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CHOKE VALVES

1-9001 Series

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Different types of Choke Valves

Multistage - severe service Cage Orifice - fixed or

modulating

Service life (erosion control) Excellent Moderate Poor

Controllability Excellent Moderate Poor

Design Custom Off-the-shelf Off-the-shelf

Cv & trim sizes, Interchangeability Good Good Good

ΔP on the valve Very high Moderate to Low Low

Overall long term costs initial capital + maintenance Low Moderate High

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Multistage valves

P1

P2

How to avoid CAVITATION and EROSION

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LIMIPHON CHOKE VELOCITY CONTROL PROFILE

P1

V1

Inlet Outlet

V2

P2

VALVE

Pressure

Velocity

Flashpoint

Pv

InletPressure

InletVelocity

Outlet Velocity

Outlet Pressure

The Limi-choke valve eliminates problems resultingfrom excessive fluid velocities => erosion, noise,vibration.

The fluid velocities within the Limi-choke trimare typically 1/3 to 1/4 that of conventional singlestage chokes.

Why a Limiphon® for Choke application?

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1-9411(Angle Limiphon)

1-6962 (Globe Varistep)

1-9111(Globe Limiphon)

1-5765(PRDS)

1-4476(Atmospheric Vent)

3-9911(Vent Silencer)

1-9615(PRDS)

Severe service: the LimiphonTM solution

1-9711(Desuperheater)

1-5965(PRDS)

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The LimiphonTM solutionWorking principle

• Inside Limiphon trim the flow is split in a large number of parallel paths where pressure drop is spread over an appropriate number of small pressure drops

• Fluid velocity inside the trim is limited by the large number of stages• Cavitation is avoided and erosion phenomena are dramatically

reduced.

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The LimiphonTM solutionUncompressible Fluids: Cavitation/Erosion

228 210.2 192.4 174.6 156.8 139 121.2 103.4 85.6 67.8 50

Maximum velocity = 60 m/sErosion index = 2.16 · 108 kg/s³

Maximum velocity = 165 m/sErosion index = 4.5 · 109 kg/s³

Pressure profile inside a Limiphon Multistep Trim

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The LimiphonTM solutionCompressible Fluids: Noise/Erosion

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Flashing or outgassing phenomena occur when valve downstream pressure is lower than liquid vapor pressure or gas partial pressure. In some applications two or more phases (liquid and gas or vapor) are already present at valve inlet before pressure reduction.

Due to the low density of the gas fraction, very high velocity can be reached by the fluid stream inside valve trim, dragging high density liquid phase that can produce severe erosion damage to valve trim and valve body.

Particular attention, for similar considerations, must be payed to valve body and outlet connection sizing.

Velocity and Erosion Control on Mixed Phase Applications: flashing, outgassing or gas/liquid mixtures

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Erosion:High fluid velocity, with or without dragged particles, can produce severe erosion damageto valve trim and valve body.Entity of damages directly related to a big number of parameters such as:

• Fluid velocity (square dependent)• Fluid density• Presence of dragged solid inside the fluid• Presence of dragged liquid inside gas phase (mixed phase flow, flashing or outgassing)• Chemical compatibility between valve/trim and process fluid material• Trim material hardness• Trim material wear properties

At least all the above mentioned parameters, shall be taken in consideration, together withtrim geometry, for a correct evaluation of valve lifetime in presence of erosive fluid atelevated pressure drop.No unique limit value for fluid kinetic energy can therefore be assumed.

PARCOL Considerations

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Consequences when improper technology is employed

Poor Design

+ High velocity fluid

+

Solid Particles

+

High Differential Pressure

- Severe VibrationsMechanical failure

- Trim Erosion

- Body Erosion

Frequent plants shutdowns => Loss of production

Conventionalvs.

Choke Valve

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Why a Limiphon® for Choke application?

Gas field environment meanshigh wellhead pressures

aggressive fluids entrained sand and other solid particles

Conventional single stage choke valves

Limiphon® velocity control

Proper selection of materialsLimi-Choke

Long service life

Precise control

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Bolted BonnetEasy Maintenance

Drive train & Body sealsSuitable for high integrity toxicservices

Pressure Balancing Seals(with scraper)- Reduces thrusts=> smaller

and more precise actuator/handwheel

- Keep solids out of sealingareas

Limiphon® Trim - VELOCITY CONTROL + PROPER

MATERIALS for EROSION RESISTANCE- LARGE FLOW PASSAGES to HANDLE DIRTY

PARTICLES (SELF-CLEANING DESIGN)

Venturi SeatIt flows smoothly into valve outlet and piping

In-Built SilencerTo reduce eventual vibrations to the out pipe – if necessary

Limi-Choke main features

Splined connectionBetween Stem and Plug (in case of different materials involved) to avoid thermal stresses

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Materials for pressure containing parts:• Carbon steel (AISI 4130 for the majority of applications)• Low alloy steels (F22 or similar for the majority of applications)• Stainless steels (Duplex SS for the majority of applications)• Solid Inconel 625 • Inconel 625 inlay

Limi-Choke selection of materials

for high H2S content

Materials for trim:• Inconel 718 hardened• Hardened steels (Duplex, 17-4 PH, surface hardened F6NM)• Solid Tungsten Carbide (for the most severe applications)

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Limiphon trim – construction technologiesLaser cut metal sheets’ Limiphon discs stack

Additive manufacturing technology, solid Inconel 718 Limiphon trim

Solid Tungsten Carbide sintered, Limiphon trim

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Grades:Different grades are availableaccording to service severityand process fluid charactersitics

Properties: Good compressive strengthExcellent against erosion & abrasionLow thermal expansionCompatible with: sour natural gas, oil, sand, produced water

Solid Tungsten Carbide Limi-Choke trim

HardnessCobalt content ↓↓Grain size ↓↓

ToughnessCobalt content ↑↑Grain size ↑↑

Transverserupture strengthCobalt content ↑↑Grain size ↓↓

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PARCOL Standard Performance Data

Pressure Ratings API 3 000 to API 20 000

Standard Quality Level API 6A PSL 1

Optional Quality Levels PSL 2 to 4 and NACE MR0175

Standard PR (Performance Requirement) PR 1

Optional PR (Performance Requirement) PR 2

Standard Temperature Ratings All Classes from K to Y

Standard Material Classes All API 6A Classes from AA to HH

Valve Characteristic Modified Linear

Std Shut-Off Class ANSI/FCI Class V

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Some examples of our installations

SU TU TRANG FULL FIELD VIETNAM GAS INJECTION CHOKE4 1/16” API 10.000

PETROBEL EGYPT BELAYIM PETROLEUM GAS INJECTION CHOKE4 1/16” API 5.000

NORTH CASPIAN OPERATING GAS INJECTION CHOKE4 1/16” X 7 1/16”API 15.000

GAS DU CAMEROUNPRODUCTION CHOKE4 1/16” API 10.000

PETROBEL EGYPT NIDOCO NORTH WESTGAS INJECTION CHOKE7 1/16” API 5.000

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VALVE DATASHEETMODEL 1-9111

BODY SIZE 4 1/16 "PORT SIZE 65 mmSTROKE 76 mmRATING API 10.000

LEAKAGE CLASS V (to FCI 70-2)CONNECTION 6BX

ACTUATOR TYPE PARCOL PNEUMATIC DIAPHRAGM

SHUT-OFF PRESS 590 BarPROCESS MEDIA GAS with solid content

WORST PROCESS CONDITION From 525 Bar-g to 92 Bar-gRATED CV 20

PSL 3GPR 1

TEMPERATURE RATING XMATERIAL CLASS EE

SU TU TRANG FULL FIELD (VIETNAM) – GAS INJECTION

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VALVE DATASHEETMODEL 1-9641

BODY SIZE 4 1/16" x 7 1/16"PORT SIZE 58,5STROKE 76 mmRATING API 15.000

LEAKAGE CLASS V (to FCI 70-2)CONNECTION 6BX

ACTUATOR TYPE PARCOL PNEUMATIC DIAPHRAGM

SHUT-OFF PRESS 830 BarPROCESS MEDIA Gas with solid content

WORST PROCESS CONDITION From 830 Bar-g to 70 Bar-gRATED CV 28

PSL 4PR 2

TEMPERATURE RATING VMATERIAL CLASS EE

North Caspian Operating Company N.V. – GAS INJECTION

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VALVE DATASHEETMODEL 1-9411

BODY SIZE 4 1/16"PORT SIZE 64STROKE 60 mmRATING API 5.000

LEAKAGE CLASS V (to FCI 70-2)CONNECTION 6B

ACTUATOR TYPE BEVEL GEAR HANDWWEELSHUT-OFF PRESS 350 BarPROCESS MEDIA Gas with solid content

WORST PROCESS CONDITION From 240 Bar-g to 85 Bar-gRATED CV 55

PSL 2PR 1

TEMPERATURE RATING UMATERIAL CLASS EE

PETROBEL BELAYIM PETROLEUM – GAS INJECTION

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VALVE DATASHEETMODEL 1-9611

BODY SIZE 4 1/16"PORT SIZE 37,5STROKE 45 mmRATING API 10.000

LEAKAGE CLASS V (to FCI 70-2)CONNECTION 6BX

ACTUATOR TYPE AUMA SAREXSHUT-OFF PRESS 482 BarPROCESS MEDIA Hydrocarbon

WORST PROCESS CONDITION From 450 Bar-g to 188 Bar-gRATED CV 7,25

PSL 1PR 1

TEMPERATURE RATING UMATERIAL CLASS EE

DISTRIBUTION NOW – GAZ DU CAMEROUN – PRODUCTION INJECTION

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VALVE DATASHEETMODEL 1-9411

BODY SIZE 7 1/16"PORT SIZE 4"STROKE 76 mmRATING API 5.000

LEAKAGE CLASS V (to FCI 70-2)CONNECTION 6B

ACTUATOR TYPE BEVEL GEAR HANDWWEELSHUT-OFF PRESS 345 BarPROCESS MEDIA Gas Sour

WORST PROCESS CONDITION From 150 Bar-g to 80 Bar-gRATED CV 145

PSL 1PR 1

TEMPERATURE RATING UMATERIAL CLASS HH

PETROBEL NIDOCO NORTH WEST – GAS INJECTION