Moulana abu ssabah

auem\m A_p- -_mlvAlvaZv Aen

(c-≠mw ]Xn-∏v)

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip -t»cn

]km-[\w:sKbvkv FPyp-t°-j-W¬ Atkm-kn-tb-j≥

MalayalamNethrusmrithi - 5

MOULANA ABUSSABAH AHMAD ALI(Biography)

byP.Mohammed Kuttassery

General EditorP.A.Rasheed

All rights reservedFirst Edition : March 2012Second Edition : May 2014

Published byGrace Educational Association

PB No. 3, Malappuram Dist. 676 317

DTP : Appletalk, KozhikodeCover : enteradvt, Calicut

Printed at Red Star,Kozhikode

DistributersGrace Books

Camp Sayyid, PB No. 3Malappuram Dist. 676317

9895114673

80

]km-[-I-°p-dn∏v

auem\m A_p- -_mlv Al-Ω-Zv Aen(1906-˛1971) tIc-f-Øns‚

hnZym-`ym-k-N-cn-X-Øn¬ Hcn-°epw ad-°m≥ ]mSn-√mØ \ma-t[-b-am-

Wv. ]≈n-Z¿kp-I-fn¬ ]mY-an-I-]-T\w ]q¿Øn-bm-°n, A¬-A-kvl¿

k¿Δ-I-em-im-e-bn¬ \n∂p _ncpZw t\Sn, Zo¿L-amb temI-k-©mcw

\SØn, HSp-hn¬ ^tdm-°n¬ du-fØq¬ Deq-an-s‚bpw ^mdqJv tImtf-

Pn-s‚-bpw DZ-b-Øn\p I¿Ω-km£yw hln® A_p-k-_mlv auehn

A£-cm¿∞-Øn¬ hn`m-X-Øns‚ hn[m-Xm-hm-bn. tIc-f-apkvenwI-fpsS

]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS ]mX-bn¬ A_p-k-_mlv Hcp hnf-°p-a-c-ambn

\n¬°p∂p.

At±-l-Øns‚ ]nb-in-jy\pw k¥-X-k-l-Nm-cn-bp-am-bn-cp∂ duf-

Øp¬ Deqw Ad-_n-tIm-tfPv ap≥ ]n≥kn-∏¬ ]n. apl-ΩZv Ip´-t»-cn-

bmWv Cu eLp-K-Ÿ-Øns‚ cN\ \n¿h-ln-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hnZym-`ym-

k-kmw-kv°m-cnI cwKØv Hcp Zim-_vZ-ambn ]h¿Øn-°p∂ sKbvkv

FPp-t°-j-W¬ Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ ]mc-º-cy-]-T-\-Øns‚ `mK-ambn

Gs‰-SpØ s]mP-IvSp-I-fn¬ H∂mWv "t\Xr-kvar-Xn'. Cu ]c-º-c-bnse

A©m-asØ ]pkvX-I-am-Wn-Xv.

"t\Xr-kvarXn" ]c-ºc ae-bm-fn-hm-b-\-°m¿ Xmev]-cy-]q¿Δw kzoI-

cn-°p∂p F∂Xv Nmcn-Xm¿∞y-P-\-I-am-Wv. Zo¿L-Ime ]k-‡n-bp≈

aqey-ß-fpsS Poh¬am-Xr-I-Iƒ ]pXp-X-e-ap-dbv°p ssIam-dm-\p≈ Cu

Ffn-b -i-asØ t]m’m-ln-∏n-°psa∂p ]Xo-£n-°p∂p.

sKbvkv FPp-t°-jW¬ Atkm-kn-tb-j≥

s]m^.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip -t»cn

1936 Pqembv H∂n\v ae-∏pdw Pn√-bn¬ at©-cn -°-SpØv

Ff-wIq¿ Awi-Ønse Ip´-t»-cn-bn¬ P\n-®p. ]nXmhv ]pØq-°c

IΩpÆn aue-hn, amXmhv kn.-_o-ø-°p´n DΩ.

dufØp¬ Deq-an¬ \n∂v A^vk-ep¬ Deam ]m m-bn. 1963 ¬

AhnsS A[ym-]-I-\m-bn. 1979 apX¬ 1996¬ hnc-an-°p-∂Xv hsc

]n≥kn -∏mƒ. bq\n -th -g vkn‰n sk\-‰ v , t_m¿Uv Hm^v

Ã-Uokv F∂n-h-bnepw hnhn[ hnZym-`ymk kan-Xn-I-fnepw AwK-

am-bn-cp-∂p.

15 KŸ-ß-fpsS I¿Ømhv. 45 h¿j-ambn tdUntbm ]`m-j-I≥.

hnhn[ tZiob A¥¿tZ-iob skan-\m-dp-I-fn¬ ]_-‘-ßƒ

Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p. A°m-Zan t^m¿ ÃUokv B≥Uv dnk¿®v

sNb¿am≥, du-f-Øp¬ Deqw Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ \n¿hm-lI

kanXn AwKw, CkvemanI hn⁄m\ tImiw D]-tZ-iI kanXn

AwKw XpSßn \nc-h[n ÿm\-ßƒ hln-°p-∂p.

]ikvX ]fin-X≥ Aco-t°mSv F≥.-hn.-A-_vZp- emw aue-hn-

bpsS aIƒ F≥.-hn.-B-knb (dn-´. Ad_n A[ym-]n-I) bmWv

`mcy. a°ƒ Abva≥ iuJn, AZo_v ^¿lm≥, _mkn-a, tUm.-

\Pvh. acp-a-°ƒ : k\nø ap´n¬, Xkvenb Aco-t°m-Sv, A_vZp-

emw tamßw, tUm.-dp-Iv\p-±o≥ Ja-dp-ss√kv samd-bq¿.

hnemkw:

Ip´-t»cn lukv

^mdqJv tImtfPv ]n.H

]n≥: 673632 t^m¨: 0495 2440782

BapJw

DΩ As√-¶n¬ AΩ F∂v ]d-bp-tºmƒ D≈n¬ \nd™p \n¬°p∂

hnIm-c-ßsf hm°p-I-fn-eqsS ]I-Sn-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bptam? Kpcp-hns\

Hm¿°p-tºmgpw CtX A\p-`hw Xs∂-bmWv a\- n¬. auem\m A_p-

-_mlv AlvaZv Aen F∂ Kpcp-hn-t\m-sSm∏w 14 h¿jw Ign®p IqSnb

Hcp injys‚ D≈n¬ ]Xn™ NnX-ß-fmWv Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn¬. B

alm-i-bs‚ kw`-h-_-lp-e-amb PohnXw ]q¿W-ambn A\m-h-cWw

sNøm≥ Hcp _rlXv KŸw Xs∂ th≠n hcpw. Cu sIm®p ]pkvXIw

AXn-te-°p≈ Hcp PmeIw amXw. At±-l-Øns‚ ap∏Xv h¿jsØ

A[ym-]I PohnXw hm¿Øp-hn´ \qdp-°-W-°n¬ injy-∑m-cn¬ Hcmƒ

amX-amWv Rm≥. F∂m¬ hniz-kvX-\mb ss]h‰v skI-´-dn-sb-t∏mse

At±-lsØ A\p-K-an-°m≥ F\n°v Ah-kcw e`n-®p. Fs‚ hy‡n-Xz-

sØbpw Nn¥m-K-Xn-sbbpw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ G‰hpw A[nIw kzm[o-

\n® alm-]-fin-X≥.

A_p- -_mlv! t]cv A\z¿∞-am°pw hn[w tIc-f-Øn¬ hnZym- ymk

cwKØv Hcp ]pXnb ]`mXw krjvSn® DZ-b-kq-cy≥. XnI™ aX-]m-

fin-Xyhpw hnZym-`ymk ]cn-jv°-cW ]h¿Ø-\hpw ka-\z-bn-∏n®

A]q¿Δ hy‡n-Xzw. aX-]-c-amb X¿°-ß-fn¬ \ns∂√mw AI∂v \n∂v

tkh-\-Øn\v PohnXw Dgn-™p-sh® I¿a-tbm-Kn. At±lw hnX-dnb shfn-

®-Øn¬ hgn Is≠Øn FXtbm t]¿ D∂XnbpsS ]S-hp-Iƒ Ib-dn˛

aX-k-ap-Zmb t`Z-a-t\y. tIc-f-Ønse k¿ køn-Zmbn NcnXw At±-lsØ

tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn. ]t£, A_p- -_mlv Ncn-X-Øn¬ A[n-I-sam∂pw N¿®

sNø-s∏-´n√ F∂Xv Hcp ZpxJ-k-Xyw. kwL-S-\-Iƒ°-Xo-X-\mbn \ne-

sIm-≠Xv Hcp Imc-W-am-Imw. Xs‚ Ime-L- -Ønse kap-∂-X-cmb t\Xm-

°-fp-sSbpw ]K-¤-a-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw BZ-chpw kvt\lhpw kºm-Zn-°m≥

Ign™ At±lw Ah-cpsS Ncn-X-Øns‚ Hcp `mK-am-bn. duk-Øp¬

Deqw Ad-_n-t°m-tfPpw ^mdqJv tImtfPpw Imº-knse a‰p al-Ømb

hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-ßfpw akvPn-Zp¬ Akvl-dp-sa√mw F∂pw At±-

l-Øns‚ alXzw hnfn-t®m-Xn-s°m-≠n-cn°pw.

auem-\m-bpsS Poh-N-cnXw kaq-l-Øn\v ka¿∏n-°m≥ apt∂m´v h∂

sKbvkns\ A\p-tam-Zn-°p-∂p. AXns‚ P\-d¬ skI-´dn kønZv

Aivd v Xß-fp-sSbpw Imen-°‰v bq\n-th-gvkn‰n kn.-F-®v.-ap-l-ΩZv tImb

sNb¿ Ub-d-IvS¿ ]n.-F.-d-jo-Zn-s‚bpw kvt\l-]q¿W-amb \n¿_-‘-

Øn\v Rm≥ hg-ßp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. auem\m A_p- -_m-lns‚ hntbmKw

kw`-hn®v \m¬]Øn H∂v h¿j-ambn XpS-cp∂ Hcp iq\yX \nI-Øm≥

Ch¿ \nan-Ø-am-bXv Hcp \ntbm-Kw. NcnX tcJ-Iƒ kq£n-°p∂

A_vZp-dlvam≥ aßm-Sns‚ klmbw ChnsS \μn-]q¿hw kvacn-°p-∂p.

A_p- -_m-lns\ amXr-I-bm°n ]pXnb ]`m-X-ßƒ krjvSn-°m≥

Cu ]pkvXIw Xe-apd°v ]tNm-Z-\-ta-Is´ F∂v ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

s]m^.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

^mdqJv tImtfPv

1.3.2012

Ah-Xm-cnI

ae_mdns‚ hnZym-`ym-k-N-cn-X-Øn¬ Hcp \mgn-I-°-√m-Wv 1948

¬ ^mdqJv tImtf-Pns‚ ]nd-hn. Fs‚ A`n-h-μy-\mb t\Xmhv sI.

Fw. koXn-km-ln_v CXns‚ XpS°w apX¬ 1961 ¬ ac-W-s∏-Sp-∂Xv

hsc ^mdqJv tImtfPv amt\-PnwKv IΩn-‰n-bpsS skI-´-dn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

At±lw BZcthmsS Ft∏mgpw ]d-bm-dp≈ hy‡n-bmWv A_p- -

_mlv AlΩZen aue-hn. hy‡n-]-c-ambn F\n°p A_p- _mlp-

ambn ASpØ _‘-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-s√-¶nepw tIc-f-Øns‚ hnZym-`ym-k-

]p-tcm-K-Xn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´v At±lw sNbvX hne-s∏´ tkh-\-ßsf

ASpØv \n∂v ImWm≥ F\n°v Ah-kcw e`n-®n-´p≠v.

A_p _mlns‚ Poh-N-cnXw Ipd®p sshIn-bm-sW-¶nepw

]pdØv hcn-I-bm-Wv. At±-l-Øns‚ ]nb¶c-\mb injy\pw ]ikvX

]WvUn-X-\p-amb ]n. apl-ΩZv Ip´-t»-cn-bpsS A\p-Kr-loXXqen-I-bn¬

\n∂mWv Cu IrXn \ap°p e`n-°p-∂-Xv. ^mdqJv tImtf-Pn-t‚bpw

AXns‚ ]nd-hn°v Imc-W-amb duf-Øq¬ Deq-an-t‚bpw ]tNm-Z-\-_n-

μp-hmb A_p- _mlv Al-Ω-Zen auehn A\p-kva-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv

G‰hpw BÀm-Z-I-c-am-Wv.

kzmX-¥y-]q¿Δ-Im-e-L-´-Øn-epw XpS¿∂pw ]apJ apkvenw

t\Xm-°-fp-ambn A_p- lm-_n\p ASpØ _‘-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

auem\m apl-Ω-Z-en-bpsS D]-tZiw kzoI-cn-®p-sIm≠v ae-_m¿ ]h¿Ø-

\- tIμ-ambn sXc-s™-SpØ A_p- lm-_v auehn B ImeØv Akm-

[y-am-bn-cp∂ ZuXyw km[y-am-°nb [nj-Wm-im-en-bm-Wv. Id-I-f™

aX-`-‡nbpw hnZym-`ym-k-Nn-¥bpw ]mWvUn-Xyhpw HØn-W-ßnb Akp-

e-`-hy-‡n-Xz-amWv A_p- _mln-t‚-Xv. apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Øns‚

]ptcm-K-Xn°p hgn-Im-´n-bm-bn-Øo¿∂ A_p- -_m-lns‚ PohnXw ]pXn-

b-X-e-ap-d Xo¿®-bmbpw ]Tn-°-Ww. _lp-am-\y-\mb Ip´-t»cn Hcp

alZvI¿Ω-amWv \n¿h-ln-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

C∂p B[p-\nI hnZym-`ymkw A\p-£-W- hn-Im-k-Øns‚ ]mX-

bn-em-Wv. ]pXnb temI-km-l-N-cy-ß-fn¬ imkvX-˛-km-t¶-XnI hnZy-

bpsS ]Nmcw Adn-hn\pw AXns‚ ]tbmK-Øn\pw ]pXnb am\-ßƒ

\¬Ip-∂p. Adnhv D]-tbmK-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xnse aqey-t_m-[-Øns‚ A\n-

hm-cy-X-bn-te-°mWv Imcy-ßƒ \oßp∂-Xv. icn-bmb aX-[m¿Ωn-I-t_m-

[-Øns‚ ASn-Ø-d-bn¬ amXta kmaq-ln-I-Po-hn-X-Øn\p \ne-\n¬°m≥

Ign-bq. aX-I-em-ebw Bcw-`n-°p-Ibpw AXns\ XpS¿∂p ^Ãv tKUv

tImtfPv Db¿Øp-Ibpw sNbvX A_p- -_m-lns‚ amXrI G‰hpw

hne-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. "hn⁄m-\-Øns‚ ]q¶m-h\w' F∂mWv At±lw

ÿm]-\-Øn\p t]cn-´-Xv. B[p-\nI Iem-e-b-ap-b¿∂-t∏mƒ AXn\p

"^mdqJv" F∂p \ma-I-cWw sNbvXp. AXy-p∂-X-amb Ncn-X-t_m-[hpw

⁄mt\m-]m-k-\bpw CXn¬ XpSn-°p-∂Xv ImWmw.

hnZym- ym-k-Nn-¥-I-cn¬ temtIm-Øc hy‡n-I-tfm-sSm∏w ÿm\-

ap-f-f ]Xn-`m-kº∂\mWv A_q-k-_m-lv. dufØp¬-D-eqapw ^mdqJv

tImtfPpw AXns‚ Pohn-°p∂ \nZ¿i-\ß-fm-Wv. ]K-¤-cmb At\Iw

injy-∑m-cp≈ A_q-k-_m-lns‚ I¿Ω-a-WvUew C∂p temI-sØ-hn-

sSbpw \nd-™p-\n¬°p-∂p. ae-bm-f-Øns‚ alm-\mb Cu a\ojnsb

]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Cu KŸw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ F\n°p AXn-

bmb Nmcn-Xm¿∞y-ap-≠v.

C. Al-ΩZv

\yqU¬ln

28.2.2012

D≈-S°w

1. ]`m-X-∏n-d-hn°v apºv 11

2. A_p- -_mlv: tIcfw apX¬ ssItdm hsc 20

3. C¥y-bn¬ Np‰n-°-dßn Im´nse Kpl-bn¬ 26

4. hnZym-Zo-]-hp-ambn ae-∏pdw aÆn¬ 32

5. Sn∏p-hns‚ ^mdq-Jm-_m-Zn¬ hn⁄m\ ]q¶m-h\w 37

6. ^mdqJv tImtfPv : kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ ]Im-i-tKm-]pcw 41

7. hn⁄m-\-∏q-¶m-h-\-Øns‚ hnkva-b-I-c-amb hf¿® 47

8. A_p- -_m-lns‚ hy‡nXz hnti-j-ßƒ 53

9. Cu ]`m-X-Øn\v AkvX-a-b-an√ 62

A\p-_‘w

Ckvem-anse \a-kv°mcw 67

duk-Øp¬ Depw ]q¿Δ-hn-Zym¿∞n-I-tfmSv Hcp-]-tZiw 84

1.]`m-X-∏n-d-hn°v apºv

A_p- -_mlv

]`m-X-Øns‚ hn[m-Xmhv

tIc-f-Øn¬ hn⁄m-\-Øns‚ ]pXnb ]`mXw krjvSn® ]finX

kqcy-\tX auem\m A_p _mlv AlvaZv Aen. At±lw FX-

bmbncw a\- p-I-fn¬ Adn-hns‚ Zo]vXn ]I¿∂p. A_p- -_mlv \´p-

h-f¿Ønb "]q¶m-h\w' C∂v IuXpI]pjv]-ßfpw sNSn-Ifpw \nd™v

hnkvabImgvN-bmbn amdn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Xe-ap-d-Iƒ°v shfn-®-taIn Imem-

Xo-X-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p∂ ]ImitKm]p-c-am-W-t±-lw. hnZym- ymk \thm-

∞m\\mb-I≥.

]`mXw hcnI Ccp- n\v tij-am-Wv. ]pe-cn-bpsS XpSn∏pw kuμ-cyhpw

Adn-b-W-sa-¶n¬ AXv ]nd°pw apºsØ Ccp≠ A¥-co£w ImW-

Ww. A_p- -_m-lns‚ BK-a\w hsc-bp≈ tIc-f-Ønse apkvenw kaq-

l-Øns‚ Hcp NnXw ChnsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv.

tIc-f-Øn¬ Ckvemans‚ Bhn¿`mhw

tIc-f-Øn¬ Ckvemans‚ Bhn¿`mhw apX¬ ChnsS Bcw-`n-°s´:

apl-ΩZv \_n-bpsS ImeØv Xs∂ ChnsS Ckvemw ]N-cn®p F∂-

XmWv ]_-e-amb Ncn-Xw. Ad-_n-Iƒ ]≠v Imew apX¬°v Xs∂

hmWn-Pym-h-iy-ßƒ°mbn tIc-f-Øn¬ hcm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. sImSp-ß-

√qcn¬ h∂n-d-ßnb Hcp Ad_n I®-hS kwL-Øn¬ \n∂v A∂sØ

cmPm-hmb tNc-am≥ s]cp-amƒ NI-h¿Øn \_n-sb-∏‰n tI -dn™v At±-

l-Øn¬ hniz-kn-®p. kwLw Xncn®p t]mIp-tºmƒ \_nsb ImWm≥

th≠n a°-bn-te°v Ahsc A\pKan-®p. \_nsb Z¿in®v amen-Ip_v\p

Zo\m-dns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ 44 AwK ]t_m-[\ kwL-tØm-sSm∏w

12


aS-ßth hgn at≤y \ncym-X-\m-bn. sImSp-ß-√q-cn¬ I∏-en-d-ßnb kwLw

s]cp-am-fpsS IØv `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn°v \¬In. At±lw Ah¿°v AhnsS

]≈n ]Wn-bm≥ `qanbpw hkvXp-°fpw \¬In. anj-\-dn-am-cmbn h∂

Ad-_n-Iƒ aX-]]t_m-[-\-Øn¬ G¿s∏-´p. sImSp-ß-√q¿, sIm√w,

Nmenbw, ]¥-em-bn-\n, [¿a-Sw, ioI-WvT-]pcw Ggn-a-e, Imk¿tKm-Uv,

awK-em-]pcw F∂o ]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ ]≈n-Iƒ ]Wn-Xp. Ah-cpsS ]h¿Ø-

\-^-e-ambn [mcmfw t]¿ Ckvemw aXw kzoI-cn-®p. Ah-cpsS kXy-k-

‘-X-bn-ep≈ hnizm-khpw s]cp-am-‰-Øns‚ BI¿j-Wo-b-Xbpw P\-

ß-fn¬ Ah¿°v kzoIm-cyX e`n-°m≥ Imc-W-am-bn. ]pdsa Ad-_n-I-

fp-ambn hmWn-Py-_-‘-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ tIc-fo-b¿°v Ah-cpsS km∂n[yw

A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-cp-∂p. cmP-Ip-Spw-_-ß-fn¬ \n∂v t]mepw aX-]-cn-h¿Ø\w

\S-∂p. Ad_nIfpsS aXw kzoI-cn-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w Ah¿°v Xß-fpsS

s]Ïp-ń-Isf hnhmlw sNbvXp sImSp-°p-∂-Xnepw tIc-fo-b¿ X¬]-

c-cm-bn-cp-∂p. D®-\o-NXzw \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ A°m-eØv aXw amdn-

bm¬ Abn-Ø-an-√msX am\y-ambn Pohn-°m-sa∂ Ah-ÿbpw [mcm-f-

°W°n¬ aX-]-cn-h¿Ø\w \S-°m≥ Imc-W-am-bn.

tIm´-°tema\- Ip-™m-en°v

Xnøcpw \mbcpw H∂p-t]m-se.

F∂ \mS≥ ]mńs‚ hcn-Iƒ Cu kaXz`mh-amWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

tIc-f-Ønse \m´p-cm-Pm-°-∑m-cpsS sIm´m-c-Øn¬ apkvenwIƒ°v

henb ÿm\-am-Wp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. apkvenwIfpsS klm-b-tØm-sS-bmWv

tImgn-t°ms´ kmaq-Xncn cmPmhv Z£n-tW-¥y-bnse G‰hpw henb

ssk\nI i‡n-bmbn hf¿∂-Xv. Ad-_n-°-∏-ep-I-fn¬ Poh-\-°msc \nb-

an-°p-tºmƒ Ah¿°v aX-]-cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn-\p≈ kzmX-¥yhpw \¬In-

bn-cp-∂p. Hcp apkvenan\v kmaq-Xn-cn-tbm-sSm∏w Ccn-°p-∂-Xn\v Hcp XS-

-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. \mb¿t°m IogvPmXn-°m¿t°m AXv A\p-h-Zn-

®n-cp-∂n-√. s]m∂m-\n-bnse aJvZqap-Iƒ kmaq-Xn-cn-bpsS D]-tZjvSm°-

fm-bn-cp-∂p. apkvenwIfpsS i‡n-bpsS sXfn-hmWv Ad-°¬ cmP-hw-i-

Øns‚ ]ndhn Xs∂.

hnZym-`ym-k-cw-KsØ apt∂‰w

tIc-f-Øn¬ apkvenwIfpsS hf¿®-°-\p-k-cn®v Ah¿°v hnZym-`ym-

k-cw-KØpw apt∂-‰-ap-≠m-bn. ]≈n-I-tfm-S-\p-_-‘n® Z¿kp-I-fm-bn-cp∂p

BZy-Im-esØ hnZym-]o-T-ßƒ. ]Xn-\©mw \q‰m-≠n¬ ae-_m-dn¬

kμ¿i\w \S-Ønb ]kn≤ Ncn-X-Im-c≥ C_v\p _XqX Ggn-a-e-

bn¬ I≠ Hcp Z¿kn-s\-∏‰n Cßs\ hnh-cn-°p-∂p. ""Cu ]≈n-bn¬

hn⁄m-\-k-ºm-Z-\-Øn¬ G¿s∏´ Hcp Iq´w hnZym¿∞n-I-fp-≠v. Ah¿°v

]≈n kzØn¬ \n∂v thX\w \¬Ip-∂p. ]≈n-tbm-S-\p-_-‘n®v Hcp

13

t\Xr-kvarXn auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

ASp-°-f-bp-≠v. AhnsS hcp∂h¿°pw t]mIp-∂-h¿°p-sa√mw th≠nbpw

apkvenw km[p-°-fpsS ]´nWn Xo¿°m\pw `£Ww ]mIw sNøp-∂p.''

s]m∂m-\n-bnse Z¿kn\v Hcp k¿h-I-em-im-e-bpsS ÿm\-am-Wp-≠m-bn-

cp-∂-Xv. Ahn-S∂p ]T\w ]q¿Øn-bm°n ]pdØp hcp-∂-h-cm-bn-cp∂p

hnhn[ ]≈n-I-fn¬ A[ym-]-I-cmbn h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. Nmen-b-am-bn-cp∂p

XpS-°-Øn¬ ssh⁄m-\nI ]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ tIμw. Nmen-bsØ

]Ya Jmfn amenIv C_v\p Zo\m-dns‚ ]uX≥ apl-ΩZv C_v\p amenIv

Bbn-cp-∂p. 1871 ¬ hmg-°m´v Bcw-`n® Z¿kv ]n¬°m-eØv Hcp \thm-

∞m\ tIμ-ambn hnI-kn®p F∂v ]d-bmw. sImS-ß-√q¿, sX°≥ sIm√w,

tImgn-t°mSv, Nmen-bw, s]m∂m-\n, ]¥-em-bn\n sIm√w, [¿a-Sw, hS-I-

c, IÆq¿, hf-]-´-Ww, amSm-bn, Ggn-a-e, ioI-WvT-]p-cw, Imk¿tKm-Uv,

awK-em-]pcw F∂n-h-bm-bn-cp∂pht√m ]mNo\ apkvenw tIμ-ßƒ. Ch-

bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ]e ]≈n-I-fnepw D∂X \ne-hm-c-Øn-ep≈ Z¿kp-I-

fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. CØcw Z¿kp-I-fn¬ ico-AØv hn⁄m-\-ßƒ°v ]pdsa

`qan-im-kvXw, tKmf-im-kvXw, X¿°-im-kvXw, sshZy-imkvXw XpS-ßn-

b-hbpw A`y-kn-®n-cp-∂p. Nne ]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ sshZy≥ F∂m¬ apkvenw

F∂mWv A¿∞-am-°n-bn-cp-∂-X-sX.

Ad_n kmlnXyw

Ad_n kmln-Xy-cw-KØpw apkvenwIƒ anI® ]ptcm-KXn t\Sn. ]Xn-

\memw \q‰m-≠n¬ Pohn® Nmen-bsØ Jmfn ssk\p-±o≥ da-Zm≥ Xk-

Δp-^n¬ cNn® KŸ-amWv BZysØ Ad_n KŸ-sa∂v ]dbs∏-Sp-

∂p. lnPvd 1159 ¬ tImgn-t°m-s´-Ønb ssiJp_v\p apl-Ω-Zp¬ Pn^vcn-

bpsS ][m-\-Ir-Xn-bmWv I≥kp¬ _dm-lo≥. kønZv ^Zvep¬ Pn^vdn

_n´o-jp-Im¿s°Xn-cn¬ s]mcp-Xm≥ Blzm\w sNbvXv sIm≠v "Ass -

^p¬ _Øm¿' cNn-®p. ln.1025-˛¬ A¥-cn® Jmfn apl-ΩZv cNn®

"aplvbn±o≥ ame' `mjm-]n-Xm-hmb Xp©-sØ-gp-Ø-—s‚ A≤ym-fl-cm-

am-b-W-tØ-°mƒ A©p h¿jw ]g-°-ap≈ IrXn-bm-Wv. At±-l-Øns‚

Ad-_n-Im-hy-amb "^Xvlp¬ ap_o≥' ]d-¶n-Iƒs°-Xn-cn¬ apkvenwIsf

klm-bn® kmaq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sns‚ A]-Zm-\-ßsf h¿Wn-°p-∂Xpw kap-Zmb

kulm¿Z-Øns‚ ktμiw Pzen-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv. thsdbpw ap∏-tXmfw

KŸ-ßƒ At±lw cNn-®n-´p-≠v. aJvZpw AlvaZv ssk\p-±o≥ (ln.1028)

cNn® Xplv -Øp¬ apPm-ln-Zo≥ temI-]-kn-≤-hpw temI- m-j-I-fn-te°v

hnh¿Ø\w sNø-s∏-´-Xp-amb IrXn-bm-Wv. s]m∂m\n \nc-h[n Ad_n

KŸ-Im-c-∑msc kw`m-h\ sNbvXn-´p-≠v. tIc-f-Ønse Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂

]pcm-X\ Ad_n Ihn-bmWv A_q-_-I¿ C_v\p da-Zm≥ Nmen-bmXo

(In.1521). henb ssk\p-±o≥ F∂ t]cn-e-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ssk\p-Zo≥

C_v\p Aenbpw hne-s∏´ ]e KŸ-ßfpw cNn-®n-´p-≠v. Cßs\ tIc-

14


f-Øn¬ KŸ cN\\S-Ønb \nc-h[n ]fin-X-∑m-cp-≠v. Ah-cn¬ Nne¿

a°-bnepw CuPn-]vXnepw D]-cn-]-T\w \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p.

t]m¿®p-Kokv BI-aWw

Ggp-\q-‰-≠p-Iƒ Cßs\ tIc-f-Ønse apkvenwIƒ ssh⁄m-\n-I-

˛-km-º-ØnI cwK-ß-fn¬ anIhv ]pe¿Øn Ign-™p. CXc P\-hn-`m-K-

ß-fp-ambn kulrZw ]pe¿Ønbpw `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn -I-fpsS aXn∏v

B¿Pn®pw Pohn-®p. Aßs\ A¥- nepw kam-[m-\-Ønepw Ign-bp-tºm-

gmWv 1498-˛¬ hmkvtIm-Un-Kma tImgn-t°ms´ Im∏mSv I∏-en-d-ßp-∂-Xv.

apkvenw kvs]bn≥ XI¿Øv ISpØ apkvenw hntcm-[-hp-ambn h∂

t]m¿®pKokp-Im¿°v apkvenwIfn¬ \n∂v kapZ hym]mcw ]nSn-s®-SpØv

Ahsc \in-∏n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p e£yw. 240 lmPn-am-scbpw sIm≠v a°-

bn¬ \n∂v Xncn-®p-h-cn-I-bm-bn-cp∂ I∏-en\v Xo sImSpØv AXn-ep≈

apgp-h≥ lmPn-am-scbpw Nps´-cn-®p. t]m¿®p-Ko-kp-Im¿ apkvenwItfmSv

sNbvX Iqc-X-Iƒ ssiJv ssk\p-±o≥ Icƒ apdn™v IÆo-cmbn

HgpIpw hn[w Xs‚ XqenI sIm≠v Cßs\ NnXo-I-cn-°p∂p: ""FX-

sbX D∂X Ipe-Pm-X-cmb kvXoI-sf-bmWv Ah¿ XS-hp-Im-cm°n am\-

`w-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv-˛ InkvXy≥ Ip™p-ßƒ°v P∑w \¬Im≥. FX-

sbX køn-Zp-amscbpw ]fin-X-∑m-scbpw Ah¿ Iqc]oU-\-ßƒ°n-c-

bm-°n.'' H∂c \q‰m≠v Imew kmaq-Xn-cn-bpsS \mhn-I-∏-S-bpsS \mb-

IXzw hln-°p-Ibpw t]m¿®p-Ko-kp-Im-tcmSv ]S-s]m-cp-Xp-Ibpw sNbvX

Ip™m-en-a-c-°m¿s°-Xn-cn¬ kmaq-Xn-cn-bn¬ hntcm[w hf¿Øm≥

t]m¿®pKokp-Im¿°v Ign-™p. Ip™men \mem-a-s\bpw Iq´p-Im-scbpw

tKmh-bn-te°v sIm≠p-t]mbn h[n-®p. arX-tZlw IjvW-ß-fm°n ]e

ÿe-ß-fnepw ]Z¿in-∏n-®p.

A[x-]-X-\-Øns‚ XpS°w

Chn-S-∂-tßm´v apkvenwIfpsS A[x-]-X\w Bcw- n-®p. Ah-cpsS I®-

h-S-°p-ØI \jvS-s∏-´p. D]-Po-h-\-am¿Kw tXSn Kma-ß-fn-te°v \oßnb

Ah¿ sNdnb I®-h-S-°mcpw I¿j-I-cp-am-bn. _n´ojv B[n-]Xyw Bcw-

`n-®-tXmsS Ah-cpsS ]ptcm-K-Xn°v th≠n _n´o-jp-Im¿ H∂pw sNbvXn√.

`c-W-Øns‚ XW-en¬ ssIkvXh kaqlw A\p-Zn\w Db¿∂p sIm≠n-

cp∂p. apkvenwIƒ kmº-Øn-I-ambpw hnZym-`ym-k-]-c-ambpw ]nt∂m-°-

am-bn. F∂m¬ PmXn hyh-ÿ-bpsS ]oU-\-Øn¬ \n∂v c£-s∏-Sm≥

Xmgv∂ PmXn-°m¿ Iq´-tØmsS Ckvemante°v h∂p. ]t£ Ah¿°v

Bh-iy-amb in£Ww \¬Im≥ apkvenwIƒ ian-®n-√. AXn-\m¬ lnμp-

a-X-Ønse ]e ]gb BNm-c-ßfpw apkvenwIƒ Bb-Xn\v tijhpw

Ah¿ \ne-\n¿Øn. CXv hnZym-`ym-k-]-c-amb ]nt∂m-°m-h-ÿ-°v ]p-dsa

15


Ah¿°n-S-bn¬ A‘-hn-izm-k-ßƒ ]N-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Imc-W-am-bn.

hnZy t\Sp-∂-Xn¬ \n∂v apkvenwIƒ _lp-Zqcw AI∂p. hnti-jn®pw

kvIqƒ, tImtfPv hnZym-`ym-kw. Cw•o-jn-t\mSv ISpØ hntcm[w

]pe¿Øn. Cw•ojv kvIqfn¬ Ipńsb tN¿Ø amb≥ F∂v t]cp≈

Bsf "Im^¿ amb≥' F∂v hnfn-®n-cp∂p t]m¬. A∂sØ apkvenw

]nt∂m-°m-h-ÿ-sb-∏‰n temK≥ ae-_m¿ am\z-en¬ ]d-bp∂p: ""Hcp kap-

Zm-b-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ Ah¿, apgp-h-\p-a-s√-¶nepw an°-hmdpw F√m-hcpw

Xs∂ \nc-£-c-cm-Wv. Ah¿°v In´p∂ Htc Hcp hnZym-`ymkw Ad_n

`mj-bn-ep≈ Jp¿-B-\nse Nne hN-\-ßƒ sNm√n tIƒ°p-∂Xv XØ-

sb-t∏mse Dcp-hn-Sp-∂Xv amX-am-Wv. lnμp-°-fpsS ]≈n-°q-S-ß-fn¬ sN∂v

apkvenwIƒ ]Tn-°p-∂-Xns\ apkvenw c£n-Xm-°ƒ A\p-h-Zn-°p-I-bn-

√.''

]nt∂m° kap-Zmbw

temIw ]ptcm-K-an-°p-Ibpw Np‰p-ap≈ lnμp, InkvXy≥ kaq-l-ßƒ

hnZym-`ym-k-]-c-ambn Db-cp-Ibpw sNøp∂ kμ¿`-Øn¬ hnPvRm\-˛-

imkvX cwKØv temI-Øn\v Xs∂ shfn®w \¬Inb apkvenwIfpsS

]n≥Km-an-Iƒ tIc-f-Øn¬ hnZym-`ym-k-tØmSpw imkvX-]-T-\-tØmSpw

G‰hpw ]ptcm-K-an® `mj-bmb Cw•o-jn-t\mSpw apJw Xncn®p \n∂p

F∂Xv Ncn-X-Ønse G‰hpw henb hntcm-[m-`m-k-am-bn-cp-∂p. kap-Zm-

bsØ D¬_p-≤X ]m]n-°m≥ t]cn-∏n-t°≠ aX-]-fin-X-∑m¿ Ahsc

hnZym-`ymkw t\Sp-∂-Xn¬ \n∂v ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Cw•ojv \c-

I-Ønse `mj-bm-sW∂v Ah¿ P\-ßsf [cn-∏n-®p. apkvenw s]Ïp-

ń-Iƒ°v Isø-gpØv ]Tn-∏n-°¬ ldmw BsW∂v ^Xvhm \¬In.

CXns\sb√mw adn-I-S∂v kvIqfn¬ ]Tn®v Hcp s]Ïpń So®-dm-b-Xn\v

tijw Ah-cpsS ]q¿hm-\p-`hw Cßs\ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p:

""Fs‚ _m∏ JØo_pw Cam-ap-am-bn-cp-∂p. hoń-\-Sp-Øp≈ Hcp lnμp

kvIqfn¬ At±lw Fs∂ tN¿Øp. JØo-_ns‚ aIƒ kvIqfn¬ ]Tn-

°p-∂-Xn¬ i‡-amb FXn¿∏v h∂p. Rm≥ ]T\w \ndp-Øn. ]ns∂

Hfn™pw adn™pw kvIqfn¬ t]m°v ]p\-cm-cw-`n-®p. kvIqƒ hoSn-\-Sp-

Øm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw Bcpw ImWm-Xn-cn-°m≥ hf™ hgn-bn-eqsS Hcp

]pg IS∂v c≠p aq∂v ^¿temßv bmX sNbvXv kvIqfns‚ ]n∂n-se-

Øpw. AXn-en-S°v kvIqfns‚ hm¿jnIw h∂p. Rm≥ Hcp Cw•ojv

]kwKw \SØn. FXn¿∏v AXn-cq-£-ambn. Ah-km\w Hcp ]fin-Xs‚

^Xvhm hmßn. ""\a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ shfn-hm-Ip∂ `mK-ß-sf√mw shfn-

hm°n kvIqfn¬ t]mIp-tºmƒ "tImØmbn' (sN-Ip-Øm≥) F∂v hnfn®p

Ipń-Iƒ Ifn-bm-°pw. A∂p apX¬ Fs‚ _m∏sb ]≈n-bn¬ \n∂v

]pd-Øm-°n...''

16


A∂sØ Ahÿ Cßs\:

""ASp-°f hn´v t]mbn√

Adn-hp-t≈msc I≠n√

Adn-hp-I-sfm∂pw ]Tn-®n√

^Xvhms°m´pw apń√''

\thm-∞m\ ]h¿Ø\w

F¶nepw apkvenw temIØv Bcw-`n® apkvenw \thm-∞m\ Ne-\-

Øns‚ Inc-W-ßƒ tIc-f-Ønepw Nne `mK-ß-fn¬ ]Xy-£-s∏-ń-cp-

∂p. AXn¬ BIr-jvS-\mbn cwKØv h∂ BZysØ ]fin-X-\sX

shfn-b-t¶mSv P\n® a‡n Xßƒ (1847-˛1912). At±lw Cw•ojv ]Tn-

°m\pw _nójv Kh¿sa‚ns‚ Iogn¬ DtZym-K-ßƒ hln-°m\pw

Blzm\w sNbvXp. kvXo hnZym-`ym-ksØ t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw

s]Ïp-ń -Iƒ°v ]tXyI hnZym-e-b-ßƒ ÿm]n-t°-W-sa∂v

Blzm\w \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. sX°≥ tIc-f-Øn¬ hSp-X-e-bn¬

P\n® laZm\n Xßƒ (a.1922) Ad-_n-˛-kw-kvIr-X-˛-a-e-bmf \nL≠p

cNn® ]fin-X\mWv. At±-l-Øn\v k¿°m¿ hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-ßƒ

\n¿an-°m≥ 8 G°¿ ÿew A\p-h-Zn-®p-sh-¶nepw kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ \n∂v

kl-I-cWw e`n-°mbvI ImcWw AXv ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.

aX-˛-hn-Zym-`ym-k-˛-km-ln-Xy-˛-kmw-kvIm-cnI cwKØv ]e ]cn-jvI-cW

]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw \S-Ønb \thm-∞m\ \mb-I-\sX h°w A_vZp¬

JmZ¿ auehn (1873˛1932) At±lw 1907-˛¬ cma-Ir-jvW-]n-≈sb ]Xm-

[n-]-cmbn \nb-an®v Bcw-`n® kztZ-im-`n-am\n ]Xw \thm-∞m-\-Øns‚

i_vZ-am-bn-cp-∂p. apkvenw ]nt∂m-°m-h-ÿ°v ][m\ ImcWw hnZym-

`ym-k-Øns‚ Ipd-hm-sW∂v Is≠-Ønb At±lw apkvenwIsf D¬_p-

≤-cm-°m\pw Ah-cn¬ hn⁄m\w hf¿Øm\pw Dt±-in®v apkvenw, A¬-

Ckvemw, Zo]nI F∂o ]X-ßƒ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. 1918-˛¬ At±lw Fgp-

Xnb teJ-\-Øn¬ apkvenwIfpsS km£-cXm \nc°v Hcp iX-am-\-am-

sW∂v ka¿∞n-°p-∂p-≠v. apkvenw \thm-∞m\ cwKØv ]h¿Øn®

as‰mcp alm-hy-‡n-Xz-asX sI.-Fw.-au-ehn (1886-˛1964). \mSns‚ kzmX-

¥y-Øn\v th≠n k[ocw ]h¿Øn® aue-hnsb _nó-jp-Im¿ Xq°n-

s°m-√m≥ hn[n-®p. At±lw sImSp-ß-√q-cn-te°v Hfn-t®m-Sn. koXn kmln-

_ns‚ hoń-emWv Iptd-Imew Xma-kn-®-Xv. sImSp-ß-√q-cn¬ \thm-∞m\

]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cns° h¿j-ßƒ°v tijw _nó-jp-

Im¿ At±-l-Øns‚ t]cn¬ Npa-Ønb Ip‰w ]n≥h-en-®-t∏mƒ Xncq-c-

ßm-Sn-bn-te°v aS-ßn. ]e ]X-am-kn-I-Ifpw KŸ-ßfpw ]kn-≤o-I-cn-

°p-Ibpw hnZym-`ymk kap-≤m-cW ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ \S-Øp-Ibpw

sNbvXp. Xncq-c-ßm-Sn bXow Jm\ ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn¬ Fw.-sI.-lm-Pn-tbm-

17


sSm-∏-ap≈ At±-l-Øns‚ ]¶v kphn-Zn-X-am-Wv. Xe-t»-cn-bn¬ `qPm-X-

\mb C.-sI.-au-ehn hmg-°mSv Nmen-e-I-Øns‚ Z¿kn¬ \n∂v hnc-an®

tijw sImSp-ß-√q-cn¬ A[ym-]I\mbn hcn-Ibpw k¿°m¿ k¿ho-kn¬

]th-in®v 1944-˛¬ Fd-Wm-Ipfw alm-cm-Pmkv tImtf-Pn¬ A[ym-]-I-

\mbn \nb-an-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. sIm®n apkvenwIfpsS hnZym-`ymk

]ptcm-K-Xn°v th≠n ]h¿Øn® auehn 1947-˛¬ P∑-\m-´n-te°v aSßn

AhnsS hnZym- ymk ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-te¿s∏- p. ]ns∂ Xncq-c-ßmSn bXow

Jm\-bpsS ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw kPo-h-ambn ]s¶-Sp-Øp.

tIc-f-Øn¬ apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ hnZym-`ymk Ncn-X-Øn¬ Hcp

kph¿Wm-≤ymbw cNn® t\Xm-hsX sImSp-ß-√q-cn¬ `qPm-X-\mb sI.-

Fw.-ko-Xn-km-ln_v (1899-˛1961). At±lw \nb-a-_n-cpZw t\Sn ]pdØp

h∂-t∏mƒ \m´n¬ kwL-Sn-∏n-°-s∏´ henb kzoI-cWw _ncpZw t\Sp-

∂Xv apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ A∂v Hcp A]q¿h kw -h-ambncp∂p F∂v

hy‡-am-°p-∂p. koXn-km-ln-_ns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ aW∏m´v ]n.-Ip-™n-

ap-l-ΩZv lmPn, sI.-Fw.-au-ehn, C.-sI.-au-ehn XpS-ßn-b-h¿ tN¿∂v

1922˛¬ sImSp-ß-√q-cn¬ Bcw-`n® apkvenw sFIy-kwLw tIc-fo-b-cpsS

hnZym-`ymk ]ptcm-K-Xn°pw \thm-∞m-\-Øn\pw \¬Inb kw`m-h-\-Iƒ

anI-®-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. apkvenweoKv t\Xm-hv, \nb-a-k- mw-Kw, kv]o°¿, NμnI

]X-Øns‚ kvYm]-I≥, KŸ-I¿Øm-hv, D÷z\mb hm‹n F∂o \ne-

s°√mw koXn-km-ln_v ]kn-≤-\m-bn.

aX-hn-Zym-`ymk cwKØv

aZkm hnZym-`ymk cwKØpw D∂X Ad_n ]T-\-cw-KØpw ]e ]cn-

jvI-c-W-ßfpw \S-∏n-em-°n-b, Cw•ojv AS°w A©v `mj-Iƒ

ssIImcyw sNøm≥ Ign-hp-≠m-bn-cp∂ ]fin-X-\sX Nmen-e-IØv

Ip™-l-ΩZv lmPn (1866-˛1919). At±lw cwKØv hcp∂ ImesØ

aZkm ]T-\-Øns‚ coXn Cßs\: ""A©mdv Imep-I-fn¬ \n¿Ønb

ad-bn-√mØ Hcp sN‰-∏p-c. I√p-I-fn¬ ac-∏-eI \nc-Ønb s_©v.

tNSnaÆv tX®p-W-°nb FgpØv ]e-I. "Aen-^n\v ]p≈n-bn-√. _m°v

Hcp ]p≈n Xsg...' Cß-s\-bp≈ A£-c-]-T-\w.'' t_m¿Uv, sUkvIv,

s_©v, s_√v F∂nh D]-tbm-Kn®pw ]ncn-tb-Up-Iƒ IW-°m-°n-bp-ap≈

aZ-km-coXn Nmen-e-IØv \S-∏m-°n-b-t∏mƒ AXn\v henb FXn¿∏v h∂p.

hJv^v kzØv CXn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ ]mSn-s√∂v Hcp hn`mKw hmZn-®p.

t_m¿Un¬ Jp¿B≥ Fgp-Xn-bm¬ AXns‚ tNm°v s]mSn \neØv hohp-

∂Xv Jp¿-Bs\ A]-am-\n-°-em-sW∂v FXn¿ hn`mKw ]fin-X-∑m¿

Btcm-]n-®p. F¶nepw P\-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Ip™-l-ΩZv lmPn-bpsS ]≤-

Xn°v hºn® kzoIm-cyX e`n-®p. At∏mƒ as‰mcp ^Xvhmbp-ambn Hcp

hn`mKw ]fin-X-∑m¿ At±-lsØ t\cn-´p. ""kvXoIƒ°v Isø-gpØv

18


]Tn-∏n-°¬ Idm-lØv BsW∂pw ldm-am-sW∂pw c≠v Ju¬ D≈Xv

sIm≠v AXv aX-Øn¬ \ntcm-[n-°-s∏-´-Xm-Wv.'' F∂m¬ At±lw Xs‚

c≠v s]ä-°sf kvIqfn-te-°-b®v amXrI krjvSn-®p.

]≈n Z¿knepw At±lw kaq-e-amb ]cn-jvI-cWw hcp-Øn. Xs‚

injy-∑m¿°v uXnI hnZym- ymkw Ipd-hm-sW∂v I≠ auem\ KWnXw,

ae-bmfw, s]mXp-hn-⁄m\w F∂nh kne-_-kn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn. henb

]fin-X-∑m¿ t…‰pw ]nSn®v IW°v sNøp-∂Xv ImWm-am-bn-cp∂p F∂v

A∂sØ Hcp ZrIvkm£n ]d-bp-∂p. Aßs\ hmg-°mSv Zmdp¬ Depw

\thm-∞m\ \mb-I-∑msc hm¿sØ-Sp-°p∂ ÿm]-\-am-bn.

kvIqƒ tImtfPv hnZym-`ymkw

hnZym-`ymk cwKØv apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ ]Xps° DW¿hv DS-

se-Sp-Øp-sh-¶nepw Ah¿°v kvIqfp-I-sfm-∂p-ap-≠m-bn-√. 1912-˛¬ BWv

tImgn-t°mSv lnam-b-Xp¬ Ckvemw k -bpsS Iogn¬ Hcp kvIqƒ ÿm]n-

X-am-b-Xv. tIc-f-Ønse BZy apkvenw hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\w. 1918-˛¬

aZvd-k-Øp¬ apl-Ω-Znø F∂ t]cn¬ tImgn-t°mSv as‰mcp kvIqfpw

Bcw-`n-®p. 1910-˛¬ Xs∂ ae-∏p-dØv am∏n-f-am-cpsS hnZym-`ymk ]ptcm-

KXn e£yw sh®v Hcp sSbn-\nwKv kvIqƒ ÿm]n-X-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬

apkvenwIƒ°v Hcp sslkvIqƒ thW-sa∂ Nn¥ i‡n-s∏-´-Xn-\m¬

1935-˛¬ ae-_m¿ Pn√m hnZym-`ymk Hmô-k¿ Jm≥ _l-Zq¿ sI.-ap-l-

ΩZns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Xe-t»-cn-bn¬ Hcp kvIqƒ IΩ‰n cq]o-Ir-X-am-

bn. 1936-˛¬ ae-∏p-dØv BZysØ apkvenw sslkvIqƒ \ne-hn¬ h∂p.

Aen-K¿ apkvenw bq\n -th-g vkn‰n ÿm]n-X-am-b-t∏mƒ AXv

apkvenwIfn¬ hen-sbmcp hnZym-`ym-km-thiw krjvSn-®p. F∂m¬

apkvenwIƒ°v Aßn-ßmbn kvIqfp-Iƒ \ne-hn¬ h∂p-sh-¶nepw

"apkvenwIƒ°v Hcp B¿Svkv & kb≥kv tImtfPv' F∂ kz]v\w

km£m¬IrX-am-bn-√. Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ ]ndhn apX¬ CXn-\mbn

]e L´-ß-fn-embn \S∂ H‰-s∏´ ia-ßƒ H∂pw Xs∂ hnPbw I≠n-

√. 1921 se ae-_m¿ Iem]w bYm¿∞-Øn¬ apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Øns‚

DW¿hn\pw apt∂m-´p≈ Ka-\-Øn\pw hen-sbmcp Xncn-®-Sn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

1923-˛¬ koXn kmln-_ns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ \ne-hn¬ h∂ apkvenw

sFIy-kwLw "tIcf apkvenw tImtfPv IΩ‰n' F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp kwL-

S\ cq]o-I-cn®v tImtf-Pn-\m-h-iy-amb ÿew ]gb Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿

Kh¨sa‚n¬ \n∂v kºm-Zn®v iaw Bcw-`n-®p-sh-¶nepw hnP-bn-®n-√.

apkvenwIƒ°v tIc-f-Øn¬ \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ lnμp-˛-In-kvXy≥

tImtf-Pp-I-fn¬ AUvan-j≥ e`n-°m≥ hfsc ]bmkw A\p-`-h-s∏-ń-

cp-∂p. Ad_n D∂-X-hn-Zym-`ym-k-cw-K-Øm-sW-¶n¬ Nmen-e-I-Øns‚ hmg-

°mSv Zmdp¬ Deq-ans‚ ]cn-jvI-c-W-Øn-\-∏pdw apt∂m´v t]mIm≥

19


apkvenwIƒ°mbn-√.

BsI-IqSn Ccpƒ ap‰nb \ncm-im-P-\-I-amb Cu A¥co£-Øn-te-

°mWv Bbncw h¿jw ]g-°-ap≈ CuPn-]vXnse temI ]kn-≤-amb

A¬ Akvl¿ k¿h-I-em-im-e-bn¬ \n∂v sImfp-Øn-sb-SpØ ]Im-i-

\m-f-hp-ambn hnZym-`ymk \thm-∞m\ \mb-I-\mb Hcp aX-]-fin-X≥

IS∂p hcp-∂-Xv˛ AsX, Hcp ]pXnb ]`m-X-Øn\v P∑-ta-Inb auem\m

A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen.

20


2.A_p- -_mlv:

tIcfw apX¬ ssItdm hsc

P\-\w-˛-hn-Zym-`ymkw

Xriq¿ Pn√-bnse Nmh-°ms´ shtº-\m´v Hcp CS-Øcw IpSpw-_-

Øn¬ 1906-˛¬ P\n® AlvaZv Aen F∂ A\mY inip hf¿∂p hep-

Xm-bn- `m-hn-bn¬ \nc-h[n t]¿°v hn⁄m\ shfn®w ]I¿∂p

sImSp°p∂ Hcp NcnX ]pcp-j-\mbn Db-cp-sa∂v A∂v Bc-dn-™p. alm-

∑m-cmb ]e-cp-sSbpw Pohn-X-IY ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ ]Xn-Iqe kml-N-cy-

ßsf AXn-Po-hn®v Db-c-ßƒ ]m]n® A¤pXw Ah-cn¬ Is≠-Øm≥

Ign-bpw. hnZym-`ymk kuIcyw hfsc ]cn-an-X-am-bn-cp∂ A°m-eØv

]mY-anI kvIqƒ hnZym-`ymkw t\Sm≥ amXta AlvaZv Aen°v Ah-

kcw e`n-®p-≈p. A∂sØ HmØp]≈naX-]-T\w ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-b-tijw

\m´nse kºZmba\p-k-cn®v XpS¿ aX-]-T-\-Øn-\mbn ae-∏pdw Pn√-bnse

tIm°q¿ ]≈n Z¿kn¬ tN¿∂p. ]t£, sNdp∏w apXte AZ-ay-amb

hn⁄m\ XrjvWbpw Db¿∂v ]Tn-°m-\p≈ A`n-hm-RvObpw At±-l-

Øn¬ \msº-Sp-Øn-cp-∂p. AXv ImcWw Db¿∂ ]fin-X-∑m-cpsS

injyXzw kzoI-cn-°m≥ At±lw sImXn-®p. Ad_n hymI-cW imkvX-

Øn¬ hyp¬]Øn t\Snb Hcp ]fin-X≥ aøgnbn¬ ¢m v \S-Øp-∂p-

s≠-∂-dn™v AhnsS t]mbn At±-l-Øns‚ Z¿kn¬ tN¿∂p. AXn¬

sh®v ]e hnj-b-ßfpw ]Tn®tXmsSm∏w [mcmfw kplr-Øp-°sfbpw

kºm-Zn-®p. ]≈n Z¿knse ]T\w Hcp \ne-hm-c-Øn-se-Øn-bm¬ ]ns∂

D∂X ]T-\-Øn\v A∂v sh√q¿ _mJn-bm-Øp- m-en-lmØv Ad_n

tImtf-Pns\ Bi-bn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p ]Xn-hv. ]q¿h ImesØ ]fin-

X-∑m-cpsS t]cn-t\m-sSm∏w tN¿Øn-cp∂ _ncpZw Fw.-F-^v._n (auehn

^mkn¬ _mJ-hn) F∂m-bn-cp-∂p. AlvaZv Aen _mJn-bm-Øns\ Dt±-

in®v sNs∂-¶nepw ]mb-°p-dhv ImcWw ]d™v At±-l-Øn\v ]th-

i\w \ntj-[n-°-s∏-´p. ]mbsØ Ih-®p-sh-°p∂ _p≤n-]-chpw

21


ssh⁄m-\n-I-hp-amb Ignhv At±-l-Øn\v hn\-bm-bn. \ncm-i-\m-ImsX

At±lw aZmkv Pam-enø tImtf-Pns‚ Ihm-Shpw apń-t\m-°n.

A¬ Akvl¿ k¿h-I-em-im-e-bn-te°v

]Xn-s\-´p-Im-c-\mb Cu bphmhv aø-gn-bnse ]T-\-Im-eØv kºm-

Zn® kplr-Øp-°-fnepw kl-]m-Tn-I-fnepw s]´ Nne¿ sImfw-t_m-bn¬

_nkn-\kv \S-Øp-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-cpsS £W-]Imcw Ahn-sS-sb-

Ønb AlvaZv Aen°v CuPn-]vXnse A¬ Akvl¿ k¿h-I-em-im-e-

bn¬ \n∂v _ncpZw t\Snb Nne ]fin-X-∑m-cp-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-hm≥

Ah-kcw e`n-®p. temI-Ønse G‰hpw A[nIw ]g-°-ap≈ ]uVn-\n-

d™ Cu hnPvRm\ tIμ-Øn¬ tN¿∂v ]Tn-°m-\p≈ Xm¬]cyw At±-

l-Øn¬ Hcm-th-i-ambn hf¿∂p. sImsfmwt_mbn¬ \n∂v \mń¬ Xncn-

s®-Ønb tijw ]ns∂ A¬ Akvl¿ amX-ambn At±-l-Øns‚ Nn¥.

]Xn_‘-ß-fpsS ]hmlw Xs∂ ap∂n-te°v HgpIn hs∂-¶nepw Ah-

sb√mw Xń-b-I‰n At±lw e£y-Øn-te°v ]bmWw \S-Øn. kmº-

ØnI ]iv\-ßƒ ]cn-l-cn-°m≥ kz¥w t]cnep≠m-bn-cp∂ `qan hn‰p

]W-ap-≠m-°n. t_mws_-bnseØnsb-¶nepw hnk icn-s∏-Sm≥ Znh-k-

ßƒ ImØp-\n¬t°≠n h∂p. Cu CS-thf D¿Zp ]Tn-°m≥ D]-tbm-K-

s∏-Sp-Øn. 1924- ¬ Hcp ]pXnb hnZym¿∞n PohnXw Bcw- n-°m≥ At±lw

CuPn-]vXn-te°v I∏¬ Ib-dn.

A¬ Akvldns‚ NcnXw

NcnX ]kn-≤-amb A¬ Akvl¿ k¿hI-em-ime In.968-˛¬

CuPn]vXv `cn® ^mXznan `c-W-Ønse tk\m-\m-b-I-\mbncp∂

Puldp nJven ssItdm-hn¬ \n¿an® ]≈n-bn¬ \n∂mWv Bcw-`n-°p-

∂-Xv. AXn\v At±lw ]hm-NI ]pXn-bmb ^mXzna _ohn°v \¬Im-

dp≈ "A¬klvdmAv' F∂ hnti-j-WsØ kqNn-∏n®p sIm≠v A¬

Akvl¿ F∂v t]cn-´p. ^mXznan Jeo^ Akokv _n√m-bpsS a¥n-

bm-bn-cp∂ bAvJp_p_v\p In¬kv BZy-ambn AXn¬ ]T\ kº-Zmbw

G¿s∏-SpØn aX-]-fin-X-∑msc \nb-an-®p. AtXmsS "A¬ akvPn-Zp¬

Pman-Av' Hcp "PmanA' (k¿h-I-em-im-e) Bbn `mhn-bn¬ cq]m-¥-c-s∏-

´p. ]n∂oSv ]≈ntbmS-\p-_-‘n®v Hcp sse_dn ÿm]n-°-s∏-´p. `cW

I£n-bmb ^mXznanIƒ ioA-aZvl_v A\p-k-cn-®mWv ]≈n-bn¬ NS-

ßp-Iƒ \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. F¶nepw ]≈nbnse Z¿kn¬ im^nCu,

amenIo aZvl-_p-Iƒ ]Tn∏n®ncp∂p. In.1171-˛¬ ^mXznan `cWw Ah-

km-\n® tijw kp∂n Bi-b-°m-cmb Aøq-_n-Iƒ A[n-Im-c-Øn¬

h∂-t∏mƒ ap≥ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-IfpsS F√m \S-]-Sn-Ifpw \n¿Øn-sh-®p.

]ns∂ A[n-Im-c-Øn¬ h∂ aweq-Ip-Iƒ CSn™p s]mfn™ ]≈n

22


]pXp°n ]Wn-Xp. In.1303˛¬ Hcp `qan Ipep-°sØ XpS¿∂v A¬

Akvl-dn\v \mi-\-jvS-ßƒ kw`-hn-®-t∏mƒ Aao¿ k√m¬ AXv

]pXp°n ]Wn-Xp. temI-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬ \n∂v A¬ Akvl-

dn¬ ]Tn-°m≥ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ h∂p sIm≠n-cp-∂p. alm-]-fin-X-∑m-cmb

C_v\p-a≥Zq¿, J¬J-i-¥n, C_v\p lP-dp¬ AkvJ-em-\n, kpbqXzn

XpS-ßn-b-h-sc√mw B Ime-L-´-Øn¬ A¬ Akvl-dn¬ ]Tn-®-h-cm-Wv.

]kn≤ NcnXImc≥ C_v\p J¬Zp≥ CuPn-]vXn¬ h∂-t∏mƒ A¬

Ak-l-dn¬ ¢m v FSp-Øn-cp-∂p.

1798˛¬ s\t∏m-fn-b≥ CuPn-]vXn¬ A[n-\n-thiw \S-Øn-b-Xns\

XpS¿∂v A¬ Akvl¿ tZiob kzmX-¥y-k-a-c-Øns‚ kncm-tI-μ-ambn

amdn. A¬ Akvl-dn¬ hnπ-h-Im-cn-Iƒ XSn®p IqSn. ^©v ssk\nI

ta[m-hnsb IpØn-s°m-∂p. XpS¿∂v A¬ Akvl¿ XI¿°m≥ ^©v

ssk\yw DØ-c-hn-´p. ]≈n-bpsS AI-tØ°v IpXn-c-Isf Ib-‰n. hnf-

°p-Iƒ X√n-bp-S-®p. hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ßƒ hen®p Iodn.

hnπ-h-Øn¬ ]s¶-SpØ apgp-h≥ t]scbpw h[n-°m≥ s\t∏m-fn-b≥

DØ-c-hn-´p. \mem-bncw CuPn-]vXp-Im¿ sIm√-s∏-´p. ho≠pw A¬

Akvl¿ hnπhw ]p\-cm-cw- n-®p. A¬ Akvl¿ hnZym¿∞n-bmb kpsse-

am≥ le_n ^©v tk\m-\m-b-I-\mb t¢_sd ]Xn-bn-cp∂p BI-

an®p sIme-s∏-Sp-Øn. kpsse-am\pw \mev A¬ Akvl¿ hnZym¿∞n-

Iƒ°pw c-W-IqSw h[-in£ hn[n-®p. 1919- ¬ A¬ Akvl¿ _ncpZ[mcn-

bmb kAZv kK-eq-ens‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ _n´-s\-Xn-cn¬ Hcp henb

hnπhw \S-∂p.

apkvenw temI-Ønse G‰hpw henb ]cn-jvI¿Øm-hmbn KWn-°-

s∏-Sp∂ apl-ΩZv A_vZp (1845-˛1905) A¬ Akvl-dn¬ A[ym-]-I-\mbn

\nb-an-X-\m-b-tijw At±lw Ahn-SsØ ]T\ coXn-bn¬ hºn® ]cn-

jv°m-c-ßƒ hcp-Øn.

hnπ-h-Imcnbmb hnZym¿∞n

temI-]-ikvX ]fin-X-∑mcpw kmln-Xy-Im-c-∑m-cp-amb tUm.-Xzmlm

lpssk≥, cn^m AXzlvXzmhn, A_vZp≈ ^nIvco, AlvaZv Aao≥

XpS-ßn-b-h-sc-sb√mw hm¿sØ-SpØ Cu al-Ømb hnZym-]o-T-Øn-te-

°mWv 19 hb- p-Im-c-\mb AlvaZv Aen Ad_n coXn-b-\p-k-cn®v "A_p-

-_mlv' (]-`m-X-Øns‚ ]nXm-hv) F∂ _lp-a-Xn-t∏cv kzoI-cn-®p-

sIm≠v IS∂p h∂-Xv. hntZi hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS AUvan-j≥ Npa-Xe

A∂v am¬Zzo-]p-Im-c-\mb ssiJv dphm-Jn-\m-bn-cp-∂p. ]mb-am-bn-´n-s√∂

ImcWw ]d™v At±lw A_p- -_m-ln\v AUvan-j≥ \ntj-[n®p.

F¶nepw kma¿∞yw ]tbm-Kn®v Bdp amk-Øn\v tijw At±lw

AwKo-IrX ]Z-hn-bp≈ hnZym¿∞n-bm-bn. AtXmsS At±lw A¬

23


Akvl-dn¬ tN¿∂ c≠m-asØ ae-bm-fn-bm-bn. H∂m-asØ ae-bmfn

h°w aue-hn-bpsS Afn-b\pw Aen-K¿ apkvenw k¿h-I-emi _ncp-Z-

[m-cn, KŸ-I¿Øm-hv, aZn-cmin apl-Ω-Z≥ tImtfPv Ad_n A[ym-]-

I≥ F∂o \ne-s°√mw ]kn-≤-\mb Fw.Fw.-A-_vZp¬ JmZ¿ auehn

(1890-˛1951) BWv. im¥-\mbn Hcp apdn-bn¬ ]pkvX-I-∏p-gp-hmbn NS™p

IqSp∂ ]Ir-X-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂n√ A_p- -_m-lv. adn®v Xn∑-I-tfmSv

i‡-ambn ]Xn-I-cn-°p-Ibpw hnZym¿∞n ]iv\-ß-fn¬ kPo-h-ambn CS-

s]-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂ hnπ-h-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp∂p k¿h-I-em-im-e-bn¬ A∂v

hntZi hnZym¿∞n-I-tfm-Sp≈ kao-]\w hnth-N-\-]-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿°v

e`n-°p∂ Xmak kuI-cy-ßƒ Xr]vXn-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. CXv t]mse

A¬ Akvl-dnse A∂sØ ]T\ kº-Zmbw IpØ-gn-™Xpw ]g-©-

\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. A_p- -_mlv "A¬ dm_nXXp»¿Jnø' F∂ t]cn¬

Hcp hnZym¿∞n kwL-S\ cq]o-I-cn®v Xß-fpsS Bh-iy-ßƒ AS-ßnb

satΩmdm≠w Xøm-dm°n A∂sØ A¬ Akvl¿ ta[mhn (ssi-Jp¬

Akvl¿)-bm-bn-cp∂ ssiJv apkvX^m adm-Kn°pw AwK-ßƒ°pw Ab®p

sImSp-Øp. satΩm-dm-≠-Ønse apgp-h≥ Bh-iy-ßfpw DS≥ ]cn-l-cn-

°-s∏-´p.

Nμ-\-Øncn hn¬∏\°mc≥

A¬ Akvl-dnse hnZym¿∞n Pohn-X-Im-eØv kmº-ØnI ]bm-

k-ßƒ A_p- -_m-lns\ h√msX sRcp-°n-bn-cp-∂p. ]t£ A`n-am\

t_m[w Xs‚ kzIm-cy-ZpxJw Bsc-sb-¶nepw Adn-bn-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂v

At±-lsØ XS-™p. kq´pw tIm´pw [cn®v A¥- n¬ \S-°p-tºmƒ

t`Z-s∏- -h-\m-sWt∂ tXm∂p-I-bp-≈q. AXvsIm≠v Xs∂ "kønZv Aao¿'

F∂ t]cn-emWv hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°n-Sbn¬ At±lw Adn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂-Xv.

tImń\v IdpØ \ndw sXc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬ Hcp cl-ky-ap-≠m-bn-cp-

∂p. thKw apjn-bn-√. Ae°pw tkm∏pw em`n-°mw. Bh-iy-Øn\v ]W-

ap-≠m-°m≥ At±lw efn-X-amb Nne kºm-Z-\-am¿K-ßƒ kzoI-cn-®p.

blq-Z¿°v G‰hpw ]nb-s∏´ hkvXp-hmWv Nμ-\-Øn-cn. At±lw

AXns‚ \n¿amWw ]Tn-®p. ]tXyI em_-fp-≠m°n AXv hn¬∏\ \S-

Øn. Bh-iy-Øn\v ]Ww e`n®p XpS-ßn. ]Xhm-b\ B hnZym¿∞n°v

Hgn-®p IqSmØ Zn\-N-cy-bm-bn-cp∂p. cmXn-bmWv ]X-ßƒ hmßp-I.

ImcWw cmhnse _m°n hcp∂ ]X-ßƒ cmXn Npcp-ßnb hne°v

In´pw. hmb\ A_p- -_m-ln\v F∂pw £Ww t]mse Pohn-X-Øns‚

A`n-hm-Py-L-S-I-am-bn-cp-∂p.

dioZv cnZm-bp-ambn G‰p-apń

A¬ Akvl-dn¬ Ign®p Iqńb h¿j-ß-f-Xbpw At±lw Ne-\m-

24


flI PohnXw \bn-®p. X^vko-dp¬ a\m¿ F∂ temI-]-kn-≤-amb Jp¿-

B≥ hymJym\ KŸ-Øns‚ I¿Øm-hv, A¬a-\m¿ Ad_n amkn-I-

bpsS ]Xm-[n-]¿, Adn-b-s∏´ Ad_n Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥, ap^vXn, ]cn-

jvI¿Ømhv F∂o \ne-s°√mw ]kn-≤-\mb kønZv apl-ΩZv dioZv

cnZm (1865˛1935) bpambn At±lw G‰p-ap- nb Hcp kμ¿ -ap-≠m-bn. kpDu-

Zn-Iƒ lnPmkv Iog-S-°nb tijw hnhn[ cmjvS-ß-fnse apkvenw t\Xm-

°-sfbpw ]fin-X-∑m-scbpw hnfn®p tN¿Øv Hcp ktΩ-f\w kwL-Sn-

∏n®p hnhn[ hnj-b-ßƒ N¿® sNbvXp. C¥y-bn¬ \n∂v auem\m

apl-Ω-Z-enbpw (1878-˛1931) CuPn-]vXn¬ \n∂v kønZv dioZv cnZm-bp-amWv

]s¶-Sp-Ø-Xv. kpDu-Zn-bnse `c-W-Iaw Fß-s\-bm-bn-cn-t°-W-sa∂

N¿® h∂-t∏mƒ auem\m apl-Ω-Zen P\m-[n-]Xyw thW-sa∂v hmZn-

®p. kpDuZn cmPm-hns‚ apºn¬ Cßs\ ]d-™Xv dioZv cnZmsb sNmSn-

∏n-®p.

""Xm¶ƒ F¥vsIm≠v cmPm-hns\ `b-s∏-Sp-∂n√?'' F∂ dioZv cnZm-

bpsS tNmZy-Øn\v auem\m \¬Inb ad-p]Sn Cu Jp¿-B≥ hmIyw

(3:97) Bbn-cp∂p: ""B¿ AhnsS (a-°-bnse A\p-Kr-loX h-\w) ]th-

in®pthm Ah≥ \n¿`-b-\m-Wv.'' ktΩ-f\w Ign™v CuPn-]vXn¬ Xncn-

s®-Ønb DSs\ auem-\sb hna¿in®p sIm≠v dioZv cnZm ]X-ß-fn¬

Fgp-Xn.

auem\m apl-Ω-Z-en-tbm-sSm∏w

auem\m apl-Ω-Zen IÆv Hm∏-td-j\p th≠n bqtdm-∏n-te°v t]mIp-

tºmƒ CuPn-]vXn¬ Cd-ßn. PwCøØp»p-∫m≥ F∂ bph-P\ kwL-

S\ At±-l-Øn\v Kwò-c-amb kzoI-cWw \¬In. CXn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®v

tN¿∂ tbmK-Øn¬ kpDuZn ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ Xm≥ FSpØ \ne-]mSv

\ymbo-I-cn®p sIm≠v At±lw kwkm-cn-®p. ASpØ Znhkw Xs∂

dioZv cnZm CuPn-]vXnse ]kn-≤-amb A¬ Alvdmw ]-X-Øn¬ auem-

\sb cq£-ambn hna¿in-®p-sIm≠v kpZo¿L-amb Hcp teJ-\-sa-gp-Xn.

C¥y-bn¬ _nó-jp-Im¿s°-Xn-cn¬ \S-°p∂ kzmX-¥y-k-a-c-sØbpw

At±lw A]-e -]n®p CXv hmbn -® -t∏mƒ A_p- -_m -lns‚

tZiobt_m[w Xnf®p adn™p Xm≥ shdp-samcp hnZym¿∞n; dioZv

cnZm temI-saßpw Adn -b-s∏-Sp∂ alm-\mb ]fin-X≥˛ Cu

sNdp∏hen∏w ]cn-K-Wn-°msX CuPn-]vXnse "AIv_m-dp¬ buw' Zn\-

]-X-Øn¬ \mep e°-ß-fn-embn At±lw Hcp \o≠ teJ-\-sa-gp-Xn.

dioZv cnZm-bpsS _nójv A\p-Iqe \ne-]mSv ]e kw`-h-ßfpw

FSpØp≤cn®v At±lw Xpd∂pImń. CuPn-]vXnse Xe-ap-Xn¿∂ ]fin-

Xs\ A¬ Akvl-dnse Hcp hnZym¿∞n FXn¿°pI alm-kw-`-h-am-bn-

cp-∂p.

25


A¬ Akvl-dn¬ A_p- -_mlv hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°pw A[ym-]-

I¿°psa√mw kp]-cn-Nn-X\pw ]nb-¶-c-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. A[ym-]-I-cpsS hoSp-

Iƒ kμ¿in®v ]tXyI hnj-b-ßƒ N¿® sNøpI At±-l-Øns‚

kº-Zm-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-cpsS ]nb-s∏´ hnZym¿∞nsb "b _v\o'

(Fs‚ aI-t\) F∂mWv Ah¿ A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv. ]n∂oSv

A¬ Akvl¿ ta[m-hn-bmbn Ah-tcm-[n-X-\m-b, ]ptcm-K-a-\m-i-b-ß-fpsS

h‡m-hmb AlvaZv i¬ XqXp-ambn At±-l-Øn\v ]tXyI _‘-am-

Wp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.

A¬ Akvl¿ hn´v C¥y-bn-te°v

A∂sØ CuPn-]vjy≥ `c-Wm-[n-Imcn ^pBZv cmPmhv A¬

Akvl¿ kμ¿in-°p-tºmƒ ]e-t∏mgpw hnZym¿∞n-Isf ]Xn-\n-[o-I-

cn®v At±-l-amWv A\p-tam-Z\ ]kwKw \S-Øm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. C¥y-

bn¬ \n∂v hcp∂ AXn-Yn-Iƒ°v kzoI-cWw \¬Ip-∂-Xnepw At±lw

t\XrXzw hln-°pw. ]kn≤ Ihn A√ma CJv_m-ens\ ]cn-N-b-s∏-´Xv

A¬ Akvl-dn¬ sh®mWv. At±lw e-kvXo≥ ktΩ-f-\-Øn\v t]mIp-

tºm-gm-bn-cp∂p IqSn-°m-gvN. Ipd®p Znh-k-ßƒ CJv_mepsam∂n®p

Ign®p Iq´m\pw Ah-kcw e`n-®p.

]Øp h¿jsØ kw`h _lp-e-amb A¬ Akvl¿ PohnXw Ah-

km-\n-°p-I-bm-Wv. apkvenw \thm-∞m\ Nn¥-bpsS ]`htIμ-am-bn-cp∂p

A∂v A¬ Akvl¿. hnπ-hm-i-b-ß-fpsS h‡mhpw ap^vXn-bp-am-bn-cp∂

apl-ΩZv A_vZp A¬ Akvl-dn¬ A[ym-]-I-\m-bn-cns° AhnsS hnX-

dnb \qX\ Nn¥-bpsS kv^pc-W-ßƒ hnZym¿∞n-I-fnepw A[ym-]-I-

cnepw `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fnepsa√mw Hcp ]pØ-\p-W¿hv krjvSn®ncp∂p.

A\p-Zn\w hf-cp∂ Ime-Øns‚ XpSn-∏p-Iƒ a\- n-em°n aXXXz-ßƒ°v

]p\¿hm-b\ \S-Øp∂ Hcp B[p-\nI ]fin-X≥ A_p- -_m-ln¬

hm¿sØ-Sp-°-s∏´p Ign-™n-cp-∂p.

A¬ Akvl-dnse tImgvkv Ah-km-\n®p Ign-™p. C\n F¥v? CuPn-

]vXn¬ Hcp h°o¬ tPmen-bmWv a\- n¬ BZy-ambn DZn®p h∂ Bi-

bw. ]t£, At∏m-tg°pw auem\m apl-Ω-Zen \¬Inb Hcp D]-tZiw

Hm¿a-bn¬ h∂p; ""ChnsS FXtbm ]fin-X-∑m-cp≠v. ]T\w Ign-™m¬

C¥y-bn-te°v Xncn®p t]mI-Ww. \nß-sf-t∏m-ep-≈-h-cpsS tkh-\-amWv

C¥y-°m-h-iyw.'' Xs‚ ZuXyw tPmen-b-√, tkh-\-amWv F∂ Nn¥

At±-l-Øn¬ i‡n-s∏-´p. A¬ Akvl-dnse ]fin-X-∑mcpw kl-]m-

Tn-Ifpw At±-l-Øn\v bmXbb∏v \¬In. ^e-kvXo\pw CdmJpw

Cdm\pw kμ¿in-®-tijw 1935-˛¬ _k-d-bn¬ \n∂v At±lw Idm-®n-bn-

te°v I∏¬ Ib-dn.

26


3.C¥y-bn¬ Np‰n-°-dßn

Im´nse Kpl-bn¬

]Øp-h¿jsØ hnZym¿∞n PohnXw Ah-km-\n®v tkh\ e£yw

ap∂n¬ I≠v P∑tZi-amb C¥y-bn-te°v Xncn® A_p- -_mlv Idm-

®n-bn¬ I∏-en-dßn AhnsS Ipd-®p-Imew Ign®p Iq´n. ]e Db¿∂ hy‡n-

I-fp-ambpw AhnsS kº¿°w ]pe¿Ønb tijw emtlm-dn-te°v t]mbn.

Ahn-SsØ lnam-b-Øp¬ Ckvemw tImtfPv At±-l-Øns‚ tkh\w

Bh-iy-s∏-´p. ASp°pw Nn´-bp-an-√mØ Hcp ÿm]\w. At±lw ]T-\-

I-a-Øn\v BsI Hcp am‰w hcp-Øn. F∂m¬ emtlm-dnse A¥-co£w

At±-l-Øn\v H´pw Xr]vXn-I-c-am-bn-√. Ahn-SsØ ZuXyw Ah-km-\n-∏n-

°m≥ At±lw Xocp-am-\n®p. F¶nepw CXn-\Iw ]e apkvenw t\Xm-

°-fp-ambpw At±-l-Øn\v kº¿°w ]pe¿Øm≥ Ah-kcw e`n®p Ign-

™n-cp-∂p.

_olm-dn¬

XpS¿∂v A_p- -_mlv _olm-dn-seØnbt∏mƒ Ahn-SsØ ]g°w

sN∂ Hcp tImtfPv At±-l-Øns‚ tkh\w D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Xocp-

am-\n-®p. ÿm]-\-Ønse Ad-_n-˛-CkvemanIv hIp-∏ns‚ Xe-h≥ F∂

DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw At±-lsØ G¬]n-®p. F∂m¬ tImtf-Pnse A[ym-]-

Isc√mw ]mbw sN∂-hcpw Zo¿L-Im-esØ k¿ho-kp-≈-h-cp-am-bn-cp-

∂p. Ah-cp-sS-sb√mw ta[m-hn-bmbn Hcp sNdp-∏-°m-cs\ \nb-an-®Xv ]Xn-

tj-[-Øn-\n-S-bm-°n. kam-[m\ t]an-bmb A_p- -_mlv ]iv\-ßƒ

krjvSn®v ÿm]-\sØ ]Xn-k-‘n-bn-em-°msX thKw cmPn-sh-s®m-gn-

™p.

I¬°-Ø-bn¬

]ns∂ At±lw FØn-®¿∂Xv I¬°-Ø-bn-em-Wv. BZy-ambn

27


auem\m Bkm-Zp-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-´p. Bkm-Zns‚ Jp¿-B≥ ]cn-`mj

tbmSv A_p- -_m-ln\v henb aXn-∏m-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp I®-h-S-°m-c-\m-bm¬

P\-ß-fp-ambn IqSp-X¬ kº¿°w ]pe¿Øm\pw AXn-eqsS tkh\

taJe IqSp-X¬ hnI-kn-∏n-°m\pw Ign-bptam F∂ Nn¥ At±-l-Øn¬

DS-se-Sp-Øp. ]co-£Ww F∂ \ne°v Idp-I-∏-´, Nmb-s∏m-Sn, ]pfn XpS-

ßn-bh hn¬°p-∂-Xn¬ G¿s∏-´p. ]t£, kXy-k-‘X ]pe¿Øn I®-

h-S-Øn¬ hnP-bn-°m≥ Ign-bn-s√∂v At±-l-Øn\v A\p-`-h-Øn-eqsS

t_m[y-am-bn. Fhn-sSbpw ambw tN¿Ø hkvXp-°ƒ. B DZyaw Dt]-

£n®v ]ns∂ aZm-kn-te-°v bmX Xncn-®p.

aZm-kn¬

aZm-kn¬ FØnb auehn BZyw sNbvXXv apl-Ω-Z≥ tImtf-Pn¬

s]m^-k-dm-bn-cp∂ ]Ya A¬ Akvl¿ _ncp-Z-[m-cn-bmb tIc-fob

]fin-X≥ A_vZp¬ JmZ¿ aue-hn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

XpS¿∂v aZmkv Pam-enb tImtf-Pns‚ ]n≥kn-∏¬ Bbn-cp∂ kønZv

A_vZp¬ hlm_v _pJm-cn kmln-_p-ambn kº¿°w ]pe¿Øn. A_p-

-_m-lns\ tImtf-Pn¬ A[ym]-I-\mbn \nb-an-°m≥ F√m-hcpw

Xm¬]cyw ImWn-®p. AhnsS A[ym-]\w wKn-bmbn \n¿h-ln®p sIm≠n-

cns° Hcp bmZr-—nI kw`-h-ap-≠mbn: Ahn-SsØ ][m-\m-≤ym-]-Is‚

hoSns‚ Ip‰nbSn-°¬ I¿a-Øn¬ a‰p A[ym-]-I-tcm-sSm∏w A_p- -

_mlpw ]s¶-Sp-Øp. aZm-kn¬ B I¿atØm-S-\p-_-‘n®v a™ƒ

sIm≠v Hcp a\p-jy-cq-]-ap-≠m°n Hcp Zo]-Øns‚ AI-º-Sn-tbmsS ]Z-

£nWw sh°p∂ Hcp NS-ßp-≠v.-A-‘-hn-izmkßf-psS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-

ep≈ in¿°v]c-amb Cu I¿a-Øn\p apºn¬ \ni-_vZ-\mbn-cn°m≥

Xn∑s°Xn-cn¬ Xoh-hn-Im-c-ap≈ [oc-\mb A_p- _m-ln\v Ign-™n-

√. sX‰v Bcv FhnsS sh®v sNøp-∂Xv I≠mepw AXns\ FXn¿t°-

≠Xv apkvenans‚ _m[y-X-bm-sW∂ hnizmkw CXns\Xncn¬ i_vZ-

ap-b¿Øm≥ B BZ¿i-hm-Znsb t]cn-∏n-®p. kZ- n¬ sh®v Xs∂

At±lw Xs‚ ]Xn-tj[w Adn-bn-®p. NSßv \S-°p-tºmƒ ]q¿W-amb

\n»-_vZX ]men-t°-W-sa-∂mWv N´w. ][m-\m-≤ym-]-I-\p-ambn hmt°-

‰-am-bn. A_p- -_mlv kZ v hn´v Cd-ßn-t∏m-bn.

A]-am-\n -X-\mb A[ym-]-Is‚ ]I A_p- -_m-ln-s\-Xnsc

]h¿Øn-°m≥ At±-lsØ t]cn-∏n-®p. A]-hm-Z-ßƒ ]d™p ]c-

Øn. B BZ¿i-imen tImtfPv hnSm≥ Xs∂ Xocp-am-\n-®p. tImtf-

Pns‚ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bmbncp∂ Pam¬ apl-ΩZv kmln-_n\v At±-l-

tØmSv ]tXyI Xm¬]-cy-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ tkh-\-tØmSv

BZ-c-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. At±-lsØ ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°m≥ \S-Ønb ia-ß-

sfm∂pw hnP-bn-®n-√.

28


_\n-b≥ Iº\nbn¬ sXm-gn-emfn

aZmkv hn´ auem\m I¬°-Ø-bn-seØn Ipd®v Znh-k-ßƒ AhnsS

Ign®p Iqń ho≠pw _olm-dn-te°v bmX-bm-bn. AhnsS Hcp _\n-b≥

Iº-\n-bn¬ \q¬ apdn-°p∂ tPmen-bn¬ G¿s∏-´p. Ahn-S∂v In´p∂

thX\w Xs‚ AXym-h-iy-ßƒ°v aXn-bmbncp∂p. ]Wn Ign™p Hgn-

hp≈ ka-b-ß-fn¬ sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ°v Jp¿-B≥ ¢ms -Sp°pw. Xs‚

bYm¿∞ ÿnXn-I-sfm∂pw Bscbpw ]d-™-dnbn®ncp-∂n-√. temI-

Ønse G‰hpw ]g-°-ap≈ k¿h-I-em-im-e-bn¬ \n∂v _ncp-Z-sa-SpØ

alm-]-fin-X-\mWv \q¬ apdn-°p∂ tPmen sNøp-∂-sX∂ cl-ky-

sam∂pw Bcpw Adn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. Hcn-°¬ Iº\n amt\-P¿ Ft¥m

]iv\-Øn¬ A_p- -_m-ln-t\mSv A[n-Im-c-kz-c-Øn¬ kwkm-cn-®p.

auem-\°v AXv H´pw ckn-®n-√. ""Xm¶ƒ sNbvXXv Ckveman\v hncp-≤-

amb \S-]-Sn-bmWv''˛ A_p- -_mlv H´pw b-s∏-SmsX Abm-fpsS apJØv

t\m°n ]d-™p. apX-em-fn-Ø-Øn\v hgßn Pohn-°m≥ At±lw CjvS-

s∏-ń-√. Cu ]pXnb sXmgn-emfn Bsc∂v apX-emfn At\z-jn-®-

dn™t∏mtg°pw Iº\n hnSm≥ At±lw Dd® Xocp-am-\-sa-SpØp Ign-

™n-cp-∂p.

Imń-te°v

A¬ Akvl-dnse hn⁄m\ temI-Ønse kz¿Kob hmkw Ah-

km-\n-∏n®v tkh-\-Øns‚ acp-∏® tXSn P∑\mń¬ FØn CXbpw

h¿jsØ A\p-`-h-ßƒ At±-l-Øns‚ a\- ns\ De-®p. GXv cwKØp

sN∂p t\m°n-bmepw sIm≈-cp-Xm-bva-Iƒ sImSn IpØn hmgp-∂p. aX-

kvYm-]-\-ßƒ°v t]mepw ]q¿W-ambpw ]cn-ip-≤X ]men-°m≥ Ign-bp-

∂n-√. ]Øp-h¿jw XnI®pw ssh⁄m-\n-I-amb A¥-co-£-Øn¬

Pohn® Hcp bphm-hn\v \mńse hnj-I-ep-jn-X-amb A¥co£-Øn¬

izmkwap´v A\p-`-h-s∏-SpI kzm`m-hn-Iw. A_p- -_m-lns‚ a\ v

kwL¿j-`-cn-X-am-bn. D≈nse ]ncn-ap-dp-°-Øn\v Abhv In´m\pw

]mXnIqey-ßsf XcWw sNøm-\p≈ IcpØv B¿Pn-°m\pw th≠n

\mń¬ \n∂v amdn Imń¬ GIm-¥-X-bn¬ Ipd-®p-Imew Ign®p Iqń-

bmtem F∂ Nn¥ At±-l-Øn¬ i‡n-s∏-´p. Xn_-Ønepw a‰p-ap≈

k\ym-kn-am-sc-∏‰n Ad_n KŸ-ßfn¬ At±lw [mcmfw hmbn-®n-cp-

∂p. Ah-km\w Cu Nn¥ Hcp Xocp-am\ambn amdn. _olm-dnse k\ym-

kn-am-cpsS kt¶-X-Øn-te°v Ibdn s®∂p. Imńepw \mń-ep-ambn Ipd-

®p-Imew Ign®p Iqń.

Kpl-bn¬ GIm-¥-\mbn

k\ym-kn-am-cn¬ \n∂v ssakq-cnse Hcp ]tXyI ae-sb-∏‰n tI´-dn-

29


™p. AXv ]pWy-ap≈ Hcp hninjvS ae-bm-sW-∂mWv Ah-cpsS hnizm-

kw. B ae kμ¿in-°m≥ At±-l-Øn¬ taml-ap-Zn-®p. A_p- -_mlv

_olm-dn¬ \n∂v ssakq-cn-seØn AhnsS Hcp apkvenw tlm´-en¬ Xma-

kn-®p. k\ym-kn-am-cpsS ]pWy-a-e-bpsS ÿm\w tNmZn-®-dn™p. hfsc

Db-c-Ønepw AI-e-Øn-ep-am-W-Xv. FØn-t®-cm≥ Hcp kmlkbmX

Xs∂ \S-Ø-Ww. Nne ae-hm-kn-I-fpsS klm-b-tØmsS Ip∂pw Ipgnbpw

ImSp-Ifpw Xm≠n ae-ap-I-fn-se-Øn. hnim-e-amb \nc∏v \ne-ßfpw Kpl-

Ifpw \nd™ Hcp henb ae. A_p- -_mlv Hcp Kpl sXc-s™-

SpØv AXn¬ Xma-k-am-°n. ae-bpsS ASn-`m-KØp IqsS Hcp tNme

Hgp-Ip-∂p-≠v. IpSn-°m\pw hpZp- F-Sp-°m-\p-sa√mw AXv D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-

Øn.

]⁄-b‰ A⁄mX a\p-jy≥

alm-\mb Hcp ]fin-X≥ ùXn-I-amb F√m kpJ-ku-I-cy-ßfpw

XyPn®v h\m-¥-c-Øn¬ Hcp Kpl-°p-≈n¬ GIm-¥-Nn-Ø-\mbn Ign-bp-

∂p. A‘-Imc \n_n-U-amb cmXn. h\y-ar-K-ß-fpsS `bm-\-I-amb

Ae¿® tIƒ°p-∂p. ]t£, A_p- -_mlv H∂pw Adn-bmsX GtXm

Hcmflob temIØv kpJ-kp-jp-]vXn-bn¬ e-bn®v Ign-bp∂p. CXv Bcpw

At±-l-Øn¬ ASn-t®¬]n-®-X-√. kzbw sXc-s™-SpØ am¿Kw. Iqc

P¥p-°ƒ sIme-hn-fn-bp-ambn ]e-t∏mgpw Kplm-ap-JØv h∂v FØn-t\m-

°m-dp-≠v. Nne-t∏mƒ I\Ø Hcm-I-a-W-Øn-\mbn apt∂m´v B™v IpXn-

°m-dp-≠v. F∂m¬ Kpl-°p-≈nse B a\p-jys‚ [oc-amb \n¬]v

I≠nt´m Ft¥m Ah ]n≥hm-ßp-I-bmWv ]Xn-hv. F∂m¬ Hcn-°¬

ac-W-Øns‚ hmbvØ-e-∏n¬ AI-s∏´v Ign™p F∂v Dd-∏n-°m≥

t]m∂ Hcp kw`-h-ap-≠m-bn. Iptd Znh-ksØ Kplm-hmkw ImcWw

£oWw _m[n® At±-lsØ tcmKw ]nSn-Iq-Sn. Bcpw Adn-bp-Itbm

ImWp-Itbm sNømØ Kplm-¥¿`m-Kw. klm-b-Øn\v Hcp a\p-jy-\p-

an-√. \S-°m≥ Xs∂ høm-Xm-bn. Duc-bn¬ Hcp Iºn-fn-Np‰n h\-Øn-

eqsS \ncßn \oßn-bmWv tNme-bn-se-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. ]t£, ]ns∂

AXn\pw høm-Xm-bn. tcmKw AX I≠v aq¿On-®p. i‡-amb ]\n. ]ns∂

F¥v kw`-hn®p F∂v At±-l-Øn-\-dn™p IqSm. Hm¿a Xncn®p In´p-

tºmƒ apl-ΩZv kp¬Øm≥ F∂ Hcm-fpsS hoń-emWv. ae-hm-kn-Iƒ°v

AßmSn km[-\-ßƒ hn¬°p∂ Hcp I®-h-S-°m-c-\mWv At±-lw. Imń-

\p-≈n¬ Hcp Kpl-°-IØv ]⁄-b-‰p InS°p∂ Hcp a\p-jys\ I≠-

t∏mƒ ae-hm-kn-Iƒ At±-lsØ Xmßn-sb-SpØv I®-h-S-°m-cs‚ ASp-

sØ-Øn-®-Xm-Wv.

apl-ΩZv kp¬Øms‚ hoń¬ tcmK-i-ø-bn¬ InS-°p∂ Cu

A⁄mX hy‡n B¿? P\-ßƒ Fs¥ms°tbm [cn-®p. A¤pX

30


kn≤n-I-fp≈ GtXm Znhy-\m-sW∂ hnizm-k-Øn¬ ]pWyw t\Sm\pw

tcmK hnap‡n tXSm\pw hcp-∂-h-cpsS ieyw Ak-l-\o-b-am-bn. hnP-\-

amb Hcp ÿe-tØ°v amdn Xma-kn-°m≥ A_p- -_mlv BKlw

]I-Sn-∏n-®p. ]e ÿe-ßfpw At\z-jn® apl-ΩZv kp¬Øm≥ HSp-hn¬

Kp≠¬ t]´ F∂ ÿeØv CSn™p s]mfn-™, P\-k-º¿°an√mØ

Hcp \a-kvIm-c-]≈n I≠p-]n-Sn-®p. ASp-sØm∂pw Bƒ Xma-k-an-√. Pn∂p-

I-fpsS kt¶-X-am-sW-∂mWv P\-hn-izm-kw. AhnsS Ib-dm≥ t]mepw

Bfp-Iƒ `b-°pw. A_p- -_m-ln\v ÿew \t∂ ]nSn-®p. ]mb-sIm≠v

Hcp ad-bp-≠m°n Xmakw Bcw- n-®p. AIØv I√p-Iƒ°n-S-bn-eqsS oIc

k¿∏-ßƒ Xe-bn´v t\m°p-∂p. ]t£ Cu `‡\v Hcp sR´-ep-ap-≠m-

bn-√.

Ip™m-en-°pń lmPn Is≠Øn

]≈n-bn-te°v \ne-°mØ P\-]-hmlw. tcmK-hn-ap‡n tXSp-∂-h¿;

Z¿i\w e`n®v kmbq-Py-a-S-bp-∂-h¿˛ Cßs\ ]e-cpw. apl-ΩZv

kp¬Øm≥ CS-°nsS h∂v kpJm-t\z-jWw \S-Øp-∂p. Hcn-°¬ Ip™m-

en-°pń lmPn Fs∂m-cmƒ°v ImWm≥ A\p-aXn \¬I-W-sa∂ apl-

ΩZv kp¬Øm≥ At]-£n-°p-∂p. ae-∏pdw Pn√-bnse B\-°bw kztZ-

in-bmb B I¿j-I\v AhnsS aebpw Irjn-bp-ap-≠v. \nc-¥-c-amb

kΩ¿ZsØ XpS¿∂v At±-l-Øn\v ImWm≥ A\p-aXn \¬In. XpS¿∂v

kμ¿i\ kμ¿`-ßƒ h¿[n-®p. Hcn-°¬ A_p- -_mlv \a-kvI-cn-°p-

tºm-gmWv lmPn-bpsS hc-hv. \a-kvIm-c-Ønse GIm-¥-X°v `wKw hcp-

Øp∂ F¥n-t\mSpw A_p- -_m-ln\v ISpØ hntcm-[-am-bn-cp∂p.

lmPn°v IW-°n\v iImcw Inń. B km[p a\p-jy≥ s]mń-°-c-™p.

CXv I≠-t∏mƒ A_p- -_m-lns‚ a\ v B¿Z-am-bn. Cu kw`hw

Ah¿ XΩn-ep≈ _‘-Øn\v ]pXn-sbmcp am\-ap-≠m-°n. lmPn At±-

l-Øns‚ hoSv kμ¿in-°m≥ CS-°nsS h∂v \n¿_-‘n®p sIm≠n-cp-

∂p. Hcn-°¬ At±-l-Øns‚ BKlw \nd-th-‰m-sa∂v hm°v sImSp-Øp.

h[- o-jWn

ssakq-cnse Xmakw aXn-bm°n ho≠pw Idm-®n-bn-te°v t]mbn.

AhnsS Hcp Jp¿-B≥ ¢m v Bcw-`n-®p. AXns\ XpS¿∂v At±-l-Øn\v

Hcp sIme-]m-XI òj-Wn-bp-≠m-bn. Jp¿-B-\nse ]e `mK-ßfpw

hymJym-\n®v _Z¿ bp≤sØ kw_-‘n® hmIy-ßƒ hsc-sb-Øn. _Z-

dn¬ Cd-ßnb ae-°p-Iƒ kw_-‘n®v km[m-cW tIƒ°m-dp≈ hymJym-

\-Øn¬ \n∂v hyXy-kvX-amb Hcm-ibw At±lw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p. A‘-

hn-izmknIfpw bmYm-ÿn-I-cp-am-bn-cp∂ Ahn-SsØ apkvenwIƒ°v CXv

Zln-®n-√. Ah¿ tcmjm-Ip-e-cm-bn. A_p- -_mlv ]pcm-X\ Jp¿-B≥

31


hymJym\ KŸ-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Xs‚ hmZ-KXnIƒ°v Dt]m¬_-e-I-amb

sXfn-hp-Iƒ \nc-Øn. ]t£, CXv sIms≠m∂pw ê-ap-≠m-bn-√. At±-

lsØ h[n-°m-\p≈ Xocp-am-\-Øn¬ Ah¿ Dd-®p-\n-∂p. ImcWw Ah-

cpsS ZrjvSn-bn¬ Cu hymJym\w hen-sbmcp ]mXIam-bn-cp-∂p. tdmUv

h°n¬ ]oSnI apdn-bn-emWv At±-l-Øns‚ Xma-kw. h[n-°m≥ Xocp-

am-\n®v P\w XSn®p IqSn. A_p- -_mlv Dd® `mj-bn¬ Ah-cp-ambn

Hcp hmKzmZw \SØn C]-Imcw ]Jym-]\w \S-Øn. ""sIm-t∂mfq Fs∂''

CXpw ]d™p apdn-bn¬ \n∂v Xe ]pdtØ°n´p. P\-ß-fpsS D≈n¬

Ft¥m Hcp òXn IS∂p IqSn. Ah¿ ]n≥hmßn. ]ns∂ t]meokv

Ahsc AdÃv sNbvXp.

ae-∏p-dØv ]Xy-£-s∏´p

Idm-®n-bn¬ \n∂v t_mws_-bn-te-°mWv bmX Xncn-®-Xv. CuPn-]vXn¬

sh®v ]cn-N-b-s∏´ A_vZp- -aZv aue-hnsb kμ¿in® tijw ae-_m-dn-

te°v Xncn-®p. Ip™m-en-°pń lmPn°v At±-l-Øns‚ hkXn kμ¿in-

°m-sa∂v hm°v sImSp-Ø-Xm-W-t√m. AXv ]men-°m≥ ]¥-eq-cn-seØn

AhnsS \n∂v At±-l-Øns‚ P∑-ÿ-e-amb ae-∏p-d-Øn-\-SpØv B\-

°-bØv h∂p. ]nt‰∂v Xs∂ Xncn®p t]mIm-\m-bn-cp∂p Xocp-am-\-sa-

¶nepw lmPn-bpsS \n¿_-‘-]-Imcw Ipd®v Znhkw IqSn Xma-kn-®p.

X\n°v hnP-\-amb Hcp ÿeØv Xma-kn-°-W-sa∂ Bhiyw A_p- -

_mlv Bh¿Øn-®p. BƒXma-k-an-√m-ØXpw ]m¿°m≥ sIm≈m-

ØsX∂v hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp∂Xpamb Hcp hoSv lmPn ImWn®p sImSp-

Øp. auem-\°v AXv CjvS-am-bn. 1941-˛¬ At±lw AhnsS Xmakw

Bcw-`n-®p.

32


4.hnZym-Zo-]-hp-ambn ae-∏pdw aÆn¬

"B\-°-bØv Hcp A⁄m-X-hy‡n ]Xy-£-s∏-ń-´p≠v'˛\mń-emsI

ipXn-bm-bn. P\-ßƒ Ah-cpsS `mh-\-bvs°mØv Ducpw t]cpw \¬In

hy‡n\n¿Wbw \S-Øn. c≠mw temI-a-lm-bp≤w \S-°p∂ Ime-am-bn-

cp-∂p. P¿a≥ Nmc-\m-sW∂v Hcp hn`mKw Xd-∏n®v ]d™p. A√, IrXna

s]m∂p -≠m-°p∂ ]p≈n -bm -sW-∂mbn as‰mcp hn`m -K -Øns‚

I≠p]nSpØw. Ft¥m Akm-[m-cW Ignhp-I-fp≈ Hcp "Huenbm'

BsW-∂mbn aq∂m-a-sXmcp Iq´¿. tIc-f-Ønse Nne aX-]-fin-X-∑m¿

At±-lsØ kao-]n®p Nne tNmZy-ßƒ D∂-bn-®p. ]kn≤ Ad_n

kmln-Xy-Im-c-\m-bn-cp∂ tUm.-Xzm-lm-lp-ssk-s\-∏-‰n-bp≈ A`n-]m-b-am-

cm-™p. Xzml-bpsS Ign-hp-I-sfbpw ]i-kvXn-sbbpw AwKo-I-cn-°p∂

]cm-a¿iw \S-Øn-b-tXmsS ]fin-X-∑m-cpsS ZrjvSn-bn¬ At±lw \nco-

iz-c-hm-Zn-bm-bn. A_p- -_mlv k¿°m-dns‚ t\m´-∏p-≈n-bm-bn. t]meo-

kp-tZym-K-ÿ-∑m-cpsS \nc¥-c-amb At\z-j-Whpw tNmZyw sNø-epw.

hoSpw km[\ kma-Kn-Ifpw kq£va-amb ]cn-tim-[-\°v hnt[-b-am-°n.

]t£, Nne Dul-ß-f-√msX Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm≥ DX-Ip∂ Hcp tcJbpw

Is≠-Sp-°m≥ Ign-™n-√. A_p- -_mlv Xs‚ Pohn-X-IY Ah-tcmSv

Xpd∂p ]d-™-Xp-an-√. Ah-km-\-ambn At\z-jWw \S-Ønb t]meokv

]m¿ń-bpsS Xe-h≥ Hcp Aapkvenw Bbn-cp-∂p. At±lw Xs‚ apgp-

h≥ Ignhpw ka-bhpw D]-tbm-Kn®v tNmZyw sNøepw ]cn-tim-[-\bpw

\S-Øn. Zpcq-lX \o°m-hp∂ Hcp sXfnhpw e`n-®n-√. auem-\-bm-Is´

a\ v Xpd-∂-Xp-an-√. Ah-km\w t]meokv ta[mhn IqsS-bp-≈-h-sc-

sb√mw ]pd-tØ°v am‰n A_p- -_m-ln-t\mSv Cßs\ ]d™p: ""Rm≥

t]mbmepw Cu At\z-jWw XpScpw AXn-\m¬ bYm¿∞ \ne Ft∂mSv

Xpd∂p ]d-bWw''˛ CXv A[n-Im-c-Øns‚ kzcambncp-∂n-√. kulrZ

`mh-Øn-ep≈ Hcp bmN-\-bm-bn-cp-∂p. CXn\v A_p- -_mlv Cßs\

]Xn-I-cn-®p. ""Fs∂-∏‰n IqSp-X¬ Adn-bm≥ aZmkv apl-Ω-Z≥ tImtfPv

33


]n≥kn-∏mƒ tUm.-A-_vZp¬ lJv, Pam-enb tImtfPv ]n≥kn-∏m-ƒ

auem\m A_vZp¬ hlm_v _pJm-cn, kønZv aplvb±o≥jm F∂n-h-

tcmSv At\z-jn-®m¬ aXn.'' Cu At\z-jWw ]q¿Øn-bm-b-tXmsS sX‰n-

≤m-c-W-I-fpw kwi-b-ßfpw \oßn. t]meokv ]cn-tim-[-\bpw \ne-®p.

B\-°m-bsØ Huenbm

F∂m¬ HutZym-KnI Xe-Øn-ep≈ At\z-jWw \ne-®p-sh-¶nepw

s]mXp-P-\-ß-fn¬ Ft¥m Znhy-i-‡n-bp≈ Hcp kn≤-\m-sW∂ [mc-

W°v am‰-ap-≠m-bn-√. tcmK-i-a-\hpw a\x-im-¥nbpw tXSn-sb-Øp-∂-h¿

h¿[n-®p. AtXm-sSm∏w Hcp alm-]-WvUn-X≥ F∂ \ne°v At±-lsØ

ImWm\pw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm\pw kμ¿i\w \S-Øp∂ ]apJ hy‡n-I-fp-

ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. skbvXv aplvb±o≥ jmbpw kn.-F≥.-AlvaZv auehnbpw

ae-∏pdw Kh.-ssl-kvIq-fn¬ A[ym-]-I-cm-bn-cn-°p-tºm-gmWv Ipń-I-fn¬

\n∂v B\-°-bØv Xma-k-am-°nb "Huenbm' sb∏‰n Adn-bp-∂-Xv.

t\csØ aZm-kn¬ \n∂v s]m^.-A-_vZp¬ JmZ¿ auehn A_p- -

_mlv ae-_m-dn¬ Fhn-sS-bm-sW∂v I≠p-]n-Sn-°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-ń-cp-

∂p. Cu c≠p-t]cpw A_p- -_m-lns\ H∂n-e-[nIw XhW kμ¿in-

®p.

Cßs\ ]pdw temI-hp-ambn A[nIw _‘-sam-∂p-an-√msX A_p-

-_mlv Hcp h¿jw Ign®p Iqń. CS°v Nne kμ¿i-I-∑m¿°v At±lw

A\p-aXn \¬Ipw. F∂m¬ CXn-\Iw Xs‚ Pohn-X-ZuXyw \n¿h-ln-

°m-\p≈ ]mX-bn-te°v \oßm≥ At±lØns‚ a\ v ]mI-s∏-ń-cp-∂p.

tIc-f-Ønse apkvenwIƒ°v A¬ Akvl-dns‚ apJ-ap≈ aX-hn-Zym-

`ymkw A\n-hm-cy-am-sW∂ Nn¥ At±-l-Øns‚ D≈n¬ i‡n-s∏-´p.

Xs∂ kμ¿in-°m-s\-Øp∂ ]apJ hy‡n-I-fpsS apºn¬ At±lw

Cu Bibw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p. X\n°v BXnYyw \¬Inb Ip™m-en-°pń

lmPn Cu Bi-bsØ k¿hm-fl\m kzmKXw sNbvXp. Ad-_n-˛-a-X-hn-

Zym-`ymkw ]≈n Z¿kp-I-fn¬ \n∂v Ic-ÿ-am°n D∂X ]T\w BK-

ln-°p∂ \n›nX tbmKy-X-bp≈ Bdv hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v ]th-i\w

\¬Im-\mWv Xocp-am-\n-®-Xv. £-Whpw Xma-khpw kuP-\y-ambn \¬Im-

\p≈ k∂-≤X Ip™m-en-°pń lmPn ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

hnZym¿∞n-Isf skeIvSv sNøm≥ skbvXv aplvb±o≥ jm, kn.-F≥.

AlvaZv auehn, ê°n apl-ΩZv auehn F∂o aq∂v t]sc Npa-X-e-

s∏-Sp-Øn.

Ad_n tImtfPv XpS-ßp∂p

1942 P\p-hcn 5˛mw XnøXn tIc-f-Ønse hn⁄m\ NI-hmfw ]pXn-

sbmcp kqtcym-Z-b-Øn\v km£yw hln®p "hn⁄m-\-∏q-¶m-h\w'

34


F∂¿∞-ap≈ duk-Øp¬ Deqw F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp Ad-_n-tIm-tf-Pn\v

XpS°w Ipdn -°-s∏-´p. Ip™m-en-°pń lmPn-bpsS hk-Xn-bn¬

Xs∂bmbn-cp∂p ¢m pw hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS Xma-k-hp-sa-√mw. ]n∂oSv

aX-cw-KØv ]kn-≤-cm-bn-Øo¿∂ kn.-]n.-A-_q-_-°¿ aue-hn, FS-hÆ

F.-A-ehn auehn XpS-ßn-b-h¿ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p H∂m-asØ

_m®v. ip≤amb Ad-_n-bn¬ amX-am-bn-cp∂p auem-\-bpsS ¢m v. kne-

_kpw ]ncn-tb-Up-sa√mw Iao-I-cn-®n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ GtXm A]-I-S-

Im-cn-bmWv Cu auehn F∂ [mcW sh®p ]pe¿Øp∂ Nnecpw \mń-

ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ ¢m n¬ h∂n-cp∂v auehn ]d-bp-∂Xv i≤n-°m≥

Xp\n-™p. ]t£ A_p- -_mlv AXv A\p-h-Zn-®n-√. Jp¿-B≥ hpZp

C√msX sXmSp∂p F∂mbn ]ns∂ Btcm-]-Ww. hnNm-c-W°v hnt[-b-

am-b-t∏mƒ Ipń-Iƒ sXmSp-∂-Xmbn Ah¿ I≠Xv Jp¿-B≥ A√, Ad_n

UnIvjWdn-bmWv!

Hcp kμ¿i-Is‚ A\p-`hw

Cu \hmKX-\mb ]fin-Xs\ kμ¿in-°m≥ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬

\n∂v ]apJ hy‡n-Iƒ B\-°-b-tØ°v hcn-I-bm-bn. tImgn-t°mSv \n∂v

At±-lsØ kμ¿in-°m-s\-Ønb Fw.-Ip-t™mbn sshZy¿ At±-l-

Øns‚ A\p-`hw Cßs\ hnh-cn-°p-∂p:

""Hcp kplrØv "\a-kv°mcw' F∂ Hcp ]pkvXIw F\n°v kΩm-

\n-®p. AXv hmbn-®-t∏mƒ hfsc BI¿j-I-ambn tXm∂n. KŸ-I¿Øm-

hns‚ t]cv t\m°n˛ A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen. Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚

Ipd®p tIm∏n-Iƒ Ab®p Xcm\pw Cs√-¶n¬ Bbncw tIm∏n Fs‚

kz¥w sNe-hn¬ A®-Sn®p hnX-cWw sNøm≥ A\p-h-Zn-°-W-sa∂pw

Bh-iy-s∏´v Rm≥ At±-l-Øn\v IsØ-gp-Xn. tIm∏n-Iƒ Xo¿∂-t]m-

sb∂pw kuP-\y-ambn hnX-cWw sNtø-W-sa∂ \n_-‘-\-bn¬ Bbncw

tIm∏n ASn-°m≥ A\p-aXn \¬Ip-∂p-sh∂pw Adn-bn®p sIm≠p≈

adp-]Sn Inń. Rm≥ A]Imcw sNbvXp.''

XpS¿∂v At±-lsØ kμ¿in® cwKw Cßs\ hnh-cn-°p∂p: ""Fs∂

I≠ amX-bn¬ At±lw Fgp-t∂‰p h∂v Fs∂ BZ-cn-®n-cp-Øn. Rm≥

hfsc \n m-c-\mb a\p-jy≥. km[m-c-W-a-X-]-fin-X-∑m-cn¬ ImWmØ

kz`m-hw. Rßƒ Zo\n Bb ]e Imcy-ßfpw kwkm-cn-®p. Fs∂ BZ-

c-thmsS k¬°-cn-®p. sXm´´pØ apdn-bn-emWv Rm≥ cmXn InS-∂-Xv.

Dd°w hcp-∂n-√. ASpØ apdn-bn¬ \n∂v Jp¿-B≥ ]mcm-b-W-Øn-s‚bpw

\a-kvIm-c-Øn-s‚bpw i_vZw. IqsS Ic-®n-epw. hfsc sshIn Rm≥ Dd-

ßn. t\cw ]pe¿∂-X-dn-™n-√. Im¬ s]cp-am‰w tI´p DW¿∂p. kp_vlv

"JZm' BIm≥ C\n 15 an\p´v amXw _m°n-bp-≈p. At±lw Fs∂

DW¿Øn. F\n°v th≠n Xøm-dm-°nb NqSp-sh-≈-Øn¬ thKw hpZp

35


sNbvXv \a-kvI-cn-®p... Cu a\p-jy≥ \nco-iz-c-hm-Zn-bm-sW∂v ]-N-cn-∏n®

]fin-X-∑m-sc-∏‰n F\n°v B›cyw tXm∂n.'' A_p- -_m-lns‚

BZ¿i hnip≤n t\cn´v I≠dn™ Cu hy‡n ]ns∂ At±-lsØ

\ng¬ t]mse ]n¥p-S¿∂p. F√m ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw klm-bn-®p. At±-

l-Øns‚ kvYm]-\-Øns‚ s\Spw XqWmbn amdn.

ssltZmkv h°o¬

tImgn-t°ms´ ]apJ A`n-`m-j-I≥, apkvenw eoKv Sn°-‰n¬ hnP-

bn® aZmkv \nbak`mw-Kw, tImgn-t°mSv ap≥kn-∏¬ Iu¨kn¬ saº¿

F∂o \ne-s°√mw ]kn-≤-\mb AUz.-Fw.-hn.-ssl-tZmkv A_p- -_m-

lp-ambn _‘-s∏-´-Xns‚ NcnXw Cßs\: ""1945 se tImgn-t°mSv lnam-

b-Øp¬ Ckvemw kvIqfns‚ hm¿jnI tbmK-Øn¬ A_p- -_mlv

AlvaZv Aen kmln_v B≤y£w hln-°p-sa∂v ImWn-°p∂ £W-

°Øv F\n°v In´n-b-t∏mƒ B Ah-kcw Rm≥ ]mgm-°n-bn-√. Xp¿°n

sXm∏nbpw ss]Pm-abpw j¿hm-Wnbpw [cn® sNdnb XmSn-bp≈ Hcp

sIm®p a\p-jy-\p-am-bmWv Rm≥ A∂v ]cn-N-b-s∏-´-Xv. kz¬]-t\-csØ

kwkm-chpw s]cp-am-‰hpw Zo¿L-Im-e-tØ-°p≈ _‘-Øn\v hgn sXfn-

bn®p ASpØ Znh-kw, Rmb-dmgvN Rm≥ At±-lsØ kμ¿in-°m-

sa∂v hm°v sImSp-Øp.

auehn kmln-_ns‚ ]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw hnZym-`ymk X¬]-c-Xbpw

A∂sØ aX-]-fin-X-∑m-cn¬ \n∂v hyXy-kvX-\mb hy‡n-bmbn At±-

lsØ ImWm≥ Fs∂ t]cn-∏n-®p. A\m-h-iy-amb X¿°-ß-fn¬

kabw ]mgm-°msX krjvSn-]-c-ambn At±lw Bin® ]cn]mSn-I-fn¬

Hcp sNdnb ]¶v hln-°m-sa∂v Rm\pw G‰p.''

tImtfPv at©-cn-bn-te°v

B\-°-bØv XpS-ßnb Ad-_n-t°m-tf-Pn¬ hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS FÆw

h¿[n-®p. kuI-cy-ß-fpsS A]-cym-]vX-X-Im-cWw hn]p-eo-I-cWw e£yw

sh®v tImtfPv A[nIw Zqscb√mØ at©-cn-bn-te°v am‰m≥ Xocp-am-

\n-®p. InfnbaÆn¬ DÆo≥ kmln-_ns‚ Iqen°v hmßnb Hcp sI´n-S-

Øn¬ 1944-˛¬ ¢m v Bcw-`n-®p. B h¿jw aZmkv bq\n-th-gvkn-‰n-bn¬

hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ A^vk-ep¬ Deam ]co-£-s°-gp-Xp-Ibpw F√m-hcpw

]m m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. 1945-˛¬ aZmkv bq\n-th-gvkn‰n IΩo-j-W-dmbn

\nb-an® tUm.-A-_vZp¬ lJv tImtfPv ]cn-tim-[n®v dnt∏m¿´v \¬In-b-

Xns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ tImtf-Pn\v A^n-en-tb-j≥ e`n-®p. CtXmsS

tIc-f-Øn¬ bq\n-th-gvkn‰n AwKo-Im-c-ap≈ BZysØ Ad-_n-t°m-tfPv

F∂ Ncn-X-]-c-amb ]Z-hn-bn-te°v duk-Øp¬ Depw Ad-_n-t°m-tfPv

Db¿∂p. 1946 P\p-hcn Bdmw XnøXn sI.-Fw.-koXn kmln-_ns‚ A≤y-

36


£-X-bn¬ tImtf-Pns‚ hm¿jnIw kap-Nn-X-ambn BtLm-jn-°-s∏-´p.

Ahn-`‡ C¥y-bnse apkvenw eoKv t\Xmhpw ap≥ ]mIv ][m\ a¥n-

bp-am-bn-cp∂ enbm-JØv Aen-Jm≥ ae-_m¿ ]cy-S-\-Øn-\n-S-bn¬

tImtfPv kμ¿in-®Xv tImtf-Pn\v henb ]i-kvXnbpw AwKo-Im-chpw

t\Sn-s°m-SpØp.

duk-Øp¬ Deqw Atkm-kn-tb-j≥

Ip™m-en-°p´n lmPn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ Hcp sNdnb IΩ-‰n-

bmWv CXv hsc tImtf-Pns‚ Imcy-ßƒ \n¿h-ln®p t]m∂n-cp-∂-Xv.

F∂m¬ tImtf-Pns‚ hn]p-eo-I-cWw A\n-hm-cy-ambn h∂-Xn-\m¬ tIc-

f-Ønse ]apJ hy‡n-Iƒ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Hcp henb IΩ‰n cq]o-I-cn-

°-W-sa∂ Nn¥ i‡-am-bn. 1946 P\p-hcn 6\v auehn A_p- -_m-

lns‚ A≤y-£-X-bn¬ tN¿∂ tbmKw At±lw ]-kn-U≠pw AUz.-

Fw.-hn.-ssl-tZmkv skI-´-dn-bpw Fw.-Ip-t™mbn sshZy¿, sI.-hn.-tN-

°p´n lmPn F∂n-h¿ Akn.-sk-I- -dn-am-cpw sI.-Fw.-ko-Xn-km-ln-_v, sI.-

Fw.-au-e-hn, lmPnA_vZp- -Øm¿ lmPn CkvlmJv tk´v, F.-A-_vZpƒ

JmZ¿ lmPn (cm-P), ]p\-Øn¬ A_q-_-°¿ kmln-_v, Fkv.-Fw.-

skbvXv apl-ΩZv kmln_v F∂n-h¿ saº¿am-cp-ambn duk-Øp¬ Depw

Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ F∂ t]cn¬ IΩ‰n cq]o-I-cn-®p. 1946 sabv 28\v

skmssk-‰okv BIvSv ]Imcw Atkm-kn-tbj≥ cPn-kvX¿ sNø-s∏´p.

37


5.Sn∏p-hns‚ ^mdq-Jm-_m-Zn¬

hn⁄m\ ]q¶m-h\w

tIc-f-Øn¬ Hcp an\n Akvl¿ F∂ kz]v\w hnZym-`ymkt]an-

bmb A_p- -_m-lns‚ a\- n¬ \msº-Sp-°pI kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv.

]t£, at©-cn-bnse Cu sIm®p sIń-S-Øn¬ Ad-_n-t°m-tfPv

]h¿Øn-°p-t∂-S-tØmfw Imew AXns‚ hnIk-\-tam IqSp-X¬ hnZym-

`ymk ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS \n¿amWtam Hcn-°epw km[y-am-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n-

√. IqSp-X¬ hnim-e-amb Hcp ÿe-tØ°v tImtfPv am‰pI F∂ Nn¥

At±-lsØ Ae-ń-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. ]‰nb ÿew Is≠-Øm≥ AUz.-

Fw.-hn. ssltZmkv, Fw.-Ip-t™mbn sshZy¿ F∂n-hsc Npa-X-e-s∏-Sp-

Øn. Gd-\m-ń¬ Xs∂ tImgn-t°m-Sns‚ ]cn-k-cØv dbn¬th kuI-cy-

ap≈ ÿe-am-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂ Xs‚ BK-lhpw At±lw ]I-Sn-∏n-®p.

\ntbm-Kn-°-s∏´ c≠p t]cpw ]e ÿe-ßfpw At\z-jn-s®-¶nepw

Is≠Øm≥ Ign-™n√. A_p- -_m-ln-\m-Is´ Dd-°nepw DW¿®-bn-

ep-sa√mw Cu Nn¥ Xs∂. Hcn-°¬ At±lw hnZym¿∞n-I-tfmSv ¢mkn-

\n-S-bn¬ tNmZn-®p. ""tIc-f-Øn¬ Hcp apkvenw Jeo-^-bpsS t]cp≈

ÿe-taXv?'' B¿°pw DØcw ]d-bm≥ Ign-™n-√. Ah-km\w DØcw

At±lw Xs∂ hy‡-am°n ""^mdqJv!''

aΩnfn tZiw ^mdqJv B°nb Sn∏p

^tdm-°ns‚ NcnXw Cßs\: Cu ]tZ-i-Øns‚ ]≠sØ t]cv

aΩnfn tZiw F∂m-bn-cp∂p Nmen-bm-dns‚ XocØv A]-i-kvX-amb Cu

]tZ-iØv Irjnbpw Imen hf¿Ø-ep-ambn Ign-™n-cp∂ Hcp hn`mKw

Bf-pI-fmWv Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. \mSphmgn-I-fmb aq Xvamcm-bn-cp∂p

`cWw \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Sn∏p kp¬Øms‚ BK-a-\-Øn\v apºv ChnsS

apkvenwIƒ D≈-Xmbn Adn-hn-√. At±lw h∂-tXmsS ]pcm-X\hmkn-

I-fmb ]qtX-cn-I-f-S°w C√-ß-fn-ep-≈-h¿ A\y-tZ-i-ß-fn-te°v IpSn-

38


tb-dn-∏m¿Øp F∂mWv A\p-am-\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Sn∏p aΩnfn tZi-tØ°v

h∂Xv ae-_m-dn¬ Xs‚ cWw ÿm]n-°m≥ th≠n-bm-bn-cp-∂n-√. adn®v

]me-°mSv cmPmhv tImgn-t°ms´ kmaq-Xn-cn-bpsS BI-a-W-Øn¬ \n∂v

c£-In-´m-\mbn ssakq-cn¬ sN∂v sslZ-c-en-tbmSv klmbw tXSp-I-bm-

bn-cp-∂p. ssk\y-k-taXw 1755-˛¬ ae-_m-dn-se-Ønb sslZ-cen 1782-˛¬

\ncym-X-\mb tijw 1788 ^n_-hcn 11-˛mw Xnø-Xn-bmWv ]nXm-hns‚

ZuXyw Gs‰-SpØv Sn∏p tImgn-t°m-s´-Øp-∂-Xv. At±lw X\n°v Xmh-

f-ap-≠m-°m≥ sXc-s™-Sp-ØXv tImgn-t°mSv \n∂v 8 ssa¬ AIse

ÿnXn sNøp-∂-Xpw tIm´ sI´m≥ ]‰nb Ip∂p-Ifpw XmgvhcIfp-a-S-

ßn-b-Xp-amb aΩnfn ]tZ-i-amWv. At±lw AXn\v [oc-\mb Jeo^

Da-dns\ A\p-kva-cn-∏n°pw hn[w "^mdq-Jm-_mZv' F∂v t]cn-Sp-Ibpw

sNbvXp.

aΩnfn ]tZ-isØ 105 ASn Db-c-ap≈ Ip∂n≥ apI-fn¬ \n∂v t\m°n-

bm¬ Xpd-ap-J-ßfpw \Zn-Ifpw ho£n-°mw. ChnsS Sn∏p \n¿an® \mep

`mK-ßfpw Iq‰≥ InS-ßp-I-fm¬ Np‰-s∏´ tIm´-bn¬ ]md Xpc-∂p-≠m-

°nb shSn-a-cp-∂-d-Iƒ, Ccp-\q-tdmfw t]¿°n-cn-°m-hp∂ lmƒ, \ne-h-d-

Iƒ, \mW-b-°-Ω-´-ßƒ F√mw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-h-sX. tIm´-bn¬ \n∂v

]pg-bn-te-°p≈ Xpc-¶w, I\m¬ F∂n-h-bp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. 685 ao‰¿ Np‰-

f-hn¬, 217 ao‰¿ hymkØn¬ HºXv G°¿ ÿe-Øm-bn-cp∂p Cu

tIm´. Hmtcm `mKØpw Ft´mfw ]oc¶n Xd-I-fp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

tIm´-bn¬ \n∂v Ing°v amdn-bm-bn-cp∂p A∂sØ Aßm-Snbpw IS-

hpw. CXn-\-Sp-ØmWv N¥-°p∂pw Np¶-hpw. t]´°v kao-]-ap≈ Poh-

lm\n ]d-ºn-emWv Ip‰-hm-fn-Isf Xq°n-sIm-∂n-cp-∂-Xv. AhnsS Hcp

sNdnb ]≈n-bp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu ]≈n-bn¬ sh®mWv Sn∏p At±-lsØ

ImWm≥ h∂ sImt≠mń Xßsf kzoI-cn-®-sX∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

GXm≠v aq∂v h¿jta tIm´-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´v Sn∏p-hn\v tImgn-t°mSv

Xßm≥ Ign-™p-≈p. 1790 ¬ BZy-Øn¬ Imem-hÿ tami-am-b-Xn-

\m¬ tIm´bpw a‰p Imcy-ßfpw a¿Øm_v Jms\ G¬]n®p Sn∏p ssakq-

cn-te°v Xncn-®p-t]m-bn.

Sn∏p-hns‚ tk\m-\m-b-I≥ lpssk≥ Aen-Jm≥ ]c-∏-\-ßm-Sn-bn¬

_nójp-Im-tcmSv tXm‰-Xns\ XpS¿∂v _nójv ]´mfw tIm´ ]nSs®-S-p-

°p-Ibpw 1792-˛93 ¬ Ah-cpsS Xmh-f-am-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cw•o-jp-

Im¿°v ^mdq-Jm-_mZv ^tdm°v Bbn-am-dn.

A_p- -_m-lns‚ kz]v\ `qan Is≠Øn

A_p- -_m-lns‚ kz]v\-`qan Is≠-Øm≥ AUz.-Fw.-hn.-ssl-

tZmkpw Ipt™mbn sshZycpw \S-Ønb ia-Øns‚ `mK-ambn ^tdm-

°nse ]uc-][m-\n-bmb ]pfn-bmfn A_vZp-≈-°pń lmPnsb kao-]n-

39


®p. At±lw \n¿t±-in®X\p-k-cn®v Ah¿ c≠p-t]cpw Ct∏mƒ tImtfPv

\ne sIm≈p∂ 28 G°¿ hcp∂ ÿew ]cn-tim-[n-®p. ap≈pw ImSpw

Dcp-f≥ I√p-Ifpw \nd™ hnP-\-amb ]tZ-iw. FØn-t®-cm≥ hgn-bn-√.

Xmakn°m≥ sIm≈p-I-bn-s√∂pw ]nim-Np-°fpsS Bhmk tIμ-am-

sW∂pw ÿe-]-cn-N-b-ap≈ Nne¿ ]d-™p. F∂m¬ Ah¿°p ÿew

\t∂ CjvS-s∏-´p. A_p- -_m-lns\ hnh-c-a-dn-bn®p.

cmPm A_vZp¬Jm-Z¿ lmPn-bpsS HuZmcyw

AXn-en-S°v tImtf-Pns‚ ]Nm-c-Wm¿∞w auem\m amln-bn-ep≈

At±-l-Øns‚ Hcp kplr-Øn-t\m-sSm∏w kntem-Wn-te°v t]mbn-cp-∂p.

F∂m¬ ]\n ]nSns]´v s]s´∂v aS-ßn. kpJ-an-√msX InS-°p-I-bm-bn-

cp∂ At±-lsØ kμ¿in-°m≥ Nmh-°ms´ cmPm A_vZp¬ JmZ¿

lmPn Xma-k-ÿ-e-sØ-Øn. tImtf-Pns‚ hn]p-eo-IcWw Dt±-in®v

ÿew hmßp-∂-Xn-s‚bpw IqSp-X¬ ÿm]-\-ßƒ \n¿an-°p-∂-Xn-s‚bpw

Bh-iy-I-X-sb√mw auem\m At±-lsØ [cn-∏n-®p. lmPn-bpsS ]Xn-

I-cWw Cß-s\-bm-bn-cp∂p: ""aue-ho, ÿm]-\sØ sNm√n \nßƒ hnj-

an-t°-≠. \ap°v hgn-bp-≠m-°mw.'' Hcp ZrIvkm£n hnh-cWw: lmPn

At±-l-Øns‚ Iº-\n-bnse Imcy-ÿ-t\mSv A_p- -_m-ln\v IsØ-

gp-Xm-\p≈ hmNIw ]d™p sImSp-Øp. Imcy-ÿ≥: ""apX-emfo ]Xn-

\m-bncw Ddp-∏nI sImSp-Øm¬ \ΩpsS I®-hSw ]ns∂ Fßs\

\S°pw?'' lmPn: ""\ap°v A√mlp Xcpw!'' A∂sØ ]Xn-\m-bncw Ddp-

∏n-I-bpsS hne C∂sØ \ne-hm-c-Øn¬ FX hcp-sa∂v a\- n-em-°-

Ww. A√m-lp-hn-ep≈ ZrVhnizm-khpw ip`-]-Xo-£bpw!

28 G°¿ \¬Inb A_vZp≈°p´n lmPn

^tdm-°n¬ ÿew t\m°m≥ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏´ c≠p-t]cpw Is≠-

Ønb A\p-tbm-Py-amb ÿew hmßm≥ Xs∂ A_p- -_mlv Xocp-

am-\n-®p. hne \nP-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ch¿ c≠p-t]sc Xs∂ Npa-X-e-s∏-Sp-

Øn. A_p- -_m-lns‚ ssIh-i-ap≈ ]Xn-\m-bncw cq] sIm≠v ÿew

hmßepw sI´nS \n¿am-Whpw c≠pw IqSn Fßs\ km[y-amIpw F∂

Bi-¶-bn-em-bn-cp∂p Ah¿. F¶nepw lmPn-tbmSv hn´p-hogvN sNøm≥

At]-£n-°m-sa∂ ]Xo-£-bn¬ At±-lsØ kao-]n-®p. ÿew hmßp-

∂-Xns‚ Dt±-iy-e-£y-ßƒ At±lw tNmZn-®-dn-™p. A_p- -_m-lns\

Ah¿ At±-l-Øn\v ]cn-N-b-s∏-SpØn sImSp-Øp. apkvenw kap-Zm-b-

Øns‚ A`n-hr-≤n°v Bh-iy-amb hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-ßƒ \n¿an-°p-

I-bmWv e£y-sa∂v t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øn. At∏mƒ lmPn-bpsS ]Xn-I-

cWw : ""F∂m¬ Rm≥ Cu kzØv Hcp ]Xn-^-ehpw IqSmsX hJv^v

sNbvXmtem?'' FX kwip-≤-amb a\ v! Fs¥mcp `‡n. Cu ]pWy-

40


I¿aw ImcWw At±lw tIcf apkvenwIfpsS hnZym- ymk Ncn-X-Ønse

Hcp kp]-[m\ kw -h-ambn amdn. kt¥mj`cn-X-cmb A_p- -_m-lns‚

]Xn-\n[nIƒ ]d™p: ""A¬lw-Zp-en-√m..!'' hnhcw auem-\sb Adn-

bn-®p. ]X-Zzmcm s]mXp-P-\-ß-sfbpw.

A£csshcn-I-fpsS FXn¿∏v

Cu hm¿Ø apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ s]mXpsh BÀmZw P\n-∏n-®-

t∏mƒ as‰mcp hn`m-K-Øn\v sR´-ep-≠m-°n. \mń¬ hen-sbm-c-]-ISw

kw`-hn-°m≥ t]mhp-I-bm-sW∂ hn[-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS kao-]-

\w. lmPnsb Cu DZy-a-Øn¬ \n∂v ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°m-\mbn Ah-cpsS iaw.

\mń¬ \ne-hn-ep≈ kº-Zm-b-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ Hcp am‰hpw AwKo-I-cn-

°mØ Hcp hn`mKw A∂v kPo-h-am-bn-cp-∂p. apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Øns‚

hnZym-`ymk apt∂-‰-Øn-\p≈ XS- hpw ]nt∂m-°m-h-ÿ-°p≈ Imc-

Whpw Cu hn`m-K-Øns‚ kao-]\w Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ASp-sØmcp

Znhkw h°oepw sshZycpw dPn-kvtS-j≥ XnøXn \n¿W-bn-°m≥ lmPn-

bpsS hk-Xn-bn-se-Øn. At∏mƒ AhnsS Nne aX-]-fin-X-∑mcpw ]ap-

J-hy-‡n-I-fp-ap-≠v. Ch¿ Ccp-h-scbpw I≠-am-X-bn¬ lmPn: ""tl, h°o-

te, B[mcw thKw dPn-kvSm-°q. F∂m¬ Ch¿°v thsd ]Wn t\m°m-

a-t√m.'' ]d™ hm°v am‰n-∏-d-bmØ am\y\pw \njvI-f-¶-\p-amb Cu

a\p-jys‚ ]Jym-]\w At±lsØ ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°m≥ h∂-hsc Cfn-`y-

cm-°n. ASpØ Znhkw Xs∂ Ppap-A°v tijw duk-Øp¬ Depw

Atkm-kn-tb-js‚ ]kn-U≠v F∂ \ne°v A_p- -_m-lns‚ t]cn¬

ÿew dPn-kvS¿ sNbvXp. "apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ A`n-hr-≤n°pw

Fs‚ ]c-tem-I-Kp-W-Øn\pw th≠n' F∂mWv B[mc-Øn¬ lmPn

]kvXm-hn-®n- p-≈-Xv. 1947- ¬ Ad-_n-t°m-tf-Pn-\p≈ sIń-S-Øns‚ ]Wn

Bcw-`n®p.

41


6.^mdqJv tImtfPv :

kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ ]Im-i-tKm-]pcw

Aen-K¿ apkvenw bq\n-th-gvkn-‰n-bpsS ÿm]\w apkvenw C¥y-bpsS

Ncn-X-Ønse alm-kw-`-h-am-bn-cp-∂p. tIc-fob apkvenw kaq-l-Øn¬

CXv hnZym-`ym-k-]-c-amb ]pXnb Ah-t_m[w krjvSn®p F∂Xv icn

Xs∂. Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ \memw Zi-I-Øns‚ Ah-km-\-Øn-se-

Øn-bn´pw Ah¿°v kz¥-ambn Hcp B¿Svkv & kb≥kv tImtfPv ÿm]n-

°m≥ Ign-™n√ F∂ ZpxJ-kXyw Ah-ti-jn-®p. AXn-\p≈ iaw N¿®-

Iƒ°pw Xocp-am-\ßƒ°pw IΩ‰n cq]o-I-c-W-Øn-\p-a-∏pdw apt∂m´v

sIm≠v t]mIm≥ Ign-™n-√. ae-_m-dns‚ A∂sØ Bÿm-\-amb

aZm-kn-em-Is´ apl-Ω-Z≥ tImtfPv t]mep≈ ÿm]-\-ßƒ \ne-hn¬

h∂n´v h¿j-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. apkvenwIƒ Ad-_n-˛-aX hn⁄m-\-ßfn¬

amX-a-√, B[p-\nI hnZym-`ym-k-Ønepw ]ptcm-KXn ]m]n-°-W-sa∂

Bibw A_p- -_mlv a\- n¬ t]dn-s°m≠v \S-∂p. Xm≥ _‘-

s∏´ apkvenw t\Xm-°fpw [\m-Vycpw hy‡n]ap-J-cp-ambn Cu Bibw

At±lw ]¶v sh°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AUz-°‰v Fw.-hn.-ssl-tZmkv Fgp-

Xp-∂p: ""A_vZp¬ JmZ¿ lmPn hmKvZØw sNbvX 10000 I sIm≠v

Ad_nt°mtf-Pn\v th≠n \n¿an-°p∂ sI´n-S-Øns‚ Xd-∏Wn GXm≠v

Xo¿∂-t∏mƒ lmPn ]Wn°v ta¬t\m´w hln-°m≥ \ntbm-Kn-®n-cp∂

takvXn sambvXo≥ Ip´n F\n°v FgpXn: s]m∂p h°o-te, BsI

Ipg-∏-Øn-em-b-t√m. FSpØ ]Wn ]q¿Øn-bm-°m≥ C\n F¥v am¿Kw?''

F∂m¬ Cu Ah-k-c-Ønepw auehn kmln-_ns‚ Bi apt∂m v Xs∂-

bm-bn-cp-∂p. \ap°v Hcp _n.-F.-tIm-tfPv XpS-ßWw F∂v CXn-en-S°v

]e-t∏mgpw At±lw kl-]-h¿Ø-I-tcmSv ]d-bm-dp-≠v.''

apkvenwIƒ°v Hcp ^Ãv tKUv tImtfPv

1947 sabv 17-˛\v A_p- -_m-lns‚ A≤y-£-X-bn¬ tN¿∂ duk-

42


Øp¬ Deqw Atkm-kn-tb-js‚ tbmK-Øn¬ Atkm-kn-tb-js‚ Iogn¬

Hcp ^Ãv tKUv tImtf-Pn\v AwKo-Im-c-Øn\v At]-£n-°m≥ Xocp-am-

\n-®p. AUz.-Fw.-hn.-ssl-tZmkv Fgp-Xp∂p: ""CXns‚ hnP-b-sØ-∏‰n

Nne¿°v kwi-bhpw a‰p Nne¿°v ]cn-lm-k-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. A∂p sI.-

Fw.-ko-Xn-km-ln_pw duk-Øp¬ Deqw Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ skI-´dn

AUz.-Fw.-hn.-ssl-tZmkv kmln_pw aZmkv sePn. Akwªn saº¿am-

cm-bn-cp-∂p. A_p- -_mlv DSs\ aZm-kn-te°v ]pd-s∏-´p. Ch-cp-ambpw

C¥y≥ bq\n-b≥ apkvenweoKv ]kn-U≠v apl-ΩZv CkvamCu¬ kmln-

_v, _n.-t]m-°¿ kmln_v F∂n-h-cp-ambpw N¿® sNbvXv tImtf-Pn\v

At]£ \¬Im≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p. 1947 k]vXw-_¿ 17\v A_p- -_mlv

Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ ]kn-U≠v F∂ \ne-°v tImtf-Pn\v bq\n-th-gvkn-‰n-

bn¬ At]£ \¬In. At]£tbmsSm∏w AS-t°≠ 600 I aZm-

knse Hcp I®-h-S-°m-c-\n¬ \n∂v hmbv] hmßp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. kmº-

Øn-I-ambn AXbpw hnj-am-h-ÿ-bm-bn-cp∂p A∂v. aZmkv bq\n-th-

gvkn‰n sshkv Nm≥k-e¿ tUm.-F.-e-£vaW kzman apX-en-bm¿ Cu

DZy-a-Øn\v F√m-hn[ t]m’m-l-\hpw \¬In. tUm.-A-_vZp¬ lJv,

auem\m A_vZp¬ hlm_v _pJmcn F∂n-h¿ Bh-iy-amb F√m klm-

b-ßfpw \¬In. At]£ sImSpØ DSs\Øs∂ apl-ΩZv Ckvam-Cu¬

kmln-_ns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Hcp tbmKw tN¿∂v At±lw sNb¿am\pw

AUz.-Fw.-hn.-ssl-tZmkv I¨ho-\-dp-ambn Ccp-]-XwK IΩ‰n tImtfPv

XpS-ßm-\m-h-iy-amb ^≠v tiJ-c-W-Øn-\mbn cq]o-I-cn-®p. s]mXp-P-\-

ß-tfmSv klmbw \¬Im-\p≈ Hcp A`y¿∞-\bpw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®p. sI.-

Fw.-ko-Xn-km-ln-_v, t]m°¿ kmln-_v, cmPm A_vZp¬JmZ¿ lmPn,

sImb-∏-sØmSn AlvaZv Ip´n, ]n.-]n.-l-k≥ tImb XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS

t\Xr-Xz-Øn-emWv [\-k-am-l-cW ]-h¿Ø\w \S-∂-Xv. tImtf-Pns‚

AwKo-Im-c-Øn-\p≈ km[yX ]cn-tim-[n-°m≥ ]me-°mSv hnIvtSm-dnb

tImtfPv ]n≥kn-∏mƒ sI.-Fkv.-bp.-\m-b¿ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-´p.

kw`m-h-\-I-fpsS ]hmlw

1948 G]n¬ 9, 10 Xnø-Xn-I-fn¬ aZmkv k¿h-I-em-ime IΩo-j-

\mbn \ntbm-Kn® s]m^.-A-ø-∏≥ ]n≈ (]kn-U≥kn tImtf-Pv) tImtf-

Pns‚ \n¿ZnjvS ÿew kμ¿in-®p. sI´nSw ]Wn-bm≥ Dt±-in®v ]q¿Øn-

bmb Hcp Xd amXta D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈p. F¶nepw AhnsS IqSnb kap-

Zmb kvt\ln-I-fpsS Bth-ihpw \n›b Zm¿Vyhpw I≠-t∏mƒ kmt¶-

XnI ]Xn-_-‘-ß-sf-sb√mw adn-I-S∂v IΩo-j≥ A\p-Iqe \ne-]m-sS-

Sp-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. tImtf-Pn-\m-h-iy-amb kuI-cy-ß-sfm-cp-°m≥

kmh-Imiw \¬I-W-sa∂v IΩo-j≥ ip]m¿i sNbvXn-cp-∂p. AtXm-

sSm∏w bq\n-th-gvkn-‰n-bn¬ F≥tUmhvsa‚ v ^≠mbn 5 e£w cq]

43


sIń-sh-°m\pw \n¿tZ-in-®n-cp-∂p. \mń¬ £maw \ne-\n¬°p∂ ka-b-

am-b-Xn-\m¬ CXn-te°v 1,70,000 I amXta ]ncn-s®-Sp-°m≥ Ign-™p-

≈p. C\n F¥v sNtø-W-sa-∂m-tem-Nn-°m≥ A_p- -_m-lns‚ A≤y-

£-X-bn¬ tbmKw tN¿∂p. ]Ww e`n-°mØ hnhcw tbmKsØ Adn-

bn-®-t∏mƒ AUz.-ssl-tZmkv Ic-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Xs‚ hoSpw ]dºpw

]W-b-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Xøm-dm-sW∂v At±lw ]Jym-]n-®p. hmX-tcmKw ]nSn-

s]´v Ah-i-\mbn tbmK-Øn¬ ]s¶-SpØ ]n.-Fw.-B-‰-t°mb Xßƒ

Cu cwKw I≠v C]-Imcw ]d™p: ""F\n°v \S-°m≥ hø. Fs∂

\nßƒ Npa-en-te-‰n-s°m≠v \S-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ ]Ww Rm≥ ]ncn-®p-

sIm-≈mw.'' Cu hm°p-Iƒ AhnsS IqSn-b-h-cn¬ Bthiw ]I¿∂p.

XpS¿∂p≈ ia-Øns‚ e-ambn kw`m-h-\-I-fpsS ]hm-l-am-bn. sImSn-

sØmSn AlvaZv Ipń kmln_v sImt≠m-ń-bnse F°m-]-d-ºn¬ 15

G°¿ qan, sI.-Fw.-koXn kmln_v k`m ]dºv F∂ sXßn≥ tXm´w,

kn±oJv tk´v kmln_v 404 G°¿ hcp∂ ]≈n-∏pdw ap\ºw FtÃ-‰v,

aW-∏mSv Ip™n-ap-l-ΩZv lmPn ssh°w ap≠m¿ FtÃ‰v F∂n-h-sb√mw

kw`m-h-\-bmbn \¬In. Ad_nt°mtf-Pns‚ ]cn-k-cØv `qan \¬In-b-

h-cn¬ hSt° hoń¬ sambvXn≥ Ipń lmPn, hSt° hoń¬ aΩp F∂n-

h¿ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. Aßs\ amkw tXmdpw 2000 cq]-bpsS BZmbw In´m-

hp∂ GI-tZiw Hcp e£w cq]-bpsS BkvXn thW-sa∂ bq\n-th-

gvkn‰n \n¿tZ-ihpw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-´p.

tImtf-Pn\v At]£ ka¿∏n-®Xv duk-Øp¬ Deqw ^Ãv tKUv

tItfPv F∂ t]cn-em-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ ]n∂oSv sshkv Nm≥k-e¿

e£vaW kzman apX-en-bm-cpsS A`n-]mbw am\n-®v, kønZv A_vZp¬

hlm_v _pJmcn kmln-_ns‚ D]-tZi]Imcw tImtf-Pns‚ t]cv ÿe-

\m-a-tØm-sSm-∏n®v ^mdqJv F∂m°n am‰p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. 1948 Pq¨

12 \v B‰-t°mb Xß-fpsS hoń¬ sh®v tN¿∂ Atkm-kn-tb-j≥

tbmK-Øn¬ sh®mWv Cu t]cv am‰-Øn\v AwKo-Imcw \¬In-b-Xv. AtX

tbmK-Øn¬ sh®v Xs∂ Atkm-kn-tb-js‚ Iogn¬ ^mdqJv tImtf-

Pn\pw Ad_nt°mtf-Pn\pw c≠v hyXykvX IΩ-‰n-Iƒ cq]o-I-cn-°m\pw

Xocp-am-\-am-bn. sI.-Fw.-ko-Xn-km-ln_v skI-´-dn-bmbn sXc-s™-Sp-°-

s∏´ ^mdqJv tImtfPv IΩ-‰n-bpsS ]kn-U≠v Jm≥ _l-Zq¿ hn.-sI.-D-

Æn-°Ωp kmln_pw ssh.-]-kn-U≠v Jm≥ _l-Zq¿ ]n.-Fw.-B-‰-t°mb

Xß-fp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]n.-sF.-Ip-™-l-ΩZv Ipń lmPn tPm.-sk-I-´-dn-bpw

sI.-CkvamCu¬ kmln_v Sj-dpw auehn A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen-

bpw F.-sI.-Jm-Z¿ Ipń kmln_pw AwK-ß-fp-am-bn-cp-∂p. auehn A_p-

-_mlv ]kn-U-≠mbn Ad-_n-t°m-tf-Pn\v as‰mcp IΩ-‰nbpw \ne-

hn¬ h∂p. Atkm-kn-tb-js‚ Iogn-ep≈ kzØp-°fpw c≠p -I-Ω-‰n-

44


Iƒ°p-ambn hn -Pn-°-s∏- p. Ad-_n-t°m-tf-Pn\v th≠n \n¿amWw \S∂p

sIm≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp lmfpw \mep ¢m v apdn-I-fp-ap≈ sIńSw ^mdqJv

tImtf-Pn\v AwKo-Imcw e`n-°p-tºmƒ AXn\v hn´p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ Xocp-

am-\n-®p. Ad-_n-t°m-tfPv at©-cn-bn¬ \n∂v ^tdm-°n-te°v jn^v‰v

sNbvX-t∏mƒ X¬°mew ¢m p-Iƒ Bcw- n-®Xv Bim-cn-∏-Wn°v th≠n

D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂ sjÕn-emWv. F∂m¬ ]ns∂ ^tdm-°nse ac-hy-h-

km-bnbpw DZm-c-a-Xn-bp-amb sI.-A-h-dm≥Ipń lmPn ap≥ ssIsø-SpØv

Ad-_n-t°m-tf-Pn\v kz¥-ambn CS-®p-a-cp-I-sfm-∂p-an-√mØ Hcp lmƒ

\n¿an®p sImSp-Øp. At±lw kz¥w \ne-°mWv mdqJv tImtfPv Imº-

knse akvPn-Zp¬ Akvl¿ \n¿an-®Xpw. Ad-_n-t°m-tfPv sIń-S-Øn¬

kvIo\p-Iƒ sh®v ¢m p-Iƒ Bcw-`n-®p.

]Ya ]n≥kn∏mƒ

^mdqJv tImtf-Pns‚ ]Ya ]n≥kn-∏mƒ Bbn skbvXv aplvb±o≥

jmsb \nb-an-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p. A_p- -_m-lns\ G‰hpw A[nIw

BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp∂ At±lw aZmkv Kh.-

k¿ho-kn¬ \n∂v eosh-SpØv h∂v mdqJv tImtf-Pns‚ ÿm]-\-Øn\v

th≠n ITn\ bXv\w \S-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. tdm-°n-s\-∏‰n jm kmln_v

at©-cn-bn¬ sh®v A_p- -_m-lp-am-bp-≠mb Hc-\p-`hw Cßs\ hnh-

cn-°p∂p: ""Hcp Znhkw ]m¿∞-\-°n-S-bn¬ A_p- -_mlv auehn

Ft∂mSv ]d™p: ""^mdqJv! ^mdqJv! Fs∂mcp i_vZw kz]v\-Øn¬.

F¥mWo ^mdq-Jv.'' Rm≥ ]d™p: tImgn-t°m-Sn-\-SpØ Hcp ÿe-am-

W-Xv. AXns‚ icn-bmb t]cv ^mdqJm_mZv F∂m-Wv. Sn∏p-kp¬Øm≥

tIc-f-Øns‚ Xe-ÿm-\-am-°m≥ Hcp-°n-bn-cp∂ ÿe-am-W-Xv. "^mdqJv'

F∂ ÿeØv h√ ÿm]-\hpw \n¿an-°mtam F∂mtemNn°-Ww˛

A_p- -_mlv ]d-™p.' Kh.-ap-l-Ω-Z≥ tImtfPv s]m^-k-dm-bn-cp∂

jm kmln-_n-t\mSv ^mdqJv tImtf-Pns‚ ]n≥kn-∏mƒ ÿm\w Gs‰-

Sp-°m≥ apl-ΩZv CkvamCu¬ kmln_pw t]m°¿ kmln_pw \n¿tZ-

in-®p.

tImtfPv Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xn\v k¿h-I-em-im-e-bpsS AwKo-Imcw e`n-

®p. 1948 Pq¨ 12 \v 1 aWn°v Jm≥ _l-Zq¿ ]n.-Fw.-B-‰-t°mb Xß-

fpsS hk-Xn-bn¬ sh®v tImtfPv Bcw- n-®-Xmbn ]Jym-]n-°-s∏- p. sIń-

S-Øns‚ ]Wn ]q¿Øn-bm-Im-Ø-Xn-\m¬ ^tdm°v Np¶-Øn-\-SpØ If-

Øn-ß¬ CkvamCu¬ kmln-_ns‚ hk-Xn-bn-emWv tImtfPv Bcw-`n-

®-Xv. C‚¿ aoUn-b-‰v, _n.-F.-¢m- p-Ifpw 32 hnZym¿∞n-I-fp-am-Wp-≠m-bn-

cp-∂-Xv. ]n∂oSv sIńSØns‚ ]Wn ]q¿Øn-bm-b-t∏mƒ AXn-te°v am‰n.

BkmZv tlmÃ¬ \ne-hn¬ hcp-∂Xv hscbpw CkvamCu¬ kmln-

_ns‚ sIń-S-Øn¬ Xs∂-bmWv hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xpw.

45


hn.-ap-l-ΩZv kmln_v mdqJv tImtfPv Bcw- n® BZy Znhkw Xs∂

ÿm]-\-Øn¬ A≤ym-]-I-\mbn tkh-\-am-cw-`n-®p. At±lw A_p- -

_m-lns\ 1944 apX¬t° ImWm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. hn.-ap-l-ΩZv kmln_v

Fgp-Xp∂p: ""1944-˛48 ImeØv auehn kmln_v CS-°nsS aZn-cm-in-bn¬

hcm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. At∏mƒ S^vfn-°-bn¬ ssltdm-Un¬ Xpdm_v

lpssk≥ kmln_v Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ hoń¬ AXn-Yn-bm-bn-´mWv At±lw

Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. B tdmUn¬ \n∂v A[nIw AI-se-b-√m-bn-cp∂p

Rm\pw Kh.-aplΩZ≥ tImtf-Pnse Nne tIc-fob hnZym¿∞n-Ifpw Xma-

kn-®n-cp∂ ssS\nwKv kvIqƒ tlmÃ¬. auehn kmln_v h∂m¬ Nne

tIcf°mcmb hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ B hoń¬ t]mbn Ipd®p kabw At±-

l-Øns‚ IqsS sNe-h-gn-°m-dp-≠v. Xpdm_v lpssk≥ kmln_pw

AhnsS D≠m-Ipw.''

apkvenweoKpw ^mdqJv tImtfPpw

^mdqJv tImtfPv ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn¬ apkvenw eoKpw AXns‚ apJ-

]-X-amb Nμn-Ibpw hln® ]¶v A\n-tj-[y-a-sX. kn.-F-Ov.-ap-l-ΩZv

tImb Fgp-Xp-∂p. ""tImtf-Pns\ kw_-‘n® Hcm-thiw kap-Zmb a[y-

Øn¬ ]c-Øp-∂-Xn\pw tImtf-Pn\v e`n® kw`m-h-\-Iƒ°v ]kn-≤o-I-

cWw \¬IpI hgn IqSp-X¬ DZm-c-X°v ]-tNm-Z\w \¬Ip-∂-Xn\pw

NμnI hln® ]¶v A∂v B ]X-Ønse Hcp ]h¿Ø-I-\m-bn-cp∂

Rm≥ A`n-am\ ]q¿hw kvacn-°p-∂p. Iptd-Imew Nμn-I-bpsS tImf-

ß-fn-emWv tImtfPv Pohn-®-Xv. kap-Zmbw s]mXpsh Bthiw ImWn-

®p-sh-¶nepw kmº-Øn-I-amb _mem-cn-jvSp-Iƒ ÿm]\w apXte tImtf-

Pns\ sR°n-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. A∂v sI.-Fw.-koXn kmln_v ae-_m¿

Pn√m apkvenw eoKns‚ skI-´-dn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. At±-l-Øn-s‚bpw

JPm©n F.-sI.-Jm-Z¿Ipń kmln-_n-s‚bpw ]cn-i-a-^-e-ambn Pn√m-

eoKv ^≠n¬ \n∂v 25000 I ^mdqJv tImtfPv ^≠n-te°v \¬Im≥

Pn√m eoKv kΩ-Xn-®p. A∂sØ \ne°v AsXmcp henb kw`m-h-\-bm-

bn-cp-∂p. AXn\v ]pdsa Hcp Imdpw tImtf-Pn\v th≠n \¬In-bn-cp-∂p.''

B Ime-L-´-Øn¬ ae-_m¿ apkvenw eoKns‚ A≤y-£-\m-bn-cp∂

kønZv A_vZp-dlvam≥ _m^°n Xßƒ tImtf-Pns‚ ss^\m≥kv

IΩ‰n saº-dm-bn-cp-∂p. apkvenw eoKv t\Xm-hmb koXn kmln_v tImtf-

Pn\v th≠n sNbvX tkh-\-ßƒ B¿°pw hnkva-cn-°m≥ Ign-bmØ

NcnX tcJ-bm-Wv. H∂mw tKUv tImtfPv Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ^≠v

]ncn-®p-≠m-°p-∂-Xn¬ At±lw \n¿Wm-b-I-amb ]¶v hln-®p. At±-l-

Øns‚ ]nXmhv ePv\-Øp¬ la-Zm-\nb kwL-Øn\v kw`m-h\ sNbvXn-

cp∂ kzØv At±lw ^mdqJv tImtf-Pn\v \¬In. 1947 ¬ tImtf-Pns‚

BZysØ `cW kanXn cq]o-I-cn-®Xv apX¬ acWw hsc koXn-km-

46


ln_v AXns‚ skI-´-dn-bmbn XpS¿∂p.

apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ Bthiw

^mdqJv tImtf-Pns‚ ÿm]\w tIc-f-Ønse apkvenw hnZym-`ymk

Ncn-X-Øn¬ Hcp ]pXnb A≤ym-b-Øns‚ XpS-°-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ac-\q-‰m-

≠n-\n-S°v ]ecpw ]e kμ¿`-ß-fn-embn apkvenwIƒ°v Hcp tImtfPv

ÿm]n-°m≥ ian®p ]cm-P-b-s∏-t -S-ØmWv Hcp aX-]-fin-X-\mb A_p-

-_mlv hnPbw t\Sp-∂-Xv. CXn-eqsS At±lw a\- n¬ c≠p-h¿j-

ambn Xmtem-en-®p- sIm≠v \S∂ kz]v\w km£m-Xv°-cn-°-s∏-´p. A_p-

-_m-ln\v Fßs\ CXv km[n®p? A°m-esØ kap-Zmb t\Xm-°-

fpsSbpw [\m-Vy-∑m-cp-sSbpw ]apJ hy‡n-I-fp-sS-bp-sa√mw ]n¥pW

F¥vsIm≠v At±-l-Øn\v e`n-®p? At±-l-Øns‚ \nkzm¿∞-X-bnepw

kap-Zmb ]ptcm-K-Xn-bn-ep≈ XmXv]-cy-Ønepw kaq-l-Øn\v ]q¿W-hn-

izm-k-am-bn-cp-∂p. A√m-lp-hn-ep≈ AN-©-e-amb hnizm-kw, Ahs‚

klmbw e`n-°p-sa∂ Dd-∏v, ]Xn-_-‘-ßsf AXn-P-bn-°m-\p≈ Icp-

Øv, Bfl-hn-izm-kw, ip` ]Xo-£˛ Ch-sbm-s°-bm-bn-cp∂p B hnZym-

`ymk]h¿Ø-Is‚ ssIap-X¬. Hcp e£yw apºn¬ I≠m¬ AXn\v

XS- -ambn \n¬°p∂ GXv ]Xn-_-‘-sØbpw X´n-b-I-‰m-\p≈

\n›bZm¿Vyw A_p- -_m-lns‚ apJ-ap-Z-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ad-_n-t°m-tf-

Pns‚ Bh-iym¿∞w hJv^v sNø-s∏´ 28 G°¿ `qan-bn¬ 17 G°dpw

\n¿amWØnen-cn-°p∂ sI´n-Shpw At±lw ^mdqJv tImtf-Pn\v hn´p-

sIm-Sp-Øp. apkvenw kap-Zmbw aX [m¿anI hnZym-`ym-k-Ønepw B[p-

\nI hnZym-`ym-k-Ønepw Htc Ah-kcw ]ptcm-K-Xn-bm¿Pn-t°-W-sa∂

Nn¥-bmWv B ]cn-jvI¿Øm-hns\ \bn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.

47


7.hn⁄m-\-∏q-¶m-h-\-Øns‚hnkva-b-I-c-amb hf¿®

A_p- -_mlv Bcw-`n® BZysØ hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-Øn\pw

hnZym-`ymk ]h¿Ø\w \S-Øm-\p≈ kwL-S-\bv°pw "hn⁄m-\-ß-

fpsS ae¿hmSn' F∂¿∞-ap≈ duk-Øp¬ Deqw F∂v t]cv \¬In-b-

t∏mƒ At±-l-Øns‚ a\- nse k¶¬]w hnhn[ ÿm]-\-ßƒ Xe

Db¿Øn \n¬°p∂ alm hn⁄m\ kap-®-b-am-Wv. ImSv aqSn°nS-∂,

Ipdp-°-∑m-cp-sSbpw ]mºp-I-fp-sSbpw Bhmk tIμ-am-bn-cp∂ Ccp-aq-fn-

∏-d-ºns\ Xs‚ a\- nse ]q¶m-h-\-am°n am‰m≥ At±lw ITn-\-bXv\w

\S-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]W-°mcpw ]fin-X-∑mcpw cmjvSob t\Xm-°fpw

hnZym-k-º-∂-cp-sa√mw At±-l-Øns‚ Ic-ßƒ°v i‡n ]I¿∂p.

Ad_nt°mtf-Pns‚bpw ^mdqJv tImtf-Pns‚bpw c≠n-s‚bpw ]ptcm-

K-Xn°pw IqSp-X¬ ÿm]-\-ßƒ ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øp-∂-Xn\pw At±lw iaw

\S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p.

Ad-_n-t°m-tf-Pn\v ]pXnb sI´nSw

Ad-_n-t°m-tf-Pn\v hn]p-e-amb kuI-cy-ßƒ AS-ßnb ¢m v apdn-

Iƒ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ ]pXnb sI´nSw. AXns‚ ap≥h-iØv CuPn-]vjy≥

Iem-Im-c-∑m¿ Xøm-dm-°nb Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-ßƒ sImØn-sh-®p.

hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v Xma-kn-°m≥ tlmÃ¬ \n¿an-®p. `£-Whpw Xma-

khpw Ah¿°v kuP-\y-ambn \¬In. kaq-l-Øn\v hn⁄m\w ]I¿∂p

sImSp-°p-Ibpw Ah¿°v am¿KZ¿i\w \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp aX-

]-fin-X-\p-≠m-bn-cn-t°≠ Ign-hp-I-sfbpw KpWhnti-j-ß-sfbpw kw_-

‘n®p At±-l-Øn\v hy‡-amb ImgvN-∏m-Sp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. CuPn-]vXnse

kp]-kn-≤-amb A¬ Akvl¿ k¿h-I-em-im-e-bn¬ \n∂v ]pdØv

hcp∂ ]K-¤-cmb ]fin-X-∑m-cpsS NnX-amWv At±-l-Øns‚ a\- n-

ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Ad_n `mj-bnepw aX-hn-⁄m-\-ß-fnepw \√ Ignhpw

48


B[p-\nI Nn¥bpw tkh\ ]Xn-_-≤-X-bp-ap-≈-h-cm-bn-cn-°Ww Xs‚

injy-∑m-sc∂v e£yw sh®v At±lw ]h¿Øn-®p. ]t£, hnZym¿∞n-

I-fpsS sNe-hn\pw A[ym-]-I¿°v iºfw sImSp-°p-∂-Xn\pw ]Xn-amkw

\s√mcp kwJy Bh-iy-am-bn-cp-∂p. hnI-k\ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v

thsdbpw ]Ww Is≠-Ø-Ww. A∂sØ Ahÿ Ad-_n-t°m-tfPv

ko\n-b¿ A≤ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp∂ Fw.-ap-l-ΩZv A_p- -emlv auehn

Cßs\ hnh-cn-°p∂p:

""kz¥w hoSn-t\-°mƒ auehn kvt\ln-®n-cp-∂Xv tImtf-Pn-s\-bm-bn-

cp-∂p. hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v Hcp Znhkw ]´n-Wn-bm-sW∂v I≠m¬ Fhn-

sS-sb-¶nepw t]mbn IS-am-bn-s´-¶nepw Acnbpw km[-\-ßfpw hmßn-

s°m≠p hcpw.'' A≤ym-]-I-cpsS Ahÿ Cß-s\-bm-bn-cp∂p: ""A≤ym-

]-I-cmbn A∂v Rßƒ Bdv t]cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Rßƒ°v iº-f-an-√.

kw`m-h\ In´p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂v h√Xpw Xcpw. hfsc sNdnb XpI AXpw

ÿnc-ambn In´p-I-bn-√. Aß-s\-sbm-s°-bm-sW-¶nepw Bflm¿∞X

sIm≠m-hWw Rßƒ kwXr-]vX-cm-bn-cp∂p''. apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Øns‚

kmº-ØnI \ne H´pw sa®-a-√mØ Hcp Ime-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. Cß-s\-

sbm-s°-bm-sW-¶nepw A√mlp klm-bn-°p-sa∂ ip`m]vXn hnizmkw

ssIap-X-em°n A_p- -_mlv apt∂m´v \oßn. A`n-hr≤n ]≤-Xn-Iƒ

At±lw XpS¿∂p sIm≠n-cp-∂p.

^mdqJv sslkvIqƒ

Xm≥ hn`m-h\w sNøp∂ hn⁄m\ ae¿hm-Sn-bn¬ ]mY-anI hnZym-

`ymkw apX¬ _ncp-Zm-\-¥c _ncpZw hsc-bp≈ tImgvkp-Ifpw A[ym-

]-Isc hm¿sØ-Sp-°m-\p≈ ÿm]-\hpw thW-sa∂v A_p- -_mlv

hn`m-h\w sNbvXn-cp-∂p. 1954-˛¬ Ad_n `mjbv°v IqSp-X¬ ]m[m\yw

\¬Ip∂ "^mdqJv Hmdn-b‚¬ sslkvIqƒ' F∂ ÿm]\w Ad-_n-

t°m-tfPv amt\-PnwKv IΩ-‰n-bpsS Iogn¬ At±lw ÿm]n-®p. F∂m¬

]ns∂ kvIqfns‚ ]ptcm-K-Xnbpw PmXn-a-X-t`-Z-at\y IqSp-X¬ t]¿°v

]Tn-°m-\p≈ kuI-cyhpw ap≥\n-dpØn 1957-˛¬ AXv Hcp km[m-cW

sslkvIq-fm°n am‰n. kvIqfn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®v tlmÃ¬ kuIcyw

G¿s∏-SpØnbXn-\m¬ tIc-f-Øns‚ \m\m-`m-KØp \n∂p-ap≈ apkvenw

hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ kvIqfn¬ ]Tn-°m≥ FØn-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿s°√mw

]tXyI aX-]-T\ ¢m p-Ifpw G¿s∏-Sp-Øn. hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°p≈

tlmÃ¬ \n¿an®p kw`m-h\ sNbvXXv cmPm A_vZp¬ JmZ¿ lmPn-

bm-bn-cp-∂p. 1960-˛¬ sslkvIq-fn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®v temh¿ ss]adn

kvIqfpw ÿm]n®p. Cu ÿm]-\-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw amt\-P¿ A_p- -_mlv

auehn Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

49


jm kmln-_n\p tijw

Imń¬ \n∂v \mń¬ h∂ A_p- -_m-ln\v Fs¥m-s°tbm kn≤n-

I-fp-s≠∂ hnizm-k-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p ^mdqJv tImtf-Pns‚ ]Ya

]n≥kn∏mƒ Bb skbvXv aplvb±o≥jm. aue-hn-tbm-sSm∏w At±lw

^mdqJv tImtf-Pns\ iq\y-X-bn¬ \n∂v ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øp-I-bmbn-cp∂p.

sIń-S-ßƒ°m-h-iy-amb ]Ww tiJ-cn-°m-\mbn At±lw hni-a-an-√msX

HmSn \S-∂p. hnZym¿∞n-I-sfbpw A≤ym-]-I-scbpw Is≠-ØpI AXn-

t\-°mƒ ]bm-k-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. ""A≤ym-]-I¿°v iºfw sImSp-°m≥

]W-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]etcmSpw hy‡n]c-ambn ISw hmßn iºfw

sImSp-Øp. F∂m¬ ]e-t∏mgpw F\n°v iº-f-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.'' ˛jm

kmln_v Fgp-Xp-∂p. sslZm-_m-Zn¬ Hcp tImtf-Pns‚ ]n≥kn-∏mƒ

Bbn-cp∂ AΩm-hs‚ kz¥w ]pkvXI tiJ-c-Øn¬ \n∂v 1000 ]pkvX-

I-ßƒ kºm-Zn®v BZy-ambn jm kmln_v ^mdqJv tImtfPv sse_-

dn°v XpS°w Ipdn-®p. A°m-eØv tImtf-Pn\v t\sc s]mXp-P-\-ßƒ°p-

≠m-bn-cp∂ hnImcw a\- n-em-°m≥ DX-Ip∂ Hcp kw`hw: jm kmln_v

^tdm°v Np¶Øv tdmUn-eqsS \S∂p t]mhp-I-bm-Wv. Hcp sXmgn-emfn

At±-lsØ kao-]n-®p. Hcp Ddp-∏nI tImtf-Pn\v kw`m-h-\-bmbn \¬In.

Fs¥m-cm-thiw! tImtf-Pn\v ]Ww ]ncn-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w ]pXnb

tImgvkp-Ifpw ^m°¬‰n-Ifpw ÿm]n®p A°m-U-anIv \ne A`n-hr-≤n-

s∏-Sp-Øm\pw At±lw bXv\n-®p. Aßs\ kap-Zmb a≤y-Ønepw bq\n-

th-gvkn‰n Xe-Ønepw XpS°w sXmt´ tImtf-Pn\v \s√mcp t]cv t\Sn-

s°m-Sp-°m≥ At±-l-Øn\v Ign-™p.

F∂m¬ jm kmln_v aZmkv k¿°m¿ k¿ho-kn¬ \n∂v A©p

h¿jsØ sU]yq-t´-j-\n¬ h∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p-h-t√m. ^mdqJv tImtfPv

amt\-PnwKv IΩ‰n ]kn-U-≠m-bn-cp∂ F.-sI.-Ip-™n-am-b≥ lmPn-bpsS

Bhiy ]Imcw At±lw Hcp h¿jw IqSn XpS¿∂p. 1955-˛¬ k¿ho-kn-

te°v Xncn®p t]mbn. as‰mcp ]n≥kn-∏mƒ \nb-an-X-\m-Ip-∂Xv hsc

KWnX imkvX hn`mKw s]m^-k-dm-bn-cp∂ F≥.-hn.-_o-cm≥ kmlo_v

Bÿm\w hln®p 1957-˛¬ BWv Cw•ojv s]m^-k¿ Bbn-cp∂ sI.-

F.-P-eo¬ kmln_v ]n≥kn-∏mƒ Bbn \nb-an-X-\m-Ip-∂-Xv. At±lw

hmWn-b-ºmSn Ckvemanb tImtf-Pn¬ eIvN-d¿ Bbn-cn-°p-tºm-gmWv

^mdqJv tImtf-Pns‚ ]ckyw ImWp-∂-Xv. s]m^. Peo¬ Fgp-Xp∂p:

""D¬km-l-tØmSpw ]Xo-£-tbmSpw 1948 PqWn¬ Rm≥ ^tdm°v

sdbn¬sh tÃj-\n¬ h≠n-bn-d-ßn. ]e-tcmSpw At\z-jn-®n´pw tImtf-

Pn-s\-°p-dn®v B¿°pw Adn-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. tÃj\p apºn¬ kwi-bn®p

\n¬°p-tºmƒ Hcp Po∏v apºn¬ h∂p \n∂p. auehn A_p _mlv

AlvaZv Aen kmln-_mWv Po∏n-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Fs‚ ]tXyI thjw

50


I≠v kwi-bn®v \n¿Øn-b-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww. Rßƒ Hcp-an®v tImgn-t°mSv

ssltZmkv h°o-ens‚ hoń¬ t]mbn. A∂p cmXn Xs∂ tImtfPv

amt\-PnwKv IΩ-‰n-tbmKw tImgn-t°mSv \S-°p-∂ps≠∂pw AXn¬ ]s¶-

SpØ tijw Xncn®p t]mIm-sa∂pw Ah¿ ]d-™p. Rm≥ XmPval¬

tlm´-en¬ apdn-sb-Sp-Øp. t\cmw-hÆw Ipfn-°m≥ t]mepw kuI-cy-an-

√mØ B tlm´-ense Xmakw Ct∏mgpw Hm¿a-bn-ep-≠v. B‰-t°mb

Xß-fpsS hoń-emWv IΩ‰n tbmKw. Rm≥ FØn-t®¿∂ DSs\ Xe-

t»-cn-bn¬ \n∂v koXn kmln_pw FØn-t®¿∂p. Rßƒ Gsd t\cw

kwkm-cn-®p. tbmK-Øn¬ sh®p-≠mb Xocp-am-\-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬

Ckvemanb tImtf-Pn¬ \n∂v cmPn sh®v ^mdqJv tImtf-Pn¬ eIvN-d¿

Bbn tN¿∂p.

s]m^: Peo¬ ]n≥kn-∏mƒ

s]m^-k¿ Peo¬ A_p- -_m-lp-ambn IqSn-bm-tem-Nn®pw kl-I-

cn®pw ]h¿Øn-°m≥ ]tXyIw i≤n-®p. tImtf-Pn\v A¬`p-X-I-c-amb

hf¿®-bmWv At±-l-Øns‚ Ime-Øp-≠m-b-Xv . t\csØ sI. -

CkvamCu¬ kmln_v \n¿an® 40 apdn-I-fp≈ BkmZv tlmÃepw

A_vZp≈°pń lmPn \n¿an® \yqtlm-Ã-epw Ah-dm≥ Ipń-lmPn

\n¿an® t\m¿Øv CuÃv tlmÃ-ep-amWv tImtf-Pn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.

F∂m¬ Peo¬ kmln_v F.-e-£vaW kzman apX-en-bm-cpsS \ma-t[-b-

Øn¬ F.-F¬.-Fw.-tlm-Ã-epw, bp.-Pn.-kn. ≠v D]-tbm-Kn®v k¿ kønZv

tlmÃ-epw, amt\-PnwKv IΩ‰n ]kn-U-≠m-bn-cp∂ F.-sI.-Ip-™n-am-b≥

lmPn-bpsS kw`m-h-\-bmb ]kn-U≥kv tlmÃepw \n¿an-®p. C≥tUm-

-km-c-k≥ in¬]-Iem wKn-tbmsS \n¿an® cmPm-tK‰v cmPm A_vZp¬Jm-

Z¿ lmPn-bpsS kw`m-h-\-bm-Wv. bp\kvtIm slUv Izm¿t -gvkns‚ amXr-

I-bn¬ \n¿an® sabn≥ _n¬UnwKv ]WnXXpw Peo¬ kmln_ns‚

Ime-Øm-Wv. 1959 -˛¬ BWv ^mdqJv tImtf -Pn¬ BZy -ambn

s]ÏpńIƒ°v ]th-i\w \¬In-b-Xv. AXpw kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ ]Xn-

I-c-W-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ `bm-i-¶-I-tfm-sS. A∂v BsI tN¿∂ ]Xn-aq∂v

s]Ïp- n-I-fn¬ apkvenw s]Ïpń Htc Hcmƒ amXw. ]n∂oSv s]Ïp-

ń-Iƒ°v amX-ambn Hcp tlmÃ¬ ]Wn-Xp. aZmkv Kh¿sa‚ns‚ tIm˛-

Hm-∏-d-‰ohv luknwKv kvIoan¬ 14 Ãm^v tIm¿t´-gvkp-Iƒ ]Wn-Xp. bp.-

Pn.-kn. Km‚ v D]-tbm-Kn®v Bdv Izm¿t -gvkp-I-fp-ap-≠m-°n. bp.-Pn.-kn-bn¬

\n∂v In´m-hp∂ klm-b-ßƒ Hs° t\Sn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬ Peo¬

kmln_v Akm-am\y sshZ-Kv[y-amWv ImWn-®-Xv. Ip™men ac-°m¿

Ct‚m¿ tÃUnbw, kpthm-fPn Kth-jW tIμw, sl¬Øv sk‚¿,

tImtfPv Ku≠v, Im‚o≥ XpS-ßnb Ht´sd ]ptcm-K-Xn-Iƒ At±-l-

Øn\v t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m≥ Ign-™p. ^mdqJv tImtf-Pn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®v

51


koXn-km-ln_v satΩm-dn-b¬ _n¬Unw-Kn¬ A[ym-]I ]cn-io-e-\-Øn-

\mbn ^mdqJv ssS\nwKv tImtfPv Bcw-`n-®Xpw At±-l-Øns‚ Ime-

Øm-Wv. ]e UnKn, ]n.-Pn.-tIm-gvkp-Ifpw At±lw tImtf-Pn\v t\Sn-

s°m-Sp-Øp.

A_p- -_m-lns‚ kz]v\-ßƒ

A_p- -_mlv ÿm]n® duk-Øp¬ Depw F∂ hn⁄m\ ae¿hm-

Sn-bn¬ ]ns∂ A¬^mdqJv dkn-U≥jy¬ Cw•ojv aoUnbw ko\n-b¿

sk°-≠dn kvIqƒ (1991) A¬^m-dqJv FPp-t°-j≥ sk‚¿ (1991)

A¬^m-dqJv C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v knhn¬ k¿hokv FIvkm-an-t\-j≥,

A¬^m-dqJv πkvSp kvIqƒ, ^mdqJv C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v So®¿ FPp-t°-

j≥ (2005) F∂o ÿm]-\-ßƒ Db¿∂p h∂p.

A_p- -_mlv _m°n sh® kz]v\-ßƒ At±lw Xs∂ hnh-cn-

°p∂p: ""C\nbpw \ap°v ktlm-Z-cn-Iƒ°v th≠ ]tXyI ÿm]-\-

ßƒ, F©n-\o-b-dnwKv tImtf-Pv, saUn-°¬ tImtf-Pv, F√m-Xcw hn⁄m-

\-ßfpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Db¿∂ hnZym- ym-k-Øn-\p≈ ÿm]-\w, AXn¬

\n∂v hnZqc cmPy-ß-fn-te°v ]m]vXsc Ab-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ kwhn-[m-

\w, Hcp CkvemanI ]kn-≤o-I-c-Wm-ebw XpS-ßnb ]eXpw hfsc

AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. \mw A¥- p≈ Hcp Poh¬ kap-Zm-b-ambnØocm≥

Ch-sbms° AXym-h-iy-am-Wv.''

1979-˛¬ s]m^.-P-eo¬ Imen-°‰v bq\n-th-gvkn‰n sshkv Nm≥k-e-

dmbn \nb-an-X-\m-b-tijw ^mdqJv tImtf-Pns‚ ]n≥kn-∏mƒ ]Z-hn-

bn¬ s]m.-hn.-ap-l-Ω-Zv, s]m^. bp.-ap-l-Ω-Zv, tUm.-Sn.-sI.-ap-l-Ω-Zv, s]m^.-

hn.-hn.-Ip-™-_vZp≈, tUm.-]n.-Fw.-ap-_m-dIv ]mj, s]m.-F.-Ip-ým-en-°p-

ń, s]m.-C.-]n.-C-ºn-®n-t°mb F∂n-h¿ \nb-an-X-cm-bn.

s]m^.-P-eo¬ dn´-b¿sa‚n-\p-tijw tIcf hJ^v t_m¿Uv, km^n

C≥Ãn-‰yq´v F∂n-h-bpsS t\Xr-ÿm\w Gs‰-SpØv tkh\w sNbvXp.

2012 sk]vXw-_¿ 12 \v \ncym-X-\m-bn.

ae-_m-dnse G‰hpw ]K¬`cpw ]i-kvX-cp-amb hy‡n-I-fpsS tkh-

\hpw kl-I-c-Whpw mdqJv tImtf-Pn\v e`n-°p-∂-Xn\v A_p- -_mlv

i≤n-®n-cp-∂p.

]K¤ hy‡n-I-fpsS tkh\w

tImtf-Pns‚ amt\-PnwKv IΩ‰n ]kn-U-≠p-am-cmbn hnhn[ Ime-L-

´-ß-fn¬ Jm≥ _l-Zq¿ hn.-sI.-D-Wn-°Ωp kmln-_v, F.-sI.-Ip-™n-am-

b≥ lmPn, F.-sI.-Jm-Z¿Ip-ń, sI.-kn.-l-k≥Ip-ń, Fkv.-C-kvam-Cu¬,

]n.-sI. Al-vaZv F∂n-h¿ tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-®n-´p-≠v. ]Ya skI-´-dn-bmb

sI.-Fw.koXokm-ln_v 1947 apX¬ 1961¬ At±lw \ncym-X-\m-Ip-∂Xv

52


hsc B ÿm\Øv XpS¿∂p. tij-ap-≈ Ime-L-´-ß-fn¬ ]n.-sF.-Ip-

™-l-ΩZv Ipń lmPn, Fkv.-F.-Pn^vcn, sI.-kn.-l-k≥Ip-ń, sI.-hn.-Ip-

™-ΩZv tImb F∂n-h¿ ÿm\w Ae-¶-cn-®n-´p-≠v. A_p _m-lns‚

G‰hpw hniz-kvX-\mb hy‡nbpw hnZym-`ymk ]-h¿Ø-I-\p-am-bn-cp∂p

AUz.-Fw.-hn.-ssl-tZm-kns‚ ]pX≥ AUz.-Fw.-ap-l-ΩZv ]nXm-hns‚ ]mc-

ºcyw \ne-\n¿Øn tImtf-Pns‚ amt\-P-cmbn Ct∏mgpw tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-

°p-∂p. tImtfPv Bcw-`n-°p-tºmƒ AXns‚ Xmßpw XW-ep-ambn

]h¿Øn® NXp-»-‡n-Iƒ F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ A_vZp-≈-°pń

lmPn, Ah-dm≥ Ipń lmPn, Ckvam-Cu¬, lk≥ lmPn F∂o \mep-

t]-cpsS a°fpw _‘p-°-fpw, sI.-B¿.-F-kv.-kn.-]n.-Ip™napl-ΩZpw

hnhn[ IΩ-‰n-I-fn-embn tkh\-a-\p-jvTn-°p-∂p. aZn-cmin ]kn-U≥kn

tImtfPv ]n≥kn-∏mfpw hnZym- ymk hnN-£-W-\p-amb tUm.-A-_vZp¬l-

Jv, Imen-°‰v bq\n-th-gvkn‰n ]Ya sshkv Nm≥k-e-dmb s]m^.-Fw.-

Fw.-K\n F∂n-h¿ hnhn[ Ime-ß-fn-embn tImtfPv IΩ-‰n-bnse bq\n-

th-gvkn‰n ]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn \nb-an-X-cmbncp∂p. A_p- -_m-lns‚

ImesØ ^mdqJv tImtfPv A[ym-]-I-cn¬ Nμn-I-bn¬ \nc-¥-c-ambn

Fgp-Xn-bn-cp∂ ae-bmf Ihnbpw am∏n-f-∏m v cN-bn-Xm-hp-am-bn-cp∂ hnZzm≥

Sn.-kn.-a-Ωn, ae-bmf kmln-Xy-Im-c-\m-bn-cp∂ F.-]n.-]n.-\-ºq-Xn-cn, ]`m-

jW Ie-bn¬ ]i-kvX-\mb s]m^.-Fw.-F.-jp-°q¿, CkvemanI

kmºØnI imkvX-Øn¬ KŸ-ßƒ Fgp-Xnb s]m^.-Sn.-A-_vZp-≈,

s]m^.-]n.-A-_vZp-dlvam≥, a\x-imkvX hnZ-Kv≤≥ IqSn-bmb s]m^.-

ap-l-ΩZv lk≥ XpS-ßn-b-h¿ tIc-f-Øn¬ apgps° Adn-b-s∏´ s]m^-

k¿am-cm-Wv. ^mdqJv tImtfPv Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xn\v apºv Xs∂ A_p- -

_m-lp-ambn _‘-s∏-ń-cp∂ s]m^.-hn.-ap-l-ΩZv kmln_v Pohn-®n-cp∂

Ime-a-Xbpw Imº-kn-se∂ t]mse ]pdØpw \nd™p \n∂ hy‡n-Xz-

am-bn-cp-∂p. kmaqly ]h¿Ø-I≥, Jp¿-B≥ hnh¿Ø-I≥, J-Øo-_v,

\nL≠p \n¿am-Xm-hv, aX-]-t_m-[-I≥ F∂o \ne-s°√mw At±lw

Adn-b-s∏-´p.

A_p- _mlns‚ ImeØv Xs∂ ^mdqJv tImtfPv sXt° C¥y-

bnse Aen-K¿ F∂ hnti-j-W-Øn\pw Hcp UowUv bq\n-th-gvkn-‰n°pw

A¿lX t\Sn-bn-cp-∂p. kpc-`ne kq\-ßƒ \nd™ AXy¥w at\m-l-

c-amb ae¿hmSn F∂ kz]v\w ]q¿W-ambpw km£m¬°-cn-°m≥ A_p-

-_m-ln\v Pohn-X-Im-eØv Ign-™n-s√-¶nepw F°m-e-tØ°pw aXn-

bmb ASn-Ød ]Wn-bm-\pw ]n≥X-e-ap-d-°m¿°v A¬]w _m°n-sh®v

Gdnb ]¶pw ]q¿Øn-bm-°m\pw At±-l-Øn\v Ign-™p.

53


8.A_p- -_m-lns‚

hy‡nXz hnti-j-ßƒ

1. alm-]-fin-X≥; ]cn-jvI¿Ømhv

Iri-Km-X≥. Dbcw A[n-I-an-√. Kuchw ap‰-p∂ apJw. sNdnb XmSn.

Pzen-°p∂ IÆp-Iƒ. ]pd-Øn-d-ßp-tºmƒ ss]Pm-abpw j¿hm-\nbpw

Xp¿°n-sXm-∏nbpw. A¥- p≈ thjw \n¿_-‘w. kpK‘w han-°pw.

I≠m¬ Bcnepw BZcw Df-hm-Ipw˛ CXmWv auem\m A_p- -_m-

lns‚ ]pdw ImgvN-bnse cq]w. AKm-[-⁄m-\-ap≈ ]ptcm-K-a\ Nn¥-

I-\mb Hcp ]fin-X≥ At±-l-Øns‚ D≈n¬ IpSn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. tIc-f-

Øn¬ ]mc-º-cy-co-Xn-bn¬ ]≈n Z¿kp-I-fn¬ ]T\w ]q¿Øn-bm-°n. ]ns∂

temI-Ønse G‰hpw ]g-°-ap≈ aX-]-T\ tIμ-amb A¬ Akvl¿

k¿h-I-em-im-e-bn¬ ]Øp h¿jw ]Tn-®p. A°mew A¬ Akvldn¬

apl-ΩZv A_vZp krjvSn® ]cn-jv°-cW Nn¥ A[ym-]-Iscbpw

hnZym¿∞n-I-sfbpw G‰hpw A[nIw kzm[o-\n® kμ¿`-am-bn-cp-∂p.

AXvsIm≠v Xs∂ A_p- -_mlv ]ptcm-K-a-\m-i-b-ap≈ Hcp ]cn-

jvI¿Øm-hm-bmWv tIc-f-Øn¬ ]Xy-£-s∏-´-Xv. a‰p apkvenw ]fin-X-

∑m-cn¬ \n∂v hyXy-kvX-amb Hcp ho£-Whpw ssienbpw At±lw

kzoI-cn-®p.

Jp¿-B-\n¬ AKm-[-⁄m\w

hnip≤ Jp¿-Bs‚ Bg-Øn-ep≈ ]T-\hpw Nn¥-bp-am-bn-cp∂p

At±lØns‚ apJ-ap-Z. tIc-f-Øn¬ A∂v ]fin-X-∑m¿°n-S-bn¬ \ne-

hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ I¿a-im-kvX-]-c-amb X¿°-ß-fn-sem∂pw At±lw CS-

s]-´n-√. AtX Ah-kcw hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ Db¿Øn-°m-Wn-°p∂

auenI kn≤m-¥-amb Xulo-Zn¬ ASn-bp-d®v \ne-sIm-≠p. aX-]-fin-

X-∑m¿ Ah-cpsS apgp-h≥ i≤bpw sNdnb Imcy-ß-fn-te°v Xncn®p

hn´v henb Imcy-ß-sf Ah-K-Wn-°p∂ ]h-W-Xsb At±lw A]-e-

54


]n-®p. CXv X¿°hnX¿°-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-´n-cp∂ ]ptcm-K-a\ hmZn-I-sf∂v

Ah-Im-i-s∏-´n-cp∂ Nne ]fin-X-∑m-cpsS FXn¿∏v £Wn®p hcp-Øn.

sI. -Fw. -au-e-hn -bpsS ]Xm-[n -]-Xy-Øn¬ ]kn-≤o-I-cn -®n -cp∂

"A¬ap¿inZv' amkn-I-bn¬ At±lw Bh-iy-s∏-´-X-\p-k-cn®v A_p- -

_mlv Ad-_n-bn¬ Fgp-Xnb teJ-\-Øn¬ tIc-f-Ønse aX-]-fin-X-

∑m¿ aX-]-c-amb X¿°-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏´v ka-bhpw Ignhpw \jvS-s∏-Sp-

Øp-Ibpw kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ hnZym-`ym-k-˛-km-aqly ]ptcm-K-Xn°v th≠n

]h¿Øn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ ]h-W-Xsb A]-e-]n-®p. CXv

krjvSn® tImfn-f°w Ipd-s®m-∂p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. teJ-\-Ønse Nne

]tbm-K-ßƒ hymI-c-W-\n-b-a-ßƒ°v hncp-≤-am-sW∂v Nq≠n-°m-Wn®

Nne¿°v, A_p- -_m-lns‚ ]tbmKw Xs∂-bmWv icn F∂v a‰p Nne¿

A¬ap¿in-Zn¬ Xs∂ adp-]Sn FgpXn. aX-]-c-amb A`n-]mb `n∂-X-

bn¬ At±lw `mK-`m-°m-bn-cp-∂n-s√-¶nepw aX-hn-j-b-ß-fn¬ ^Xvhm

tNmZn®p sIm≠v At±-lsØ kao-]n-°p-∂-h¿s°√mw ]am-W-ß-fpsS

ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ bp‡n`Z-amb ^XvhmIfmWv auem\m \¬In-bn-cp-

∂-X v . ]bm -k-ßsf eLqIcn -°pI F∂Xv At±lw Xs‚

^XvhmIfpsS ASn-ÿm\ XXz-ambn kzoI-cn-®n-cp-∂p. Hcp Zp¿_e \nan-

j-Øn¬ Htc Ccp-∏n¬ samgn aq∂pw sNm√n IpSp-ßnb Nne¿ ]iv\-]-

cn-lm-c-Øn-\mbn At±-lsØ kao-]n-°p-tºmƒ AXns\ Hcp Xzem-Jmbn

IW-°m°n Xncn-s®-SpØv _‘w ]p\x-ÿm-]n-°m-sa-∂mWv At±lw

\¬In-bn-cp∂ aX-hn-[n. ]g-a-bpsS auen-I-Xbpw B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS Nn¥m-

ku-μ-cyhpw ka-\z-bn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp kao-]\ coXn Jp¿-B≥ hymJym-\n-

°p-∂-Xn-se-∂-t]mse aX-hn-j-b-ßƒ ssIImcyw sNøp-∂-Xnepw A_p-

-_mlv kzoI-cn-®p. knlvdv _m[bv°v NnIn’ tXSn-sb-Øp-∂-h¿°pw

At±lw a\-»m-kvX-]-c-amb acp∂v \¬Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p.

Ad-_n-`m-j-bnse sshZKv≤yw

Ad-_n-`m-j-bn¬, hnti-jn®pw B[p-\nI Ad-_n-bn¬ A_p- -_m-

ln-\p≈ Ignhv \n o-a-ambncp∂p. At±-l-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v Bib

hn\nabw \S-Ønb Ad_v kμ¿i-I-sc√mw CXn¬ aXn∏v ]I-Sn-∏n-®n-

´p-≠v. D]a-I-fpw Ae¶m-c-ß-fp-ap≈ kpμ-c-amb kmln-Xy-ssi-en. Ad-

_n-I-fp-ambn IØn-S-]m-Sp-Iƒ \S-Øp-tºmgpw tImtf-Pns‚ hnhn[ Bh-

iy-ßƒ°mbn At]-£-Iƒ ka¿∏n-°p-tºmgpw CXv ]Im-c-am-bn-cp-∂p.

¢ms -Sp-°p-tºmƒ ]kwK ssien-bn¬ kv^pSw sNbvX hm°p-Iƒ

tIm¿Øn-W-°nb sIm®p-hm-N-I-ß-fmWv At±lw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I.

auem\m tIc-f-Øn¬ hcp-tºmƒ ChnsS B[p-\nI Ad_n en]n

]NmcØn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. AXvsIm≠v A_p- -_m-lns‚ BI¿j-

I-amb Ad_n en]n A\p-I-cn-°m≥ ]e-cpw˛ hnti-jn®pw duk-Øp¬

55


Deq-anse At±-l-Øns‚ injy-∑m¿-˛-Xn-Sp°w ImWn-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

]kn≤ Ad_n ]fin-X\pw ]Xn-t\gv Ad_n KŸ-ß-fpsS I¿Øm-

hp-amb tUm.-aplvb±o≥ Bep-hmbn At±-l-Øns‚ Hc-\p-`hw Cßs\

hnh-cn-°p∂p: ""hmg-°mSv Zmdp¬ Deq-an¬ ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ Rm≥ Nne-t∏mƒ

Im¬\-S-bmbn (A∂v bmXm-ku-Icyw Ipd-hm-bn-cp-∂p) at©-cn-bnse

duk-Øp¬ Deq-an-te°v t]mIpw˛ A_p- -_m-lns‚ Ad-_n-bn-ep≈

¢m v tIƒ°m\pw dpJvCu en]n-bn¬ ªmIv t_m¿Un¬ At±lw Fgp-

Xp-∂Xv ImWm\pw th≠n. A∂v tIc-f-Øn¬ Cu en]n ssIImcyw

sNøp∂ GI ]fin-X≥ At±-l-am-bn-cp-∂p. CuPn-]vXnse aAvlZp¬

JpXqXn (en]n ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ ÿm]-\w) ¬ \n∂mWv At±lw AXv ]Tn-

®-Xv.''

hnZym-`ymk]-h¿Ø-I-\mb aX-]-fin-X≥

A_p- -_mlv a‰p-]-e-cn¬ \n∂pw hyXy-kvX-\mbn hn⁄m-\-tem-

IØv amXw HXpßn \n¬°msX k¿ kønZv AlvaZvJms\-t∏mse

hnZym-`ymk \thm-∞m\w krjvSn-°m≥ P\-a-≤y-Øn-en-dßn ]h¿Øn-

°p∂ aX-]-fin-X-\m-bn-cp-∂p. auem\m apl-ΩZv Aen-bmWv At±-lsØ

apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ ]ptcm-K-Xn°v th≠n tkh\w A¿∏n-°p∂

]fin-X-\m-Im≥ D]-tZ-in-®-Xv. mdq-Jm-_m-Zn¬ Xe Db¿Øn \n¬°p∂

hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-ß-sf√mw At±-l-Øns‚ al-Ømb Pohn-X-Øn-

s‚bpw tkh-\-Øns‚bpw \nXykvamc-I-ß-fm-Wv. a°-bnse dm_n-Xz-

Øp¬ Be-an¬ Ckveman (apkvenw thƒUv eoKv) A_p- -_m-lns‚

al-Ømb ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°p≈ AwKo-Im-c-sa∂ \ne°v kpDuZn Atd-

_y-bnse bq\n-th-gvkn-‰n-bn¬ D]cn ]T\w \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v A_p- -_m-

lns‚ t]cn¬ Hcp kvtImf¿jn∏v G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. CXn\v BZy-

ambn sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ lpssk≥ aS-hq¿ DΩp¬ Jpdm-bq-\n-thgvkn‰n-

bn¬ D]-cn-]-T\w \S-Øn. ]ns∂ a°-bn¬ ]hmk PohnXw \bn® `mc-

Xob ]fin-X-∑m-sc-∏‰n Kth-jWw \SØn tUmIvS-td‰v t\Sn. amXr-

ÿm-]-\-Øn-te°v Xncn-s®Øn AXn¬ A[ym-]-I\pw ]n≥kn-∏m-fp-am-

bn. Ad-_n-t°m-tf-Pn-s‚bpw ^mdqJv tImtf-Pn-s‚bpw sse_-dn-Iƒ°v

A_p- -_m-lns‚ t]cv \¬In-bXv amdn amdn hcp∂ A[ym-]-I,

hnZym¿∞n Xe-ap-d-I-sf√mw At±-lsØ hmbn®v ]tNm-Z\w Dƒs°m-

≈m-\m-Wv.

hn⁄m\t]aw imkvX-t_m[w

hn⁄m\ IpXp-In-bmb A_p- -_m-lns‚ hmb-\m-t]aw hnkva-b-

I-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. sse_-dn-bn-ep≈ Hmtcm ]pkvX-I-sØ-∏-‰nbpw At±-l-

Øn\v hi-ap-≠m-Ipw. Hcn°¬ t_mws_-bn¬ \n∂v aq∂v hmfy-ß-fp≈

56


Hcp ]pXnb Ad_n \nL≠p At±lw hcp-Øn-®p. FX thK-Øn-emWv

GXm\pw t]Pp-Iƒ AXn¬ Ipd-hm-Wv -F∂v At±lw I≠p-]n-Sn-®-Xv.

]pXnb ]pkvX-I-ßƒ hcpØn H∂p ItÆm-Sn-°p-I-sb-¶nepw sNbvX

tijtam At±lw sse_-dn-bn¬ tN¿°m≥ hn´p-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bp-≈p.

sh√q¿ tlmkv]n-‰-ente°v hnZKv≤ NnIn-’-°mbn t]mIp-tºmƒ

tcmKiø-bn¬ InS∂v hmbn-°m≥ kmwkvIm-cnI ]m[m-\y-ap≈ Ad_n

KŸ-ß-fpsS Hcp sI´pw At±lw IqsS sIm≠p-t]m-bn. NμnI Zn\-

]Xw Xm¬]-cy-]q¿Δw hmbn-°pw. Ah-km-\-Im-eØv hmbn-°m≥ ]bm-

k-am-b-t∏mƒ Ip´n-I-sf-s°m≠v hmbn-∏n®v tIƒ°pw. a\p-jy≥ BZy-

ambn Nμ-\n¬ Imep-Ip-Ønb Znhkw tImtf-Pn\v Ah[n \¬In. AXv

kw_-‘-ambn \¬Inb t\m´okn¬ ""BIm-i-ß-fnepw `qan-bn-ep-ap-≈Xv

A√mlp \nßƒ°v A[o-\-s∏-SpØn X∂n-cn-°p∂p'' F∂ Jp¿-B≥

hmIyw tN¿Øn-cp-∂p. imkvX-cw-KsØ a\p-jys‚ ]pXnb I≠p-]n-Sp-

Ø-ßsf∏‰n At±lw kZm hnZym¿∞n-Isf t_m[-hm-∑m-cm-°p-am-bn-

cp∂p.

I£n-Xz-Øn-\-Xo-X≥

apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Ønse aX-]-c-amb I£n-Xz-Øn-\-Xo-X-amb D∂-X-

hy-‡n-Xz-Øns‚ DS-abmbncp∂p A_p- -_m-lv. AXvsIm≠v Xs∂

F√m hn`m-K-°mcpw At±-lsØ BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw

At±-l-Øns‚ hnZym- ymk ]h¿Ø-\-ßsf ]n¥p-W-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

]t£, Xulo-Zns‚ hnj-b-Øn¬ bmsXmcp hn´p hogvNbpw ImWn-

°mØ ]ptcm-K-a\ Nn¥-I-\m-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. cmjvSo-b-ambn apkvenw

eoKn-t\m-Sp≈ B`n-apJyw At±lw Xpd∂p ]d-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. apkvenw

eoKns‚ kap-∂-X-cmb t\Xm-°ƒ XpS°w apX¬t° At±-l-Øns‚

tkh\ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v t]m’m-l-\hpw ]n¥p-Wbpw \¬In. _n.-

hn.-A-_vZp-≈-t°mb Fw.-]n.-A-h-km\w hsc duk-Øp¬ Deqw Atkm-

kn-tb-j≥ saº-dm-bn-cp-∂p.

A_p- -_mlv hnZym¿∞n-I-fn¬ aX-]-ctam cmjvSo-btam Bb Hcp

I£nXz Nn¥bpw hf¿Øp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. PamAsØ Ckveman AS°w

F√m apkvenw kwL-S-\-I-fp-ambpw At±lw kulr-Z-_‘w ]pe¿Øn.

kp∂n-˛-ap-Pm-ln-Zv-˛-P-am-AØv t\Xm-°-sf√mw At±-l-sØ kμ¿in-°p-

Ibpw D]-tZiw tXSp-Ibpw sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂p. sI.-kn.-A-_vZp≈ aue-hn-

bp-am-bpw sI.-D-a¿ aue-hn-bp-ambpw ]tXy-I-_-‘-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

PamAØv A\p-Iq-en-I-fmb Nne hnZym¿∞n-Isf Hcp Ad-_n-t°m-tf-

Pn¬ \n∂v ]pd-Øm-°n-b-t∏mƒ duk-Øp¬ Deq-an¬ Ah¿°v A`bw

\¬In-bXv henb hna¿i-\-Øn\pw H®-∏m-Sn\pw Imc-W-am-bn. \∑-Iƒ

sNøp-tºmƒ kaq-l-Øns‚ GsX-¶nepw Hcp tImWn¬ \n∂v hna¿i-

57


\-ap-≠m-Ip-tºmƒ AXns‚ t\sc £a ssIsIm≠v Xs‚ tkh-\-]m-

X-bn-eqsS apt∂m´v \oß-W-sa∂v At±lw hnZym¿∞n-I-tfmSv D]-tZ-in-

°p∂p: ""\ΩpsS Pohn-Xhpw A≤zm-\hpw \ap°pw IpSpw-_-Øn\pw

th≠n amXw ]cn-an-X-am-hp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ \mapw arK-ßfpw XΩn¬ henb

hyXym-k-ap-s≠∂v ]d-bm-h-X-√. \mw ac-ß-fpsS XW-en¬ Biz-kn-

°p∂p; Ah-bpsS Ce, sImºv, XSn F∂nh sIm≠v ]tbm-P\w A\p-

`-hn-°p-∂p. I√pw hSnbpw sIm≠v Ahsb Fdn-™mepw Ah \ap°v

Xcp∂Xv ]g-ß-fm-Wv. krjvSn-I-fn¬ sh®v G‰hpw tijvT-\mb a\p-

jy≥ ac-tØ-°mƒ \√h\pw a‰p-≈-h¿°v D]-Im-c-s∏´h\p-am-tI-≠-

Xt√? Xs‚ PohnXw sIm≠v a‰p-≈-h¿°v Hcp ]tbm-P-\-hp-an-s√-¶n¬

]ns∂ F¥v tijvT-X-bmWv Ah-\p-≈-Xv.'' Cßs\ tkh\\nc-X-amb

Hcp PohnXw \bn-°m\pw FXn¿∏p-I-sf-sb√mw Ah-K-Wn-°m-\p-amWv

A_p- -_mlv Blzm\w sNøp-∂-Xv.

BcpsS apºnepw Xe-Ip-\n-°msX A¥-t msS \ne-sIm-≈m\pw

thj-Ønepw s]cp-am-‰-Ønepw am\yX ]pe¿Øm\pw At±lw hnZym¿-

∞n-Isf D]-tZ-in-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu KpWhnti-j-ßƒ°v At±lw

Hcp amXr-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. AXvsIm≠v Xs∂-bmWv [\m-Vy-∑mcpw

cmjvSob t\Xm-°fpw hnZym-k-º-∂-cmb D∂X hy‡n-Xz-ß-fp-sa√mw

At±-l-Øns‚ kμ¿i-I-cm-bn-Øo¿∂-Xpw.

2. amXr-Im-tbm-Ky-\mb A[ym-]-I≥

ImSv hn´v \m´n-en-d-ßnb tijw A_p- -_mlv Hc-≤ym-]-I-\m-bmWv

PohnXw Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xv. A¥yw hscbpw B X]ky XpS¿∂p. ]Y-a-

ambpw Xs‚ PohnXZuXyw hn⁄m-\hpw [m¿anIt_m[-hp-ap≈ Hcp

Xe-ap-dsb hm¿sØSp-°p-I-bm-sW∂v At±lw hniz-kn-®p. tImtfPv

\S-Øn-∏n\pw tlmÃ-en¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂-h¿°v kuP-\y-ambn `£Ww

\¬Ip-∂-Xn\pw sI´n-S-ßfpw kuI-cy-ßfpw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw Bh-

iy-amb ]Ww tiJ-cn-t°≠ mcn® DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw Hcp A[ym-]-I-s\∂

\ne-°p≈ Xs‚ Npa-Xe IrXy-ambn \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xn\v XS- -am-Im-

Xn-cn-°m≥ At±lw \∂mbn i≤n-®p. tImtfPn-te°v \S∂p hcm≥

Ign-bmØ hn[w Btcm-Ky-\ne tami-am-b-t∏mƒ hoSv ¢mkv dqw Bbn

am‰p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ¢m v \S-°p-∂n-Xn-\n-S°v At±-lsØ kμ¿in-°m≥

hcp-∂-h¿ FX henbhcm-Is´ ]pdØv ImØv \n¬°p-I-b-√msX

At±lw \n›nX ka-b-Øn\v apºv ¢m v \n¿Øn ]pdØv hcp∂ ]iv\-

ta -bn -√. IrXyX ]men -°p∂ A_p- -_m-lns‚ ¢mkn¬ H‰

hnZym¿∞n°pw kabw sX‰n-h-cm≥ ss[cy-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. auem\m

58


¢m n¬ ]-th-in-®m¬ ]ns∂ kqNn hoWm¬ Adn-bp∂ \n»-_vZ-X-

bmWv. Kmwòcyw ap‰n\n¬°p∂ `‡n\n¿`-c -amb A¥-co£w.

hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ IÆpw ImXpw Iq¿∏n®v At±-l-Øns‚ samgn-Iƒ i≤n-

°pw.

A[ym-]\ coXn

Jp¿B≥ hymJym-\-amWv ¢m nse hnj-bw. BZy-ambn A∂v ]Tn-

∏n-°m≥ t]mIp∂ Bb-Øp-Iƒ ]mcm-bW\nb-a-ßƒ ]men®v Km\m-

fl-I-ambn HmXp-∂p. ]ns∂ ip≤ Ad-_n-bn-ep≈ Hcp ]`m-jW ]hm-

l-am-Wv. Jp¿-B≥ Bi-b-ß-fpsS Bg-ß-fn-te-°n-dßn Ahn-SsØ

apØp-Iƒ s]dp-°n-sb-SpØv hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v \¬Ip-∂p. Ahsc ]Tn-

∏n-°p-∂-Xn-ep-]cn Nn¥n-∏n-°p-I-bmWv At±lw sNøp-I. CS°v kwi-

b-ßƒ D∂-bn-t°-≠Xv \n¿_‘w. Cs√-¶n¬ tNmZy-ßƒ Ah-cpsS

apºn-te-s°-dn™v Ahsc Be-ky-Øn¬ \n∂v DW¿Øpw. BIm-i-

Øn\v Iogn-ep≈ F√m hnj-b-sØ-∏-‰nbpw ¢m n¬ N¿®-Iƒ Db¿∂p

hcpw. N¿®-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°msX au\n-bm-bn-cn-°p∂h¿°v IW-°n\v

In´pw. ¢m v Ign™v ]pdØp hcp-tºmƒ CXv hsc GtXm A⁄m-X-

amb hn⁄m\ temI-Øm-bn-cp∂p Xß-sf∂ ]Xo-Xn-bmWv hnZym¿∞n-

Iƒ°p-≠m-hp-I.

A_p- -_mlv F∂ A[ym]-I≥ ssIImcyw sNøp∂ as‰mcp

][m\ hnjbw Ad_n D]-\ymk cN-\-bm-Wv. BZy-ambn hnjbw \√

kmln-Xy-ssi-en-bn¬ \me©v hmIy-ß-fn-embn kpμ-c-amb en]n-bn¬

t_m¿Un¬ Fgp-Xpw. N¿® sNtø≠ hnj-b-Øns‚ F√m hi-ßfpw

B Fgp-Øn¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°pw. hnZym¿∞nIƒ t_m¿Un¬ \n∂v

IuXpIw \nd™ B en]n Aßs\Øs∂ t\m´v _p°n¬ ]I¿Øpw.

lnPvd XnøXnb√msX ¢m n¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bn-√. BZy-Im-e-ß-fn¬

]pXp-h-’c Zn\-amb apldw H∂n\v tImtf-Pn\v Ah[n \¬Ip-am-bn-cp-

∂p. lnPvd XnøXn tNmZn-®m¬ ]d-bm≥ Ign-™n-s√-¶n¬ Ip-ń-Iƒ°v

\√ iImcw In´pw. ¢m n¬ Ad_nbne-√msX kwkm-cn-°m≥ ]mSn-

s√∂v ]th-i\ Ihm-S-Øn¬ Fgp-Xn-sh-®n-´p-≠m-Ipw.

Adn-hn-t\m-sSm∏w in£-Whpw

hnZym¿∞n-I-fn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw ]tXyI Ign-hp-Iƒ I≠m¬ AXw-

Ko-I-cn-°p-Ibpw t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. CS-bv°nsS Kpcp-hns‚

hoń¬ sN∂v kμ¿in-t°-≠Xv \n¿_-‘w. Nmb \¬In k¬°-cn-

°msX Bscbpw hnSp-I-bn-√. Npdp-Np-dp°w ipjvIm-¥nbpw ImWn-°p∂

Ipń-I-sf-bmWv ]e-t∏mgpw Fs¥-¶nepw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßƒ G¬]n-°p-

I. hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ Bcm-bn-cn-°-Ww, Fß-s\-bm-bn-cn-°Ww F∂ hnj-

59


b-Øn¬ At±-l-Øn\v Hcp Dƒ°m-gvN-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ¢m n¬ Xe-bn¬

Pn∂m-tI∏v [cn-°¬ \n¿_-‘w. j¿ńs‚ _´-\n-SmsX I≠m¬ ISpØ

iImcw In´pw. XmSn apf-®m¬ hf¿Ø¬ \n¿_-‘w. apSn°v anX-amb

\ofw amXta ]mSp-≈p. Xe ad-°msX ]≈n-bn¬ Cam-ambn \n¬°m≥

A\p-h-Zn-°p-I-bn-√. alm-∑m-cmb ]q¿hnI ]fin-X-∑m-sc√mw \a-kvIm-

c-Øn¬ amX-a√ P\-k-Z- p-I-fnepw Xe-a-d-°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p, At±lw

hnZym¿∞n-Isf DW¿Øpw. cmhnse kp_vlv \a-kvIm-c-Øn\v tijw

tlmÃ¬ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v Jp¿-B≥ ]mcm-bWw \n¿_-‘w. cmhnse

cl-ky-ambn tlmÃ¬ ]cn-k-cØv IqsS \S∂p CXv ]cn-tim-[n-°p-Ibpw

sNøpw. bq\n-th-gvkn‰n Xe-Øn¬ \mj-\¬ k¿hokv kvIow t]mep≈

kwhn-[m-\-ßsfm∂pw \ne-hn-en-√m-Xn-cp∂ A°m-eØv hnZym¿∞n-Ifn¬

kmaq-ly-tk-h\ at\m-`mhw hf¿Øm≥ Ah¿°v tImtfPv tImºu-

≠ns‚ aXn¬ \n¿am-Ww, sXßn≥ ssX sh°¬, sIńS \n¿am-W-Øn-

\m-h-iy-amb I√v IS-Ø¬, tdmUv \n¿am-Ww XpSßnb ]hr-Øn-I-sf√mw

hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ Ah-cpsS ]n≥kn-∏mƒ Bb A_p- -_mlv aue-hn-

bpsS ta¬t\m-´-Øn¬ sNøpw. Hcp I≈n aps≠-SpØv ]n≥kn∏mƒ

IqsS-bp-≠m-Ipw. tlmÃ-en¬ _ncn-bmWn, s\bvt®m¿ XpS-ßnb hntij

`£-W-ap-≠m-°p-tºmƒ At±lw Xs∂ ASp-°-f-bn¬ h∂v ]mN-I-Øn\v

t\XrXzw sImSp-°pw. Hcp \√ ]mN-I-°m-c-\m-bn-cp∂p A_p- -_mlv

F∂v ]d-™m¬ sX‰n-√.

hnZym¿∞n kvt\lw

hnZym¿∞n-Isf AKm-[-ambn kvt\ln-°p∂ Hcp A[ym-]-I-s\-bmWv

A_p- -_m-ln¬ ImWp-I. Hcp ]q¿h hnZym¿∞n ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬

At±lw Ahsc A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn®p kwkm-cn-°m≥ Fgp-t∂-‰-t∏mƒ hnIm-

cm-[o-\-\mbn s]mń-°-c-™p. ""\nß-tfmSv Rm≥ ]cp-j-ambn s]cp-am-dn-

bn-´p-s≠-∂pw \nßsf ITn-\-ambn Bt£-]n-°p-Ibpw ipWvTn-sb-Sp-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-s≠∂pw F\n°v Xs∂ Adn-bmw. Ah-sb√mw Fs‚

sshI-ey-ßfpw Zu¿_-ey-ßfpw sX‰p-I-fp-am-bn-cn-°mw. Ch-sb√mw

\nßƒ F\n°v am∏v sNbvXv Xcp-sa∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂p. Cu kz`m-h-ß-

sf√mw F∂n¬ Ds≠-¶nepw Rm≥ \nß-sf hfscb[nIw kvt\ln-

°p∂p F∂-XmWv ]c-am¿∞w. Fs‚ G‰hpw henb Aò-jvShpw Ft∏m-

gp-ap≈ ]m¿∞-\bpw \nßƒ Ckvemans‚ G‰hpw \√ amXr-I-I-fmbn

Jp¿-B≥ hc®p ImWn-°p-Ibpw dkq¬ ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX

bYm¿∞ ]Ÿm-hn¬ Pohn®v P\-ßsf tkhn-°-W-sa∂XmWv''˛ A_p-

-_mlv ]q¿h hnZym¿∞n-I-tfm-Sv.

hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ Ah-cpsS Cu hμyKpcp-hns\ "ssiJp\m' F∂mWv

A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv˛ Kpcp-h-μ-\hpw kvt\lhpw IS-∏mSpw

60


F√mw AS-ßnb _lp-am\kqN-I-amb Hcp ]Zw.

t\Xr-Xz-ØnseØnb injy-∑m¿

A_p- -_m-lns‚ in£Ww e`n® injy-∑m-cn¬ ]ecpw Db¿∂

ho£-W-ap-≈-hcpw kaq-l-Øn¬ D∂X ÿm\w t\Sn-b-h-cp-am-Wv.

]ikvXcmb \mep t\Xm-°-fpsS t]cp-Iƒ ChnsS DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v

Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-I-bm-Wv. duk-Øp¬ Deqw Ad-_n-t°m-tfPv Bcw-`n®

1942 se ]Ya t_®v hnZym¿∞n-bm-bn-cp∂ kn.-]n.-A-_q-_-°¿ auehn,

Ad_n tImtfPv ]n≥kn-∏mƒ, a[pc ]`m-j-W-Øns‚ DSa tImgn-

t°mSv aplvb±o≥ ]≈n JØo_v F∂o ]Z-hn-I-sf-√m-ap≈ ]fin-X≥.

]-am-Z-amb Hcp ]≈n-t°- n¬ aX-\n-b-a-ß-sf-∏-‰n-bp≈ At±-l-Øns‚

bp‡n-`-Z-amb hmZ-ßƒ PUvPn AwKo-I-cn®v A\p-Iq-e-ambn hn[n-®p.

aX-]-kw-K-th-Zn-I-fnepw ktΩ-f-\-ß-fnepw kn.-]n.-bpsS km∂n[yw Hcp

Ae-¶mcambn-cp-∂p.

c≠m-asØ ]Xn-`m-im-en 1953 ¬ duk-Øn¬ \n∂v A^vk-ep¬

Deam _ncpZw t\Sn ]pdØp h∂ tijw Aen-K¿ bq\n-th-gvkn-‰n-bn¬

\n∂v amÃ¿ _ncpZw kºm-Zn®p aºmSv Fw.-C.-Fkv tImtfPv ]n≥kn-

∏mƒ, NμnI Zn\-]X-Øns‚ apJy-]-Xm-[n-]¿, sI.-F≥.-Fw. ]-kn-U≠v

F∂o \ne-s°√mw tkh\w sNbvX s]m^. a¶S A_vZp¬ Akokv

aue-hn-bm-Wv. Ncn-X-K-th-j-I\pw kmln-Xy-Im-c-\p-amb At±lw I\-

s∏´ ]e KŸ-ßfpw ssIc-fn°v kw`m-h\ sNbvXn-´p-≠v. 1961 ¬ duk-

Øp¬ Deq-an¬ \n∂v _ncp-Z-sa-SpØ ]fin-X-\mWv sI.-F≥.-Fw.-sk-

I-´-dnbpw Adn-b-s∏´ aX-]-`m-j-I-\p-w kwLm-SI ka¿∞\pamb F.-

]n.-A-_vZp¬ JmZ¿ aue-hn. D÷z-e-\mb hm‹n, \m¬]-Xn-e-[nIw KŸ-

ß-fpsS I¿Øm-hv, Pam-AsØ Ckveman Akn: Aao¿ F∂o \ne-

s°√mw Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ssiJv apl-ΩZv Imc-°p∂v A_p- -_m-lns‚

injy\pw Adp-]-Xp-I-fpsS HSp-hnse _ncp-Z-[m-cn-bp-am-Wv. duk-Øns‚

k¥-Xn-bmb tUm.-ho-cm≥ sambvXo≥ Ad_n ˛ ae-bmf \nL≠p AS-

°-ap≈ ]e KŸ-ß-fpsS I¿Ømhpw cmjvS-]-Xn-bpsS ]pc-kvImcw

t\Snb ]fin-X-\p-am-Wv.

A_p- -_m-lns‚ BZy-Ime injy-∑m-cn¬ Cßs\ D∂X tiWn-

bn-se-Ønb FXtbm ]K¤aXn-I-fp-≠v.

3. BiaXpey-amb sIm®pKrl-Øn¬

k\ym-km-i-a-Øn\v Xpey-amb Hcp sIm®p ho´n-emWv auehn Xma-

kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. ]t£ kμ¿i-I-scm-gn™ kμ¿`w A]q¿hw. alm-∑m-

cmb aX-]-fin-X-∑m¿, cmjvSo-b-t\-Xm-°ƒ, kap-Zmb \mb-I-∑m¿ hnZym-

61


`ymk hnN-£-W¿, ]uc-ap-Jy-∑m¿ XpS-ßn-b-h-scms° \nXy-k-μ¿i-I-

cm-bn-cn-°pw. auem\m A_p¬l-k≥ Aen \Zvhn, CuPn-]vXnse

A_vZp¬ ap≥Cw \an¿, A_vZp¬ Ben AJ-_m-hn, ]kn≤ Ad_n

Ihn A_vZp≈ asse-_m-cn, koXn kmln-_v, _m^Jn Xßƒ, kn.-

F®v XpS-ßnb FXtbm alm-∑m¿ kμ¿in® hoSv. kp]-[m-\-amb ]e

IΩn‰n ao‰nw-Kp-Iƒ°pw Xocp-am-\-ßƒ°pw B hoSv km£n-bm-bn-´p-≠v.

GXv sNdnb Ipń°pw GXv kabØpw AhnsS ]th-in-°m-am-bn-cp-∂p.

F∂m¬ At±lw \a-kvI-cn-°p∂ ka-bØv Bsc-¶nepw hcp-∂Xv Xosc

CjvS-s∏-ń -cp-∂n-√. Jp¿-B≥ ]mcm-bWw ]pd-tØ°v tIƒ°pw.

hnZym¿∞nIƒ _‘-s∏-Sp-∂-Xnepw Ah-cp-ambn N¿® sNøp-∂-Xnepw

]tXyI Xm¬]-cy-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp ]t£ AXv A¬ Akvl-dn-ep≈

Xs‚ A\p-`-h-Øns‚ kzm[o-\-am-bn-cn°mw.

AXnYn k¬°mcØn¬ Ad_nIfpsS amXr-I-bmWv At±lw kzoI-

cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. DZm-c-amb a\- v. t\mºvXpd- hn-cp-∂n¬ ]e-t∏mgpw

AapkvenwIfpw ]s¶-Sp-°pw. hoń¬ At±lw ]ip-hn-s\bpw BSn-s\bpw

Hs° hf¿Øp∂ Hcp I¿j-I-\mb IpSpw-_-\m-Y-\m-bmWv Nne-t∏mƒ

ImW-s∏-Sp-I. ]ip-hns‚ Ib¿ ]nSn®p tImtfPv hf-∏n¬ AXns\ ]p√v

Xo‰n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. Bń≥Ipńsb Hma\n-°p-Ibpw AXn-t\mSv In∂mcw

]d-bp-Ibpw sNøpw. AXn-cm-hnse A_p- -_m-lns‚ hoń¬ sN√p-∂-

h¿°v IuXp-I-I-c-amb ImgvN-Iƒ ImWm-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]nXmhpw a°-fpw

Nncn®pw Ifn®pw Xam-i-Iƒ ]d™pw a[pc \nan-j-ßƒ sNe-h-gn-°pw.

D∏-bn¬ \n∂v Ipń-Iƒ°v hoWp-In-´p∂ hne-s∏´ \nanjßƒ. Ipń-

Iƒ kvIqfn-te°v t]mIp-tºmgpw hoń-te°v Xncn-s®-Øp-tºmgpw D∏m°v

kemw ]d-b¬ \n¿_-‘w.

`mcybpw \mep-a-°-fp-a-S-ßn-b-Xm-bn-cp∂p aue-hn-bpsS IpSpw-_w. Nmh-

°mSv apXp-h-´p-cnse F≥.-hn.-B-an-\-°pń (a.2012) Bbn-cp-∂p At±-l-

Øns‚ ]Xv\n. aqØ-a-Iƒ k\n-ø. c≠m-asØ aIƒ an∂-Øv. aq∂m-

asØ aIƒ \Po-_. GI-a-I≥ Iuk¿. k\n-ø-bpsS `¿Ømhv A_p-

-_m-lns‚ Xs∂ injy≥ apl-ΩZv ^mdq-Jn. duk-Øp¬ Deqw

Ad_nt°mtf-Pn¬ \n∂v A vk-ep¬ De-am-_n-cp-Z-sa-SpØ tijw aZo\

CkvemanIv bq\n-th-gvkn-‰n-bnepw tijw CuPn-]vXnse A¬ Akvl¿

k¿h-I-em-im-e-bnepw ]Tn® ]fin-X-\mWv At±-lw. an∂-Øns‚

`¿Ømhv A_p- -_m-lns‚ Xs∂ ktlm-Z-cnbpsS ]pX\pw ]kn≤

Iem-Im-c-\m-bn-cp∂ F≥.-]n.-A-_p-hns‚ ktlm-Z-c-\p-amb F≥.-]n.

C_vdmlnw Ipń-bm-Wv. kvIqƒ A[ym-]n-I-bmb \Po-_-bpsS `¿Ømhv

D÷z-e-\mb hm‹n, CJv_m¬ Ihn-X-Iƒ Bg-Øn¬ ]Tn® _lp-`mjm

]fin-X≥, ap…nw-eoKv t\Xm-hv, ]m¿en-sa‚ v saº¿, \nb-a-k-`mw-Kw,

hne-s∏´ KŸ-ß-fpsS I¿Ømhv F∂o \ne-s°√mw ]kn-≤-\mb

A_vZp- -aZv ka-Zm-\n-bm-Wv. aI≥ Iuk¿ ^mdqJv lb¿ sk°-≠dn

kvIqƒ A[ym-]-I\pw mcy dko\ AtX kvIqfn¬ A[ym-]n-I-bp-amWv.

62


9.Cu ]`m-X-Øn\v AkvX-a-b-an√

A¬ Akvl-dn¬ \n∂v _ncpZw t\Sn tIc-f-Øn-se-Ønb tijw

tcmK-ß-tfmSv a√n´p sIm≠mWv tkh\\nc-X-amb ap∏Xv h¿jhpw

auem\m Ign®pIq´n-b-Xv. CX-tbsd Akp-J-ß-fp≈ Hcp a\p-jy\v

CX al-Ømb ]hr-Øn-Iƒ sNøm≥ Fßs\ Ign-™p-sh∂v

A¤pXw tXm∂pw. A√m-lp-hns‚ klm-b-Øn-ep≈ Dd® hnizm-kw,

]Xn-k-‘n-Isf XcWw sNøm-\p≈ Ic-fp-d-∏v, ITn-\m-≤zm\w F∂o

KpW-ß-fmWv At±-lsØ \bn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. \ncm-itbm apt∂m- p-sh® Im¬

]nt∂m´v hen-°p∂ `ocp-Xz-tam, FXn¿∏p-I-sf-∏-‰n-bp≈ `btam H∂pw

At±-l-Øns‚ a\- ns\ Xo≠p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. Pohn-X-Øn¬ Hcp ]tXyI

XXz-im-kvX-Øns‚ DS-a-bm-bn-cp∂p A_p- -_m-lv. hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v

\¬Inb D]-tZ-i-Øn¬ AXv Cßs\ ]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂p: ""kzm¿∞ Xm¬]-

cytam kvXpXn°pw kvXpXn ]T-\-Øn\pw th≠n-bp≈ tamltam \nßsf

Xo≠-cp-Xv. ImcWw bYm¿∞ hnP-b-Øns‚ am\-Zfiw Bflm¿∞-X-

bm-Wv. bYm¿∞ ]pjv]-Øn¬ \n∂v amXta ]cn-afw ASn®p hoip-I-

bp-≈q. IS-emkv ]pjv]-ßƒ˛ Ah FX at\m-l-c-ß-fm-sW-¶nepw Hcn-

°epw ]cn-afw hnX-dp-I-bn-√. aX-]-c-amb X¿°-ß-fn¬ \n∂v hn´p \n¬°-

Ww. a‰p-≈-h-cpsS A`n-]m-b-ßƒ am\n-°-Ww. Xs‚ A`n-]m-b-ßsf

kuay-X-tbm-sS, kvt\l-]q¿hw, \b-Øn¬ FXn-c- n-]m-b-°msc tIƒ∏n-

°m≥ ian-°-Ww. At\ym\yw kXyw K-ln∏n°pI F∂-Xm-bn-cn-°Ww

e£yw. adn®p Xm≥ GsX-¶nepw hn[-Øn¬ Pbn-°Ww F∂m-I-cp-Xv.''˛

]d-bp∂ Cu XXz-a-\p-k-cn-®mWv At±lw ]h¿Øn-®-Xpw.

tcmK-ß-tfmSv a√-Sn® [oc≥

BZyw apX¬ Xs∂ Imen\v Akp-J-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ A_p- -_mlv

s]mXp-th-Zn-I-fn¬ \ns∂√mw AI∂v \n¬°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]mbw sN√pw

63


tXmdpw thsdbpw ]e-Xcw Akp-J-ßfpw At±-lsØ Ae-´n-s°m-≠n-

cp-∂p. ]t£, Ahsb F√mw tXm¬]n°pw hn[-am-bn-cp∂p At±-l-

Øns‚ a\°cp-Øv. kwK-Xn-b-dn-bmØ Nne¿ A_p- -_mlv ]≈n-bn¬

hcm-dn-s√∂ Bt£]w sI.-Fw.-au-e-hn-bpsS ImXnepw FØn-®p.

At±lw t\cn´v auehntbmS-t\z-jn-®-t∏m-gmWv aXw A\p-h-Zn-°p∂ Hcp

ImcWw At±-l-Øn-\p-s≠∂v t_m[y-am-Ip-∂-Xv. tImtf-Pn-te°v \S∂v

hcm≥ Ign-bm-Ø-hn[w Ah-iX IqSn-b-t∏mgpw At±lw A[ym-]\w

\n¿Øn-bn-√. ho´nse hcm¥ ¢m v apdn-bmbn am‰p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

t^mWn¬ _‘-s∏´v tImtf-Pn-s‚bpw tlmÃ-ens‚bpw \S-Øn-∏n\pw

hnI-k\ ]h¿Ø-\-Øn\pw Bh-iy-amb ]Ww ]ncn-®p-≠m-°pw. Cu

L -Øn¬ ÿnchcp-am-\-ap-≠m-°p∂ Nne ]≤Xn-Ifpw At±lw ]q¿Øn-

bm-°n.

Ign-hp‰ ]n≥Km-an-Iƒ

1971 sabv 30\v HutZym-Kn-I-ambn tImtfPv ]n≥kn∏mƒ ÿm\Ø

\n∂v At±lw hnc-an-®p. Xs‚ ]Y-a-in-jy\pw kc-k-\mb hm‹nbpw

Ad_n Ihn-bp-am-bn-cp∂ kn.-]n.-A-_q-_-°¿ auehnsbbmWv At±lw

]n≥Km-an-bmbn \nb-an-®-Xv. H∂mw Iayq-WnÃv a¥n-k` \new ]Xn-®-

t∏m¬ kn. -]n . -F-gp -Xnb "A¬ hnkmd -Øp¬ lwdm -Av'

(Np-I-∏≥ a¥n-k-`) F∂ IhnX Gsd N¿® sNø-s∏-Sp-I-bpw tIc-fw-

kμ¿in® Ad_n-I-fn¬ \n∂p≈ ]mcn-tXm-jn-I-Øn-\¿l-am-hp-Ibpw

sNbvXp. 1978-˛¬ At±lw dn´-b¿ sNbvX-t∏mƒ Zo¿L-Imew Ad-_n-

t°m-tf-Pn¬ A[ym-]-I-\mb Fw.-ap-l-ΩZv A_p- -emlv auehn ]n≥kn-

∏mƒ Bbn. sh√q¿ _mJn-bmØn¬ \n∂v Fw.-F-^v.-_n. _ncp-Zhpw

aZmkv bq\n-th-gvkn-‰n-bn¬ \n∂v A vk-ep¬ De-ambpw ]m mb auehn

Ad_n Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ Ad-_n-I-hn, `qK¿` Pew I≠p-]n-Sn-°p∂ hnZ-

Kv≤≥ F∂o \ne-s°√mw ]kn-≤-\m-bn-cp-∂p. At±-l-Øn\v tijw 1979

apX¬ 1996 hsc A_p- -_m-lns‚ Xs∂ injy\pw Cu KŸ-Øns‚

cN-bn-Xm-hp-amb ]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn ]n≥kn-∏¬ ÿm\w hln-®p.

AXn-\p-tijw Hcp h¿jw, duk-Øn¬ \n∂v A vk-ep¬ Deam _ncpZw

t\Sn ]ns∂ aZo\ CkvemanIv bq\n-th-gvkn-‰n-bn¬ D]-cn-]-T\w \S-Ønb

F.-A-_vZp¬ laoZv aue-hn-bmWv ]n≥kn-∏mƒ ÿm\Øv \nbp-‡-\m-

b-Xv. 1997 apX¬ Cu ÿm\w hln-°p-∂Xv duk-Øp¬ Dep-ans‚ k¥-

Xnbpw a° DΩp¬ Jpdm _ncp-Z-[m-cnbpw aX-]-`m-j-I≥, Ad_n Fgp-

Øp-Im-c≥, ]e temIaX ktΩ-f-\-ßfnepw C¥ysb ]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn®p

]s¶-SpØ ]fin-X≥, Ckvemlo kwLS\m t\Xmhv F∂o \ne-

s°√mw ]kn-≤-\mb tUm.-lp-ssk≥ aS-hq¿ BWv. F√m-hcpw A_p-

-_mlv krjvSn® ]mc-º-cy-Øn-eqsS ÿm]-\sØ \bn-®-h-cm-Wv.

64


At±lw hf¿Øn-sb-SpØ hyXy-kvX-amb Nn¥m[mc Ct∏mgpw ÿm]-

\-Øn¬ XpS-cp-∂p.

Btcm-Ky-\ne tamiambns°m≠n-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw A_p- -_mlv

Xs‚ ZuXy-\n¿h-l-W-Øn¬ Hcp Ipdhpw hcp-Øn-bn-√. BZyw

apX¬s° aue-hnsb NnIn-’n-®n-cp∂ tUmIvS¿ BWv Atkm-kn-tbj≥

saºdpw Imen-°‰v bq\n-th-gvkn‰n sk\‰v˛ kn≠n-t°‰v AwK-hp-am-bn-

cp∂ tUm.-Sn.-]n.-ap-l-ΩZv. Hcn-°¬ Ak-l-\o-b-amb Xe-th-Z\ h∂-t∏mƒ

A_p- -_mlv Hcp hb-sd-SpØv Xe-bn¬ apdp°n sI´n. Sn.-]n.sb hnfn®p

hcpØn hnhcw ]d™t∏mƒ At±-l-Øns‚ Ia‚ v: B sI´v A¬]w

IqSn Xmtg°v am‰n Iq-Sm-bn-cp-∂pthm? Cu Xam-i-bn¬ Xe-th-Z\

Aen™p t]mbn. tUm.-]n.-sI.-A-_vZp¬ K^q¿, tUm.-kn.-sI.-cm-a-N-μ≥

XpS-ßn-b-hcpw At±-lsØ ]e-t∏m-gmbn NnIn-’n-®n-cp-∂p.

A¥y-\n-an-j-ßƒ

Gdnbpw Ipd™pw sIm≠n-cp∂ tcmKw 1971 k]vXw-_¿ BZy-hm-c-

Øn¬ aq¿On®p A_p- -_m-lns\ tImgn-t°mSv \n¿ae tlmkv]n-‰-en-

te°v am‰n. Xosc Ah-i-\mbn Imdn¬ Ib-‰n-sIm≠p t]mIp-tºmgpw

At±lw Xs‚ Xp¿°n sXm∏n Xe-bn¬ [cn-°m≥ ad-∂n-√. Bip-]-Xn-

bn¬ kμ¿i-I-sc-sb√mw kzoI-cn®p. At±-lsØ ipiq-jn-°p∂ \gvkp-

am¿°v kΩm-\n-°m≥ Iptd ]g-ßƒ hcp-Øn-®p. tae-[n-Im-cn-bpsS

kΩXw hmßn Ah¿ B ]gw kzoI-cn®p. Xßƒ ipiq-jn-°p∂ Cu

tcmKn Hcp Bflob t\Xm-hm-sW∂v Ah¿ a\- n-em-°n-bn-cp-∂p. Xs‚

A¥yw ASpØp Ign™p F∂v A_p- -_m-ln\v t_m[y-am-bn. a°sf

hnfn®p hcpØn Ah-tcmSv kwkm-cn-®p. Xs‚ ]n≥Km-an-bmb ]n≥kn-

∏mƒ kn.-]n. A_q-_-°¿ aue-hn-tbmSv tImtf-Pns‚ Imcy-ßƒ \∂mbn

i≤n-°m≥ \n¿tZ-in-®p. sP.-Un.‰n amt\-P¿ sI.-]n. lk≥ lmPnbpw

aue-hn-bpsS GXm\pw injy-∑mcpw kZm kabw At±-lsØ ipiq-

jn®p sIm≠n-cp-∂p.

1971 k]vXw-_¿ 9˛mw XnøXn hymgmgvN AkvX-an® sh≈n-bmgvN

cmhv. 12 aWn kabw B alm-Zo]w s]men-™p.

arX-tZlw ^mdq-Jm-_m-Znse At±-l-Øns‚ hk-Xn-bn-te°v am‰n.

sh≈n-bmgvN ]`m-X-tØmsS P\]hm-l-am-bn. ]fin-X-∑m¿, t\Xm-°ƒ,

]-ap-J-hy-‡n-Iƒ, injy-K-W-ßƒ, hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ. Ppap-A°v apºmbn

P\m-k-\-a-kvImcw \n¿h-ln-°-s∏-´p. At±lw \´p-h-f¿Ønb hn⁄m-

\-∏q-¶m-h-\-Øns‚ a≤y-Øn¬ Xe Db¿Øn \n¬°p∂ akvPn-Zp¬

Akvl-dns‚ A¶-W-Øn¬, ]qs®-Sn-Iƒ°v \Sp-hn¬ At±-l-Øns‚

P\mk ad-am-S-s∏-´p.

65


A_p- -_m-ln\v tijw

A_p- -_m-lns‚ hntbm-Km-\-¥cw At±lw hln-®n-cp∂ Ad-_n-

t°m-tfPv amt\-PnwKv IΩn‰n ]kn-U≠v ÿm\-tØ°v At±-lsØ

G‰hpw A[nIw kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp∂ DZm-c-

a-Xnbpw hyh-kmb ]ap-J-\p-amb cmPm A_vZp¬ JmZ¿ lmPn sXc-

s™-Sp-°-s∏-´p. At±-l-Øn\v tijw At±-l-Øns‚ Pmam-Xmhpw sI.-

A-h-dm≥ Ipń lmPn-bpsS ]pX-\p-amb sI.-kn.-l-k≥ Ipń-bmWv \nb-

an-X-\m-b-Xv. ]nXm-hn-s‚bpw `mcy-]n-Xm-hn-s‚bpw tkh\ ]mc-º-cy-Øn-

eqsS \oßnb At±lw BZ¿i-\n-jvT\pw \nkzm¿∞ tkh-I\pw ]e

kmwkvIm-cnI kmaqly kwcw- -ß-fp-sSbpw t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ hncm-Pn-°p∂

hy‡n-bp-ambncp∂p. ]n∂oSv ]kn-U≠v ÿm\w hln® dn´.-sU.-I-e-

IvS¿ ]n.-Ip-™-l-Ω-Zn\p tijw Cu KŸw ]pd-Øn-d-ßp-tºmƒ B

ÿm\w hln-°p-∂-Xv \nc-h[n ÿm]-\-ßƒ \S-Øp∂ hyh-kmb ]ap-

J\pw kwÿm\ k¿°m-cns‚ A®o-hvsa‚ v Ahm¿Uv tPXm-hpw, ]e

aX- -hn-Zym- ym-k- -km-aq-ly- -kmw-kv°m-cnI kwL-S-\-I-fnepw kPo-h-ambn

]h¿Øn-°p∂ DZm-c-a-Xn-bp-amb ]n.-sI.-AlvaZv BWv. Ad-_n-t°m-tfPv

skI-´-dn-bmbn Fw.-Ip-t™mbn sshZy¿°pw sI.-Ip-™n-ap-l-ΩZv F∂

am\p-lm-Pn°pw tijw sImf-tºm-tÃmgvkv amt\-P¿ Fkv.-C-kvam-Cu-

ens‚ ]pX≥ Fkv.-ap-l-ΩZv bq\pkv tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-°p∂p.

du-k-Øp¬ Deqw Atkm-kn-tb-j≥

tIc-f-Øns‚ \m\m-`m-K-Øp-\n-∂p-ap≈ ]apJ hy‡n-Iƒ Dƒs°m-

≈p∂ duk-Øp¬ Depw Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ ÿm]n-X-am-bXv apX¬ 1971-

˛¬ A_p- -_mlv \ncym-X-\mIpw hsc AXns‚ ]kn-U-≠mbn

XpS¿∂Xv At±lw Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. tijw A_p- -_m-lns‚ BK-

a\w apX¬t° At±-l-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v tkh\ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ \S-

Øn-t∏m∂ cmPm A_vZp¬Jm-Z¿ lmPn-bpw Fw.-Ip-t™mbn sshZycpw

B ÿm\w hln-®p. 1999 apX¬ ]kn-U≠v ]Zhn Ae-¶-cn-°p-∂Xv

kap-Z-hym-]m-c-cw-KsØ kPo-h-km-∂n-[yhpw ]e hnZym-`ymk˛ kmaq-

ly-˛-hy-h-kmb kwL-S-\-I-fp-ambpw ÿm]-\-ßfpambpw _‘-s∏´p

]h¿Øn-°p∂ s]mXp ]h¿Ø-I-\pamb sI.-hn.-Ip-™-ΩZv tImb-

bmWv. ^mdqJv tImtf-Pn\v KWy-amb tkh-\-ßƒ A¿∏n® Xs‚ hμy-

]n-Xmhv ]n.-sF.AlvaZv tImb-bp-sS-bpw `mcym-]n-Xmhv sImb-∏-sØmSn

AlvaZvIpń lmPn-bp-sSbpw tkh-\-]m-c-º-cy-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv sI.-hn.bpw

k©-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

du-k-Øp¬ Deqw Atkm-kn-tb-js‚ H∂m-asØ skI-´-dn-bmb

AUz.-Fw.-hn. ssltZm-kns‚ ac-W-tijw mdqJv sslkvIqƒ ][m\

A[ym-]-I\pw A_p- -_m-lp-ambn G‰hpw ASpØv CS-]-gIn ]h¿Øn-

66


® hy‡n-bp-am-bn-cp∂ ]n.-F.-e-Øo^v BWv B ÿm\w hln-®n-cp-∂-

Xv.

2001 apX¬ ^mdqJv tImtfPv Cw•ojv A[ym-]-I≥, ]n≥kn-∏mƒ,

apkvenw \yq\-]£ ]iv\-ß-sf-∏‰n ]T\w \SØn teJ-\-ßƒ Fgp-

Xp∂ Kth-j-I≥ F∂o \ne-s°√mw ]kn-≤-\mb s]m^.bp.ap-l-ΩZv

BWv skI-´dn. Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ saº¿amcpw AXns‚ Iogn-ep≈

ÿm]-\ß-fpsS \S-Øn-∏p-Imcpw A[n-Ihpw A_p- -_m-lp-ambn _‘-

s∏´p ]h¿Øn®hcpsS a°fpw tij-°m-cp-am-Wv. ]pdsa kmaqly

kwkvIm-cnI cwK-ß-fn¬ ]kn-≤-cmb hy‡n-I-fp-ap-≠v. ]n≥X-e-ap-d°m¿

A_p- -_mlv \´p-h-f¿Ønb hnPvRm-\-∏q-¶m-h-\-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ ]qs®-

Sn-Iƒ sh®p ]nSn-∏n®pw hn]p-eo-I-cn®pw AXns\ ]cn-c£n-°p-∂-Xn¬

i≤n°p∂-h-cm-Wv. ^mdqJm_mZv hnZym`ymk kap-®bw C∂v Hcp

A¿≤ k¿h-I-em-im-e-bpsS ]Z-hn-bn-te-°p-b¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p.

Cu al-Ømb hn⁄m-\-∏q-¶m-h-\hpw Ah-bnse ]q°-fn¬ \n∂v

a[p\pI-cm≥ ]d-s∂-Øp∂ ]Xn-\m-bn-c-ßfpw Ah¿°v hgn-Im-Wn-°p∂

alm-tbm-Kn-Ifpw \ne-\n¬°p-t∂-S-tØmfw Imew A_p- -_mlv kvacn-

°-s∏´psImt≠-bn-cn-°pw. tIc-f-Øn¬ hnZym`ymk˛-kmw-kvIm-cnI taJ-

e-bn¬ At±lw krjvSn® Adn-hns‚ s]m≥In-c-W-ßƒ \m\m `mK-

tØ°pw ]k-cn-∏n®v Hcp hnkvab ImgvN-bmbn \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p.

^mdqJv tImtfPv Imº-kn-seØn A_p- -_m-lns\ t\cn¬ ImWp-

Ibpw At±-l-Øns‚ al-Ømb hnZym-`ymk ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ a\- n-

em-°p-Ibpw sNbvX CuPn-]vjy≥ kmwkvIm-cnI kwLw t\Xmhpw

temI ]ikvX ]fin-X-\p-amb ssiJv A_vZp¬ ap≥Cw A∂-an¿

hnkva-b-`cnX\mbn A_p- -_m-lns\ Cßs\ hnti-jn-∏n®p:

""k_m-lp≥ em akm-Ae''

Cu ]`m-X-Øn\v AkvX-a-b-an-√.

67


A\p-_‘w 1(1950- ¬ kn.-F≥.-AlvaZv aue-hn-bpsS ]Xm-[n-]-Xy-Øn¬ ]pd-Øn-d-ßn-bn-

cp∂ A≥kmcn amkn-I-bn¬ auem\m A_p- -_m-lv Fgp-Xnb teJ\w)

Ckvem-anse \a-kv°mcwauem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

]n≥kn-∏mƒ, duk-Øp¬ Depw Ad-_nIv tImtf-Pv, tdm°v

Bflo-bw, imco-cn-Iw, kmaq-lnIw F∂n-ßns\ hnhn-[-h-i-ß-fn¬

IqSn-bp≈ a\p-jy-cpsS hf¿®sb e£yw sh®p-sIm-≠mWv Nne BNm-

c-ßƒ A\p-jvTn-°p-hm\pw hnizm-k-ßƒ ssIsIm-≈p-hm\pw Ckvemw

Iev]n-®n- p-≈-Xv. \a-kvIm-cw, t\mºv, k°m-Øv, l÷v apX-em-b-h-sb√mw

Xs∂ CØcw e£y-ßsf ap≥\n-dpØn Iev]n-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈-h-bm-Ip-∂p.

]s£ \mw AsXm∂pw Nn¥n-°p-∂n-√. shdpw Nne NS-ßp-I-sf-t∂mWw

Ah-sb√mw \n¿Δ-ln-°pI amX-amWv sNøp-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v Ah-

bpsS B¥-cm¿∞-ßƒ \ΩpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ ]Xn-^-en®p ImWp-∂n-

s√∂p amX-ta-bp-≈p. \a-kvImcw Ckvemanse BNm-c-ß-fn¬ AXy-

[nIw ]m[m-\y-ap≈ H∂m-W-s√m. AXp-sIm≠v AXn-s‚-bpw, AXn\p

apºp≈ ipNo-I-cWw apX-emb BNm-c-ß-fp-sSbpw B¥-cm¿∞-ßƒ

Npcp°n hnh-cn-°p-I-bmWv Cu teJ-\-Øns‚ Dt±-iyw.

ipNnXzw

Hmtcm apkvenhpw A©p-t\cw \n¿∫-‘-ambpw \a-kvImcw \n¿Δ-

ln-°-W-sa-∂pw, Ah-bn¬ Hmtcm∂n\v apºpw hmbv, apJw, sNhn, ssI,

Im¬ apX-emb AwK-ßsf ipNo-I-cn-°-W-sa∂pw aXw Iev]n-°p-∂p.

CXn¬ ]e cl-ky-ßfpw AS-ßn-bn-´p-≠v. 1. hnhn[ Bh-iy-ßƒ°mbn

a\p-jy¿ kZm D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xpw, AXn-\m¬

Ft∏mgpw Agp°p ]‰p-hm≥ CS-bp-≈-Xp-amb AwK-ß-fm-Wnh. AXp-

sIm≠p Cu Ah-b-h-ßƒ Hcp Znhkw 5 ]mhiyw Igp-Ip-tºmƒ Ch-

bpsS amen\yw \oßp-∂-Xpw, Ch-sIm≠p kv]¿in-°-s]-Sp∂ a‰p km[\-

ßƒ°p Agp°p ]‰p-hm-\n-S-h-cm-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv. 2. Cu Ah-b-h-ß-

fn¬ amX-a-√, \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂-h≥ [cn-°p∂ hkvXw, Ah≥ \nev°p∂

ÿew F∂n-h-bnepw bmsXm-cp-hn-[-Øn-ep≈ amen-\yhpw D≠m-bn-cn-°p-

hm≥ ]mSn-s√∂p aXw Iev]n-°p-∂p. hnb¿∏v, s]mSn apX-emb Agp-°p-

68


Iƒ t]mepw Ch-bn¬ \n∂p \o°w sNø-W-sa-∂mWv aXw D]-tZ-in-°p-

∂-Xv. Cßns\ Ch-sb√mw amen-\y-ßƒ ]‰msX kq£n-®p-sh-°m≥

km[n-°-W-sa-¶n¬, hoSpw, ]cn-k-c-ßfpw ipNo-I-cn®p sh°m-Xn-cn-°p-

hm≥ \nhr-Øn-bn-√-s√m. At∏mƒ Cu Iev]\ aqew, k¿hcpw ico-c-

hpw hkvX-hpw hoSpw ]cn-k-c-hp-sa√mw kZm hrØn-bm-°n-sh-°p-hm≥

\n¿∫-‘cmbnØocp-I-bpw, AXv Ah-cpsS Btcm-Ky-]-c-amb hf¿®°v

AXy-[nIw klm-b-I-ambn `hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. 3. a\p-jy¿°p-≠m-

Ip∂ tcmK-ß-fn¬ Hcp henb hn`m-Kw, Z¥-ip≤n hcp-Øm-ØXp sIm≠m-

sW∂p Kth-jWw aqew sXfn-™n-´p-≈-Xmbn Btcm-Ky-im-kvX-\n-]p-

W-cmb tUmIvS¿am¿ ]kvXm-hn-°p-∂p. B \ne°v t\m°p-tºmƒ Hcp

hen-b-hn-`mKw tcmK-ßƒ XS-bp-hm≥ "hpkp'hnse A©p-t\-csØ Z¥-

ip≤n Xs∂ klm-b-I-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xm-W-s√m. Z¥-ip≤n hcp-Ø-W-

sa-∂p-am-X-a-√, hmbnse Zp¿§‘w \o°w sNø-W-sa∂p IqSn Ckvemw

D]-tZ-in-°p-∂p-≠v. 4. a\p-jy-_p-≤n°v ⁄m\w e`n-°p-∂Xv ]t©-μn-

b-ßƒ hgn-bm-bn-´m-Wv. "hpkp-'hnse Ah-b-h-ßƒ ]t©-μn-b-ßƒ

ktΩ-fn® ÿe-hp-am-Ip-∂p. At∏mƒ CS-°nsS ip≤-Pew sIm≠p≈

kv\m\w Ah°p IqSp-X¬ ]h¿Ø-\-i‡n D≠m-°p-sa-∂p-≈Xv Xo¿®-

bm-W-s√m. 5. t_m[-£bw, Xf¿® apX-emb kpJ-t°-Sp-≠m-Ip-tºmƒ

apJØpw Xe-bnepw sh≈-sam-gn-°p-∂Xpw DSs\ Ah kpJ-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw

\ap-°-\p-`-h-amWv. AXp-sIm≠v amμyw ]nSn-s]´p £oWn®p Xf¿∂p

InS-°p∂ Rc-ºp-Iƒ°pw Xe-t®m-dn\pw ip≤-Pew sIm≠p≈ kv\m\w

aqew DW¿hpw \h-Po-h\pw \¬In, ASpØp ssZh k∂n-[n-bn¬ sh®p

\S-Øp-hm≥ t]mIp∂ A`n-apJ kw`m-j-W-Øn-∂\ptbmPyamw-hÆw

_p≤n°p DW¿hpw Dt∑-jhpw D≠m-°n-Øo¿t°≠ Dt±-ihpw CXn-ep-

≠v. 6. tIm]w h∂m¬ thKw t]mbn "hpkp' sNø-W-sa∂p \_n (k)

Iev]n-®n-´p-≠v. CXns‚ A¿∞w ip≤-Pew sIm≠p≈ AwK-kv\m\w

a\p-jy-cn¬ £am-io-ehpw im¥-X-bp-ap-f-hm-°p-sa-∂m-W-s√m. AXp-

sIm≠p AØcw Dt±-i-ßfpw "hpkp'-hn¬ AS-ßn-bn-´p-≠v. 7. ssZh-k-

∂n-[n-bn¬ sh®p \S-Øp-hm≥ t]mIp∂ ]m¿∞-\-°p≈ Hcp-°-am-bn-´m-

Ws√m Cu Ah-b-h-ßƒ Igp-Ip-hm≥ Iev]n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. a‰p-≈-h-cp-ambn

CS-s]-Sp-tºmƒ, hninjym alm-∑m-cpsS kZ- p-I-fn¬ t]mIp-tºmƒ

hrØn-bpsS Imcyw ]tXyIw kq£n-°-W-sa∂v CXv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

Cßns\ ]e cl-ky-ßfpw CXn¬ AS-ßn-bn-´p-≠v.

F∂m¬ Cu ipNo-I-cWw GsX-¶nepw ]Im-c-Øn¬ km[n-®m¬

t]mcm˛ AXm-bXv ag-sIm-≠n-t´m, sh≈-Øn¬ hoWnt´m Hcm-fpsS ico-

c-Ønse Agp-°pIƒ apgp-h\pw \oßn-t∏m-hp-Ibpw ta¬]-d™ a‰p-t±-

i-ßƒ km[n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp -sh∂p sh°p-I. AXp-sIm≠v

69


Abmƒ°v \a-kvI-cn-°p-hm≥ ]mSn-√. C∂n∂ Bh-iy-ßƒ°mbn Xm≥

ipNo-I-cn-°p∂p F∂p≈ t_m[-tØm-Sp-IqSn ipNo-I-cWw \n¿Δ-ln-®-

h-\p-am-Xsa \a-kvI-cn-°p-hm≥ ]mSp-≈p. Imc-Ww, Xmev°m-en-I-amb

ipNnXzw amX-a-√, kpÿn-c-amb ipNn-Xz-t_m[w a\p-jy-cn¬ D≠m-°n-

Øo¿t°≠ Dt±-ihpw IqSn "hpkp'hn¬ Hfn™p InS-°p-∂p-≠v. AXp-

sIm≠v Cu t_m[-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-√msX \S-Øp∂ "hpkp' hnt∂m, \a-

kvIm-c-Øn-t\m, t\mºnt\m bmsXmcp ^e-hp-an-s√-∂mWv aXw kn≤m-

¥n-°p-∂-Xv. ImcWw icn-bmb t_m[-tØmSp IqSn-b-√m-sX-bp≈

bmsXmcp ]hr-Ønbpw a\p-jy-lr-Z-bsØ \nb-¥n-°p-hm≥ D]-tbm-K-

s∏-Sp-I-bn-√-s√m. Cu t_m[-\-Øn-∂mWv \mw ""\nøØv'' F∂p ]d-bp-

∂-Xv.

"In_ve'

AwK-ip-No-I-c-W-Øn¬ \n∂p hnc-an-®-Xn\p tijw a°m-]-´-W-Øn¬

ÿnXn sNøp∂ "In_ve'bpsS t\sc Xncn™p \nev°-W-sa∂p aXw

Iev]n-°p-∂p. CXnepw ]e cl-ky-ßfpw AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. 1. temIw

apgp-h\pw _lpssZhmcm-[-\-bn¬ apgp-In-t∏m-bn-cp∂ ImeØv GI-ssZ-

hsØ amXw Bcm-[n-°p-hm-\mbn `qap-JØv G‰hpw BZy-ambn ÿm]n-

X-am-bn-´p≈ ]≈n-bm-W-Xv. C_mlnw \_n (A) BWv AXns‚ ÿm]-

I≥. At∏mƒ AXn-\p-t\sc Xncn-™p-\n-ev°p-tºmƒ, temI-\n-b-¥m-

hmb A√m-lp-hns\ hW-tß-≠Xv Xs‚ IS-a-bm-sW-∂pw, Ah-s\-b-

√msX a‰m-scbpw hW-ß-cp-sX-∂p-ap≈ t_m[w a\p-jy-\p-≠m-bn-Øo-

cp-∂-Xm-W-t√m. 2. qan-bpsS \m\m mK-ß-fn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂ apkvenwIƒ

AXn\p t\sc Xncn™p \nev°p-tºmƒ Xß-sf-√m-hcpw Htc-e-£ysØ

ap≥ \ndpØn Pohn-°p-∂-h-cm-sW-∂p≈ t_m[w Ah¿s°√mw D≠mbn-

Øo-cp-I-bpw, `n∂n∏pw I£n-Xzhpw hcmsX Ah-cpsS CS-bn¬ sFIyw

\ne-\n-dp-Øp-∂-Xn\v AXp t]c-I-ambn `hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv. 3.

Ing-°p, sX°p, hS-°p, ]Sn-™mdv F∂o \mep mK-ß-fn¬ GsX-¶nepw

Hc-p \n-›n-X-`m-K-tØ°p Xncn™p \nev°p-hm≥ temI-Øp≈ F√m

apkvenwI-tfmSpw Iev]n-®m¬ B `mK-Øn\p A√m-lp-hp-ambn ]tXyI

_‘-ap-s≠∂v P\-ßƒ [cn-°p-hm≥ CS-h-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. t\sc-a-dn®v

"IA_' bpsS Ing-°p-≈-h-tcmSp ]Sn-™mdp `mK-tØ-°pw, ]Sn-™m-dp-

≈-h-tcmSp Ing-t°m-´pw, AXn\p sX°p-≈-h-tcmSp hS-t°m-´pw, hS-°p-

≈-h-tcmSv sXt°m´pw Xncn-™p-\n-ev°p-hm≥ Iev]n-®m¬ Hcp ]tXyI

`mK-Øn\p h√ ]pWytam A√m-lp-hn\v AXp-hp-ambn h√ ]tXy-I-_-

‘tam Ds≠∂v P\-ßƒ sX‰n-≤-cn-°p-hm≥ CS-h-cn-I-bn-√. 4. A¥y-

]hm-N-I-\mb apl-ΩZp \_n (k)-bpsS P∑-`q-an-bmb a°m-bn-em-Wt√m

"IAv_' ÿnXn sNøp-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v Atßm´p Xncn-™p-\n-ev°p-

70


tºmƒ Ckvemans‚ ]q¿Δ-Zisb ]‰nbp-≈ hnhn[ kvac-W-Iƒ AXp

a\- n¬ DZn∏n°p-∂Xpw XZzmcm Ckveman\p t\sc-bp≈ `‡n-_-lp-

am-\-ßƒ ]Xn-∑-S-ßmbn h¿≤n-°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv. 5. a\p-jy\p ssZhm-cm-

[\ \S-Øp-tºmƒ Hcp `mK-tØt°m Hcp km[-\-Øn\p t\sctbm

Xncn™p \nev°msX \nhr-Øn-bn-√. ssZh-Øn-∂m-sW-¶n¬ ]tXy-I-

ambn Hcp `mKtam ÿetam C√-Xm-\pw. At∏mƒ km[n-°p∂ GsX-

¶nepw Hcp ÿe-tØ-°p Xncn-™m¬ aXn-sb∂p sht°≠n hcp-∂-Xm-

Wv. Aßns\ hcp-tºmƒ Bcm-[-\°p Hcp hyh-ÿ-bn-√msX hcpw.

AXp hcm-Xn-cn-°m-\mbn ÿe-\n¿Æbw sNtø-≠-Xm-h-iy-hp-am-Wv.

F∂m¬ B ÿew GI-ssZ-hsØ Bcm-[n-°p-hm≥ D≠m-°nb ]Ya

ssZhm-e-b-am-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv ]e-Xp-sIm≠pw \√-Xm-W-s√m. Cßns\ ]e

cl-ky-ßfpw AXn-ep-≠v.

tZl-ip≤n hcpØn A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv ]m¿∞n-°p-hm-\mbn Hcpßn

\n¬°p-∂-h≥ "IAv_' bpsS t\sc Xncn-™p-\n¬°p-tºmƒ Ahs‚

lrZ-b-Øn¬IqSn CØcw kvac-W-I-sf√mw IS∂p t]mhp-I-bpw, temI-

k-jvSmhpw \nb-¥m-hp-amb A√m-lp-hns‚ al-Xzhpw Ahs\ hW-

tß≠Xns‚ Bh-iy-I-Xbpw AXn¬ ÿew ]nSn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

At∏m-gmWv B `‡n rônÑrcnG o¬s∏dnG (A-√mlp G‰hpw alm≥) F∂p hmKv

cq]-Øn¬ Ah≥ ]I-Sn-∏n-°bpw hn\-b-kq-N-I-ambn ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬

ssIsI´n \nev°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xv. A\-¥cw GXm≠v C_m-lnw-\_n

(A) sNm√nbn´p≈ AtX kXy-]-Xn⁄ Ah≥ sNm√p-∂p.

.nø`«pcpôr°ûoªrdG nøpe ÉnfnG Énenh Ékªp∏r°ùoe ÉkØ«pænM n¢VrQnC’rGnh päGnƒnªs°ùdG nôn£na …pòs∏pd n»p¡rLnh oâr¡sLnh

n∂pdGnòpHnh o¬nd n∂jpôn°T n’ .nø`«pªndÉn©rdG uÜnQ p¬s∏pd »pJÉnªnenh n…Én«rënenh »pμo°ùofnh »pJG∏n°U s¿pG

.nø`«pªp∏r°ùoªrdG nøpe ÉnfnGnh oärôpeoCG

(a-‰p-≈-h-bn¬ \ns∂√mw hnc-an-®v, A\p-k-c-W-t_m-[-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn,

BIm-i-`q-an-Isf krjvSn® A√m-lp-hn\p t\sc Fs‚ apJsØ

Rm\nXm Xncn-®ncn°p∂p. Rm≥ ssZhm-cm-[-\-bn¬ a‰p-≈-hsc

]¶ptN¿°p∂-h-cn¬ s]´-h-\-√. Fs‚ ]m¿∞-\-bpw, Fs‚ XymK-hpw,

F∂-√, Fs‚ Pohn-X-hpw, Fs‚ ac-W-hp-sa√mw Xs∂ k¿Δ-temI

c£n-Xm-hmb A√mlphn\p≈Xm-Ip-∂p. Ah\p (tem-I-\n-b-¥-W-Øn¬)

bmsXmcp ]¶p-Im-c-\p-an-√. Cßn-s\-bmWv Ft∂mSp Iev]n-®n-cn-°p-∂-

Xv. Rm≥ A\p-k-c-W-ap-≈-h-cn¬ s]´-h-\m-Ip-∂p).

CtXm-Sp-IqSn \n o-a-amb Xs‚ `‡n°pw _lp-am-\-Øn\pw ]mXo-

-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂-h≥ A√mlp amX-am-sW∂pw, Ahs‚ ]oXn-°mbn Xs‚

71


Pohn-XsØ _en-I-gn-°p-hm-\pw acWw hcn-°p-hm≥ t]mepw Xm≥ k∂-

≤-\m-sW∂pw Ah≥ ]Xn⁄ sNbvXp Ign-™p. AXn-\m¬ A\-

¥cw ]kvXpX Imcy-\n¿Δ-l-W-Øn\p ]Xn-_-‘-ambn \nev°p∂ F√m

Zp»-‡n-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Xs∂ c£n-°p-hm-\mbn Ah≥ A√m-lp-hn-t\m-S-

t]-£n-°p∂p:

º«pLsôdG p¿Én£r«s°ûdG nøpe p¬s∏dÉpH oPƒoZnG (i-]n-°-s∏´ ]nim-Nns‚ D]-Z-h-Øn¬

\n∂p Fs∂ c£n-°p-hm-\mbn Rm≥ A√m-lp-hns\ A`bw ]m]n-°p-

∂p). ]n∂oSv Ah≥ Xs‚ ]hrØn A√m-lp-hns‚ \ma-Øn¬Øs∂

Bcw-`n-°p∂p: pº«pMsôdG pønªrMsôdG p¬s∏dG pºr°ùpH (I-cp-Wm-\n-[nbpw ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-

\p-amb A√m-lp-hns‚ \ma-Øn¬ Rm≥ Bcw-`n-°p-∂p) Aßns\

A√mlp Xt∂mSp ImWn-®n-´p≈ \m\m-hn-t[-\-bp≈ Imcp-Wy-ß-

tfm¿Øp AXn-\-h≥ \μn ]d-bp∂p:

nø`«pªndÉn©rdG uÜnQ p¬s∏pd o~rªnërdnG (k¿Δ kvXpXnbpw k¿Δ temI ]cn-]m-e-I-

\mb A√m-lp-hn-\p-≈-Xm-Ip-∂p)

A√mlp Cu ]]-©sØ hfsc IuXp-I-I-c-amb \ne-bn-emWv

krjvSn®v ]cn-]m-en-°p-∂-Xv. a\p-jy-cpsS Pohn-Xm-hÿ amXw ]cn-tim-

[n-®m¬ Xs∂ Ahs‚ ]cn-]m-e-\-ssh-`hw I≠p \mw A¤pX]c-h-i-

cm-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. K¿`m-i-b-Øn-en-cn-°p-tºmƒ inip-hn-\m-h-iy-ap≈

k¿Δ G¿∏m-Sp-Ifpw AhnsS Ah≥ sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-°p-∂p. ]k-hn-°p∂

Ah-k-c-Øn¬ inip-hns‚ Zl-t\-μn-b-ßƒ°p i‡n hfsc Ipd-hm-

bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-W-t√m. AXp-sIm≠p A∂p IpSn-°phm≥ G‰hpw t\cnb

]memWv Ah≥ Hcp-°n-sh-°p-∂-Xv. ]n∂oSv Zl-t\-μn-b-ßƒ°p i‡n

IqSn-IqSn hcpw-tXmdpw ]m¬ Iń Iqń-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. ]k-hn® DSs\

A]-cn-Nn-X-am-b B km[\w Ign-°-W-sa-∂p≈ t_m[w inip-hn\v Ah≥

D≠m-°n-s°m-Sp-°p-∂p. Bh-iy-a-\p-k-cn®pw Ia-ambpw Int´-≠-Xn-\mbn

B ]m¬ kq£n-®n-´p≈ amXm-hn\v B Ipń-bpsS t\sc AXn-c‰ hm’-

ey-hpw, kvt\lhpw Ah≥ P\n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. CsX√mw Ahs‚

]cn-]m-e-\-ssh-`-h-Øns‚ ZrjvSm-¥-ß-fm-Ip-∂p. F∂m¬ A√mlp

Cßns\ temI-]-cn-]m-e\w \S-Øp-∂Xp h√ ]Xn-êw tamln-®nt´m

at‰m As√∂pw AXn-c‰ Ahs‚ ImcpWyw sIm≠pw amX-am-sW∂pw

ImWn-®p-sIm≠v ]n∂o-S-h≥ ]d-bp∂p: pº«pMsôdG pønªrMsôdnG (I-cp-Wm-\n-[nbpw

]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\p-amb A√m-lp-hn-\sX k¿Δ kvXpXn-bpw).

A\-¥cw A√m-lp-hns‚ ImcpWyw Ahy-h-ÿn-X-a-√, \oXn-]q¿h-

I-am-sW-∂pw, AXp-sIm-≠mWv ]c-tem-IØp sh®v kZvhr-Ø-∑m¿°pw

Zp¿hr-Ø-∑m¿°pw Ah-cpsS ]hr-Øn-Iƒ°-\p-tbm-Py-amb ]Xn-êw

sImSp-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂v Ah≥ \n›-bn-®n- p-≈-sX∂pw kqNn-∏n®p sIm≠v

72


Ah≥ ]d-bp-∂p. pøju~dG pΩrƒnj p∂pdÉne (]-Xn-^ew \¬I-s∏-Sp∂ Znh-k-Øns‚

DS-a-ÿ-\p-amb A√m-lp-hn-\sX k¿Δ-kvXp-Xn-bpw)

CXb[nIw Imcp-Wy-tØm-Sp-IqSn Xs∂ ]cn-]m-en-°p-∂-h-\mWv

A√mlp F∂p hcp-tºmƒ Ahs\ hW-tß-≠Xv Xs‚ IS-a-bm-sW-

∂pw, Ahs\ IqSmsX a‰m-scbpw Bcm-[n-°-cp-sX-∂pw, Bcm-[n-®n´p

bmsXmcp e-hp-an-s√∂pw, Ah\p t_m[yw hcp-∂p. At∏m-gmWv Ah≥

]d-bp-∂Xv: oø`«p©nàr°ùnf n∑ÉsjpGnh o~oÑr©nf n∑ÉsjpG (\ns∂ amXw Rßƒ Bcm-[n-°p-

∂p. \nt∂mSp amXw Rßƒ klm-b-Øn-∂-t]-£n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p).

AXm-bXv, "ASn-a-Ø-Øn-s‚bpw IogvhW°-Øns‚bpw Atß-b‰w

\ns‚ k∂n-[n-bn¬ amXta Rßƒ ka¿∏n-°-bp-≈p. a‰m-cpsS apºnepw

Rßƒ AXp ka¿∏n-°-bn-√. \nt∂m-S-√msX a‰m-tcmSpw Rßƒ klm-

b-Øn-\-t]-£n-°-bp-an√' F∂¿∞w.

Xn∂p-I, IpSn-°p-I, Ccn-°p-I, \S-°p-I, D]-Po-h-\-Øn-\p≈ hkvXp-

°ƒ kºm-Zn-°pI apX-emb Imcy-ßƒ°p≈ i‡n A√mlp a\p-jy\v

\¬In-bn-´p-≠-t√m. AXp-sIm≠v Xs‚ \nb-¥-W-Øn-\-[o-\-s∏-Sm-Ø-

Xpw, Xs∂ A_-≤-Ønepw kp_≤Ønepw sIm≠p-t]mbn NmSn-°p-∂-

Xp-amb Xs‚ _p≤nsb am¿§-Z¿i\w sNøp-hm-\mWv Xm≥ A√m-lp-hn-

t\m-S-t]-£n-°p-∂-sX-∂pw, AXmWv Xm≥ Dt±-in-°p∂ klm-b-sa∂pw

Nq≠n-°m-Wn®p sIm≠v Ah≥ ]d-bp∂p: nº«p≤nàr°ùoªrdG n•Gnôu°üdG Énfp~rgpG (\o

Rßsf t\¿am¿§-Øn-te°p hgn ImWn-t°-W-ta) A\-¥cw Xm≥

Dt±-in-°p∂ t\¿am¿§w GXm-sW∂p Ah≥ hni-Z-am-°p∂p: rºp¡r«n∏nY nârªn©rfnG

nøjpòsdG n•Gnôp°U (A-Xm-bXv \o A\p-K-ln-®-h-cpsS am¿§w) \_n-am¿, kXy-

k-‘-∑m¿, XymKn-h-cy-cmb c‡-km-£n-Iƒ, a‰p≈ k÷-\-ßƒ F∂n-

h-sc-bmWv Xm≥ A\p-K-ln-®n-´p-≈-sX∂v "Jp¿B\n¬' A√mlp ]-

kvXm-hn-®n- p≠v. AXmWv Cu hmIyw sIm≠-h≥ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. CXp

]d-bp-tºmƒ c≠p Iq´¿ Ahs‚ Hm¿Ω-bn¬ hcp-∂p. 1. kXyw C∂-

Xm-sW∂v a\- n-em-bn´p IqSn, Alw-`mhw sImt≠m, a¿°-S-ap-jvSn-aq-

etam AXp ssIs°m≈msX \S∂p A√m-lp-hn-s‚bpw temI-Øn-

s‚bpw tIm]-Øn\p ]mXo-`-hn-®-h¿. 2. a\p-jy-cpsS bYm¿∞m-`n-hr≤n

am¿§w GXm-sW∂p a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ ian-°pI Xs∂ sNømsX hgn-

]n-g®p Pohn-°p-∂-h¿. Cu c≠p Iq´-cm-W-Xv. AXn-\m¬ AØ-c-°m¿

\S-°p∂ hgn-bn¬ NmSn-t∏m-ImsX Xs∂ c£n-°p-hm-\mbn Ah≥ A√m-

lp-hn-t\mSp ]m¿∞n-°p∂p: .nø`«udÉs° dG n’nh rºp¡r«n∏nY pÜƒo° r¨nªrdG pôr«nZ (tIm-]-

Øn\p ]mXo- -hn-®-h-cp-tSbpw hgn-]n-g-®-h-cp-tSbpw am¿§-a-√). Ah-km\w

]kvXpX ]m¿∞-\-I-sf√mw kzoI-cn-t°-Wta F∂p ImWn®p sIm≠p

73


Ah≥ ho≠pw At]-£n-°p-∂p. rø`«peBG (Cu ]m¿∞\ kzoI-cn-t°-

Wta!)

Xs‚ Pohn-X-bmX hgn-]n-g®p t]mImsX e£yw ]m]n-t°-≠-Xn\p

hgn-Im-Wn-°p-hm-\m-Ws√m Ah≥ A√m-lp-hn-t\m-S-t]-£n-®-Xv. Cu Ah-

k-c-Øn¬ oΩnƒrbnG n»pg »pàs∏pd …p~r¡nj n¿BGrôo≤rdG Gnòng s¿pG ""Xo¿®-bmbpw Cu "Jp¿-B≥'

G‰hpw t\tc-bp≈ am¿§-Øn-te°p (a-\p-jy-sc) hgn-Im-Wn-°p-∂-Xm-

sW∂p'' ≈ ssZh-k-tμiw Ahs‚ a\- n¬ DZbw sNøp-∂p. At∏m-

gmWv Jp¿-B-\nse Hc-≤ym-btam As√-¶n¬ Ipsd hmIy-ßtfm Ah≥

HmXp-∂-Xv.

CXp-hsc ][m-\-ambn a\- p-sIm≠pw hm°p sIm≠pw amX-amWv

Xs‚ `‡n-_-lp-am-\-ßƒ Ah≥ ssZhk-∂n-[n-bn¬ ]I-Sn-∏n-®n-cp-∂-

Xv. Ct∏mƒ ]Xn-I-c-W-ß-sf-s°m≠v Xs‚ `‡nbpw hn\-bhpw Ah≥

ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ ka¿∏n-°p-hm≥ Dt±-in-°p-∂p. AXn-\m¬ rônÑrcnG o¬s∏dnG(A-√mlp G‰hpw alm≥) F∂p ]d-™p-sIm≠p Ah≥ Xe Ip\n-

°p-I-bpw, ssIc≠pw Imens‚ ap´n-t∑¬ sh®p-sIm≠p ssZh-kvtXmXw

Bh¿Øn-®m-h¿Øn®p sNm√p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. rº«p¶n©rdG n»uHnQ n¿ÉnërÑo°S (Fs‚

c£n-Xmhv alm\pw ]cn-ip-≤-\p-am-sW∂p Rm≥ kΩ-Xn®p ]d-bp-I-

bpw, Rm≥ Ahs\ kvXpXn-°bpw sNøp∂p) F∂mWv AhnsS sh®p

Ah≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. CXv hfsc A¿∞-h-Ømb Hcp kvtXmX-h-N-\-am-

Wv. "imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb Fs‚ hf¿®-°m-h-iy-amb k¿Δ-

ku-I-cy-ßfpw sNbvXp X∂p Fs∂ ]cn-]m-en-°p∂ Hcp c£n-Xmhv

F\n-°p≠v; Ah≥ \m\m-hn[ al-Xz-ßfpw XnI-™-h-\mWv; F\n°p

]e Ip‰-ßfpw IpdhpIfp-ap≠v; F∂m¬ alm-\mb Fs‚ c£n-Xm-

hn\p bmsXmcp hn[Ønepap≈ Ipd-hpw, hogvN-bp-an√; CXp ]q¿Æ-

t_m-[-tØmSp IqSn Rm≥ kΩ-Xn®p ]dbp-∂p.' CXmWv CXns‚

A¿∞w. A\-¥cw o√n~pªnM rønªpd o¬s∏dG n™pªn°S (A-√m-lp-hns\ kvXpXn-®-hs‚

kvXpXn Ah≥ kzoI-cn-°-s´) F∂p ]d™p sIm≠p Ah≥ Xe

Db¿Øn \nh¿∂p \nev°p-∂p. ]n∂oSv Xm≥ amX-a-√, temIw \nd-sb-

bp≈ k¿Δ-km-[-\-ß-fpw Ahs\ kvXpXn-°p-∂p-sh∂p kqNn-∏n-®p-

sIm≠v Ah≥ ]d-bp∂p: p¢VrQnC’rG nCÉr∏penh päGnƒnªs°ùdG nCÉr∏pe o~rªnërdG n∂nd ÉnæsHnQ (R-ß-

fpsS c£n-Xm-sh) BIm-i`qanIƒ \nd-sb-bp≈ kvXpXn \n\-°m-Ip-

∂p. AXm-b-Xv, temIhpw AXn-ep≈ k¿Δ-kzhpw \o krjvSn-®-Xm-Wv.

CX at\m-l-c-amb hn[-Øn¬ Chsb krjvSn®p ]cn-]m-en-°p-∂Xp

sIm≠v temIw \nd-sb-bp≈ k¿Δ km[-\-ßfpw \ns‚ \masØ

Io¿Ø\w sNøp∂p F∂¿∞w.

74


temIw apgp-h\pw A√m-lp-hns‚ \masØ Io¿Ø\w sNøp-∂p-

sh∂pw AX-I≠v al-Xzhpw HuZm-cy-hp-ap-≈-h-\mWv Ah-s\∂pw Hm¿Ω

hcp-tºmƒ Ahs‚ t\tc-bp≈ ‡n \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂-hs‚ lrZ-b-Øn¬

hgn-s™m-gp-Ip-hm≥ XpS-ßp-∂p. At∏m-gmWv hn\-b-Øn-s‚bpw _lp-

am-\-Øn-s‚bpw AtßA‰w ]Z¿in-∏n-°-Ø-°-hÆw Xs‚ icocmh-b-

ß-fn¬ G‰hpw BZ-c-Wo-b-amb apJsØ \ne-Øp-sh®p A√m-lp-hn-

t\m-Sp≈ _lp-am\w ]I-Sn-∏n-°-W-sa∂p Ah≥ BK-ln-°p-∂-Xv.

Aßn-s\ rônÑrcnG o¬s∏dnG (A-√mlp G‰hpw alm≥) F∂p sNm√n-s°m≠p

Ah≥ kmjvSmwKw sNøp-∂p. CXn-ep-]-cn-bmbn Hcp a\p-jy\v Xs‚

`‡n-_-lp-am-\-ßƒ ]I-Sn-∏n-°pI km≤ya√-s√m. B Ah-k-c-Øn¬

Ah≥ ]d-bp∂ hm°pw B ÿnXn-°-\p-tbm-Py-am-bn-´p-≈Xp Xs∂-bm-

Wv. ≈n∏rYnC’rG n»uHnQ n¿ÉnërÑo°S (Fs‚ c£n-Xmhv G‰hpw D∂-X\pw ]cn-ip-≤-\p-

am-sW∂p Rm≥ kΩ-Xn®p ]d-bp-Ibpw Rm≥ Ahs\ kvXpXn-°p-

Ibpw sNøp-∂p). F∂mWv At∏mƒ Ah≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. A\-¥cw rônÑrcnG

o¬s∏dnG (A-√mlp G‰hpw alm≥) F∂p sNm√n-s°m≠v Xe Db¿Øn,

Xm≥ Cßn-s\-sb√mw hn\b _lp-am-\-ßƒ ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂Xp sIm≠v

Xt∂mSp I\n-hp-≠m-tI-Wta F∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ ssZh k∂n-[n-bn¬

Ah≥ Cßns\ ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

»pæpaÉnYnh »pfp~rgGnh »pærboRrQGnh »pær©narQGnh »pfrôoÑrLGnh »pærªnMrQGnh »pdrôpØrZG »uHnQ

(c-£n-Xmth! \o Fs‚ ]m]-ßƒ s]mdpØp Xcn-Ibpw Ft∂mSp

Zb-Im-Wn-°p-Ibpw sNtø-Wta! F\n-°p≈ t]mcm-bva-Ifpw hogvN-Ifpw

\nI-Øn-Ø-cn-I-bpw, Fs∂ D∂-X-amb ]Z-hn-bn¬ FØn®p Xcn-Ibpw

sNtø-Wsa! F\n°p \o D]-Po-h-\-am¿§w D≠m-°n-Ø-cn-I-bpw,

k∑m¿§w ImWn®p Xcn-I-bpw. kuJyw \¬IpIbpw sNtø-Wta!)

Xs‚ ico-cm-h-b-h-ß-fn¬ sh®p G‰hpw DØ-a-amb apJw \ne-Øp

sh®p `‡n-bp-Sbpw hn\-b-Øn-s‚bpw AtßA‰w ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬

ka¿∏n-®-Xn¬ X\n-°p-bm-sXmcp aSp∏pw tXm∂p-∂n-s√∂pw Xs‚ lrZ-

bm-¥¿`m-K-Øp-\n∂v hgn-s™m-gp-Ip∂ `‡n-bmWv Xm≥ ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-

∂-sX-∂pw, AXp Hcn-°¬IqSn Bh¿Øn-°p-hm≥ Xm≥ BK-ln-°p-

∂p-sh-∂pw, CXn-ep-]-cn-bmbhn[-Øn¬ hn\-b-_-lp-am-\ßƒ ]I-Sn-∏n-

°pI X\n°p km≤y-a-s√-∂p-ap≈ A¿∞-Øn¬, rônÑrcnG o¬s∏dnG (A-√mlp

G‰hpw alm≥) F∂p sNm√n-s°m≠p ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ Ah≥

ho≠pw kmjvSmwKw sNøp-∂p. apºp sNm√n-bn-cp∂ AtX kvtXmX-h-

N\w Xs∂-bmWv Ah≥ Ct∏mgpw Bh¿Øn-°p-∂Xv. a\pjykm-≤y-

75


amb hn[-Øn-se√mw Xs‚ ‡n-_-lp-am-\-ß¬ Ah≥ ]ISn∏n®p Ign-

™p. C\n AXns\ Bh¿Øn-°p-I-b-√msX Ah\p bmsXm∂pw km≤y-

a-√, AXp-sIm≠p Ah≥ ho≠pw Fgp-t\‰p \n∂v apºp sNbvXn-´p≈

]hr-Øn-Iƒ Hmtcm∂pw Bh¿Øn°phm≥ XpS-ßp-∂p. Aßn-s\-bmWv

"dIv-A-Øp'-Iƒ H∂n-e-[nIw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv.

a\p-jys‚ lrZ-b-Øn\p Htc hnjb-Øn¬, AXp FX-Xs∂ Kuc-

h-ta-dn-btXm B\-μ-I-ctam Bbmepw icn, A[n-I-t\cw ASßn-\n-

ev°pI km≤y-a-√. AXns‚ B kz`m-hØn\p hncp-≤-ambn Htc hnj-

b-Øn¬ Zo¿L-t\cw AXns\ ]nSn-®p-\n¿Øp-hm≥ \mw ian-®m¬

\ΩpsS \nb-¥-W-Øn-∂-[o-\-s∏-SmsX AXp NmSn-t∏m-bn-°-f-bp∂Xpam-

Wv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ ssZh-kvtXm-X-ßfpw ]m¿∞-

\-Ifpw CS-°nsS am‰n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ico-c-Øns‚ ÿnXnbpw CXp-

X-s∂-bm-Wv. Htc tPmen-bn¬ A[n-I-t\cw Ccp-∂m¬ AXn\pw Dt∑-j-

°p-dhp hcn-Ibpw Ah-km\w B Dt∑j°p-dhv a\- n-s\-°qSn _m[n-

°pIbpw sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv. \nh¿∂p \nev°p-I, Ip\n™p \nev°pI, Ccn-

°p-I, Fgp-t∂-ev°p-I, kmjvSmwKw sNøpI F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ ÿnXn-

hy-Xym-k-ßƒ hcp-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xn¬ Hfn-™p-In-S-°p∂ Hcp ][m\

clkyw CXm-Ip-∂p. temI-Øn-ep≈ \m\m-a-X-ÿ¿ Ccp-∂pw, \n∂pw,

kmjvSmwKw sNbvXpw, Ip\n™p \n∂pw ssZhsØ Bcm-[n-°p-∂-Xmbn

\mw ImWp-∂p-≠v. B kº-Zm-b-ß-sf√mw C…m-anI \a-kvImcw

Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p. AXn\p ]pdsa Ah-sc√mw \S-Øp-∂-Xp-t]m-sebm

AYhm AXn-s\-°mƒ DØ-a-amb hn[-Øntem D≈ [ym\-ßfpw AXn-

e-S-ßn-bn-´p-≠v. \a-kvImcw, A√m-lp-hns‚ amlm-flysØ ASn-ÿm-\-

am°n sNøp∂ Nne InbIfpw hm°p-I-fp-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv

AXnse Ne-\-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ rônÑrcnG o¬s∏dnG (A-√mlp G‰hpw alm≥)

F∂p Bh¿Øn®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

Aßns\ Ah-km\w \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂-h≥ hn\-b-]q¿Δw Ccp∂p

ssZh-k-∂n-[nsb Cßns\ A`n-hmZyw sNøp-∂p.

¬s∏pd oäÉnÑu«s£dG oäGnƒn∏s°üdG oäÉncnQÉnÑoªrdG oäÉs«pësàdnG (F√m A`n-hm-Zy-ßfpw, A\p-

Kr-lo-X-ßfmb F√m hkvXp-°fpw, F√m ]m¿∞-\-I-fpw, ]cn-ip≤ß-

fmb F√m Bcm[\Ifpw A√m-lp-hn\p amX-ap-≈-Xm-Ip-∂p) AXm-b-

Xv, Cu ]]-©sØ CX A¤p-X-I-c-amw-hÆw krjvSn®p ]cn-]m-en-

°p∂ A√mlp krjvSn-Pm-e-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw \m\m-hn-[-ß-fmb A`n-hm-

Zy-ßƒ kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ Ah-Im-i-s∏-´-h-\m-sW-∂pw, A\p-Kr-lo-X-ß-

fmb k¿ΔhkvXp-°-fp-tSbpw DS-a-ÿ≥ Ah-\m-sW-∂pw, k¿Δ

k¬I¿Ω-ßfpw ]m¿∞-\-Ifpw Ah-\m-bn-´mWv \S-tØ-≠-sX∂pw

76


kmcw. CXp ]d-bp-tºmƒ CØcw almkn≤m-¥-ß-fn-te°p Xs∂ hgn-

Im-Wn® apl-ΩZv \_n (k)sb IrX-⁄-Xm-]q¿Δw Ah≥ kvacn-°p-

I-bpw, At±-l-Øn\p Ah≥ awK-fhpw im¥nbpw t\cp-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p.

o¬oJÉncnônHnh p¬s∏dG oánªrMnQnh t»pÑsædG Én¡tjnG n∂r«n∏nY oΩnÓs°ùdnG (\-_n-tb, Atßbv°v

A√mlphn¶¬ \n∂p≈ c£bpw, Imcp-Wy-hpw, A\p-K-lhpw e`n-°-

s´). A\-¥-cw, kZvhr-Ø-cmbn Pohn-°p∂ apkvenw ktlm-Z-c-∑m-cp-sSbpw

Xs‚bpw c£°pw kam-[m-\-Øn-\p-ambn Ah≥ ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

rø`«pëpdÉs°üdG p¬s∏dG pOÉnÑpY ≈n∏nYnh Énær«n∏nY oΩnÓs°ùdnG A√m-lp-hn-¶¬ \n∂p≈ c£bpw

kam-[m-\hpw Rßƒ°pw a‰p k÷-\-ßƒ°pw e`n-°s´)

GI-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\m-t_m-[-tØmSp IqSn-bmWs√m Ah≥ \a-kvImcw

Bcw-`n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. AXn-\m¬ Xs‚ \a-kvImcw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p∂ L´-

Ønepw B t_m[w X\n-°p≈Xmbn Ah≥ Bh¿Øn-°p∂p: o¬s∏dG s’pG

n¬ndpG n’ r¿nG o~n¡r°TnG A√m-lp-h-√msX Bcm-[y-\mbn a‰m-cp-an-s√∂p Rm≥

km£ys∏Sp-Øp-∂p.) Chn-sS, "A√mlp A√msX Bcm-[y-\mbn a‰mcpan-

s√'∂p X\n°p t_m[-ap-≈-Xmbn Ah≥ ]Jym-]n-°p-tºmƒ, ]hr-

Øn-sIm≠v IqSn AXv ImWn-°p-hm-\mbn Ah≥ ssIhn-c¬ Nq≠p-∂p.

A\-¥cw X\n°p B t_m[ap-≠m°nØ∂ apl-ΩZv \_n-sb-t∏mepw

Hcp ssZh-Zq-X-\m-bn-´-√m-sX, ssZh-ambn kzoI-cn-®n-´n-s√∂p kqNn-∏n®p

sIm≠v Ah≥ ]d-bp∂p: p¬s∏dG o∫ƒo°SsQ Gk~sªnëoe s¿nG o~n¡r°TnGnh (ap-l-ΩZv \_n

A√m-lp-hns‚ ZqX-\m-sW∂p Rm≥ km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p) XpS¿∂p-

sIm≠v \_n-bp-tSbpw A\p-bm-bn-I-fp-tSbpw \∑-°mbn Ah≥ ]m¿∞n-

°p-∂p.

p∫BG ≈n∏nYnh nº«pgGnôrHpG ≈n∏nY nâr«s∏n°U Énªnc m~sªnëoe p∫BG ≈n∏nYnh m~sªnëoe ≈n∏nY uπn°U sºo¡s∏dnG

≈n∏nYnh nº«pgGnôrHpG ≈n∏nY nârcnQÉnH Énªnc m~sªnëoe p∫BG ≈n∏nYnh m~sªnëoe ≈n∏nY r∑pQÉnHnh nº«pgGnôrHpG

.l~«péne l~«pªnM n∂sfpG nø`«pªndÉn©rdG »pa nº«pgGnôrHpG p∫BG

(A-√m-lpsh! C_m-lnw-\-_n-tbmSpw At±-l-Øns‚ A\p-bm-bn-I-

tfmSpw \o IcpW ImWn-®Xp t]mse-Xs∂ apl-ΩZv \_n (k) tbmSpw

A\p-bm-bn-I-tfmSpw \o IcpW ImWn-t°-Wta! a\pjy-k-ap-Zm-b-Øn¬

sh®p C_m-lnw-\-_n-tbbpw A\p-bm-bn-I-tfbpw \o ]tXy-I-ambn A\p-

K-ln-®Xp t]mse Xs∂, apl-ΩZv \_n (k) tbbpw A\p-bm-bn-I-

sfbpw \o A\p-K-ln-t°-Wsa! Xo¿®-bmbpw \o kvXpXy¿l\pw alm-

77


\p-am-Ip-∂p) AXm-bXv C_mlnw \_n-bpsS BZ¿i-ßƒ°pw, AX-

\p-k-cn®v \S-°p-∂-h¿°pw temIØv hf-cp-hm≥ \o kuIcyw sNbvXp

sImSp-ØXp t]mse-Xs∂ apl-ΩZv \_n (k) sIm≠p h∂n-´p≈ AXn-

hn-in-jvS-amb B Pohn-X-kn-≤m-¥-ßƒ°pw, AX-\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p-∂-

h¿°pw \o hfcp-hm≥ kuIcyw sNbvXp sImSp-t°Wta F∂¿∞w.

AXn-\p-tijw Xs‚ ]°¬ \n∂p Adnt™m Adn-bm-sXtbm h∂p-

t]m-bn-´p≈ \m\m-hn[w sX‰p-Iƒ s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp-°p-hm-\mbn A√m-

lp-hn-t\mSp Ah≥ At]£n-°p-∂p.

Ct∏mƒ Ah≥ ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ sh®p≈ kw`mjWw Ign™p

temIcw-K-tØ°p aS-ßp-hm≥ t]mIbmWv. ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ sh®p

Ah≥ sNbvXn-´p≈ ]Xn-⁄-Isf sX‰n-°p-hm-\mbn \ne-sIm-≈p∂

Nne ss]im-Nn-I-i-‡n-Isf temI-cw-KØp X\n-°-`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t°-≠n-

h-cp-sa∂p Ah\p \√ t_m[-ap-≠v. AXp-sIm≠v Ah-bn¬ \n∂pw

a‰pap≈ D]-Z-h-ßƒ X-S™p Xs∂ c£n-°p-hm-\mbn Ah≥ A√m-

lp-hn-t\mSp ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

A\¥cw p¬s∏dG oánªrMnQnh rºoμr«n∏nY oΩnÓs°ùdnG (\n-ßƒ°v A√m-lp-hn-¶¬ \n∂p≈

kam-[m-\hpw A\p-K-lhpw e`n-°-s´) F∂p CShpw hehpw Xncn™p

`qan-bpsS c≠¿≤-`m-K-ß-fpsS t\sc t\m°n, temI-Øn\p awK-fhpw

im¥nbpw t\¿∂p-sIm≠v Ah≥ ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ \n∂p ]pd-Øp-h-

∂p. temI-hy-h-lm-c-Øn¬ ho≠pw ]th-in-°p-∂p.

\a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ Dt±iyw

tase-gp-Xnb hnh-c-Wßfn¬ \n∂p a\pjy\p ssZh-kva-c-Wbpw

IrXy-t_m-[hpw Df-hm°n k∑m¿K-Øn¬ \n∂p hyXn-N-en-°msX

Ahs\ XS™p \ndp-Øp-I-bmWv \a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ Dt±-i-sa∂v hy‡-

am-b-s√m. CXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-bm-Wv.

pônμræoªrdGnh pAÉn°ûrënØrdG pønY ≈n¡rænJ nIƒn∏s°üdG s¿pG ""-\-a-kvImcw Xo¿®-bmbpw \oN-Ir-

Xy-ß-sfbpw \njn-≤-I¿Ω-ß-sfbpw XS-bp-∂-Xm-sW''∂p Jp¿-B≥

]Jym-]n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. ]s£ ta¬]-d™ hn[-Øn-ep≈ t_m[-tØmSp

IqSn \a-kvImcw \n¿Δ-ln-°p-∂-h¿°p amXsa B ^ew kn≤n-°p-I-

bp-≈p. XXzßƒ Kln-°m-sXbpw lrZ-b-km-∂n-≤y-an-√m-sXbpw \S-

Øp∂ \a-kvImcw sIm≠p CØcw KpWßsfm∂pw Xs∂ e`n°pI-

bn-√. amX-a-√, AØcw \a-kvIm-c-°m¿°v \∑°v ]Icw \mi-amWp≠m-

bn-ØocpI F∂p-IqSn Jp¿-B≥ Xm°oXp sNbvXn-´p-≠v. ""XßfpsS

\a-kvImcsØ-°p-dn®v Ai≤cmbn-cn-°p-Ibpw a‰p-≈-hsc ImWn-°p-

hm-\mbn \a-kvI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ \a-kvIm-c-°m¿°mWv `b-¶c-

78


\miw.'' F∂p Jp¿B≥ D¬t_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂p. ""`b-`-‡n-tbm-Sp-IqSn \a-

kvI-cn-°p∂ kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ Xo¿®-bmbpw hnPbw ]m]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.''

F∂mWv as‰mcp ÿeØp Jp¿-B≥ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xv.

\a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ B¥-c-X-Xz-ßƒ°-√, AXns‚ _mly-N-Sßp-

Iƒ°mWv \mw C∂p ]m[m\yw Iev]n-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv \a-

kvIm-c-Øns‚ B¥-cm¿∞ßƒ \ΩpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ ]Xn-ên®p

ImWm-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xpw. \mw \a-kvImcØn¬ ]th-in-°p-tºm-gp≈

\ΩpsS a\-ÿn-Xn°p \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ \n∂p hnc-an®p Ign-bp-tºmƒ

h√ ]cn-h¿Ø-\hpw h∂p-I-gn™n-´pt≠m F∂p \mw kq£va-ambn ]cn-

tim-[n-t°-≠Xm-Ip-∂p.

\ΩpsS lrZ-b-Øn\p ssZh-kva-c-Wbpw IrXy-t_m-[hpw h∂p Ign-

™n- p-s≠-¶n¬ \ΩpsS \a-kvImcw k -e-am-sb∂p \ap-°-\p-am-\n-°mw.

AX-√, \ΩpsS lrZbw ]gb ÿnXnbn¬Øs∂ \ne-sIm-≈p-I-bmWv

sNøp-∂-sX-¶n¬, \ΩpsS tZl-ip-≤nbpw hkvX-[m-c-W-hp-sa√mw FX-

Xs∂ icn-bm-bn-´p-s≠-¶n¬ IqSn, \ΩpsS \a-kvImcw AXns‚ Dt±-

iysØ kw_-‘n-t®-S-tØmfw k^-e-am-bn-ń-s√∂p \mw [cn-®n-cn-t°-

≠-Xm-Ip-∂p. ssZham¿§-Øn¬ arK-ßsf _en-I-gn-°p-∂-h-tcmSv A√mlp

Iev]n-°p-∂-Xv, ""Ah-bpsS amwkhpw c‡hpw ssZh-Øn-¶-se-Øp-I-bn-

√, \nß-fpsS lrZ-b-Øn-ep≈ IrXy-t_m[w amXsa Ahs‚ ASp-

°¬ FØp-I-bp≈p'' F∂m-Ip-∂p. BNm-c-hnjbßfnse _mly-amb

NS-ßp-Iƒ°-√, Ah-bpsS B¥-c-X-Xz-ßƒ°mWv ]m[m\yw Iev]n-

t°-≠sX∂p Cu hmIyw aqew A√mlp \sΩ Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

AXp-sIm≠v \a-kvIm-c-Ønse "ZnIvdp' Ifp-sS-bpw, ]m¿∞-\-I-fp-sSbpw

A¿∞-ßƒ a\- n-cpØn Btem-Nn-®p-sIm≠p \mw \a-kvI-cn-t°-≠-

Xm-Ip-∂p. At∏mƒ amXta \a-kvImcw sIm≠p≈ bYm¿∞ êw

\ap°p kn≤n-°p-I-bp-≈q.

Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ Hcp ][m\ kwKXn ap…nw-I-fpsS i≤-bn¬

sIm≠p-h-cp-hm≥ Rßƒ BK-ln-°p-∂p. ap…nw Ipń-Iƒ°v \m\m-hn[

hnZy-Iƒ \mw A`y-kn-∏n-°p-∂p. AXn-\mbn \mw ]e _p≤n-ap-´p-Ifpw

A\p-`-hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. aX-hn-j-b-ßfpw Ipsd-sb√mw \mw Ahsc

A`y-kn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. F∂m¬ AXn-]-[m-\-amb \a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ B¥-

cm¿∞-ßsfm AXn¬ sNm√p∂ "ZnIvdp' Ifp-sSbpw "]m¿∞-\-I-fp-sSbpw

A¿∞-ßsfm \mw Ahsc ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂n√. CXv òa-amb Hcp sX‰p

Xs∂-bm-sW∂p kΩ-Xn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-hm≥ bmXcp \nhr-Øn-bp-an-√. \a-

kvIm-c-Øn¬ sNm√p∂ "ZnIvdp' Ifpw a‰pw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ AtX Ah-k-

cØn¬ Xs∂ Ah-bpsS A¿∞-ßƒ IqSn \mw Ah¿°p ]Tn-∏n-°p-

hm≥ ian-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXp \njv]-bmkw km≤y-am-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.

79


CXv taen-se-¶nepw c£n-Xm-°ƒ i≤n-°p-sa∂p Rßƒ hniz-kn-°p-

∂p.

lrZ-b-km-∂n-≤y-an-√msX \S-Øp∂ \a-kvImcw ^e-iq-\y-am-sW∂p

H´-[nIw Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-ßfpw \_n-h-N-\-ß-fpw Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂p-

≠v. ""G‰hpw Zpjn® tamjWw \S-Øp∂Xv \a-kvImcw tamjvSn-°p-∂-

h-\m-sW''∂p \_n (k) Hcn-°¬ ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn. CXp tI´-t∏mƒ

""\a-kvIm-csØ tamjvSn-°p-∂-sX-ßn-s\-bm-sW''∂p klm-_n-Iƒ tNmZn-

®p. ""kpPpZpw dpIDw apd-]-Imcw \n¿Δ-ln-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠p

Xs∂'' F∂mWv \_n (k) AXn\p adp-]Sn ]d-™-Xv. ""\a-kvI-cn-°p-

∂-h≥ A√m-lp-hp-ambn kw`m-jWw sNbvI-bmWv sNøp-∂Xv; AXp-

sIm≠p Xm≥ A√m-lp-hp-ambn kw`m-jWw sNøp-∂-sX-¥m-sW∂p

Ah≥ Hm¿Ωn-°s´'' F∂p as‰mcp lZo-kn¬ \_n (k)D]-tZ-in-®n-´p-

≠v. Dd°w h∂m¬ Ddßn Fgp-t∂-‰-Xn\p tijw amXsa \a-kvI-cn-

°mhp F∂pw, Cs√-¶n¬ a\- -dn-bmsX B Ah-k-c-Øn¬ \S-Øp∂

]m¿∞\ Xt∂m-Sp≈ iIm-c-ambn amdn-t∏m-Im≥ CS-bp-s≠∂pw as‰mcp

lZo-kn¬ \_n (k) D]-tZ-in-®n-cn-°p-∂p. C]-Imcw Xs∂ hni-

∏p≈t∏mƒ, `£Ww Xøm-dm-bn-cn-°p-∂ps≠¶n¬, AXp Ign-®n-´-√msX

\a-kvI-cn-°-cp-sX∂pw \_n D]-tZ-in-®n-´p-≠v. CtX ]Imcw Xs∂ ae-

aq-X-hn-k¿÷\w \n¿Δ-ln-t°≠ Bh-iy-ap-≠m-Ip-tºmgpw AXp \n¿Δ-

ln-®n-´-√msX \a-kvI-cn-°-cp-sX∂p \_n Iev]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. lrZ-b-km-

∂n≤yw e`n-°p-hm≥ ]bm-k-ap≈ kμ¿ -ß-fm-b-Xp-sIm-≠mWv Cu Ah-

k-c-ß-fn-se√mw \a-kvImcw hntcm-[n-®n-´p≈Xv. CXp \mw \√-t]mse

Hm¿t°-≠-Xm-Ip-∂p. \a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ Dt±-i-sØ-∏‰n A√mlp ]dbp-

∂-Xv …pôrcpòpd nIƒn∏s°üdG pºpbnG ""Fs∂ Hm¿Ωn-°p-hm-\mbn \o \a-kvImcw apd-

]-Imcw A\p-jvTn-°pI'' F∂m-Ip-∂p.

aXm-Nm-c-ß-fpsS B¥-cm¿∞-ßƒ Kln-®n-´n-√mØ Nn¥m-iq-\y-cmb

Nne Bfp-Iƒ \a-kvImcw apX-emb BNm-c-ßsf Xosc sX‰n-≤-cn-®n-cn-

°p-∂p. ""ssZhw kvXpXn-]n-b\pw hgn-]m-Sp-tam-lnbpw'' Bb-Xp-sIm-≠mWv

CØcw BNm-c-ßƒ \S-Øp-hm≥ \njvI¿jn-®n-´p-≈-sX-∂mWv Ah¿

[cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hmkvXhw t\sc adn-®m-Ip-∂p. a\p-jy¿ ssZhm-cm-[\

\S-Øn-b-Xp-sIm-≠v ssZh-Øn\p bmsXmcp ]pWyhpw e`n-°p-hm-\n√;

t\sc-a-dn®p a\p-jy¿°p amX-amWv AXp-sIm≠p KpWw kn≤n-°p-∂-

Xv. ""k¿Δ-kvXp-Xnbpw k¿Δ temI-c-£n-Xm-hmb A√m-lp-hn-∂m-Ip∂p''

F∂p ]d-bp-tºm¬ temIsØ ]cn-]m-en-°bpw ipiq-jn-°bpw sNtø-

≠Xpw, D]-Imcw sNbvX-h-tcmSp \μn ImWn-t°-≠Xpw Xs‚ apdbm-

sW∂p \a-kvI-cn-°p∂ a\pjy\p t_m[yw hcp-∂-Xm-Wv. A√mlp ""Icp-

Wm-\n-[nbpw ImcpWn-I-\p-amsW'' ∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ krjv-Sn-I-tfmSp Icp-

80


WtbmSp IqSn s]cp-am-td-≠Xv Xs‚ IS-a-bm-sW∂v Ah\p t_m[yw

hcp-∂-Xm-Wv. A√mlp ""]Xn-^ew sImSp-°p∂ Znh-k-Øns‚ DS-a-ÿ-

\msW''∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ a\p-jy\p Xs‚ ]hr-Øn-I-fp-sS-sb√mw KpW-

tZm-j-ßƒ Hcn-°¬ A\p-`-hn-t°-≠Xmbn hcp-sa∂pw AXp-sIm≠v

Xm≥ Ft∏mgpw sX‰p h∂p t]mIp-∂Xp kq£n-®n-cn-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂pw

Ah\p t_m[w D≠m-Ip-∂p. ""\ns‚ apºn¬ amXsa Rßƒ ASn-a-Xz-

`m-h-Øn¬ s]cp-am-dp -I-bp≈p'' F∂v Hcp Znhkw 17 ]mhiyw

Bh¿Øn®p ]d-bp-tºmƒ a‰p-≈-h-cpsS apºn¬ ASnaXz- m-h-Øn¬ s]cp-

am-dp-hm≥ ]mSn-s√∂pw AXp sX‰m-sW∂pw \a-kvI-cn-°p∂ a\pjy\p

Hm¿Ω hcp-∂-Xm-Wv. ""\nt∂mSp amXsa Rßƒ klm-b-Øn-\-t]-£n-

°p-∂p≈p'' F∂v Hcp Znhkw H∂n-e-[nIw ]mhiyw Bh¿Øn®p ]d-

bp-tºmƒ, ]cm-i-b-ioew A\m-im-ky-am-sW∂p Ah\p t_m[w hcn-

Ibpw ss[cyw h¿≤n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv. \o Rßsf t\¿am¿§-

Øn-te°v hgn ImWn-t°-Wta'' F∂p ]m¿∞n-°p-tºmƒ, Xs‚

PohnXw hgn]ng®p t]mIm-Xn-cn-t°-≠-Xn-∂m-h-iy-amb hnZym- ymkw t\tS-

≠Xv Xs‚ apd-bm-sW∂p Ah\p t_m[w hcp-∂-Xm-Wv. ""\o A\p-K-

ln®hcpsS am¿§-Øn-te-°v, hgn-]n-g-®-h-cp-tSbpw tIm]-Øn\p ]mXo-`-

hn-®-h-cp-tSbpw am¿§-Øn-te-°√'' F∂p ]dbp-tºmƒ Zp¿hr-Øcpw aqV-

∑mcpw \S-°p∂ hgn-bn-e-√, alm-∑m¿ \S-∂n-´p≈ hgn-bn-emWv Xm≥

\S-t°-≠-sX∂p Ah\v t_m[w hcp-∂-Xm-Wv. ""Rßƒ klm-b-Øn-\-

t]£n-°p∂p; Rßsf t\¿am¿§-Øn-te°v hgn ImWn-t°-Wta;

Rßƒ°p-w a‰p k÷-\-ßƒ°pw c£bp-≠m-hs´!'' F∂n-ßs\ _lp-

h-N\ cq]-Øn¬ ]m¿∞n-°p-tºmƒ a\p-jy≥ Hcn-°epw kzm¿∞n-bm-

bn-cn-°-cp-sX-∂pw, Ah\p Ft∏mgpw Xs‚ ktlm-Z-c-ß-fpsS t£a-Øn¬

i≤bp-≠m-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂pw Ah\p t_m[w hcp-∂p. ""Fs‚ ]m]w

s]mdpØp Xcn-Ibpw F\n-°p≈ hogvN-Iƒ ]cn-l-cn®p XcnIbpw Fs∂

D∂-X-amb ]Z-hn-bn¬ FØn-°bpw sNtø-Wsa'' F∂p ]m¿∞n-°p-

tºmƒ kjvSm-hn-t\mSpw krjvSnItfmSpw bmsXmcp sX‰pw sNø-cp-

sX∂pw X\n-°p≈ t]mcm-bva-I-sf√mw \nIØn D∂-X-amb ]Z-hn-bn-se-

Øm≥ ian-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂pw Ah\p t_m[ap-≠m-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. a‰p

"ZnIvdp'-I-fnepw ]m¿∞-\-I-fnepw CØcw Dt±-i-ßƒ Xs∂-bmWv

Hfn™p InS-°p-∂-Xv. CX-√msX Cßn-s\-sb√mw ]d™Xp sIm≠p

ssZh-Øn\p bmsXmcp ]pWyhpw ta∑bpw e`n-°p-∂n-√.

\a-kvImcw A©p-t\cw \n›-bn-®Xv

\a-kvImcw Hcp-Zn-hkw H∂n-e-[nIw ka-b-ß-fn¬ \n›-bn-®-Xnepw

am\-kn-I-ambpw imco-cn-I-ambpw a‰pw ]e cl-ky-ßfpw AS-ßn-bn-´p-

≠v. `£-W-]m-\o-b-ßƒ aqew ico-c-Øn\p t]mj-Whpw hf¿®bpw

81


e`n-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-Xs∂ [ym\-ßfpw Nn¥-Ifpw aqew Bflm-hn\p

hf¿®bpw hnIm-khpw e`n-°p-∂p-s≠-∂p-≈Xv F√m-hcpw kΩ-Xn-®n-´p-

≈-Xm-Wv. ico-c-Øns‚ hf¿®-°mbn \mw H∂n-e-[nIw ]mhiyw

`£Ww Ign-°p-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v am\-knI hf¿®°v th≠nbpw \mw

CS-°nsS [ym\n-°p-Ibpw Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠-Xm-h-iy-am-Ip-∂p. \a-

kvImcw G‰hpw DØ-a-amb [ym\-ß-sfbpw Nn¥-I-sfbpw Dƒs°m-≈p-

∂-Xm-sW-∂p-≈Xv CXn\p apºv \mw Kln®p Ign-™n-´p-≈-XmWt√m.

AXp-sIm≠v Hcp Znhkw H∂n-e-[nIw ]mhiyw AXp \S-Ø-W-sa∂v

aXw Iev]n-®p.

imco-cn-I-ambn t\m°p-I-bm-sW-¶nepw H∂n-e-[nIw ka-b-ß-fn¬ \a-

kvImcw \n›-bn-®-Xn¬ ]e cl-ky-ßfpw Hfn™p InS-°p-∂p-≠v. DZm-

l-c-W-am-bn-∏-d-bp∂ ]£w, CS-°nsS \a-kvI-cn-°p-Ibpw At∏m-sg√mw

tZlhpw hkvXhpw Ah≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ ÿehpw hrØn-bm°n

sh°p-Ibpw sNø-W-sa∂v hcp-tºmƒ, apºp ]d-™-Xp-t]mse a\p-jy-

cpsS Btcm-Ky-]-c-amb hf¿®°p AXv AXy-[nIw klm-b-I-c-am-bn-

Øo-cp-sa-∂p-≈Xp Xo¿®-bm-W-s√m. a\p-jy-cpsS CS-bn¬ ipNnXzw \ne-

\n-dp-tØ-≠-Xn\p CXn-t\-°mƒ DØ-ahpw ]mtbm-Kn-I-hp-amb Hcp ]≤Xn

B¿°pw I≠p-]n-Sn-°pI km≤y-a√ Xs∂. Btcm-Ky-]-c-am-bn-Øs∂

a‰p Nne KpW-ßfpw \a-kvImcw aqew a\p-jy\p e`n-°p-∂p-≠v. hgnsb

hcp∂ hnh-c-W-ß-fn¬ AXv \ap°v Im¨am≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xm-Wv. C\n

\a-kvImcw A©p-t\cw \n›-bn-®-Xn-ep≈ cl-ky-ßƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.

]`m-Xw, a≤ym-”w, Ak¿ (a-≤ym-”-Øn\pw AkvX-a-\-Øn\pw CS-

bn-ep≈ GXm≠p a≤y-L´w) AkvX-a-\w, Cim (kq-cy-]-Im-i-Øns‚

Ah-in-jvS-ß-sf√mw Xotc ad™p qapJw Ccp- -S-bp∂ ka-bw) Cßns\

A©p t\c-amWv \a-kvIm-cw Iev]n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. kqcys‚ Ne\w aqe-ap-

≠m-Ip∂ Cu A©p-L-´-ßƒ Hmtcm Znh-khpw a\p-jy\v Xs‚ PohnX

Zi-Isf DZm-l-cn®p ImWn®p sImSp-°p∂pw a\p-jy≥ A⁄m-X-amb

GtXm Hcp temI-Øp-\n∂p Cu temIØv Imse-SpØp sh°p-∂p.

]n∂oSv ssii-h-L-´-Øn-eqsS hf¿∂p buΔ-\-Z-isb ]m]n-°p-∂p. B

Zi-bn-emWv HmP pw tXP pw ]cn-]q¿Æ-amb hn[-Øn¬ Ah-\n¬

ktΩ-fn-°p-∂-Xv. ]n∂oSv AXp thKw \in®p t]mIp-∂n-√. Iptd Ime-

tØ°p AXp \o≠p-\n-ev°p-∂p. AXn-\p-tijw AXp £bn-°p-hm≥

XpS-ßp-∂p. Ah-km-\w, Xm≥ h∂ AtX A⁄m-Xm-h-ÿ-bn-te°p

Ah≥ aS-ßp-∂p. CXmWv a\pjy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ ÿnXn. CtX-]-Imcw

Xs∂ A⁄mX-amb GtXm Hcp temI-Øp-\n∂v kqcy≥ \Ωp-sS-t\sc

DZn®p hcp-∂p. A\-¥cw AXp Aev]m-ev]-ambn Db¿∂p ]cn-]q¿Æ-

amb HmP-t mSpw tXP-t mSpw IqSn a≤ym-”-Øn-se-Øp-∂p. ]n∂oSv

82


Iptd t\c-tØ°v tXP- n\v Imcy-amb tIm´-sam∂pw X´msX AXp

Pohn-°p-∂p. A\-¥cw Hcp-Xcw a™ \ndw AXns\ _m[n-°p-∂p. Ah-

km\w AXv \sΩ A‘-Im-c-Øn¬ hn´v h∂ temI-tØ°p Xs∂ aS-

ßn-t∏m-Ip-∂p. Cßn-s\-bmWv kqcy≥ a\p-jy-Po-hn-XsØ DZm-l-cn-°p-

∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v a\pjy\p Cu 5 L´-ßsf Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm-\mbn

5 t\cw \a-kvImcw \n›-bn-®p.

a\p-jy≥ buh-\-Z-isb ]m]n-®m¬ Ahs‚ HmP pw tXP pw

Iptd-Imew \o≠p-\n¬°p-∂-Xm-sW∂pw AXn-\p-tijw amXta

hm¿≤Iyw _m[n-°p-I-bp-≈p-sh∂pw ]d-™p-h-t√m. AXn-\m¬ a\p-jy-

h-f¿®-bpsS ]cn-]q¿Æ-Zi Ah-km-\n-°m≥ t]mIp∂ L´-Øn¬ G‰-

°p-d-hp-I-sfm∂pw IqSmsX apºv ImWn® AtX-hn-[-Øn¬ Hcn-°¬IqSn

A√m-lp-hn-t\mSp IrX⁄X ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ah≥ BK-ln-°p-∂p.

"Ak¿' \a-kvImcw \mep dIv AØv Bhm-\p≈ ImcWw AXm-Wv.

a≤ym”w, Ak¿ F∂o ka-b-ß-fn¬ \a-kvImcw \n›-bn-®-Xn¬

as‰mcp clkyw IqSn-bp-≠v. temI-Øn-ep≈ a\pjysc√mw Xß-fpsS

tPmen-I-fn-te¿s∏-Sp-∂Xv ]I¬ ka-b-Øm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v cmhnse

apX¬ tPmen-I-fn-te¿s∏-ń-´p≈ Bfp-Iƒ°v ]I-ens‚ a≤y-L´-Øn¬

Ipsd t\cw hni-an-t°-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-Ip-∂p. Cs√-¶n¬ Ah-cpsS

Btcm-Ky-Øn\p lm\n X´p-∂-Xm-Wv. ]£n-ar-Km-Zn-Iƒ t]mepw B Ah-

k-c-Øn¬ hni-an-°p-∂-Xmbn \mw ImWp-∂p-≠v. sXmgn¬ ime-Iƒ,

hnZym-e-b-ßƒ apX-emb ÿm]-\-ßfpw B Ah-k-c-Øn¬ \ndp-Øn-°-

f-bp-∂-Xmbn \mw ImWp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠p CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ hni-a-Øn\p

a≤ym” \a-kvImcw aqew Ah-kcw e`n-°p-∂p. D®°v tijw Bcw-`n-

®n-´p≈ tPmen cmhn-esØt∏mse AX A[n-I-t\cw \oń-s°m-≠p-t]m-

Ip-hm≥ a\p-jy\v Ign-I-bn-√. AXp-sIm≠v Aev]-k-a-b-Øn-\p-tijw

ho≠pw hniaw FSp-°p-hm≥ Ak¿ \a-kvImcw aqew Ah-kcw e`n-

°p-∂p. hnZym-e-b-ßƒ, sXmgn¬ÿm]\-ßƒ apX-em-bh Gsd-°psd

B ka-bØp ]qń-°-f-bp-∂-Xmbn \mw ImWp-∂p-≠-s√m.

AkvX-a\ ka-bØv kqcy≥ a\pjy\v Xs‚ hm¿≤-Iy-Øns‚

A¥y-Z-i-sb-bmWv Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v Xm≥ h∂ AtX

ÿnXn-bn-te°v Xs∂ aS-ßp-hm≥ t]mIp-I-bm-sW-∂p≈ A¿∞Øn¬

]`m-X-Øn-se-t∏m-se-Xs∂ c≠v dIv-AØv Ah≥ \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂p.

XpS¿∂p-sIm≠v Xs‚ F√m ]hr-Øn-Ifpw GI-ssZ-h-Øn-emWv Xm≥

A¿∏n-°p-∂-sX-∂pw, Xm≥ GIm-¥-X-bn-te-°mWv aS-ßm≥ t]mIp-∂-

sX-∂p-ap≈ A¿∞-Øn¬ HSp-hn-embn Hcp H‰ dIv-AØv IqSn Ah≥

\a-kvI-cn-°p-∂p.

Hcp a\p-jys‚ Hcp Znh-ksØ tPmen-I-sf√mw Ign™p `£Ww

83


Ign®p Ddßm≥ t]mIp-∂Xv "Cim' ka-b-Øm-Wv. Cu Zi a\p-jys‚

Cl-tem-I-Po-hnXw Ah-km-\n-∏n®v ]c-temI Pohn-X-Øn¬ ]th-in-°p-

hm≥ t]mIp∂ L´sØ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p. ]c-tem-I-Po-hnXw a\p-jy-\p

-Xosc A]-cn-Nn-X-am-Wv. Ct∏mƒ Ahs‚ I¨ap-ºn-ep≈ `qapJw Ccp-´-

S™p A‘-Im-c-am-bn-cn-°p-∂Xp t]mse, B temI-Ønse ÿnXn

Ahs‚ lrZ-b-Øn\p apºn¬ GXm≠v Ccp´-S-™m-Wn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-

sIm≠v Cu L´-Øn¬ B Pohn-X-Ønse c£°pw kpJ-Øn-\p-ambn

Xs∂-s°m-≠m-hp-∂X Bcm-[\ sNøp-∂Xv kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. CXn\v

]pdsa Ign™ 4 L´-ß-fn¬ Ah≥ sNbvXn´p≈ ]hr-Øn-Isf H∂m-

bn-∏-cn-tim-[n-°p∂ Hcp L´-am-Wn-Xv. C°m-c-W-ßƒ sIm≠v Cu L´-

Øn¬ 4 dIv AØv \a-kvImcw \n›-bn-®p.

Cu 5 L -ß-fpsS Bcw- -Ønepw Ah-km-\-Ønepw \a-kvImcw \n›-

bn-®-Xn¬ as‰mcp clkyw IqSn-bp-≠v. ssZh-\m-a-Øn-emWv F√m ]hr-

Øn-Ifpw Bcw-`n-°p-Ibpw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠sX∂p CXp

a\pjy\p Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

84


A\p-_‘w 2

du-k-Øp¬ D-eqw]q¿-Δ-hn-Zym¿-∞n-I-tfm-Sv H-cp-]-tZ-iw

A-_p- -_m-lv A-lv-a-Z-en

du-k-Øn-s‚ k-¥-Xn-I-sf,

\n-ßƒ C-∂p hn-hn-[ ÿ-e-ß-fn¬ hy-Xy-kv-X a-fi-e-ß-fn¬ ]-h¿-

Øn-°p-I-bm-W-t√m. du-k-Øn¬ \n-ß-sf ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ

\n-ß-fp-am-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂ B-flo-b _-‘w \n-ß-fp-sS Cu tkm-h-\o¿ ap-

tJ-\ Rm≥ ]p-Xp-°p-I-bm-Wv.

\n-ßƒ C-hn-sS A-©m-dp-sIm-√w Jp¿-B≥, l-Zo-kp ap-X-em-b ]-[m-

\ hn-j-b-ßƒ ]Tn-®-Xpw, ]-cn-io-e-\w t\-Sn-b-Xpw Jp¿-B-\pw kp-∂-Øpw

(\-_n-N-cy) B-[m-c-am-°n Po-hn-°p-hm-\pw A-h ]-N-cn-∏n-°p-hm-\pw D-t±-

in-®p-sIm-≠m-W-t√m. hn-hn-[ X-^v-ko-dp-I-fp-sS hym-Jym-\-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn

Jp¿-B-\pw, l-Zo-kn-s‚ ]-[m-\ In-Xm-_p-I-fpw, a-‰p C-…m-an-I hn-⁄m-

\ K-Ÿ-ß-fpw a-‰pw a-‰pw... \n-ßƒ B-h¿-Øn-®m-h¿-Øn-®p, hn-kv-X-cn-

®p, ]Tn-®pw ]-cn-io-en-®pw sIm-≠m-W-t√m C-hn-sS \n-∂p-hn-´p-t]m-b-Xv. ap-

ºv \n-ßƒ C-hn-sS-\n-∂p ]Tn-® \-_n (k:A) s‚ N-cy-I-fn¬ \n-∂p Nn-

e am-Xr-I-Iƒ \n-ß-sf ho-≠pw Hm¿-Ω-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ th-≠n-bm-Wv Rm≥

Cu Ip-dn-s∏-gp-Xp-∂-Xv.

Po-hn-I-fn¬ G-‰-hpw ti-jvT-\m-b a-\p-jy≥ _p-≤n-bn-epw, Nn-¥-bn-

epw, ]-hr-Øn-bn-epw h-f¿-∂p sIm-t≠ C-cn-°p-I-bm-W-t√m. A-h-s‚

Cu h-f¿-®-bn¬ A-\p-I-c-W-Øn-\p A-Xn-]-[m-\-am-b H-cp ]-¶p-s≠-∂-

Xn¬ k-tμ-l-an-√. P-\-\w ap-X¬ A-h≥ `m-jm ssi-en-bn-epw, th-j `q-

jm-Zn-I-fn-epw, kz-`m-h cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn-epw, ]-h¿-Ø-\ cw-K-ß-fn-epw am-

Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ, Kp-cp-\m-Y-∑m¿ t]m-ep-≈-h-sc-bm-W-s√m A-\p-I-cn-°p-∂-

Xv. A-\p-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂ B-fp-sS Kp-W-hn-ti-j-ßƒ A-\p-I-cn-°p-∂-h-cn-

epw cq-]w sIm-≈pw. a-\p-jy-s\ hn-hn-[ X-c-Øn-ep-≈ C-—-I-fpw B-I¿-

j-W t]-c-W-I-fpw h-e-bw sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p A-h≥ th-Kw

Xn-∑-°p h-iw-h-Z-\m-bn A-km-∑m¿-§n-I h-gn ]n-¥p-S-cp-hm≥ km-≤y-X-bp-

≈-h-\m-Wv. A-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv A-√m-lp a-\p-jy-hw-i-Øn-s‚ ssi-i-hw

ap-X¬ h-f¿-®-bp-sS Hm-tcm L-´-ß-fn-epw A-\p-tbm-Py-am-b D-]-tZ-i-ßƒ

85


\¬-In \-∑-bn-te-°p \-bn-°p-hm-\pw Xn-∑-bp-sS hm-k-\-I-fn¬ \n-∂p hn-

c-an-∏n-°p-hm-\pw \-_n-am-sc (ssZ-h Zq-X-∑m-sc) \n-tbm-Kn-®-b-®p sIm-≠n-

cp-∂-Xv. A-h¿ \-∑-bp-sS am¿-§-ß-fpw A-\p-I-c-W-Øn-s‚ D-Ø-a am-Xr-I-

I-fpw Im-Wn-®p-sIm-t≠ Xp-S¿-∂p h-∂p. A-h-km-\w a-\p-jy-hw-iw ]m-

b-]q¿-Øn ]m-]n-®p bu-Δ-\ Z-i-bn¬ Im-ep-Ip-Øn-b-t∏m-gm-Wv, Zn-hy k-

tμ-i ]-c-º-c-bp-sS k-am-]-\-sa-t∂m-Ww a-\p-jy-cm-in-bp-sS \m-\m hn-t[-

\-bp-≈ t\-´-ßƒ-°pw, D-b¿-®-°pw, C-l-]-c ku-`m-Ky-Øn-\pw, ]-cn-]q¿-

Æ hn-⁄m-\-ßƒ-°p-ap-≈ A-Xyp-Ø-a am¿-§-ßƒ Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂ H-cp

k-ºq¿-Æ kw-ln-X-tbm-sS ap-l-Ω-Zq-\-_n (k:A) \n-tbm-Kn-®-b-°-s∏-´-

Xv. A-t±-lw hm-Nm I¿-Ω-Wm G-‰-hpw D-Ø-a-am-b am-Xr-I P-\-ßƒ-°v

Im-Wn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. A-Xn-te-°v Nq-≠n-s°m-≠m-Wv ]-cn-

ip-≤ Jp¿-B≥ ]-d-bp-∂-Xv: ""(hn-izm-kn-I-sf, \n-ßƒ C-l-Øn-epw ]-c-

Øn-epw hn-P-b-hpw ku-`m-Ky-hpw B-K-ln-°p-∂p-s≠-¶n¬) A-Xn-\v ssZ-

h-Zq-X-s‚ N-cy-bn¬ \n-ßƒ-°v G-‰-hpw D-Ø-a-am-b am-Xr-I-Iƒ D-≠v;

Xo¿-®. (A-h-sb ]n≥-]-‰p-I.)''

In: G-gmw \q-‰m-≠n¬ `q-an-bp-sS G-Xp `m-K-Øpw P-\-ßƒ hn-hn-[ X-

c-Øn-ep-≈ _nw-_m-cm-[-\-I-fn-epw sX-‰m-b hn-izm-km-Nm-c-ß-fp-sS A-‘-

Im-c-Øn-epw X-∏n-Ø-S-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. A-I-a-ß-fpw A-\m-Nm-c-ß-fpw a-

X-]-c-am-b I-cn-©-¥-bpw k¿-Δ-X \-S-am-Sn-bn-cp-∂p. b-lq-Z-tem-Iw hn-hn-

[ Zp¿-\-S-]-Sn-I-fn¬ ap-gp-In-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ In-kv-Xo-b-tem-Iw ]-]-©

I¿-Øm-hn-\v H-cp ]p-X≥ ]n-d-∂p-sh-∂v k-¶¬-]n-®p B ssZ-h-]p-X≥ a-

\p-jy-cp-sS ap-gp-h≥ ]m-]-ß-fpw G-s‰-Sp-Ø-Xm-bn hn-iz-kn-®pw h-∂n-cp-

∂p. am-X-a-√, In-kv-Xp-hn-s‚ ]-Xn-a-bp-≠m-°n A-Xn-s\ B-cm-[n-°p-I

Iq-Sn sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p A-h¿. a-‰p Nn-e¿ A-·n-°pw kq-cy-\-£-Xm-Zn-Iƒ-

°pw ]-e k-¶-ev-]-ß-fpw \¬-In A-h-sb-bm-Wv B-cm-[n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. A-d-

_n-I-fpw th-sd ]-e k-ap-Zm-b-ß-fp-am-h-s´, ]-e-X-cw I-√p-Iƒ, a-cw, tem-

lw ap-X-em-b-h-bn¬ \n-∂v th¿-s]-Sp-Øn cq-]w kr-jv-Sn-® hn-K-l-ß-sf

B-cm-[y-h-kv-Xp-°-fm-bn kzo-I-cn-°p-I-bpw A-h-bv-°v ]-e I-gn-hp-I-fp-ap-

s≠-∂ hn-izm-k-tØm-sS A-h-sb ]-]-© I¿-Øm-hm-b ssZ-h-Øn-¶¬

ip-]m¿-i sN-øp-∂ a-≤y-h¿-Øn-I-fm-bn k-¶-ev-]n-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p.

Cu k-μ¿-`-Øn-em-Wv ap-l-Ω-Zv \-_n (k.-A) °v Zn-hy-k-tμ-iw e-`n-®-

Xpw A-t±-lw a-X-]-t_m-[-\-am-cw-`n-®-Xpw. Cu cq-]-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´ hn-K-

l-ßƒ (I-√p-Iƒ) Xp-S-ßn-b-h-°v H-∂n-\pw I-gn-hn-√; A-h-bv-°p h-∂v

tN-cp-∂ D-]-Z-h-ß-sf X-Sp-°p-hm-t\m, A-h-sb a-en-\-s∏-Sp-Øn A-e-t¶m-

e-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xp X-S-bp-hm≥ t]m-ep-tam i-‡n-bn-√; Cu ]-]-©-tØ-

bpw A-Xn-se k¿-Δ-N-cm-N-c-ß-tf-bpw kr-jv-Sn-®v ]-cn-]m-en-°p-∂-h-\m-b

A-√m-lp am-X-am-Wv b-Ym¿-∞-Øn¬ B-cm-[-\-°¿-l≥. A-h≥ F-√mw

86


tIƒ-°p-∂-h-\pw Im-Wp-∂-h-\p-am-Wv; c-l-ky-hpw ]-c-ky-hpw H-cp-t]m-se

A-dn-bp-∂-h-\m-Wv; A-Xp-sIm-≠v a-≤y-h¿-Øn-bp-sS bm-sXm-cm-h-iy-hp-an-

√; A-√m-lp H-gn-sI a-s‰m-∂pw X-s∂ B-cm-[-\-°¿-l-a-√-˛ Cu k-tμ-i-

hpw sIm-≠m-Wv \-_n (k:) ]-t_m-[-\w B-cw-`n-°p-∂-Xv.

a-°m \n-hm-kn-Iƒ-°pw a-‰pw Du-ln-°m≥-t]m-epw I-gn-bm-Ø-Xpw ]q¿-

Δo-I-∑m-cm¬ B-N-cn-®p-h-cp-∂-Xpw P-\-a-t≤y D-d-®p th-cq-∂n-b-Xp-am-b hn-

izm-km-Nm-c-ßƒ-°p I-S-I-hn-cp-≤-hp-am-b Cu k-tμ-iw A-h-cn¬ F-s¥m-

∂n-√m-Ø \-Sp-°-hpw In-Sn-e-hpw kr-jv-Sn-®p. A-h¿ H-∂-S-¶w A-Xn-s∂-Xn-

cm-bn A-Wn-\n-c-°p-I-bpw Zn-\w-]-Xn F-Xn¿-∏p-Iƒ i-‡n-s∏-Sp-Øn-sIm-

≠n-cn-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. \m-ev-]-Xmw h-b- n¬ Zn-hy-k-tμ-iw e-`n-®p ]-

t_m-[-\w B-cw-`n-°p-∂-Xp h-sc F-√m-h-cp-tS-bpw I-Æn-ep-Æn-bpw hn-iz-

kv-X-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p ap-l-Ω-Zv. A-K-Xn-I-tf-bpw A-i-c-W-tc-bpw tcm-Kn-I-tf-

bpw k-lm-bn-°p-∂ km-[p kw-c-£-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p A-t±-lw. B-Uw-_-c-

ß-fn-epw hn-t\m-Z-ß-fn-epw A-\m-Nm-c-ß-fn-epw H-cn-°-epw ]-¶p sIm-≠n-

cp-∂n-√. D-S-º-Sn-I-fpw hm-Kv-Zm-\-ß-fpw Ir-Xy-am-bn \n¿-Δ-ln-®n-cp-∂p. H-cn-

°-epw I-≈w ]-d-bp-I-tbm A-\m-a-Øp-Iƒ kq-£n-°p-∂-Xn¬ Ir-Xy-hn-

tem-]w Im-Wn-°p-I-tbm sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂n-√. B-cp-tS-bpw lr-Z-b-ß-sf th-Z-

\n-∏n-°m-sX ku-ay-X-tbm-sS kv-t\-l-]q¿-Δ-am-Wv A-t±-lw P-\-ß-tfm-Sp

s]-cp-am-dp-I. Cu Kp-W-hn-ti-j-ß-sf-√m-a-S-ßn-b kp-k-Ω-X-\m-b ap-l-

Ω-Zv C-t∏m-gn-Xm, Zn-hy-k-tμ-i ]-t_m-[-\-Øn-s‚ ^-e-am-bn Jp-ssd-in

hw-i-P-cp-sS am-X-a-√, A-d-_n-I-fp-sS ap-gp-h≥ X-s∂ _-≤ ssh-cn-bm-bn

am-dn-bn-cn-°p-∂p! `m-¥≥, I-≈≥, a-X-`r-jv-S≥, B-`n-Nm-cn-I≥ F-s∂-√mw

ap-Z Ip-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p! ap-l-Ω-Zn-s\ Cu ]-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \n-∂p Xo-sc hn-c-

an-∏n-°m≥ X-¥-]-c-am-b \-S-]-Sn-I-fpw A-I-a ]-h¿-Ø-\ am¿-§-ß-fpw

ssI-s°m-≈p-∂p. ]-s£, X-s‚ F-√m c-l-ky ]-c-ky kz-`m-h-ß-fpw

kq-£v-a-am-bn A-dn-bp-∂ ]n-b ]-Xv-\n J-Zo-P-bpw, am-\y-\pw k-Xy-k-‘-

\p-am-b A-_q-_-°-dpw, [o-c-bp-hm-hm-b A-en-bpw, A-[-a-cm-bn K-Wn-°-

s∏-Sp-∂ Nn-e A-Sn-a-I-fpw A-t∏m-tg-°pw A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ k-tμ-iw B-Zy-

am-bn kzo-I-cn-®p I-gn-™p. Xp-S¿-∂p k-lr-Z-b-cm-b th-sd Nn-e hy-‡n-I-

fpw C-…mw B-t«-jn-°m≥ Xp-S-ßn. C-tXm-sS Jp-ssd-in-I-fp-sS a¿-±-\-ap-

d-Iƒ ]q¿-Δm-[n-Iw i-‡n-s∏-Sp-∂p. d-kq¬ I-co-am-I-s´ Cu ]-tIm-]-\-

ß-fp-sS-sb-√mw t\-sc A-N-©-e-a-\-kv-I-\m-bn \n-e-sIm-≈p-I-bm-Wv. F-

√m k-Z- p-I-sf-bpw, hy-‡n-I-sf-bpw, I-A-_-bn-te-°p Xo¿-∞m-S-\-Øn-

\p h-cp-∂ A-\y-tZ-i-ß-fn-se ]-ap-J-tc-bpw k-ao-]n-®p ]-t_m-[-\w \-S-

Øn-s°m-t≠-bn-cn-°p-∂p. \n-tXy-\ kq-cy≥ A-Xn-s‚ ]-`- tem-I-Øp hn-

X-dn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂-t]m-se ap-l-Ω-Zpw cm-∏-I¬ t`-Z-a-t\y C-…m-an-s‚ ]-`

lr-Z-b-ß-fn-te-°p sN-ep-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Jp-ssd-in-I-fm-sW-¶n¬

87


F-Xn¿-∏n-\p Xo-h-X Iq-´p-I-bm-Wv. ]-cn-lm-k-i-c-ß-sf-øp-I-bpw, Ip-X-¥-

hpw, Ip-bp-‡n-bpw ]-tbm-Kn-°-bpw sN-øp-∂p. (]-Xn-\-©p \q-‰m-≠n-\p ap-

ºp Po-hn-® A-\-h-[n i-Xm-_v-Z-ß-fm-bn _nw-_m-cm-[-\-bn¬ A-Sn-bp-d-®p

I-gn-™n-cp-∂ Cu P-\-hn-`m-K-Øn-s‚ ]-hr-Øn-bn¬ \mw F-¥n-\p A-

¤p-X-s∏-S-Ww? Cu C-cp-]-Xmw \q-‰m-≠n¬ k-ln-jv-Wp-X-bp-tS-bpw kw-

kv-Im-c-Øn-s‚-bpw D-®-tIm-Sn-bn-em-sW-∂p A-h-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂ C-¥y-bn¬

Nn-e¿ B-cm-[n-°p-∂ I-√p-ssZ-h-ß-sf B-sc-¶n-epw F-Xn¿-°p-I-bm-sW-

¶n¬ D-≠m-Ip-∂ ]-Xym-Lm-Xw Du-ln-°m-a-t√m)

]-s£, Jp¿-B-s‚ a-[p-c-am-b B-I¿-j-W-i-‡n-°p ap-ºn¬ F-Xn¿-

∏p-Iƒ ]-cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv. A-t∏mƒ A-d-_n km-ln-Xy-Øn¬ D-®-tIm-

Sn-bn-se-Øn-bn-cp-∂ Jp-ssd-in-Iƒ-˛-I-hn-Iƒ km-ln-Xy-]-c-am-bn-Ø-s∂ A-

Xn-s\ t\-cn-Sp-hm≥ i-an-®p t\m-°p-∂p. hm-°p am-[p-cyw sIm-≠p P-\-ß-

sf am-c-Ww sN-øp-∂ "km-ln¿' B-Wv \-_n F-∂p ]-d-™p A-t±-l-Øn-

s‚ hm-°p-Iƒ tIƒ-°-cp-sX-∂p P-\-ß-sf hn-e-°p-∂p. ]-s£ Cu \n-

tcm-[m-⁄ t`-Zn-®p A-h-cp-sS X-s∂ t\-Xm-°ƒ A¿-≤-cm-Xn-°p-ti-jw

\-_n-]m¿-∞-\-bn¬ ]m-cm-b-Ww sN-øp-∂ Jp¿-B≥ ]-Xn-bn-cp-∂p tIƒ-

°m≥ lr-Z-b-t]-c-W-\n-an-Øw h-iw-h-Z-cm-Ip-∂p. I¿-Æm-\-μ-I-c-hpw lr-

Z-b-h¿-÷-I-hp-am-b Cu A-am-\p-jn-I-k-tμ-i-Øn-s‚ hm-l-I≥ H-cp km-

ln-Xy-Im-c-\-√. F-gp-Øpw hm-b-\-bpw A-t±-l-Øn-\p A-dn-™p-Iq-Sm. A-

d-_n-Iƒ h¿-jw tXm-dpw km-ln-Xy-k-Z- p-Iƒ \-S-Øn an-I-® I-hn-Iƒ-

°pw km-ln-Xy-Im-c-∑m¿-°pw _-lp-a-Xn-Iƒ \¬-Ip-tºmƒ \-_n A-Xn-

sem-∂pw A-[n-Iw ]-s¶-Sp-Øn-ń-√. C-t±-l-Øn-s‚ ap-ºn-em-Wv km-ln-Xy-

]-c-am-b F-Xn¿-∏p-Iƒ ]-cm-P-b-s]-Sp-∂-Xv. A-t∏mƒ [-\-]-c-am-b h-gn-I-

sf-s°m-≠p \-_n-sb h-io-I-cn-°m≥ H-cp i-aw \-S-Øn-t\m-°p-I-bm-Wv.

A-Xn-epw hn-P-bw Im-Wm-Xn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Iq-c-am-b a¿-±-\ ap-d-I-fpw. I-Sp-

Ø ]-cn-lm-k-ß-fpw sIm-≠p A-a¿-Øn-°-f-bm≥ Xo-cp-am-\n-°p-∂p.

""Ip-t_-c-∑m-cpw, a-lm-∑m-cpw, t\-Xm-°-fpw, I-hn-ti-jvT-∑m-cpw F-X-

tbm k-ap-Zm-b-Øn¬ D-≠m-bn-´pw A-\m-Y-\pw Z-cn-Z-\p-am-b \n-s∂-b-√m-

sX ssZ-h-Øn-\p Im-Wm≥ I-gn-™n-t√?'' A-h-cp-sS ]p-—-Øn-s‚ am-Xr-

I-bm-bn-cp-∂p C-Xv. \-_n \-S-∂p t]m-Ip-∂ h-gn-bn¬ s]-s´-∂p ap-≈p-I-

fpw a-en-\-h-kv-Xp-°-fpw F-dn-bp-I. F-∂n-´p a-‰p-≈-h¿-°v D-]-Z-h-ta¬-°m-

Xn-cn-°m≥ \-_n A-Xp h-gn-bn¬ \n-∂p \o-°w sN-øp-I. ar-K-ß-fp-sS `m-c-

ta-dn-b A-gp-°p Ip-S-ep-Iƒ A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ X-e-bn-epw I-gp-Øn-epw h-en-

®n-Sp-∂p. A-Xp F-Sp-Øp-am-‰m≥ Hm-Sn-h-∂ Hm-a-\ a-Iƒ A-h-sc A-]-e-]n-

®-t∏mƒ A-hn-Sp-∂p ]-d-bp-∂p. ""a-I-sf A-h-sc B-t£-]n-°-cp-Xv. ssZ-

hw A-h-sc \-∂m-°-s´!'' A-gp-°p Ip-fi-ßƒ sIm-≠p G-dp-In-ń a-en-\-

am-b ap-J-tØm-sS ho-ń¬ sN-√p-tºmƒ am-Xm-hm-b J-Zo-P-bp-sS hn-tbm-K-

88


Øn¬ B-Ip-e Nn-Ø-cm-b Ip-ń-Iƒ A-Xp I-≠p I-c-bp-∂p. \-_n-tbm,

"A-√m-lp A-h-sc k-∑m¿-§-Øn-em-°-s´' F-∂p ]m¿-∞n-®p sIm-≠p Ip-

ń-I-sf km-¥z-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p.

tKm-X-Øn-se H-cp hy-‡n F-X sh-dp-°-s∏-´-h-\pw hn-cp-≤m-`n-]m-b-

°m-c-\p-am-sW-¶n-epw A-h-s\ ]p-dw-X-≈p-∂-Xp A-]-am-\-am-sW-∂ A-d-

_n-I-fp-sS B-Nm-c \n-b-a ]-Im-cw lm-in-an-Iƒ \-_n-°p kw-c-£-Ww

\¬-Ip-hm≥ Np-a-X-e-s∏-´-h-cm-Wv. A-Xn-\m¬ ap-l-Ω-Zn-\pw, Ip-Spw-_-Øn-

\pw, ap-…nw-Iƒ-°p-sam-∏w lm-in-an-tKm-X-sØ ap-gp-h-\pw _-ln-jv-I-cn-

°p-hm≥ Jp-ssd-in-Iƒ Xo-cp-am-\-sa-Sp-°p-∂p. hn-hm-lw, kw-km-cw ap-X-

em-b F-√m _-‘-ß-fpw A-h¿-°p \n-tcm-[n-°p-I-bpw `-£-W ]m-\o-b-

ß-fpw sIm-≈-s°m-Sp-°-epw ap-S-°n A-h-sc ]-ń-Wn-bn-em-gv-Øp-I-bpw sN-

øp-∂p. \-_n-bpw Ip-Spw-_-hpw ap-∏-Xp am-k-tØm-fw I-jv-S-∏m-Sn¬ I-gn-

™p hn-i-∏p k-ln-°-h-øm-sX Nn-e¿ tXm¬-°-jv-W-ßƒ sh-≈-Øn¬

Ip-Xn¿-Øn I-gn-t°-≠n h-cp-∂p. \-_n-bp-sS Nn-e A-\p-bm-bn-I-sf ssI-

Im¬ h-cn-™p-sI-ń Np-´p ]-gp-Ø a-W-en¬ In-S-Øn a¿-±n-°p-∂p. th-sd

Nn-e-sc sI-ń h-en-®p \-c-I-bm-X-\ A-\p-`-hn-∏n-°p-∂p. K-Xy-¥-c-an-√m-sX

Nn-e ap-…nw-Iƒ \m-Spw, ho-Spw, Ip-Spw-_-hpw F-∂p th-≠ k¿-Δ-kz-hpw

Xy-Pn-®p Zq-c-tZ-i-ß-fn¬ c-£ tX-Sp-∂p. hn-izm-kn-I-fp-sS F-Æw h¿-≤n-

°pw tXm-dpw i-Xp-°-fp-sS a¿-±-\-hpw Xo-h-am-hp-I-bm-Wv. A-Xn-\n-S-°p

G-‰-hpw h-en-b k-lm-b-am-bn-cp-∂ k-l-]-Xv-\n-bp-sS a-c-Ww t]m-ep-≈ Z-

i-°-W-°n¬ \m-i-\-jv-S-ß-fpw H-∂n-\p ]n-d-sI a-s‰m-∂m-bn \-_n-°p A-

\p- -h-s∏- p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. ]-s£ A-t±-lw bm-sXm-cp Nm-©-ey-hpw Im-

Wn-°m-sX cm-∏-I¬ t`-Z-a-t\y ]-t_m-[-\w Xp-S¿-∂p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p-

∂p.

F-√m Ip-X-¥-ß-fpw F-Xn¿-∏p-I-fpw ]-cm-P-b-s∏-´-t∏mƒ Jp-ssd-in

t\-Xm-°-fpw tKm-X-Ø-e-h-∑m-cpw \-_n-bp-sS kw-c-£-I-\pw ]n-Xr-hy-\p-

am-b A-_q-Xm-en-_n-s‚ A-Sp-°¬ H-cp \n-th-Z-I kw-L-am-bn h-∂p ]-d-

bp-∂p. ""\-Ωp-sS _-lp-am-\-s∏-´ ]q¿-Δ-]n-Xm-°-fpw a-lm-∑m-cpw i-Xm-_v-Z-

ß-fm-bn kzo-I-cn-®p h-∂n-cp-∂ hn-izm-km-Nm-c-ß-sf B-t£-]n-°p-I-bpw

A-h-sc-bpw \-sΩ-bpw hn-Uv-Vn-I-fm-°p-I-bpw, P-\-ß-sf A-h-cp-sS am¿-§-

Øn¬ \n-∂p sX-‰n-®p H-cp ]p-Xn-b ]-ÿm-\-Øn-te-°p \-bn-°p-I-bpw `n-

∂n-∏n-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂ ap-l-Ω-Zn-s‚ ]-hr-Øn-Iƒ k-ln-°-h-øm-Xm-bn-

cn-°p-∂p. A-Xp-sIm-≠v H-∂p-In¬ A-h-s\ Cu ]-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \n-∂p

hn-c-an-∏n-°p-I: A-s√-¶n¬ R-ßƒ-°p A-h-s\ hn-´p-X-cn-I. A-s√-¶n¬ D-

∑q-e-\m-i-Øn-\p X-øm-sd-Sp-°p-I'' A-d-_n-Iƒ H-∂m-bn-kw-L-Sn-®p \¬-

In-b Cu A-¥y im-k-\-Øn-s‚ `-hn-jy-Øp `-bm-\-I-am-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂p

I-≠v A-_q-Xm-en-_v X-s‚ tPy-jvT-]p-X-s\ hn-fn-®p ]-d-bp-∂p: ""Jp-ssd-

89


in-t\-Xm-°-fpw tKm-X-Ø-e-h-∑m-cpw F-s‚ A-Sp-°¬ h-∂p H-c-¥y-im-

k-\w \¬-In-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. H-∂p-In¬ \o Cu ]p-Xn-b ]-ÿm-\-Øn¬

\n-∂p ]n-¥n-cn-bp-I; F-∂m¬ A-h¿ \n-s∂ cm-Pm-hm-bn kzo-I-cn-°m≥

Iq-Sn X-øm-dm-Wv. A-s√-¶n¬ F-s‚ kw-c-£-W-Øn¬ \n-∂v \n-s∂ H-gn-

hm-°p-I; C-Xn¬ G-sX-¶n-ep-sam-∂p kzo-I-cn-®n-s√-¶n¬ A-h¿ G-tIm-]n-

®p \-sΩ F-Xn¿-°p-sa-∂p o-Xn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p; F-\n-°m-sW-¶n¬ Cu s]m-

Xp-i-Xp-hn-s\ X-Sp-°m≥ I-gn-hp-an-√. A-Xp-sIm-≠v \o F-¥p hn-Nm-cn-°p-

∂p?'' X-s‚ G-I kw-c-£-I-\m-bn-cp-∂ ]n-Xr-hy-\pw X-s∂ ssI-sh-Sn-bp-

I-bm-sW-∂p [-cn-®p-t]m-b ap-l-Ω-Zv A¬-]-t\-cw Nn-¥m-a-·-\m-bn-\n-∂p

]-d-bp-I-bm-Wv. ""F-s‚ h-μy-]n-Xm-sh, h-e-Xp-I-øn¬ kq-cy-t\-bpw C-S-Xp

I-øn¬ N-μ-t\-bpw sh-®p X-cn-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Iq-Sn Rm≥ Cu ssZ-hn-I

]-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \n-∂p H-cn-°-epw A-Wp-thm-f-hpw hn-c-an-°n-√ F-∂p ]-

]-©-I¿-Øm-hm-b A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ t]-cn¬ Rm≥ k-Xyw sN-bv-Xp ]-d-bp-

∂p. H-∂p-In¬ Cu ]-ÿm-\w hn-P-bn-°p-I; A-s√-¶n¬ Rm≥ \-in-°p-

I.'' C-Xpw ]-d-™p k-¶-S-s∏-´p ]n-¥n-cn-™p t]m-Ip-∂ \-_n-sb a-S-°n

hn-fn-®p A-_q-Xm-en-_v ]-d-bp-∂p. ""C-jv-Sm-\p-k-c-Ww ]-t_m-[-\w \-S-

Øn-s°m-≈p-I. Rm≥ ]q¿-Æ kw-c-£-Ww \¬-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv'' lm-in-an

tKm-X-Øn-se ]-[m-\n-I-sf hn-fn-®p ap-l-Ω-Zn-\p F-√m-hn-[ kw-c-£-W-

hpw \¬-tI-W-sa-∂p A-t±-lw A-`y¿-∞n-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p.

h-f-sc ssa¬ A-I-se ÿn-Xn sN-øp-∂ Xm-C-^n-te-°p \-_n G-Im-

¥-\m-bn \-S-∂p sN-∂p A-hn-Sp-sØ \n-hm-kn-I-sf C-kv-em-an-te-°p £-

Wn-°p-I-bm-Wv. A-h¿ \-_n-sb ]-cn-l-kn-°p-∂p; sX-Ωm-Sn-I-sf Iq-°n

hn-fn-°m≥ C-f-°n-hn-Sp-∂p; I-s√-dn-™p A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ Im-en¬ ap-dn-th¬-

∏n-°p-∂p. Np-´p-]-gp-Ø a-W-en-eq-sS A-t±-l-sØ \-S-Øn-°p-∂p. H-cp X-

W-en¬ hn-i-an-°m≥ t]m-epw A-\p-h-Zn-°p-∂n-√. A-h-km-\w ]-c-h-i-\m-

b \-_n H-cm-fp-sS a-Xn-en-s‚ X-W-en¬ A-`-bw tX-Sp-∂p A-Xn-s‚ D-S-a

Cu Z-b-\o-bm-h-ÿ I-≠p H-cp A-Sn-a-bp-sS h-iw Ip-d-®p ap-¥n-cn-∏-g-ßƒ

\-_n-°p sIm-Sp-Ø-b-°p-∂p. A-t±-l-tam \-μn-]q¿-Δw A-Xp kzo-I-cn-®p

Ip-d-®p-`m-Kw X-s∂ D-]-Z-hn-® sX-Ωm-Sn-∏n-≈¿-°p \¬-Ip-I-bpw sN-øp-

∂p. \-_n-bp-sS B k-a-b-sØ ]m¿-∞-\-bpw Cu Hu-Zm-cy-hpw I-≠ A-

Sn-a B-›-cy-`-cn-X-\m-Ip-∂p. \-_n-bp-am-bn kw-`m-j-Ww \-S-Øn C-kv-emw

B-t«-jn-°p-∂p.

Cu a¿-±-\-ß-fp-tS-bpw ]-tIm-]-\ ]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fp-tS-bpw ap-ºn¬ \n-

cm-i-tbm a-Sp-t∏m Xo-≠m-sX \-_n ]-t_m-[-\-hp-am-bn ap-t∂-dp-I X-s∂-

bm-Wv. k-Xyw H-cp Im-e-Øpw ]-cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√; k-Xy-Øn-\p-ao-sX h-

∂p Iq-Sp-∂ ta-L-]-S-e-ßƒ F-X i-‡n-bp-≈-Xm-bm-epw \o-ßn-t∏m-Im-

Xn-cn-°-bn-√ F-∂p A-t±-l-Øn-\p Zr-V-hn-izm-k-ap-≠v. X-ß-fp-sS H-cp ]-

90


hr-Øn-bpw \-_n-bp-sS ap-t∂m-´p-≈ K-a-\w X-S-bp-hm≥ ]-cym-]v-X-am-Ip-∂n-

s√-∂p I-≠p i-Xp-°ƒ A-h-km-\w sF-Iy-I-Wv-tT-\-bp-≈ H-cp Xo-cp-am-

\-sa-Sp-°p-∂p: lm-in-an-Iƒ H-gn-sI-bp-≈ a-s‰-√m A-d-_p tKm-X-ß-fn¬

\n-∂pw I-cp-Øpw [o-c-X-bpw Np-dp-Np-dp-°p-ap-≈ Hm-tcm bp-hm-hn-s\ ho-Xw

sX-c-s™-Sp-°p-I. A-h¿ aq¿-®-bp-≈ Hm-tcm- J-fi-hp-am-bn H-∂n-®p-Iq-Sn

H-‰ sh-´p-sIm-≠p ap-l-Ω-Zn-s\-b-ßp h-[n-°p-I. F-∂m¬ A-h-s‚ ]-

ÿm-\w A-tXm-Sp-Iq-Sn \-in-°pw. am-X-a-√, c-‡-Øn¬ F-√m tKm-X-ßƒ-

°pw ]-¶p-≈-Xp-sIm-≠p, F-√m-h-tcm-Spw bp-≤w sN-øm≥ I-gn-bm-sX lm-

in-an-Iƒ "^n-Zv-bm' (]m-b-›n-Øw) hm-ßn Xr-]v-Xn-s∏-Sm≥ \n¿-∫-‘n-X-

cm-hp-I-bpw sN-øpw Cu Xo-cp-am-\w ]-tbm-K-Øn¬ h-cp-Øm≥ X-øm-sd-Sp-

Øp \-_n D-d-°-ap-W-cp-∂-Xpw ]-Xo-£n-®p A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ h-k-Xn-°p

Np-‰pw A¿-≤-cm-Xn ap-X¬ ]-`m-Xw h-sc Im-Øn-cp-∂ i-Xp-°ƒ ]-`m-X-

Øn¬ I-≠-Xp \-_n-sb-bm-bn-cp-∂n-√. X-s‚ k-tlm-Z-c-]p-X-\m-b A-en-

sb-bm-bn-cp-∂p. A-h¿-°p h-ºn-® ]-cm-P-b-hpw A-a-fn-bp-am-Wv ]-‰n-b-Xv.

\-_n-bm-I-s´, A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ I-ev-]-\-b-\p-k-cn-®p ÿ-ew hn-´p I-gn-™n-

cp-∂p: A-Xp a-Zo-\m-bm-X-bv-°p-≈ Xp-S-°-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. b-Ym¿-∞-Øn¬

B bm-X a-°m ]-´-W-Øn¬ \n-∂p a-Zo-\m-bn-te-°p-≈ 200˛ 300 ssa¬

Zq-c-tØ-°p-≈ H-cp bm-X-bn¬ ]-cn-an-X-am-b-X-√; a-dn-®p tem-I-Øn-s‚ H-

c-‰w ap-X¬ a-s‰ A-‰w h-tc-bp-≈ C-kv-em-an-s‚ ssP-X-bm-X-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

a-°-bn-se ]-Xn-aq-∂p-sIm-√-sØ ]-t_m-[-\-Im-e-Øv \-_n-°v k-ln-

t°-≠n h-∂ a¿-±-\-ß-fp-sS-bpw A-t±-lw h-cn-® Xym-K-ß-fp-sS-bpw H-cp

kw-£n-]v-X-am-Wv C-Xp-h-sc hn-h-cn-®-Xv. F-∂m¬ a-Zo-\m-bn¬ F-Øn-b-

ti-j-hpw A-t±-l-Øn-\p [m-cm-fw I-jv-S-X-Iƒ t\-cn-tS-≠n h-∂n-´p-≠v. C-

kv-em-an-s\-bpw A-Xn-s‚ ]-hm-N-I-\m-b \-_n-sb-bpw \-in-∏n-°p-hm≥ i-

Xp-°ƒ ]-e bp-≤-ß-fpw \-bn-®p. D-lv-Zv-bp-≤-Øn¬ h-f-sc A-[n-Iw hn-

j-a-ßƒ \-_n-°p k-ln-t°-≠n h-∂p. i-Xp-°ƒ s]-s´-∂p \-_n-sb

B-I-an-®p. A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ ap-J-sØ-dn-™ Ip-¥-ap-\ I-hn-fn¬ i-‡n-

bm-bn X-d-®p-I-b-dn. c-‡w hm¿-s∂m-en-®p A-k-ly-am-b th-Z-\ A-\p-`-h-

s∏-´ B k-μ¿-`-Øn¬ \-_n ]m¿-∞-n-°p-I-bm-Wv. ""I-cp-Wm-\n-[n-bm-b

A-√m-lp-th, F-s‚ k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-\p A-dn-hn-√m-Øp sIm-≠m-Wv A-h¿

C-ßn-s\ sN-øp-∂-Xv. A-h¿-°p \o am-∏p \¬-tI-W-ta!'' \-_n-bp-sS Cu

]m¿-∞-\-bn¬ a-\p-jy-k-ap-Zm-b-tØm-Sp-≈-˛-i-Xp-°ƒ X-s∂-bm-sW-¶n-

epw i-cn-˛-kv-t\-l hm-’-ey-ß-fp-sS-bpw I-cp-W-bp-sS-bpw A-tß-A-‰-sØ

am-Xr-I-bn-t√? a-°m-]-´-Ww Io-g-S-ßn-b-t∏mƒ A-Xp-h-sc \-_n-sb-bpw A-

\p-N-c-∑m-sc-bpw ITn-\-am-bn D-]-Z-hn-®n-cp-∂ i-Xp-°-tfm-Sp A-t±-lw A-

ßn-s\-bm-Wv ]-Xn-Im-c-\-S-]-Sn-sb-Sp-Ø-Xv. F-√m-h¿-°pw am-∏p-sIm-Sp-Øp

D-Zm-c-am-b kw-`m-h-\-I-fpw k-lm-b-ß-fpw \¬-In A-h-cp-sS t¢-i-ßƒ

91


A-I-‰n-s°m-Sp-Øp k-¥p-jv-S-cm-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.

\-_n-bp-sS Po-hn-Xw ap-gp-h-\pw \-ap-°p am-Xr-I-bm-Wv. A-t±-lw F-√m

cm-Xn-bp-sS-bpw A-[n-I-`m-K-hpw ]m¿-∞-\-bn¬ hn-\n-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bm-Wv

sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂-Xv. Zo¿-L-t\-cw \n-∂p \-a-kv-I-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠v Im-en¬

\o-cp sI-ń-bn-cp-∂p ]-`m-X-\-a-kv-Im-c-Øn-\p ap-ºp c-≠p d-° A-Øv \-a-

kv-I-cn-®p A-ev-]w In-S-∂p hn-i-an-®-ti-jw Zo¿-Ln-® kq-d-Iƒ Hm-Xn ]-

`m-X \-a-kv-Im-cw \n¿-Δ-ln-°pw. Nn-e-t∏mƒ ""kp-lm'' k-a-b-Øpw A-t±-

lw ]m¿-∞n-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A-©p t\-c-sØ \-a-kv-Im-c-hpw A-h-bp-

sS B-Zy k-a-b-Øp X-s∂ P-am-A-Øm-bn \n¿-Δ-ln-°p-I-bpw, A-h-°p

ap-ºpw ]n-ºp-ap-≈ kp-∂-Øp \-a-kv-Im-c-ßƒ \n-jvT-tbm-sS \n¿-Δ-ln-°p-

I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p.

a-\p-jy-kv-t\-l-Øn-\pw, \o-Xn-°pw, Hu-Zm-cy-Øn-\pw C-X-bpw D-Ø-a-

am-b H-cp am-Xr-I th-sd Im-Wp-I-bn-√. sN-dp-∏-Im-ew ap-X¬-s° A-\m-Y-

sc-bpw A-K-Xn-I-sf-bpw A-t±-lw A-tß-b-‰w kv-t\-ln-°p-I-bpw A-h¿-

°p `-£-W-h-kv-Xm-Zn-Iƒ \¬-Ip-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p. tcm-Kn-I-sf ip-

iq-jn-°p-∂-Xn-epw A-Sn-a-I-sf kw-c-£n-°p-∂-Xn-epw A-t±-lw ]-tXy-I

Xm¬-]-cyw Im-Wn-°pw. B-h-iy-°m-cp-sS B-K-l-ßƒ I-gn-bpw hn-[w

]q¿-Øn-bm-°m-sX A-t±-lw hn-Sn-√. X-s‚-bpw Ip-Spw-_-Øn-s‚-bpw B-h-

iy-ßƒ-°p I-cp-Xn-sh-®-Xv a-‰p-≈-h-cp-sS B-h-iy-ßƒ \n¿-Δ-ln-°p-∂-

Xn-\m-Wv A-t±-lw hn-\n-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.

`m-cy-am-tcm-Sp F-t∏m-gpw kv-t\-l-tØm-Sp Iq-Sn s]-cp-am-dpw. A-h-sc H-

cn-°-epw B-t£-]n-°p-I-tbm sX-‰p-Iƒ-°p Ip-‰-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-tbm sN-øn-

√. A-Sn-a-I-tfm-Spw th-e-°m-tcm-Spw ku-ay-X-tbm-sS kv-t\-l-]q¿-Δw h¿-

Øn-°pw. F-¥n-\p sN-bv-Xp? F-¥p-sIm-≠p sN-bv-Xn-√? F-∂p t]m-epw

tNm-Zn-°n-√. X-am-i-bm-bn-´p t]m-epw H-cn-°-epw I-f-hp ]-d-™n-ń-√. B-

sc-bpw i-Im-cn-°m-dn-√ `-£-Ww ]n-Sn-®n-ń-s√-¶n¬ A-Xp I-gn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-

I-sb-∂-√m-sX A-Xn-s\ Zp-jn-°n-√. hm-Kv-Z-Ø-ßƒ F-¥p hn-j-a-ßƒ

k-ln-t°-≠n h-∂m-epw \n-d-th-‰n-bn-cp-∂p. A-d-_p tem-Iw ap-gp-h-\pw, t]¿-

jym tdm-a≥ km-am-Py-ß-fp-sS G-Xm-\pw `m-K-ß-fpw C-…m-an-∂-[o-\-am-

hp-I-bpw sF-iz-cyw h¿-≤n-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-´pw B-Zy-Im-e-Øv Z-cn-Zm-h-

ÿ-bn-em-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ D-]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂ `-£-W-hpw h-kv-X-hpw X-s∂-

bm-Wv A-t±-lw D-]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. h-kv-X-ßƒ kz-¥w X-s∂ I-gp-In

hr-Øn-bm-°pw. Io-dn-b-h kz-¥w Xp-∂n \-∂m-°pw. tI-Sp-h-∂ sN-cn-∏p-I-

fpw kz-¥-am-bn i-cn-s∏-Sp-Øpw. i-co-cw hr-Øn-bm-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]-tXy-Iw

i-≤n-®n-cp-∂p. hn-b¿-∏p aq-e-tam a-t‰m tZ-l-Øn¬ \n-∂p Zp¿-§-‘w h-an-

°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. a-dn-®p, F-t∏m-gpw A-t±-l-Øn¬ \n-∂p ]-cn-a-fw A-

Sn-®p-ho-in-bn-cp-∂p. \-_n km-[m-c-W kp-K-‘ h-kv-Xp-°ƒ D-]-tbm-Kn-°pw.

92


hm-b F-t∏m-gpw ip-≤n-bm-°n sh-°pw. F-√m B-gv-N-bpw \-Jw ap-dn-°p-∂-

Xp sIm-≠p A-Xn-∂-Sn-bn¬ A-gp-°p ]-‰n-∏n-Sn-°m-dn-√. Xm-Sn F-t∏m-gpw

`w-Kn-bm-°n-sh-°pw. A-ßn-s\ sN-øm≥ D-]-tZ-in-°p-I-bpw sN-øpw. H-cn-

°-epw Xm-Sn-h-Sn-®n-´n-√. A-gp-°p h-kv-X-ßƒ Xo-sc [-cn-°m-dn-√. Nn-e-

t∏mƒ Io-dn-b-Xpw I-jv-Ww sh-®-Xp-am-b h-kv-X-ß-fpw [-cn-®n-cp-∂p. Cu-

Ø-∏-\-tbm-e-sIm-≠p s\-bv-X ]m-b-bn-em-Wv A-[n-I-hpw In-S-∂n-cp-∂-Xv.

s]m-Xp-sh h-gn-I-fn¬ Im-Wp-∂ ap-≈pw a-en-\ h-kv-Xp-°-fpw kz-¥w ssI-

sIm-≠p \o-°p-I-bpw A-ßn-s\ sN-øm≥ a-‰p-≈-h-tcm-Sp I¬-]n-°p-I-bpw

sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p. ]-≈n \n¿-Ωm-Ww, In-S-ßp Io-d¬ ap-X-em-b s]m-Xp-]-h¿-

Ø-\-ß-fn¬ a-‰p-≈-h-tcm-sSm-∏w k-a-am-b ]-¶v A-t±-l-hpw \n¿-Δ-ln-°pw.

[-\n-I-˛-Z-cn-Z hy-Xym-kw Iq-Sm-sX A-Xn-Yn-I-sf _-lp-am-\-]p-c- -cw k¬-

°-cn-®p kzo-I-cn-®n-cp-∂p. A-]-Im-cw X-s∂ Pq-X¿-°pw In-kv-Xym-\n-Iƒ-

°pw, _-lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ-°pw A-t±-lw k¬-°m-cw \¬-Ip-I-bpw

]-≈n-bn¬ ]-th-in-°m-\pw hn-i-an-°m-\pw A-h¿-°p ku-I-cyw sN-bv-Xp

sIm-Sp-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p. C-Xn¬-\n-s∂-√mw \mw [-cn-t°-≠-Xv C-

…mw sh-dpw hn-izm-kw, \-a-kv-Im-cw, h-Xw, \n¿-∫-‘-Zm-\w (k-°m-Øv),

l-÷v-t]m-ep-≈ A-\p-jvTm-\-ßƒ am-X-a-s√-∂m-Wv. a-dn-®v C-h ap-ºp hn-

h-cn-®-h-sb-√mw Iq-Sn-b H-cp irw-J-e-bp-sS I-Æn-Iƒ am-X-am-Wv. C-h-bp-

sS Ir-Xy-am-b \n¿-Δ-l-Ww a-‰p-≈-h-bn-te-°p h-gn sX-fn-bn-°p-I-bpw t]-

c-W \¬-Ip-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p.

\-_n(-k.-A) F-√m-X-c-Øn-ep-≈ \-∑-bn-te-°pw D¬-t_m-[-\w \¬-

Ip-I-bpw F-√m ]p-tcm-K-a-\ ]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-sf-bpw t]m-’m-ln-∏n-°p-I-

bpw sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p. A-]-Im-cw X-s∂ F-√m X-cw Xn-∑-I-sf-bpw hn-e-°p-

I-bpw Zp¿-am¿-§-ß-sf X-S-bp-I-bpw A-t[m-K-Xn-sb \n-cp-’m-l-s∏-Sp-Øp-

I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p. A-t±-lw Nn-¥-sb X-´n-bp-W¿-Øn, _p-≤n-sb h-f¿-

Øn, F-√m-X-cw hn-⁄m-\-ß-fpw I-c-ÿ-am-°m≥ a-\p-jy-sc \n¿-_-‘n-

®p, \-_n (k:A) F-√m k¬-kz-`m-h-ß-fp-sS-bpw ]q¿-Øo-I-c-W-am-bn-cp-

∂p.

tem-I-Øn¬ ]p-—n-®p ]p-d-¥-≈-s∏-´p A-h-K-W-\-bn¬ In-S-∂n-cp-∂ kv-

Xo h¿-§-sØ D-∂-X-]-Z-hn-bn-te-°pw ]p-cp-j-∑m-cp-sS k-a-\n-e-bn-te-°pw

D-b¿-Øn-b C-…m-an-s‚ k-tμ-i-ß-fpw \-_n-bp-sS A-\p-I-c-Wo-b am-Xr-

I-I-fpw kv-Xo-Iƒ-°n-S-bn¬ ]-N-cn-∏n-°p-hm-\m-bn-cp-∂p A-t±-lw H-∂n-e-

[n-Iw `m-cy-am-sc hn-hm-lw I-gn-®-Xv. km-[m-c-W kv-Xo-]p-cp-j-_-‘w am-

X-am-bn-cp-∂n-√ \-_n-bp-sS _-lp-`m-cy-Xz-Øn-s‚ D-t±-iw. Im-c-Ww, bu-

Δ-\-Im-e-Øp ap-gp-h-\pw 23 h-b- p ap-X¬ 51-˛mw A-s√-¶n¬ 53-˛mw h-b-

p-h-sc A-t±-l-Øn-\p G-I-]-Xv-\n J-Zo-P-_o-hn am-X-am-Wp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-

Xv. A-h-cp-sS a-c-W-Øn-\p ti-jw am-X-am-Wv th-sd kv-Xo-I-sf hn-hm-

93


lw I-gn-®-Xv. A-∂p A-d-_n-Iƒ-°n-S-bn¬ H-cp ]p-cp-j≥ [m-cm-fw kv-Xo-

I-sf hn-hm-lw I-gn-°p-∂-Xp ]-Xn-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p.

\-_n-bp-sS am-Xr-I-Iƒ k-lm-_n-I-fpw ]n≥-]-‰n-bn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv

tem-I-Øn-se G-‰-hpw h-en-b km-am-Py-ß-fm-b tdm-apw t]¿-jy-bpw \o-

Xn-bp-sS-bpw k-Xy-Øn-s‚-bpw am¿-§-Øn¬ C-…m-an-∂-[o-\-s∏-´-Xv. a-\p-

jy--k-ap-Zm-b-sØ ku-`m-Ky-Øn-te-°pw D-∂-Xn-bn-te-°pw \-bn-°p-∂ C-

…m-an-I k-tμ-i-ßƒ tem-I-Øp C-X-bpw th-K-Øn¬ ]-N-cn-®-Xp ap-ºp

hn-h-cn-® X-c-Øn-ep-≈ Xym-K-ß-fp-sS-bpw, I-jv-S-∏m-Sp-I-fp-sS-bpw, ITn-\m-

≤zm-\-Øn-s‚-bpw ^-e-am-bm-Wv. Cu I-jv-S \-jv-S-ß-fp-sS-sb-√mw A-\-¥-

c-^-e-am-b B-\-μ [z-\n-bm-W-t√m tem-I-Øn-s‚ H-c-‰w ap-X¬ a-t‰ A-‰w

h-sc tIm-Sn-°-W-°n¬ ]-≈n ap-\m-c-ß-fp-sS ap-I-fn¬ \n-∂p Zn-h-k-hpw

A-©p ]m-h-iyw B-h¿-Øn-®m-h¿-Øn-®p ap-g-°-s∏-Sp-∂ ""A-√m-lp A-

Iv-_¿...'' F-∂p Xp-S-ßp-∂ _m-¶p hn-fn (A-√m-lp k¿-Δ-N-cm-N-c-ßƒ-

°pw D-]-cn-bm-Wv. A-h-\-√m-sX th-sd ssZ-h-an-s√-∂p Rm≥ Xo¿-Øp ]-

d-bp-I-bpw km-£yw h-ln-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p. ap-l-Ω-Zv ssZ-h-Zq-X-\m-sW-

∂pw Rm≥ km-£yw h-ln-°p-∂-p. ]m¿-∞-\-°p th-Kw h-cn-I! hn-P-b-

hpw \-∑-bpw I-c-ÿ-am-°m≥ th-Kw h-cn-I! k¿-Δ N-cm-N-c-ß-fpw A-√m-

lp-hn-s‚ A-[o-\-X-bn-em-Wv.)

\-_n-bp-sS-bpw k-lm-_n-I-fp-sS-bpw Po-hn-X-Øn-se Nn-e am-Xr-I-I-fm-

Wv ap-ºp hn-h-cn-®-h. B am-Xr-I-I-f-\p-k-cn-®p Po-hn-°p-hm≥ _m-≤y-ÿ-

cm-b \mw A-ßn-s\ sN-øp-∂p-t≠m F-∂p H-cm-fl ]-cn-tim-[-\ \-S-Øp-

hm-\m-Wv C-h \n-ß-sf ho-≠pw Hm¿-Ω-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. Cu k-μ¿-`-Øn¬

\n-ßƒ C-hn-sS du-k-Øn¬ tN¿-∂-t∏mƒ A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ t]-cn¬ sN-bv-

X ]-Xn-⁄-I-fn¬ Nn-e-Xv Rm≥ C-hn-sS A-\p-kv-a-cn-°-s´!

1. A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ h-gn-bn¬ F-s‚ k¿-Δ-hn-[ I-gn-hp-I-fpw hn-\n-tbm-Kn-

°p-∂-Xn¬ Rm≥ e-h-te-i-hpw hn-Lv-\w h-cp-Øp-I-bn-s√-∂pw A-h-s‚

I¬-]-\-Iƒ C-∂p-ap-X¬ i-cn-bm-bn ]m-en-°p-∂-Xm-sW-∂pw A-√m-lp-hn-

s‚ t]-cn¬ Rm≥ i-]-Yw sN-øp-∂p.

2. A-√m-lp-hn-s‚-bpw d-kq-en-s‚-bpw Xr-]v-Xn-°pw B-⁄-°pw hn-]-

co-X-am-bn Rm≥ H-∂pw ]-d-bp-I-tbm ]-h¿-Øn-°p-I-tbm sN-øp-I-bn-s√-

∂pw, eu-In-tIm-t±-iy-Øn-\m-bn P-\-ß-sf tk-hn-°p-I-tbm `-b-s∏-Sp-I-

tbm sN-øp-I-bn-s√-∂pw A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ t]-cn¬ Rm≥ i-]-Yw sN-øp-∂p.

3. Rm≥ F-s‚ Po-hn-Xw ^-e-]-Z-am-°n-Øo¿-°p-hm≥ i-an-°p-∂-tXm-

sSm-∏w ap-…nw k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚ A-`n-hr-≤n-°pw, C-…m-an-I tX-P- n-s‚

]-t_m-[-\-Øn-\pw, kz-cm-Py-Øn-s‚ Kp-W-Øn-\pw F-s∂-sIm-≠p B-hp-

∂-sX-√mw sN-øp-sa-∂p ]-Xn-⁄ sN-bv-Xp sIm-≈p-∂p.

\n-ßƒ C-hn-sS Xm-a-kn-®p sIm-≠n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Xm-Sn-h-Sn-°-cp-Xv, sXm-

94


∏n-[-cn-°-Ww Xp-S-ßn-b ]-e Nn-´-I-fpw ]m-en-®v Po-hn-®n-cp-∂-Xm-W-t√m. C-

Xn-\p hn-]-co-Xw ]-h¿-Øn-®-h¿ in-£m¿-l-cm-bn-cp-∂-Xpw \n-ßƒ-°-dn-

bm-a-t√m. \n-ß-tfm-Sp Rm≥ ]-cp-j-am-bn s]-cp-am-dn-bn-´p-s≠-∂pw, \n-ß-

sf ITn-\-am-bn B-t£-]n-°p-I-bpw ip-WvTn-sb-Sp-°p-I-bpw tIm-]n-°p-I-

bpw a-‰pw sN-bv-Xn-´p-s≠-∂pw F-\n-°p X-s∂ A-dn-bmw. A-h-sb-√mw F-

s‚ ssh-I-ey-ß-fpw, Zu¿-∫-ey-ß-fpw, sX-‰p-I-fp-am-bn-cn-°mw. C-h-sbm-

s° \n-ßƒ F-\n-°p am-∏p sN-bv-Xp X-cp-sa-∂p Rm≥ hn-iz-kn-°p-∂p.

Cu kz-`m-h-ß-sf-√mw F-∂n¬ D-s≠-¶n-epw Rm≥ \n-ß-sf h-f-sc-b-[n-

Iw kv-t\-ln-°p-∂p-sh-∂-Xm-Wv ]-c-am¿-∞w. F-s‚ G-‰-hpw h-en-b A-`n-

em-j-hpw F-t∏m-gp-ap-≈ ]m¿-∞-\-bpw \n-ßƒ C-…m-an-s‚ G-‰-hpw \-√

am-Xr-I-I-fm-bn Jp¿-B≥ h-c-®p Im-Wn-°p-I-bpw d-kq¬ ]Tn-∏n-°p-I-bpw

sN-bv-X b-Ym¿-∞ ]m-Ÿm-hn¬ Po-hn-®p P-\-ß-sf tk-hn-°-W-sa-∂-Xm-

Wv. \n-ß-sf A-ßn-s\ Im-Wp-∂-Xn-em-Wv F-s‚ G-‰-hpw h-en-b B-\-μ-

hpw. \n-ß-fp-sS am-Xr-ÿm-]-\-am-b du-k-Øn-\p \n-ßƒ sN-øp-∂ G-‰-

hpw h-en-b tk-h-\-hpw A-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. du-k-Øn-s‚ A-`n-am-\-hpw A-

¥- pw D-b¿-®-bpw \n-ß-fp-sS D-Ø-a Po-hn-X-Øn-em-Wv. \n-ßƒ C-Xn¬

\n-∂p hy-Xn-N-en-®p Im-Wp-tºmƒ F-s‚ lr-Z-bw th-Z-\n-°p-I-bm-Wv. am-

X-a-√, A-Xp \n-ß-fp-sS am-Xr-ÿm-]-\-am-b du-k-Øn-\p G-‰-hpw h-en-b

tZm-j-hpw tZm-l-hp-am-bn ]-cn-W-an-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p. Xm-Sn h-Sn-®p, tI-

t∏m a-t‰m [-cn-°m-sX X-e Xp-d-∂n-´p A-ap-…nw-I-sf-t∏m-se \-S-°p-∂-

Xpw, h-kv-Xw \n-e-Øv h-en-®n-g-bp-∂ co-Xn-bn¬ [-cn-°p-∂-Xpw \n-ßƒ-°-

\p-tbm-Py-am-b-X-√. a-\p-jy-k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚ hn-in-jym ap-…nw-I-fp-sS A-

`yp-∂-Xn-°pw A-h-cp-sS A-`n-em-j-km-^-ey-Øn-\pw th-≠n \mw F-¥p

sN-bv-Xp-sh-∂p \-tΩm-Sp X-s∂ H-∂p tNm-Zn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. \n-ßƒ C-hn-

sS \n-∂p a-X-]-c-am-b hn-⁄m-\-Øn-s‚-bpw C-…m-an-I kw-kv-Im-c-Øn-

s‚-bpw Zo-]-in-J sIm-fp-Øn-s°m-≠m-W-t√m ]p-d-Øp t]m-bn-´p-≈-Xv. B

Zo-]-in-J-°p \n-ßƒ X-s∂ H-cp \n¿-Ω-e kv-^-Sn-I-am-bn-Øo-cp-I-bm-sW-

¶n¬ A-Xp Iq-Sp-X¬ Pm-Pz-ey-am-\-am-hp-I-bpw a-‰p-≈-h¿-°p sh-fn-®-hpw

D-]-Im-c-hp-am-bn-Øo-cp-I-bpw sN-øpw, Xo¿-®. \n-ßƒ A-Xn-\p i-an-°m-

Ø-Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°mw Nn-e¿ A-d-_n-t°m-tf-Pp-I-sf B-t£-]n-°p-∂-

Xv.

C-øn-sS Nn-e am-\y-∑m¿ H-cp ÿm-]-\-Øn-s‚ dn-t∏m¿-´v F-s‚ i-≤-

bn¬ s]-Sp-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. A-Xn-se Nn-e hm-N-I-ßƒ C-ßn-s\-bm-Wv.

""tI-c-f-Øn-se \n-e-hn-ep-≈ Aw-Ko-Ir-X A-d-_n-t°m-tf-Pp-I-fn¬ \n-∂p

]p-d-Øp h-cp-∂ hn-Zym¿-∞n-Iƒ-°p A-d-_n `m-j-bn¬ Ip-sd-sbm-s° ]-

cn-N-bw kn-≤n-°p-∂p-s≠-¶n-epw Zo-\n hn-⁄m-\ Xp-d-I-fn-epw hn-hn-[ C-

…m-an-I im-kv-X-ß-fn-ep-ap-≈ A-dn-hp D-]-cn-kq-Nn-X-am-b \n-e-bn¬ e-`y-

95


am-Ip-hm-\p-≈ A-h-k-cw D-≠m-Ip-∂n-s√-∂ h-kv-Xp-X A-\p-`-hw sIm-≠p

X-s∂ hy-‡-am-Wv.''

"A-d-_n `m-j-bn¬ Ip-td-sbm-s° ]-cn-N-bw kn-≤n-°p-∂p-sh-¶n-epw Zo-

\n hn-⁄m-\ Xp-d-I-fn¬' F-∂ hm-°p X-s∂ F-¥m-Wv kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂-

sX-∂p F-t∂m-S-h¿ tNm-Zn-®p. B dn-t∏m¿-´n-s‚ `m-c-hm-ln-I-fm-b _-lp-

am-\-s∏-´ ]-fin-X-∑m¿ F-¥m-Wv A-Xp-sIm-≠p-t±-in-®-sX-∂p F-\n-°-dn-

™p Iq-Sm. F-¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬, \-Ωp-sS du-k-Øp¬ D-eq-an¬ \n-∂pw,

a-‰p ÿm-]-\-ß-fn¬ \n-∂pw ]Tn-®p ]p-d-Øp-t]m-b ]-e-cpw Cu ]-fin-X-

∑m-tcm-sSm-∏w a-X-]-c-am-b ]-e cw-K-ß-fn-epw H-∂n-®p ]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂-h-

cm-Wv. A-h-cm-I-s´, Zo-\n hn-⁄m-\ Xp-d-I-fn-epw hn-hn-[ C-…m-an-I im-kv-

X-ß-fn-epw C-h-sc-°mƒ H-´pw Ip-d-h-s√-∂pw Cu ]-fin-X-∑m¿-°-dn-bmw.

H-cp D-b¿-∂ jm-∏v H-cmƒ Xp-d-°p-hm≥ D-t±-in-°p-∂p-s≠-¶n¬ a-‰p \n-e-

hn-ep-≈ jm-∏p-I-fn¬ \-√ N-c-°p-I-sfm-∂pw C-s√-∂p ]-d-™p bm-Ym¿-

∞y-ß-sf aq-Sn-sh-®v X-s‚ jm-∏n-s\ ]p-I-gv-Øp-∂-Xp D-Ø-a-am-tWm F-

∂p A-h-cn-sem-cmƒ tNm-Zn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. a-s‰m-cm-fp-sS ]-hr-Øn-sb-∏-

‰n F-\n-s°m-∂pw ]-d-bm≥ I-gn-bn-s√-∂m-Wv Rm≥ A-h-tcm-Sv ]-d-™ a-

dp-]-Sn. A-d-_n-t°m-tf-Pn¬ \n-∂pw a-‰pw ]Tn-®p ]p-d-Øp t]m-Ip-∂ hn-

Zym¿-∞n-Iƒ C-cp-]-Xn-\pw C-cp-]-Ø-©n-\pw a-t≤y ]m-b-ap-≈ bp-hm-°-

fm-Wv. B ]m-b-Øn¬ X-ß-fpw hn-⁄m-\-Øn¬ F-ßn-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p;

F-¥m-bn-cp-∂p; A-d-_n-t°m-tf-Pp-I-fn¬ \n-∂p hn-Zym¿-∞n-Iƒ I-gn-®-Xn¬

Iq-Sp-X¬ hn-f-ºn-s°m-Sp-°p-hm≥ X-ß-fp-sS ]m-X-Øn-ep-t≠m; A-Y-hm

A-h-cp-sS ÿm-]-\-ß-fn¬ C-X hn-f-ºp-∂p-t≠m F-s∂m-∂pw Nn-¥n-°m-

sX-bm-bn-cn-°mw B `m-c-hm-ln-Iƒ C-Xp ]-d-™-Xv.

]-ip, B-Sv ap-X-em-b ar-K-ßƒ Iq-Sn A-Xn-s‚ D-]-Po-h-\-Øn-\p-th-≠n

]-cn-i-an-®p sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bpw, A-h-bp-sS Ip-™p-ß-sf kv-t\-ln-°p-I-

bpw, H-c-Xn¿-Øn-h-sc A-h-bp-sS kw-c-£-W-Øn-\v B-h-iy-am-b-Xp ]-

h¿-Øn-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p-≠-t√m. \-Ωp-sS Po-hn-X-hpw A-≤zm-\-hpw \-

ap-°pw Ip-Spw-_-ßƒ-°pw th-≠n am-Xw ]-cn-an-X-am-hp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ a-

\p-jy-cm-b \m-apw ar-K-ß-fpw X-Ωn¬ h-en-b hy-Xym-k-ap-s≠-∂p ]-d-bm-

h-X-√. \mw a-c-ß-fp-sS \n-g-en¬ B-iz-kn-°p-∂p; A-h-bp-sS C-e, sIm-

ºv, X-Sn ap-X-em-b-h sIm-≠p D-]-Im-cw A-\p-`-hn-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p. \mw

I-√pw h-Sn-bpw sIm-≠p A-h-sb F-dn-™m-epw \-ap-°-h ]-g-ß-fm-Wv X-

cp-∂-Xv. kr-jv-Sn-I-fn¬-sh-®p G-‰-hpw ti-jvT-\m-b a-\p-jy≥ a-c-tØ-°mƒ

\-√-h-\pw a-‰p-≈-h¿-°p D-]-Im-c-s∏-´-h-\p-am-tI-≠-X-t√? X-s‚ Po-hn-Xw

sIm-≠p a-‰p-≈-h¿-°p H-cp ]-tbm-P-\-hp-an-s√-¶n¬ ]n-s∂ F-¥p ti-

jvT-X-bm-Wv A-h-\p-≈-Xv. a-\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn-s‚ hn-e-a-Xn-°m-\p-≈ am-\-

Z-fiw [-\-Øn-s‚ an-I-thm, D-tZym-K-Øn-s‚ h-ep-∏-tam, h¿-§-Øn-s‚ ta-

96


∑-tbm, Ip-Spw-_-Øn-s‚ ]q¿-Δ a-ln-a-tbm H-∂p-a-√. ]n-s∂-tbm, D-]-Im-c-

]-Z-am-bn \n-e-sIm-≈p-∂ A-h-ti-jn-°p-∂-Xp-am-b ]-hr-Øn-I-fm-Wv. a-c-

W-s∏-´-h-s‚ i-co-c-Øn¬ Xq-°-Øn-tem, h-ep-∏-Øn-tem, B-Ir-Xn-bn-tem,

H-∂n-epw H-cp Ip-d-hpw h-∂n-´n-√. B A-aq-ey-am-b B-flm-hv th¿-s∏-´p-

t]m-b-Xp-sIm-≠v B P-U-sØ Ip-t_-c-s\-t∂m, Ip-tN-e-s\-t∂m, ]-fin-

X-s\-t∂m, ]m-a-c-s\-t∂m ]-d-bm-h-X-√. ap-ºp sN-bv-Xn-´p-≈ ]-hr-Øn-I-

fp-sS B-I-Øp-I t\m-°n-bm-Wv A-h≥ _-lp-am-\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. C-Xm-

Wv A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ Cu B-b-Øv kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ""A-√m-lp-hn-¶¬ \n-

ß-fn¬ G-‰-hpw _-lp-am-\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿ \n-ß-fn¬ G-‰-hpw \-√ ]-hr-

Øn-sN-bv-X-h-cm-Wv.''

\n-ß-fn¬ ]-e-cpw kv-Iq-fp-I-fn-tem, a-‰p ÿm-]-\-ß-fn-tem, Hm-tcm tPm-

en-bn¬ G¿-s∏-´-h-cm-bn-cn-°mw. Cu tPm-en-bn¬ C-cp-∂p-sIm-≠p X-s∂

\n-ß-fn¬ ]-e¿-°pw ]-e \-√ Im-cy-ß-fpw sN-øm≥ I-gn-bpw. A-K-Xn-I-

fpw, ]-c-h-i-cpw, km-[p-°-fp-am-b ]n-©p-ss]-X-ßƒ-°p ]p-kv-X-Iw, t…-

‰v, s]≥-kn¬ ap-X-em-b D-]-I-c-W-ßƒ ti-J-cn-®p sIm-Sp-°m≥ I-gn-bp-

∂-Xm-Wv. a-‰p-≈-h-cn¬ \n-∂p Cu c-≠p ss]-k ho-Xw ]n-cn-®p-≠m-°n

A-Xp \n¿-Δ-ln-°m≥ I-gn-bpw. \n-ß-fp-sS Xm-a-k-ÿ-e-Øn-\-Sp-Øp-≈

ta-bm-Ø ]p-c-Iƒ km-[p-°-fp-sS X-s∂ k-lm-b-tØm-sS k-l-I-c-Wm-Sn-

ÿm-\-Øn¬ sI-´n ta-™p i-cn-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°m≥ i-an-°m-hp-∂-Xm-

Wv. X-° Nn-In-’-s°m-cp-ßm-sX a-¥-hpw t\¿-®-bpw, ]q-P-bpw \-S-Øn

tcm-K-im-¥n tX-Sp-I-bpw A-Xp-h-gn tcm-Kw aq¿-—n-°m≥ C-S-h-cn-I-bpw sN-

øp-∂ A-i-c-W-cm-b tcm-Kn-I-sf b-Ym-hn-[n Nn-In-’n-°m-\pw B-ip-]-Xn-

bn-te-bv-°p A-b-°m-\pw \n-ßƒ-°p I-gn-bpw.

\-_n-bp-sS ]-t_m-[-\w sIm-≠v B-Zy-L-´-Øn¬ aq-∂p t]-cm-W-t√m

]-Y-a-am-bn hn-iz-kn-®-Xv. F-hn-sS-bm-bn-cp-∂m-epw \n-ß-fpw aq-∂p kv-t\-

ln-X-∑m-sc k-ºm-Zn-°m≥ i-an-°-Ww. C-ßn-s\ ]-¥-t≠m-fw t]-sc-¶n-

epw ]q¿-Øn-bm-Ip-tºmƒ A-h¿ H-cp kw-Lw cq-]o-I-cn-°-Ww. I-gn-bp-∂

k-a-b-ß-fn-se-√mw H-Øp tN¿-∂p B ÿ-e-Øn-s‚ Np-‰p-]m-Sp-ap-≈-h-cp-

sS \-∑-°pw k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚ D-∂-a-\-Øn-\pw, A-`n-em-j-km-^-ey-Øn-\pw

th-≠n B-hp-∂-sX-√mw sN-øm≥ i-an-°-Ww. kzm¿-∞ Xm-ev-]-cy-tam,

ip-Xn-°pw, kv-Xp-Xn-]m-e-\-Øn-\p-ap-≈ tam-l-tam H-∂pw \n-ß-sf Xo-≠-

cp-Xv. Im-c-Ww b-Ym¿-∞-hn-P-b-Øn-s‚ am-\-Z-fiw B-flm¿-∞-X-bm-Wv.

b-Ym¿-∞ ]p-jv-]-ß-fn¬ \n-∂p am-X-ta ]-cn-a-fw A-Sn-®p ho-ip-I-bp-≈p.

I-S-em- p ]p-jv-]-ßƒ, A-h F-X a-t\m-l-c-ß-fm-I-s´, H-cn-°-epw ]-cn-a-

fw hn-X-dp-I-bn-√. a-X-]-c-am-b X¿-°-hn-j-b-ß-fn¬ \n-∂pw hn-´p-am-d-Ww.

a-‰p-≈-h-cp-sS A-`n-]m-b-ßƒ am-\n-°-Ww. X-s‚ A-`n-]m-b-ßƒ ku-ay-

X-tbm-sS, kv-t\-l-]q¿-Δw \-b-Øn¬ F-Xn-c- n-]m-b-°m-sc tIƒ-∏n-°-Ww.

97


A-t\ym-\yw k-Xyw K-ln-∏n-°p-I F-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww D-t±-iw. a-dn-®p

Xm≥ G-sX-¶n-epw \n-e-bn¬ hn-P-bn-°-W-sa-∂-Xm-h-cp-Xv.

A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ A-\p-K-l-Øm¬ \-ap-°p du-k-Øp¬ D-eqw A-d-_n-

t°m-tf-Ppw, ^m-dq-Jv tIm-tf-Ppw, ^m-dq-Jv ssl-kv-Iq-fpw a-‰pw ssI h-

∂n-´p-≠v. C-\n-bpw \-ap-°p, k-tlm-Z-cn-Iƒ-°p-th-≠ ]-tXy-I ÿm-]-\-

ßƒ, F-©n-\o-b-dnw-Kv tIm-tf-Pv, sa-Un-°¬ tIm-tf-Pv, F-√m-X-cw hn-

⁄m-\-ß-fpw Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂ D-b¿-∂ hn-Zym-`ym-k-Øn-\p-≈ ÿm-]-\w,

A-Xn-\p hn-Zq-c cm-Py-ß-fn-te-°v ]m-]v-X-∑m-sc A-b-°m-\p-≈ G¿-∏m-Sp-

Iƒ, C-…m-an-I ]-kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øn-\p-≈ G¿-∏m-Sp-Iƒ Xp-S-ßn-b ]-e-

Xpw h-f-sc A-Xym-h-iy-am-Wv. C-h t\-Sn-°-gn-™m¬ am-X-ta \mw A-¥-

p-≈ H-cp Po-h¬ k-ap-Zm-b-b-am-bn-Øo-cp-I-bp-≈q.

\n-ß-fp-sS am-Xr-ÿm-]-\-am-b du-k-Øn-s‚ k-tlm-Z-cn-bm-b ^m-dq-Jv

tIm-tf-Pn-s‚ D-Ø-a-k-¥m-\-ß-sf \-√-h-cpw, hn-⁄m-\n-I-fpw, kw-kv-Im-

c-k-º-∂-cpw, k-ap-Zm-tbm-∂-a-\-Øn¬ A-Xo-h Xm-ev-]-cy-ap-≈-h-cp-am-b B

k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-sc \n-ßƒ C-hn-sS A-h-cp-am-bn k-l-I-cn-®p ]-h¿-Øn-®n-cp-

∂ t]m-se Iq-´p-]n-Sn-®p H-Øp i-an-°p-∂-Xm-bm¬ Cu ]-d-™-h-sb-√mw

A-\-Xn-hn-Zq-c-am-b `m-hn-bn¬ ssI-h-t∂-°mw. B-Zyw \n-ß-fp-sS lr-Z-b-

ß-fn¬ Cu h-I Im-cy-ßƒ ap-f-®p X-fn¿-°-s´! lr-Z-b-Øn¬ th-cp-d-

®m¬ A-Xn-s‚ ap-f ]p-d-Øp-h-∂p sIm-≈pw.

R-ßƒ sN-dn-b-h-cm-Wv; \n- m-c-∑m-cm-Wv; C-X-bpw h-en-b Im-cy-ßƒ

F-ßn-s\ ssI-h-cp-hm-\m-Wv F-∂o A-[-a a-\x-ÿn-Xn-bpw `o-cp-Xz-hpw \n-

ß-sf Xo-≠-cp-Xv.

A-h-km-\-am-bn Rm≥ \n-ß-tfm-Sp ]-e-t∏m-gpw D-Zm-l-c-W k-ln-Xw

]-d-™n-´p-≈ K-l-\-am-b H-cp Im-cyw H-∂p-Iq-Sn D-W¿-Øn-s°m-≠p Cu

Ip-dn-∏p A-h-km-\n-∏n-°-s´. \n-ßƒ H-cp Su-Wn¬ \-S-°p-tºmƒ ""C-cp-

ºp jm-∏v, Xp-Wn-jm-∏v, tÃ-j-\-dn-∏o-Sn-I...'' Xp-S-ßn-b ]-e-hn-[ t_m¿-

Up-I-fpw Im-Wpw. F-∂m¬ C-h-°p-≈n¬ I-S-∂p Hm-tcm-∂pw ]-cn-tim-[n-

®m-se A-h-bp-sS X-c-ß-fpw hn-`m-K-ß-fpw Kp-W-tZm-j-ß-fpw hy-‡-am-bn

Xn-cn-bp-I-bp-≈p. C-Xp-t]m-se \n-ßƒ C-hn-sS \n-∂p sam-Ø-Øn¬ Hm-

tcm hn-j-b-sØ-∏-‰n-bpw ]-cn-an-X-am-b \n-e-°p ]Tn-®n-´p-≠m-bn-cn-°mw. F-

∂m¬ \n-ßƒ ]Tn-® Zo-\n-bm-b hn-j-b-ß-tfm-tcm-∂n-s‚-bpw D-≈n-tem-´p

I-S-∂p A-Xn-s‚ hn-`m-K-ß-fpw im-J-I-fpw a-\- n-em-°m≥ i-an-°p-I-bpw,

Km-V-am-bn Nn-¥n-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xm¬ am-X-ta \n-ßƒ-°p a-X-hn-j-b-ß-

fn¬ Iq-Sp-X¬ I-gn-hp t\-Sm≥ I-gn-bp-I-bp-≈q.

A-√m-lp \n-ß-sf A-\p-K-ln-°-s´!

du-k-Øp¬ D-eqw A-d-_n-t°m-tf-Ppw ^m-dq-Jp-tIm-tf-Ppw D-Ø-tcm-

Ø-cw h-f-cp-I-bpw \o-Wmƒ hm-gv-I-bpw sN-ø-s´!

98


A_p- -_mlv auem\m aplΩZentbm-sSm∏w(Cu-Pn-]vXn¬ hnZym¿∞n-bmbncp∂-t∏mƒ)

duk-Øp¬ Depw Ad-_n-t°m-tfPv A[ym-]-I-tcm-sSm∏w(h-eØp \n∂v \mem-a-tØ-Xv)

99


tkh\ ]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ G¿s∏´ Ad_nt°mtfPv hnZym¿∞n-I-tfm-sSm∏w

CuPn-]vX≥ kmwkvIm-cnI kwLw t\Xmhv A_vZp¬ ap≥ Cw \an-dn\vtImtf-Pn¬ kzoI-cWw \¬In-b-t∏mƒ. heØv \n∂v c≠m-a-tØXv kn.-FOv.

aZmkv \yq tImtfPv ]n≥kn-∏mƒ A_vZp¬ hlm_v _pJm-cn-tbm-sSm∏w

100


aZmkv k¿Δ-I-em-ime sshkv Nm≥k-e-dm-bn-cp∂ F.-e-£vaW kzmanapX-en-bm¿°v tImtf-Pn¬ kzoI-cWw \¬In-b-t∏mƒ.

sI.Fw.-ko-Xn-km-ln-_v, tUm.-A-_vZp¬ lJv F∂n-h-scbpw ImWmw.

aZmkv apJy-a-¥n, hnZym-`ymk a¥n F∂n-h-tcm-sSm-∏w.(C-SØv \n∂v H∂m-a-tØXv A_p- -_mlv, c≠m-a-tØXv koXn kmln-_v)

akvPn-Zp¬ Akvl¿

101


cmPm-tK‰v (Im-º-kn-te-°p≈ ]th-i\ Ihm-Sw)

Ad-_n-t°m-tfPv sI´nSw

102


t\Xr-kvarXn

1. k¿ kønZv AlvaZv Jm≥ 100

Fw.sF. Xßƒ

2 tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln-_v 40

sI.-]n.- Ip-™n-Ωqk

3. _n.- t]m-°¿ kmln_v 70

sI.-]n.- Ip-™n-Ωqk

4. sI.-Fw.-ko-Xn-km-ln_v 250

]n.- Jm-enZv

5. kønZv A_vZp-d-ln-am≥ _m^Jn Xßƒ 170

Fw.-kn. -h-S-Ic

6. Sn.- D-ss_Zv 80

sI.- A-_q-_-°¿

7. auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen 60

s]m^. apl-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

8. H.- B-_p 75

C_mlnw t_hn©, kn.-Sn.-_-jo¿

9. h°w A_vZp¬ JmZ¿ 60

F.-sI.- A-_vZp¬ aPoZv

10. ]n.-F.- skbvXp apl-Ω-Zv 75

Pam¬ sIm®-ßmSn

11. sI.-sI.- A_pkmln_v 80

Sn.-]n.-Fw.- _-jo¿

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