Total de Trabalhos: 00039

XXXIII Reunião Anual da FeSBE

03.001 Endurance training restores spatially distinct cardiac mitochondrial function and myocardial contractility in ovariectomized rats

Autores

Rogerio Faustino Ribeiro Junior 1, Elis Aguiar Morra 1, Paula Lopes Rodrigues 1, Itamar Couto

Guedes de Jesus 2, Patrícia Ribeiro Do Val Lima 1, Renata Andrade Ávila 1, Tadeu Ériton Caliman

Zanardo 1, Breno Valentim Nogueira 1, Silvia Guatimosim 2, Ivanita Stefanon 1

Instituição 1 UFES - Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, 2 UFMG - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Resumo

We previously demonstrated that that the loss of female hormones induces cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunction in the female heart. Here we show the impact of endurance training for twelve weeks, a nonpharmacological therapy against cardiovascular disease and its contribution to cardiac contractility, mitochondrial quality control, bioenergetics and oxidative damage in ovariectomized rats. We found that hormone deprivation induced cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction by decreasing Serca2a and increasing phospholamban protein expression. Endurance training restored myocardial contractility, Serca2a levels, increased calcium transient in ovariectomized rats but did not change phospholamban protein expression or cardiac hypertrophy. Hormone deprivation decreased the amount of interfibrillar mitochondria and induced mitochondrial fragmentation that were accompanied by decreased levels of mitofusion 1, PGC-1α, NRF-1, total AMPK-α and mitochondrial Tfam. Endurance training normalized mitochondrial interfibrillar yield, increased subsarcolemmal yield in ovariectomized rats and restored mitochondrial fragmentation by increasing mitofusion 2 protein expression in ovariectomized rats. These

changes were accompanied by reduced O2 consumption, elevated O2.- release and increased Ca2+-

induced mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening in both mitochondrial subpopulations. Endurance training restored oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial calcium retention capacity, PGC-1α, NRF-1, total AMPK- α, and mitochondrial Tfam protein expression. Moreover, ovariectomy increased NOX-4 protein expression in the heart, reduced mitochondrial Mn-SOD, catalase protein expression and increased protein carbonylation in both mitochondrial subpopulations. Endurance exercise restored NOX-4, Mn-SOD, catalase and protein carbonylation. Taking together, our findings show that endurance training restores cardiac contractility dysfunction and mitochondrial quality control in hormone deficient female rats.

Palavras-chaves: interfibrillar and subsarcolemmal mitoch, female hormone deprivation, bioenergetics, mitochondrial quality control, cardiac dysfunction

03.002 OXIDATIVE BALANCE IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND HIPPOCAMPUS OF ADULT RATS SUBMITTED TO A DAILY RESISTANCE TRAINING.

Autores

Glauber Rudá Feitoza Braz 1,2, Gabriel Martins de Oliveira 2, Kecli Marli Vieira da Silva 2, Débora

Priscila Lima de Oliveira 2, Claudivan da Silva Azevedo 2, Raquel da Silva Aragão 2,1, José Antonio

Santos 2,1, Claudia Jacques Lagranha 2,1

Instituição 1 UFPE - Federal University of Pernambuco, 2 UFPE-CAV - Federal University of Pernambuco-

Academic Center of Vitória

Resumo

Introduction: Oxidative stress is induced by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense, compromising central nervous system function with significative impact on neurodegenerative diseases and energy balance disturbances. Physical training is known that stimulates antioxidant defenses and neurogenesis, both important factors for maintenance of cognition and energy homeostasis. Although it is already known that aerobic exercises target neurological diseases, the impact of daily resistance training in brain regions still need to be clarified.

Aim: Investigate oxidative balance in the hypothalamus and hippocampus of 100-days-old male rats submitted to a daily resistance training.

Methodology: Wistar male rats (n=26) at 70 days of age were assigned into two groups: control (C, n=12) and trained (T, n=14). Trained animals were submitted to a resistance training in ladder climbing at 80% of maximal overload, evaluated weekly to adjust individual load, 5 days/week during 4 weeks. At 100 days of age, hypothalamus and hippocampus were collected for the following analysis: oxidative stress biomarkers – lipid peroxidation (MDA) and protein oxidation (Carbonyl content); enzymatic antioxidant defense – Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and Glutathione-S-transferase (GST); and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense – reduced glutathione (GSH) and total thiol groups (SH levels). After tested for normal distribution, data were compared by unpaired student t-test for significative difference by GraphPad Prism 6.0 software, considering p≤0.05, and expressed as percentage of control (n=4-7). The present study was carried out in accordance with Brazilian Ethical Committee for animal experimentation and has been approved by local Ethics Committee of Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE) - Protocol nº 0002/2017.

Results: Related to hypothalamus, resistance training reduced MDA concentration in 58% (p=0.0053), increased SOD activity in 30% (p=0.0447) and reduced GST activity in 31% (p=0.0340). In the hippocampus, resistance training decreased MDA concentration and carbonyl content in a range of 40% (p=0.0313 and p=0.0051, respectively). Also, there was a 5-fold increase in CAT activity (p=0.0197) and GST activity by 46% (p=0.040).

Conclusion: According to our data, daily resistance training at adulthood was capable to positively modulate oxidative balance in brain tissues of male rats, contributing to reduce oxidative damage, more evident in the hippocampus. These effects could contribute to decreasing the genesis of neurodegenerative diseases.

Funding: FACEPE (APQ-0164-4.05/15) and UFPE.

Palavras-chaves: Brain, Oxidative stress, Physical Training

03.003 Oxidative stress assessment of MMA athletes during a simulated fight of MMA.

Autores Rodrigo Castro Ferreira de Mello 1, Diego Viana Gomes 1, Bruna Karoline Lima Piazera 1, Veronica

Salerno Pinto 1

Instituição 1 UFRJ - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

Resumo

Introduction: Training protocols for MMA athletes are often applied in excess since this sport is a mix of numerous styles of fighting. One of the consequences of an excessive volume of exercise is the increase in free radical formation from an increased oxygen utilization, which can lead to oxidative stress and loss of performance.

Objective: To assess the physical performance and oxidative stress markers in plasma and saliva of MMA athletes after a combat situation.

Methodology: Blood and saliva were collected from 17 professional MMA athletes (15 men and 2 women) at baseline and after performance tests and a fight simulation. Performance tests consisted of: flexibility (Wells bench), handgrip strength (Smedley Digital-takey), vertical jump and push-ups. Fight simulations were three rounds of 5 min with 1 min rest between each. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC), uric acid, biomarkers of oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation - TBARS) and cell damage (AST, ALT and CK) in plasma were measured, as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes (Catalase and SOD). Data are displayed on average ± standard error. The statistical difference was considered significant when p <0.05 as evaluated by an ANOVA one way analysis. The project was approved by the ethics committee of the University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho (089/11- CAAE: 61478916.0.0000.5257).

Results: After a fight simulation, plasma lactate increased (Pre 0.96 ± 0.24 mmol/L and Post 2.45 ± 0.89 mmol/L) indicating moderate exercise intensity. This intensity did not alter results from the performance tests evaluated. Lipid peroxidation (TBARS) was not significantly changed, but the cell lesion biomarkers ALT (Pre 10.09 ± 5.5 U/l and Post 17.2 ± 13.6 U/l), ALT (Pre 14.2 ± 6,2 U/l and Post 21,05 ± 9,9 U/l) and CK (Pre 222.6 ± 181.4 U/L and Post 381.6 ± 330.4 U/L) all increased. The antioxidant protection after the fight simulation, measured by TAC in plasma and saliva were not changed. However, a potent antioxidant, uric acid, was increased by approximately 50% in both plasma and saliva. SOD activity was not altered, however, catalase activity in plasma was increased after the simulation (Pre 0.68 ± 1.007 K/g/Hb and Post 2.5 ± 1.7 K/g/Hb). The plasma and salivary biomarkers of lactate and TAC showed a strong and strong Pearson correlation, respectively (Lactate r² 0.7451 P = 0.0001; CAT 0.9665 P = 0.0001).

Conclusion: Plasma lactate levels indicated a moderate effort, yet the intensity exerted in a fight simulation did not alter the results in either the performance tests or in markers of oxidative stress. However, the simulated MMA fight was able to promote muscle injury as observed by the plasmatic increase in the enzymes AST, ALT and CK. After combat, the oxidant protection appeared greater via increases in uric acid (UA). In addition, greater catalase activity was observed. The strong positive correlation in the lactate and DPPH concentrations between the plasma and saliva suggests that saliva could be used to measure the intensity and total antioxidant capacity, respectively.

Funding: FAPERJ

Palavras-chaves: Oxidative Stress, Performance, Exercise, MMA, saliva

03.004 EFFECT OF CURCUMIN AND HIGH-INTENSITY PHYSICAL TRAINING ON THE BRAIN AND MOTOR PERFORMANCE OF RATS WITH CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA

Autores

Karine Sthéfany Serpa Amaral Dias 1, Jonas Augusto Ramos 1, Bruno Mattiello Gomes 1, Amanda

Augusta Santos 1, Andressa Vallotti Balieri 1, Bethânia Ferreira Nascimento 1, Luiz Guilherme

Barbosa 1, Renan de Araújo Costa 1, Vinicius Sacramento Resende 1, Yuri César Silva 1, Flávia

Carmo Horta Pinto 1, Laila Cristina Moreira Damázio 1

Instituição 1 UFSJ - Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei

Resumo

Title: EFFECT OF CURCUMIN AND HIGH-INTENSITY PHYSICAL TRAINING ON THE BRAIN AND MOTOR PERFORMANCE OF RATS WITH CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA

1DIAS, K. S. S. A.* , 2RAMOS, J. A., 2GOMES, B. M., 1SANTOS, A. A., 2BALIERI, A. V., 2NASCIMENTO, B. F., 2BARBOSA, L; G., 1COSTA, R. A., 2RESENDE, V. S., 2SILVA, Y. C., 1PINTO, F. C. H., 2DAMÁZIO, L. C. M., 1Natural Sciences Department, 2Medical Department, Dom Bosco Campus, Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil.

Introduction: Brain ischemia is the second most deadly disease in the world, and it has already been proven that mild and moderate physical exercises minimize the deleterious effects of this disease on the brain. Curcumin has also been considered a neuroprotective substance.

Objective: Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of high-resistance training and curcumin on the brain and motor performance of rats with cerebral ischemia using a model of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion.

Methodology: Functional tests were performed to analyze rats' motor performance, namely parallel bar test and misstep test. For nerve tissue analysis, Nissl staining and neuronal counting were performed in the cerebral cortex, striatum, and hippocampus of the brains. Two protocols of high-intensity physical training were performed for six weeks, five days a week, from 20 to 40 minutes.

Results: The results demonstrated that there were significant differences in the parallel bar test and misstep test regarding the number of errors committed by the trained animals in comparison to the sedentary ones and the group that received curcumin. With respect to the number of neurons in the cortex and striatum, a lower neuronal density was observed in the trained animals.

Conclusion: Thus, the animals of the sedentary group and the group that received curcumin exhibited better motor performance and higher neuronal density in the areas assessed, demonstrating that high-intensity physical exercise increased brain injury and worsened animals' motor performance.

Instituição de fomento: CNPq / UFSJ – PIBIC.

Número do código da aprovação (protocolo/ processo/ número): Protocolo 017/2016. Comissão de Ética no Uso de Animais da UFSJ – CEUA/UFSJ.

Palavras-chaves: CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA, CURCUMIN, HIGH-INTENSITY PHYSICAL TRAINING , MOTOR PERFORMANCE

03.005 EFFECT OF THE SUPPLEMENTATION OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF WHEY PROTEINS AND RESISTANT TRAINING ON BODY MASS AND GASTROCNEMIUS AND SOLEUS MUSCLES IN WISTAR RATS.

Autores Raphael Furtado Marques 1, Marcos Roberto Campos de Macedo 2, Alanna Joselle Santiago Silva 2,

Elaine Vieira Paiva 3, Antônio Coppi Navarro 1,3, Francisco Navarro 1,2,3

Instituição 1 PPGEF - UFMA - Programa de Pós Graduação em Educação Física - Universidade Federal do

Maranhão , 2 PPGSAD - UFMA - Programa de Pós Graduação em Saúde do Adulto - Universidade

Federal do Maranhão, 3 DEF - UFMA - Graduação em Educação Física - Universidade Federal do

Maranhão

Resumo

Introduction: Resistance training (RT) and protein supplementation have been shown to have potent stimulators for increasing muscle mass. The recommendations of daily protein intake for trained individuals are about 1,2 to 2g/kg/day, but doses above 3g/kg/day are already suggested with the aim of increasing the muscle mass in these individuals. Objective: To verify the effect of supplementation of 2, 4 and 6g/kg/day doses of Whey Proteins (WP) associated with 12-week RT on body mass (BM) and mass of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles in male Wistar rats. Materials and methods: Project approved by the Ethics and Research Committee on the Use of Animals of UFMA, nº 23115.011090 / 2016-48. With 29 rats, 60 days old, distributed in 4 groups: TC; TR control; and the TW2, TW4 and TW6 groups, who performed RT and WP supplementation at doses 2, 4 and 6g/kg/day, respectively. The rats were fed standard balanced ration for rodents (CR-1) and water ad libidum. The protocol lasted 12 weeks of RT with daily supplementation of WP by gavage. The WP dose was adjusted weekly by MC. The RT was performed on a vertical ladder (110cm high, 18cm wide, grid with 2cm spacing between the steps and 80º inclination, with a 20x20x20cm box at the top of the ladder), at a frequency of 3 times per week with 48h interval between sessions. A maximum carrying load (MCL) test was performed at the beginning of the training protocol, and thereafter every two weeks to adjust the intensity of the training. The RT session consisted of 4 climbs with 50, 75, 90 and 100% of the MCL, and 120s of intervals between climbs. The rats were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of Ketamine 70mg/kg and Xilazine 10mg/kg and subsequent decapitation. After that, the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were extracted. The variables were compared between groups by ANOVA Two-Way and Tukey’s post Hoc, significance level p <0.05. Results: The initial and final BM in the groups were: TC (287.0 ± 9.08g and 453.1 ± 25.27g) increase 57.8%; TW2 (302.5 ± 31.66g and 441.2 ± 56.74g) increased 45.7%; TW4 (280.3 ± 23.43g and 422.1 ± 22.58g), increase of 51.1%; and TW6 (297.5 ± 16.28g and 439.4 ± 35.65g) increased by 47.6%. BM increased in all groups with statistical significance comparing pre and post (p <0.0001), but it was not different in the comparison between groups. The final muscle mass of the gastrocnemius + soleus relative to BM was: TC 6.128 ± 0.484mg/g; TW2 6.550 ± 0.448 mg/g; TW4 6.234 ± 0.550mg/g; TW6 7.102 ± 0.408mg/g. The muscle mass of TW6 was 15.8% higher than the TC group (p = 0.0016) and 10% higher than TW4 (p = 0.0111) but it was not different from TW2. Conclusion: Supplementation with WP caused a significant increase (p <0.0001) in BM in all groups, but did not present significant statistical difference between groups. Supplementation with 6g/kg/day of WP in trained rats resulted in a greater relative mass of the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles, but was not statistically different from the group that consumed 2g/kg/day. Financial Support: Scholarship, master's degree, CAPES*

Palavras-chaves: hypertrophy, protein synthesis, resistance training, skeletal muscle, whey proteins

03.006 EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE FEBRIGENIC SIGNALING IS MODULATED BY PREOPTIC HYDROGEN SULFIDE PRODUCTION

Autores

Jonatas Evandro Nogueira 1,2, Renato Nery Soriano 3, Rodrigo Alberto Restrepo Fernandez 1, Heloísa

Della Coletta Francescato 1, Rafael Simone Saia 1, Terezila Machado Coimbra 1, José Antunes

Rodrigues 1, Luiz Guilherme de Siqueira Branco 1,4

Instituição 1 FMRP-USP - School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 2 EEFERP-USP -

School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, 3 UFJF-GV -

Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, 4 FORP-USP - Dental School of Ribeirão

Preto, University of São Paulo

Resumo

Introduction: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to play important roles in several physiological and pathophysiological conditions and seems to play a pivotal anti-inflammatory role, including in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus (POA), the hierarchically most important region involved in thermoregulation. Physical exercise affects the immune system modulating the production and release of cytokines and corticosterone (CORT). Objective: analyze if the neuromodulator H2S in the POA modulates the febrigenic signaling differently in sedentary and trained rats. Methodology: Seventy five male rats ran (or not) during 4 weeks and 24h after the last training session received an intraperitoneal (ip) injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 µg/kg) or saline. We analyze the magnitude of changes of body temperature (Tb) during the LPS-induced fever, POA H2S production rate as well as their protein expressions of H2S-related synthases cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MPST) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) along with plasma levels of cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] and CORT. Experimental protocols were approved by the Local Animal Ethical Committee of the Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (2015.1.973.58.7). Two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test and Pearson’s correlation test were used. Results: Intraperitoneal injection LPS caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in Tb (fever) of sedentary rats. Administration of LPS to trained rats also evoked a significant (P<0.05) rise in Tb (fever) when compared to exercise saline. The changes in Tb of trained rats injected with saline or LPS were not different (P>0.05) from those of sedentary rats injected with saline or LPS, respectively. In sedentary rats, H2S production was not affected by LPS. Conversely, in trained rats LPS caused a sharp increase in H2S production rate (P<0.05) that was accompanied by an increased CBS expression profile (P<0.05), whereas 3-MPST and CSE expressions were kept relatively constant. Sedentary rats showed a significant (P<0.05) LPS-induced release of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) which was virtually abolished in the trained animals. Correlation between POA H2S and IL-6 (R=0.414, P=0.032) as well as TNF-α (R=0.406, P=0.034) was observed. Corticosterone levels were augmented after LPS injection in both groups (P<0.05). We found correlations between H2S and corticosterone (R=0.167, P=0.047), and corticosterone and IL-1β (R=0.289, P=0.031). Conclusion: These data are consistent with the notion that the responses to systemic inflammation are tightly regulated through adjustments in POA H2S production which may play an anti-inflammatory role downmodulating plasma cytokines levels and upregulating corticosterone release.

Funding: CAPES, CNPq and FAPESP.

Palavras-chaves: H2S, hypothalamus, fever, cytokines, physical training

03.007 Efeitos do treinamento físico na interface músculo-tendão na região cervical em modelo experimental de menopausa

Autores Carolina dos Santos Jacob 1, Jurandyr Pimentel Neto 1, Lara Caetano Rocha 1, Ii-Sei Watanabe 2,

Adriano Polican Ciena 1

Instituição 1 UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista , 2 USP - Universidade de São Paulo

Resumo

Introduction: Menopause is a physiological process characterized by a hormonal disorder responsible for many adaptations due to attenuation of estrogen and progesterone levels that elevates the possibilities of future pathologies, which limit women quality of life. Another alteration due to aging is muscular atrophy where muscular system undergoes multiple morphological alterations result of sarcopenia. Thus the entire interface area of myotendinous junction (MTJ) submits to several implications in its morphological and ultrastructural characteristics resulting in drastic changes in the force transmission between the muscle and tendon. Physical exercise attenuates the effects of muscle atrophy and results in benefits in the MTJ region. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the morphological and ultrastructural aspects of MTJ of the sternomastoid of aged Wistar rats submitted to menopause experimental model and swimming training. Methodology: Forty aged Wistar rats, 1 year and 2 months of age, were randomly divided into four groups (n=10): Sedentary (S): animals were not submitted to swimming training and ovariectomy; Training (T): animals were only submitted to swimming training; Menopause Model (M): animals were only submitted ovariectomy; Training Menopause Model (TM): animals were submitted to swimming training and ovariectomy. The samples of the MTJ were dissected and analyzed by transmission electron microscope. The sarcoplasmic invagination and evagination lengths were measured by morphometric analysis (ImageJ® software), the mean value and standard deviation analyzed by ANOVA One-Way variance analysis by Bonferroni post-test in Graph Pad Prism 5.0® software. All procedures adopted in this study were approved by the Committee on Ethics in the Use of Animals (CEUA) of the Institute of Biosciences of UNESP - Rio Claro Campus (nº1078/2018). Results: The T group showed a 48% increase in sarcoplasmic invagination lengths (p<0.001) and 36% in sarcoplasmic evagination (p<0.01). The M group presented a decrease of 46% in sarcoplasmic invagination lengths and a 59% in evagination lengths. The TM group invaginations length showed 666% greater (p<0.001) and sarcoplasmic evaginations 298% greater (p<0.001) than the M group. Conclusion: We concluded that MTJ presents alterations due to aging and reduction of ovarian hormones. Swimming training, in turn, contributed to the development and extensive changes in MTJ such as the length of sarcoplasmic invaginations. These changes are most relevant in training after the ovariectomy.

Funding: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Processo nº 2017/21764-0

Palavras-chaves: envelhecimento, exercício físico, junção miotendínea, menopausa

03.008 ISOMETRIC PRE-CONDITIONING ACCELERATES RECOVERY OF EXERCISE-INDUCED MUSCLE DAMAGE SYMPTOMS REGARDLESS OF THE SEVERITY OF THE DAMAGING PROTOCOL: A PILOT STUDY

Autores Renan Vieira Barreto 1, Leonardo Coelho Rabello de Lima 2, Camila Coelho Greco 1, Benedito Sérgio

Denadai 1

Instituição 1 UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista , 2 UNIARARAS - Centro Universitário Herminio Ometto, 3 UNISAL - Centro Universitário Salesiano de São Paulo

Resumo

ISOMETRIC PRE-CONDITIONING ACCELERATES RECOVERY OF EXERCISE-INDUCED MUSCLE DAMAGE SYMPTOMS

REGARDLESS OF THE SEVERITY OF THE DAMAGING PROTOCOL: A PILOT STUDY

1Renan Vieira Barreto*, 1,2,3Leonardo Coelho Rabello de Lima, 1Camila Coelho Greco, 1Benedito Sérgio Denadai

1 Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro/SP, Brazil

2 Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Centro Universitário Herminio Ometto, Araras/SP, Brasil

3 School of Physical Education, Centro Universitário Salesiano de São Paulo, Campinas/SP, Brasil

*reenanvb@gmail.com

CAAE: 77719717.5.0000.5465 / Nº do parecer: 2.422.723

Introduction: Muscle damage (MD) often occurs after unaccustomed exercises, especially those involving eccentric contractions. Some of the most

frequently assessed symptoms of MD are muscle swelling, soreness and compromised force production capacity. Recent studies have demonstrated that

MD symptoms are attenuated when maximal isometric contractions are performed a few days prior to damaging exercises. However, it is still not

established if the protective effect conferred by an isometric pre-conditioning protocol (IPP) is the same for different magnitudes of MD, induced by

different muscle efforts. Objective: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate if the same IPP attenuates the magnitude of MD induced by

different maximal eccentric contractions (MaxECC) protocols in the elbow flexors. Methods: Forty untrained men were assigned to one of two

experimental or two control groups (n = 10 each group). Subjects in the experimental groups performed 10 maximal isometric contractions of the elbow

flexors at a long muscle length (20° of elbow flexion), 2 days prior to either slow (60°.s-1 – ISO-S) or fast (180°.s-1 – ISO-F) maximal isokinetic eccentric

contractions of the elbow flexors. Subjects in the control groups performed either slow (CON-S) or fast (CON-F) eccentric contractions without IPP.

Maximal voluntary isokinetic concentric force (MVC) and muscle soreness (SOR) were assessed before, immediately after, and 1-4 days following the

MaxECC. Changes over time and between groups for these variables were tested by two-way ANOVAs with Bonferroni’s post-hoc tests. Results: MVC

was significantly compromised (pConclusion: The same isometric preconditioning protocol conferred a potent protective effect against muscle damage

regardless of its magnitude (i.e., induced by fast- or slow-velocity eccentric exercise). This implies that isometric pre-conditioning can be used as a

strategy to accelerate the recovery of different magnitudes of exercise-induced muscle damage.

Palavras-chaves: Muscle Damage, Isometric preconditioning, Muscle Force, Muscle soreness

03.009 Ventilatory response to muscle mechanoreceptor activation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Autores

Liliane Cunha Aranda 1, Indyanara Cristina Ribeiro 1, Luiza Helena Degani Costa 1, Flávio Ferlin

Arbex 1, Hermanus Schoorlemmer 1, Lauro Casqueiro Vianna 2, Luiz Eduardo Nery 1, Bruno Moreira

Silva 1

Instituição 1 Unifesp - Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2 UnB - Universidade de Brasília

Resumo

Introduction: In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), ventilation and dyspnea are reduced, and exercise tolerance is increased, by attenuation of afferent signaling from skeletal muscles. This suggests that muscle mechano and metabo-receptors contribute to the ventilatory response to exercise and exercise intolerance in COPD. However, the isolated effect of muscle mechanoreceptor activation on the ventilatory control of patients with COPD remains uninvestigated.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that the ventilatory response to muscle mechanoreceptor activation is exaggerated in patients with COPD.

Methods: So far 30 patients with COPD (moderate COPD, n = 13; severe to very severe COPD, n = 17) and 13 age- and sex-matched healthy controls have been included in the study. Muscle mechanoreceptors were activated by passive flexion and extension of the knee of the dominant leg. The passive movement was performed at 0.5 Hz for 30 s on an isokinetic dynamometer and repeated at least four times. Superficial electrical activity of the vastus lateralis muscle was monitored to confirm the absence of active contractions. Respiratory flow was continuously measured via a differential pressure pneumotachometer, and expired ventilation (VE), breathing frequency (BF) and tidal volume (VT) were calculated. Data were interpolated at 1-s intervals, repeated measures were time-aligned and 10-second averages were calculated. The ventilatory response to passive movement (Δ = passive movement minus baseline) was analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA, followed by Fisher’s post hoc test. Data are reported as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was assumed at P

Results: Passive movement increased VE in all groups, but especially in patients with moderate COPD (ΔVE during the final 10 s of passive movement in controls: 1.19 ± 0.25 L/min, in moderate COPD: 1.69 ± 0.25 L/min, in severe to very severe COPD: 0.84 ± 0.22 L/min; moderate COPD vs. control: p = 0.11, moderate COPD vs. severe to very severe COPD: p

Conclusions: These preliminary results suggest that muscle mechanoreceptor activation yields an exaggerated ventilatory response in patients with moderate COPD, but not in patients with severe to very severe COPD.

Palavras-chaves: Ventilation, COPD, mechanoreceptor

03.010 MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE MYOTENDINOUS JUNCTION SARCOMERES OF THE PLANTAR MUSCLE SUBMITTED TO VERTICAL CLIMBING EXERCISE

Autores Jurandyr Pimentel Neto 1, Carolina dos Santos Jacob 1, Jossei Soares de Sant'Ana 1, Lara Caetano de

Rocha 1, Ii-Sei Watanabe 2, Adriano Polican Ciena 1

Instituição 1 UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista , 2 USP - Universidade de São Paulo

Resumo

Indroduction: Skeletal striated muscle has adaptive tissue characteristics called plasticity as a consequence of pathological changes, lifestyle and physical activity. Its basic functional contractile unit

denominated a sarcomere, highly structured, ordered and characterized by its striated bundles that form the cross bridges, composed mainly by the actin and myosin proteins. Myotendinous junction (MTJ) consists of a specialized region where the connection between the sarcoplasmatic membranes derived from the skeletal striated muscle tissue and the collagen fibers of the extracellular matrix from the tendon tissue occurs this region represents the area of greatest force transfer of the skeletal striated muscle, in addition to being the most susceptible point to sports injuries and anchoring region of proteins that mainly constitute the basal lamina. Physical exercise is recommended for all muscle groups and should be performed from 2x to 3x times per week, results mainly in the increase of muscular strength associated with improvement in motor performance, besides the gain of physical resistance and metabolic adaptations that result in morphological adaptations still unknown in the muscle-tendon region. Objective: In the present study, we will describe the morphometric analysis of MTJ sarcomeres of the plantar muscle of adult Wistar rats submitted to vertical climbing exercise. Methodology: Thirty adult Wistar rats with 90 days, approved by the Animal Ethics Committee (n ° 0080 - CEUA), were divided into 3 groups: Sedentary (S): not submitted to protocol; Trained (T): submitted to the protocol without overload; Progressive Trained (PT): submitted to protocol with overload. For the training protocol a vertical ladder was used where the animals of T Group performed 9 climbs without addition of overload with 1 minute of rest between the series and the animals of the PT Group carried out from 4 to 9 climbs with addition of progressive overload referring to their weekly body mass (50%, 75%, 90%, 100%, + 30g, + 60g, + 90g, + 120g, + 150g) and had 2 minutes of rest between sets, both had 3 attempts per climb, in a total of 24 sessions performed 3x per week. For ultrastructural analysis the JEOL 1010 transmission microscope (Institute of Biomedical Sciences III - USP) was used. The images obtained were the measurements of the distal and proximal sarcomeres lengths of the MTJ (n = 100) through the software GraphPad Prism® 6.0 Bonferroni post-test. Results: Distal Sarcomere Length: 29.9% of T Group compared to S (p 0.05), decrease in 20.3% of the PT Group in relation to T (p <0.0001).Conclusion: The tissue length of the distal sarcomere is smaller than the proximal sarcomeres. The development of distal sarcomeres in relation to physical exercise was lower than that of the proximal sarcomeres and not less effective, especially in the exercise without overload, which demonstrates a specific characteristic of the analyzed region where the sarcomeres of the protein anchorage region, because they are intersected with extracellular matrix, are smaller, but do not lose their plasticity in the face of physical activity and develop even in a smaller portion than the proximal sarcomeres.

Palavras-chaves: myotendinous junction, sarcomeres, physical exercise, vertical ladder

03.011 STRENGHT TRAINING PROMOTES CHANGES IN MAXIMUM LOAD ON FRACTURE POINT IN FEMURS OF RATS INDUCED TO POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME

Autores Vilson Donizete Matias 1, Jorge Alberto Achcar 1, Victor Fabrício 2, Keico Okino Nonaka 2, Luís

Henrique Montrezor 1

Instituição 1 UNIARA - Universidade de Araraquara, 2 UFSCar - Universidade Federal de São Carlos

Resumo

Introduction: Unraveling the etiology and developing new biomarkers, comprehending the correlations between Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) and bone tissue as well as referring to treatments for the syndrome remains a difficult task due to its heterogeneity and the lack of understanding of its causes and pathogenic mechanisms. On account of the ethical and logistical limitations regarding studies in human

beings, the adequate animal models which mimic PCOS are crucial. Ever since the decade of 1960’s animal models including rodents, sheep, and primates have been used to study the pathophysiology of PCOS. In this context, regularly practiced strength training (ST) may be considered a first-class non-pharmacological treatment for women with PCOS, since mechanical forces generate differences in the bone electric capacity, cell-activity stimulator leading to mineral disposition on stress locals.

Objective: To analyze the changes in stiffness and maximum load at mechanical test of femurs of rats induced to PCOS and submitted to strength training.

Methodology: Sixty female Wistar adult rats weighting between 200g and 400g (on the days of their euthanasia) were used. The animals were kept under controlled temperature conditions (22 ± 2 ºC) and luminosity (12h x 12h cycles). Water and food were offered ad libitum. The induction to polycystic ovary was carried out with a single dose of estradiol valerate (EV), 2mg/0,2 mL/rat (i.m.). After induction, the rats were sorted into 4 groups: control, control/training, POCS, POCS/training. Each group was composed by 5 animals (n=5). The chosen training method was stairs climbing with weight attached to the rat tail, three times a week. Experimental periods were defined in 30, 45 and 60 days after induction. The aspects analyzed were body mass (g) through weekly weighting, gonadosomatic index (GSI in %) via relation between body mass and ovarian mass; ovary morphology through confection of histological slides, with histological 5-micron cuts, and stained with HE. The femurs were mechanically tested until thoroughly broken, undergoing a 3-point bending test for stiffness measurement (N/mm) and maximum load on fracture point (kN). The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tuckey’s test for multiple

comparisons. The results are reported as the means SD, with p-values

Results: bone stiffness: was higher for the 60-day control group (482. 54 77.11 N/mm) compared to

the 30-day control group (316.82 102.40 N/mm), and the 45-day PCOS group (470.96 52.31 N/mm),

and 60-day (472.26 59.03 N/mm) were higher than the PCOS 30-day group (315.92 111.65 N/mm).

Maximum load on fracture point: the 45-day control/training group (158.24 12.30 kN) was higher than

the 30-day control/ training group (113.52 30.32 kN), and the 60-day PCOS/ training (117.3 56.89

kN) was lower than the 45-day PCOS/ training group (162.14 32.86 kN).

Conclusion: The results suggest that the animal model used has morphofunctional characteristics related to PCOS and that bone stiffness was increased time-dependently in PCOS animals. Moreover, the stair-climbing physical activity method increased the maximum load on fracture point in control animals and decreased such maximum load in PCOS trained animals in a time-dependently manner.

Palavras-chaves: polycystic ovary syndrome, bone stiffness, strenght training

03.012 RENOVASCULAR HYPERTENSION ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY PRESENTED A DECREASE IN ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN THE MYOCARDUS AFTER HIGH INTENSITY PHYSICAL TRAINING

Autores Ana Paula Valverde 1

Instituição 1 FHO-Uniararas - Uniararas

Resumo

Introduction: The Systemic Arterial Hypertension Secondary can be caused by partial or complete obstructive injury in one or both renal arteries. The clamping of one of the kidneys in the experimental model promotes a progressive increase in blood pressure. Obese individuals present dyslipidemias, leading to narrowing of vessel lumen triggering hypertension and increased cardiac work. The caloric restriction of 40% as treatment reduces the incidence of these diseases and benefits the obese, such as reduction of glycemia, insulinemia and adipose tissue. The physical exercise reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases, reducing angiotensin II levels and greater antioxidant capacity. Objective: To analyze the presence of the redox state in the cardiac muscle through anti and pro oxidant markers associated with renovascular hypertension in animals with hyperlipidic diet undergoing caloric restriction and high intensity physical exercise. Methods: Wistar rats weigh 180 / 200g were divided into 7 groups. (Sham): submitted to laparotomy, without introduction of the clip (n = 4); (H): hypertensive (n = 6); (O): hyperlipidic diet (n = 6); (HO): hypertensive patients with high fat diet (n = 6); (HOR): hypertensive with hyperlipidic diet and caloric restriction (n = 6); (HOT): hypertensive with high fat diet and physical exercise (n = 6); (HORT): hypertensive with high fat diet, caloric restriction and physical exercise (n = 6). The induction of arterial hypertension was performed through the model two kidney-one clip (diameter of 0.2 mm). The high fat diet was started after confirmation of the hypertensive state, containing 45% of its composition in the form of lipids, for 8 weeks ad libitum. The other animals received control diet. The caloric restriction was administered during 4 weeks, in which 60% of the total ingested by the respective control animals were fed to each diet, therefore, adopting a restriction of 40%. After 14 weeks the trained groups were submitted to the swimming training for 4 weeks, supporting progressive overloads of lead attached to the thorax. The protocol execution time was inversely proportional to the load weight. At the end, the animals were euthanized, the heart was collected for biochemical analysis (Tbars and SH groups) and Western Blotting (SOD-1). The results were analyzed by the test of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post-test (p <0.05) expressed as mean ± standard error. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of UNIARARAS (042/2016). Results: Levels of Tbars in the heart (mmols Tbars / mg tissue): sham = 0.117 ± 0.025, O = 0.159 ± 0.018, H = 0.112 ± 0.024, HO = 0.128 ± 0.014a, HOR = 0.105 ± 0.011, HOT = 0.122 ± 0.022b, c, d, e, HORT = 0.116 ± 0.011a, f. Levels of SH groups in the heart: sham = 0.797 ± 0.050, O = 1.037 ± 0.126, H = 1.146 ± 0.105, HO = 1.346 ± 0.096, HOR = 1.123 ± 0.077, HOT = 0.545 ± 0.097, HORT = 1.226 ± 0.098. ap <0.05 vs sham; bp <0.05 vs H; cp <0.05 vs. O; dp <0.05 vs. HO; and p <0.05 vs HOR; fp <0.05 vs HOT. Conclusion: High intensity physical training consumed components containing the sulfhydryl group (-SH), an antioxidant component. The heart of hypertensive animals may have accumulation of collagen fibers and a decrease in the number of myocytes associated with physical training overload their activity. Possibly the caloric restriction decreases the deposition of collagen and consequently preserves the myocytes maintaining the antioxidant activity. Funding: FHO-Uniararas

Palavras-chaves: CALORIC RESTRICTION, HYPERTENSION, OBESITY, OXIDATIVE STRESS, PHYSICAL EXERCISE

03.013 LOW EXERCISE VOLUME ATTENUATES CARDIAC NOX4-NRF2 REDOX IMBALANCE IN OBESE RATS.

Autores

Larissa Lírio Velasco 1, Renata Alves 1, Beatriz Alexandre 1, Agatha Cristie Menezes dos Santos 1,

Vinícius Sepulveda Fragoso 2, D’Angelo Carlo Magliano 2, Marcus Vinícius Machado 1,3, Eduardo

Tibiriçá 3, Alessandra Choqueta de Toledo Arruda 1, Antonio Claudio Lucas da Nóbrega 1, Eliete

Dalla Corte Frantz 1

Instituição 1 UFF - Fluminense Federal University, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory of

Exercise Sciences, 2 UFF - Fluminense Federal University, Department of Morphology, Laboratory

of Morphological and Metabolic Analyses, 3 FIOCRUZ - Oswaldo Cruz Institute,Laboratory of

Cardiovascular Investigation,

Resumo

Introduction: NADPH oxidase (Nox)-derived oxidative stress during metabolic syndrome plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Conversely, the nuclear erythroid-2-p45-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of antioxidant genes.

Objective: Since training exercise has been indicated as cardioprotective, we aimed to compare the effects of low vs. high exercise volume on Nox4 and Nrf2/Keap1 pathway in heart from rats with high-fat diet-induced obesity.

Methodology: Male Wistar rats were fed a control standard chow (CON) diet or a high-fat (HF) diet for 32 wk. At the 20th week, animals receiving the HF diet were randomly (n=8) divided into: sedentary, low exercise volume (LEV, 150 min/wk) and high exercise volume (HEV, 300 min/wk). After 12 wk of aerobic treadmill training, the body mass, blood pressure, glucose and lipid metabolism, cardiac inflammatory profile and redox signaling were performed. The data are presented as mean ± SE. The differences among the groups were tested by analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA), followed by the Holm-Sidak post hoc test. The Ethics Committee on Animal Use of the Fluminense Federal University approved the protocol and procedures used in this study (protocol no.827).

Results: HF diet showed increased body mass gain, blood pressure, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia compared to CON group. Both trained groups reversed equally these parameters. Circulating and cardiac IL-6 levels were increased in HF group compared with the CON, and both trained groups reduced these increases. Circulating TNFα level was similar among the groups, but cardiac protein expression was increased in HF group and both training to be able reverse this increase. HF diet increased the cardiac protein expression of Nox4 (172.5%±12.8) compared with the CON (100.0%±11.0; P<0.01), and only LEV group reduced it (LEV:96.2%±14.4, P<0.01; HEV:133.9%±10.5). HF rats showed downregulation of cardiac Nrf2/Keap-1 protein level ratio (HF:0.36±0.08 vs. CON:1.00±0.07, P<0.01), and only LEV group reduced it (LEV:1.21±0.11, P<0.001, and HEV:0.71±0.21). Cardiac protein expression of NQO1 increased in LEV group (114.7%±9.82; P<0.05) compared to HF group (75.7%±7.76).

Conclusion: Two types of exercise training can protect the heart from HF diet deleterious effects. In addition, the LEV has better results than HEV in improving redox signaling in heart of obese rats. These findings suggest that LEV could be a potential nonpharmacological approach to protecting the heart against oxidative stress-induced cardiovascular complications in a diet-induced obesity rat model.

Funding: FAPERJ, CAPES and CNPq.

Palavras-chaves: Chronic aerobic exercise, Obesity, Nrf2, Oxidative stress

03.014 ASPECTS OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM RELATED TO ACUTE EFFECT OF STRETCHING ON MANUAL FUNCTION IN YOUNG UNTRAINED

Autores Júlia Araujo de Figueiredo 1, Lucas Monteiro de Carvalho 1, César Rafael Marins Costa 1, Anderson

Luiz Bezerra da Silveira 1

Instituição 1 UFRRJ - Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro

Resumo

Title: ASPECTS OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM RELATED TO ACUTE EFFECT OF STRETCHING ON MANUAL FUNCTION IN YOUNG UNTRAINED. 1Figueiredo, J.A., 2Costa, C.R.M, ¹Carvalho, L.M.,1Silveira, A.L.B.1Department of Physical Education and Sports, Institute of Education, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica-RJ, Brazil and 2Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica-RJ, Brazil.

Introduction: Previous studies have shown that women naturally have a better manual dexterity performance than men. However, influence of sexual dimorphism related to muscle stretching on manual function components (e.g. manual dexterity and reaction time) is still obscure.

Objective: The aim of this study was to observe the effects of sexual dimorphism and 30 seconds of passive static stretching on manual function, through manual dexterity and reaction time tests in untrained young adults.

Methodology: The Ethics Committee of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro approved this study for research (Protocol number 490/2014). The instrument used to evaluate manual dexterity was the Minnesota manual dexterity test (subtests placing and turning) and the Nelson hand reaction test to measure manual reaction time. The sample was composed of 60 untrained adults (30 women and 30 men), which were separated in 2 groups (CTRL=15; STCH=15). However, to compare the number of errors on Minnesota manual dexterity subtests, each group was composed of 12 subjects for both sex (CTRL=12; STCH=12). Comparisons within and between groups were made using two-way ANOVA with turkey post hoc test.

Results: The manual dexterity evaluation showed that, through subtest placing, women have a higher rate of manual control than men at basal condition (CTRLwomen: 53.55±4.32 vs. CTRLmen: 58.82±4.84; p= 0.043). However, after stretching women presented the opposite results compared to own control (CTRLwomen:

53.55±4.32 vs. STCHwomen: 59.61±6.35; p=0.013) or men (STCHwomen: 59.61±6.35 vs. STCHmen: 56.05±4.97; p=0.389). There is no difference for execution errors during that test at basal condition (CTRLwomen: 14.28±2.19 vs. CTRLmen: 14.42±2.19; p≥0.05), however, after muscle stretching women were worse compared to men (STCHwomen: 21.31±9.02 vs. STCHmen: 15.36±3.75; P=0.041) or basal condition (CTRLwomen: 14.28±2.19 vs. STCHwomen: 21.31±9.02; p=0.009). For turning subtest time, there was a significant increase after stretching compared to basal condition, only for women (CTRLwomen: 52.91±4.78 vs STCHwomen: 60.41±8.21; p=0.013), but a significant dimorphic response at the same condition (STCHwomen: 60.41±8.21 vs. STCHmen: 53.31±5.97; P=0.021). Similar responses occurred in the number of errors within women groups (CTRLwomen: 14.00±2.62 vs. STCHwomen: 25.56±12.36; p=0.0006), as well as dimorphic response at the same condition (STCHwomen: 25.56±12.36 vs STCHmen: 13.81±3.39; p=0.0005). When assessing the reaction time, men were significantly faster after stretching than the women (STCHwomen: 203.89±20.07 vs. STCHmen: 183.40±9.02; p=0.011), with no difference during basal condition (CTRLwomen: 183.53±23.8 vs. CTRLmen: 181.80±10.2; p>0.05).

Conclusion: Collectively, the results indicate that only 30 seconds of passive static stretching on forearm muscle groups exert acute dimorphic responses, where women presented greater losses in the main components of the manual function.

Funding: CNPq.

Palavras-chaves: Electromechanical delay, Dimorphic responses, Manual dexterity, Motor skills, Static stretching exercise

03.015 Subcellular fractionation of frozen skeletal muscle samples

Autores Pedro Rafael Firmino Dias 1, Paulo Guimarães Gandra 1, Rene Brenzikofer 1, Denise Vaz de Macedo 1

Instituição 1 IB-UNICAMP - Instituto de Biologia - Universidade de Campinas

Resumo

Introduction: Analysis of protein traffic between different organelles can be an important tool to study different molecular mechanisms affecting skeletal muscle function. One way to do this is to analyze changes in protein abundance in different subcellular fractions, which usually requires working with fresh samples. Freezing can result in membranes disruption and the loss of soluble proteins from different cellular compartments. Mitochondria are very sensitive to freezing and mechanical homogenization. One of the main concerns when working with subcellular fractions is the leakage of mitochondrial matrix proteins, especially when samples are frozen. Objective: Our aim was to develop a protocol for subcellular fractionation from frozen skeletal muscle samples that minimizes the leakage of mitochondrial matrix proteins. Methodology: Briefly, 50 mg of the red gastrocnemius muscle was dissected from Wistar rats (n=5) and immediately processed for subcellular fractionation or frozen in liquid nitrogen and kept at -80°C for latter processing. Frozen samples were thawed in TIn buffer at room temperature. Fresh and frozen samples were minced and gently hand homogenized using a loose glass-glass pestle. Differently from previously reported methods, we used a hypertonic isolating buffer with 880 mM sucrose and detergent to homogenize and wash the nuclear fraction. We compared our adapted protocol to a conventional fractionation procedure using fresh muscle samples (control). The purity of the fractions was analyzed by western blot of protein markers for each fraction (alpha-tubulin, VDAC1 and histone H3 for the cytosolic, mitochondrial and nuclear fractions, respectively). To test the retention of matrix soluble proteins in the mitochondrial fraction we determined the citrate synthase activity in all subcellular fractions. Data are presented as mean ± SD and analyzed by ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test after Jarque-Bera test. All the procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use of the Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (n°23593/15). Results: Western blot analysis indicated all three methods produced subcellular fractions with minimal contamination. The adapted protocol improved the retention of matrix proteins in the mitochondrial fraction, as indicated by higher citrate synthase activity in the fresh (431.47 ± 72.47 nmol.min-1.ug protein-1) and frozen (295.86 ± 99.40 nmol.min-1.ug protein-1) samples compared to the conventional method (112.04±39,87 nmol.min-1.ug protein-1).

Conclusions: This protocol allows subcellular fractionation from a small amount of fresh or frozen skeletal muscle samples. Our method increased retention of matrix soluble proteins in the mitochondrial fraction. This improvement was observed even when working with frozen muscle samples.

Key-words: mitochondria, citrate synthase, frozen sample, nuclear fraction.

Supported by CAPES and Funcamp-Conv 927.7/0100.

Palavras-chaves: mitochondria, citrate synthase, frozen sample, nuclear fraction

03.016 SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE VENTILATORY RESPONSE ARISING FROM THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE CAROTID CHEMOREFLEX AND THE MUSCLE MECHANOREFLEX IN HEALTHY HUMANS

Autores Diogo Oliveira 1, Ana Sayegh 1, Tamires Cesar 1, Talita Silva 1, Liliane Aranda 1, Wladimir Medeiros 1, Lauro Vianna 2, Luiz Nery 1, Bruno Silva 1

Instituição 1 UNIFESP - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2 UnB - Universidade de Brasilia

Resumo

Introduction: Recently our group demonstrated a hyperadditive ventilatory response in face of concomitant activation of the carotid chemoreflex and the muscle mechanoreflex in humans (i.e., the response to combined stimuli was greater than the sum of the responses yielded by each stimulus in isolation). However, we did not analyze sex differences, and it is possible that men present augmented ventilatory response to combined activation of both reflexes, but not women, because the ventilatory response to inhalation of hypoxic air during active mild-intensity exercise is greater in men than women.

Objective: To test whether ventilatory response arising from combined carotid chemoreflex and muscle mechanoreflex activation is hyperadditive in men and additive in women.

Methods: Fourteen young healthy subjects participated in the study (8 men). The carotid chemoreflex was activated by hypoxia and the muscle mechanoreflex was activated by passive movement. Subjects inhaled, randomly, in separate visits, either 1) 12% of O2 to stimulate the carotid chemoreflex (i.e., hypoxia), 2) 21% of O2 as control (i.e., normoxia). Isocapnia was obtained via a rebreathing circuit. Administration of gases lasted ~2 min. Within this period, subjects either remained at rest (i.e., normoxic rest or hypoxic rest) or the mechanoreflex was activated (i.e. normoxic movement or hypoxic movement), in random order. The passive movement consisted of passive knee flexion and extension of the nondominant limb, at 0.5 Hz, for 30 s, using an isokinetic dynamometer. Muscle electrical activity was measured to confirm the absence of active contractions. Each procedure was repeated at least four times. Data were interpolated and time-aligned, and then, analyzed as 10s averages. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. The last 10 s of each experiment were used in t-tests or repeated measures ANOVA. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Sao Paulo (process number: 74619517.5.0000.5505).

Results: The ventilatory response to hypoxic rest was similar between men and women (men: 0.8 ± 0.9 vs women: 1.9 ± 1.1 L/min, P = 0.40). The ventilatory response to normoxic movement was also similar between men and women (men: 1.0 ± 0.7 vs women: 0.4 ± 0.4 L/min, P = 0.75). The ventilatory response to hypoxic movement was higher than the sum of hypoxic rest and normoxic movement ventilatory responses in men (hypoxic movement: 4.2 ± 1.3 vs. sum of hypoxic rest and normoxic movement: 1.8 ± 1.2 L/min, P

Conclusion: The interaction between the carotid chemoreflex and the muscle mechanoreflex yielded a hyperadditive ventilatory response in men, but an additive ventilatory response in women.

References:

1 - Silva TM, Aranda LC, Paula-Ribeiro M, Oliveira DM, Medeiros WM, Vianna LC, et al. Hyperadditive ventilatory response arising from interaction between the carotid chemoreflex and the muscle mechanoreflex in healthy humans. Journal of Applied Physiology. (Bethesda, Md : 1985). 2018.

2 - Regensteiner JG, Pickett CK, McCullough RE, Weil JV, Moore LG. Possible gender differences in the effect of exercise on hypoxic ventilatory response. Respiration; International Review of Thoracic Diseases. 1988;53(3):158-65.

Palavras-chaves: hypoxia, passive movement, sex differences, synergism, ventilation

03.017 PH, URINE DENSITY AND NITRITE OF SEDENTARY WISTAR RATS SUBMITTED TO THE SUPPLEMENTATION OF WHEY PROTEINS FOR TWELVE WEEKS

Autores Elaine Paiva Vieira 1,2, Alanna Joselle Santiago Silva 2,3, Marcos Roberto Campos de Macedo 2,3,

Raphael Furtado Marques 2,4, Antônio Coppi Navarro 2,4,5, Francisco Navarro 2,3,4,5

Instituição 1 UFMA - Graduação em Educação Física, São Luís-MA, Brasil. , 2 LAFIPEMA/UFMA -

Laboratório de Fisiologia e Prescrição do Exercício do Maranhão, São Luís-MA, Brasil., 3

PPGSAD/UFMA - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde do Adulto, São Luís-MA, Brasil., 4

PPGEF/UFMA - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, São Luís-MA, Brasil., 5

DEF/UFMA - Departamento de Educação Física, São Luís-MA, Brasil.

Resumo

Introduction: Kidneys has many functions in maintaining homeostasis, among them it was highlighted the pH regulation and removal of metabolic waste that is excreted in urine. Hyperproteic diets increase the concentrations of urea and acids derived from metabolism of proteins. Therefore, the use of high doses of whey proteins must be verified face its effects on renal functions. Aim: To analyze the changes of pH, urine density and nitrite of sedentary wistar rats supplemented with 2g/kg/day of whey proteins for twelve weeks. Methodology: The sample consisted of 15 males wistar rats with an initial age of 60 days with a total body mass of 200g to 250g. The temperature control was between 24°C and 28°C under light/dark cycle of 12 hours. The research was approved by the Ethic Commission on Animal Use of the Federal University of Maranhão under registration number: 23115.01804/2017-91. The rats were allocated into two groups, being: Control Not-supplemented (C) (n=7) and Supplemented with 2g/kg/day (W2) (n=8). The whey proteins supplementation was administrated via gavage into three daily sessions with a common protein concentration of 0.284g/mL at 60-minute intervals, with weekly readjustment according to body mass. A specified ball point needle (Bonther®) was used as gavage material. At the end of 12 weeks, 48 hours after the last intervention, the urine of 24h was collected in metabolic cage. A urinalysis consisted of semiquantitative analysis (reagent strip Sensitive® Sensi 10) of pH, density and nitrite parameters. The results were presented in a descriptive way in percentage. Results: All rats had the urine pH between 8 and 9 also it was noticed that the values were higher in the group W2 where 37.5% of the rats had a pH 8 (n=3) and 62.5% had a pH 9 (n=5) when compared to the group C where 85.7% had a pH 8 (n=6) and 14.3% had a pH 9 (n=1). The urine density ranged from 1,000 to 1,010 in the groups W2 where 50.0% of the rats had a density 1,000 (n=4), 37.5% 1,005 (n=3) and 12.5% 1,010 (n=1) while group C got 42.9% 1,000 (n=3), 28.6% 1,005 (n=2) and 28.6% 1,010 (n=2). In relation to urinary nitrite, it was observed that in group W2 100% (n = 8) of the rats had positive nitrite, similarly in group C, nitrite was positive in 85.7% (n = 6) and negative in 14, 3% (n = 1). Conclusion: From the data obtained it is possible to realize that the rats presented alkaline pH (above 7) and the density values indicate diluted urine, considering that these two parameters can be used to evaluate the nefrons tubular function. It was still possible to verify that the rats demonstrated positive nitrite indicating possible urinary tract infection. In normal patterns, urine should be more acidic than alkaline. In the present study, we emphasized that doses of 2g/kg/day of whey proteins had an effect on renal tubular function in sedentary rats, indicating a possible urinary infection and impairment of pH regulation.

Palavras-chaves: Whey Proteins, Urine pH, Urine Density, Nitrite

03.018 ROWING ERGOMETER TRAINING IMPROVES PHYSICAL CAPACITY, HEMODYNAMIC AND POSTURAL REPONSES DURING ORTHOSTATIC STRESS IN OLDER WOMEN

Autores Luana Farinazzo Ferreira 1, Gabriel Dias Rodrigues 1, Renata Cardoso 1, Pedro Paulo Silva Soares 1

Instituição 1 UFF - Universidade Federal Fluminense

Resumo

Introduction: Postural instability during the orthostatic (ORT) stress onset in older women seems to be related to the impairment of hemodynamic responses to ORT (Geriatr Gerontol Int. 5:692-697, 2018). ORT tolerance has been associated to better cardiovascular fitness (Aging Clin Exp Res.4:499-505, 2015) but the improvement of postural stability and hemodynamic responses during orthostatic stress in older women after a physical training with an exercise mode that does not challenge the body balance, such as rowing, remains unclear.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of rowing exercise training on physical capacity, hemodynamic and postural balance in elderly female individuals.

Methodology: Nine women (65±3 yrs) (CEP-851.371/14) performed a maximal exercise test on cycle ergometer (ET) and ORT test before and after rowing training. Stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO2) were recorded during ET and ORT maneuver/challange. The center of pressure (COP) oscillations, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), VS and CO were continuously measured. The training protocol consisted in 3 weekly sessions of 30 minutes at 60-80% of maximal HR for 10 weeks. The paired Student-t test was used for all variables, presented as mean±SD (α≤0.05).

Results: Hemodynamic parameters of COmax (14.4±2.9 vs. 18.1±5 L/min p=0.02), SVmax (91.4±14.5 vs. 109.4±25.3 mL p=0.02) and physical capacity measured by VO2max (18.5±2.2 vs. 24.9±5.5 mL.kg-1.min-1 p=0,001) during ET were increased after the rowing training. COP distance (1222±104.2 vs. 1090±148.4 mm p=0.02) and velocity (40.7±3.4 vs. 36.3±4.9 mm.s-1 p=0.03) during 30s of ORT, decreased after training. In the initial 30s of ORT, the CO (3.78±2.02 vs. 5.09±1.80 L/min p=0.02) and SV (43.91±19.31 vs. 66,27±22,09 mL p=0.01) increased but SAP (152.4±33.95 vs 128.4±22.79 mmHg p=0.04) and DAP (63.69±19.71 vs 49.78±10.57 mmHg p=0.02) decreased after training. Moreover, rowing training reduced SAP (130.20±20.73 vs. 119.70±16.12mmHg p=0.03) and DAP (59.12±90.20 vs. 52.67±7.66mmHg p=0.04) while increased SV (59.47±16.15 vs. 73.37±26.32mmHg p=0.01) and CO (4.24±0.84 vs. 5.14± 1.84mmHg p=0.03) at rest.

Conclusion: Aerobic power, postural control and hemodynamic responses during orthostatic stress were improved by rowing training an exercise mode that does not exposed to body balance challenges during its execution.

Funding: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – FAPERJ (E-6/110.079/2013).

Palavras-chaves: exerecise training, cardiovascular sistem, postural responses, old people

03.019 HIGH INTENSITY PHYSICAL TRAINING X CALORIE RESTRICTION: CHANGES IN THE REDOX STATE OF MUSCLE FIBER IN 2K1C RATS SUBMITTED TO HIGH FAT DIET

Autores Luiz Gustavo Terciotti Luiz Gustavo Terciotti 1,1,1,1

Instituição 1 Uniararas - Fundação Hermínio Ometto - Uniararas

Resumo

Introduction: Hypertension is related to cardiovascular diseases caused by endothelial dysfunction and the presence of reactive oxygen species. Obesity contributes to an increase in the flow of lipids in the blood, forming atheromas, which can cause hypertension, high lipid levels favor greater lipid peroxidation. Studies observe the behavior of physical exercise and calorie restriction, increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes and may be related to the redox state of these pathophysiologies. Objective: To

analyze the effect of high intensity physical training associated with calorie restriction in the redox state of skeletal striated muscle in hypertensive rats treated with high fat diet. Methods: Wistar rats, (180/200g), divided into 7 groups. (Sham): submitted to laparotomy, without introduction of the clip (n = 4); (H): hypertensive (n = 6); (O): high fat diet (n = 6); (HO): hypertensive patients with high fat diet (n = 6); (HOR): hypertensive patients with high fat diet and calorie restriction (n = 6); (HOT): hypertensive patients with high fat diet and physical training (n = 6); (HORT): hypertensive patients with high fat diet, calorie restriction and physical training (n = 6). The induction of arterial hypertension was performed by placing a 0.2 mm silver clip over the left renal artery. The high fat diet was started after confirmation of the hypertensive state, containing 45% of its composition in the form of lipids, for 8 weeks ad libitum. The other animals received control diet. After 10 weeks of protocol, caloric restricition and physical training were started, lasting 4 weeks. Restricted groups received 60% of the total ingested by the respetive control animals in each diet, with a 40% restriction; the trained groups were submitted to the swmming exercise with progessive loads of lead tied to the thorax. The protocol execution time was inversely proportional to the load weight. At the end, the animals were euthanized, the muscular tissues: gastrocnemius white, red and soleus, were collected for biochemical analysis (Tbars and SH groups). The results were analyzed by the variance test (ANOVA) and Tukey post-test (p <0.05) expressed as mean ± standard error. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of UNIARARAS (042/2016). Results: Levels of Tbars (mmol Tbars/mg tissue) in the red gastrocnemius: Sham=26957±1588, H=28515±416, O=26127±2122, HO=19317±155, HOR=27581±1037, HOT=38044±6793d; HORT= 39766±4437d; white gastrocnemius: Sham=15604±2010, H=15890±819, O=18284±1507; HO=14260±1067, HOR=14579±1111, HOT=9462±734c; HORT=14536±2138; soleus: Sham=18236±2492, H=18943±1346, O=9841±1128, HO=8272±2672; HOR=24969±2440c,d; HOT= 11462±2537e, HORT=18213±3455. Levels of SH groups in muscle fibers did not present statistical differences. Conclusion: We observed higher effectiveness of high intensity training in mixed fibers in the increase of lipid peroxidation, possibly due to the increase in mitochondrial activity. In muscles with oxidative predominance, the calorie restriction caused increase in peroxidation, probably due to a decrease in the energy substrates supply, which decreased mitochondrial activity. On the other hand, physical exercise decreased the ATP/ADP ratio, allowing better mitochondrial coupling and consequently decreased peroxidation.

Funding: FHO-UNIARARAS.

Palavras-chaves: High intensity physical trainning, calorie restriction, 2k1c/obesity rats, redox state, muscle fiber

03.020 Water Based Exercise Has Better 24 Hours Blood Pressure Profile on Elderly Hypertensive

Autores Fabio Junio Miranda Silva 1, Francisco de Assis Dias Martins Junior 1, Fernando Ferreira Silva 1,

Lenice Kappes Becker Oliveira 1

Instituição 1 UFOP - Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto

Resumo

Water based exercise has better 24 hours blood pressure profile on elderly hypertensive

FABIO JM SILVA, Francisco de Assis Dias Martins Júnior,

Fernando Silva, Lenice Kappes Becker

Centro Desportivo da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto MG.

Introduction: The arterial Hypertension (AH) is public health problem. The AH affect 33% of the Brazilian population being that 50% of this population is over 60 years old. The treatment consist in drug and the non-medicated interventions, the non-drug consists of changes in habits to decrease the blood pressure (BP) values at rest, these habits are: reduction of sodium and alcohol consumption, combating smoking and sedentary lifestyle. The exercise intervention can be performed in either water based exercise (WE) or land exercise (LE). The WE due to hydrostatic pressure induces the physiological alterations distinct from those observed in the LE; in addition, it is considered a safe means of training for the elderly. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the 24 hours of systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) of hypertensive elderly trained either in WE or LE.

Methodology: Twenty hypertensive elderly subjects trained in WE (n = 10) 654 years and LE (n = 10)

693 years for a minimum of 6 months were submitted to a physical evaluation after a minimum rest period of the 48 hours. Results: The oxygen consumption was same between groups WE

(221.05mlKg/min) and LE (221.5mlKg/min). The BP and heart rate response to the cardiopulmonary

test show lower response to WE group (HR 1344 bpm, PAD 814mmHg) in comparison with LE group

(HR 1475 mmHg PAD 871 mmHg). The BP measurement was performed for 24-hour by blood pressure ambulatory monitoring. Our results show that the mean 24-hour values during the daytime for SBP (120.3 ± 2.3 mmHg) and DBP (70.5 ± 1.8 mmHg) were lower for the WE compared to the LE (141.0 ± 1.4 mmHg) and DBP (76.6 ± 1.5 mmHg), there was no difference in mean values of 24 hours for both SBP and DBP between groups in the nighttime period. Conclusion: The results suggest that WE contributes with lower values of SBP and DBP in comparison with LE of hypertensive elderly during the daytime period, in addition the HR and BP response to cardiopulmonary test is lower for WE.

Palavras-chaves: Elderly hypertensive, Hypertense and exercise, Elderly and hypertense, Elderly and excercise, Water based exercise

03.021 EFFECTS OF MODERATE PHYSICAL TRAINING ON THE MITOCHONDRIAL BIOENERGETICS AND HEPATIC ANTIOXIDANT METABOLISM OF MALNOURISHED JUVENILE RATS

Autores

TALITTA RICARLLY LOPES DE ARRUDA LIMA 1,2, CRISTIANE DE MOURA FREITAS 1,3,

REGINALDO CORREIA DA SILVA-FILHO 1,2, GLAUBER RUDA FEITOZA BRAZ 1,3,

CLAUDIA JACQUES LAGRANHA 1,3, MARIANA PINHEIRO FERNANDES 1,2

Instituição 1 UFPE - CAV - Federal University of Pernambuco, 2 UFPE - CAV - Federal University of

Pernambuco, 3 UFPE - Federal University of Pernambuco

Resumo

Introduction: Insults during critical periods of development may be associated with serious consequences on the functionality of different organs and systems. Objective: Evaluate the effects of the moderate physical training on the mitochondrial bioenergetics and hepatic oxidative status of young rats submitted to protein restriction during critical periods

of development. Methodology: Wistar rats received diet: Normalprotein (protein17%) and Low-protein (protein8%) throughout gestation and lactation. After lactation (21 days), pups received Labina®. The offspring was submitted to the incremental aerobic run test from the 26th, 27th and 28th days and subdivided into four groups according to the practice or not the physical training (Normalprotein Sedentary-NS); Normalprotein Trained-NT; Low-protein Sedentary-LS; Low-protein Trained-LT). The animals of NT and LT groups underwent a physical training program (60min day/5days and 4 weeks). At 60 days, the male were euthanized and the liver removed to analyzes of mitochondrial bioenergetics and hepatic oxidative status. Experimentation and approval by UFPE Animal Care Committee (Process number: 23076.017809/2014-04. The results were analyzed by Two-way ANOVA, followed by the TUKEY multiple-comparison post-test and expressed as mean±SEM, considering significant p<0.05 for all analyzes. Results: Our results showed a decrease in mitochondrial oxygen consumption after ADP addition (State 3, NS=26.05±6.32, n=5 vs LS=11.98±4.06 nmol O2/min/mg prot., n=6, p=0.003) and respiratory control ratio (RCR, NS=7.50±1.37, n=5 vs LS=3.61±1.16, n=6, p<0.0001), increase in mitochondrial swelling (NS=2.03±0.80, n=6 vs LS=1.29±0.44, n=6, p=0.0001) and ROS production (NS=13.35±3.14 F.U., n=6 vs LS=18.26±2.08 F.U., n=6, p=0.007) in the LS group when compared to the NS group. There was an increase in lipid peroxidation (MDA-levels, NS=9.84±1.53 n=10 vs LS=14.05±1.59 nmol/mg prot., n=6, p<0.0001), protein oxidation (NS=9.12±0.77 n=10 vs LS=16.51±1.49 nmol/mg prot., n=6, p<0.0001) and a decrease in SH-content (NS=83.551±16.825 n=9 vs LS=57.066±9.893 nmol/mg prot., n=6, p=0.0053) in the LS group when compared to the NS group. The antioxidant enzymes activities SOD (NS=2.54±0.27 n=12 vs LS=1.68±0.30 U/mg prot., n=6, p<0.0001), CAT (NS=17.98±1.95 n=12 vs LS=9.34±2.67 U/mg prot., n=6, p<0.0001), GPx (NS=23.07±1.82 n=6 vs LS=11.55±4.93 U/mg prot., n=6, p=0.0009) and GST (NS=5.76±1.66 n=12 vs LS=2.06±0.52 U/mg prot., n=6, p=0.006) were decreased in the LS group without altering the GSH levels. After moderate physical training, a significant improvement or reversal of the deleterious effects of perinatal protein restriction on hepatic metabolism was observed in the LT group. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the physical exercise acted as a non-pharmacological therapeutic agent capable of minimizing the effects of a protein restriction in the early life of these animals.

Keywords: exercise, low-protein diet; mitochondrial bioenergetics; oxidative status; wistar rats

Funding: FACEPE AND CAPES

Palavras-chaves: exrcise, low protein diet, mitochondrial bioenergetics, oxidative status, wistar rats

03.022 PROTEINURIA OF WISTAR RATS SUBMITTED TO WHEY PROTEINS SUPPLEMENTATION AND RESISTANCE TRAINING FOR TWELVE WEEKS

Autores Alanna Joselle Santiago Silva 1,5, Raphael Furtado Marques 2,5, Marcos Roberto Campos de Macedo 1,5, Elaine Paiva Vieira 3,5, Antônio Coppi Navarro 2,4,5, Francisco Navarro 1,2,4,5

Instituição 1 PPGSAD/UFMA - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde do Adulto, São Luís-MA, Brasil., 2

PPGEF/UFMA - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, São Luís-MA, Brasil., 3 UFMA -

Graduação em Educação Física, São Luís-MA, Brasil., 4 DEF/UFMA - Departamento de Educação

Física, São Luís-MA, Brasil., 5 LAFIPEMA/UFMA - Laboratório de Fisiologia e Prescrição do

Exercício do Maranhão, São Luís-MA, Brasil.

Resumo

Introduction: Kidneys has many functions in maintaining homeostasis, among them it was highlighted the removal of metabolic waste excreted in urine. High-protein diets can increase the concentrations of urea and acids derived from metabolism of proteins. The use of high doses of whey proteins need to be verified face its effects on renal function. Aim: To check the presence of protein in the urine of wistar rats submitted to resistance training and supplemented with 2g/kg/day of whey proteins during 12 weeks. Methodology: The sample of this study consisted of 19 males wistar rats with an initial age of 60 days and a total body mass of 200 to 250g. This study had the approval of the Ethic Commission on

Animal Use of the Federal University of Maranhão under registration number: 23115.01804/2017-91. During the 12 weeks of experiment there was a temperature control between 24 ºC to 28 °C under light/dark cycle of 12 hours. The rats were allocated into two groups: Trained Control Not-supplemented (TC) (n=10) and Trained-supplemented with 2g/kg/day (TW2) (n=9). The supplementation was administrated via gavage into three daily sessions of a whey protein solution with a common protein concentration of 0,284g/ml, at 60-minutes intervals, with weekly readjustment according to body mass. A specified ball point needle (Bonther®) was used as gavage material. The training was a vertical climb into three weekly session. Each session consisted of four climbs with intensities of 50%, 75%, 90% and 100% of the Maximum Weight it was updated every two weeks. At the end of 12 weeks, 48 hours after the last intervention, the urine of 24 hours was collected in metabolic cage. The urinalysis of protein was semiquantitative with reagent strip (Sensitive ® Sensi 10), with sensibility to concentration ranges of +30 (30mg/dl) to ++++1000 (<500 mg/dL). In the group TW2 the percentage values per concentration ranges of the strips was: 50,0% (n=5) to ++100 (40 to 100 mg/dL) and of 50,0% (n=5) to +++300 (150 to 350 mg/dL) and of 22,2% (n=2) to ++++1000 (<500 mg/dL). Conclusion: It is possible to suggest that although the groups TC and TW2 was submitted to high intensity resistance training, the group that received supplementation (TW2) presented higher ranges of protein concentration in urine (proteinuria). It may indicate that although the resistance training stimulates the gain of skeletal muscle mass, it was not possible to verify a renal protective effect, being indicated by protein excretion in the urine.

Palavras-chaves: Whey Proteins, Proteinuria, Resistance Training

03.023 INFLUENCE OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM ON HAND REACTION TIME CHANGE RELATED TO RESISTANCE TRAINING

Autores Lucas Monteiro de Carvalho 1, Caio do Nascimento Lima 1, Júlia Araujo Figueiredo 1, César Rafael

Marins Costa 1, Anderson Luiz Bezerra da Silveira 1

Instituição 1 UFRRJ - Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro

Resumo

Title: INFLUENCE OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM ON HAND REACTION TIME CHANGE RELATED TO RESISTANCE TRAINING ¹Carvalho, L.M., ¹Lima, C.N., ¹Figueiredo, J.A., 2Costa, C.R.M.,¹Silveira, A.L.B. 1Department of Physical Education and Sports, Institute of Education, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica-RJ, Brazil; 2Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica-RJ, Brazil.

Introduction: Previous studies have demonstrated a relationship between improvement on reaction time and resistance training. However, there is a still lack of knowledge about the influence of sexual dimorphism on reaction time related to resistance training.

Objective this study aims to investigate possible interferences of sexual dimorphism on hand reaction time after 4 weeks of resistance training.

Methodology: The Ethics Committee of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro approved this study for research (Protocol: 421/2014). The sample consisted of 32 untrained young adults (23±2.8 years), without any declared ostheomyoarticular injury. The methodological procedure adopted was crossover design with randomized entry for control (CTRL; Nmen=16, Nwomen=16) and experimental (EXP; Nmen=16, Nwomen=16) procedures. The reaction time (RT) was evaluated by an automatic time recorder apparatus, which was triggered by the subject after the luminous signal emitted by it. Individuals were sited in a chair in front of the equipment for RT registering. All subjects performed 10 consecutive RT trials and the mean of those values was computed as RT. EXP group performed resistance training 3 times a week during 4 weeks, in order to reproduce a conventional resistance training program. Resistance training protocol has consisted of multi-articular exercises for both upper (3 sets x 8-12 RM) and lower (3 sets x 15-18 RM) limbs. However, subjects in the CTRL group continued with their daily activity routines, but did not perform any type of physical activity during the same period of EXP. Comparisons within and between groups were made using two-way ANOVA with turkey post hoc test, and the level of significance adopted for all analyses was p<0.05.

Results: It was observed that 4 weeks of resistance training was able to reduce significantly the reaction time within experimental group for both men (EXPPre: 510.4 ± 48.1 vs. EXPPost: 300.8 ± 14.3 ms, p<0.0001) and women (EXPPre: 511.5 ± 35.4 vs. EXPPost: 287.4 ± 18.4 ms, p<0.0001). Additionally, comparisons between CTRL and EXP after training showed similar results as well for both men (CTRLPost: 468.1 ± 20.7 vs. EXPPost: 300.8 ± 14.3 ms, p<0.0001) and women (CTRLPost: 498.6±40.0 vs. EXPPost: 287.4±18.4 ms, p<0.0001). However, there was no difference between sex before (EXPMen: 510.4 ± 48.1 vs. EXPWomen: 511.5 ± 35.4, p<0.05) or after (EXPMen: 300.8 ± 14.3 vs. EXPWomen: 287.4 ± 18.4 ms, p<0.05) resistance training.

Conclusion: When we take these results together, it is possible to conclude that 4 weeks resistance training involving the upper/lower limbs improved the reaction time independently of any interference from sexual dimorphism, before or after training.

Funding: CNPq

Palavras-chaves: Exercise, Neural adaptation, Time Response, Electromechanical delay, Sexual Dimorphism

03.024 MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF WISTAR RATS SARCOMERES SUBMITTED TO JOINT IMMOBILIZATION AND FREE REMOBILIZATION

Autores Lara Caetano Rocha 1, Jurandyr Pimentel Neto 1, Juliana Cristina Barbosa 1, Carolina dos Santos

Jacob , Adriano Polican Ciena 1

Instituição 1 UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"

Resumo

Introduction: Muscular atrophy by disuse is characterized by reduction and loss of skeletal muscle tissue common in joint immobilization and in the treatment of injuries even promoting residual effects on locomotor apparatus such as sarcomeres in series, which compose the striated skeletal muscle. The myotendinous junction (MTJ) is a main anatomical area of muscle-tendon force transmission formed by sarcoplasmatic evaginations and invaginations structured by sarcolemma folds formed also by muscular tissue. The study of joint immobilization and free remobilization in sarcomeres is important for understanding of all morphological aspects in the sarcomeres plasticity.

Objective: Analyze the morphometric alterations of sarcomeres in series of belly muscle and MTJ of Wistar rats gastrocnemius muscle submitted to joint immobilization and free remobilization.

Methodology: Were used 9 animals with 90 days divided into 3 groups (n=3): Sedentary (S), Immobilized (I) and Free Remobilized (FR). Groups I and FR were submitted to tibial-tarsal joint immobilization at maximal plantar flexion in the right lower limb during 10 days. The FR group was submitted to free remobilization in the cage during 30 days. Through demonstration of the musculoskeletal ultrastructural characteristics performed using the Transmission Electron Microscopy technique the morphometric analysis of sarcomeres length in muscular belly and MTJ (distal and proximal sarcomeres) (n=60) was performed by ImageJ® software. The data obtained were statistically treated and analyzed using two-way ANOVA, with Bonferroni post-test with the significance level adopted p<0.05 (CEUA-nº3152).

Results: In belly muscle the sarcomeres length of I group (2.72±0.5) show increase (p<0.001) compared with S group (2.07±0.1) and the FR group (2.42±0.1) also show increase (p<0.005) in comparison with S group but not as expressive how much I group (p<0.005). In MTJ region the proximal sarcomeres length was increased (p<0.001) in FR group (2.28±0.2) compared with I (1.67±0.3) and S (1.62±0.3) groups. As well in the MTJ the distal sarcomeres length show reduction (p<0.001) in I group (1.84±0.5) in comparison with S group (2.55±0.7), between FR (2.72±0.6) and S groups statistical differences were not established.

Conclusion: The sarcomeres presented distinct plasticity in relation to their location when associated with joint immobilization and free remobilization. Immobilization effects are demonstrated in sarcomeres length with reduction in MTJ (possible atrophy) and in the free remobilization group (FR) there was proportional reversal alterations to immobilization group (I) that demonstrated the plasticity of rehabilitation in the muscle-tendon region.

Palavras-chaves: Joint immobilization, Myotendinous junction, Morphometry, Free remobilization, Sarcomeres in series

03.025 EFFECT OF EUTERPE OLERACEA MART (AÇAÍ) EXTRACT ON AEROBIC EXERCISE TRAINING RATS

Autores

Beatriz Cardoso de Oliveira 1, Ricardo de Andrade Soares 1, Graziele Freitas de Bem 1, Izabelle

Barcellos dos Santos 1, Lenize Costa Reis Martins de Carvalho 1, Cristiane Aguiar da Costa 1, Dayane

Teixeira Ognibene 1, Roberto Soares de Moura 1, Angela de Castro Resende 1

Instituição 1 UERJ - Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de

Janeiro

Resumo

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), chronic exercise training reduces the chance of developing cardiovascular disease as well as improving physical performance and metabolic parameters, resulting in beneficial physiological changes to our organism. Previous studies from our group demonstrated that the hydroalcoholic extract from the seeds açaí (ASE) has antioxidant and vasodilator properties because it promotes increased NO bioavailability. Objective: Evaluate if treatment with ASE improves physical performance of rats subjected to chronic exercise training and associated

with vascular function. Methodology: The experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of Animal Experiments of UERJ (Protocol: CEUA 037/2017). Forty wistar rats were divided into four groups: Training (standard diet and water), Training+ASE (standard diet + ASE 200 mg/kg by intragastric gavage for 4 weeks), Sedentary (standard diet and water for 4 weeks) and Sedentary+ASE (standard diet + ASE 200mg/kg). The animals in the Training and Training+ASE groups performed a physical training protocol for four weeks, five times a week, for thirty minutes. The training intensity was 60% of the maximum speed reached during the maximum progressive test. The ASE was obtained according to a protocol previously described (Rocha et al., 2007). The animals body mass was measured three times a week on a digital scale. Blood glucose and lactate were measured before and after four weeks of physical training. In the end of the experimental protocol, the animals were anesthetized and the mesenteric arterial bed was perfused with Krebs solution. Dose-response curves were performed for acetylcholine and noradrenaline. Results: The distance (m) and exercise time (min) were significantly increased in the

Training+ASE (28.981.9 and 351.517.5, respectively; P0.05) in relation to the training group

(18.41.1 and 280.314.1, respectively). The increased lactate levels (mmol/L) in training animals

(3.20.2) were reduced by treatment with ASE (2.30.2; P0.05). The glucose (mg/DL) levels were not different between groups. The endothelium-dependent vasodilator effect of ACh was different between

Training and Training+ASE groups in a small dose (0,03pmol:5,40.5 vs 80.4; respectively and 0,3pmol:

11,81.56 vs 22,24.04;respectively, P0.05), The vascular reactivity to small doses of NE was reduced

in Training vs Sedentay (1 nmol: 17,31.6 vs 25,92.5 and 10nmol: 485 vs 665; respectively, P0.05)

and in Training+ASE vs Sedentary (1nmol: 13,51.86 vs 25,92.5 and 10nmol: 415 vs 665;

respectively, P0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that both physical exercise and ASE have a protective role for vascular function, which can be improved by the association of both. References: Rocha APM et al, Vascul Pharmacol. 46: 97-104; 2007.

Palavras-chaves: Açaí, ASE, exercise, polyphenols

03.026 AEROBIC TRAINING ATTENUATES DOXORUBICIN-INDUCED CARDIOMIOPATHY: EFFECTS ON CARDIAC STRUCTURE AND PI3K/AKT/ERK SIGNALING

Autores Renata Alves 1, Claudia de Morais Sequeira 1, Vinicius Novaes Rocha 2, Cristiane Matsuura 1

Instituição 1 UERJ - University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Pharmacology and Psychobiology, 2 UFJF - Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Department of Morphology

Resumo

INTRODUCTION: Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment, but its clinical use is limited by its cardiotoxic effects. Therefore, the identification of effective strategies to attenuate these off-target effects could reduce the incidence of cardiac dysfunction and morbidity after treatment with DOX. Studies have consistently demonstrated that exercise can mitigate cardiac dysfunction, reduce myocardial DOX accumulation, oxidative stress and apoptosis, but it is unknown whether it can attenuate cardiac structural damage.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of aerobic training on left ventricle ultrastructure of DOX-treated rats and its associated impact on PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling.

METHODS: Sprague Dawley rats (12 wk old) were randomly assigned (n=5-10) to control (saline, sedentary), DOX/sedentary (DOX/SED), and DOX/exercise (DOX/EX) groups. Animals received intraperitoneal saline or doxorubicin injection (1 mg/kg/d for 10 consecutive days). Treadmill exercise was performed during 9 weeks, 5 days/week, 30 min/day at 60% of maximum velocity. 72 h after the last exercise bout, rats were euthanized with an overdose of sodium thiopental (90 mg/kg) and the left ventricle was removed for ultrastructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy and for quantification of protein expression of PI3K-Akt, and ERK pathway by Western Blot. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Differences among groups were tested by a one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey post hoc test. The Institutional Ethics Committee on Animal Use approved the protocol and procedures used in this study (protocol n. 023/2015).

RESULTS: Aerobic exercise training prevented mortality in DOX treated animals. There was a 31.2% mortality in DOX/SED group, and all animals from DOX/EX and control groups survived. As expected, DOX administration resulted in a massive cardiomyocyte damage that was most pronounced in DOX/SED group. These changes consisted of extensive degeneration or even loss of mitochondrial cristae, intramitochondrial vacuoles and some myelin figures (which are characteristic of degenerating organelles), mitochondria swelling and abnormal size and shape. Furthermore, DOX/SED group showed a myofibrillar loss, characterized by partial or total loss of myofibrils and only remnants of peripheral Z disks were seen. Aerobic training caused notable changes in myocardial structure with an apparent preservation of mitochondrial morphology as well as of the integrity of the myofibrils. Aerobic training also led to an increase in the expression of proteins involved in physiological cardiac hypertrophy. PI3K (p110α) protein levels were significantly higher in DOX/EX compared to DOX/SED (1.22 ± 0.21 and 0.59 ± 0.15, respectively, P ≤ 0.05, values relative to control group). The same was observed for the ratio of pAkt (Ser473)/total Akt, which was significantly higher in DOX/EX than DOX/SED group (1.07 ± 0.05 and 0.65 ± 0.09, respectively, P ≤ 0.05, values relative to control group). No difference in pERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) was observed among groups (DOX/SED: 0.55 ± 0.08 and DOX/EX: 0.76 ± 0.10, P>0.05, values relative to control group).

CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that aerobic training may be a potential nonpharmacological approach to protecting the heart against the cardiotoxic effects of DOX. The improvement of left ventricle structure may be partially caused by increased protein synthesis due to activation of PI3K-Akt pathway.

Palavras-chaves: Exercise, Doxorubicin, Cardiotoxicity

03.027 Aerobic exercise training shows better results upon obesity-related liver damage in comparison to Enalapril

Autores

Vinicius Sepúlveda Fragoso 1, Isabele Gomes Giori 2, Beatriz Alexandre dos Santos 2, Agatha Cristie

Menezes dos Santos 2, Priscila Sardinha de Araújo 1, Antonio Claudio Lucas da Nóbrega 2, Eliete

Dalla Corte Frantz 2, D'Angelo Carlo Magliano 1

Instituição 1 LAMM - Laboratory of Morphological and Metabolic Analyses, Department of Morphology,

Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, 2 LACE - Laboratory of Exercise Sciences,

Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University

Resumo

Introduction: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) has become epidemic and strong evidences support a link between myocardial abnormalities and NAFLD, which turns an important target to prevent NAFLD-related heart disease. In this context, regular physical activity is the first choice to treat and prevent metabolic abnormalities and, in addition to treating cardiovascular disease, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have demonstrated effects on liver.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of exercise training and Enalapril, either alone or in combination, on liver of a diet-induced obesity (DIO) model.

Methodology: (CEUA 622/2015). C57BL/6 mice (3-mo-old) were fed a standard-chow (SC, n=10) or a high-fat (HF, n=40) diet for 8 weeks. HF group was then randomly divided into: HF (n=10), HF-Enalapril (HF-E, n=10), HF-Training (HF-T, n=10) and HF-Enalapril-Training (HF-ET, n=10). Interventions lasted 8 weeks. During experimental procedures, body mass (BM) was measured weekly and systolic blood pressure (SBP), twice a month. Plasmatic analyses were performed to cholesterol. Liver mass (LM) was assessed and formalin-fixed livers were prepared to stereological estimation of steatosis (Vv, %), and binucleation (1/mm2). Data are expressed as the mean±standard deviation. Differences among groups were tested by 1-way ANOVA with Holm–Sidak post-hoc test and p-value ≤ 0.05 was statistically significant.

Results: In relation to the SC (30.6±3.2g), HF presented an increase in final BM (40.2±4.5g, p<0.0001), HF-E and HF-T showed no difference (29.1±4.8g e 33.4±1.8g, respectively) and HF-ET presented a decreased final BM (25.7±2.7g, p<0.05). SBP was higher in HF (179±7mmHg, p<0.0001) and reduced in all treated groups (HF-E: 126±2mmHg, HF-T: 131±2mmHg e HF-ET: 120±2mmHg) compared to SC (113±3,6mmHg). Only the HF-T (238.3±3.8 mg/dL) and HF-ET (230.3±32.7 mg/dL) decreased plasmatic cholesterol levels in comparison to the HF (294.7±39.5, p<0.01). HF diet consumption yielded an increase in LM and steatosis in HF (1.3±0.2g, p<0.05 and 53.9±5.6% p<0.001, respectively). All interventions alleviate steatosis (HF-E: 12.4±8.3%, HF-T: 23.8±13.09%, HF-ET: 17.2±7.4%, p<0.001 in all cases) and consequently decreased LM (HF-E 0.8±0.13g, HF-T 0.9±0.1g, HF-ET 0.7±0.09g, p<0.0001 in all cases). Although Enalapril improved hepatic steatosis, neither HF-E nor HF-ET showed an attenuation of the binucleation yielded by HF consumption (HF: 45.3±15.12x103/mm2; HF-E: 48.2±12.35x103/mm2; HF-ET: 51.4±9.462x103/mm2). On the contrary, HF-T showed a trend to decreased binucleation (33±6.6x103/mm2) in relation to the HF.

Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that both Enalapril and exercise training improved the BM gain, SBP and hepatic steatosis, although only exercise training reduced cholesterol and hepatocyte damage in a DIO model.

Funding: FAPERJ, CAPES e CNPq

Palavras-chaves: Aerobic Exercise Training, Diet-Induced Obesity, Enalapril, Liver Damage, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

03.028 Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics of Sodium Diclofenac (Topical and I.M) Associated to Laser Photobiomodulation on Skeletal Muscle Strain in Rats

Autores

Patrícia Sardinha Leonardo Lopes Martins Patrícia Sardinha Leonardo Lopes Martins 1,2, Rodrigo

Leal de Paiva Carvalho Rodrigo Leal de Paiva Carvalho 6, Gustavo Duarte Mendes Gustavo Duarte

Mendes 4, Gilberto De Nucci Gilberto De Nucci 5, Rodrigo Labat Marcos Rodrigo Labat Marcos 3,

Rodrigo Alvaro Brandão Lopes Martins Rodrigo Alvaro Brandão Lopes Martins 2

Instituição 1 UMC - Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, 2 UNIVAP - Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, 3

UNINOVE - Universidade Nove de Julho, 4 SLM - São Leopoldo Mandic, 5 UNICAMP -

Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 6 USC - Universidade do Sagrado Coração

Resumo

Introduction. The practice of physical activities is considered a primary factor for the maintenance of good health status. However, exhaustive or unusual physical activities can lead to muscle injuries. Several treatments are used to recover muscle injuries, however, systemic NSAIDs often result in serious adverse events. Objective.In this study we aimed to investigate the association of Laser therapy (LLLT) and topical diclofenac, evaluating the kinetics of the drug and its pharmacodynamic effect in stretching-induced muscle injury in rats. Methodology. Male Wistar rats weighing 200g were randomized and divided into groups of 6 animals. Plasma concentrations of diclofenac were quantified by mass spectrometry at different times (15min to 24 hours) in all animals. The laser energy used was 3 Joules (830nm;100mW, 30s). Treated groups received Diclofenac at the dose of 1 mg/kg I.M. or topically applied with or without Laser Therapy. The electric stimulation was used to study the functional status of the muscles. Results. After topical administration of diclofenac, the peak plasma concentration (t max) occurred in 30 minutes in the irradiated group and in 4 hours in the non-irradiated group. The AUC (0-24hs) was 442 (ng/h/mL-1) in the non-irradiated group and 712 (ng/h/mL-1) in the irradiated group. Conclusion. LLLT was effective to provide a significant improvement in functional patterns. Taken together, our results demonstrate the synergistic effect between LLLT and topical diclofenac in muscle injury induced by stretching in rats.

Palavras-chaves: LLLT, PHOTOBIOMODULATION, SKELETAL MUSCLE LESION, DICLOFENAC, STRETCHING

03.029 EVALUATION OF BODY COMPOSITION AND SLEEP QUALITY IN APNEIC PATIENTS AFTER AEROBIC EXERCISE

Autores Ytalo Gonçalves Borges 1, Luis Henrique Cêia Cipriano 1, Alysson Sgrancio do Nascimento 2, Sonia

Alves Gouvea 3, Maria Teresa Martins de Araújo 4

Instituição 1 UFES - Master's Degree in Physiological Sciences by the Postgraduate Program in Physiological

Sciences, UFES, 2 UFES - Student of Scientific Initiation of the Department of Physiological

Sciences, UFES, 3 UFES - PhD in Physiological Sciences and Researcher of the Postgraduate

Program in Physiological Sciences, UFES, 4 UFES - PhD in Physiological Sciences and Professor of

the Department of Physiological Sciences, UFES

Resumo

Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is triggered by repetitive collapse of the upper airway at night, with consecutive respiratory pauses causing negative impact on sleep quality, leading to daytime sleepiness episodes. Considering that physical exercise interferes with factors associated with OSA (such as obesity) and contributes to the improvement of cardiovascular parameters – hypertension being one of the main comorbidities detected in OSA –, it could help in the treatment of apnea. Objective: To analyze the parameters of body composition, correlating them with blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), and to evaluate sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in apneic patients before and after aerobic exercise. Methodology: Open comparative clinical trial, approved by the UFES Ethics Committee (CAAE: 79412217.6.0000.5060). After signing the Informed Consent Form, 21 participants diagnosed with OSA (moderate to severe), aged between 30 and 70 years, were submitted to body composition evaluation: weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), Skeletal Muscle Mass (SMM), Body Fat Mass (BFM), Body Fat Percentage (BFP) using a body composition analyzer (Inbody 230®), neck circumference (NC) using a measuring tape, BP and HR. In order to evaluate daytime sleepiness and sleep quality we applied, respectively, the Epworth Scale and the Pittsburgh Questionnaire before and after exercise. The exercise was conducted in an ergometric treadmill (KX 5000 Kikos®) three times a week for two months. The duration of the exercise was 50 min, with 5 min of warm-up, 35 min of

walking on the treadmill and 10 min of relaxation. Walking intensity was moderate (50-70% of heart rate reserve), with intensity control during exercise being visualized by measuring HR moment by moment through a heart rate monitor (Polar - FT7 ®) and assessed as to subjective indexes with the Modified Borg Scale. Data normality was verified through the Shapiro test, with Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation being used to analyze the normal samples. The level of significance was 5% and the program used was IBM SPSS 20. Results: There was a significant reduction of SBP (131 ± 17 vs 120 ± 14, p <0.05), DBP (80 ± 10 vs 73.2 ± 7, p <0.05), HR (75 ± 10 vs 72 ± 11; p = 0.02), weight (77±12 vs 76±11; p<0.05), BMI (28±3 vs 27.6±3; p<0.01), BFP (24±6.2 vs 22±6; p<0.05) and BFM (31 ± 3 vs 27.6 ± 3, p <0.01), before and after exercise. The correlation between SBP and NC (p = 0.02 / r = 0.50) and between HR and PGC (p = 0.05 / r = 0.43) was significant before exercise, but there was no difference between SBP and NC (p = 0.23 / r = 0.27) and between HR and BFP (p = 0.32 / r = 0.22) after exercise. The overall sleep quality score was similar pre- (11 ± 3) and post- (10 ± 2) exercise. However, there was a significant improvement in some components of the questionnaire, as sleep duration (pre: 5.2h ± 1.4 vs post: 6.3h ± 1.3; p = 0.01) and habitual sleep efficiency (pre: 82% ± 11 vs post: 93% ± 10, p = 0.007). The daytime sleepiness score decreased significantly after exercise (pre: 12 ± 4 vs 10 ± 3, p = 0.05). Conclusion: moderate aerobic physical exercise modified body composition, reduced BP and HR, altered the correlation between BP and NC and between HR and BFP, affected sleep duration and efficiency, interfering also with daytime sleepiness in OSA patients, therefore leading us to believe it could help in the treatment of apnea.

Financial support: CNPq; CAPES.

Palavras-chaves: Obstructive Sleep Apnea , Hypertension, Sleep quality, Sleepiness, Aerobic exercise

03.030 Impactos do treinamento físico na função dos rins dos atletas do Macaé Futebol Clube

Autores Iago Ribeiro Iago Ribeiro 1

Instituição 1 UFRJ - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

Resumo

Impacts of physical training in kidneys function of Macaé Soccer Clube athletes.

FRANCO I. R.¹; PAIVA, K. V¹.; BERTOLINE, T¹.; CAIRES, V¹.; RIBEIRO, B¹.; MORALES, A. P.²; FEITOSA, N. M.³; FONSECA, R.N.³; PONTES, P. V. M.³; SOUZA-MENEZES, J³.

¹ Student of Scientific Initiation at the Integrated Laboratory of Morphofunctional Sciences - NUPEM - UFRJ / Macaé;

² PhD student at the Laboratory of Research and Innovation in Sport Sciences UFRJ / Macaé (LAPICE-RJ);

³ Professor of the Integrated Laboratory of Morphofunctional Sciences - NUPEM - UFRJ / Macaé.

Introduction: The renal function changes according to body demands and water intake. Therefore, unexpected changes on them can lead to kidney

damage. The kidney gets about 20% of the cardiac output which makes it very sensitive to physical effort. Many studies in the field of Exercise Physiology

report changes in the urinary composition of elite athletes due to high intensity exercises. Also, there are studies showing changes in the urinary

composition of ordinary people who practices moderate and low intensity exercises.

Objective: Characterize the changes in renal function of Macaé Soccer Club athletes before season of State Championship and 6 months after the

beginning of the season.

Methods: The project was approved by the research ethics committee of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro – Clementino Fraga Filho University

Hospital (n° 047/01). 35 athletes were selected for 24 hour urine collection and blood sample collection. In these samples the concentrations of sodium,

glucose, albumin, osmolality, urea, proteins, chloride and creatinine were determinated. The collection was performed in the beginning and at the end of

the season. The kidney’s functional profile was determinate using the clearance of the solutes mentioned above. The Shapiro-Wilk test was performed

for testing the normality of data. All analyses were processed by Student t-test using the statistical analysis software (GraphPad Prism 4.0, GraphPad

Software Inc., San Diego, USA). The confidence interval is 95%. Values of P

Resuts: The post-season Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) results (230.6 ± 36.74 mL/min, p