By:By:

Zobia HamidZobia Hamid

A PeriodA Period

Cloning means making a Cloning means making a genetic duplicate of an genetic duplicate of an organism with the same DNA.organism with the same DNA.

Things to cloning:Things to cloning:Human organsHuman organsAnimals (Reproductive Animals (Reproductive

Cloning)Cloning)Human Embryos Human Embryos

(Therapeutic Cloning.(Therapeutic Cloning. ““Natural” clones are twinsNatural” clones are twins Clone comesClone comes κλων κλων is a Greek is a Greek

word cloneword clone

Or “Cell Nuclear Transplant”Or “Cell Nuclear Transplant” Used to generate an animal with the same Used to generate an animal with the same

DNA as the one it has been taken from.DNA as the one it has been taken from. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) means Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) means

to transfer a cell from a donor adult to an to transfer a cell from a donor adult to an egg whose genetic material has been egg whose genetic material has been removed.removed.

The egg with the transported DNA is then The egg with the transported DNA is then treated with electric currents or chemicals treated with electric currents or chemicals to rouse cell divisionsto rouse cell divisions

Once cloned cells reach a stable stage, they Once cloned cells reach a stable stage, they are transmitted into the womb of aare transmitted into the womb of a femalefemale

Species ClonedSpecies Cloned

Tong Dizhou, a Chinese embryologist, Tong Dizhou, a Chinese embryologist, cloned a Carp in 1963cloned a Carp in 1963

Soviet scientists Chaylakhyan, Veprencev, Soviet scientists Chaylakhyan, Veprencev, Sviridova, NikitinSviridova, Nikitin cloned the first mammal, cloned the first mammal, mice in 1986mice in 1986

In 1996 to 1997 Dolly the sheep was In 1996 to 1997 Dolly the sheep was cloned.cloned.

Cloned from an adult somatic cellCloned from an adult somatic cell Died in 2003 because of lung diseaseDied in 2003 because of lung disease

In 2000, Tetra the Rhesus Monkey was In 2000, Tetra the Rhesus Monkey was created by embryo splittingcreated by embryo splitting

Cloned SpeciesCloned Species

In late 2001, the Copycat was clonedIn late 2001, the Copycat was cloned As of September 2006, CC As of September 2006, CC

naturally gave birth to 3 kittensnaturally gave birth to 3 kittens

In May 2004 Idaho Gem, the first clone of In May 2004 Idaho Gem, the first clone of the horse familythe horse family

In 2000 5 pigs were cloned, Millie, Christa, In 2000 5 pigs were cloned, Millie, Christa, Alexis, Carol, and DotcomAlexis, Carol, and Dotcom

They are planed to be used for human organ They are planed to be used for human organ transplantstransplants

Therapeutic CloningTherapeutic Cloning

http://www.genome.gov/10004765 http://www.genome.gov/10004765 (embyonic info)(embyonic info)

Is cloning right or wrong?Is cloning right or wrong?

BibliographyBibliography

http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/cloning.shtml http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/cloning.shtml

http://library.thinkquest.org/24355/data/details/timeline.html http://archives.cnn.com/2000/NATURE/01/13/monkey.cloning/

tetra the monkey http://images.google.com/imgres?http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.petersharpe.com/Other/imgurl=http://www.petersharpe.com/Other/cloning.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.petersharpe.com/cloning.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.petersharpe.com/Other.htm&h=480&w=640&sz=46&hl=en&start=37&tbnid=c5Other.htm&h=480&w=640&sz=46&hl=en&start=37&tbnid=c5YgLu-2Jn6ZcM:&tbnh=103&tbnw=137&prev=/images%3FqYgLu-2Jn6ZcM:&tbnh=103&tbnw=137&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcloning%26start%3D36%26ndsp%3D18%26svnum%3Dcloning%26start%3D36%26ndsp%3D18%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DPCTA,PCTA:2006-%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DPCTA,PCTA:2006-36,PCTA:en%26sa%3DN36,PCTA:en%26sa%3DN