Πολυμεσικό Υλικό στο Internet: Συγχρονισμός, Επεξεργασία και Διακίνηση

Β. Μάγκλαρης <maglaris@netmode.ntua.gr>

Μ. Γραμματικού <mary@netmode.ntua.gr>

Δ. Καλογεράς <dkalo@noc.ntua.ge>

www.netmode.ntua.gr

Multimedia content delivery in the Internet: Multimedia platforms & video service providers, MOOCs - the Coursera Business Model

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Άδεια Χρήσης

Outline

• Massive Open On-Line Courses – MOOCs

• Brief History of MOOCs

• Types of MOOCs

• Major players in MOOCs

• MOOCs players in Europe

• Platforms for creating Courses

• Coursera & edX, Business Models

Massive Open On-Line Courses (MOOCs)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massive_open_online_course

• MOOC is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via

the web• Not only traditional course materials such as videos, readings, and problem sets,

MOOCs provide interactive user forums that help build a community for students, professors, and teaching assistants

• MOOCs are a recent development in distance education which began to emerge in 2012

Why offer a MOOChttp://www.slideshare.net/beboac/ichl-moo-cs

History of MOOCs (I)• A MOOC is an open education movement and is found online• It influences connectivism* where learning is successful and

networks are created in different fields• 2002: MIT OpenCourseWare project formed• 2004: The term Connectivism was developed by George Siemens

and Stephen Downes**• 2008: The first MOOC was presented at the University of Manitoba,

Canada and it consisted of 2200 learners• 2008: Khan Academy starts up (actually at 2006)

*Connectivism is a hypothesis of learning which emphasizes the role of social and cultural context. Connectivist pedagogy:

– open courses to contribute to knowledge– support to form networks

**Connectivist teaching and learning, Downes states: "to teach is to model and demonstrate, to learn is to practice and reflect.“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connectivism

History of MOOCs (II)

• 2010: Dave Cormier made video about MOOCs and uploaded onto YouTube

• 2011: MOOC prepares freshman college students for college requirements

• 2012: Harvard’s first MOOC has 370,000 students, New York Times calls 2012 the year of the MOOC

• 2013: cMOOCs and xMOOCs too numerous to count

Downes’ MOOC Modelhttp://www.slideshare.net/beboac/ichl-moo-cs

• Four elements for a successful MOOC:

– Autonomy – students decide how much to participate

– Diversity – students come from all backgrounds, different countries, different experiences

– Openness – MOOCs should be free or with low cost

– Interactivity – Chats, video meetings…

The different types of MOOCs (I)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massive_open_online_course#Connectivist_design

• There are different types of MOOCs:

– The cMOOC (connectivist MOOC):

• the first MOOC ever offered was a cMOOC

• cMOOCs are used by the individual, academics and non profit organizations

• the cMOOC is based on a connectivist learning theory

• the cMOOC is an informal learning environment

The different types of MOOCs (II)

• The xMOOC:

– xMOOCs are used by the Universities

– xMOOCs use a behaviourist approach

– the xMOOC is a more formal learning environment

– EdX can be characterized as xMOOC

– MIT announced MITx at the end of 2011, MITx is morphed into EdX with the addition of Harvard and UC Berkley (EdX 2012)

vMOOC (III)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massive_open_online_course#Connectivist_design

• vMOOC, has been suggested to describe vocational MOOCs, that would require simulations and related technologies to teach and assess practical skills and abilities

sMOOCshttp://www.slideshare.net/beboac/ichl-moo-cs

• Coursera MOOCs could be characterized as a standard MOOCs or an sMOOC

• Uses a limited range of technologies and could be thought of in terms of LMS as platform

Platforms for creating Courses (Moodle) (I)

https://moodle.org/

• A well known and very well supported LMS (Learning Management System)

• Web based

• Moodle is provided freely as open source software, under the GNU (General Public Licence)

• Strong social services (based on connectivism)

Platforms for creating Courses (Open edX) (II)

http://code.edx.org/

• Open edX is a not-for-profit enterprise

• Founded 2012

• Open edX– is implemented mostly in Python for the server, and

Javascript for the browser

– the code is being made available under an AGPL license

– the main repository is edx-platform which includes both the LMS and the authoring tool, Studio

• Open edX is already receiving code contributions from around the world (e.g. Stanford University, Google, MIT, The University of Queensland, Tsinghua University, UC Berkeley, and Harvard University)

Platforms for creating Courses (III)

• CourseSites by Blackboard is an exceptionally robust platform– it has all of the features that Moodle has– including extensive teaching tools– reporting features and SCORM compliance– it is also cloud-based – you can set up a course in minutes and never have to worry about

maintenance or upgrades

• Udemy is specialized in the private MOOC– think of it as the YouTube of MOOCs– instructors can build and host their own courses on the platform and

then offer them to users for free or for a fee

• Versal is a new platform– intuitive user interface and a robust drag-and-drop functionality – a user can sign up for free and then build a course that includes

mathematical expressions, image drill-downs and many more widgets, all without any coding knowledge

– users can also embed their published courses on other websites, such as personal blogs

Platforms for creating Courses (IV)http://bit.ly/1ginXMb

Massive Open On-Line Courses (MOOCs)http://chronicle.com/article/The-Major-Players-in-the-MOOC/138817/

Major Players in the MOOC Universehttp://chronicle.com/article/The-Major-Players-in-the-MOOC/138817/

• Coursera: This for-profit MOOC founded by Andrew Ng and Daphne Koller has teamed up with 62 colleges (and counting) for its classes. It attracted $22-million in venture capital in its first year

• Khan Academy: Salman Khan made waves when he quit his job as a hedge-fund analyst to record short video lectures on everything from embryonic stem cells to—you guessed it—hedge funds and venture capital

• Udacity: This for-profit MOOC, started by the Stanford professor Sebastian Thrun, works with individual professors to offer courses. By March 2013, Udacity had raised more than $21-million in venture capital. Udacity provides with Nanodegrees to learners

• EdX: Harvard and MIT put up the original $60-million to start this non-profit MOOC

Overview of potential revenue sources for three MOOC providers

edX Coursera UDACITY

•Certification

•Certification•Secure assessments•Employee recruitment•Applicant screening•Human tutoring or assignment marking•Enterprises pay to run their own training courses•Sponsorships•Tuition fees

•Certification•Employers paying to recruit talented students•Students résumés and job match services•Sponsored high-tech skills courses

"Charging for content would be a tragedy," said Andrew Ng. But "premium"

services such as certification or placement would be charged a fee

Visual Representation of a MOOChttp://www.slideshare.net/krisbeukes/moocs-introduction

MOOC Tools & Pedagogyhttp://www.slideshare.net/beboac/ichl-moo-cs

Will MOOCs Succeed?http://www.slideshare.net/iaindoherty/everything-you-need-to-know-

about-moocs-well-almost

http://www.openuped.eu/, https://iversity.org

• OpenupEd is an open, non-profit partnership offering MOOCs that contribute to open up education

• iversity.org is a platform for Massive Open Online Courses that contribute to open education

MOOCs Players in Europe

OpenupEd

• 12 European countries have joined forces to launch the first pan-European MOOCs initiative, with the support of the European Commission

• 149 courses in different European languages• The OpenupEd framework features:

– Learner-centred– Openness to learners– Digital openness– Independent learning– Media-supported interaction– Recognition options– Quality focus– Spectrum of diversity

iversity

• 6 European partners • In 3 European languages:

– English, German, Russian

• Certificates with a fee • Courses subjects include:

– medicine – computer science– economics– physics– law – design and philosophy

Courserahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coursera

• Coursera started in 2012 working with Stanford University, Princeton, the University of Michigan, and the University of Pennsylvania, – 12 partners were added in July 2012– 17 more in September 2012– another 29 partner universities in February 2013– the current total number of partners is 108

• In January 2014, Coursera blocked their courses for users in Cuba, Iran and Sudan as a result of US sanctions to those countries. The company has made progress in restoring access to non-STEM courses in these countries

• Founded 2012• Penn hosts the Inaugural Coursera Partners' Conference on April 5th and

6th, 2013• All courses offered by Coursera are "accessible for free“• Coursera courses:

– approximate from six to ten weeks long– with one to two hours of video lectures a week– provide quizzes, weekly exercises, and sometimes a final project or exam

• Coursera reaches 839 courses in October 2014• Coursera reaches 10 million users in 114 institutions in October 2014

Coursera Business Model http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coursera

• Coursera: is a for-profit educational technology company founded by company science professors Andrew Ng and Daphne Koller from Stanford University that offers Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)

• List of ways to generate revenue, include:– verified certification fees (started in 2012 as Signature Track)– introducing students to potential employers recruiters (with

student consent)– tutoring– sponsorships – tuition fees

• In January 2013, Coursera announced that the American Council on Education had approved five courses for college credit

Coursera: behind the scenes filmingBy Ben Loveridge (Learning Environments)

http://blogs.unimelb.edu.au/researchservices/2012/12/15/coursera-behind-the-scenes-filming/

Photo: Coursera filming set-up showing autocue and Wacom Cintiq 24HD Touch (Credit: Ben Loveridge)

General Preparation Notes for Filming Presentations (I)

• Content creation

– video segments of around six minute long are the optimal length for student engagement

• Copyright– Use creative commons on flickr within your course to avoid expensive

ongoing licensing– If you can’t find or create anything appropriate yourself, make sure any

copyright in images or video has been cleared well in advance– Check out Astrid Bovell’s blog post on MOOC’s and the Copyright office

• Programs for presenting content– Keynote / Powerpoint / PDF– Video now lives in a 16:9 world so make sure your presentations are set

to 16:9 mode • in PowerPoint this is listed under the ‘page setup’ option• in Keynote it is listed in the ‘inspector mode’ so something like

1920×1080 is a good start

General Preparation Notes for Filming Presentations (II)

What to wear• Avoid wearing green (clashes with the green screen) or fine striped or

patterned outfits (can cause strange visual effects).• Black and white clothing is not ideal• Solid muted tones and colours are ok – not too dazzling or bright• Avoid rattling jewellery• Wear clothing that a lapel mic can easily attach

Style of delivery• Sitting or standing?• Are they presenting together or separately?• If standing then green screen or white background? (This affects if we use

Screenflow vs recording to hard drive where picture is merged with background)

• If sitting will you annotate slides with the Wacom?• Scripted with an auto cue, presenting from ‘notes view’ or off the top of the

head?• Creating slides on Mac or PC (affects if we use Keynote vs Powerpoint)

edXhttps://www.edx.org

• edX is a non-profit online initiative created by founding partners Harvard and MIT

• Around 300 courses

• Around 400 faculty and staff teaching courses and discussing topics online

• Around 100,000 certificates earned by edX students

• Topics include:– biology, business, chemistry, computer science, economics,

finance, electronics, engineering, food and nutrition, history, humanities, law, literature, math, medicine, music, philosophy, physics, science, statistics and more

edX Business Modelhttps://www.edx.org

• With the exception of professional education courses, edX courses are free for everyone

• Some courses have a fee for verified certificates but are free to audit

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massive_open_online_coursehttp://chronicle.com/article/The-Major-Players-in-the-MOOC/138817/

• http://bit.ly/1ginXMb

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coursera

• https://www.coursera.org/course/ml

• http://www.moneycrashers.com/netflix-hulu-amazon-comparison/

• http://blogs.unimelb.edu.au/researchservices/2012/12/15/coursera-behind-the-scenes-filming/

• http://cit.duke.edu/blog/2012/10/what-does-it-take-to-prepare-a-duke-coursera-course/

• http://www.openuped.eu/

• https://iversity.org

• https://www.udacity.com/

• https://www.udacity.com/nanodegrees

• http://www.slideshare.net/iaindoherty/everything-you-need-to-know-about-moocs-well-almost

References (I)

References (II)

• http://www.slideshare.net/beboac/ichl-moo-cs

• http://blogs.unimelb.edu.au/researchservices/2012/12/15/coursera-behind-the-scenes-filming/

• http://code.edx.org/

• https://www.edx.org

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