Origins of Imaging Science › info › HighSchool › pdf › history.pdf · Origins of Imaging...

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Origins of Imaging Science

Transcript of Origins of Imaging Science › info › HighSchool › pdf › history.pdf · Origins of Imaging...

Page 1: Origins of Imaging Science › info › HighSchool › pdf › history.pdf · Origins of Imaging Science. Imaging Science Fundamentals Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science

Origins of ImagingScience

Page 2: Origins of Imaging Science › info › HighSchool › pdf › history.pdf · Origins of Imaging Science. Imaging Science Fundamentals Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science

Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging ScienceImaging Science Fundamentals

Images and our HumanIdentity

α The need to makeimages seems tobe an intrinsicattribute of thehuman species.

Australian Bush Man

Page 3: Origins of Imaging Science › info › HighSchool › pdf › history.pdf · Origins of Imaging Science. Imaging Science Fundamentals Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science

Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging ScienceImaging Science Fundamentals

The Classical Period -Roman

α Roman ideal of reality wasthat which one can seeand feel.

α Virtual Reality issomething that looks real,but is an idealization

α Mimetic Reality issomething that is a“mime” of the worldlyreality, or a 1-to-1mapping from the physicalworld.

Emperor Vespasian, Roman, 70 AD

Page 4: Origins of Imaging Science › info › HighSchool › pdf › history.pdf · Origins of Imaging Science. Imaging Science Fundamentals Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science

Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging ScienceImaging Science Fundamentals

The Classical Period - Greek

α Flat works from theclassical period showthe same technicalskill at portrayingreality.

Fresco (colorants in plaster)

Page 5: Origins of Imaging Science › info › HighSchool › pdf › history.pdf · Origins of Imaging Science. Imaging Science Fundamentals Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science

Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging ScienceImaging Science Fundamentals

The Classical Period -Egyptian

α Painting on asarcophagus.

α Mixture of mimeticand virtual reality.

Page 6: Origins of Imaging Science › info › HighSchool › pdf › history.pdf · Origins of Imaging Science. Imaging Science Fundamentals Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science

Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging ScienceImaging Science Fundamentals

Pre-contact Peruvian

α The skills and thetechnical knowledgerequired to controlimage makingmaterials was notunique to Europe.

Page 7: Origins of Imaging Science › info › HighSchool › pdf › history.pdf · Origins of Imaging Science. Imaging Science Fundamentals Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science

Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging ScienceImaging Science Fundamentals

The Camera Obscura

α Aristotle (384-322 BCE) described theprinciple of the Camera Obscura (Latin fordark room).

α Smaller holes produced sharper images.

Page 8: Origins of Imaging Science › info › HighSchool › pdf › history.pdf · Origins of Imaging Science. Imaging Science Fundamentals Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science

Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging ScienceImaging Science Fundamentals

Galileo Galilei (1564 - 1642)α Galileo helped

revolutionize science,during the earlyRenaissance

α He used some of thefirst telescopes to makefundamental discoveriesabout the nature of thesolar system.

α Many of his claims - forex., that the Earthorbited the Sun - werecontroversial, to thepoint where he wasexcommunicated fromthe Catholic Church

Page 9: Origins of Imaging Science › info › HighSchool › pdf › history.pdf · Origins of Imaging Science. Imaging Science Fundamentals Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science

Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging ScienceImaging Science Fundamentals

Galileo’s drawingsSunspots Phases of the Moon

Phases of Venus

Page 10: Origins of Imaging Science › info › HighSchool › pdf › history.pdf · Origins of Imaging Science. Imaging Science Fundamentals Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science

Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging ScienceImaging Science Fundamentals

Isaac Newton (1642 - 1727)

α Newton is credited forinventing calculus,mechanics, and optics.

α His advances in opticsmade some of theearliest and mostevident advances inimaging science.

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Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging ScienceImaging Science Fundamentals

The Magic Mirror

α By Newton’s death in the early 18th century, image makers wereusing optical systems of lenses and mirrors to collect imagesand to cast them where desired.

Page 12: Origins of Imaging Science › info › HighSchool › pdf › history.pdf · Origins of Imaging Science. Imaging Science Fundamentals Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science

Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging ScienceImaging Science Fundamentals

Joseph Niepce

α Niepce was the first tocapture a permanentimage in a cameraobscura by usingchemistry.

Page 13: Origins of Imaging Science › info › HighSchool › pdf › history.pdf · Origins of Imaging Science. Imaging Science Fundamentals Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science

Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging ScienceImaging Science Fundamentals

First Successful Photograph:1826

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Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging ScienceImaging Science Fundamentals

“Moon”, 1851 Daguerreotype

α Astronomers could nowshow their colleagueswhat they had seen intheir telescopes, thanksto advances in imagingtechnology.

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Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging ScienceImaging Science Fundamentals

Daguerreotype of LouisDaguerre

α The photographicprocess developed byLouis Daguerre was thefirst commerciallysuccessful photographicprocess.

Page 16: Origins of Imaging Science › info › HighSchool › pdf › history.pdf · Origins of Imaging Science. Imaging Science Fundamentals Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science

Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging ScienceImaging Science Fundamentals

Lincoln Daguerreotype

α There are other formsof reality that areimportant to show,which may not show upin the mimetic image ofa photograph.

Page 17: Origins of Imaging Science › info › HighSchool › pdf › history.pdf · Origins of Imaging Science. Imaging Science Fundamentals Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science

Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging ScienceImaging Science Fundamentals

The Hand of Mrs. WilhelmConrad Roentgen, 1896

α Roentgen made the first X-ray images.

Page 18: Origins of Imaging Science › info › HighSchool › pdf › history.pdf · Origins of Imaging Science. Imaging Science Fundamentals Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science

Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging ScienceImaging Science Fundamentals

First aerostaticphotographyFelix Nadar

1858

Paris byBalloon

Arc d’Triumphe

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Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging ScienceImaging Science Fundamentals

October 13, 1860James Wallace Black

BostonbyBalloon

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Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging ScienceImaging Science Fundamentals

Cloud Motion

First operational electro-optical imaging satellite

TIROS 1960

Photographs frommanned space

program

Page 21: Origins of Imaging Science › info › HighSchool › pdf › history.pdf · Origins of Imaging Science. Imaging Science Fundamentals Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science

Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging ScienceImaging Science Fundamentals

Landsat: Imagingthe Earth Rochester area

true color visible light false color infrared

Page 22: Origins of Imaging Science › info › HighSchool › pdf › history.pdf · Origins of Imaging Science. Imaging Science Fundamentals Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science

Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging ScienceImaging Science Fundamentals

Astronomy: Ever-Bigger Ground-basedOptical Telescopes

α Largest telescopes inuse or underconstruction:λ 10 meter Keck (Mauna

Kea, Hawaii)λ 8 meter Subaru

(Mauna Kea)λ 8 meter Gemini

(Mauna Kea & CerroPachon, Chile)

λ 6.5 meter Mt. Hopkins(Arizona)

λ 5 meter Mt. Palomar(California)

λ 4 meter NOAO (KittPeak, AZ & CerroTololo, Chile)

Summit of Mauna Kea, with Maui in background

Kecktelescope

mirror(note

person)

Page 23: Origins of Imaging Science › info › HighSchool › pdf › history.pdf · Origins of Imaging Science. Imaging Science Fundamentals Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science

Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging ScienceImaging Science Fundamentals

Radio Telescopesα Since wavelength of interest is longer, must

increase telescope aperture to achieve goodangular resolutionλ alternative is to use an array of radio telescopes

VeryLargeArray,New

Mexico

Page 24: Origins of Imaging Science › info › HighSchool › pdf › history.pdf · Origins of Imaging Science. Imaging Science Fundamentals Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science

Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging ScienceImaging Science Fundamentals

IR Astronomy from Spaceα Helps to go into space, or at least above

the bulk of the atmosphere

SIRTF: NASA’s Space Infrared Telescope Facility

SOFIA: NASA’s Stratospheric Observatory for IR Astronomy

Page 25: Origins of Imaging Science › info › HighSchool › pdf › history.pdf · Origins of Imaging Science. Imaging Science Fundamentals Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science

Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging ScienceImaging Science Fundamentals

X-ray Telescopes

α Must go aboveatmosphere todetect celestial

objects! (X-rays are

absorbed byEarth’s

atmosphere)Chandra is in high

Earth orbit