Optics in Denmark 1999: DOPS white bookold.dops.dk/pictures/pdf/dops_whitebook_99.pdf · 2011. 7....

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Cover The front cover shows excerpts of the diversivity of the optics community in Denmark. Starting from the top left corner and counter- clockwise, the cover contains: (a) a three-dimensional intensity profile of soliton deflection in a χ (2) bulk crystal (Dept. of Mathemat- ical Modeling, DTU, page 17); (b) cleanroom facilities at GiGA A/S, page 21; (c) fiber lasers based on fiber Bragg grating technol- ogy and integrated planar waveguide devices based on Silica-on-Silicon technology (IONAS A/S, page 27); and (d) the posterior inside of the human eye (fundus oculi) imaged by conventional optics (above) and optical coherence tomography (OCT, below). To the left a healthy subject and to the right a patient seen 15 years after complete surgical removal of her right optic nerve, which was infiltrated by a malignant tumor (Dept. of Ophthalmology, Herlev Hospital, page 18). Optics in Denmark 1999: DOPS white book DOPS white book DOPS white book DOPS white book DOPS white book

Transcript of Optics in Denmark 1999: DOPS white bookold.dops.dk/pictures/pdf/dops_whitebook_99.pdf · 2011. 7....

CoverThe front cover shows excerpts of the diversivity of the optics community in Denmark. Starting from the top left corner and counter-clockwise, the cover contains: (a) a three-dimensional intensity profile of soliton deflection in a χ(2) bulk crystal (Dept. of Mathemat-ical Modeling, DTU, page 17); (b) cleanroom facilities at GiGA A/S, page 21; (c) fiber lasers based on fiber Bragg grating technol-ogy and integrated planar waveguide devices based on Silica-on-Silicon technology (IONAS A/S, page 27); and (d) the posteriorinside of the human eye (fundus oculi) imaged by conventional optics (above) and optical coherence tomography (OCT, below). Tothe left a healthy subject and to the right a patient seen 15 years after complete surgical removal of her right optic nerve, which wasinfiltrated by a malignant tumor (Dept. of Ophthalmology, Herlev Hospital, page 18).

Optics in Denmark 1999:

DOPS white bookDOPS white bookDOPS white bookDOPS white bookDOPS white book

DOPS white book

Introduction to Optics in Denmark 1999

AASAH Medico A/S ....................................................................................................................................................... 5

Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Ørsted LaboratoryUniversity of Copenhagen ............................................................................................................................................ 6

BBang & Olufsen Medicom A/S ..................................................................................................................................... 6

BFI Optilas A/S ............................................................................................................................................................ 7

BBT ............................................................................................................................................................................... 7

BBT Benny Larsen ApS ............................................................................................................................................... 8

CCenter for Biomedical Optics BIOP,Risø National Laboratory ............................................................................................................................................. 9

Condensed Matter Physics and Chemistry Department,Risø National Laboratory ........................................................................................................................................... 10

DDanfoss A/S ............................................................................................................................................................... 10

Danmarks Radio ........................................................................................................................................................ 11

Danish Defense Research Establishment ................................................................................................................... 11

Danish Institute of Fundamental Metrology ............................................................................................................... 12

Danish Meat Research Institute .................................................................................................................................. 13

Danish Micro Engineering A/S .................................................................................................................................. 13

Dantec Measurement Technology A/S ....................................................................................................................... 14

DELTA Light & Optics ............................................................................................................................................... 15

Department of Chemistry,University of Aarhus ................................................................................................................................................... 15

Department of Dermatology, Marselisborg HospitalUniversity of Aarhus ................................................................................................................................................... 16

Department of Manufacturing Engineering,Technical University of Denmark ............................................................................................................................... 17

Department of Mathematical Modelling,Technical University of Denmark ............................................................................................................................... 17

Department of Ophthalmology, Herlev HospitalUniversity of Copenhagen .......................................................................................................................................... 18

FFerroperm Optics A/S ................................................................................................................................................. 19

Force Institute ............................................................................................................................................................. 19

Foss Electric A/S ....................................................................................................................................................... 20

GGiGA A/S .................................................................................................................................................................... 21

Optics in Denmark 1999

Index

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 2

HHamamatsu Photonics Danmark ................................................................................................................................ 22

IIBSEN Micro Structures A/S ...................................................................................................................................... 23

Institute of Applied Physics,Odense University ...................................................................................................................................................... 24

Institute of Physics,Aalborg University ..................................................................................................................................................... 25

Institute of Physics and Astronomy,University of Aarhus ................................................................................................................................................... 26

IONAS A/S ................................................................................................................................................................. 27

LLaser Interface Aps ..................................................................................................................................................... 28

Lucent Technologies Denmark A/S ............................................................................................................................ 28

MMartin Professional A/S.............................................................................................................................................. 29

Melles Griot Danmark ................................................................................................................................................ 30

NNordic Laser Systems Ltd .......................................................................................................................................... 30

OOptical diagnostics and information processing,Risø National Laboratory ........................................................................................................................................... 31

Optical Materials,Risø National Laboratory ........................................................................................................................................... 32

OptoTel A/S ................................................................................................................................................................ 33

PPlasma physics and Fluid Dynamics,Risø National Laboratory ........................................................................................................................................... 34

Purup-Eskofot A/S (Lystrup) ...................................................................................................................................... 34

Purup-Eskofot A/S (Ballerup) .................................................................................................................................... 35

RRadiometer Medical A/S ............................................................................................................................................ 36

Research Center COM ................................................................................................................................................ 36

SSDC Dandisk A/S ....................................................................................................................................................... 37

Sensor Technology Center A/S ................................................................................................................................... 37

SolData Denmark ....................................................................................................................................................... 38

Stensborg ApS ............................................................................................................................................................ 38

TThe Optics Group, Department of Physics,Technical University of Denmark ............................................................................................................................... 39

Education in Optics

Aalborg University ..................................................................................................................................................... 40

Odense University ...................................................................................................................................................... 41

Technical University of Denmark ............................................................................................................................... 42

University of Aarhus ................................................................................................................................................... 44

University of Copenhagen .......................................................................................................................................... 45

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 3

Welcome to

Optics in Denmark 1999

Paul Michael PetersenEditor-in-Chief, Danish Optical Society

On behalf of the editorial committee of DOPS-NYT I wouldlike to welcome you to this special issue on �Optics in Denmark1999�. In 1996, the Danish Optical Society published a whitebook, �Optics in Denmark�, which describes the most impor-tant research institutions, universities, and companies workingwith optics in Denmark. The white book from 1996 furthermorecontains a description of the Danish educational activities inoptics.

In the present issue of �Optics in Denmark 1999� we have up-dated the white book from 1996 with the most recent data fromthe Danish research institutions, universities, and companies.Moreover, a description of the education in optics at the Danishuniversities is given at the end of �Optics in Denmark 1999�.

Danish initiatives in opticsDuring the past ten years many new Danish initiatives in opticshave been established. Denmark now has significant activitieswithin the following areas:

! information technology,

! telecommunication,

! materials research,

! materials processing,

! manufacturing of optical components,

! manufacturing of laser systems,

! biomedical optics,

! biotechnology,

! optical sensors,

! the food industry,

! the printing industry,

! optics in national defense.

The optical information industry is growing tremendously fastworldwide and optics is now the chosen technology for trans-mission of information over long distances. Semiconductor la-sers, optical fibers and optical amplifiers play a key role in thistechnology. Denmark has a strong tradition for research and de-velopment in optical communication and materials. In 1998, aresearch center for communication, optics and materials (COM)was founded at the Technical University of Denmark with theaim of strengthening education and research in optics and com-munication.

Biomedical optics is a relatively new field that is experiencingremarkable growth worldwide. Non-invasive measurements canbe performed optically, a fact that paves the way for completelynew and improved diagnostic methods, which may replace theuse of ionizing radiation at national as well as international hos-pitals. In 1999 a new Danish initiative in biomedical optics, theBIOP center, was formed. In the BIOP center engineers, physi-cists, chemists, and physicians collaborate on the development

of new biomedical applications based on the most recent progressin lasers and optical measurement techniques. Two research in-stitutions, two hospitals, and four commercial companies par-ticipate in the collaboration.

The materials processing technology with lasers is well estab-lished in Denmark. Laser cutting, drilling, and welding are usedat several Danish companies. Photolithography plays an essen-tial role in integrated circuit processing and in the production ofholographic optical elements. Finally, the printing industry, in-cluding manufacturers of commercial printing equipment withlasers, has a strong position in Denmark.

Hence, the Danish optics community encompasses such diverseareas as basic research, applied research and development, man-ufacturing and sales. To maintain our high research level and tocontinously increase the volume of Danish high-tech compa-nies, increased interdisciplinary collaboration is necesary. More-over, this will further increase areas and applications in whichoptics is used, and attract more students to the field of optics.

The Danish educational program in opticsThe Danish educational programs at advanced levels in opticstake place at the Technical University of Denmark, AalborgUniversity, University of Aarhus, Copenhagen University, andOdense University. The specific university courses in optics in-clude the following areas:

! introduction to optics,

! Fourier optics and holography,

! laser techniques and laser physics,

! semiconductor optoelectronics,

! optical communication and systems for opticalcommunication,

! optical design,

! quantum optics,

! semiconductor optical devices,

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 4

ASAH Medico A/S

Mailing addressValseholmen 11�13DK-2650 Hvidovre

Tel. +45 3634 2300

Fax +45 3634 2323

Contact personMorten Bruun-Larsen

ProfileNumber of employees in:

1995: 15 1997: 18 1999: 22

Patent applications during the last five years: 4

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 2

Main activities in opticsOngoing optical R&D projects comprise adaptation of an opti-cal scanner system for use with other �medical� laser wave-lengths, incorporation of semiconductor lasers with higher out-put powers (currently up to 100 W), and solid-state laser- andOPO-technology.

Commercial productsLaser equipment for therapeutical, dermatological and surgicalapplications. The commercial laser products are CO

2 and semi-

conductor lasers. An optical scanner system extends the treat-ment capabilities of both the CO

2 and the diode lasers.

! fiber and integrated optics,

! nonlinear optics,

! biomedical optics,

! optical materials,

! laser chemistry,

! advanced molecular spectroscopy,

! femtosecond studies of molecules, atoms, liquids,and solids.

Although a complete education in optics is not available at asingle Danish university, it is clearly seen from the list abovethat it can be obtained by combining optical courses from differ-ent universities. There is definitely a need for better coordina-tion between the educational programs at different universitiesand I strongly recommend the scientific communities at the Dan-ish universities to work for such coordination of the educationalactivities in Denmark. Furthermore, I recommend students withinterest in optics to use the guide in �Optics in Denmark 1999�to obtain an advanced and useful education in optics by combin-ing courses at different universities. Now and in the coming yearsDanish industry will have jobs available for graduates with a

competent education in optics. Education in optics at the Danishuniversities is extremely important for Danish industry and forthe future of the Danish optics community.

�Optics in Denmark 1999� will be distributed to internationalpress bureaux, Danish research institutions, universities, andDanish companies with special interest in optics. It is also avail-able online at the homepage of the Danish Optical Society at theInternet address http://www.dops.dk. In contrast to the previousversion �Optics in Denmark� from 1996, the new version is inEnglish. It will allow researchers from other parts of the Worldto gain insight in the optical activities that take place in Den-mark.

In all sincerity, it is my hope that thisissue of �Optics in Denmark 1999�willstimulate collaboration between theoptical community in Denmark and op-tical communities in other countries.

Paul Michael [email protected]

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 5

Atomic, Molecular and OpticalPhysics, Ørsted LaboratoryUniversity of Copenhagen

Mailing addressUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 5DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø

Tel. +45 3532 0438

Fax +45 3532 0460

Web http://ntserv.fys.ku.dk/lab_default/

Contact personsJan W. Thomsene-mail: [email protected]

Winnie Svendsene-mail: [email protected]

Kirstine Berg-Sørensene-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1998/1999

Number of employees in:

1995: N/A 1997: N/A 1999: 13

Patent applications during the last five years: 0

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 3

Main activities in opticsA project in physics and applications of cold atoms is under con-struction. The setup involves second harmonic generation of sin-gle mode laser light in BBO and LBO crystals. The light is usedto cool and probe slow magnesium atoms. In collaboration withDFM we investigate the possibilities of using cold Mg atoms asan optical frequency standard.

A project producing hyperpolarized gasses and studying the pro-cesses involved in Spin Exchange Optical Pumping (SEOP) ofnoble gasses by use of alkali metals has been initiated. The hy-perpolarized gasses will be available for research in medical,biological, neutron and surface science.

A project in biological physics involving the setup and use of anoptical tweezer system has been initiated in early 1999. The twee-zers can be used to manipulate microscopic objects, possiblyattached to macromolecules of biological interest.

Bang & Olufsen Medicom A/S

Mailing addressBødkervej 2DK-7600 Struer

Tel. +45 96 84 41 00

Fax +45 96 84 41 01

Web http://www.bang-olufsen.com

Contact personPaul Erik Fabriciuse-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1990

Number of employees in:

1995: 8 1997: 6 1999: 4

Patent applications during the last five years: 3

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 4

Main activities in opticsThe optical activities at Bang & Olufsen Medicom A/S are tar-geted towards medical diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy.

The basic competencies are optical interaction with scatteringmedia, e.g., tissue, blood, body fluids or immuno complexes.This includes definition of optical model systems, simulation oflight propagation, design, and construction of optical measure-ment systems, experimental design of clinical studies and dataanalysis of experiments.

We use spectroscopic methods, multiple wavelengths LED orLD based probes with variable spatial detection, integrated spheremeasurements and angular goniometer detection.

The optical expertise is supported by high electronic integration(thick film, bonding and ASICs), advanced signal processing(AGC, modulated light sources, DSP technology) and advanceddata analysis.

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 6

BFI OPTILAS A/S

Mailing addressHedelykkeHovedgaden 451 KDK-2640 Hedehusene

Tel. +45 4655 9999

Fax +45 4655 9998

Web http://www.bfioptilas.avnet.com

Contact personMichael Lundemail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1992

Number of employees in:

1995: 2 1997: 3 1999: 9

Patent applications during the last five years: 0

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 0

Main activities in opticsBFI OPTILAS, an AVNET company, is a pan-European distrib-utor of specialist products and services to the market. The BFIOPTILAS mission is to be the preferred sales channel partner of

BBT

Mailing addressesBBT Instrumenter ApsEricaparken 23DK-2820 Gentofte

Tel. +45 3955 1075

Fax +45 3955 1076

Web http://www.bbt-instrumenter.dk

BBT Svenska ABTäpgatan 11AS-151 33 Södertälje, Sverige

Tel. +46 8 550 104 03

Fax +46 550 127 26

Contact personBent Tjelume-mail: [email protected]

both our suppliers and our end-user customers, with long-termworking relationships based upon cooperation and trust. To thisend, we provide a consistently high level of value-added salesand marketing services. These services include expert designengineering support for technology-driven new projects and pro-grams, as well as in-depth stocking at two European Hubs.

Commercial productsBFI OPTILAS is currently a specialist for the following producttechnology and service areas:

! fiber-optic components and systems,

! lasers, laser optics and laser systems (industrial andscientific),

! optical measurement, spectroscopy and surface analysissystems,

! imaging and detection systems,

! instrumentation and test & measurement equipment forelectrical and optical systems,

! optical components and detectors.

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1979

Number of employees in:

1995: 12 1997: 12 1999: 12

Patent applications during the last five years: 2

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 0

Main activities in opticsBBT Instrumenter Aps established in 1979 is part of the BBTgroup of companies involved with distribution of equipment,systems and components for research and development in theNordic countries representing the leading manufacturers and sup-pliers.

Participant in two EU-Research & Development projects:

A. NIR-Diode Laser System for Infrared Spectroscopy togetherwith the following partners:

Advanced Photonics Systems Gmbh, Berlin, Scientific Engineer-ing Center for Microelectronics-Russia Academy of Science, St.Petersburg, Russia, Vilnius University, Department of QuantumElectronics, Lithuania, and Lasing S.A. Madrid, Spain.

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 7

B. LIBSGRAIN, Remote Elemental Analysis of Materials at HighTemperature using Pulsed Laser, together with following part-ners:

Progressive Energy Technology Ltd. UK, Enichem ElastomersLtd. UK, IFAM Pulsed Laser Spectroscopy Group, Pisa, Na-tional Research Council Italy, UNINOVA Center for IntelligentRobotics, Lisboa, Portugal, APE Gmbh, Germany, and EGLIResearch, UK.

Commercial products

! Lasers and laser systems,

! opto-electronics-mechanics systems and components,

! spectroscopy and fluorescence systems,

! nuclear spectroscopy and monitoring.

BBT Benny Larsen ApS

Mailing addressKongevejen 67DK-2840 Holte

Tel. +45 4541 2040

Fax +45 4541 2070

Web http://www.bbt-bl.com

Contact personBenny Larsene-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1995

Number of employees in:

1995: 2 1997: 4 1999: 5

Patent applications during the last five years: 0

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 0

Main activities in opticsThe BBT group is the leading supplier of laser, optoelectronics,optical components and fiber optics for the Scandinavian mar-

ket for telecommunication, applied laser technology, R&D, andhospitals. Our product range consists of products from leadingmanufactures, which are complimentary to each other, thus al-lowing our customers one stop shopping.

Our customer base is made up of industry, hospitals, telecom-munication customers and privately and publicly sponsored re-search and development, universities.

Commercial productsOur activities mainly cover the following areas:

! fiber optics communication;components, optical fibers and testing instruments.

! digital tests;testing instruments for tele and data communication,SDH and ATM.

! optics and mechanics;optical components, lasers, laser systems, mechanics,laboratory equipment, and testing equipment.

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 8

Center for Biomedical Optics

Mailing addressCenter for biomedical optics, BIOPOptics and Fluid Dynamics DepartmentRisø National LaboratoryP. O. Box 49DK-4000 Roskilde

Tel. +45 4677 4500

Fax +45 4677 4565

Web http://www.risoe.dk/biop

Contact personsPaul Michael Petersen, Head of BIOPe-mail: [email protected]

Anders Bjarklev, Deputy Head of BIOPe-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1999

Number of employees in:

1995: 0 1997: 0 1999: 15

Patent applications during the last five years: 6

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 11

Main activities in opticsThe Center for Biomedical Optics, BIOP, is a joint initiative be-tween the Technical University of Denmark, Risø National Lab-oratory, Danish hospital, and Danish Industry.

BIOP is a new Danish initiative where engineers, physicists,chemists, and physicians collaborate on the development of newbiomedical applications based on the most recent progress inlasers and optical measurement techniques. Two research insti-tutions, two university hospitals and four commercial compa-nies are represented. The aim is to conduct research in advancedlaser systems and optical measurement technologies and to ap-ply these systems in dermatology, ophthalmology, and biosens-ing.

The BIOP initiative creates a strong Danish research activitywithin biomedical optics by gathering scientists from areas whereDanish universities, Danish hospitals and the Danish industryhave already demonstrated results at a high scientific and inter-national level. The BIOP collaboration coordinates these activi-ties and, furthermore, establishes the foundation for educationof young scientists specialized within a combination of the fieldsof physics, optics, biology and medicine.

In the BIOP center four focus areas have been selected:

! optical methods for imaging in human tissue,

! new laser systems for medical diagnostics and therapy,

! sensors for biochemical quantification,

! biomedical imaging and data processing.

The main purpose of the BIOP center research program is todemonstrate and develop novel diagnostic procedures and toimprove therapeutic facilities at Danish hospitals. The collabo-ration will result in the development of novel biomedical appli-cations of modern laser technology, including three-dimension-al imaging in human tissue, non-invasive spectroscopy and flu-orescence in the eye for diagnostics of eye diseases and diabetesas well as new biosensors for measurements of concentrationsof, e.g. glucose and protein.

The interdisciplinary collaboration, the competence of the par-ticipants, and their close relations with industry provide a firmbasis for transferring results from basic research to applicationsof commercial interest. This is beneficial to Danish high-tech-nology industry and, moreover, brings new important aspectsinto basic research in lasers and modern optics.

Participants from Risø National Laboratory and theTechnical University of Denmark! Optics and Fluid Dynamics Department

Risø National Laboratory,! Research Center COM

Technical University of Denmark,! Department of Mathematical Modelling

Technical University of Denmark,! Department of Physics

Technical University of Denmark.

Collaborators from Danish hospitals! Department of Ophthalmology, Herlev Hospital

University of Copenhagen, Herlev,! Department of Dermatology, Marselisborg Hospital,

University of Aarhus.

Collaborators from Danish commercial companies! Torsana A/S,

! Nordic Laser Systems A/S,

! Asah Medico A/S,

! IONAS A/S.

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 9

Condensed Matter Physics andChemistry Department,Risø National Laboratory

Mailing addressCondensed Matter Physics and Chemistry DepartmentP. O. Box 49DK-4000 Roskilde

Tel. +45 4677 4248

Fax +45 4677 4202

Web http://www.risoe.dk/fys/

Contact personRobert Wilbrandte-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1974

Number of employees in:

1995: 4 1997: 6 1999: 3

Patent applications during the last five years: 0

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 5

Main activities in opticsInterestsStructure of polymers, laser photochemistry and photophysics,structure and dynamics of short-lived intermediates, structureof radical ions in condensed phase, photoisomerization process-es, time-resolved optical spectroscopy, and quantum chemistry.

FacilitiesRaman microscopy, nanosecond laser flash photolysis, fluores-cence lifetime spectroscopy, vibrational spectroscopy, time-re-solved resonance Raman spectroscopy, and quantum chemicalcalculations.

InstrumentationTwo pulsed excimer lasers, one excimer-pumped dye laser, onepulsed Nd:YAG laser, one Nd:YAG-pumped OPO (optical para-metric oscillator), one triple Raman spectrometer, one Ramanmicroscope spectrometer, CCD detector, intensified diode ar-ray, and two SGI workstations.

Danfoss A/S

Mailing addressMicro Technology GroupE14-S11DK-6430 Nordborg

Tel. +45 7488 2023

Fax +45 7488 4000

Contact personKasper M. Paasche-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1985

Number of employees in:

1995: 2 1997: 1 1999: 1

Patent applications during the last five years: 8

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 0

Main activities in opticsThe activities of Danfoss within optics are in the areas of sensortechnology, micro systems and vision systems. Danfoss devel-ops and produces vision systems for AO industrial process con-trol and monitoring. Danfoss focuses on sensor technology andmicro systems and follow the development in these areas close-ly by cooperation with Danish and foreign knowledge centers,participation in EU-projects, etc. The sensor technology is mainlyfocused on the application of modern optics in low cost indus-trial sensors and micro mechanical systems (MEMS) for chem-ical analysis. The vision activities are divided between Denmarkand USA.

Commercial productsEVITA® is a system for the measurement of nutritive salts suchas ammonia in wastewater. The system has been on the markedsince 1996. This system is a closed system based on continuouswet chemical analysis with colorimetric detection (absorption).The sensor contains the relevant process, chemicals, pumps, fil-

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 10

Danmarks Radio

Mailing addressTV-TEK-MES Optical SupportTV-Byen, entrance 25DK-2860 Søborg

Tel. +45 3520 2786

Fax +45 3520 3229

Web http://www.dr.dk

Contact personJens P. Kraghe-mail: [email protected]

Danish Defense ResearchEstablishment

Mailing addressRyvangs Allé 1P. O. Box 2715DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø

Tel. +45 3915 1515

Fax +45 3929 1533

Web http://www.ddre.dk

Contact personsMogens Caspersene-mail: [email protected]

Tommy Geislere-mail: [email protected]

ters, electronics, and the optical detector and is constructed insuch a way that it as a unit can be (dispensed) into the wastewa-ter. The system is intended for process control in wastewatertreatment plants.

VisionSensor� is a compact vision unit containing CCD-cam-era and computer developed and produced by Danfoss. With

one of the developed menu-based software packets, an on-linesensor for measurements of the size distribution of granulate isoffered. Besides that, Danfoss has developed a very fast OC basedvision system, Docuvision� for verification and quality con-trol of printed texts and codes on addressed shipments and valu-able documents AO.

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1970

Number of employees in:

1995: 3 1997: 3 1999: 3

Patent applications during the last five years: 0

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 0

Main activities in opticsMeasurement of optical parameters (Modulation Transfer Func-tion, Chromatic Aberrations, Veiling Glare-Factor, Relative FieldIllumination and Picture Height Distortion) with SIRA TV LensTesting System.

Commercial productsService and overhaul of Canon TV Broadcast Lenses.

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1970

Number of employees in:

1995: 4 1997: 4 1999: 4

Patent applications during the last five years: 0

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 0

Main activities in opticsThe purpose of the electrooptic section is to assist the authori-ties within the Danish Defense in the purchase and applicationof system with optical sensors.

The working area of the section is the efficiency and vulnerabil-ity of optical systems, including both active and passive sen-sors.

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 11

The expertise of the section is mainly within systems like mis-siles, sights, laser designators etc. Spectrally the wavelengthsfrom UV to infrared (12 µm) are covered.

Subjects for which a detailed knowledge exist:

! characterization of optical sensors,

! filtering,

! the influence of the surroundings including the atmo-sphere on the radiation/emission and reflection from anobject.

Measuring instruments have been developed in connection withthe various subjects.

The military use of optical sensors include detection followedby a classification and targeting of a target, where at present theprocess is based on images:

! the research is aimed at models that describes the processfor targets like ships and airplanes,

! the section also conduct research concerning the possi-bilities for improvements in target identification by use ofpolarimetric or spectral information contained in the radi-ation.

Commercial productsThe commercial products are accounts of advantages and disad-vantages. In certain cases, the product is a solution to a specificproblem.

Danish Institute of FundamentalMetrology

Mailing addressBuilding 307Anker Engelunds Vej 1DK-2800 Lyngby

Tel. +45 4593 1144

Fax +45 4593 1137

Web http://www.dfm.dtu.dk

Contact personJan C. Petersene-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1986

Number of employees in:

1995: 4 1997: 3 1999: 4

Patent applications during the last five years: 0

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 2

Main activities in opticsThe optics group at DFM is active within the metrological fieldslength, optical radiometry, and chemistry. Furthermore, there areactivities in the study of nonlinear phenomena in materials andoptical fibers.

The activities in length are concerned with the spectral charac-teristics of both discharge and diode lasers and the stabilizationof these lasers to absorption transitions in atoms and molecules.The meter is realized from the wavelength of a frequency-stabi-lized laser and work is in progress on establishing wavelengthstandards in the fiber optical communication regions. The gen-eration of tunable UV radiation by frequency doubling in a non-linear crystal of radiation from a diode laser is being studied.

In optical radiometry, the highest accuracy for the determina-tion of power is obtained from the equivalence of optical heat-ing with that of electrical heating in a cryogenic radiometer wherethe heat exchange with the environment is minimized. Powermeasurements are being performed in the visible region usingtrap detectors and in the near-infrared fiber-optic windows us-ing integrating spheres. Work is in progress on improving theaccuracy of UV power measurements.

The activities in chemical metrology are focused on infrared spec-troscopy using both near-infrared diode lasers and a FourierTransform spectrometer. We make use of the vibrational over-tone spectra in molecules as wavelength standards in the near-infrared communication bands. The same spectra are used forquantitative determination of the concentration of molecules ingas mixtures. The focus is currently on hazardous moleculessuch as H

2S, CO, NH

3, and CH

4, while work is in progress on

the study of HF.

The nonlinear efficiencies of organic materials in the form ofthin films are studied by third order generation and second orderelectrooptic effects. The aim is to search for materials exhibit-ing nonlinear optical properties suitable for photonic applica-

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 12

Danish Meat Research Institute

Mailing addressMaglegaardsvej 2DK-4000 Roskilde

Tel. +45 4630 3030

Fax +45 4630 3132

Web http://www.dmri.com

Contact personLars Bager Christensene-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1984

Number of employees in (total):

1995: 206 1997: 161 1999: 152

Patent applications during the last five years: 3

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 2

Main activities in opticsDanish Meat Research Institute use optics to investigate qualityparameters of meat. This includes direct methods for determina-tion of color, visual appearance and reflectance in the visible tonear-infrared wavelength range as well as indirect methods asvision systems for classification of beef carcasses and reflec-tance probes for classification of pigs.

Most optical instrumentation is combined with a comprehen-sive use of statistical tools as PCA/PLS analysis or artificial neuralnetworks. The interpretation of spectroscopic data often includesmultivariate data analysis. These disciplines are highly exploit-ed in our work on optics.

Being a research institute for the Danish meat industry our areaof interest is mainly meat and meat products. Modeling opticalreflectance and transmission for such stochastically objects inthe wavelength range from 350 nm to 2400 nm is an importantresearch topic. With these optical parameters as input, a widerange of optical instruments has been developed over the years.Many of the instruments are today commercial available for themeat industry from third party suppliers of processing equip-ment.

Commercial products

! Systems for determination of meat quality,

! on-line/at-line sensor systems,

! systems for determination of product safety,

! carcass classification,

! interpretation of spectroscopic data using multivariateanalysis,

! contract development and adaptation of commercialequipment to meat applications.

tions. In optical fibers, we are studying methods for accuratedetermination of the threshold for stimulated Brillouin scatter-ing and for determination of the nonlinear part of the refractiveindex (n

2). Both of these parameters have become important for

fiber producers and users in view of the higher power used fortransmission.

Commercial productsAccredited calibration within the fields of length, optical radi-ometry and optical wavelengths. Courses in calibration, uncer-tainty evaluations and fundamental metrology. Software for un-certainty evaluation. Consultancy on quality management. Wave-length calibration artefacts for optical spectrum analyzers.

Danish Micro Engineering A/S

Mailing addressTransformervej 12DK-2730 Herlev

Tel. +45 4484 9211

Fax +45 4484 9197

Web http://www.dme-spm.dk

Contact personCurt Sander, President, Ph.D.e-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1984

Number of employees in:

1995: 3 1997: 3 1999: 3

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 13

Patent applications during the last five years: 2

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 2

Main activities in opticsDevelopment, manufacturing, and sale of scanning probe mi-croscopes with built-in optics, including scanning tunneling mi-croscopes (STM) for air and UHV, atomic force microscopes(AFM), probehead AFM systems for electrical probing, and scan-ning nearfield optical microscopes (SNOM) and combinationsof these.

Commercial products

! Rasterscope product line (stand-alone SPM microscopesfor small samples),

! DME DualScope product line (SPM microscopes for usein optical microscopes or as stand-alone instruments forlarger samples).

Dantec MeasurementTechnology A/S

Mailing addressTonsbakken 16-18DK-2740 Skovlunde

Tel. +45 4457 8000

Fax +45 4457 8001

Web http://www.dantecmt.com

Contact personFinn Mengel, Head of researche-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1969

Number of employees in:

1995: 145 1997: 145 1999: 130

Patent applications during the last five years: 0

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 2

Main activities in opticsDantec�s main activities in optics are related to the followingareas: Laser Doppler Anemometer (LDA), Particle DynamicsAnalysis (PDA), Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), and mea-surement solutions for paper production.

The optical competencies cover the span from research in newareas (e.g., computer vision and particle sizing) in collaborationwith universities over optical design including the mechanicaldesign to the assembling and aligning of the optics in the pro-duction area. Dantec specify and purchases most of the opticalcomponents used in the instrumentation.

The LDA and PDA systems contains CW lasers, photo-detec-tors, beam splitters, interference filters, various prisms, Bragg-cells, lenses, multi-mode fibers and single-mode polarizationmaintaining fibers.

The LDA principle is as follows. Two laser beams intersect andform an interference pattern, a grating of light and dark. Whena particle traverses the flow through the grating, it lights up ev-ery time it passes through the light bar. If the time taken by the

particle to pass through each light bar is measured, and the dis-tance between the light bars in the grating is known, the velocityof particle may be calculated.

The PDA principle is somewhat different. When a laser beam isreflected from a drop or air bubble in water, it occurs in severalstages. This creates a delay between the various reflections.The greater the delay the larger the drop or bubble. By measur-ing the delay, it is possible to calculate the size.

The PIV-system, where a laser flashes while one or more camer-as grab images, contains special CCD-cameras together with highpower pulsed lasers and high power optics.

Commercial productsDantec supplies measurement solutions within the followingproduct ranges: laser Doppler anemometry, particle image ve-locimetry, constant temperature anemometry (hot-wire), parti-cle dynamic analyzers and process optimization. The measure-ment systems are used for research into flows, turbulence andparticle dynamics. The measurement equipment is used in a va-riety of applications by scientists at universities and researchinstitutions, and by development and production engineers inmany industries. These applications range from basic researchinto turbulence phenomena, through the optimization of prod-uct design in fields such as aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, com-bustion and sprays, to process control.

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 14

DELTA Light & Optics

Mailing addressHjortekærsvej 99DK-2800 Lyngby

Tel. +45 4588 8333

Fax +45 4587 0810

Web http://www.delta.dk

Contact personFinn Mølgaard Poulsene-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1956

Number of employees in:

1995: 25 1997: 28 1999: 35

Patent applications during the last five years: 4

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 1

Main activities in opticsOptical thin-film products! research and development of filters and coatings,

! mastering of materials,

! production of thin-film components;

= dichroic mirrors and beam splitters,

= filters for fluorescence: edge filters and bandpass fil-ters,= laser mirrors and color beam splitters,

= polarizing beam splitters.

Optical meteorology! measurement of transmission,

! luxmeter control,

! measurements of luminous flux,

! measurements of spectral radiance,

! color measurements.

Design and development of instruments! optical design and mechanics,

! production of prototypes and smaller series,

! area of expertise: instruments for detection offluorescence.

Consultancy service

Courses

Commercial productsOptical filters and coatings. Road measuring equipment. Colorand texture measuring systems. On-line monitoring systems forprocess control using fluorescence spectroscopy. Demo CD-ROM and various catalogues are available on request.

Department of Chemistry,University of Aarhus

Mailing addressLangelandsgade 140DK-8000 Aarhus C

Tel. +45 8942 3333

Fax +45 8619 6199

Web http://kemi.aau.dk/research/femtolab/keiding.htm

Contact personSøren Rud Keiding, dr. sciente-mail: [email protected]

ProfileNumber of employees in:

1995: 2 1997: 5 1999: 7

Patent applications during the last five years: 0

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 11

Main activities in opticsThe Femto-Chemistry group at the Department of Chemistry,Henrik Stapelfeldt, Nis Bjerre and Søren Keiding, studies chem-ical reactions using pulsed lasers. During a chemical reaction,energy is exchanged between the reactants and the surrounding

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 15

The figure shows the temporal evolution of the absorption of ClO2 fol-

lowing a pulse at t=0 that dissociates the molecule. The time resolutionis 200 fs and the spectra covers the region from UV to near-IR.

medium, typically a liquid. The exchange of energy takes placeon a time scale ranging from approximately 10 femtoseconds toseveral picoseconds. Using femtosecond laser pulses, coveringa spectral range from UV to mm-wavelengths, and photofrag-ment imaging techniques, it is now possible, directly, to studythe intra- and intermolecular interactions, that governs chemicalreactions. The attached figure shows an example of a transientabsorption spectrum of a chemical reaction: the photolysis ofchlorine dioxide.

Recently Peter R. Ogilby joined the department. The researchprogram is in the area of organic photophysics and photochem-istry. The group employs a variety of nanosecond time-resolvedspectroscopic techniques to monitor excited state processes andcharacterize molecular transients. They are primarily interestedin photoinduced processes in organic systems, including poly-mers that involve molecular oxygen.

Key words and phrases: photooxidation, polymer degradationand stabilization, oxygen diffusion in polymer films, Transientdetection in the UV, Vis, and IR, Time-resolved near- and far-field microscopy in heterogeneous materials.

Jørgen Bendtsen, Finn Rasmussen and Flemming Hegelund aredoing high resolution Raman and IR-spectroscopy on small gas-phase molecules. Raman spectra are obtained using a high reso-lution Fourier transform Raman spectrometer with a resolutionof 0.012 cm-1. Theoretical models for the ro-vibrational energylevels are developed and used to assign complex high-resolu-tion infrared spectra of polyatomic molecules.

Department of Dermatology,Marselisborg Hospital

Mailing addressP. P. Ørums Gade 11DK-8000 Aarhus C

Tel. +45 8949 1818

Fax +45 8949 1860

Contact personPeter Bjerring, professor, dr. med.

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1981

Number of employees in:

1995: 5 1997: 7 1999: 6

Patent applications during the last five years: 4

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 2

Main activities in opticsAt the Department of Dermatology, research on the interactionbetween high-energy lasers and human skin tissue in vivo iscarried out. Our methods are based on spectroscopy in the visi-ble and near-infrared wavelength regions, and photo-acoustictechniques. The purpose of our research is to optimize and im-prove surgical procedures in which lasers are being used, espe-cially concerned with the selectivity, i.e., only the malignant tis-sue structures are affected by the treatment. The main areas ofour laser or light based treatments involve highly vascularizedtumors and melanoma. Furthermore, research in photo-thermalor photo-acoustic removal of hair follicles, tattoos, and cronicalinjures from sunburns.

In collaboration with Bang & Olufsen Medicom A/S and RisøNational Laboratory, theoretical modeling of the optical and ther-mal properties of skin tissue are carried out. The goal is to uti-lize these models in developing non-invasive optical devices toreplace standard devices, based on analysis of blood samples,for diagnosing and monitoring cronical diseases.

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 16

Department of MathematicalModelling,Technical University of Denmark

Mailing addressBuilding 305Technical University of DenmarkDK-2800 Lyngby

Tel. +45 4525 3108

Fax +45 4593 1235

Web http://www.imm.dtu.dk

Contact personOle Bang, research assistant professore-mail: [email protected]

Three-dimensional intensity profiles of soliton fusion (upper) and de-flection (lower) in a χ(2) bulk crystal. In certain materials such intensitydistributions can be �frozen� and used as reconfigurable waveguidestructures.

Department of ManufacturingEngineering,Technical University of Denmark

Mailing addressBuilding 425Technical University of DenmarkDK-2800 Lyngby

Tel. +45 4525 4751

Fax +45 4593 4570

Web http://ipt.dtu.dk

Contact personFlemming Olsene-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1976

Number of employees in:

1995: 10 1997: 10 1999: 9

Patent applications during the last five years: 2

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 5

Main activities in opticsResearch, development and industrial consultancy in industriallaser applications. Major fields of activities the industrial pro-

duction processes: Laser cutting, -welding, marking and drill-ing. Expertise in production systems specification and technol-ogy implementation.

Current research and development activities in international re-search projects within:

! heavy section laser cutting,

! process automation of laser cutting,

! laser beam diagnostics for high power CO2-lasers,

! marking with lasers,

! laser welding of alloyed steel,

! tailored blanks technology.

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 17

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1999

Number of employees in:

1995: - 1997: - 1999: 5

Patent applications during the last five years: 0

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 2

Main activities in opticsThe χ(2) group conducts an investigation into the nonlinear prop-erties of optical materials with a quadratic or so-called χ(2) non-linearity, such as LiNbO

3 and KTP, mainly in the context of all-

optical signal processing. Although well known from secondharmonic generation, these materials are relatively new in thecontext of controlling light by light through the self-induced non-linear phase-shift and the guiding and steering of spatialsolitons.

The nonlinear response of χ(2) materials is faster and strongerthan that of conventional materials with cubic or χ(3) nonlinear-ity. Furthermore, they support stable bright spatial solitons (lo-calized light beams) in both planar waveguides and bulk crys-tals (one and two transverse dimensions, respectively), whichcan interact strongly and, e.g., fuse, deflect each other or spiralaround each other (see figure).

In χ(3) materials such beams are unstable in bulk media, and willeither diffract (spread out) or self-focus reaching intensities thatmay damage the crystal.

Thus, the χ(2) materials hold promise of overcoming the materiallimitations that so far have hindered the development of all-op-tical photonics devices.

In particular the group is focusing on the following importantopen problems:

1) Development of a quantitative theory of how χ(3) nonlinearityaffects the self-induced nonlinear phase-shift and the stability,excitation, and interaction of spatial solitons. The χ(3) nonlinear-ity can be detrimental to the reconfigurable waveguide struc-tures that can be created through soliton interaction and �freez-ed� in χ(2) materials (see figure).

2) Development of an optimized code for both workstations andsuper-computers to accurately simulate soliton interaction in bulkχ(2) crystals and detect exactly how strong the χ(3) nonlinearity isallowed to be before destructive self-focusing (collapse) occurs.Due to the possible collapse singularities, this is a hard numeri-cal task. One approach is a locally adaptive mesh refinement, atechnique that has proven successful in fluid dynamics.

3) Development of a quantitative theory of spatial solitons andswitching in quasi-phase-matched (QPM) media. This includesthe possible advantages of modulating the domain length of theQPM grating, both in the transverse direction and along the di-rection of propagation. Furthermore, the effect of random andisolated defects in the domain length will be investigated.

Department of Ophthalmology,Herlev Hospital,University of Copenhagen

Mailing addressHerlev Ringvej 75DK-2730 Herlev

Tel. +45 4488 4656

Fax +45 4453 8669

Web http://www.oculus.dk

Contact personMichael Larsen, associate professor, MD, DMSc.e-mail: [email protected]

The posterior inside of the human eye (fundus oculi) imaged by conventional optics (above) and optical coherence tomography (OCT, below). Tothe left a healthy subject and to the right a patient seen 15 years after complete surgical removal of her right optic nerve, which was infiltrated bya malignant tumor (glioma). Blue illumination is used for conventional imaging to enhance the visibility of the retinal nerve fiber layer. The opticnerve head is seen in the middle of the image. In the glioma patient it is pale and the fine white striation that follows the dark vessels emanatingfrom the optic nerve head is almost completely absent. The OCT images are recorded in a circular scan around the optic nerve head. In the healthysubject (left) a high-intensity reflection (red false-color code) is seen from the innermost and outermost layers of the retina, i.e. the retinal nervefiber layer and the pigment epithelium. The posterior boundary of the nerve fiber layer is indicated by a blue line. In the glioma patient the atrophythat occurs after transection of the optic nerve is documented by the attenuation of the retinal nerve fiber layer (right).Copyright: Michael Larsen & Jesper Leth Hougaard, 1999.

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 18

ProfileNumber of employees in:

1995: - 1997: - 1999: 7

Patent applications during the last five years: -

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: -

Main activities in opticsThe eye and vision research at Herlev Hospital is targeted pri-marily on maintaining and improving visual function in patientswith diabetes mellitus. The technological emphasis is on nonin-vasive methods for examination and treatment of eye disease.The eye being an optical instrument, optics is our first choiceapproach to the study of the eye.

In addition to its clinical services, the Department of Ophthal-mology serves as a teaching and research institution under theUniversity of Copenhagen. The research staff includes sevenfull-time employees and additional part-time clinicians and co-workers at other institutions. Current research projects includedigital image analysis, ocular fluorometry, automated screeningfor diabetes and diabetic retinopathy, genetics, retinal physiolo-gy, electrophysiology, and photodynamic therapy.

Optical studies have been pursued for more than forty years.Recently, a number of collaborative activities with private in-dustrial corporations have been initiated, resulting in severalpatent applications.

Ferroperm Optics A/S

Mailing addressStubbeled 7DK-2950 Vedbæk

Tel. +45 4589 0392

Fax +45 4589 0136

Contact personsPaul Bisgaard

Emil Olldage-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1976

Number of employees in:

1995: 8 1997: 11 1999: 15

Patent applications during the last five years: 0

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 0

Main activities in opticsFerroperm Optics A/S offers high quality optical interferencefilters in the near ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared spectralregions. Our optical filters represent a massive R & D effort inthe fields of thin film deposition and thin film optics.

Commercial productsHigh quality optical components for research and industry:

! bandpass filters,

! fluorescence filters,

! longpass and shortpass filters,

! mirrors,

! neutral density filters,

! special thin film coatings,

! plasma- and sputter-deposited thin films.

Force Institute

Mailing addressPark Allé 345DK-2605 Brøndby

Tel. +45 4326 7000

Fax +45 4337 7011

Web http://www.force.dk

Contact personAllan Northevede-mail: [email protected]

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 19

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1975

Number of employees in (total):

1995: 706 1997: 719 1999: 750

Patent applications during the last five years: 6

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 0

Main activities in opticsThe optical activities at the FORCE Institute are separated intwo groups:

The first group includes systems within traditional optics. Herethe optics are used for developing sensor systems for measuring

or registration of a numerous of material characteristic parame-ters such as chemical, biological, physical or other importantspecific qualities. The optical measuring systems are based one.g., absorption, reflection, scattering, and fluorescence usingall wavelengths from infrared to ultraviolet. The measuring sys-tems developed at the FORCE Institute are used in both staticand scanning configurations.

The second group is concerned with laser based systems. Thisgroup implements low effect as well as high effect lasers, thelatter of power up to 25kW. The laser applications are compre-hensive within areas of measuring on ultrasonic transducers andmeasuring medical and biological parameters etc. Additional higheffect lasers are used for material processing such as weldingand cutting.

Foss Electric A/S

Mailing addressSlangerupgade 69DK-3400 Hillerød

Tel. +45 7010 3370

Fax +45 7010 3371

Web http://www.foss.dk

Contact personsHenning Gråskove-mail: [email protected]

Claus Christensen

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1960

Number of employees in (total):

1995: 390 1997: 320 1999: 320

Patent applications during the last five years: N/A

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 2

Main activities in opticsThe major part of the analytical equipment developed and pro-duced at Foss is based on infrared technology and fluorescens

microscopy. This means that primarily, �classical� optical com-ponents are being used, lenses, filters, beam splitters, detectors,mirrors etc. An increasing number of the IR instruments are be-ing based on the FFT-IR technology, applying HeNe-lasers anddiode lasers. A major point in the development of optical sys-tems at Foss Electric is the rigidity and stability of the systemsas the products mainly are used in production lines analyzing upto 500 samples per hours, 16 hours a day. The optical systems atFoss, are typically designed by mechanical and electrical engi-neers supported by external consultants.

Commercial productsThe objective of the Foss Group is to develop, produce, andmarket analytical equipment, which rapidly, easily and precise-ly measures the quality parameters of agricultural products - tothe satisfaction of the customers.

Product examples! Compositional analysis of milk: fat, protein, lactose, urea,

citric acid, lactose, freezing point, and somatic cells.! Hygienic analysis of milk: total number of bacteria.

! Compositional analysis of Solid Matters: oil and fat inmeat, cheese, fish, butter etc.

! Hygienic analysis of Solid Matters: Salmonella bacteriain meat.

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 20

GiGA A/S

Mailing addressMileparken 22DK-2740 Skovlunde

Tel. +45 4492 6100

Fax +45 4492 5900

Web http://www.giga.dk

Contact personJesper Nørregaarde-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1996

Number of employees in:

1995: 15 1997: 30 1999: 65

Patent applications during the last five years: 2

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 2

Main activities in opticsGiGA designs, develops and manufactures high-speed integrat-ed circuits targeted for the telecom-, datacom and video mar-kets. Furthermore, GiGA is manufacturing custom-designed op-toelectronics working at speeds up to 20 Gbit/s.

GiGA�s optical devices are based on epistructures grown on In-dium-Phosphide and include:

! laser diodes (1550nm),

! modulators,

! photodetectors,

! optical amplifiers,

! waveguides.

The laser manufacturing takes place in GiGA�s own 200 m2 cleanroom area (class 10000 and class 100). GiGA´s processing fa-cilities include:

! Metallo Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxial growth facility,

! UV litography,

! Vacuum Deposition (E-Beam, PECVD, sputtering),

! etching dry/wet,

! characterization (SEM, X-ray, CV, surface profiles etc.).

Commercial productsGiGA has no optoelectronics products available for the openmarket.

10 Gbit/s ICsAt the end of 1997, we released our first generation of 10Gbit/s ICs. Our 10 Gbit/s Product line include today: Clock &Data Recoveries with 1:16 Demux, AGC Amplifiers, Modula-tor Drivers and 16:1 Multiplexers with Clock Generation.

An important element in GiGA�s 10 Gbit/s development wasour highly successful Flexguide product. The Flexguide is an

interconnection between the chip itself and the package. TheFlexguide makes it possible to transmit signals above 45 GHzwithout significant loss in electrical signal power. It also en-abled us to move our 10 Gbit/s development out of the laborato-ry and into the production department.

2.5 Gbit/s ICsOur 2.5 Gbit/s product line incorporates more than 20 IC de-signs covering Multiplexers, Demultiplexers, Clock & Data Re-coveries, Laser Drivers and Limiting Amplifiers. Since 1989,our engineering staff has constantly transformed innovative ideasinto new and improved IC designs. Recently, we have focusedon optimizing our IC designs using plastic packages and BallGrid Arrays, which have a number of obvious advantages forour customers in production contexts. Our 2.5 Gbit/s productsprimarily target the SDH/SONET, WDM and ATM markets.

155 & 622 Mbit/sOur chip sets at 622 Mbit/s include Multiplexers and Demulti-plexers, providing easy interface between the low frequency sys-tem and the high speed optical front-end, and are intended forlow cost high volume production. Our 155 Mbit/s line interfacechip set consists of CMI Line Encoders and Decoders designedfor cable transmission of SDH/SONET signals.

HDTVReleased in March 1999, our new HDTV products target thevideo market and the SMPTE-292M standard. Our HDTV chipset offers a complete solution for 1.485 Gbit/s applications, in-cluding an Adaptive Cable Equalizer, a highly integrated Serial-izer, and a Deserializer. This chip set enables broadcast engi-neers to use their existing co-axial infrastructure for future HDTVrequirements.

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 21

Hamamatsu Photonics Danmark

Mailing addressErantisvej 5, TilstDK-8381 Mundelstrup

Tel. +45 4346 6333

Fax +45 4346 6350

Web http://www.hamamatsu.dk

Contact personLars Koldbæke-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1953

Number of employees in:

1995: 1 1997: 1 1999: 1

Patent applications during the last five years: 0

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 0

Main activities in opticsHamamatsu Photonics was founded in 1953 by Dr. KenjiroTakayanagi, the pioneer in the development of the television.

Today Hamamatsu Photonics employs more than 1800 people,has production facilities in Japan, USA and China, and a world-wide sales network.

The first subsidiary in Europe was started in 1973, and in 1989,a department was opened in Denmark. Milestones worth men-tioning since the start: phototubes in 1953, the worlds smallestside-on PMT in 1967, solid state products (Si-photodiodes) in1972, the streak camera for ultra fast light pulses and computercompatible video cameras in 1977, the wolds largest PMT (50cm in diameter) 1982, two-dimensional photon-counting tubesin 1982, position sensitive Si-dioder in 1983, Central ResearchLab established in 1990, Center for Positions tomography (PET)in 1991-92, development and production of mini photomultipli-ers in TO-8 housings in 1993 and production of D2 lamps basedon ceramics in 1994.

The fast technical progress opens new horizons and until nowunknown possibilities with optoelectronics, and Hamamatsu Pho-tonics has sat the pace during the past 40 years and with invest-ments in basic research of the photon- technology developedmany new products. Quality, innovative technique and serviceare all parts of our business policy.

As a highlight among our optoelectronic systems, we can men-tion Phemos 200 (emission microscope). Emission microscopyis used in the semiconductor industry for wafer inspection andfailure analysis of IC�s.

Hamamatsu Photonics is the market leader of streak cameras,the fastest optical detectors, which are used to analyze laser puls-es, material characteristics in the semiconductor- and the chem-ical industry.

Photonics is our business and it is our goal to develop and pro-duce new generations of optoelectronic products for the future.

Commercial productsHamamatsu Photonics has three divisions, Electron Tube Div.,Solid State Div. and Systems Division and the various productscan be seen in our homepage http://www.hamamatsu.dk and forfurther information you can be linked to the Japanese home-page.

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 22

IBSEN Micro Structures A/S

Mailing addressGammelgaardsvej 65DK-3520 Farum

Tel. +45 4499 5560

Fax +45 4499 5561

Web http://www.ibsen.dk

Contact personDirk Jessen, Sales and Marketing Managere-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1991

Number of employees in:

1995: 7 1997: 9 1999: 30

Patent applications during the last five years: 2

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 1

Main activities in opticsIBSEN Micro Structures A/S, based in Copenhagen, develops,manufactures and markets high-tech optical and optoelectronicproducts for the growing markets within the telecommunica-tion- and sensor industries.

With a solid background in modern optics, IBSEN was estab-lished for the purpose of transforming the innovative technolo-gies of integrated and diffractive optics into a commercially suc-cessful product range. IBSEN has already established a leadingposition with its Phase masks - widely used in the manufactureof WDM components and dispersion compensation modules fortelecommunication systems - and will launch a number of newinnovative optoelectronic products in the coming years.

Phase masks at Angstrom precisionBy combining the technical advantages of holography with theease-of-use of lithography, IBSEN Phase masks are a powerfultool for fabrication of in-fiber and waveguide Bragg gratings.By self-interference between the diffracted orders of a correctlyoptimized Phase mask, the Phase mask period is efficiently trans-ferred to the fiber or waveguide component. Erroneous e-beamproduction and troublesome holography setups can be avoided.WDM components and dispersion compensation modules fortelecommunication systems are examples of applications, whichbenefit from IBSEN�s unique Phase mask production techniques.

Based on experience gained from working with production andcertification of nanostructure Calibration standards, IBSEN hasdeveloped innovative interferometric techniques that reach newlimits of pitch, uniformity and size. Consequently, IBSEN Phasemasks are well known for their pitch accuracy and uniformity(±0.1 Å).

Phase masks for fine pitch applicationsIBSEN�s unique 0/-1 order principle Phase masks are advanta-geous for applications that require completely eliminated un-

wanted orders. In this geometry, light incident at an angle isdiffracted partially into the minus first order. Self-interferencebetween this minus first order and the undiffracted zero ordercreates an interference pattern with a pitch equal to the Phasemask pitch. Our innovative techniques enable us to manufac-ture 0/-1 order Phase masks with periods down to 200 nm.

Low-cost production of for example DFB lasers for telecommu-nications can be accomplished by use of the near field hologra-phy technique, which employs the IBSEN 0/-1 Phase mask. Thistechnology has distinct production advantages over grating fab-rication by direct e-beam or holography technologies. The tech-nique is also advantageous in a number of other fine-pitch ap-plications within the telecommunication and sensor industries.

Compact optoelectronic productsIBSEN�s key expertise is in the realization of nanostructures,using micro lithography and interferometric recording tech-niques. Exploiting these processes, IBSEN is able to producemultifunctional, diffractive optical elements, which can deflect,focus, split and filter light. One such element can reduce theneed for complex combinations of conventional optics. Amongothers, IBSEN has developed a very small and robust spectrom-eter used to characterize the color spectrum of light. This com-ponent is valuable in a number of important industries, includ-ing the graphics, textile, paint and food processing industries.Other examples of sensors IBSEN works with are velocity, rota-tion and flow sensors. Patents cover all the IBSEN sensors.

IBSEN utilizes its sensor technologies to develop and produceOEM sensors and other components for companies worldwide.

Design and innovationIBSEN is at the forefront of microtechnology, continuously mon-itoring new technologies and pursuing research in the most prom-ising areas. Therefore, our customers often find it beneficial tohave our staff participate in the preliminary discussions and ear-ly design phase. A solid knowledge of state-of-the-art technolo-gies allows us to put forward innovative ideas and to evaluateour customer�s concepts. Recently IBSEN has also establishedthe expertise to write gratings in optical fibers (Fiber Bragg Grat-ings). We employ the latest developments in information tech-nology for project management, communication and software-based optical design.

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 23

Commercial productsIBSEN Phase masks (+1/-1 order):

! For fabrication of in-fiber and waveguide Bragg gratings.Specified to 0,1Å precision and optimized for any wave-length. Linear, continuous chirp is available as an option.

IBSEN Phase masks (0/-1 order):

! For low-cost production of for example DFB lasers fortelecommunications. Specified to 0,1Å precision andavailable in periods down to 200 nm.

Direct exposure service:

! IBSEN offers direct exposure on semiconductor DFB la-ser wafers.

OEM optoelectronic sensors:

! Among other sensors, IBSEN has developed a compactspectrometer for OEM customers.

Design and innovation consulting:

! IBSEN staff is experienced not only in the field of dif-fractive optics and integrated optics, but also in classicaloptics, optomechanics, optoelectronics, and systems us-ing these basic technologies.

Institute of Applied Physics,Odense University

Mailing addressNiels Bohrs Allé 1DK-5230 Odense M

Tel. +45 6314 0420

Fax +45 6314 0424

Web http://www.itf.sdu.dk

Contact personSøren Hassing, associate professor, Ph.D.e-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1998

Number of employees in:

1995: 0 1997: 0 1999: 7

Patent applications during the last five years: 0

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 1

Main activities in opticsThe aim of the institute is to carry out teaching and research inoptics, acoustics and information technology. The institute is quitenew (founded January 1998) and the scientific staff is still small.Teaching and in particular research are in still in the process ofbeing established, and since the scientific staff is expected toincrease to about 12 fulltime staff members, the research activ-ities will strongly increase.

At present, the research activities are concentrated on the fol-lowing areas:

! optical spectroscopy,

! holographic interferometry and electronic speckle inter-ferometry,

! acoustical transducers,

! acoustic fields including noise measurements, analysisand adjustment.

Optical spectroscopyIn optical spectroscopy, both theoretical as well as experimentalwork is carried out. The institute has a state-of-the-art spectrom-eter (Perkin-Elmer, Lambda 900 including Pela 1000 and Pela-1022 reflection options), which covers the NIR-VIS-UV spec-tral ranges and by which it is possible to perform measurementson even very difficult samples. We also have access to a Fouri-er-transform IR spectrometer. Measurements of resonance Ra-man spectra are carried out through our cooperation with otherleading experimental groups in Denmark and abroad.

Resonance Raman spectroscopy has for many years been an im-portant research activity for Søren Hassing (SH) and Ole Son-nich Mortensen (OSM). SH is developing methods for the cal-culation and interpretation of unpolarized and linearly polarizedexcitation spectra in resonance Raman spectroscopy. At present,it is investigated what kind of molecular information can be de-rived from the study of anti-resonance phenomena in the excita-tion spectra, near resonance with allowed and forbidden elec-tronic transitions. In this area SH works together with professorW. Dreybrodt and his group at University of Bremen, Germany.SH also studies mechanical deformation using Raman micros-copy in combination with holographic interferometry. OSM isdeveloping methods for the calculation of absorption and reso-nance Raman spectra combined with quantum-chemical calcu-lations, in particular interpretations of spectra of the transitionmetal complexes.

OSM also carries out research in near-infrared spectroscopy (lo-cal modes spectroscopy). Near-infrared spectroscopy makes useof the fact that every substance containing C-H, O-H or N-Hbonds shows a characteristic absorption band in the 3000 - 800nm spectral range. When near-infrared spectroscopy is combined

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 24

with chemometric methods, it is possible to quantitatively ana-lyze a large number of substances, in particular in the agricul-ture and food industry. A study of the near-infrared spectra ofthe pure substances can provide knowledge of the structure andintra/inter molecular interactions, which are of great importancefrom a fundamental scientific viewpoint. Up to now, no attemptsto combine the pure scientific field with the practical-analyticalfield has been done. An attempt to combine these areas will beperformed at the institute. OSM works together with professorBryan Henry at the University of Guelph, Canada, and profes-sor Henrik G. Kjaergaard at the University of Otago, NewZealand.

Holographic interferometry and electronic speckleinterferometryThe institute has experimental facilities for doing measurementsof static and dynamic surface deformation on the sub-micronscale, using holographic and electronic speckle interferometry.The equipment includes a thermoplastic camera, software for

unwrapping the interferograms and electroacoustic and electroop-tic modulators for doing dynamical measurements. A special tech-nique using diffuse object illumination has been developed, sothat it is possible to carry out measurements on specularly re-flecting surfaces without using any coating. At present SH andmaster-students Rene Lynge Eriksen and Thomas Sørensen areworking in this area. In their project dynamic measurements onvibrating acoustical transducers are performed. The aim is todevelop an optical test method for e.g., a loudspeaker, by whichits acoustical performance can be predicted. Recently a researchproject has been initiated. The main purpose of this project is tostudy the origin of noise in disc brakes. The project is an indus-trial Ph.D. project involving mathematical modeling of the dy-namic response of the brake system as well as measurements ofthe actual response. Holographic measurements of amplitude andphase are mandatory in order to verify models. Associate pro-fessor Jan Juel Thomsen from the Department of Solid Mechan-ics, Technical University of Denmark participates as advisor.

Institute of Physics,Aalborg University

Mailing addressPontoppidanstræde 103DK-9220 Aalborg Øst

Tel. +45 9635 9215

Fax +45 9815 6502

Web http://www.physics.auc.dk

Contact personKjeld Pedersene-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1984

Number of employees in:

1995: 7 1997: 7 1999: 7

Patent applications during the last five years: 0

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 10

Main activities in opticsA major part of the research and teaching activities at the Insti-tute of Physics is related to optics. On the educational side, theinstitute offers a five-semesters specialization in optical physicsleading to a M.Sc. Degree. This specialization covers large ar-eas in fundamental and applied optics, nonlinear optics, andquantum optics. The research at the Institute of Physics is fo-cused on studies of the interaction between light and matter aswell as the development of new optical techniques for charac-terization of materials.

The basic interactions between light and matter, in particularsurfaces and other low-dimensional systems are studied theo-retically. Linear and nonlinear optical properties and local fieldeffects in quantum wells, quantum wires, and nanometer-sizedrings are investigated. Furthermore, studies of spatial localiza-tion of photons, nonlinear near-field dynamics, and phaseconju-gation of light from mesoscopic size sources are conducted. Froma basic point of view, these systems give interesting possibilitiesfor studies of quantization effects caused by the low dimensionsof the materials.

Surfaces of materials are studied experimentally by optical sec-ond-harmonic generation spectroscopy in combination with othersurface sensitive techniques. The nonlinear optical techniqueoffers surface and interface sensitivity on the atomic monolayerscale. This is used for studies of semiconductor surfaces and thegrowth of thin metal films. Quantum well effects are studied insemiconductor/metal systems showing two-dimensional filmgrowth. Furthermore, scanning second-harmonic generation mi-croscopy has been developed for imaging of variations in non-linear properties of various inhomogeneous structures such aswaveguides and domains in various optical materials.

Scanning Probe Microscopy and, in particular, Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy (SNOM) is used as a technique forsurface characterization of materials at a subwavelength-sizedscale. The technique is used both for high-resolution (sub-wave-length) optical imaging and for local light-induced changes ofphotosensitive materials. Examples of applications include im-aging of biological samples, characterization of waveguides,imaging of surface plasmons, near-field optical holography, andoptical lithography. Recently, the high-resolution imaging capa-bilities of SNOM has been combined with surface-sensitive sec-

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 25

ond-harmonic generation, and thereby demonstrated highly sur-face-sensitive imaging of nonlinear optical properties of thinfilms.

In connection to experimental studies, models of the optical prop-erties of various materials are developed. The stability and light

Institute of Physics andAstronomy,University of Aarhus

Mailing addressNy Munkegade, building 520DK-8000 Aarhus C

Tel. +45 8942 2899

Fax +45 8612 0740

Web http://www.dfi.aau.dk/amo.htm

Contact personEugene Polzik, Professore-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1968

Number of employees in:

1995: 10 1997: 9 1999: 12

Patent applications during the last five years: 0

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 22

Main activities in opticsIn the Quantum Optics Laboratory Eugene Polzik and Jens LykkeSørensen concentrate on the areas of quantum measurements,laser cooled and trapped atoms, and quantum information. Theystudy quantum properties of light and atoms, they generate non-classical light and they investigate its interaction with matter.The ongoing projects include quantum cryptography with sin-gle photons, quantum memory with laser cooled atoms, telepor-tation of atoms and a time and frequency standard beyond quan-tum limits of accuracy.

Nis Bjerre applies ultrashort laser pulses, cold molecular beams,and fragment ion imaging to study the mechanisms of light in-duced rearrangements of simple molecules on the femtosecondtime scale. Wavelengths from the deep UV to the far infraredand tera-Hertz regimes are covered using various nonlinear op-tical processes.

Peter Balling studies ultrafast physical and chemical processeson metal surfaces. The tools include UHV equipment and ul-trashort (100 femtoseconds) laser pulses from a Ti:Sapphire la-ser system. Investigations include time-resolved photodesorp-tion and time-resolved core-level spectroscopy using femtosec-ond XUV pulses generated by higher-order harmonic genera-tion.

Torkild Andersen and Peter Balling study laser interaction withatomic negative ions accelerated in separators and in the ASTRIDstorage ring. High-resolution nanosecond dye lasers and sensi-tive detection techniques permit accurate spectroscopic infor-mation to be extracted, and nonlinear techniques (two-photonabsorption and the generation of extreme wavelengths) allowinvestigation of states that are otherwise inaccessible to opticalstudies.

Finn Folkmann and Jens Keldsen apply synchrotron radiationto study photoionization of positive ions of astrophysical andplasma physical interest: Based on an undulator beam line and aMiyake monochromator a rather intense beam of monoenerget-ic VUV photons with energies ranging from 15 eV to 180 eV ismerged collinearly with a positive ion beam followed by mag-netic separation of the various charge states, to allow for studiesof absolute photoionization cross sections.

Laser cooling of stored ions in the ASTRID storage ring is in-vestigated by Jeff Hangst with the focus on understanding ionbeam dynamics and limitations in the phase space density. As apart of the CERN based ATHENA project, a laser system fordoing two-photon spectroscopy on anti-hydrogen will be set upand tested by Jeff Hangst on a hydrogen cell in Aarhus.

The cold, trapped ion activity by Michael Drewsen and PaulBowe is based on laser cooling of atomic ions in radio-frequen-cy traps. The current main topics are:

! investigations of structural and dynamical properties ofso-called Coulomb crystals of atomic ions,

! sympathetic cooling and crystallization of atomic as wellas molecular ions that cannot be laser cooled directly,

! chemical reactions involving cold well-localized ions,

! quantum optics with few trapped ions with the aim ofstudying various aspects of multi-particle entanglement.

Theoretical activities are carried out by Klaus Mølmer in thefields of quantum optics, atom optics, laser-cooled atoms, Bose-Einstein condensates, and quantum information. AlexanderKozhekin provides theoretical back-up for experiments in theQuantum Optics Laboratory.

In addition to the optics and quantum optics activities mentionedabove, the Institute of Physics and Astronomy hosts a numberof activities where optical tools and methods are applied.

sensitivity of polymers for optical data storage is studied. A modeldescribing the electronic levels in thin metal films on semicon-ductors has been developed and numerical results are comparedto experimental data.

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 26

Commercial productsA specified goal for the Center for Quantum Information, foundedat the University of Aarhus in 1998 for a three year period, is tocarry out an analysis of the practical and commercial potential

IONAS A/S

Mailing addressCAT, Building 347Technical University of DenmarkDK-2800 Lyngby

Tel. +45 4525 6400

Fax +45 4525 6405

Web http://www.ionas.com

Contact personSøren LauridsenSales and marketing manager (fiber-optic products)e-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1997

Number of employees in:

1995: 0 1997: 5 1999: 25

Patent applications during the last five years: 5

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 1

Main activities in opticsCombining more than five years of research from NKT ResearchCenter, IONAS A/S was established in January 1997, as a spin-off company in the NKT Holding group, dedicated to the devel-opment and production of cutting-edge optical devices. The prod-uct range covers both Opto IC�s (integrated optical circuits) andfiber optic components for use in sensor and telecommunicationsystems.

The Opto IC product line at IONAS includes so-called wafers,based on Silica-on-Silicon technology. A special process has beendeveloped, which results in excellent control of the geometryand refractive index of the waveguide structures, high integra-tion, and low loss. The manufacturing technology for the wafersis a combination of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition(PECVD) for the formation of the silica layers and reactive ionetching (RIE) for the creation of the waveguide patterns. IO-NAS�s material system offers unique advantages in terms ofcompatibility with optical fibers and long-term stability in harshenvironments. The process is ideal for the realization of custom-er-designed integrated optical circuits such as variable opticalattenuators (VOA), arrayed waveguide gratings (AWG), powersplitters, and optical concentrators. These devices are used tosupport telecommunication and data communication equipmentfor building dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM)systems.

DWDM is a technique, which multiplies the data communica-tion capacity of the fiber-optic cables that form the backbone ofmodern fixed and mobile telecommunication networks. By us-ing DWDM systems, core network throughput can be multipliedby 16 to 32, without installing costly new cable links. DWDMsystems are used for long-haul applications as well as shorterdistance applications.

The other product line at IONAS includes fiber lasers based onErbium- and Erbium/Ytterbium-doped fiber and UV written fi-ber Bragg gratings. The fiber lasers are manufactured by induc-ing a precisely chosen fiber Bragg grating onto the core of anYtterbium-doped fiber using a specialized manufacturing tech-nique. These lasers find applications in advanced light wave sys-tems (dense WDM networks) due to the special fiber laser prop-erties such as ultra-low noise, extremely narrow linewidth, highwavelength accuracy, and long-term stability. In addition to tele-com applications, the lasers and Bragg gratings are producedfor a high variety of sensor applications, ranging from e.g. tem-perature and strain to gas absorption measurements, where theexcellent sensing properties of the fiber optic products are ad-vantageously used.

Commercial productsThe commercial products of IONAS are based on two technolo-gy platforms.

Opto IC�s (planar waveguide devices)The product range of the Opto IC�s consists of customer-de-signed variable optical attenuators (VOA), arrayed waveguidegratings (AWG), power splitters, and optical concentrators.

The devices are used to support telecommunications and datacommunication equipment for building dense wavelength divi-sion multiplexing (DWDM) systems.

Fiber lasers and fiber Bragg gratingsIONAS manufactures highly customized fiber lasers and Bragggrating filters for use in telecom networks, optical sensing, testand measurement, and laboratory work. The fiber laser repre-sents a new and interesting alternative to semiconductor lasers.It is well suited e.g., for high bit-rate, externally modulated, denseWDM networks, where it increases the capacity and flexibilityby increasing the available bandwidth. The fiber lasers and Bragg

of quantum cryptography and to disseminate its results to a groupof industrial partners. Quantum cryptography has been demon-strated in the Quantum Optics Laboratory in Aarhus (summer1999).

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 27

gratings are also produced for sensing applications due to thetheir extremely high sensitivity, immunity to electromagnetic ra-diation, small-size and lightweight properties.

Laser Interface Aps

Mailing addressCenter for Advanced Technology (CAT)Frederiksborgvej 399P. O. Box 30DK-4000 Roskilde

Tel. +45 4677 5931

Fax +45 4632 1919

Contact personHenrik Lausen

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1979

Number of employees in:

1995: - 1997: - 1999: 1

Patent applications during the last five years: 0

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 0

Main activities in opticsThe main activity is system design and software developmentfor laser optronics, particularly for visual purposes (laser dis-play systems) and implementations of laser scanners and modu-lators with PC control.

Commercial productsLaser Xi, a software system for PC control of laser projectiondisplays.

Lucent TechnologiesDenmark A/S

Mailing addressPriorparken 680DK-2605 Brøndby

Tel. +45 4345 8888

Fax +45 4345 5373

Contact personChristian Larsene-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1980

Number of employees in:

1995: 116 1997: 196 1999: 300

Patent applications during the last five years: 4

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 4

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 28

Martin Professional A/S

Mailing addressOlof Palmes allé 18DK-8200 Århus N

Tel. +45 8740 0000

Fax +45 8740 0010

Web http://www.martin.dk

Contact personFinn Kallestrupe-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1987

Number of employees in (total):

1995: 210 1997: 479 1999: 580

Patent applications during the last five years: N/A

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 0

Main activities in opticsMartin Professional A/S is the World�s largest manufacturer ofautomated lighting equipment. At its purpose-built research anddevelopment laboratories in Aarhus, the optical design teamworks in conjunction with the mechanical, electrical and soft-ware engineering teams in the development of a wide variety offixtures. The optics team work is based on geometrical opticsfor the design and optimization of optical systems to be usedwithin the lights. This work consists of the utilization of:

! reflector systems - using both condenser optics and singlecomponent reflectors,

Main activities in opticsLucent Technologies Denmark is wholly owned by the Ameri-can company Lucent Technologies � one of the world leaderswithin the telecommunications industry. Worldwide Lucent Tech-nologies employs more than 130,000 employees.

Lucent Technologies Denmark develops, produces and sells op-tical fibers. The products are sold all over the World, primarilyin Europe, The Middle East and Africa. The export share is above95%. An ongoing expansion has made Lucent TechnologiesDenmark one of the largest manufacturers of optical fibers inEurope.

Lucent Technologies Denmark traces its roots back to the 1970�s.At the time, the Technical University of Denmark, Danish tele-communication companies, and a major Danish cable manufac-turer began joint research and development. Using the knowl-edge gained from this effort, production of optical fiber prod-ucts began in 1980.

In 1987, we joined forces with AT&T, USA, to form LYCOM,an international vendor of high-quality optical fiber. Togetherthey combined the technical knowledge of AT&T with our ad-

vanced manufacturing capabilities. Over the next ten years,LYCOM greatly expanded its production capabilities and tech-nical achievements. The company started by developing an ar-ray of single-mode and multimode fibers. In 1989, it began pro-ducing rare earth doped fiber. During the 90�s it received ISO9001 certification and became wholly owned by AT&T and be-gan manufacturing dispersion-compensating fibers. In 1996,AT&T split into several companies and Lucent Technologies wasborn. In 1997, LYCOM changed its name to Lucent Technolo-gies Denmark.

Lucent Technologies Denmark can draw on the expertise of BellLabs Innovations. The scientists of Bell Labs have been respon-sible for many of the fundamental technical discoveries in thefield of communications. In fact, Bell Labs personnel have beenawarded an average of at least one US patent per day since 1925.That number has increased to an average of two patents per daysince the advent of Lucent Technologies. The activities of bellLabs give us access to the very leading edge of communicationstechnology.

! lens systems - from simple, single element lenses tomulti-element zoom systems,

! color systems - using dielectric interference filters incombination to construct arrays of available colors usingeither single filter combinations or continuously variablethree-color systems,

! image effects - multi-image prism effects, image distor-tion and morphing,

! thermal management - cold light reflectors, hot mirrorsand heat absorbing filters.

Development is done with an eye towards producing an afford-able unit that can be assembled using efficient state-of-the-artmanufacturing processes. This has enabled the products to beavailable to the mass market, a very successful policy that hasled to enormous growth and success of the company in recentyears.

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 29

Commercial productsFixtures are available for projection or general wash lighting.Projection is done either onto a screen or through a translucentmedium as a light beam profile. The beam is directed either us-ing a scanning mirror or by moving the body of the unit itself.The fixtures include remotely controllable variable parameters:color, position, and the orientation and selection of images (cou-pled with image manipulation effects). In combination, thesecan be manipulated to produce very interesting and eye-catch-ing effects.

Melles Griot Danmark

Mailing addressStenagervej 13DK-4100 Ringsted

Tel. +45 5761 5049

Fax +45 5761 6049

Web http://www.mellesgriot.com/MG-HOME.htm

Contact personLise Askjære-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1993

Number of employees in:

1995: 2 1997: 2 1999: 2

Main activities in opticsMelles Griot Danmark is sales office for the entire product pro-gram of Melles Griot and for our manufacturing divisions. Wehandle sales, service and technical support to our customers with-in industry, research & development and education.

Martin lights are used across a wide number of applications:from film, television, theatre, concerts, and nightclubs to con-ferences, tradeshows, exhibitions and increasingly, permanentarchitectural installations. Different units are produced tailoredto the specific demands of these applications and range fromsingle effect sound triggered units for mobile discos through tothe hugely sophisticated fully automated fixtures for the profes-sional production market.

Commercial productsMelles Griot manufactures a variety of products listed below.

Optical componentsSimple lenses, cylindrical lenses, achromats, complex lens sys-tems, high energy optics, prisms, mirrors, optical filters, beamsplitters, wave plates, and coatings.

Opto-mechanicsEquipment for mounting and positioning, optical tables, bread-boards, working stations, isolation systems, and nanoposition-ing equipment.

LasersHelium-neon lasers, diode lasers, argon-ion lasers, argon-kryp-ton lasers, and helium-cadmium lasers.

InstrumentsPower and energy meters, beam profilers, spectrum analyzers,wavefront analyzers, and diode daser drivers.

Nordic Laser Systems Ltd

Mailing addressHejreskovvej 18ADK-3490 Kvistgård

Tel. +45 4912 7790

Fax +45 4913 8442

Web http://www.nls.dk

Contact personPeter T. Lichtenberge-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1996

Number of employees in:

1995: - 1997: 5 1999: 6

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 30

Optical Diagnostics andInformation Processing,Risø National Laboratory

Mailing addressOptics and Fluid Dynamics DepartmentP. O. Box 49DK-4000 Roskilde

Tel. +45 4677 4504

Fax +45 4677 4565

Web http://www.risoe.dk/ofd

Contact personSteen Grüner Hanson, Head of Research Programe-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1970

Number of employees in:

1995: 16 1997: 16 1999: 17

Patent applications during the last five years: 10

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 11

Main activities in opticsThe research program Optical Diagnostics and Information Pro-cessing was formed in 1996 when the former Laser Section inthe department was split into two programs. The diverse projectsin this program prosper from mutual collaboration thus enablingdedicated project groups to be established quickly. The mainscientific projects in the program are described below.

Bio-opticsThe work in bio-optics incorporates many of the scientificprojects listed below, and involves collaboration with the otherprograms in the department. Of special interest is the work onnon-invasive probing of biological media using optical coher-ence tomography (OCT), photo-acoustic methods or infrared

techniques. A basic concept of importance for all these investi-gative techniques is the analysis of coherent and incoherent elec-tromagnetic field propagation through turbid, i.e. scattering andabsorbing, media.

Information processingThe extraction of information on the state of physical systemsfrom multidimensional data is of great importance in many as-pects of physics and optics. Methods from mathematical statis-tics, non-algorithmic processing, including neural networks, andlinear and nonlinear filtering are employed to the analysis ofbiological data and electronic signals.

Beam propagation through complex optical systemsAnalysis of the stochastic properties of light scattered from sur-faces collected by an optical system forms the basis for a widerange of optically based sensors. Of special practical interest areconfigurations where the scattering surface and/or the transmit-ting media can only be described by statistical means, for exam-ple through the interpretation of optical speckle patterns.

Programmable phase opticsThis project is concerned with the development and applicationof new techniques for the manipulation and modulation of theoptical phase within two-dimensional wavefronts. Methodsbased on a generalised phase-contrast scheme have been appliedto systems for: the �lossless� projection of light, phase-onlyoptical encryption and decryption and the generation of dynam-ic light intensity fields, such as required in optical tweezer sys-tems. Other areas of work include liquid-crystal spatial lightmodulators, active and adaptive optics, common path interfer-ometry and wavefront sensing.

Patent applications during the last five years: 0

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 0

Main activities in opticsNordic Laser systems was founded in 1996 with the purpose ofproducing solid-state lasers for industrial and scientific use. Nor-dic Laser Systems bases its products on the newest solid-statetechnology. The basic technology is based on diode lasers aspump source and laser crystals as the lasing medium. Apart fromhaving excellent beam parameters, solid-state lasers have manyadvantages compared to conventional lamp pumped systems.Power consumption as well as size is reduced by typically oneor two orders of magnitude.

Commercial productsNordic Laser Systems Ltd. main product is a diode pumped la-ser with output power of 100 mW and wavelength 532 nm. Thelaser is specifically designed for graphics use where beam qual-ity and stability is important. The beam is emitted in a pure TEM

00

mode and with only one longitudinal mode present. The ampli-tude stability is less than 0.5% over five minutes and varies lessthan 2% over eight hours.

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 31

Sensor systemsThe work on optical sensor systems is focused on the develop-ment of compact optical systems especially for measuring me-chanical parameters, i.e., displacement, velocity, rotations, etc.Another aspect that is investigated is the LIDAR technique. Aproject has been started that focuses on applying this techniquein conjunction with wind power stations.

Fourier Transform Infrared SpectroscopyFourier Transform Spectrometry (FTIR) is a powerful tool formeasuring transmittance as well as emittance (non-intrusive)spectra at good spectral resolution in the spectral range from 0.8- 25 µm. The laboratory is well equipped with a wide range ofinstruments, and accessories. Main research areas: Development

of new methods for accurate temperature measurements, fastmethods for extracting the gas composition from infrared spec-tra, studies of hot gases and medical applications. Applications:measurement of the optical properties of materials (surface, par-ticles, gas, liquids, tissue), in situ measurements in industrialprocesses, temperature of flames and particles, remote sensingof gas composition, emissivity of surfaces, chemical composi-tion of powders, etc.

Temperature- and IR-calibrationCertified temperature calibration is offered over the completetemperature range from �500° C to 20000° C. The calibration ofnon-contact temperature sensors covering the spectral regionfrom 1 µm to 50 µm is also undertaken.

Optical Materials,Risø National Laboratory

Mailing addressOptics and Fluid Dynamics DepartmentP. O. Box 49DK-4000 Roskilde

Tel. +45 4677 4511

Fax +45 4677 4565

Web http://www.risoe.dk/ofd

Contact personPer Michael Johansen, Head of Research Programe-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1996

Number of employees in:

1995: 0 1997: 14 1999: 16

Patent applications during the last five years: 10

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 10

Main activities in opticsThe Research Program on Optical Materials was formed in 1996to unify the growing research activities on optical materials thatwere present in the Optics and Fluid Dynamics Department. Inthe research program, the main emphasis is on the general as-pects of interaction between coherent laser light and various or-ganic and inorganic optical materials. Several of our projectsare co-financed with Danish and international industry. Threemain lines of research are described below.

Polymer opticsDevelopment, characterization, theoretical modeling and fabri-cation of new optical materials for application in optical mea-surement systems are undertaken. Recently, an injection-mold-ing machine has been installed for fabrication of diffractive op-

tics. This in conjunction with master fabrication and a castingtechnique represents a technological platform for replication.The masters for reproduction are fabricated by means of an in-house built nanoplotter or by holographic recording. Polymersfor optical data storage and processing are also investigated andthin films of transparent materials are being produced by meansof laser assisted deposition (laser ablation).

LasersImprovements of the beam characteristics of semiconductor la-sers by means of nonlinear materials are investigated. A newlaser diode array with external phase conjugate feedback hasbeen developed. This laser system has unique coherence prop-erties and has added many new possible commercial applica-tions of high power laser diode arrays. In addition, refractiveindex sensing by means of light beating in coupled lasers is stud-ied. The lasers are used in the fields of biological and medicaloptics, and in the printing industry.

Nonlinear opticsFundamental investigations of light propagation in nonlinearorganic and inorganic dynamical optical media are performed.The field encompasses theory and experiments on parametricprocesses, such as subharmonic generation, in nonlinear photo-refractive media and on the fundamental properties, such as quan-tum calculations of polarizability, quantum efficiency, absor-bance. This field of research is intimately related to the researchand educational activities taking place in the Graduate Schoolin Nonlinear Science.

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 32

OptoTel A/S

Mailing addressSkovlytoften 4P.O. Box 124DK-2840 Holte

Tel. +45 4541 0506

Fax +45 4541 0730

Web http://www.optotel.dk

Contact personGert Rasmussene-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1994

Number of employees in:

1995: 2 1997: 4 1999: 6

Patent applications during the last five years: 0

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 0

Main activities in opticsOptoTel A/S was founded in December 1993 by OptoTel�s Chair-man Louay Ali, Gert Rasmussen - the Managing Director, andSami Ali who is also a Director of the firm.

OptoTel A/S acts as a manufacturer�s representative and distrib-utor of electronic components focussing on telecommunicationsapplications, specializing in fiber optic related components andICs for transmission in data and telecom networking and ATM.

Since OptoTel�s foundation, the company has grown in terms ofsales, suppliers represented and geographical coverage.OptoTel now counts all the major telecommunications compa-nies in the Nordic countries as customers, in applications suchas switching transmission, CATV, mobile communications, anddata networking.

The Nordic countries have had a long history at the forefront oftelecommunications technology development and manufactur-ing. Denmark has particularly flourishing datacoms, telecomtransmission and mobile communications markets; which con-tinue to outgrow other sectors of the economy. This market needsto be addressed by leading suppliers in the respective fields, many

of whom choose to do so using distributors and representativeswith the local experience and expertise required to develop themarket for these products. Customers in this market drive theirbusiness operations through technological and service strength,and therefore need to work closely with suppliers and agentswith a high degree of technical ability, and high levels of com-mercial service.

OptoTel A/S aims to provide this high degree of skill and levelof service, adding value to our customers� design and produc-tion efforts, our suppliers� marketing and technical strengths; byworking as a distributor and where appropriate as a manufactur-er�s representative.

We represent 20 companies, all with high profiles in their fields.These include important suppliers such as Sumitomo ElectricIndustries, Epitaxx Inc., TDK Semiconductors, PMC-Sierra, andVectron International (including VTI, Vectron Labs, KVG andother companies) as well as other specialist suppliers of opto-components and test equipment.

Commercial productsPrimarily from Sumitomo Electric and Epitaxx Inc. we offer awide product range optical components for transmission appli-cations such as transceivers for LAN and WAN, receivers andtransmitters for SONET/SDH, pump lasers, Fabry-Perot lasersfor CATV and telecom. Furthermore, we offer a wide range ofphotodetectors for several applications including dense WDM,CATV as well as test and measurement.

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 33

Plasma physics and FluidDynamics,Risø National Laboratory

Mailing addressOptics and Fluid Dynamics DepartmentP. O. Box 49DK-4000 Roskilde

Tel. +45 4677 4537

Fax +45 4677 4565

Web http://www.risoe.dk/ofd

Contact personJens Juul Rasmussene-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: N/A

Number of employees in:

1995: 2 1997: 3 1999: 3

Patent applications during the last five years: 1

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: N/A

Main activities in opticsResearch interests include development of novel optical diag-nostic techniques and studies of nonlinear optical dynamics.

Current work in optical diagnostics is directed towards:

1) Spatially resolved measurements of turbulent density fluctu-ations in magnetically confined fusion research plasmas. A CO

2

laser based light scattering system for two point correlation mea-surements, developed at Risø, is operated at the W7-AS torus inGarching, Germany. An upgraded system for the used at the newGerman-stellarator in Greifwald is under development.

2) Direct wave solutions of the vectorial Maxwell equations inthe time domain based on accurate spectral methods are em-ployed for design and optimization of diffractive optical ele-ments with sub-wavelength gratings, e.g. focussing grating cou-plers.

Current work in nonlinear dynamics covers pattern formationand soliton dynamics in various bulk nonlinear media:

1) The formation of spatial patterns in cavity resonators withquadratic nonlinear bulk media (so-called χ(2)-media) are inves-tigated theoretically and numerically. Threshold powers for thepattern formation are predicted. Experimental verification of thepredictions is initiated.

2) General conditions for the existence and stability of solitarystructures of light propagation in plasmas and nonlinear mediawith different types of nonlinearity (e.g. Kerr-media, saturablemedia, and χ(2)-media) are investigated. Also the self-focusingand collapse dynamics of light beams in such media with nor-mal as well as anomalous dispersion properties are studied. Theinvestigations comprise coherent as well as incoherent lightbeams.

Purup-Eskofot A/S

Mailing addressSønderskovvej 5DK-8520 Lystrup

Tel. +45 8743 4343

Fax +45 8743 4445

Web http://www.purup-eskofot.com

Contact personHans Peter Ballegaarde-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1979

Number of employees in:

1995: 13 (650) 1997: 13 (660) 1999: 13 (550)

Patent applications during the last five years: 2

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 0

Main activities in opticsDesign of complete laser and optical systems for output scan-ners. The laser systems includes argon-ion laser sources, HeNelasers, laser diodes and Nd:YAG lasers, and lately fiber ampli-fied high-power lasers. Modulation of gas lasers by acousto-optical modulators and laser diodes by direct modulation, fromDC to 50 MHz. The modulated laser beam is delivered throughsinglemode fiber optics of own design and manufacture. We as-semble, connect, polish and pigtail all of our fiber optics.

The optics includes multi adjustable mechanics for beam align-ing purposes, and it is based around standard catalog achromatsand diaphragms.

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 34

Purup-Eskofot A/S

Mailing addressIndustriparken 35-37DK-2750 Ballerup

Tel. +45 4473 6666

Fax +45 4473 6767

Web http://www.purup-eskofot.com

Contact personMichael Raunkjære-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1941

Number of employees in:

1995: 3 (730) 1997: 3 (700) 1999: 3 (650)

Patent applications during the last five years: 0

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 0

Main activities in opticsThe company is concerned with two types of optics systems.

Laser optics for Ar-ion, HeNe, Frequency doubled YAGlasers, YAG lasers and fiber lasers.We build systems based on standard lenses, but have made ourown singlemode fiber optics solution. We have developed opto-mechanical techniques as well as ways of aligning, focusing andimplementing the optics. Furthermore, we are using special madelenses for certain purposes and high-speed monogon deflectorswith speeds up to 45000 rpm. We have been involved in severalprojects on developing lasers.

Optics for CCD elementsWe are using custom-made six lens objectives to focus light onspecial made CCD sensors. Special light bulbs and color filtershave been developed to control the color and intensity of thelight as well as special made fiber optic light conductors forlight guidance.

Ways of intensive quality control are developed. Many compo-nents are developed in close relationship with specialist compa-nies.

A rotating aerodynamic mirror/spindle projects the beam to theinternal of a cylindrical wall, where the photosensitive materialis placed. The mirror may rotate up to 48000 rpm, creating awriting speed of more than 900 m/s. Pixel resolution at this speedis 2540 dots pr. inch (dpi).

All laser and optical systems are designed in-house, includingelectronics and mechanical parts. Design of input scanning op-tics for large size high-resolution flat bed image scanning sys-tems. This includes lamp design, color filtering, CCD line scancameras, and imaging lenses.

Commercial productsA product portfolio ranging over the entire pre-press workingprocess from the input of digital data to the output of plate-readyfilm or printing plates (PostScript based internal drum image-setters, strong RIP�s with special software and advanced serv-ers, different computer-to-plate systems, CCD based EskoScanscan systems for newspapers, printers etc.).

Commercial productsPurup-Eskofot - the combined strength of two leading pre-presssuppliers Purup Prepress and Eskofot - two of the world�s lead-ing suppliers to the prepress industry, with long-established rep-utations of which they are justifiably proud - have joined forces.

The new Purup-Eskofot combines the strengths, the complemen-tary skills and the product ranges of the two companies, formingan important new force in the graphic arts industry.

Purup-Eskofot is now a single-source supplier of scanning andCCD technology, image-setting and laser technology, comput-er-to-plate and integration technology, RIP and server technolo-gy and special computer software, with all the related technolo-gies.

Purup-Eskofot has one overall mission: to supply highly pro-ductive, high-quality digital solutions to the graphic arts indus-try.

Wide range of state-of-the-art digital productsThe new Purup-Eskofot is now one of the leading suppliers tothe graphic arts industry when it comes to a complete range ofdigital solutions.

Purup-Eskofot provides a fully comprehensive range of prod-ucts, including scanners with formats from 13"×18" to 36"×48"and with CopyDot technology that makes it possible to scan pre-screened 4-colour film, fax systems for remote data transmis-sion, high capacity file servers and sophisticated RIP equipmentwith true workflow management, internal drum film and poly-ester plate image-setters with formats ranging from B3 to B1,contact frames, platemakers and computer-to-plate systems, withall the related technologies and ancillary equipment.

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 35

Radiometer Medical A/S

Mailing addressÅkandevej 21DK-2700 Brønshøj

Contact personSøren-Christian Krogh

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1980

Number of employees in:

1995: 18 1997: 20 1999: 20

Patent applications during the last five years: 10

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 1

Main activities in opticsRadiometer Medical�s interest in optics is based both on directoptical measurements and optical chemical sensors for measur-

ing various parameters in blood; optical measurement/monitor-ing of liquid flow in thin channels; and illumination of vital partsof the analyzers. Radiometer Medical develops and manufac-tures spectrometers, exposure units, and fluid sensors for thispurpose.

Commercial productsRadiometer Medical�s most important product group is analyz-ers for measurement on human blood. The analyzers measureblood gasses, electrolytes, metabolites, hemoglobin concentra-tion, the oxygen saturation of the blood, and possible occur-rence of carbon monoxide hemoglobin and other derivates. Re-cently a new 128 channel spectrometer in the visible range hasbeen designed and introduced. A new method for measuringcarbon dioxide in the mid infrared range at 4.3 µm has beenintroduced, and also new optical chemical sensors for pH andoxygen measurements have been introduced.

Research Center COM

Mailing addressBuilding 349Technical University of DenmarkDK-2800 Lyngby

Tel. +45 4525 6352

Fax +45 4593 6581

Web http://www.com.dtu.dk

Contact personJørn Hvame-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1974

Number of employees in:

1995: 59 1997: 67 1999: 72

Patent applications during the last five years: 13

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 75

Main activities in opticsResearch Center COM (Communications, Optics and Materi-als) is an autonomous research organization located at the cam-pus of the Technical University of Denmark. COM was foundedin 1998 and its mission is to strengthen the Danish educationand research efforts on optical and communication technolo-gies. The center, which counts about 70 researchers, has a uniqueintegration of activities spanning from materials and components

to systems and networks. COM has system and network labora-tories with modern test equipment. This includes BER testing at40-80 Gbit/s in addition to sampling scopes, lightwave analyz-ers, streak cameras etc. COM is also running local network oncampus for test of new network technologies. For fabrication ofcomponents, COM has world class process facilities availablefor glass components and access to epitaxial growth and pro-cess facilities for III-V semiconductor materials and components.The laboratory facilities also include advanced material charac-terization including state-of-the-art femtosecond linear and non-linear optical spectroscopy. For modeling and design the COMcenter has a whole range of computers available and has accessto advanced tools for waveguide and component simulations aswell as design and simulation tools for transmission systems andnetworks. The staff of the center has long experience in carryingout research projects for foreign and domestic organizations andcompanies, such as the European Space Agency, EU ResearchPrograms (ACTS, RACE and ESPRIT), and Danish Telecomorganizations. COM hosts an STVF-funded national researchprogram on semiconductor components for optical processing(SCOOP) in collaboration with the company GIGA A/S.

Commercial productsProduct development through collaboration with industrial part-ners.

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 36

SDC DanDisc A/S

Mailing addressSkifervej 2DK-4990 Sakskøbing

Tel. +45 5470 2300

Fax +45 5470 4999

Web http://www.sdc-dandisc.com

Contact personClaus Hviid Poulsene-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1987

Number of employees in:

1995: N/A 1997: N/A 1999: N/A

Patent applications during the last five years: N/A

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: N/A

Main activities in opticsAt SDC DanDisc, optics is used in the manufacturing of bothCD and DVDs. In the former case a purpose-build laser writingsystem is used to �burn� micron size pits in a photoablative poly-

Sensor Technology Center A/S

Mailing address(till mid-2000)Park Alle 345DK-2605 Brøndby, Denmark

Tel. +45 4326 7000

Fax +45 4326 7011

Web (under construction)

Contact personLars Lading, Managing Director

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1999

Number of employees in:

1995: - 1997: - 1999: 1

Main activitiesThe Sensor Technology Center A/S is being established by fourinstitutes under the Danish Academy of Technical Sciences andthe Danish Technological Institute. It is closely connected with

a major initiative on sensor technology by the Danish Ministryof Trade and Industry. The Center is expected to be the majorDanish vendor of information on sensor technology through aclose network with science and technology centers.

A very large part of future sensors are anticipated to be based onoptical technology. This will include simple proximity devicesas well as advanced biomedical sensors.

Complex measuring systems are transferred to robust industrialsensors by several technologies:

! Optoelectronics for the generation and detection of light.Semiconductors are essential for for compact, robust andlow cost devices.

! Hybrid optics where diffractive, refractive and wave-guides are integrated to form passive optical devices thatcannot be made with current refractive optics technology.

! Polymers will play an increasing role in the implementa-tion of such optical components and are also anticipatedto provide the basis of low-cost light emitters and detec-tors.

Copyright: Lars R. Lindvold, 1999.

mer coating, that has been applied to a glass disc. This glassmaster is subsequently copied into a nickel plate by means ofelectroforming. This electroformed copy serves as the tool inthe injection moulding process where polycarbonate discs arefabricated. The DVD is fabricated using a similar replicationprocess. The master is, however, made on photoresist that re-quires a wet chemical processing. Optical methods are used fortesting and quality control of the CD and DVDs.

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 37

SolData Denmark

Mailing addressLinåbakken 13DK-8600 Silkeborg

Tel. +45 8684 1196

Fax +45 8684 1597

Web http://www.soldatadk.com

Contact personFrank Basone-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1979

Number of employees in:

1995: 2 1997: 2 1999: 2

Patent applications during the last five years: 0

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 1

Main activities in opticsThe company has participated independently and in the role ofconsultant to a number of clients in the development of newoptical detectors from the ultraviolet to the far infrared spectral

This picture, taken by Paul Eriksen, Denmark�s Meteorological Insti-tute at Thule, Greenland, shows a SolData narrow band radiometer(left) used in the study of tropospheric aerosol.

Manufacturing methods will borrow from electronic and opticalcommunication technologies, but will also be based on fabrica-tion schemes developed for high precision forming of plastics.

region. Our specialties are detector design and calibration of spec-tral responsivity, directional responsivity and absolute responseof optical detectors.

Commercial productsPyranometers for the measurement of global (direct and diffuse)solar radiation. Pyrheliometers for measurement of direct solarradiation. Broadband detectors for uniform response measure-ment of the region from 250 - 20000 nm. Narrow band detectorsfor the measurement of spectral irradiance at specific wavelengthsin the UVB, UVA, visible and near-infrared regions.

Stensborg ApS

Mailing addressCenter for Advanced TechnologyFrederiksborgvej 399P. O. Box 30DK - 4000 Roskilde

Tel. +45 4677 5930

Fax +45 4632 1919

Web http://www.stensborg.dk

Contact personJan Stensborge-mail: [email protected]

Applications are in manufacturing, medical diagnostics, and foodproduction and monitoring. Environmental control will verymuch be based on opto-chemical sensors.

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 38

es, the Optics Group is responsible for Ph.D.-level courses inoptics, i.e., the course �Nonlinear Optics�, which is offered incooperation with the Dept. of Optics and Fluid Dynamics at Risøand the COM center at DTU.

The research at the Optics Group encompasses new methods inoptical diagnostics and measurement of flows (e.g. laser ane-mometry and particle image velocimetry) and particle size (inparticular of sub-micron particles). It also works with pulse ho-lography, optical processing of information, optical correlationand wavefront correcting optics in astronomical telescopes.

Within nonlinear optics the main topic at this time is the gener-ation, control and diagnostics of new coherent light sources in-cluding wave mixing processes in nonlinear crystals and controlof coherence in solid-state lasers and semiconductor lasers. Alsoof current interest is photorefractive processes, in particular asthey apply to holographic data processing and control. We alsostudy holographic instabilities, dynamic pattern formation andtransport in holographic and other nonlinear materials with run-ning gratings.

In the year 1999, we start a cooperation on medical and biolog-ical applications of optics between DTU and Risø with industryparticipation. Various initiatives including educational ones willbe taken in order to further the interest in biological and medicalapplications of optics and to prepare students and young research-ers to participate in the initiative.

The group cooperates with various institutes abroad and alsohas tradition for extended cooperation with industry, e.g. throughMS and Ph.D.-thesis projects. Special joint research projects helpnew industries to exploit new research results commercially.

The Optics Group,Technical University of Denmark

Mailing addressDepartment of PhysicsBuilding 309DK-2800 Lyngby

Tel. +45 4588 1611

Fax. +45 4593 1669

Web http://info.fysik.dtu.dk/optics

Contact personPreben Buchhavee-mail: [email protected]

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1989

Number of employees in:

1995: 8 1997: 8 1999: 6

Patent applications during the last five years: 0

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 17

Main activities in opticsThe Optics Group at DTU is one of the five priority groups atthe Dept. of Physics. It takes responsibility for education, re-search and dissimination of information on basic optics and pho-tonics at DTU. The group was established in 1989 and has de-veloped the 9 courses currently offered in optics ranging frombasic optics through Fourier optics, nonlinear optics, quantumoptics and optical measurements (see the section on educationin optics in Denmark). The staff has published books and lec-ture notes covering most of these topics and has developed labcourses in modern optics. In addition to the masters level cours-

ProfileFirst activities in optics: 1998

Number of employees in:

1995: - 1997: - 1999: 2

Patents application during the last five years: 3

Ph.D. projects during the last five years: 0

Main activities in opticsThe activities are focused on the graphics industry. Visual andnon-visual diffractive structures, developing of new methods andapplication techniques for high quality fabrication of micro- andnanostructures.

Commercial productsConsultancy service to industrial clients.

Stensborg ApS has a range of commercial available DOE andHOE products, in stock and custom designed. Materials cover awide range of polymers and even metals.

Stensborg ApS distribute a range of thin holograms as well asvolume holograms, transmission and reflection.

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 39

Aalborg University offers study programs in optical physics forM.Sc. students in engineering (civilingeniør) as well as in phys-ics (cand. scient.). The structure of the programs leading to spe-cialization in optics is shown in the diagram. Both programsstart with one year of basic studies (basisåret) after which thestudents are separated. The M.Sc. students in engineering fol-low three semesters in an engineering study program, such aselectrical or mechanical engineering. The two directions are sincejoined in two semesters of general physics (Phy1 and Phy2).Finally, the last three semesters are composed by a Master�s lev-el education in optical physics. If the M.Sc. study program inphysics is chosen, however, the basic study year will be fol-lowed by five semesters of mathematics and physics. The stu-dent attends an additional semester of general physics (Phy3)where aspects of communication of physics necessary for teach-ing (gymnasiet) are introduced. Subsequently, it is possible tospecialize in optical physics parallel with the engineering studyprogram.

The scope of the education in optical physics is to produce can-didates capable of participating in technological developmentand research projects in optics. Through the specializing course,the students are trained to contribute to the solution of new andcomplicated problems using the latest mathematical and scien-tific methods. The education is project-centered; i.e., every se-mester is completed by a project work within a specific subject.A number of project-related courses (projektunderstøttende kurs-er, PE) are attached to the project. The topics of these coursesmay vary from year to year. Furthermore, general courses (stud-ieenhedskurser, SE) are given, consisting of fundamental phys-ical disciplines such as electromagnetics and quantum optics.The contents of the courses are shown in the table below.

Finally, it should be mentioned that Aalborg University also of-fers Ph.D.-programs specializing in optical physics. The Ph.D.-students attend PE and SE courses corresponding to the approx-imate duration of one semester. Examples of SE-courses areMathematical Physics and Writing and Reviewing Scientific Pa-pers. Furthermore, the Institute of Physics gives proper PE-cours-es for Ph.D.-students, e.g., Optical Properties of Atoms and Con-densed Matter.

Contact personKeld PedersenAalborg UniversityInstitute of PhysicsPontoppidanstræde 103DK-9220 Aalborg Ø

Education and training in optics at

Aalborg University

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Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 40

Education and training in optics at

Odense University

The Institute of Applied Physics was formed January 1998 bythe University of Southern Denmark - Odense University andThe Engineering College of Odense with the following aims:

! to carry out research and development in applied physicsparticularly in the fields of optics and acoustics (see re-search section),

! to be responsible for the new M.Sc.E. degree program inPhysics and Technology.

The masters program is organized in two ways:

! a two-year program following a bachelor degree in Elec-trical Engineering,

! an integrated five-year program.

In both masters programs the final project has a duration of oneyear.

Both masters programs contain a mixture of courses offered byThe Engineering College of Odense, The Institute of Physics,Odense University and by The Institute of Applied Physics.

At present the optical package of the masters program is as fol-lows.

1. Compulsory coursesTF 11: Fundamental Optics (6 ECTS credicts), 4th semester,

TF 12: Advanced Optics (6 ETCS credicts), 5th semester,

TF 13: Optical Spectroscopy and Chemometrics (6 ECTS cre-dicts), 6th semester.

The form of instruction of each course is as follows:

Lectures: 30 hours.Laboratory classes: 30 hours.

2. Elective coursesTF 14: Holographic and Electronic Speckle Interferometry(6 ECTS credicts)

Form of instruction:Lectures and group work: 40 hours.Experimental project: 20 hours.

The number of elective courses will increase, when the scientif-ic staff of the institute increases.

The details of the topics covered by all the courses in the mas-ters program can be found on our web-site www.itf.sdu.dk.

3. ProjectsAn essential part of the instruction in the total masters programis project-oriented.

The optical package therefore contains 3 projects:

TF-Project 1 (12 ETCS credicts), 5th semester

TF-Project 2 (12 ETCS credicts), 6th semester

TF-Project 3 (12 ETCS credicts), 7th semester,

where optical and acoustical subjects are combined together withan extensive use of Internet technology.

The courses in the optical package are offered as elective cours-es to students attending the bachelor-program in electrical engi-neering at the Engineering College of Odense and to studentsattending the masters program in physics at Odense University.

Contact personSøren HassingOdense UniversityInstitute of Applied PhysicsNiels Bohrs Allé 1DK-5230 Odense M

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 41

Education and training in optics at

Technical University of Denmark

The topics covered by the training in Applied Classical andModern Optics at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU)are included in three groups titled Optics/Photonics, IntegratedOptics and Communication.

The Optics Group at the Department of Physics takes care of theinstruction in fundamental and general optics while the morespecialised subjects are given at the Optics Group and at theCentre for Communications, Optics and Materials, (COM ). Thelevel reach from undergraduate (Science Centre) over the grad-uate to the postgraduate level (MS and Ph.D. courses and re-search projects).

Aim of the education1. Studying optics should provide the DTU candidates with abroad and fundamental knowledge about optics.

2. DTU candidates who wish to specialize within the field ofoptics must accomplish the following tasks:

! be able to use the optical technology and optical measur-ing methods as part of their engineer-/research work,

! to utilize optical principles using presents and futurecomponents in an optical system design and developmentof equipment,

! to compete internationally within development as well asutilizing advanced optical equipment.

3. DTU is offering an education for scientists at a high levelwithin the field of modern photonics, integrated optics and opti-cal communication.

Structure of coursesThe optics curriculum encompasses seven course offerings withinmodern optics.

The Fundamental Optics is an introductory course. The pur-pose of this course is to give the student an understanding andpractical knowledge of passive and active optical componentsand their application. The course has two main purposes:

! to give an application-oriented introduction to the fun-damental optics; the course introduces the student tolight sources, detectors and optical components in orderto give a balanced and self-contained course in optics,

! to inspire the students to continue within the fast ex-panding optical field; this course serves as prerequisiteto the following optical courses.

The fundamental optics is prerequisite for all the succeedingcourses.

Fourier-Optics and Holography deals with the physical opticsintroducing diffraction theory, coherence theory, Fourier-opticsand signal analysis. Several applications of Fourier-optics foroptical information processing and holographic information stor-age are discussed.

Lasers introduce the fundamental properties of lasers and laser-light.

Based on these fundamental courses follows the more advancedcourses within:

Optical Design and Optical Systems provide the students withthe fundamental knowledge and skill for designing and evaluat-ing optical systems for information transfer.

Nonlinear Optics gives the students a sufficiently advanced in-troduction to the mechanisms of the interaction between matterand laser radiation so that they are able to follow the develop-ment within the area of nonlinear optics, and that they are ableto apply this knowledge in research and development.

Quantum Optics introduces the student to the semi-classicaldescription as well as to the full quantum theoretical descriptionof the interaction between matter and radiation including thequantum optical description of interference and coherence aswell as noise phenomena in detectors and lasers and phenomenasuch as squeezed light.

Optical Measurement Techniques aims to give the student abroad understanding of principles of optical measurements, boththeoretical and in practical applications.

Biomedical optics aims at giving an introduction to optical meth-ods for imaging in human tissue, new laser systems for medicaldiagnostics and therapy, optical biosensors and non-invasivespectroscopy in the human eye and biomedical image process-ing.

Courses related to Optics at Research Center COMSemiconductor Optoelectronics.The fundamental principles ofoptoelectronics are introduced. The student will learn fundamen-tal semiconductor optics and physics related to emission anddetection of light.

Integrated optics. The aim is to give the student a solid back-ground in the physical and technological understanding of opti-cal integrated circuits and systems.

Practical integrated optics. Introduces the student to the practi-cal side of integrated optics through exercises and project work.

Physics of semiconductor optical devices. The aim is to pro-vide the student with a solid understanding of the physics ofadvanced semiconductor optical devices.

Optical communication. To enable the student to understandand analyze components used in optical communication systems.

Optical communication systems. To give the student insight intoadvanced applications of optical communication and new com-munication techniques.

Optical networks. To give the students a detailed knowledge ofthe most recent research within optical networks.

Experimental and computational photonics. Involved practi-cal experimental work or modeling/computer simulation.

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 42

The Ph.D. study programFor the past few years, the Optics Group at Department of Phys-ics have in average had 2-3 Ph.D.-students each year.

There are at present 33 Ph.D. students at COM.

A Danish Ph.D. school in optics has been organised (supportedby The Academia of Science) in collaboration with the OpticalGroup at MIC, COM and with assistance from OFD, Risø Na-tional Laboratory, in order to fulfil the formal courses (5 semes-ters or equivalent summer school) should be part of the Ph.D.education. The first course was held in autumn 1994 with theemphasis on nonlinear optics and quantum optics. The nextcourse was organised as an International summer school givenon Krogerup High School, June 2-8, 1997. The courses werecarried out by professors from the Optics Group, MIC, OFD atRisø National Laboratory, and internationally known professors.The emphasis was on transmission in waveguides and free-spaceand statistical optics.

Some of the courses from the Optics Group and COM are in-cluded in the Ph.D. school.

Other initiativesDespite it has never been the intention that DTU should giveclasses to high school students, the Optics Group find that thereis a need for motivating the high school students to increasetheir knowledge of optics before leaving school. One may won-der that the optics does not have a higher priority at the highschool level, especially in relation to the fact, it is an excitingarea, which is easy to visualize as well as considering the impor-tance optics has in modern technology. Therefore, the OpticsGroup, supported by DTU, has created a small optical sciencecenter �LYS, I NYT LYS� with 16 exciting exhibitions, wherehigh school students spend a day to make experiments or evencreate their �final exercise� in physics. �LYS, I NYT LYS� isyearly visited by 25-30 high school classes.

Contact personErik DalsgaardTechnical University of DenmarkDepartment of PhysicsBuilding 309DK-2800 Lyngby

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 43

Education and training in optics at

University of Aarhus

At the University of Aarhus, optics is part of the following in-troductory courses:

Atoms, nuclei and particles

(4 lectures, 3 exercise lessons per week in fall semesters)

In the course, the theory of atomic decay and emission of radia-tion is presented.

Atomic physics

(2 lectures, 2 exercise lessons per week, fall and spring)

The last third of the course introduces atomic coherence andinterference effects, two-photon processes, atoms in optical res-onators, cooling and trapping of atoms with light and magneticfields.

Atomic dynamics and collisions

(2 lectures per week, spring semesters)

This course on collision dynamics provides an introduction toatomic collisions in laser fields and to multiphoton processes inatoms.

Optics and Quantum Optics are central in the following special-ized courses:

Modern optics and laser physics

(2 lectures, 1 exercise lesson per week, fall 1999 and spring2000)

A general introduction to geometrical optics, interference anddiffraction, dispersion and optical properties of materials, light-matter interaction on the basis of the Schrodinger equation andrate equations, laser operation, non-linear optics including high-

er-order harmonic generation, parametric couplings, stimulatedRaman and Brillouion effects.

Femtosecond studies of atoms, molecules and solids

(2 lectures, 2 exercise lessons per week in spring semesters)

The course covers the formation and fundamental aspects of fem-tosecond laser pulses, interactions between matter and light intime domain, formations and use of ultra short pulses with ex-treme wavelengths, such as femtosecond THz pulses and femto-second X-rays.

Quantum Optics

(2 lectures per week in spring semesters)

A general introduction to central topics in quantum optics: quan-tization of the radiation field, photodetection theory, coherentand squeezed states of light, interactions between light and two-and three-level atoms, the micro-maser and the laser, densitymatrix theory, laser cooling and atom interferometry.

Cold Atoms and Ions

(2-3 lectures and discussions per week, spring semesters)

An overview of cooling and trapping techniques, atom optics,interactions between cold atoms and ions, fundamental quan-tum mechanics issues studied with cold atoms and ions.

Contact personEugene PolzikUniversity of AarhusInstitute of Physics and AstronomyNy Munkegade, building 520DK-8000 Aarhus C

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 44

Laser physicsIn the spring semester the students at the University og Copen-hagen are offered a course in �Introduction to laser Physics.�The topics of the course are:

! introduction to laser operation,

! interaction between light and atoms, molecules, andsolids,

! semiclassical laser theory,

! gain in homogeneously and inhomogeneously broadenedlaser media,

! Q-switching and mode-locking in lasers,

! applications with lasers.

The laser physics course furthermore contains experimental lab-oratory exercises.

BookP. W. Milonni og J. H. Eberly, Lasers, Wiley Inter Science (1988).

Contact personsPaul Michael PetersenOptics and Fluid Dynamics DepartmentRisø National LaboratoryP. O. Box 49DK-4000 Roskilde

Education and training in optics at

University of CopenhagenØrsted Laboratory

Introduction to OpticsEach spring semester, a course of basic optics is offered to theSecond year students. The following topics are included:

! reflection and refraction,

! image formation,

! optical instrumentation,

! interference and polarization,

! Fraunhofer and Fresnel diffraction.

In connection with the lectures, a large number of experimentsare shown, to demonstrate the connections between theoreticaland technical aspects of optics.

BookL. S. Pedrotti, Introduction to Optics, Prentice Hall (1993).

Contact personWinnie SvendsenThe Ørsted LaboratoryUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 5DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø

Optics in Denmark 1999 DOPS white book 45