Monitoring Water Use and Drought at Field to Global Scales, Chris Hain

Monitoring Water

Use and Drought at

Field to Global

Scales

Martha C. Anderson, Feng Gao, Yun Yang, Liang Sun, Yang Yang

USDA-Agricultural Research Service

Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory

Beltsville, MD

Chris Hain

Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center,

University of Maryland, NOAA-NESDIS

Landscape scale

TRAD - Landsat, MODIS

Ta - ALEXI

TRAD (φ), fcTRAD (φ), fc

Rsoil

Tc

Tac

Hs

Ts

Ra H = Hc + Hs

Rx

Hc

Ta

ABL

Ta

ALEXI DisALEXI

5 km

30 m

Tw

o-S

ou

rce M

od

el

TRAD,i(φi), fc,i

i

Ra,i

Blending height

(ALEXI disaggregation)

Mu

lti-sc

ale

ET

mo

de

ling

syst

em

Regional scale

DTRAD - Geostationary

Ta - ABL model

Surface temp:

Air temp:

NENA Stakeholders Workshop – October 2015

TRAD (φ), fcTRAD (φ), fc

Rsoil

Tc

Tac

Hs

Ts

Ra H = Hc + Hs

Rx

Hc

Ta

ABL

Ta

ALEXI DisALEXI

5 km

30 m

Tw

o-S

ou

rce M

od

el

TRAD,i(φi), fc,i

i

Ra,i

Blending height

Energy balance:

ET = (RNET

- G) - H

Normalization

=

T

E

C02

(Atmosphere-Land Exchange Inverse model)

Po

lar

(Lan

dsa

t)

Air

bo

rne

(U

SU a

ircr

aft)

Wate

rshe

d

(60

m)

Field

scale

(30

m)

SURFACE TEMPERATURE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION

GEO

(G

OES

Imag

er) R

egio

nal

(5km

) G

EO

(GO

ES S

ou

nd

er) C

on

tine

ntal

(10

km)

Tem

per

atu

re (C

)

Po

lar

(MO

DIS

) Basin

(1

km)

Latent H

eat (W

m-2)

GEO

(I

SCC

P)

Glo

bal

(25

km)

1 July 2002 – 10:30AM LST

corn soy

Hourly

Daily

1 LS – 16 day

2 LS – 8 day

DATA FUSION: daily ET at

field scale

Ap

plic

atio

ns

for

Re

mo

tely

Se

nse

d E

T

WATER

MANAGEMENT

DROUGHT

MONITORING

FOOD AND WATER

SECURITY


… Field-Scale Water Management

APPLICATIONS FOR SATELLITE ET


Wa

ter

use

dyn

am

ics

in v

ine

ya

rds

Gallo Vineyards, Central Valley CA

1

2

GRAPEX2013, 14, 15


Landsat 8 - 2013 Wa

ter

use

dyn

am

ics

in v

ine

ya

rds


Gallo Vineyards, Central Valley CA

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

200

2

4

6

8

10

100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300

ET (

mm

/day

)

Day of year

SITE 1:

Pinot Noir – 8 YR (2013)

GR

AP

EX

20

13-2

014

Ra

infa

ll (mm

/da

y)

ALEXI ET (4km) Observed ET Landsat retrieval Landsat-MODIS fusion Precipitation

4km


0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

200

2

4

6

8

10

100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300

ET (

mm

/day

)

Day of year

GR

AP

EX

20

13-2

014

Ra

infa

ll (mm

/da

y)

ALEXI ET (4km) Observed ET Landsat retrieval Landsat-MODIS fusion Precipitation

SITE 2:

Pinot Noir – 5 YR (2013)

4km


Wa

ter

use

dyn

am

ics

in v

ine

ya

rds

UAV LST – 0.6 m (August 9, 2014) 7 AM 11 AM Time difference


… Crop stress and yield impacts

MONITORING DROUGHT

InterSucho Summer School – June 2015

Sa

telli

te E

T D

rou

gh

t In

dic

ato

r

Atmosphere-Land Exchange Inverse Model (ALEXI) (Anderson et al., 1997, 2007)


GOES Evaporative Stress Index JUNE 2002

565000 570000 575000 580000 585000 590000

3490000

3495000

3500000

3505000

3510000

3515000

565000 570000 575000 580000 585000 590000

3490000

3495000

3500000

3505000

3510000

3515000

Dro

ug

ht/

Cro

p S

tre

ss


GLOBAL ESI (5KM)

… Africa/NENA

GLOBAL APPLICATIONS FOR SATELLITE ET


ALEXI (Energy balance) Noah (Water balance)

2009 FEBRUARY

(MJ m-2 d-1)

ALEXI NOAH MOD16

0

2

4

6

8

ET (m

m/d

ay

)

Wa

ter

use

by irr

iga

tio

n

0

1

2

3

4

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

ALE

XI E

T (m

m/d

ay)

YEAR

Houborg et al., 4th International Symposium of RAQRS, Valencia, Spain, Sept. 2014

GROUNDWATER

DEPLETION TRENDS

(GRACE, mm/yr)

ALEXI ET – AL JOWF IRRIGATION SITE

MODIS (1km) LANDSAT (30m)

MULTI-SCALE ET MAPPING (mm/day)


Yie

ld e

stim

atio

n in

Tu

nis

ia

YIELD

ESTIMATION

Middle East Water and Livelihoods Initiative (WLI)

Partners: Tunisia (N. Sghaier, CNCT), USAID, ICARDA


Yie

ld e

stim

atio

n in

Tu

nis

ia

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

ESI

Wh

ea

t y

ield

an

om

aly

ESI

Wh

ea

t y

ield

an

om

aly


ESI: Evaporative Stress Index (ET/PET anomalies)

-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

-16 -12 -8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32

Co

rre

lati

on

co

eff

icie

nt (r

)

Week of year

Harvest BE KE AR JE BA BI MA NA SI ZA

-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

-16 -12 -8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32

Co

rre

lati

on

co

eff

icie

nt (r

)

Week of year


DTRMM Precip

-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

-16 -12 -8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32

Co

rre

lati

on

co

eff

icie

nt (r

)

Week of year


DCHIRPS Precip

-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

-16 -12 -8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32

Co

rre

lati

on

co

eff

icie

nt (r

)

Week of year


-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

-16 -12 -8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32

Co

rre

lati

on

co

eff

icie

nt (r

)

Week of year


ESI DLAI

Governorates (Northern Tunisia)

INDEX CORRELATIONS WITH ANNUAL WHEAT YIELD ANOMALIES (2002-2013)

Ha

rve

st

Loblolly Pine Plantation, NC

Landsat 8 - 2013 Eff

ec

t o

f fo

rest

ma

na

ge

me

nt


Eff

ec

t o

f fo

rest

ma

na

ge

me

nt

ALEXI ET Observed ET Landsat retrievals Landsat-only Landsat-MODIS fusion

NC2: Loblolly Pine (2013)

(Yang et al., 2015)


Eff

ec

t o

f fo

rest

ma

na

ge

me

nt


NC3: Clearcut Pine (2013)

(Yang et al., 2015)


Wa

ter

use

va

ria

bili

ty w

ith

sta

nd

ag

e

Pine Plantation Stand Age

(Yang et al., 2015)


JAN-FEB MAR-APR MAY-JUN JUL-AUG SEP-OCT NOV-DEC A

LEX

I N

OA

H+

IRR

IG

MO

D16

LAI

LAI (-)

ET (mm d-1)

NILE DELTA

GEZIRA IRRIGATION SCHEME JAN-FEB MAR-APR MAY-JUN JUL-AUG SEP-OCT NOV-DEC

ALE

XI

MO

D16

LAI

LAI (-)

ET (mm d-1)

NO

AH

+IR

RIG

JAN-FEB MAR-APR MAY-JUN JUL-AUG SEP-OCT NOV-DEC A

LEX

I M

OD

16

LAI

LAI (-)

ET (mm d-1)

SUDD WETLAND

NO

AH

+IR

RIG

ALE

XI M

EN

A D

om

ain

s

Evapotranspiration 2009

JAN-FEB MAR-APR JUN-JUL AUG-SEP

MJ m-2 day-1

0

5

10

15

20

25

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

2007 2007.5 2008 2008.5 2009 2009.5 2010 2010.5 2011 2011.5 2012

Daily Flu

x (MJ m

-2d

ay-1)

Leaf

Are

a In

de

x

LAI Net Radiation Latent HeatNILE DELTA

0

5

10

15

20

25

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

2007 2007.5 2008 2008.5 2009 2009.5 2010 2010.5 2011 2011.5 2012

Daily Flu

x (MJ m

-2d

ay-1)

Leaf

Are

a In

de

x

LAI Net Radiation Latent HeatGEZIRA

0

5

10

15

20

25

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

2007 2007.5 2008 2008.5 2009 2009.5 2010 2010.5 2011 2011.5 2012

Daily Flu

x (MJ m

-2d

ay-1)

Leaf

Are

a In

de

x

LAI Net Radiation Latent HeatSUDD


Afr

ica

n M

on

soo

n P

roje

ct

(MJ m-2 d-1)

African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (CNRM, CESBIO)

BENIN

NIGER

MALI Flux towers

Landsat Science Team, July 2015 NENA Stakeholders Workshop – October 2015

MSG (3km)

MSG (3km)

MODIS (1km)

MODIS (1km) L7 (30m) L7 (30m)

L7 (30m)

Bellefoungou Forest

BENIN, AFRICA ET (mm/d)

Benin, Africa

Landsat 7 - 2009 Fo

rre

st a

nd

fie

ld t

ow

er

site

s

Daily ET 324


0

2

4

6

8

10

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

ET (

mm

/day

)

Day of year

Na

loh

ou

(Fa

llow

fie

ld)



0

2

4

6

8

10

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

ET (

mm

/day

)

Day of year

Be

llefo

un

go

u F

ore

st



GOES/MODIS/Landsat FUSION

GO

ES

(AL

EX

I)

MO

DIS

(Dis

AL

EX

I)

LA

ND

SA

T

(Dis

AL

EX

I)

DOY 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336

Landsat 5 Landsat 7

(Gao et al, 2006)

Spatial Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model

(STARFM)

Daily Evapotranspiration – Orlando, FL, 2002

Ev

alu

atio

n o

f fu

sed

ET

flu

xe

s

SMEX02 Soil Moisture Experiment 2002

Ames, Iowa Rainfed corn and soybean

BEAREX08 Bushland ET and Remote sensing Experiment 2008 Bushland, Texas

Rainfed and irrigated cotton

MEAD Ameriflux site (S. Verma) Mead, NE Rainfed and irrigated corn and soybean

4 km

SMEX02


Mo

de

l pe

rfo

rma

nc

e o

n L

an

dsa

t d

ate

s

SMEX02 BEAREX08 MEAD

1.08 MJ m-2 d-1

8%

MAE:

RE: 1.3 MJ m-2 d-1

10%

1.3 MJ m-2 d-1

11%


Va

lida

tio

n u

sin

g f

lux t

ow

er

da

ta

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240

Cu

mu

lativ

e E

T (m

m)

Day of Year

0

2

4

6

8

10

150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240

Da

ily E

T (m

m p

er

da

y)

Day of Year

Reference ET Observed ET Landsat retrievals Landsat-only Landsat-MODIS fusion

0

2

4

6

8

10

150 165 180 195 210 225 240

Da

ily E

T (m

m p

er

da

y)

Day of Year

RAIN

Rainfed soybean – SMEX02 (Iowa)


SM

EX

02

cu

mu

lative

flu

xe

s

y = 1.0089x - 7.2676R² = 0.8784

y = 1.2552x - 76.752R² = 0.8699

175

200

225

250

275

300

175 200 225 250 275 300

Mo

de

led

cu

mu

lativ

e f

lux

(m

m)

Observed cumulative flux (mm)

Landsat-only Landsat-MODIS

(7% RE) (4% RE)


BEA

REX

08

an

d M

EA

D

BEAREX08 MEAD Unirrigated cotton

Irrigated cotton

Irrigated corn

Unrrigated corn


Wa

ter

use

va

ria

bili

ty w

ith

sta

nd

ag

e

(Yang et al., 2015)


Wa

ter

use

va

ria

bili

ty w

ith

lan

d u

se

(Yang et al., 2015)


Monitoring Water Use and Drought at Field to Global Scales, Chris Hain

Education

Transcript of Monitoring Water Use and Drought at Field to Global Scales, Chris Hain