Multicasting and groupcastingwith physical layer constraintsin metropolitan optical networkswith mesh topologies.

Coordinator: Dr. Georgios EllinasParticipating Personnel: Dr. Georgios Ellinas, TaniaPanayiotou, Dr. Antonis Hadjiantonis, Antonis LambrouYoung Researcher: Tania Panayiotou

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

Young Researcher: Tania Panayiotou

Project Objectives

General Objectives:

1. To support a young researcher (Ph.D. candidate) in order to performcutting edge research in an area of high technological importance.

2. The student will obtain expertise that will be of great importance tothe Cyprus economy, as he will be trained on a key priority area ofTelecommunications Systems and Information Technology.

3 Th lt f thi j t ill b tili d b C i t3. The results of this project will be utilized by Cypriottelecommunications companies or Cypriot service providers tobetter design their metropolitan optical networks for high data-rateapplications.pp

4. The final software product developed in this project can be used byinterested parties as a research/design tool for real-life networkdeployments.

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

Project Objectives

Main Technical Objectives:Main Technical Objectives:1. Model the physical layer constraints in a metropolitan area optical

networks2 Develop novel quality of transmission (QoT) based MC/GC RWA2. Develop novel quality of transmission (QoT)-based MC/GC-RWA

techniques taking into account different node designs and networkengineering scenarios

3 Develop novel QoT based MC/GC RWA protection techniques to3. Develop novel QoT-based MC/GC-RWA protection techniques tocreate networks that are survivable from a single failure scenarios

4. Develop novel QoT-based grooming techniques for multicast andgroupcast connections in metro optical networksgroupcast connections in metro optical networks

5. Develop a software tool utilizing all the aforementioned noveltechniques and algorithms that can be utilized by a telecom providerto better design engineering and deploy its fiber-optic networkto better design, engineering, and deploy its fiber-optic network.

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

Time Schedule (1/2)

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

Time Schedule (2/2)

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

Work Package 1:Project Management (30 months)j g ( )

Deliverables• D1:Development of algorithms for routing/grooming and wavelengthp g g g g g

assignment of protected multicast connections.• D2: Mid-project Report• D3: Development of algorithms for routing/grooming and wavelength

assignment of protected groupcast connectionsassignment of protected groupcast connections.• D4: Development of a software simulation tool.• D5: Final-project Report

AccomplishmentsAccomplishmentsAll WPs (1-9) and deliverables (D1,D2,D3,D4 and D5) were successfullycompleted4 publications completed (1 journal paper and 3 conference papers)ith th 4 j l bli ti d b i i /t b b itt dwith another 4 journal publications under submission/to be submitted.

Work was presented in three international conferences, including themost prestigious conference on optical networksA web site for the project has been set upA web site for the project has been set up.Two seminars were organized in Cyprus where the project results werepresented

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

Work Package 2:Dissemination and Exploitation of Results(30 months)(30 months)

Publications:• G Ellinas N Antoniades T Panayiotou A Hadjiantonis and A M Levine• G. Ellinas, N. Antoniades, T. Panayiotou, A. Hadjiantonis, and A.M. Levine,

“Multicasting Routing Algorithms Based on Q-Factor Physical Layer Constraints inMetro”, IEEE/OSA Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 365-367, 2009.

T P i G Elli N A i d A M L i “D i i d• T. Panayiotou, G. Ellinas, N. Antoniades, A. M. Levine, “Designing andEngineering Metropolitan Area Transparent Optical Networks for the Provisioning ofMulticast Sessions”, IEEE/OSA Optical Fiber Communications (OFC) Conference,San Diego, CA, March 2010.

• T. Panayiotou, G. Ellinas, N. Antoniades, and A. Hadjiantonis, “Node ArchitectureDesign and Network Engineering Impact on Optical Multicasting Based on PhysicalLayer Constraints”, in Proc. International Conference on Transparent Opticaly , p pNetworks (ICTON), Munich, Germany, June/July 2010.

• T. Panayiotou, G. Ellinas, N. Antoniades, and A. Hadjiantonis, “A Novel Segment-Based Protection Algorithm for Multicast Sessions in Optical Networks with MeshBased Protection Algorithm for Multicast Sessions in Optical Networks with MeshTopologies”, IEEE/OSA Optical Fiber Communications (OFC) Conference, LosAngeles, CA, March 2011.

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

Work Package 2:Dissemination and Exploitation of Results

Under Submission/Preparation:

• T. Panayiotou, G. Ellinas, A. Hadjiantonis, and N. Antoniades, “On theEffect of Node Architecture/Engineering for Multicasting Based on PhysicalLayer Constraints”, (Submitted to the IEEE/OSA Journal of LightwaveTechnology, 2011)gy, )

• T. Panayiotou, G. Ellinas, A. Hadjiantonis, and N. Antoniades, “MulticastProtection in Metro Networks Based on Physical Layer Constraints”,(Submitted to the IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications andNetworking, 2011).

• T. Panayiotou, G. Ellinas, A. Hadjiantonis, and N. Antoniades, “MulticastGrooming in Metro Networks Based on Physical Layer Constraints”, (underpreparation) (Scheduled for submission to the IEEE/OSA Journal of OpticalCommunications and Networking, 2011).T P i t G Elli A H dji t i d N A t i d “M lti t• T. Panayiotou, G. Ellinas, A. Hadjiantonis, and N. Antoniades, “MulticastProvisioning Based on Physical Layer Constraints and PDL/PDGconsiderations”, (under preparation) (Scheduled for submission to theIEEE/OSA Photonic Technology Letters, 2011).

A website is set up on which key results and project info are displayed(http://www.eng.ucy.ac.cy/gellinas/MULTIOPTI.html)

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

Work Package 3Development of RWA algorithms for multicast connections with PLIs (5 months)

D l t f Q b d ti d l f t lit ti l t k

PLIs (5 months)

Development of a Q-budgeting model for metropolitan optical networks.Development of a simulation code which performs the routing and thewavelength assignment under physical layer constraints.Development of 3 new routing techniques for multicast connections whichtake into account physical layer constraints, such as:

BLT-Q heuristicBLT-Q tolerance heuristicMax Degree Node heuristic

And their performance was compared with 5 existing routing algorithms:Steiner Tree heuristicShortest paths Tree heuristicBLT heuristicDAC heuristicMHP tree heuristicThat take only power budget constraints into account.

Development and examination of different Node Architectures andpEngineering Designs

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

Introduction to Multicasting

•WDM networks: multiple lasers transmit several wavelengths of light (lambdas) simultaneously over a single optical fiber WDM has dramatically increased the

1λ1λMUX DMUX

simultaneously over a single optical fiber. WDM has dramatically increased the carrying capacity of the fiber.

1

Nλλλ ,...,, 21

1λ

Nλ Nλ

M lti t ti li ht f t h d ti ti•Multicast connection: light from one source must reach many destinations.s

m d2m

n

d2

d1

d3

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

Introduction to Multicasting

• In WDM Mesh Networks optical splitters must be used inside thep pnodes to split the incoming signal to multiple output ports.

λ1λ1

λ1 λ1λ1

• Multicast Routing and Wavelength Assignment Problem (MC-RWA):• Routing: Construction of a light-tree that spans the source and thedestinations set.•Wavelength Assignment: A wavelength must be assigned to the light-tree.•Multicast requests are blocked if there is no available wavelength for theentire tree.entire tree.

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

Q- budgeting model

• We are interested in the Bit Error Rate (BER).

• As the BER is a difficult parameter to evaluate, we can derive the required system Qfactor for a target BER using the following equation:

1 2QerfcBER eQ−

≈⎟⎞

⎜⎛

=

• The Q parameter for a system is calculated often in dBs so we use the following definition for QdB:

QdB 10log (Q )

π222 QerfcBER ≈⎟

⎠⎜⎝

=

QdB = 10log (Qlinear)

• The value of the Q factor can be calculated using Equation:

01− IIQ

• where σi is the sum of the variances of the thermal noise, shot noise, various components of beat noise, and RIN noise.

σσ 0101

+=Q

σσσσσσσ 2222222 shotASEiRINiASEsASEASEishotthi −−−−−− +++++=ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

Node Architecture and Engineering designg

Several Node architectures and Engineering Designs were i ti t d t d t i th i t f th h i l linvestigated to determine the impact of the physical layer :

Mx1 fiber switch1X(M+1) splitterDMUX MUX

1λ 1λNλλλ ,...,, 21

Nλ

2λ

1...

.

.

. .

.

.

.

.

.

. . .

1

Nλλλ ,...,, 211λ

λ

.

.

.

.

.

.

gatesVOA

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

...

POST-AMPPRE-AMPNλ

2λ

M .. .

.

. .

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

Node Architecture and Engineering designs

1. Fixed Txs/Rxs:

g

1. Tunable Txs/Rxs:

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

Simulation Results

Active splitters.

0 9

1Steiner

Active splitters.

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

ckin

g

BLTBLT_QBLT Q 8 5

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

Pr b

loc BLT_Q_8.5

Max-DegreeDACSPT

0

0,1

4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25

lti t i

SPTMHT

multicast group size

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

Work Package 4RWA for protected MC connections with PLIs

Development of a simulation code that performs thep prouting/protection and wavelength assignment underphysical layer constraints.

Development of novel protection techniques for multicast connections taking into account the physical layer constraints:

LEVEL protection heuristicPCH protection heuristicQ Based PCH protection heuristic

And compared with existing protection techniquesMCH heuristicMC-CR heuristicSegment Protection HeuristicSSNF h i tiSSNF heuristic

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

Introduction to Protection

• Protection techniques are used for the restoration of traffic in case of a link failure.

• Fiber cuts occur often and are the predominant form of failure.

d1

sourced2

d3

• A fiber cut (link failure) may jeopardize the entire multicast session

d3

( ) y j p

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

LPA Algorithmg

s s Level 0

d1

u

d3

y

d2

d1 Level 1

Level 2

d2 d4

d3

d5d4 Level 3

d5d3

Level 4

Segmentation nodes, levels

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

and level segments areidentified

LPA Algorithm

s

L(1,2)

L(3,4)

L(0 1)

L(2,3) s

u y

L(3,4)

L(0,1)

L(2,3)

u y

d1

d1

d2 d4

d3

L(1,2)

L(3,4)L(0,1)

L(0,1)

L(0,1)

d2

d5

L(1,2)

L(2,3)d3

d5 d4

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

Simulation Results

0 80,9

1

MCH

0,50,60,70,8

lock

ing MC-CR

SPLEVEL

0,20,30,4

Pr. b

l

SSNFPCHQBPCH

00,1

4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25

QBPCH

multicast group size

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Mid-Project Report, 22 July 2010

Work Package 5RWA with grooming under PLIsg g

Development of three simulation codes that perform thep prouting/grooming and wavelength assignment underphysical layer constraints.

Logical First Hybrid Routing (LFHR)Physical First Sequential Routing (PFSR)Routing on Hybrid Graph (RHG)

Development of novel traffic grooming techniques formulticast connections:

Grooming with Maximum Overlapped Lightpath (GMOL) heuristic (forLFHR and PFSR simulation codes).Minimum free Capacity First (MCF) heuristic (for RHG).Maximum Overlapping Light-Tree First (MXOLF) heuristic (for RHG).

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

Introduction to Grooming

• Grooming Techniques increase the bandwidth of the network.

• Connections use only a portion of the bandwidth that a wavelength canoffer.

• Grooming refers to the techniques that are used to multiplex low-speedtraffic streams onto different high-speed wavelength channels.

• Example: If we have a wavelength with capacity 100Mbps, then twoconnections with capacity 50Mbps can be groomed onto the samewavelength.

• Routing/Grooming of the new multicast requests can be divided into tocategories:• Logical Routingg g• Physical Routing

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

Introduction to Grooming

A B

D

A

E

CB

Logical Layer

GH

F

B

D

BA

E

C

Physical LayerD

GH

F

Introduction to Grooming

A B

D

A

E

CB

Logical Layer

GH

F

Hybrid Graph

BA

E

C

B

Hybrid GraphD

GH

F

Physical LayerD

BA

E

C

D

GH

F•Minimum free Capacity First (MCF).•Maximum Overlapping Light-Tree First (MXOLF) .

Simulation Results

0 07

0,05

0,06

0,07

g

PFSR, h=1MHT h 0

0,03

0,04

0,05

blo

ckin

g MHT, h=0LFHR, h=1

0,01

0,02Pr.

04 7 10 13 16 19 22 25

multicast group size

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

multicast group size

Simulation Results

0,350,4

0,45 STHST-PP-MCFHST PP MXOF

0 20,250,3

bloc

king

HST-PP-MXOF

0,10,150,2

Pr. b

00,05

25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250

Load in Erlangs

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

Work Package 6RWA for GC connections with PLIs

Development of a simulation code that performs the routing andp p gwavelength assignment of groupcast requests under physical layerconstraints.

Development of three groupcast routing algorithms:Light-Trees heuristicLight-Paths heuristicLight Paths heuristicLinear Light-Trees heuristic

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

Introduction in Groupcasting

Groupcast Set {1, 2, 3, 4}2

v

4

2

1 u 4

3w

1 2 3 4

Light-Forest{1, 2, 3, 4} { 2, 3, 4,1} {3, 2, 1, 4} {4, 2, 3, 1}

1

v

2

w

3λ1

2

v

1 3

4

λ1

3

4

2

w

1λ2

4

2 3

wλ3

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

2

4

3λ1 1 3λ1 2 1λ2

1

wλ3

Simulation Results

•With PLIs

0 8

1

ility

Light Trees

0 4

0,6

0,8

Prob

abi Light Trees

Light Paths

0,2

0,4

lock

ing

Linear LigthTrees

04 7 10 13 16 19 22 25

G t i

Bl

Groupcast group size

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

Work Package 7RWA of protected GC connections with PLIs

• Development of a simulation code that performs theDevelopment of a simulation code that performs therouting/protection and wavelength assignment underphysical layer constraints.

• Development of a novel protection technique forgroupcast connections taking into account the physicalgroupcast connections taking into account the physicallayer constraints:• LEVEL protection heuristic

• And compared with existing protection techniques• Segment Protection Heuristic

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

g• SSNF heuristic

Introduction

Groupcast Set {1, 2, 3, 4}2

v

4

2

1 u

3w

Light-Forest

1 2 3 4

g{1, 2, 3, 4} { 2, 3, 4,1} {3, 2, 1, 4} {4, 2, 3, 1}

v

2

w

3λ1

v

1 3

4

λ1

4

2

w

1λ2

2 3

wλ3

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 20114 1

Simulation Results

0,80,9

1 CSPSSNFLPA

0 40,50,60,7

bloc

king

LPA

0,10,20,30,4

Pr.

0,

4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25

multicast group sizeg p

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

Work Package 8Routing/Grooming and WA of GC connections with PLIs

• Development of a simulation code that performs therouting/grooming and wavelength assignment under physical layerconstraints.

Physical First Sequential Routing (PFSR)

• Development of novel traffic grooming techniques for groupcastconnections:• Grooming with Maximum Overlapped Lightpath (GMOL) heuristic.g pp g p ( )• GMOL heuristic with constraints on the number of hops.

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

Simulation Results

0 9

0 60,70,80,9

g

MHT, h=0PFSR, h=3

0,40,50,6

. blo

ckin

g

PFSR, h=5PFSR, h=inf

0,10,20,3Pr

.

04 7 10 13 16 19 22 25

multicast group size

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

u t cast g oup s e

Work Package 9

• Development of the MULTIOPTI software simulation tool that incorporatesmulticast and groupcast connectionsmulticast and groupcast connections

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

Summary

• Several novel and noteworthy results were obtained during the implementation of WPs 3-9 including:implementation of WPs 3 9 including:• Novel QoT-Based MC/GC-RWA algorithms• Novel node design and network engineering approaches• Novel QoT-based protection techniques for MC/GC connectionsp q• Novel QoT-based grooming techniques for MC/GC connections

• No major problems were observed during the implementation of the j p g pentire project

• No deviation from the original timetable was experienced

• Extensive dissemination of project results

• Currently under discussions with a telecom company for the utilization of the software tool

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

Seminars

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

Conference Presentations

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

Conference Presentations

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

Journal/Conference Papers

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

Journal/Conference Papers

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011

Web Site

ΠΕΝΕΚ ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308 Final Project Report, 9 November 2011