Moreno ,

59

- 2

(Moreno, 1980b, . 524). ,

.

/

.

,

.

,

. , Moreno : - .

"", .

, , /

,

. (

) (Moreno, 1987, 266 .).

1. -: Moreno (J.L.Moreno, 1993).

Moreno , - (-) .

Moreno , . ,

, ,

,

.

60

- 2

2. -.

,

, ,

.

,

, . ,

,

.

.

,

. ,

" " .

,

, - , ,

( ),

( ).

, ,

. ,

.

, - .

- . ,

,

. ,

, '

-.

.

,

Moreno . , , , ,

61

- 2

.

,

.

. , ,

.

Moreno :

, , , ,

.

, , , ,

.

,

.

(.. , , , )

, .

', ,

. ,

, ,

, .

-

.

.

-.

;

, ,

Moreno 1944. ,

.

62

- 2

,

. ,

.

"Personal Attitude Scale" (PAS; Collins, Kumar, Treadwell, &Leach, 1997) 58 Kellar PASS-II (Kellar, Treadwell, Kumar, &Leach, 2002) 66 . 6 : 1)

, 2) , 3) , 4)

, 5) , 6)

. (Kellar et al., 2002).

(SAI) Kipper Hundal (2005). ; 20

(: , , , ).

Likert 6 .

,

(Friedman, 1994) (Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg, &Jacobs, 1983), (Foa .. ., 2002) (TOS? Jones, Banicky, Pomar, &Lasane, 2004). Kipper Shemer (2007) SAI, SAI-R, 18 Likert 5 .

Moreno (Moreno, 1923, 1953). , Steitzel Hughey (1994) ,

. Maslow (1970) .

SAI-R

(Kipper, &Shemer, 2007).

63

- 2

O Moreno , -. . ,

.

.

,

(Liebmann, 2004). ,

,

(Liebmann, 2004? Rubin 1999).

(Bayam, &Dilbaz, 1999? Dokmen, 1994). , ,

. ,

.

. ,

. ,

,

, ,

,

(Ozcan .., 2011).

Umberto Eco (2004) 1.560.000

.

(...).

, ,

64

- 2

. ,

. '

,

.

,

- , , , - .

,

, , , - Flaubert - . ,

(Eco, 2004).

.

, ,

Giulford 1950.

, ,

.

,

.

, - 102

(Baas, DeDreu, Nijstad, 2008).

. , ,

, , , , ,

, , .

, ,

( ) ( ) (Posner, Russell, &Peterson, 2005).

, ,

, ,

, . , ,

. -

65

- 2

, ,

,

.

, ,

. ,

: , ,

. ,

,

.

, ,

, .

,

, ,

.

, .

,

-. .

,

.

, .

.

,

.

80

( . 3).

.

,

66

- 2

.

. , ,

, .

, ,

, ,

. .

, .

,

. ,

.

. ,

.

. ,

, ,

, ,

,

.

;

,

. Fast Company 10 , ""

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi.

: 1) , ,

, 2) , 3) - , 4) , 5) , 6)

, 7) ,

8) , 9)

10) .

Paul Torrence, Creng, 52 , : , , ,

, ,

67

- 2

, , , ,

, ,

.

Inc.com 7 yvindL.Martinsen : 1)

, 2)

, 3) , 4)

, 5)

, 6) ,

7) .

Copyblogger 11 ".

. , Robert Sternberg, , 120 IQ, ' , .

,

: (, , , ),

(, , , ), (,

, , )

,

.

.

,

Broca Wernicke .

.

. ,

, .

:

. ,

,

.

68

- 2

.

Freud , .

Sigmund Freud . Freud -

. ,

.

:

, , , ,

.

. ,

.

.

.

, Freud ,

.

.

.

Jung .

Karl Gustav Jung (1909 - 1961) , Freud. ,

. Jung, , . : , ,

,

.

. "" ,

69

- 2

, ,

. ,

. ,

.

(Animus / Soul, / , ...).

. , , '

.

, ,

. (, , ...)

, Animus (, ) .

, ,

.

Jung . "" ,

,

,

.

: Jung , , ,

,

.

.

.

, ,

, , ,

, .

Arieti :

Silvano Arieti : 70

- 2

,

, ,

.

Arieti (1976), , .

, , , ,

.

Arieti, , ,

, ,

.

, ,

.

, , , , ,

,

.

,

, .

,

(Rams, 1976).

Hillman : , , .

Jung James Hillman (1996), :

, , , .

Hillman , , .

,

, .

,

,

.

71

- 2

,

.

,

.

.

: , , . ,

. :

, ,

.

72

- 2

- , . ,

,

.

,

.

. - , ,

. ,

,

.

.

.

- paidia ludus-, Lemoine ( )

.

Roger Caillois, , -"Man, Play and Games"-, . ,

. , ludus , .

.

, , , ,

, , .

, .

,

73

- 2

. .

"(DiChiara, 2012).

.

Caillois (1958) ,

. ,

.

, , ,

, ,

.

.

:

:

:

:

: ,

:

.

: .

Caillois , paidia ludus :

Agon -

Alea- , . ,

, , .

- , , , ..

74

- 2

Ilinx - , , , rollercoasters ..

Caillois paidia ludus. , Agon - . Alea, , . ,

Ilinx . , ,

.

- , ,

,

.

, ,

,

. ,

,

,

,

. , , , ,

, ,

,

, .

, ,

.

Vygotsky (1972) ,

.

,

, . Piaget (1950, 1952, 1974) ,

, Vygotsky :

75

- 2

. Vygotsky ,

.

, , ,

. Piaget , Vygotsky : , ,

.

,

Bruner (1968) "", , .

,

. ""

. ,

. , ,

.

, ,

. Piaget : . , ,

.

, ,

. , , .

Bruner , ,

.

, .

,

,

.

,

.

C. Geertz (1973) ,

76

- 2

.

. ,

,

.

.

, . ,

.

, .

.

.

.

,

.

, ,

,

.

:

,

. Freud (1920) Ernst .

,

.

, .

Melanie Klein (1929), .

,

,

.

: ,

,

/ ,

,

.

77

- 2

D. Winnicott (1971). ,

.

,

, .

,

, "" , ,

.

Winnicott , " ". ,

,

, -,

, " ".

" " ,

. " "

, ,

.

: ,

.

" " ,

. Winnicott " " .

,

- . Winnicott, , - .

,

.

, ,

. ,

, , "" "".

.

, ""

78

- 2

. Johan Huizinga (1939) ".

, E.H.Erikson (1977) ,

. Erikson, .

.

,

, , , ,

, , .

.

, , Johan Huizinga (1939), .

. Huizinga, , .

, , ,

, .

Huizinga .

, .

,

, ,

.

,

. Huizinga Roger Caillois (1958), .

79

- 2

.

.

.

,

,

. ,

.

Piaget (1974), ,

. , - (0-2 ), , .

(2-6 ) .

.

Piaget, ,

.

Piaget, , . ,

-. ,

-, . Rubin, Fein Vandenberg (1983)

:

-. ,

,

,

. 12

80

- 2

:

.

.

"" , - - .

.

. 15 21 ,

,

, .

,

"".

. 2 3

: , .

.

,

( )

.

, ,

.

. 4-5 , , , .

.

6,

,

. ,

.

6 11 .

.

Caillois

81

- 2

Caillois (1958) , ,

: , , .

.

. , :

- (Agon - Alea)

- (Agon - )

- Vertigo (Agon - Ilinx)

- ( - )

- Vertigo ( - Ilinx)

- Vertigo ( - Ilinx)

Agon- M-Ilinx Caillois ,

. : -Ilinx Agon- .

,

.

,

.

.

"" .

'

, -. .

(

), ,

,

. Caillois , , Alea Agon. .

.

82

- 2

,

. .

Piaget, Caillois , ' . ,

- - Piaget .

.

,

.

-

.

.

,

, .

, ,

,

,

. .

, ,

-.

, , , .

,

.

.

, ,

,

.

. . ,

,

.

83

- 2

, , ,

.

. , , ,

.

.

"-" -.

, ,

, , .

/ ,

, , ... ,

.

,

.

,

,

.

: .

,

.

. ,

.

84

- 2

.

.

,

, .

.

. ,

.

, 4-5 .

,

.

.

,

. ,

, , .

,

, , , , ,

...

.

. ,

,

.

,

85

- 2

, ,

.

,

. ,

: , ,

.

,

.

, (.

),

.

.

,

, .

.

.

, , " " " ",

" " . ,

. ,

, .

. .

86

- 2

. ,

. , .

. ,

,

.

,

.

( )

.

, ,

,

.

.

,

.

.

.

...". , .

.

4-6 . 87

- 2

1. 10 / / ,

2. ( ).

3.

.

4. , ( , ).

5. .

6. .

(4-6 ). ( , 5 ) .

( " ").

, .

, .

, ,

: "

"..."

"..." "...... ,

, .

,

.

, :

, ...

.

.

88

- 2

:

.

,

.

,

.

( ).

( 1-12, ..). , .

.

, .

,

.

: .

: 15-30 , .

. .

.

,

. " " .

: , ,

, .

89

- 2

.

.

, , .

6 8

.

, , , , ,

, , ..

t , "" ,

.

.

.

, .

. .

. .

. .

,

, ( ,

, ).

.

90

- 2

.

1. 3 4 ,

.

2.

.

3.

10 .

4.

, .

5. 3

. ( /

).

6. ,

. :

,

, .

.

: ("

, , , ,

, ... ").

( 5 ).

,

.

.

,

.

. /

...", , , ,

.

91

- 2

.

,

.

,

.

,

: , , .

.

,

,

.

.

.

,

. -.

.

, .

.

. .

.

92

- 2

.

. .

. ,

.

""

. ""

, : "

, , ,

.... ""

,

. .

.

, .

.

. ,

, , , , ...

,

.

.

:

. , ,

.

93

- 2

,

, ,

. ,

.

, , "".

,

.

.

-

.

, "" "".

.

.

.

.

.

, ,

.

.

.

:

.

: , , ,

, .

.

- :

- :

94

- 2

- :

- :

- : .

.

.

,

.

.

( )

. . ""

: " ..." ( )

.

. ,

.

, .

""

,

.

. .

:

: ,

.

: ,

:

.

95

- 2

.

:

.

,

.

96

- 2

Arieti S. (1976) Creativity: the Magic Synthesis. New York: Basic Books. Trad. it.: (1979) Creativit. La sintesi magica. Roma: Il Pensiero Scientifico.

Baas, M., De Dreu, C. K. W., Nijstad B. A., (2008). A Meta-Analysis of 25 Years of Mood-Creativity Research: Hedonic Tone, Activation, or Regulatory Focus? Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 134, No. 6, 779-806

Bayam, G. Simsek, E, & Dilbaz N. (1999), Comparing empathic ability levels of three different vocation. Journal of Crises, 3 (12) pp. 182184.

Bruner J. S. 1968. Processes of Cognitive Growth: Infancy, It. tr.: Prime fasi dello sviluppo cognitivo, Roma, Armando, 1971.

Buber, M., (1923), Ich und Du, Rutten & Loening, Frankfurt, It. tr. (1958) Il principio dialogico, Milano: Comunit.

Caillois R.1958 Les Jeux et les Hommes Les Jeux et les hommes: le masque et le vertige (1958), Paris Gallimard trad.it. I giochi e gli uomini. La maschera e la vertigine, Milano: Bompiani, 1981.

Collins, L. A., Kumar, V. K., Treadwell, T. W., & Leach, E. S. (1997). The Personal Attitude Scale: A scale to measure spontaneity, International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, Psychodrama and Sociometry, 49, 147-156.

David A. Kipper Haim Shemer, The Revised Spontaneity Assessment Inventory (SAI-R): Spontaneity, Well-Being, and Stress (2007)

Dokmen,U.(1994). Okuma becerisi, ilgisi ve aliskanligi iizerine psiko-sosyal bir arastirma [A psycho-social research on reading skill, interest, and habit]. Istanbul: MEB Publications

Eco, U., (2004, Combinatoria della creativit, conference held in Florence for the Nobel Foundation, on September 15, 2004, retrieved on line 14/10/2014.

Einstein, A. (1975), Come io vedo il mondo, N.C. Roma, Secaucus, The Citadel Press, New Jersey.

Erikson, E. H. (1977). Toys and reasons: stages in the ritualization of experience; W. W. Norton & Company. Tr. It. (1981) I giocattoli del bambino e le ragioni dell'adulto, Roma: Armando.

Freud S., (1920). Al di l del principio di piacere, in Opere di Sigmund Freud (OSF) vol. 9. L'Io e l'Es e altri scritti 1917-1923, Torino, Bollati Boringhieri, 1986.

Friedman, P. H. (1994). Friedman Well Being Scale and professional manual. Redwood Fromm, E. (1941). The Fear of Freedom; It. tr.: Fuga dalla libert, Mondadori 1987. Geertz C. (1973) The Interpretation of Cultures. Basic Books. Interpretazione di culture,

Bologna: Il Mulino, 1987. Guilford, J. P. (1950). Creativity. American Psychologist, 5, 444-454. Hillman J. (1996) The Souls Code. It. tr. (1997). Il codice dellanima carattere, vocazione,

destino. Adelphi, Milano. Kellar, H., Treadwell, T. W., Kumar, V. K., & Leach, E. S. (2002). The Personal Attitude

Scale-II: A revised measure of spontaneity. International Journal of ActionbMethods, psychodrama, and Role Playing, 55, 35-46.

Kipper D. A., & Shemer H. (2007) The Revised Spontaneity Assessment Inventory (SAI-R): Spontaneity, Well-Being, and Stress 128 JGPPS-Fall 2006 128 JGPPS-Fall 2006 Heldref publications.

Kipper, D. A., & Hundal, J. (2005). The Spontaneity Assessment Inventory (SAI and the relationship between spontaneity and nonspontaneity. Journal of Group Psychotherapy,

97

- 2

Psychodrama, and Sociometry, 58, 119-129. Klein M. (1929). Personification in the Play of Children, Int. J. Psychoanal., 10:193-204. Liebmann, M. (2004). Art Therapy for Groups: A Handbook of Themes and Exercises. New

York: taylor and francies Group Martinsen, yvind. The construct of cognitive styles and its implications for creativity. High

Ability Studies 1997 ; Volume 8. p. 135-158 Maslow, A. H. (1970). Motivation and personality (2nd ed.). New York: Harper & Row. Moreno, J. L. (1923). Das stegreftheater (The theater of spontaneity). Postdam, Germany:

Verlag. Moreno, J. L. (1944). Spontaneity test and spontaneity training. Psychodrama and Group

Psychotherapy Monogram (whole No. 4). Beacon, NY: Beacon Press. Moreno, J. L. (1953). Who shall survive? Foundations of sociometry, group psychotherapy, and sociodrama. Beacon, NY: Beacon Press. Moreno, J. L. (1964). Psychodrama: Vol. I. Beacon, NY: Beacon Press. Moreno, J. L. (1964). Psychodrama: Vol. 1. Beacon, NY: Beacon. Ozcan N. K. Bilgin H, Eracar N. (2011). The Use of Expressive Methods for Developing

Empathic Skills Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2011; 32(2):131-6 Piaget J. (1974). Jeu et ralit , It. tr. Gioco e realt, Roma: Armando, Piaget J. 1950, Introduction l'pistmologie gntique. Tome I: La pense mathmatique,

PUF, Paris. Piaget J. 1950, Introduction l'pistmologie gntique. Tome II: La pense physique, PUF,

Paris. Piaget J. 1950, Introduction l'pistmologie gntique. Tome III: La pense biologique, la

pense psychologique et la pense sociale, PUF, Paris. Piaget J. 1952. Essai sur les transformations des oprations logiques: les 256 oprations

ternaires de la logique bivalente des propositions, PUF, Paris, Plsek P. E. 1996 Working Paper: Models for the Creative Process Retrived online

20/10/2014 http://www.directedcreativity.com/pages/WPModels.html Posner, J., Russell, J. A., & Peterson, B. S., (2005). The circumplex model of affect: An

integrative approach to affective neuroscience, cognitive development, and psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology,17, 71573

Rubin k. H, Fein G. G, Vandenberg B. (1983), Play, in P. H. Mussen (ed.), Handbook of child psychology, voI. 4: Socialization, personality, social development, edited by E. M. Hetherington. Wiley, New York.

Rubin, J. A. (1999) Art Therapy: An Introduction Psychology Press. Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushen, R., Vagg, P. R. & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). State-

Trait Anxiety Inventory for adults: Manual test and scoring key. Redwood City, CA: Mind Garden.

Steitzel, L. D., & Hughey, A. R. (1994). Empowerment through spontaneity: A taste of psychodrama. San Jose, CA: Associates for Community Interaction Press.

Sternberg, R. J. (1999). The theory of successful intelligence. Review of General Psychology, 3, 292-316.

Sternberg, R. J., & Grigorenko, E. L. (2000). Teaching for successful intelligence. Arlington Heights, IL: Skylight

Sternberg, R. J., Forsythe, G. B., Hedlund, J., Horvath, J., Snook, S., Williams, W. M., Wagner, R. K., & Grigorenko, E. L. (2000). Practical intelligence in everyday life. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Torrance, E. P. (1980). Growing Up Creatively Gifted: The 22-Year Longitudinal Study. The Creative Child and Adult Quarterly, 3, 148-158.

Torrance, E. P. (1981a). Predicting the creativity of elementary school children (1958 80) and the teacher who made a difference. Gifted Child Quarterly, 25, 55-62.

98

- 2

Torrance, E. P. (1981b). Empirical validation of criterionreferenced indicators of creative

ability through a longitudinal study. Creative Child and Adult Quarterly, 6, 136-140. Winnicott, D. W. (1971). Playing and Reality. London: Tavistock, It. tr. Gioco e realt, Roma:

Armando, 1974.

Boria G., 1997, Lo psicodramma classico, Milano, Franco Angeli. Caillois, R. (1958), I giochi e gli uomini: la maschera e la vertigine,

http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gioco - cite_ref-6; R. Caillois, I giochi e gli uomini, Bompiani, Di Chiara A. (2012), Paidia cenni per una filosofia dellesistenza come gioco. Il Ramo editore.

Huizinga J. (1939) Homo Ludens, It. tr. (1964), Homo ludens. Milano: Il Saggiatore. Jung C.G.( 1994). La psiche infantile. 1909-61 (1909-61), Torino: Bollati Boringhieri. Lemoine G. (1980) Il Gioco: giocare-godere, in Jouer Jouir, Atti dello Psicodramma, Anno

quinto, n1-2, Ubaldini editore, Roma,

Rosati, O. (2012). Interpretazione nel gioco e interpretazione del gioco in psicodramma. http://www.rivistapsicologianalitica.it/v2/pdf2/38-1988-discorso_inconscio/38-88-cap12_interpretazione.pdf

Seneca, L. A. (50) De tranquillitate animi, Caput XVII, retrieved on line 14/10/2014

http://www.senecana.it/pdf/de_tranquillitate_animi.pdf

Vygotsky L. S. 1972 Immaginazione e creativit nell'et infantile, Roma, Editori Riuniti, 1990 Further information Web links: http://www.stateofmind.it/2012/02/creativita-emozioni/ http://www.cre8ng.com/ http://www.fastcocreate.com/ http://www.copyblogger.com/ http://nuovoeutile.it/intelligenza-e-creativita-non-proprio-la-stessa-cosa/

99

- 3

- 3

Leonardo Da Vinci -

100

- 3

.............................................................................................................................. 102

........................................................................................................................................................... 102 .............................................................................................................................. 102 ......................................................................................................... 103

............................................................................................................................... 104

. ......................................................................... 105 ................................................................................................................................. 107 ........................................................................................................................................ 109 ............................................................................................................................................. 109 ............................................................................................................................................. 110 ............................................................................................................................................................ 111 ........................................................................................................................................................... 112 ............................................................................................................................................... 113 ........................................................................................................................................ 114 ......................................................................................................................................... 115

: - - - . ..................... 116 : --. ........................................................................................ 117 : . .............................................................................................. 119

& ................................................................................................ 120 ......................................................................... 123

............................................................................................................................ 125

. ............................................... 126 ........................................................................................................................................................ 129

............................................................................................................................................................... 130 20 ......................................................................................................................................... 130 ...................................................................................................................................................... 131 .................................................................................................................................................................. 132 ; ........................................................................................................................... 133 ........................................................................................................................................... 134 ............................................................................................................................................................ 135 ........................................................................................................................................... 136

: & ..................................................................................................... 137

........................................................................................................................................ 138 ................................................................................................................................ 138 ........................................................................................................................................... 139 ....................................................................................................................... 139

.............................................................................................................................................. 140

........................................................................................................................................... 142

...................................................................................................................................... 142 ................................................................................................................................... 142

101

- 3

:

.

, . ,

,

.

, ,

.

, ,

,

.

:

, ,

.

.

/

.

,

.

,

,

.

:

102

- 3

.

, .

.

, .

.

. ,

. , ,

.

. ,

.

.

.

,

,

,

.

.

.

. ,

.

,

.

.

103

- 3

.

- - . .

- , , , , , - . ,

. .

. , ,

.

.

, ,

, , ,

. ,

,

.

,

,

. ,

.

,

( - ).

. ,

, ,

.

: , ,

. .

104

- 3

.

, .

, - , ,

,

. ,

.

:

. . . . . . .

,

: ""

. ,

JL Moreno,

. ,

, .

,

, : - - .

.

, .

20

,

.

,

.

. 105

- 3

,

.

,

.

"" 20 (Steiner, 1974).

, , ,

,

(Shotola, 1992). Cooley ,

,

, "

" (1909, . 23). , Emile Durkheim (1897/1966)

,

,

, '' (Forsyth, 2006, 23.).

Durkheim (1897/1966)

,

,

. ,

.

,

, . Durkheim

Le Bon

,

. ,

,

""1 . Durkheim

.

, .

1895, Gustave Le Bon "Psychologie des

Foules ( ),

: " ,

,

"(1895/1960, . 23). O

1 groupmind 106

- 3

Gustave Le Bon ,

,

.

.

Le Bon.

,

(, 2001).

Le Bon , Norman

Triplett (1898), , ,

, .

Triplett 40

.

, ,

(Forsyth,

2006).

; ;

chat room ; ;

;

;

;

,

:

.

, ,

. , ,

, .

, ,

, ,

.

,

.

,

107

- 3

, .

,

. ,

.

:

.

,

. , , ,

(JM Levine & Moreland, 1995). , ,

, . ,

,

. ,

(, 1976). , , .

,

: . ,

,

.

.

, ,

.

.

, , 6

4 (A/B, A/C, A/D, B/C, B/D, and C/D),

12 66 ,

. ,

. , , ,

C, C B.

, .

,

(Granovetter,

1973).

108

- 3

, . ,

, .

, ,

,

, - , , , .

,

. ,

. , ,

.

,

.

,

.

.

,

. ,

.

. .

.

.

, ,

, .

,

. ,

109

- 3

.

,

.

: ,

.

, , ,

(Wageman, 2001).

, ,

.

. ,

. , ,

,

.

,

: ,

. , , :

,

( )

( ).

,

( ).

: , ,

, ,

.

110

- 3

, , ,

.

. ,

. ,

.