Mountains, Volcanoes · Why do Earthquakes happen? An earthquake disrupts the surface of the Earth,...

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www.grammarsaurus.co.uk Grammarsaurus Mountains, Volcanoes and Earthquakes Geography

Transcript of Mountains, Volcanoes · Why do Earthquakes happen? An earthquake disrupts the surface of the Earth,...

Page 1: Mountains, Volcanoes · Why do Earthquakes happen? An earthquake disrupts the surface of the Earth, causing the ground to move and shake. Earthquakes happen when two large pieces

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Mountains, Volcanoesand Earthquakes

Geography

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1Earthquakes

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2Earthquakes

Talk to your partner

about Earthquakes.

What do you think you know?

What would you like to know?

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3Dictionary Definition

earthquake/ˈəːθkweɪk/

noun

A sudden violent shaking of the ground, typically causing great destruction,

as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action.

Synonyms: earth tremor, tremor, convulsion, shock, foreshock, aftershock;

a great upheaval.

"a political earthquake"

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4Why do Earthquakes happen?

An earthquake disrupts the surface of the Earth,

causing the ground to move and shake.

Earthquakes happen when two

large pieces of the Earth’s crust slip.

Some earthquakes can be stronger than others,

meaning they can destroy homes

and have disastrous consequences.

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5Under the Earth’s surface

Under the Earth’s surface, there are four layers - The crust, The Mantle, The Outer Core and The Inner Core.

The Crust is made up of lots of little pieces, which overlap. These are known as tectonic plates.

They are between 5km and 10km thick! The tectonic plates make natural movements;

after a long period of time, these movements cause earthquakes.

Crust

Mantle

Outer Core

Inner Core

The Crust

The Mantle

The Outer Core

The Inner Core

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6Tectonic Plates

The tectonic plates are

always making small movements.

They move in three different directions.

These are known as divergent,

convergent and transform.

Tell your partner the things

you notice about the way the plates move.

DivergentConvergent

Transform

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7Tectonic Plates

Divergent Where the plates move away from each other

Convergent This is where the plates move into one another

Transform

During this movement, the plates move sideways

in relation to each other

How much do the plate move? It is believed, that the plates move around 3cm-5cm per year.

This may only seem like a small amount of movement, but these movements, each year, are what causes earthquakes.

DivergentConvergent

Transform

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8Where do earthquakes happen?

Earthquakes can happen at any point of the year, all over the world.

It is difficult to predict where and when an earthquake will occur.

Earthquakes commonly happen

in the areas shown on the map.

Why do you think earthquakes

commonly happen here?

HINT: Think back to your work on volcanoes.

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9How are earthquakes measured?

A seisometer monitors the vibrations

caused by an earthquake.

The data is then plotted on a seismograph.

It is measured using the Richter scale,

on a scale of 0-10.

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10The Richter Scale

0-2.0 Not measured, not felt.

2.1-2.9 Measured, but not felt.

3.0-3.9 Sometimes felt, no damage caused.

4.0-4.9 Light shaking of items, little damage, if any.

5.0-5.9 Slight structural damage possible.

6.0-6.9 Potential for destcructive tremors.

7.0-7.9 Serious damage over large areas.

8.0-8.9 Devastating damage over huge areas.

9.0-10 Extreme destruction.

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11Preparing for an earthquake

Six Steps to Stay Safe Take these steps to prepare for, survive and recover from an earthquake

Make a Plan

Gathering your family will be top on your list.

Choose a meeting place and an out-of-area contact

person to relay messages.

Drop, cover and hold on

When a quake starts, drop down where you are,

and cover your head. If you’re near heavy furniture,

take cover underneath and hold on tight.

Secure your home

Make sure your house is as shakeproof as possible

by retrofitting weak spots, strapping down heavy

furniture and securing loose objects.

Check for hazards

When the shaking stops, check for injuries and for

damage to home electrical wires, gas lines, walls,

floors and water pipes.

Get a kit

Store supplies to get your family through at least

the first three days after a quake.

Stay connected

Surviving a quake is a community effort.

Get to know your neighbors now, and work

together with local organizations to prepare.

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12Get a kit

One helpful tip to help people recover from an earthquake

is to ensure you have a survival kit packed and ready.

Get a kit

Store supplies to get your family through at least

the first three days after a quake.

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13Your task

Your Task is to design your own kit,

remember, these supplies should be

able to help you and your family

survive for 3-5 days following an earthquake.