mIna 2006 M r)aykarN · 2011-07-06 · karsRmbnItikmμkm Bakü {CnsIuvil} énmaRta km 2131-1...

M

r)aykarN_ tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati

karsRmbnItikm μkm<úCaeTAnwglkçnþik³ éntulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati

esckIþepþIm EpñkTI1³ karGnuvtþkatBVkic©rbs;km<úCacMeBaHtulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati cab;BIqñaM2000mkTl;nwgbc©úb,nñ EpñkTI2³ karsikSaelIRbB½n§c,ab;énRbeTskm<úCa EpñkTI3³ karbBa©Úlniymn½yénbT]RkidæEdlmanEcgkñúglkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmeTAkñúgnItikm<úCa EpñkTI4³ eKalkarN_TUeTAénnIti EpñkTI5³ kic©shRbtibtþikarrvag tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati nigRbeTskm<úCa

EpñkTI6³ karCYsCulkarxUcxatdl;CnrgeRKaH EpñkTI7³ karEfrkSasmtßkic©rbs;RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa cMeBaHkarb®gáabbT]RkidæTaMgLayedayGnuvtþnUvbTdæan

GnþrCatiEdlmanlkçN³smRsb

mIna 2006elx 443

karsRmbnItikmμkm<úCaeTAnwglkçnþik³éntulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati

2

matika esckIþepþIm EpñkTI1³ karGnuvtþkatBVkic©rbs;km<úCacMeBaHtulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati cab;BIqñaM2000 mkTl;nwgbc©úb,nñμ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>12 CMBUkTI1³ karpþl;sc©ab½ndl;lkçnþik³éntulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>12

CMBUkTI2³ kic©RBmeRBogeTVrPaKIrvagkm<úCa nigshrdæGaemrikenAéf¶TI27 ExmifunaqñaM2003>>>>>>>14

k> lkçN³TUeTAénkic©RBmeRBogeTVrPaKI>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>15

x> karGtßaFib,ayriHKn;elIkic©RBmeRBog>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>16

1- GMBIeKalkarN_bEnßm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>17

2- GMBImaRta 98 vaküx½NÐTI2 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>19

taragTI1³ bBa¢IeQμaHrdæEdl)anpþl;sc©ab½n b¤)ancUlCasmaCiklkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um>>>>>>>>>>>>>22 EpñkTI2³ karsikSaelIRbB½n§c,ab;énRbeTskm<úCa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>26

CMBUkTI1³ nItiCaFrman>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>26

CMBUkTI2³ GanuPaBénsn§isBaØaGnþrCati>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>29

k> kartMrUv[manc,ab;edIm,IbBa©Úlsn§isBaØaGnþrCatieTAkñúgnItiCati>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>29

x> ]tþmPaBénsn§isBaØasþIBIsiT§imnusSelIc,ab;begáItf μ I>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>31

1- lkçN³BiessénsiT§imnusS>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>31


3

2- siT§irbs;BlrdækñúgkarRtYtBinitüFm μnuBaØPaB>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>32

CMBUkTI3³ GgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØ nigtulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>34

k> PaBdUcKñaénGgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØ nigtulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>35

1- karkMNt;bTel μ Is>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>35

1-k> ]Rkidækm μRbl½yBUCsasn_>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>35

1-x> ]Rkidækm μRbqaMgmnusSCati>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>36

1-K> ]Rkidækm μsRgÁam>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>38

2- karK μanGaCJayukalénbTel μ Is>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>39

x> lkçN³xusKñarvagGgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØ nigtulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>39

1- kardak;bBa©ÚlGgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØeTAkñúgRbB½n§yutþiFm’km<úCa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>39

2- GFibetyüPaBénGgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØ nigeKalkarN_énkarbMeBjbEnßmrbs;tula karRBh μTNÐGnþrCati>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>40

3- kardak;EdnkMNt;cMeBaHCnEdlGacRtUv)anecaTRbkan;edayGgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØ>>>>>>>>>>42

EpñkTI3³ karbBa©Úlniymn½yénbT]RkidæEdlmanEcgkñúglkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmeTAkñúg nItikm<úCa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>44

CMBUkTI1³ bT]Rkidækm μRbl½yBUCsasn_>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>45

k> bTRbl½yBUCsasn_>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>47


4

1- nItiviC¢man>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>47

2- c,ab;EdlkMBugRtUv)aneFVIkarsikSa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>50

x> karjúHjg;edaypÞal; nigCasaFarN³[RbRBwtþGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>53

1- nItikm μrbs;km<úCasþIBIkarjúHjg;edaypÞal; nigCasaFarN³[RbRBwtþGMeBIRbl½y

BUCsasn_>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>54

2- esckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ I>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>55

CMBUkTI2³ bT]Rkidækm μRbqaMgmnusSCati>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>58

k> karb:HBal;dl;suxPaBpøÚvkaynigxagstibBaØa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>62

x> karcaM)ac;kñúgkarbBa¢ak;[)anc,as;kñúgesckIþRBagRkmRBhμTNÐfμ InUvGtßn½yénbNþa GMeBImYycMnYnEdlCaFatupSMcMbgén]RkidækmμRbqaMgmnusSCati>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>63

CMBUkTI3³ ]RkidækmμsRgÁam>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>66 k> karkMNt;GMBIkarbRgáab]Rkidækm μsRgÁamkñúgnItiviC¢mankm<úCa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>67

1- RbPBBInItikm<úCa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>67

2- kareRbobeFobCamYynwglkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>68

x> ]Rkidækm μsRgÁamkñúgesckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ I>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>68

1- kareRbobeFobmaRta km 2131-1 énesckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ I CamYymaRta 8 kfax½NÐ 2 vaküx½NÐ k énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>70

1-k> Xøa {karbMpøaj b¤ karekgyknUvRTBüsm,tþi }>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>70


5

1-x> Bakü {CnsIuvil} énmaRta km 2131-1 énesckIþRBag RRkmRBh μTNÐfμ I nigBakü {CnEdlTTYl)ankarkarBar} énmaRta 8 kfa x½NÐ 2 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>70

2- kareRbobeFobmaRta km 2131-2 énesckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ I CamYymaRta 8 kfax½NÐ2

¬x¦ énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>71

2-k> maRta 8 kfax½NÐ 2 ¬x¦ énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>71

2-x> maRta km 2131-2 esckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ I>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>72

CMBUkTI4³ karGnuvtþeKalkarN_bMeBjbEnßm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>79

k> karelIkElgeTas³ ]bsKÁcMeBaHkarGnuvtþn_eKalkarN_bMeBjbEnßm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>79

1- GMBIc,ab;Ex μr>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>79

1-k> karelIkElgeTasCaTUeTA>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>79

1-x> karGnueRKaHeTas>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>81

2- kareRbobeFobc,ab;Ex μreTAnwglkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>82

x> bBaðaTak;TgnwgeTasTNÐ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>85

EpñkTI4 : eKalkarN_TUeTAénnIti>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>88 CMBUk1 : karTTYlxusRtUvxagRBh μTNÐrbs;buKÁlmñak;²³maRta25énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>89 k> GvtþmanénkarTTYlsÁal;fa mankarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBh μTNÐrbs;nItibuKÁl>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>89 x> TMrg;epSg²énkarcUlrYmenAkñúgkarRbRBwtþbT]RkidæGnþrCatimYy>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>90 1-karsmKMnit>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>91 2- karb:unb:g>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>92


6

CMBUk2³ GP½yÉksiT§i³ maRta27énlkçniþk³TIRkugr:Um>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>94 k> GP½yÉksiT§ikñúgRsuk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>95 1- GP½yÉksiT§irbs;GgÁRBHmhakSRt>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>95 2- GP½yÉksiT§isPa >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>96 3- GvtþmanGP½yÉksiT§i cMeBaHsmaCikrdæaPi)al>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>98 x> GP½yÉksiT§iGnþrCati>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>99 CMBUk 3 ³ karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;embBa¢akarkgT½B nigfñak;elIepSg²eTot ³ maRta 28 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>103 k> esckþIkt;sMKal;bzm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>103 x> EdnGnuvtþrbs;maRta28 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>103 K> GtßRbeyaCn_rbs;maRta 28 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>104 X> c,ab;km<úCa >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>105 1- fñak;elIxageyaFa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>105 2- fñak;elIxagsuIvil>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>107 CMBUk4 ³ PaBKμanGaCJayukalénbTel μIsRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]RkidækmμRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati nig ]Rkidækmμs®gÁam ³ maRta29énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>109

k> GnusBaØarbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCati cuHéf¶TI 26 vicäika 1968>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>109 1- karGFib,ayGMBIGnusBaØa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>109 2- tMélrbs;GnusBaØaenAkñúgc,ab;Ex μr>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>110 3- PaBK μanGaCJayukal CabTdæanTMenomTMlab;GnþrCati ?>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>110 x> sßanPaBrbs;c,ab;km<úCa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>111


7

CMBUk5 ³ mUlehtuénkarrYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBh μTNÐ³ maRta31énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um>>>>>>112 k> karGFib,ayGMBImaRta 31 nigkarbkRsayriHKn;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>112 x> sßanPaBc,ab;km<úCa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>114 CMBUk6 ³ bBa¢afñak;elI nigesckþIbgÁab;rbs;c,ab; ³ maRta33énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>118 k> karTTYlxusRtUvxagRBh μTNÐrbs;GñkRbtibtþi>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>118 x> karGFib,ayGMBImaRta 33 nigkarbkRsayriHKn;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>119 K> sßanPaBc,ab;km<úCa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>120

EpñkTI5³ kic©shRbtibtþikarrvagtulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati nigRbeTskm<úCa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>123 CMBUkeTal ³ sMeNIsuMbBa©ÚlmatikamYysþIBIkic©shRbtibtþikarCamYynwgtulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati eTAkñúgesckþIRBagRkmnItiviFIRBh μTNÐ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>123

EpñkTI6 ³ karCYsCulkarxUcxatdl;CnrgeRKaH>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>134 CMBUk1 ³ nItiviFIenAcMeBaHmuxtulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati b¤ tulakarbreTs>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>134 k> kic©shRbtibtþikarCamYy tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati nig karGnuvtþdIkaCYsCulkarxUcxat>>>>>>>>>>>135 1- katBVkic©kñúgkarshkaredIm,IkarCYsCulkarxUcxat>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>135 2- katBVkic©GnuvtþdIkaCYsCulkarxUcxat>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>137 x> kic©shRbtibtþikarrvagrdænigrdæ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>137 CMBUk2³ nItiviFIenARbeTskm<úCa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>138 k> nItiviFIRBh μTNÐenARbeTskm<úCa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>138 1- karkMNt;BIsmtßkic©>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>138 2- karBRgIksmtßkic©>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>139


8

x> nItiviFIenAcMeBaHmuxtulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>139 K> nItiviFIRBh μTNÐenAcMeBaHmuxtulakarrbs;ttIyrdæNamYy>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>140

EpñkTI7 ³ karEfrkSasmtßkic©rbs;RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCacMeBaHkarb®gáabbT]RkidæTaMgLay edayGnuvtþnUvbTdæanGnþrCatiEdlmanlkçN³smRsb>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>145 CMBUk1 ³ karFanananaEdlTTYlsÁal;edayc,ab;GnþrCatisRmab;erOgkþImYyyutþiFm’>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>146 k> siT§ikñúgkarkarBarxøÜntampøÚvtulakar>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>147 1- vtþmanrbs;emFavIenAdMNak;ecaTsYrénkarcUlxøÜnelIkTImYy>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>147 2- nItiviFIbdib,BaØtþiénkarcUlxøÜnPøam ³ karyl;RBmRtUveFVIeLIgedaymanvtþmanrbs;emFavI>>>>>>>>150 x> karcUlrYmrbs;CnrgeRKaH enAkñúgerOgkþIRBh μTNÐ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>152 1- karcab;epþImeFVI nigkardak;eGaymankic©dMeNIrkarénbNþwgGaCJa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>154 2- karnaMxøÜn[cYlCMrHpÞal;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>155

3- siT§irbs;smaKmn_epSg² kñúgkareFVIbNþwg RbqaMgnwgbTel μ IsRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]Rkidækm μ RbqaMgnwgmnusSCati nig]Rkidækm μs®gÁam kñúgnamCaedImbNþwgrdæb,evNI>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>156

K> saFarN³PaBénkarBiPakSaedjedal>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>156 X> siT§iTTYl)ankarBinitüsuxPaBenAGMLúgeBlénkarXat;xøÜn>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>158

CMBUk2³ karFanananaCaGnþrCatisþIBIRbRBwtþkmμCnCab;XuM nig CnCab;Bn§naKar>>>>>>>160


9

esckIþepþIm

r)aykarN¾enHRtUv)ancgRkgeT,IgkñúgRkbx½NÐkm μviFIrbs;shB½n§siT§imnusSGnþrCati ¬FIDH¦ sMedA CMrujeGaymankarpþl;sc©ab½n nigkarGnuvtþlkçnþik³sþIBItulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati. km μviFIenHTTYl)ankarCYy ]btßmKaMRT CaBiess BIshPaBGWr:ub ¬karpþÜcepþImrbs;GWr:ubedIm,IRbCaFibetyü nig siT§imnusS - IEDDH ¦.

kñúgRkbx½NÐénKMeragenH skm μPaBTImYyRtUv)ancab;epþImGnuvtþenARBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa naEx mina 2005 tamry³kic©BiPakSatumUl Edl)anRbRBwtþeTAGs;ry³eBlBIréf¶ sþIBI {PaBmanTMnak;TMngKña rvag tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati nigtulakarkat;eTasExμrRkhm ³ tYnaTIrbs;CnrgeRKaH}. kic©BiPakSatumUlenH Edl )anerobcMrYmKñaedayGgÁkarCasmaCik énshB½n§siT§imnusSGnþrCatiBIrenAkm<úCa KW smaKmkarBarsiTi§mnusS nigGPivDÆn_enAkm<úCa (ADHOC) nigsmaKmkarBarsiT§imnusSkm<úCa (LICADHO) )anRbCMuKña edaymanGñk cUlrYmmkBIbNþaGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilkm<úCaCaeRcIn rYmTaMgmkBImhaviTüal½ynana nigmkBIsßanTUtmYycMnYneTot pg. GaCJaFr Edl)anGeBaöIjeGaymkcUlrYmCa vaK μ inenAkñúg»kasenaH minmkcUlrYmeT.

kic©BiPakSatumUlenH)anpþl;nUvkare)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN¾mYy EdlsMeyaKral;kareFVIGtßaFib,ay nig karCECkEvkEjkTaMgT,aykñúgkMT,úgeBlénkic©BiPakSatumUlBIréf¶enH nigrYmTaMgGnusasn_TaMgT,ay EdlTaj ecjBIkic©BiPakSaenaH erobcMeday FIDH ADHOC nig LICADHO 1.

karpþÜcepþImKMnitenH)annaMmknUvEpøpáaKYreGaykt;sMKal;. va)anCMurujeGaymankarykcitþTukdak;kan; EtxøaMgeT,Ig CaeelIkdMbUg eTAelIkarcUlrYm nig karkarBarCnrgeRKaH enAcMeBaHmuxtulakarkat;eTasExμr Rkhm EdlrhUtmkdl;bc©úb,nñenH BMumankarykcitþTukdak;xøaMgenaHeTelIbBaðaenH2.

bnÞab;BIkic©BiPakSatumUlenHrYc shB½n§siT§imnusSGnþrCati)ansMerccitþerobcMskm μPaBTIBIrenAkm<úCa EdlelIkenH Tak;TgeTAnwgkardak;eGayGnuvtþlkçnþik³sþIBItulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatienAkñúgc,ab;kñúgRsuk. Gñk TTYlbnÞúkebskkmμBIrrUbRtUv)anTTYlGNtþiBIshB½n§siT§imnusSGnþrCati edIm,IeFVIkarsikSaelIbBaðaenH eday kMNt;nUvcMnucmYycMnYn kñúgc,ab;km<úCa edIm,IEkERbeGayRsbeBjlkçN³eTAnwgkatBVkic©énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um. tamBiteTA RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa KWCaRbeTsTImYy ehIyk¾CardækMrmYykñúgcMeNamrdædéTeTot enAkñúgtMbn;

1 r)aykarN_rbs; FIDH elx 420 Ex mifuna 2005. sUmemIlkñúg http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/kh420f.pdf 2 esckþIRbkasB½t’mancuHéf¶TI 29 mina 2005 rbs; FIDH ADHOC nig LICADHO. sUmemIlkñúg http://www.fidh.org/article.php3?id_article=2331


10

Edl)anpþl;sc©ab½ndl;lkçnþik³enH. b:uEnþ rhUtmkTl;bc©úb,nñenH RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCaBMuTan;)anbBa©ÚlbBaØatþi énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmenHeTAkñúgc,ab;kñúgRsukenAeT,IyeT.

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12

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17

enH KWCakarrMelaPeTAelIkatBVkic©GnþrCati EdlrdæmYyminRtUveFVI[sn§isBaØamYy)at;suBlPaBmuneBl Edl sn§isBaØaenHcUlCaFrmanenaHeLIy12.

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eKalkarN_bEnßmEdl)anelIkeLIgedayshrdæGaemrik nig km<úCa minGacCaehtuplsmrmüsMrab; karcuHkic©RBmeRBogrvagRbeTsTaMg BIrenH)aneT.

CakarBit eKalkarN_enHmaneKaledApþl;dl;tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCatinUvsmtßkic©CMnMuCRmHbT]Rkidæ EdlmanEcgkñúgmaRta 5 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um RbsinebIrdæmYyKμanqnÞ³ b¤ K μansmtßPaBkñúgkarCMnMuCRmH TIRkugr:Um. b:uEnþmaRtadEdlGnuBaØat[RbFanaFibtI shrdæGaemriklubecalnUvkarhamR)amenH cMeBaHRbeTsNaEdl cuHkic©RBmeRBogeTVrPaKICamYyxøÜn b¤ RbsinebI RbFanaFibtIyl;eXIjfa karlubecalkarhamR)amenHeFVIeLIgkñúgpl RbeyaCn_Cati. sMrab;karsikSalMGiteTAelIyuT§nakarenH sUmemIlr)ay karN_rbs; FIDH, « Non à l’exception américaine », www.fidh.org . 12 eRkayBI)anRbkas[dwgfaxøÜnnwgminpþl;sc©ab½n niglubecalnUvhtßelxaelIlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um Gaemrik ElgCab;cMNgénkatBVkic©enHkñúgzan³ CaPaKI htßelxI Edl)ancuHhtßelxaenAéf¶TI6 ]sPa 2002 eTotehIy. 13 {rdæmYyminRtUveFVInUvskm μPaBNaEdlnaM[b:HBal;dl;eKaledA nigvtßúbMNgrbs;sn§isBaØa³

k> enAeBlEdlxøÜn)ancuHhtßelxaelIsn§isBaØaenH b¤)anpøas;bþÚrlixitUbkrN_Tak;TgnwgkarbegáIt sn§isBaØaenH edayrg;caMkarpþl; sc©ab½n karGnum½tyl;RBm ehIyminTan;bgðajBIectnakñúgkarmincUl CaPaKIénsn§isBaØa. x> enAeBlEdlxøÜn)anRBmeRBogeKarBnUvral;katBVkic©kñúgsn§isBaØa enAkñúgkMLúgeBlmunkarcUlCaFrmanénsn§isBaØa RbsinebIkarcUlCaFrman enHminmankaryWtya:veT} ¬maRta 18 GnusBaØaRkugvIEy:n qñaM1969 sþIBInItisn§isBaØa¦.

14 Ph. Cahier, “L’obligation de ne pas priver un traité de son objet et de son but avant son entrée en vigueur”, Mélanges Dehousse, 1979, p.

31-37. kñúgn½yenHEdr sUmemIl Restatement (Third) of the Foreign Relations Law of the United States, American Law Institute, 1987, n.7,

section 312, p.3: htßelxI {minRtUvRbRBwtþinUvGMeBINaEdlnaM[mankarb:HBal;dl;eKaledA nigvtßúbMNgrbs;kic©RBmeRBog}. 15 eyagtamKN³km μakarnItiGnþrCati viFanenH{RtUv)anTTYlsÁal;CaTUeTA} ¬Annuaire CDI, vol. 2, 1969, pp. 169-202¦. sUmemIlpgEdr Certains

intérêts allemands en Haute-Silésie polonaise, Cour permanente de justice internationale, 1926, série A, no7, p.30 .


18

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16 manPaBcenøaHRbehagya:geRcIn EdlKYr[)armÖ kñúgnItikm μrbs;shrdæGaemrik EdlnaM[yutþaFikarGaemrikminmansmtßPaBkñúgkarecaTRbkan;]RkidæCn s®gÁam ¬EdlRtUv)an[niymn½ykñúglkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um¦ Edl)anRbRBwtþbTelμ IsenHenAÉbreTs. bT]RkidæTaMgenHminRtUv)an[niymn½yc,as;las;eTenA kñúgc,ab;Gaemrik. tulakarGaemrikk¾minGacecaTRbkan; pgEdr CnEdl)anRbRBwtþibTRbl½yBUCsasn_enAÉbreTs RbsinebICnenaHCasmaCikeyaFa Gaemrik b¤ CaCnTaMgLayepSgeTotEdlmanEcgkñúgkic©RBmeRBogéf¶TI27 Exmifuna 2003. cMeBaHkarsikSalMGitsþIBIsmtßkic©eRkA EdndIényutþaFikar GaemrikelI]Rkidækm μs®gÁam ]Rkidækm μRbqaMgmnusSCati GMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_ nigkareFVITaruNkmμ sUmemIlÉksarrbs;GgÁkar elIkElgeTasGnþrCati/ Compétence universelle, index AI : IOR 53/002/01 à 53/018/01 CMBUkTI4 TI6 TI8 nigTI10 ExkBaØa 2001.


19

dUcenH ]RkidæCnTaMgLayNaEdlmanEcgkñúgkic©RBmeRBogeTVrPaKI cuHéf¶TI27 mifuna 2003 nwgGac rYcputBIral;karecaTRbkan;TaMgGs;GMBIbT]Rkidærbs;xøÜn. eTaHbICamanPaBcenøaHRbehagkñúgnItikm μrbs;shrdæ GaemrikkñúgkarpþnÞaeTasCnTaMgenHk¾eday k¾tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatiminGaceFVIkarecaTRbkan;CnTaMgenH)an Edr.

2- GMBImaRta98 vaküx½NÐTI2énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um

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{tulakarminGacbnþeFVIsMeNIIsMubBa¢ÚnxøÜn EdlKYrGactRmUv[rdæTTYlsMeNIGnuvtþpÞúyBIkatBVkic©rbs;xøÜn eRkamkic©RBmeRBogGnþrCati Gnuelamtamkic©RBmeRBogenH karyl;RBmBIrdæbBa¢ÚnRtUvtRmUv[bBa¢ÚnxøÜn mnusS Namñak;rbs;rdæenaHeTAtulakar luHRtaNaEttulakarGacTTYlCamun nUvkic©shRbtibtþikarBIrdæbBa¢ÚnelIkar RBmeRBogbBa¢ÚnxøÜn } .

Gñktak;Etglkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmelIkeLIgnUvkic©RBmeRBogsþIBIlkçnþik³ énkgkMlaMgRbdab;GavuFmkeFVICa sMGag. kareRbIBakü {rdæbBa¢Ún} sMedA CaTUeTA kñúgnItiGnþrCati elIrdæEdlbBa¢ÚnkMlaMgT½Brbs;xøÜn[eTAQreCIg enArdæmYyeTot EdleK[eQμaHfa {rdæm©as;pÞH}. karsikSaeTAelIesckIþRBag nigelIdMeNIrkarénkartak;Etg lkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmGacbBa¢ak;c,as;elIkarGHGagxagelIenH ¬GnusBaØaRkugvIEy:n sþIBInItisn§isBaØaEcgfa esckIþ RBag nigdMeNIrkarénkartak;Etgsn§isBaØamYy KWCa]bkrN_KtiyutþsMrab;karbkRsaysn§isBaØaenH¦17.

17 {eKalbMNgénkartak;EtgmaRta 98-2 KWedIm,IedaHRsaynUvral;vivaTKtiyutþ EdlGacekItmaneLIgedaysar kic©RBmeRBogsþIBIlkçnþik³ énkgkMlaMg Rbdab;GavuF. pÞúyeTAvij maRta 98-2 minmaneKaledACMruj[rdæCa PaKIcuHkic©RBmeRBogEdlnaM[mankarraraMgdl;tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati kñúgkar esñIsMukic©shRbtibtþikarBIsMNak;rdæCaPaKIenaHeT. (Hans-Peter Kaul et Claus Kress, « Jurisdiction and Cooperation in the Statute of the

International Criminal Court: Principles and Compromises” [smtßkic© nigkic©shRbtibtþikar kñúgtulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati³ eKalkarN_ nig karsRmbsRmYl], in Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law, vol.2, 1999, pp. 143-165. sUmemIlpgEdr³ Christopher Keith Hall, “The

First Five Sessions of the UN Preparatory Commission for the International Criminal Court” [kic©RbCMucMnYnR)aMdMbUg énKN³km μakarerobcM


20

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enAkñúgkarGnuvtþCaGnþrCati kic©RBmeRBogsþIBIlkçnþik³énkgkMlaMgRbdab;GavuF RbsinebImanvivaTxag smtßkic©rvagrdænwgrdæ rdæTaMgenaHEtgEtEckKñaeFVIkaresIubGegát nigecaTRbkan;. kic©RBmeRBogenHmin)an pþl;nUvGP½yÉksiT§dl;CnNamYyenaHeLIy18.

pÞúyeTAvij kic©RBmeRBogcuHéf¶TI27 Ex mifuna 2003 begáItCaniTNÐPaBdl;BlrdæGaemrik nigbuKÁl epSgeTot EdlmanEcgenAkñúgkic©RBmeRBogenH eTaHbICabuKÁlenH)anRbRBwtþinUvbT]Rkidæ EdlmanEcgkñúg lkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmdUcCa ]Rkidækm μRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]RkidækmμRbqaMgmnusSCati b¤ ]Rkidækm μs®gÁamk¾eday. PaBcenøaHRbehagkñúgnItikm μGaemrikCa]bsKÁdl;tulakarGaemrikkñúgkarpþnÞaeTasCn TaMgLayxagelI ehIy müa:geTot enAkñúgkic©RBmeRBogeTVrPaKIenH shrdæGaemrikk¾min)ansnüafanwg epþImKMnitkñúgkarpþnÞaeTasCn TaMgenaHEdr.

CagenHeTAeTot eyagtamviFan 195 vaküx½NÐTI1 énviFansþIBInItiviFI nigPsþútagrbs;tulakar RBh μTNÐGnþrCati manEttulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCatiiEtmYyKt; EdlmansiT§ikñúgkarsMerc faetIkaresñIsMucab; bBa¢ÚnCnCab;ecaT KWCakartMrUv[rdæBak;B½n§rMelaPelIkatBVkic©énkic©RBmeRBog EdlmanEcgkñúg maRta 98-2

tak;Etglkçnþik³éntulakar ]RkidækmμGnþrCati], in American Journal of International Law, vol.94, 2000, p.786. GtßbTenHbgðajfa maRta 98-2 RtUv)aneKdak;bBa©ÚlbEnßmkñúglkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um edIm,IedaHRsaybBaðaTak;Tgnwgkic©RBmeRBogsþIBI lkçnþik³énkgkMlaMgRbdab;GavuF) . 18 {kic©RBmeRBogsþIBIlkçnþik³énkgkMlaMgRbdab;GavuF EdlykKMrUtamkic©RBmeRBogrbs;GgÁkar OTAN min pþl;GP½yÉksiT§idl;CnNamYyeT KWpþl; EtsiT§iGnuvtþCaGaTiPaBnUvsmtßkic©rbs;{rdæbBa¢Ún} cMeBaHbTelI μsmYycMnYn dUcCabTelμ IsEdl)anRbRBwtþkñúgkarbMeBjtYnaTIrbs;kgkMlaMgRbdab;GavuF Etb:ueNÑaH. eKalkarN_enH k¾dUcKñanwgeKalkarN_bEnßménlkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmEdr. kic©RBmeRBogTaMgenHRtUvEtbkRsayeTA tamGVIEdlmanEcgkñúg maRta 17 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um³ karecaTRbkan;EkøgkøayEdlRtUv)aneFVIeLIgkñúgeKalbMNg[CnsgS½yrYcputBI karTTYlxusRtUvRBh μTNÐminRsbeTA nwgeKaledA nigvtßúbMNgénviFannanaTak;Tgnwgsmtßkic©énkic©RBmeRBog sþIBIlkçnþik³énkgkMlaMg Rbdab;GavuF EdlykKMrUtamkic©RBmeRBogénGgÁkar OTAN eLIy. ebIeyageTAelImaRta 98-2 kic©RBmeRBogxagelIenHminman ecaTCabBaðaGVIeT ¬Steffen Wirth, “Immunities, Related Problems, and Article 98 of

the Rome Statute” [GP½yÉksiT§i bBaðaBak;B½n§nwgGP½yÉksiT§ienH nigmaRta 98-2 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um], Criminal Law Forum, vol.12, 2002¦.


21

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RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCaKYrCUndMNwgeTAshrdæGaemrikBIectnarbs;km<úCakñúgkarlubecalnUvkic©RBmeRBog Edl)ancuHhtßelxakalBIéf¶TI27 Exmifuna 2003.

19 yutþisa®sþ)anbBa¢ak;ya:gc,as;elIbBaðaenH {GnusBaØaBhuPaKIKWCaplEpøénkic©RBmeRBogEdlRtUv)anRBmeRBog edayesrIelIRKb;maRta dUcenHKμan PaKINamYyénGnusBaØaenH tamry³karsMerccitþCaÉketþaPaKI b¤tamry³ kic©RBmeRBogNamYyGacbMpøaj b¤bgçÚctMéléneKaledA nigvtßúbMNgén GnusBaØa)aneT. enHKWCaeKalkarN_ EdlRtUv)aneKTTYlsÁal;CaTUeTAkñúgnItiGnþrCati} ¬C.I.J.I., avis du 28 mai 1951, p.21¦. kñúgn½ydUcKñaenHEdr tulakarGcié®nþy_yutþiFm’GnþrCatiminGnuBaØat[kic©RBmeRBogrvagrdænigrdærMelaPelIlkçnþik³rbs;xøÜneLIy ¬esckIþ sMerccuHéf¶TI19 sIha 1929, série A,

no22, p.12¦.

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22

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mkTl;nwgéf¶TI1 ExFñÚ qñaM 2005 manRbeTscMnYn100ehIyEdl)anpþl;sc©ab½n b¤ )ancUlCa smaCikénlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um. manRbeTscMnYn42 kñúgcMeNamRbeTsTaMgenH ¬sMKal;edaysBaØapáay¦ )an cuHkic©RBmeRBogniTNÐPaBCamYyshrdæGaemrik20.

RbeTs kalbriecäTcuHhtßelxa kalbriecäTpþl;sc©ab½n b¤cUlCasmaCik

GahVháanIsßan* 10 kumÖ³ 2003 ¬k¦ GaRhV‘Íkxagt,Úg 17 kkáda 1998 27 vicäika 2000 Gal;)anI* 18 kkáda 1998 31 mkra 2003 GaLWm:g; 10 FñÚ 1998 11 FñÚ 2000 Gg;Dr 18 kkáda 1998 30 emsa 2001 Gg;TIhÁ½r nig )ab‘Uda* 23 tula 1998 18 mifuna 2001 GahSg;TIn 8 mkra 1999 8 kumÖ³ 2001 GU®sþalI 9 FñÚ 1998 1 kkáda 2002 GURTIs 7 tula 1998 28 FñÚ 2000 )a)ad 8 kBaØa 2000 10 FñÚ 2002 Eb‘lhSIúk 10 kBaØa 1998 28 mifuna 2000 eblIhS* 5 emsa 2000 5 emsa 2000 ebNaMg* 24 kBaØa 1999 29 mkra 2002 bUlIvI* 17 kkáda 1998 27 mifuna 2002 bUsñ‘Í eGehSehÁavIn* 17 kkáda 2000 11 emsa 2002 butsVaNa* 8 kBaØa 2000 8 kBaØa 2000 eRbsIul 7 kumÖ³ 2000 20 mifuna 2002 b‘ulháarI 11 kumÖ³ 1999 11 emsa 2002 b‘YrKINahVasU* 30 viciäka 1998 16 emsa 2004 20 RbPB ¬GIunF½rENt emIlenAéf¶TI10 ExkumÖ³ 2006¦³ -GgÁkarelIkElgeTasGnþrCati ¬http://web.amnesty.org/pages/icc-signatures_ratifications-fra¦ -sm<½n§edIm,ItulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati ¬http://www.iccnow.org/documents/USandICC/BIAs.html¦


23

bUrunDI* 13 mkra 1999 21 kBaØa 2004 km<úCa* 23 tula 2000 11 emsa 2002 kaNada 18 FñÚ 1998 7 kkáda 2000 ekaHsðúIB 15 tula 1998 7 mina 2002 kULúMb‘Í* 10 FñÚ 1998 5 sIha 2002 kugehÁa* 17 kkáda 1998 3 ]sPa 2004 kUer:xagt,Úg 8 mina 2000 13 vicäika 2002 kUsþarIka 7 tula 1998 7 mifuna 2001 RkUGat 12 tula 1998 21 ]sPa 2001 daNWma:k 25 kBaØa 1998 21 mifuna 2001 CIb‘UTI* 7 tula 1998 5 vicäika 2002 dUmInIk* 12 kumÖ³ 2001 ¬k¦ eGkVaT½r 7 tula 1998 5 kumÖ³ 2002 eGs,a:j 18 kkáda 1998 25 tula 2000 eGsþÚnI 27 FñÚ 1999 30 mkra 2002 hV‘ÍdhSIú* 29 vicäika 1999 29 vicäika 1999 hVaMgLg; 7 tula 1998 29 FñÚ 2000 )araMg 18 kkáda 1998 9 mifuna 2000 háabug* 22 FñÚ 1998 21 kBaØa 2000 háMb‘Í* 7 FñÚ 1998 28 mifuna 2002 hSkhS‘Í* 18 kkáda 1998 5 kBaØa 2003 háaNa* 18 kkáda 1998 20 FñÚ 1999 Rkik 18 kkáda 1998 15 ]sPa 2002 hÁIeN* 7 kBaØa 2000 14 kkáda 2003 hÁÜya:Na* 28 FñÚ 2000 24 kBaØa 2004 hugDUra:s; * 7 tula 1998 1 kkáda 2002 hugRKI 15 FñÚ 1998 30 vicäika 2001 eGorLg; 7 tula 1998 11 emsa 2002 GIusøg; 26 sIha 1998 25 ]sPa 2000


24

GIutalI 18 kkáda 1998 26 kkáda 1999 hSkdanI* 7 tula 1998 11 emsa 2002 EKnya: 11 sIha 1999 15 mina 2005 eLsUtU 30 vicäika 1998 6 kBaØa 2000 eLtUnI 22 emsa 1999 28 mifuna 2002 lIebrIya: * 17 kkáda 1998 22 kBaØa 2004 lIqinEsþn 18 kkáda 1998 2 tula 2001 lITuyGanI 10 FñÚ 1998 12 ]sPa 2003 luchSMb‘Yr 13 FñÚ 1998 8 kBaØa 2000 ma:esD½n* 7 tula 1998 6 mina 2002 ma:LavI* 3 mIna 1999 19 kBaØa 2002 ma:lI 17 kkáda 1998 16 sIha 2000 ma:l;t_ 17 kkáda 1998 29 viciäka 2002 ekaHma:sðal* 6 kBaØa 2000 7 FñÚ 2000 m:UrIs* 11 vicäika 1998 5 mina 2002 mIucsIuc 7 kBaØa 2000 28 tula 2005 m:ugehÁalI* 29 FñÚ 2000 11 emsa 2002 NamIb‘Í 27 tula 1998 25 mifuna 2002 NaG‘UrU* 13 FñÚ 2000 12 viciäka 2001 nIEhSr 17 kkáda 1998 11 emsa 2002 nIehSrIya: * 1 mifuna 2000 28 kBaØa 2001 n½rEvhS 28 sIha 1998 16 kumÖ³2000 nUEvlehSLg; 7 tula 1998 7 kBaØa 2000 G‘Uháan;da* 17 mIna 1999 14 mifuna 2002 )a:Nama: * 18 kkáda 1998 21 mina 2001 )a:ra:háay 7 tula 1998 14 ]sPa 2001 hUløg; 18 kkáda 1998 17 kkáda 2001 eBrU 7 FñÚ 2000 10 vicäika 2001 b:ULÚj 9 emsa 1999 12 vicäika 2001


25

B½rTuyháal; 7 tula 1998 5 kumÖ³ 2002 saFarN³rdæGaRh‘íkkNþal* 7 FñÚ 1999 3 tula 2001 saFarN³rdæRbCaFibetyükugehÁa* 8 kBaØa 2000 11 emsa 2002 saFarN³rdædUmInIkaMg* 8 kBaØa 2000 12 ]sPa 2005 r:Uma:nI* 7 kkáda 1999 11 emsa 2002 cRkPBGg;eKøs 30 vicäika 1998 4 tula 2001 saMgma:raMug 18 kkáda 1998 13 ]sPa 1999 saMgvaMugsg; nigeLRháWNaDIey: 3 FñÚ 2002 ¬k¦ sam:UGa 17 kkáda 1998 16 kBaØa 2002 eseNháal; * 18 kkáda 1998 2 kumÖ³ 1999 esora:eLGUn* 17 tula 1998 15 kBaØa 2000 søÚva:KI 23 FñÚ 1998 11 emsa 2002 søÚev:nI 7 tula 1998 31 FñÚ 2001 s‘uyEGd 7 tula 1998 28 mifuna 2001 sV‘Ís 18 kkáda 1998 12 tula 2001 tadhSIúKIsþg; * 30 vicäika 1998 5 ]sPa 2000 tg;hSanI 29 FñÚ 2000 20 sIha 2002 TIm½rxagekIt* 6 kBaØa 2002 ¬k¦ RTInIet nigtU)aehÁa 23 mIna 1999 6 emsa 1999 G‘uyruWháay 19 FñÚ 2000 28 mifuna 2002 evenhS‘úyeGLa 14 tula 1998 7 mifuna 2000 yUehÁasøavI 19 FñÚ 2000 6 kBaØa 2001 hSMb‘Í 17 kkáda 1998 13 vicäika 2002


26

EpñkTI2³ karsikSaelIRbB½n§c,ab;énRbeTskm<úCa esckIþepþIm

enAkñúgkMLúgBak;kNþalstvtSr_TI20 RbeTskm<úCa)anqøgkat;nUvkarpøas;bþÚrya:gKMhukxagneya )ay nigrdæFmμnuBaØ21.

RBwtþikarN_TaMgGs; EdlnaM[mankarpøas;bþÚrminQb;QrnUvneya)ay nigFm μnuBaØenH naM[mankar lM)akkñúgkaryl;BIRbB½n§énnItikm<úCa.

rdæFmμnuBaØbc©úb,nñenHminEmnCadMeNaHRsayCasßaBreT EtvaRKan;EtCadMeNaHRsayCamUldæan kñúg karQaneTArknItirdækñúgRbeTskm<úCaEtb:ueNÑaH.

bBaðaTak;TgnwgnItiRBhμTNÐEdlkMBugsßitenACaFrman nig GnuPaBénsn§isBaØaGnþrCatikñúgnItiCati KWCasMnYrEdlkMBugEtecaTeLIgya:gxøaMg. ]TahrN_; km<úCamankarlM)akkñúgkarpþnÞaeTasbT]Rkidæ Edl manEcgkñúgmaRta 5 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um tamry³tulakarvisamBaØ EdlRtUv)anbegáIteLIgsMrab;CMnMuCRmH bT]RkidæEdl)anRbRBwtþ enAeRkamrbbkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü.

CMBUkTI1³ nItiCaFrman

maRta 158fμ I énrdæFmμnuBaØkm<úCa ¬maRta 139cas;¦Ecgfa³ c,ab;niglixitbTdæanTaMgGs;enA km<úCa EdlFanakarBar)annUvRTBüsm,tþirdæ siT§i esrIPaB nigRTBüsm,tþiRtwmRtUvtamc,ab;rbs; buKÁlnig 21 karpøas;;bþÚrelIkdMbUgénrdæFm μnuBaØekItmaneLIgenAqñaM1972 eRkayBIsemþcRBHneratþm sIhnuRtUv)anTMlak;BI tMENgedayrdæsPaCatienA éf¶TI18 mina 1970. sßitkñúgsPaBkarN_RcbUkRcbl;edaysarsRgÁamevotNam nig clnakum μ úynIsþ rbbsaFarN³rdæminGacbegáItc,ab;GVI )anTaMgGs; edayCab;rvl;nwgkareFVIsRgÁamRbqaMgnwgBYkExμrRkhm. C½yCMnHrbs;BYkExμrRkhmenAéf¶TI17 emsa 1975 )annaMmknUv {bdivtþn_FmμnuBaØ} Edldak; RbeTskm<úCaeGayenAeRkamRbB½n§c,ab;d¾fμ IRsLagmYytamEbbkumμ úynIsþ. eRkayBIrbbenH)andYlrlMenA qñaM1979 enAkm<úCamanrbbBIr mYybegáIt eLIgenAéf¶TI7 mkra 1979 eRkamkarCYyeRCamERCgBIkgT½BevotNam nigmYyeTotnireTsenARkugeb:kaMg. rbbTaMgBIr enH)andak;km<úCa[sßitkñúg sßanPaBKtiyutþmYyd¾RsBicRsBil Gs;ry³eBl12qñaM. sßanPaBenHRtUv)anbBa©b;edaykarcuHkic©RBmeRBogenATIRkug)a:rIs. rbbTaMgBIr)anRBm eRBogKñakñúgkarGnum½tnUvrdæFm μnuBaØfμ ImYyenA éf¶TI23 kBaØa 1993 ehIysßitenACaFrmanrhUtmkTl;sBVéf¶.


27

EdlsmRsb nwgRbeyaCn_Cati RtUvmanGanuPaBGnuvtþbnþeTAmuxeTot rhUtdl;manGtßbTfμ ImkEkERb b¤ lubecal elIkElgEtbTbBaØtþiNaEdlpÞúynwgs μartIénrdæFmμnuBaØenH.

sMeNrenAkñúgmaRtaenHhak;dUcCaminPaBRsBicRsBilGVIeT k¾b:uEnþ GñkGnuvtþc,ab;CaeRcInenAkm<úCa dUcCa ecARkmsaladMbUg emFavI TIRbwkSac,ab;rbs;raCrdæaPi)alCaedIm eFVIkarbkRsayEbbneya)ay elImaRtaenH. eyagtamkarbkRsayEbbenH maRta 158 minTTYlsÁal;c,ab;TaMgLayNa Edl)an Gnum½tenAmunqñaM1979eT dUcCac,ab;enAkñúgsm½yraCaNacRkTImYykñúgrbbsaFarN³rdæ nig kñúgrbb km<úCa RbCaFibetyüCaedIm.

karbkRsayenHmanPaBcMElkya:gxøaMg eRBaHfavahYsBIGVIEdlCasMeNrénmaRtaenH Edlmin)an EcgGMBIEdnkMNt;dl;c,ab;munqñaM 1979 eT. müa:gvijeTot RkumRbwkSaFm μnuBaØmin)anecjesckIþsMercNa mYy dUckarbkRsayenHeLIy. RkumRbwkSaFmμnuBaØ KWCasßab½nEtmYyKt; EdlmanGMNacbkRsayrdæ- FmμnuBaØ ¬maRta 136 énrdæFmμnuBaØ¦ ehIymanEtesckIþsMercrbs;RkumRbwkSaenHeT EdlCaesckIþsMerc sßaBr ¬maRta 142¦.

elak sWn sU‘Eb‘r_ smaCikRkumRbwkSaFmμnuBaØ EdleyIg)anCYbBiPakSa)anRcanecalnUvkarbkRsay EbbenHelImaRta 158. elakyl;fa maRtaenH)anEcgya:gc,as;las; ehIyepþateTAelIral; bTbBaØtþi TaMgLayNaEdlRtUv)anbegáIteLIgenAmunqñaM1993 minEmncMeBaHEtbTb,BaØtþi EdlRtUv)anbegáIteLIg cenøaH qñaM1979 nig1993enaHeT. karelIkElgeFVIeLIgEtral;bTbBaØatþiTaMgLayNa EdlpÞúynwg {s μartI énrdæFm μnuBaØ} Etb:ueNÑaH dUcCabTb,BaØtþiTaMgLayEdlbegáIteLIgeRkamrbbkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü kñúgcenøaH qñaM1975 nig1979 EdlpÞúynwgeKalkarN_énkarkarBarsiT§imnusS EdlmanEcgenAkñúgrdæFmμnuBaØ ¬CMBUk TI3¦CaedIm.

FIDH yl;eXIjfa³

RsbtamsMeNrénmaRta 158 énrdæFmμnuBaØ ral;c,ab; nigbTb,BaØtþiTaMgLayNa dUcEdlmanEcgkñúg maRtaenH ehIyRtUv)anbegáIteLIgenAmunkarGnum½trdæFm μnuBaØbc©úb,nñ edayminkMNt;RtwmEtbTbBaØatþi


28

eRkayqñaM1979 sßitenACaFrman rhUtdl;manGtßbTfμ ImkEkERbb¤ lubecal elIkElgEtbTbBaØatþiNa EdlpÞúynwgsμartIénrdæFmμnuBaØenH.

edayminmanesckIþsMercsßaBrBIRkumRbwkSaFm μnuBaØsþIBIkarbkRsaymaRta 158 énrdæFm μnuBaØ nig edayminmanbTb,BaØtþiNaEdlnirakrN_bTb,BaØtþimun² c,ab; nigbTb,BaØtþi EdlGacykmkGnuvtþTaMgRsug b¤ edayEpñk kñúgnItiRBhμTNÐrYmman³

-RBHraCRkm elx4 cuHéf¶TI5 kumÖ³ 1925 -RkmsþIBItulakareyaFa EdlRtUv)anRbkas[eRbIedayRBHraCRkm elx849 ns cuHéf¶ TI12 kumÖ³ 1954 -RkmRBh μTNÐ Rbkas[eRbIedayRBHraCRkm elx 933 ns cuHéf¶TI21 kumÖ³ 1955 -RkmnItiviFIRBh μTNÐ Rbkas[eRbIedayRBHraCRkm elx104 kr cuHéf¶TI17 sIha 1962 -Rkwtü-c,ab; elx1 qñaM1979 -Rkwtü-c,ab; elx2 qñaM1980 sþIBInItiviFIRBh μTNÐ -Rkwtü-c,ab; elx3 qñaM1989 sþIBInItiviFIRBh μTNÐ -{bTb,BaØtþiTak;TgnwgRbB½n§yutþaFikar nItiRBh μTNÐ nignItiviFIRBhμTNÐ sMrab;Gnuvtþkñúgsm½yGnþr

kal} ¬bTb,BaØtþiGnþrkal¦ EdlRtUv)anGnum½tedayRkumRbwkSaCatiCan;x<s; enAéf¶TI10 kBaØa 1992 -c,ab;sþIBInItiviFIRBhμTNÐ cuHéf¶TI8 kumÖ³ 1993 edayrdækm<úCa RBmTaMgRkm nigsaracrN_nana

Edl)anGnum½tGnuelamtamc,ab;enH ¬saracrN_ cuHéf¶TI18 vicäika 1993 sþIBIkarGnuvtþc,ab;sþIBInItiviFI RBh μTNÐcuH éf¶TI8 kumÖ³ 1993 RBHraCRkm elx 0899¼09 cuHéf¶TI26 sIha 1999 sþIBIry³eBl XMuxøÜnbeNþaHGasnñ RBHraCRkmelx 0102¼005 cuHéf¶TI1 mkra 2002 sþIBIkareFVIviesaFnkm μmaRta 36 maRta 38 maRta 90 nigmaRta 91 énc,ab;sþIBInItiviFIRBh μTNÐ cuHéf¶TI8 kumÖ³ 1993¦

-c,ab;cuHéf¶TI8 kumÖ³ 1993 sþIBIrcnasm<½n§énsalaCMrHkþI -c,ab;cuHéf¶TI16 mkra 1996 sþIBIkarpþnÞaeTaskarcab;CMrwt karCYjdUr nigkareFVIGaCIvkm μelI mnusS -c,ab;sþIBIsßanTm¶n;eTascMeBaHbT]Rkidæ Rbkas[eRbIenAéf¶TI7 mkra 2001 -c,ab;sþIBIkarbegáItGgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØsMrab;CMnMuCRmHelIbT]RkidæEdlRtUv)anRbRBwtþkñúgkMLúg

rbbkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü cuHéf¶TI10 sIha 2001 Rbkas[eRbIedayRBHraCRkmelx ns rkm 0801¼


29

12 ehIyRtUv)anEkERbedayc,ab;cuHéf¶TI27 tula 2004 Rbkas[eRbIedayRBHraCRkm elx ns rkm 1004¼006

-Rbkaselx 217 cuHéf¶TI31 mina 1998 sþIBIkarRKb;RKgBn§naKar

CMBUkTI2³ GanuPaBénsn§isBaØaGnþrCati

km<úCaKWCaRbeTsQanmuxeKkñúgtMbn;GasIu CaBiessGasIuEb:kGaeKñy_ Edl)anpþl;sc©ab½ndl;esÞIr EtRKb;GnusBaØaGnþrCatiTak;TgnwgsiT§imnusS.

k¾b:uEnþenHminTan;RKb;RKan;sMrab;[BlrdæGacelIkeLIgnUvsiT§i nigesrIPaBTaMgLay EdlekItecj BIGnusBaØaTaMgenH enAcMeBaHmuxtulakarkm<úCaeLIy.

GanuPaBénsn§isBaØaGnþrCatikñúgRbB½n§c,ab;km<úCaminRtUv)ankMNt;[)anCak;lak;enaHeT.

k> kartMrUv[manc,ab;edIm,IbBa©Úlsn§isBaØaGnþrCatieTAkñúgnItiCati

maRta 31 énrdæFm μnuBaØ[tMélCaBiesseTAelIsiT§imnusS Edlkm<úCa)ancuHkic©RBmeRBogCaGnþr Cati. maRtaenH)anEcgfa³ RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCaTTYlsÁal; nigeKarBsiT§imnusSdUcmanEcgkñúgFm μnuBaØ shRbCaCati esckIþRbkasCasklsþIBIsiT§imnusS nigktikarsBaØa RBmTaMgGnusBaØaTaMgLayTak;TgeTA nwgsiT§imnusS nigsiT§ikumar.

tamry³karEcgénmaRtaenH ral;GnusBaØaEdlTak;TgeTAnwgsiT§imnusSmantMélesμ InwgrdæFm μnuBaØ eBal KWmanzananuRkmx<s;Cagc,ab;Fm μta. enHCakarCMrHnUvmnÞilsgS½yfa etIGnusBaØaTaMgenHmantMél x<s;Cagc,ab;Fmμta b¤ eT. eyagtammaRta 31 énrdæFmμnuBaØ GnusBaØaTaMgenHmantMélx<s;Cagc,ab; Fmμta.

k¾b:uEnþ karpþl;[siT§imnusSnUvtMélesμ InwgrdæFmμnuBaØminGnuBaØat[BlrdæExμrGnuvtþnUvsiT§i nigesrI PaBrbs;xøÜn)anenaHeT edayehtufa maRta 31 vaküx½NÐcugeRkay)anEcgfa³ kareRbIsiT§iesrIPaBenH RtUvRbRBwtþtamlkçx½NÐkMNt;kñúgc,ab;.


30

eyIgGacniyay)anmüa:geTotfa BlrdæExμrGacelIkeLIgnUvsiT§i esrIPaBrbs;xøÜnenAcMeBaHyutþaFi karkm<úCa)an luHRtaEtEp¥keTAelIbTbBaØatþic,ab;NamYy.

eyageTAelImaRta 74 énbTb,BaØtþiGnþrkal karRbkasCasklsþIBIsiT§imnusS sMNMuénviFanGb, brmaTak;TgnwgkarRbRBwtþicMeBaHCnCab;XMu ktikarsBaØaGnþrCatisþIBIsiT§iesdækic© sgÁm nigvb,Fm’ ktikar sBaØaGnþrCatisþIBIsiT§isIuvil nigneya)ay esckIþRbkaséneKalkarN_yutþiFm’CamUldæansþIBICnrgeRKaH edaysarbT]Rkidæ nigCnrgeRKaHedaykarrMelaPGMNac eKalkarN_CamUldæansþIBIÉkraCüPaBénGgÁecA Rkm bNþúMéneKalkarN_sþIBIkarkarBar nUvral;CnTaMgLayNaEdlRtUv)anCab;XMuXaMg b¤ Cab;Bn§naKar nig eKalkarN_CamUldæansþIBIkareRbIR)as;kMlaMgT½B nigkareRbIR)as;kaMePøIg edayGñkTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarGnuvtþ c,ab; {GacykmkGnuvtþ)anenARbeTskm<úCa}. mann½yfa GtßbT nigsn§isBaØaGnþrCati TaMgenHmanGanu PaBGnuvtþdUcc,ab;Edr ehIyGacRtUv)anelIkeLIgedayBlrdæEx μr enAcMeBaHmuxtulakarkm<úCa.

eRkABIlixitUbkrN_GnþrCatiTaMg8enH mkTl;nwgbc©úb,nñenH GñktMNagraRsþmin)anerobcMeFVIc,ab; edIm,IbBa©ÚllixitUbkrN_Cag10eTotmkkñúgnItiCatienAeLIyeT.

edayKμanc,ab;bBa©ÚlkñúgnItiCatinUvkatBVkic©GnþrCatiénkm<úCaTak;TgnwgsiT§imnusS kñúgkarGnuvtþCak; EsþgBlrdæExμrminGacelIkeLIgnUvsiT§i esrIPaBCasarv½nþrbs;xøÜn enAcMeBaHmuxtulakarkm<úCaeLIy.

dUcenH km<úCacaM)ac;RtUverobcMc,ab;edIm,Idak;bBa©ÚlkñúgnItiCati nUvral;GnusBaØaGnþrCatiTaMgLay EdlTak;TgnwgsiT§imnusS Edlkm<úCa)anpþl;sc©ab½n ¬b¤)ancUlCasmaCik¦rYcehIy manCaGaT× lkçnþik³ TIRkugr:UmsþIBIkarbegáIttulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati22 edIm,I[BlrdæExμrGacGnuvtþedayeBjelj nUvsiT§iesrI PaB EdlekItecjBIlixitUbkrN_GnþrCatiTaMgenH.

FIDH sUmpþl;nUvGnusasn_dUcteTA³

RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCaKYrEtbegáItnUvc,ab;edIm,Idak;bBa©ÚlkñúgnItiGnþrCati nUvral;siT§iesrIPaBbuKÁl dUcman EcgenAkñúgRKb;GnusBaØaGnþrCatisþIBIsiT§imnusSEdlmaRta31 énrdæFm μnuBaØ)an[tMélesμ InwgrdæFm μnuBaØ. 22 ebImindUecñaHeT km<úCanwgRtUvtulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCaticat;Tukfa min)anGnuvtþtamkatBVkic©rbs;xøÜn ehIy)at;bg;nUvsmtßkic©rbs;xøÜnkñúgkarpþnÞa eTas cMeBaHral;bT]RkidæTaMgLayEdlmanEcgkñúglkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um ¬maRta 17 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um¦. sUmemIlEpñkTI7


31

x> ]tþmPaBénsn§isBaØasþIBIsiT§imnusSelIc,ab;begáItfμ I

CaTUeTA zananuRkménbTdæanKtiyutþrvagsn§isBaØaGnþrCati nigc,ab;k¾ecaTCabBaðaEdr RbsinebI viFanénc,ab;EdlmanRsab;pÞúyeTAnwgGnusBaØaGnþrCati.

maRta 26 nigmaRta 55 énrdæFm μnuBaØEcgBIzananuRkmrvagrdæFm μnuBaØ nigsn§isBaØaGnþrCati23. k¾ b:uEnþminmanmaRtaNamYyEcgBIzananuRkmrvagsn§isBaØaGnþrCati nigc,ab;épÞkñúgkm<úCaenaHeLIy. enAmin Tan;manesckIþsMercBIRkumRbwkSaFmμnuBaØ b¤ sßab½nyutþaFikarCan;TabNamYy EdleFVIkarvinicä½yelIbBaðaenHenA eLIyeT.

1- lkçN³BiessénsiT§imnusS

elak say bUrI GtItsmaCikRkumRbwkSaFm μnuBaØayl;fa sn§isBaØanigkic©RBmeRBogGnþrCati man zananuRkmesμ Inwgc,ab;épÞkñúg edayehtufa sn§isBaØanigkic©RBmeRBogTaMgenHRtUv)aneKbBa©ÚlmkkñúgnItiCati edayc,ab;sþIBIkarpþl;sc©ab½n. eyagtamelakGtItsmaCikRkumRbwkSaFm μnuBaØrUbenH RbsinebI kñúgkrNI manvivaTrvagc,ab;épÞkñúg nigsn§isBaØaGnþrCati EdlRtUv)anpþl;sc©ab½nedayc,ab; eKRtUvGnuvtþviFansþIBI vivaTrvagc,ab;edayeyageTAelIeBlénkarGnum½tc,ab;TaMgenH. tamry³viFanenH c,ab;EdlbegáItfμ Inira krN_c,ab;mun EdlpÞúynwgc,ab;eRkayenH24.

pÞúymkvij Tak;TgnwgsiT§imnusS ehtupldUcEdl)anelIkeLIgedayelak say bUrI xagelImin GacykmkGnuvtþ)aneT edayehtudUcEdleyIg)aneXIjxagelIrYcmkehIyfa ral;GnusBaØaGnþrCatisþIBI siT§imnusSmantMélesμ InwgrdæFm μnuBaØ edaysarEtmaRta 31 énrdæFm μnuBaØ)anEcgya:gdUecñaH.

23 maRta 26 énrdæFm μnuBaØEcgfa RBHmhakSRtRTg;pþl;sc©ab½ndl;ral;sn§isBaØa nigkic©RBmeRBogGnþrCati bnÞab; BIsPa)anGnum½tyl;RBmrYc ehIy. ral;c,ab;sþIBIkarpþl;sc©ab½ndl;sn§isBaØaGnþrCatiGacRtUv)anRtYtBinitüFm μnuBaØPaB. müa:geTot maRta 55 )anEcgfa sn§isBaØa nigkic© RBmeRBogTaMgLaynaEdlminRsbnwgÉkraCü GFibetyüPaBrbs;RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCaRtUvlubecal. karEcgEbbenHmann½yfa sn§isBaØa nig kic©RBmeRBogGnþrCatiRtUvEtRsbeTAnwgrdæFmμnuBaØ ebImindUecñaHeTnwgRtUvlubecal. enHhak;dUcCabgðaj[eXIjfa rdæFmμnuBaØ manzananuRkmelI sn§isBaØanigkic©RBmeRBogGnþrCati. 24 say bUrI/ nItiGnþrCatiTUeTA/ kare)aHBum<elIkTI2/ Blossum Lotus, 2001


32

ehtuenH Tak;Tgnwgvis½ysiT§imnusS RbsinebIc,ab;EdlbegáItf μ I eRkayc,ab;Edlpþl;sc©ab½ndl; GnusBaØaGnþrCatipÞúynwgGnusBaØaGnþrCatienH c,ab;fμ IenHnwgminmansuBlPaBeT edaymUlehtuGFm μnuBaØ PaB.

2- siT§irbs;BlrdækñúgkarRtYtBinitüFm μnuBaØPaB

maRta 141 vaküx½NÐTI1 énrdæFm μnuBaØEcgfa³ eRkayBIc,ab;NamYyRtUv)anRbkas[eRbIRBH mhakSRt RbFanRBwT§sPa RbFanrdæsPa naykrdæmRnþI smaCikRBwT§sPacMnYnmYyPaKbYn tMNagraRsþ cMnYnmYyPaKdb; b¤ tulakarGacsMu[RkumRbwkSaFm μnuBaØBinitüGMBIFmμnuBaØPaBénc,ab;enaH.

maRtaenHmin)anEcgfa BlrdæFm μtaGaceFVIkarbþwgedaypÞal;eTARkumRbwkSaFmμnuBaØ edIm,IeFVIkar BinitüFm μnuBaØPaBénc,ab;enaHeLIy.

dUcenH BlrdæEx μrGacelIkeLIgnUvGFmμnuBaØPaBénc,ab;Ettamry³tMNagraRsþmYyPaKdb; sma CikRBwT§sPamYyPaKbYn RbFanrdæsPa b¤ RbFanRBwT§sPa ¬maRta 141 vaküx½NÐTI2¦ EdlCakarlM)ak bMputsMrab;BlrdæFm μtakñúgkareFVIEbbenH. BlrdæEx μrk¾GacelIkeLIgpgEdr nUvGFmμnuBaØPaBénc,ab;enA cMeBaHmuxtulakarenAeBlEdlxøÜnmankþIkþaM RsbeTAnwgmaRta 141 vaküx½NÐTI1 énrdæFm μnuBaØ nigmaRta 19 énRBHraCRkmcuHéf¶TI8 emsa 1998 sþIBIkarerobcMnigkarRbRBwtþieTAénRkumRbwkSaFm μnuBaØ EdlEcgfa³

PaKIenAkñúgerOgkþImYyEdlyl;eXIjfa c,ab;EdlGnuvtþedaytulakar b¤ edaysßab½nNamYyrMelaP elIsiT§i esrIPaBCamUldæanrbs;xøÜn GacelIkeLIgnUvGFm μnuBaØPaBénc,ab;enH enAcMeBaHmuxtulakar. Rbsin ebItulakaryl;eXIjfa karelIkeLIgenHsmehtupl RtUvEtbBa¢ÚnsMNMuerOgenHeTAtulakarkMBUlkñúgry³ eBlya:gyUr10éf¶.

tulakarkMBUlRtUvEteFVIkarBinitü nig sMercbBa¢Únc,ab;enHeTARkumRbwkSaFmμnuBaØkñúgry³eBlya:gyUr 15éf¶ elIkElgEtxøÜnyl;fa karesñIsMuBinitüFm μnuBaØPaBenHminGacTTYlyk)an.

b:uEnþ ebIeTaHbICamanc,ab;NamYyEdlGacrMelaPelIsiT§i esrIPaBCamUldæanrbs;xøÜnk¾eday k¾Kμan GVIEdlGacFana)anfa enAeBlEdlBlrdæEx μrelIkeLIgnUvGFmμnuBaØPaBénc,ab;enH RkumRbwkSaFmμnuBaØnwg GacBinitüFmμnuBaØPaBénc,ab;enH)anEdr BIeRBaHsaladMbUg nigtulakarkMBUlmanlT§PaBkñúgkarsMercGMBI


33

suBlPaBénkaresñIsMuBinitüFm μnuBaØPaBenH ehIyGacmineFVIkarbBa¢Únc,ab;enHeTARkumRbwkSaFm μnuBaØ eday Ep¥kelImaRta 19 énRBHraCRkmxagelI.

PaBcenøaHRbehagenHeFVI[maRta 31 énrdæFmμnuBaØkøayCakarRKan;EtEcgelIRkdas EtFatuBit RbCaBlrdæminGacelIkeLIgedayeBjeljnUvsiT§i esrIPaBrbs;xøÜn edIm,IkarBarxøÜnenAcMeBaHmuxtulakar )aneT.

FIDH sUmpþl;Gnusasn_dUcteTA³

sUm[GaCJaFrkm<úCalubecalnUvXøa {RbsinebIkaresñIsMuenHsmehtupl} nig {elIkElgEtxøÜnyl; eXIjfakaresñIsMuenHminsmehtupl} kñúgmaRta 19 énRBHraCRkm cuHéf¶TI8 emsa 1998 sþIBIkarerobcM nigkarRbRBwtþieTAénRkumRbwkSaFm μnuBaØ. dUcenHmaRta 19 xagelIRtUvEkERbeTACa³ PaKIenAkñúgerOgkþImYy Edlyl;eXIjfa c,ab;EdlGnuvtþedaytulakar b¤ edaysßab½nNamYyrMelaP elIsiT§iesrIPaB CamUldæan rbs;xøÜn GacelIkeLIgnUvGFm μnuBaØPaBénc,ab;enHenAcMeBaHmuxtulakar. saladMbUgRtUvEtbBa¢ÚnsMNMuerOg enHeTAtulakarkMBUlkñúgry³eBlya:gyUr10éf¶.

tulakarkMBUlRtUvEteFVIkarBinitü nigsMercbBa¢Únc,ab;enHeTARkumRbwkSaFm μnuBaØkñúgry³eBlya:gyUr 15éf¶.


34

CMBUkTI3³ GgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØ nigtulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati

eRkayBIkarcrcarya:gtwgEtg GgÁkarshRbCaCati nigraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa)ancuHkic©RBmeRBog mYy25enAéf¶TI6 mifuna 2003 begáItGgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØ edIm,ICMnMuCRmHbT]RkidæEdlRtUv)anRbRBwtþkñúg kMLúgrbbkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü.

kic©RBmeRBogenHRtUv)anpþl;sc©ab½nedaykm<úCaenAéf¶TI19 tula 2004. enAmuneBlcuHkic©RBm eRBogenH km<úCa)anbegáItc,ab;mYycuHéf¶TI10 sIha 2001 sþIBIkarbegáItGgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØenH26. edIm,I eGayRsbeTAnwgkic©RBmeRBogéf¶TI6 mifuna 2003 c,ab;enHRtUv)anEkERbedayc,ab;mYyeTot cuHéf¶TI 27 tula 200427.

GgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØEdl)anEcgenAkñúgkic©RBmeRBogéf¶TI6 mifuna 2003 nigc,ab;cuHéf¶TI10 sIha 2001 KwCaGgÁCMnMuCRmHmYyEdlmanlkçN³Carebob {kUnkat;} ehIymansmtßkic©CMnMuCRmHEtelIbT]Rkidæ Edl)anRbRBwtþeRkamrbbkm<úCaRbCaFibetyüBIéf¶TI17 emsa 1975 dl;éf¶TI6 mkra 1979 Etb:ueNÑaH EdlkñúgenaHmanbTRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]Rkidækm μRbqaMgmnusSCati nig]RkidækmμsRgÁam.

dUceyIg)andwgehIyfa bT]Rkidækm μTaMgb:unμanxagelIenHRtUv)andak;eRkamsmtßkic©éntulakar ]Rkidækm μGnþrCati ehIyRtUv)an[niymn½yenAkñúgmaRta 5 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um. eTaHbICaya:genHk¾eday minmanvivaTEpñksmtßkic©rvagtulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati nigGgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØenHeT eRBaHmaRta 11 vaküx½NÐTI1 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmEcgfa³ tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCatimansmtßkic©CMnMuCRmHEtelIbT]Rkidæ Edlcat;cUlCasmtßkic©rbs;xøÜn ehIyRtUv)anRbRBwtþeRkayBIkarcUlCaFrmanénlkçnþik³enH.

25 kic©RBmeRBog cuHéf¶TI6 mifuna 2003 sþIBIkarCMnMuCRmHCnEdl)anRbRBwtþbT]RkidækñúgkMLúgrbbkm<úCaRbCaFibetyüRsbeTAtamc,ab;km<úCa. ÉksarG>s>b A/RES/57/228B ¬2003¦ 13 ]sPa 2003 {dMeNIrkþI ExμrRkhm} ]bsm<½n§. 26 c,ab;sþIBIkarbegáItGgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØenAkñúgRbB½n§tulakarkm<úCa edIm,ICMnMuCRmHbT]RkidæEdlRtUv)anRbRBwtþkñúg kMLúgrbbkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü Gnum½tedayrdæsPaenAéf¶TI2 mkra 2001 ehIyRtUv)anRBwT§sPapþl;karyl;RBm enAéf¶TI15 mkra 2001. c,ab;enHRtUv)anRbkas[eRbIeday RBHraCRkmelx ns rkm 0801¼12 cuHéf¶TI10 sIha 2001. 27 c,ab;EkERbmaRta2/ 3/ 9/ 10/ 11/ 14/ 17/ 18/ 20/ 21/ 22/ 23/ 24/ 27/ 29/ 31/ 33/ 34/ 35/ 36/ 37/ 39/ 40/ 42/ 43/ 44/ 45/ 46/ 47 énc,ab;cuHéf¶TI10 sIha 2001. c,ab;enHRtUv)anGnum½teday rdæsPaenAéf¶TI5 tula 2004 RtUv)anRBwT§sPapþl;nUvkaryl; RBmTaMgRsugenAéf¶TI8 tula 2004 ehIyRtUv)anRbkas[eRbIedayRBHraCRkm ns rkm 1004¼006 cuHéf¶TI27 tula 2004.


35

dUcenH tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatiminmansmtßkic©CMnMuCRmHbT]Rkidæ EdlRtUv)anRbRBwtþeRkamrbb km<úCaRbCaFibetyüenHeT.

cMENkGgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØ RtUv)aneKkMNt;ya:gCak;lak;fa mansmtßkic©CMnMuCRmHEteTAelIbT ]RkidæEdlRtUv)anRbRBwtþkñúgkMLúgeBlBIéf¶TI17 emsa 1975 dl;éf¶TI6 mkra 1979 Etb:ueNÑaH ¬maRta 1 énkic©RBmeRBogrvagGgÁkarshRbCaCati nigraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa cuHéf¶TI6 mifuna 2003 maRta 1 nig maRta 2 énc,ab;cuHéf¶TI10 sIha 2001 EkERbenAéf¶TI27 tula 2004¦.

dUcenH smtßkic©Tak;Tgnwgsm½ykalénkarRbRBwtþbTelμ Is rvagtulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati nig GgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØmankarxusKñadac;RsLH. b:uEnþ eRkABIsmtßkic©Tak;Tgnwgsm½ykalénkarRbRBwtþbT el μ IsenH k¾enAmanPaBxusKñaCamUldæanrvagtulakarTaMgBIrenHpgEdr.

k> PaBdUcKñaénGgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØ nigtulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati

1- karkMNt;bTelμIs

karkMNt;bTelμ Isedayc,ab;cuHéf¶TI10 sIha 2001 EkERbenAéf¶TI27 tula 2004 cMlgesÞIr EtTaMgRsugtamlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um.

1>k> ]Rkidækm μRbl½yBUCsasn_

maRta 4 énc,ab;sþIBIkarbegáItGgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØ)an[niymn½ybTRbl½yBUCsasn_dUcteTA³

maRta4³ GgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØmansmtßkic©CMnMuCRmHral;CnsgS½yfa)anRbRBwtþbTRbl½yBUCsasn_ EdlmanEcgkñúgGnusBaØaqñaM1948 sþIBIkarbgáar nigkarpþnÞaeTasbT]Rkidækm μRbl½yBUCsasn_ ehIyEdl ]Rkidækm μenHRtUv)anRbRBwtþenAkñúgkMLúgBIéf¶TI17 emsa 1975 dl;éf¶TI6 mkra 1979.

bT]RkidæRbl½yBUCsasn_ KWCabTelμ IsK μanGaCJayukal ehIysMedAelIGMBINamYykñúgcMeNamGMeBI Edlerobrab;xageRkamenH kalebIGMeBIenH)anRbRBwtþkñúgeKalbMNgbMpøajTaMgmUl b¤ mYyEpñkénRkumCati CatiBn§ú BUCsasn_ b¤sasna³

-XatkmμelIsmaCikénRkum.


36

-karb:HBal;ya:gF¶n;F¶relIbUrNPaBxagrUbkay b¤stþibBaØarbs;smaCikénRkum. -kardak;[smaCikénRkumrs;enAkñúglkçx½NÐ EdlnaM[manvinasGnþrayTaMgRsug b¤ mYyEpñkén Rkum. -viFankarN_sMedAraraMgkMeNItTarkenAkñúgRkum. -CemøósedaybgçMnUvkumarBIRkummYyeTARkummYyepSgeTot. müa:geTot GMeBITaMgLaydUcerobrab;xageRkamenH k¾nwgRtUvpþnÞaeTasdUcGMeBIEdl)anerobrab;xag

elIEdr³ -karb:unb:gRbRBwtþGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_ -karsmKMnitkñúgkarRbRBwtiþGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_ -karcUlrYmkñúgkarRbRBwtþiGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_. } dUcenH niymn½yén]Rkidækm μRbl½yBUCsasn_ EdlEcgkñúgmaRta 4 cMlgesÞIrEtTaMgRsugtam

maRta 6 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um. niymn½yén]Rkidækm μRbl½yBUCsasn_enAkñúglkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmenH k¾yktam niymn½y EdlEcgkñúgGnusBaØaqñaM1948Edr.

maRta4 xagelI)anEcgGMBIkarpþnÞaeTaspgEdrcMeBaHkarb:unb:g karsmKMnit nigshcarIénbT Rbl½yBUCsasn_. k¾b:uEnþ c,ab;cuHéf¶TI10 sIha 2001 manPaBcenøaHRbehagCaglkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um eday mUlehtufa niymn½yénkarsmKMnitEdlmanEcgkñúgmaRta 29 énc,ab;Ex μrminmanlkçN³lMGit dUcmaRta 25 vaküx½NÐTI3 cMnuc x/ K nig g énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmenaHeT.

müa:gvijeTot c,ab;qñaM2001 min)aneFVIkarkMNt;[)anc,as;las;GMBIkarb:unb:g kar[éd nigkar RbRBwtþibTel μIsedayCnel μ IseRcInnak;enaHeT. pÞúymkvij maRta 25 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um)an[niymn½y ya:gc,as;nUvral;sBaØaNxagelIenH kñúgkfax½NÐTI3 cMnuc k/ X nig c. dUcKñaenHEdr maRta 4 énc,ab;qñaM 2001 min)anEcgGMBIbTel μ IsjúHjg;edaypÞal; nigCasaFarN³[RbRBwtþbTRbl½yBUCsasn_enaHeT EdlGMeBITaMgenHRtUv)anmaRta 25 vaküx½NÐTI3 cMnuc g kMNt;faCabTelμ IsmYydac;edayELk.

1>x> ]RkidækmμRbqaMgmnusSCati

c,ab;qñaM2001 EcgBIkarpþnÞaeTascMeBaHbT]RkidækmμRbqaMgmnusSCati enAkñúgmaRta 5. maRta enHEcgfa³


37

{maRta5³ GgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØmansmtßkic©CMnMuCRmHral;CnsgS½yfa)anRbRBwtþ]Rkidækm μRbqaMg mnusSCati kñúgkMLúgBIéf¶TI17 emsa 1975 dl;éf¶TI6 mkra 1979.

bT]RkidæRbqaMgmnusSCati KWCabTel μIsKμanGaCJayukal ehIysMedAelIGMBINamYykñúgcMeNamGMeBI Edlerobrab;xageRkamenH kalebIGMeBIenHRtUv)anRbRBwtþenAkñúgRkbx½NÐénkarvaylukCaTUeTA b¤ CaRbB½n§ sMedARbqaMgeTAelIRbCaCnsIuvil³

-Xatkmμ -karsmøab;regÁól -kareFVI[eTACaTaskmμ -karnireTs b¤ CemøósRbCaCnedaykarbgçM -kardak;Bn§naKar -kareFVITaruNkm μ -karcab;bgçMesBsn§v³ -kareFVITukçbukemñjelIRkum b¤smUhPaBedaymUlehtuneya)ay BUCGMbUr b¤sasna -RKb;GMeBIGmnusSFm’epSgeTot.} maRta 5 enH cMlgtamEpñkmYyénmaRta 7 kfax½NÐ1 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um28. müa:gniymn½yén

maRta5 EdlykKMrUtamlkçnþik³éntulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCatiénRbeTsr:Uva:n;da edayTamTarfa karvayluk CaTUeTARbqaMgnwgRbCaCnsIuvilRtUvEteFVIeLIg {kñúgehtuplCatisasn_ neya)ay CatiBn§ú BUCGMbUr b¤ sasna}. cMENkÉmaRta 7 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmvijTamTar[manlkçx½NÐEbbenHEtkñúgkrNIGMeBIeFVITukçbuk emñjb:ueNÑaH ¬kfax½NÐ1 vaküx½NÐ C¦.

müa:geTot kfax½NÐ2 énmaRta 5 énc,ab;Ex μrenH EcgBIGMeBImYycMnYn EdlGaccat;cUlfa CabT ]Rkidækm μRbqaMgmnusSCati dUcCakarsmøab;regÁól kareFVI[eTACaTaskr karCemøósedaybgçM kareFVITukçbuk emñj nigral;GMeBIGmnusSFm’epSgeTot Etmin)anbBa¢ak;GMBIGtßn½yénBaküTaMgenH TaMgenAkñúgmaRtaenH TaMgenAkñúgmaRtaepSgeToténc,ab;enH.

28 sMrab;GtßbTTaMgRsugénmaRta 7 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um sUmemIlenATMB½r58.


38

lkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmEcg)anc,as;las; niglMGitCagcMeBaHbBaðaTaMgenH. dUcCakarsmøab;regÁól kar eFVI[eTACaTaskr karCemøósedaybgçM kareFVITukçbukemñj RtUv)an[niymn½yya:gc,as;enAkñúg maRta 7 kfax½NÐ2 vaküx½NÐ x K X nigq. cMeBaHral;GMeBIGmnusSCatiepSgeTotRtUv)an[niymn½yfa ral; GMeBITaMgLayNa {Edlmanectnabgá[mankarrgeRKaHd¾FMeFg b¤ eRKaHfñak;d¾F¶n;F¶rdl;rUbkay b¤ dl;sux PaBxagbBaØasμartI b¤suxPaBxagrUbkay } ¬maRta 7 kfax½NÐ1 cMnuc d énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um¦. müa:geTot c,ab;qñaM2001min)an[niymn½ykareFVITaruNkmμdUckñúgmaRta7 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmenaHeLIy. edIm,IkMNt; bTel μ IsenH c,ab;qñaM2001 EbrCaeyageTAelImaRta 500 énc,ab;RBh μTNÐExμr qñaM1955 eTAvij ¬maRta 3 énc,ab;qñaM2001¦29.

maRta5 énc,ab;qñaM2001 min)anEcgGMBIbNþabTelμ IsmYycMnYnEdlmanEcgkñúgmaRta7 énlkçnþik³ TIRkugr:Um dUcCakar)at;xøÜnedaybgçM bTelμ IsTak;TgnwgpøÚvePTeRkABIkarrMelaP nigbTel μ Is Ga)a:eftCaedIm. bTel μ IsTaMgenHk¾minmanEcgkñúgmaRtaNamYyepSgeToténc,ab;enHEdr.

1>K> ]RkidækmμsRgÁam

edayeyageTAtammaRta 6 énc,ab;qñaM2001 bT]Rkidækm μsRgÁamGacRtUv)anpþnÞaeTaseday GgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØ. maRtaenHEcgfa³

{maRta6³ GgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØmansmtßkic©CMnMuCRmHnUvral;CnsgS½yfa)anRbRBwtþ b¤ bBa¢a[ RbRBwtþGMeBIrMelaPd¾F¶n;F¶rRbqaMgnwgbuKÁl b¤ RTBüsm,tþiEdlkarBaredayGnusBaØaRkughSWENvcuHéf¶TI12 sIha qñaM1948 ehIyEdlGMeBITaMgenHRtUv)anRbRBwtþeLIgkñúgkMLúgBIéf¶TI17 emsa qñaM1975 dl;éf¶TI6 mkra qñaM1979. GMeBITaMgenaHrYmman³

-Xatkmμ -TaruNkmμ b¤RKb;RbRBwtþkm μGmnusSFm’ -GMeBIbgáedayectnanUvkarQWcab; b¤Edlb:HBal;ya:gF¶n;F¶rdl;bUrNPaBbuKÁl b¤ dl;suxPaB -karbMpøaj b¤ kareFVI[xUcxatya:gF¶n;F¶rdl;RTBüsm,tþi edayKμanehtuplsmrmüxageyaFa nig RbRBwtþeLIgedayxusc,ab; nigtamTMenIgcitþ

29 cMeBaHkareRbobeFobrvagmaRta 500 énRkmRBhμTNÐExμrqñaM1955 nigniymn½yénkareFVITaruNkmμ Edl)ankMNt;edaymaRta 7 énlkçnþik³ TIRkugr:Um sUmemIlTMB½r 64.


39

-GMeBIbgçM[eQøIyswk b¤CnsIuvil[beRmIkñúgkgkMlaMgRbdab;GavuFrbs;rdæEdlCasRtUv -GMeBIdkhUtsiT§irbs;eQøIyswk b¤ CnsIuvilkñúgkarTTYlkarvinicä½yedayRtwmRtUv nig\tlMeGog -karCemøós karbBa¢Ún b¤karXMuXaMgedayxusc,ab; -karcab;CnsIuvilCacMNab;xμaMg. } maRtaenHcMlgtammaRta8 kfax½NÐ1 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um k¾b:uEnþmin)ancMlgtamTaMgRsugenaHeT.

tamBitmaRta 8 kfax½NÐ2 vaküx½NÐ X énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmeFVIkarbBa©ÚlTMenomTMlab;GnþrCati Tak;TgnwgbT]Rkidækm μsRgÁam. maRtaenHEcgBIGMeBImYycMnYn EdlRtUv)ankMNt;faCa]Rkidækm μsRgÁam EdlkarEcgEbbenHminRtUv)aneFVIeLIgeTenAkñúgc,ab;sþIBIkarbegáItGgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØ.

2- karKμanGaCJayukalénbTelμ Is

edayykKMrUtammaRta 29 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um maRta 4 nigmaRta 5 énc,ab;qñaM2001 Ecgfa bT]Rkidækm μRbl½yBUCsasn_ nigbT]Rkidækm μRbqaMgmnusSCatiminmanGaCJayukaleT. k¾b:uEnþ xusBI maRta 29 c,ab;qñaM2001enHmin)anEcgBIkarK μanGaCJayukalénbT]Rkidækm μsRgÁamenaHeT.

x> lkçN³xusKñarvagGgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØ nigtulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati

1- kardak;bBa©ÚlGgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØeTAkñúgRbB½n§yutþiFm’km<úCa

ebIeTaHbICaGgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØmanlkçN³Biess edaymankarcUlrYmBIecARkmGnþrCati k¾b:uEnþ GgÁCMnMuCRmHenHsßitkñúgRbB½n§yutþiFm’CatiEx μr edayehtufa cMnYnecARkmEx μrmaneRcInCagecARkmGnþrCati.

müa:geTot eTaHbICamaRta 12 énkic©RBmeRBogcuHéf¶TI6 mifuna 2003 nigmaRta 33 énc,ab; qñaM2001 )anEcgBIeKalkarN_]tþmPaBénsþg;daGnþrCatielInItiviFIépÞkñúgénGgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØk¾eday k¾ eKenAEtmanmnÞilsgS½yEdrfa sþg;daGnþrCatienHnwgminRtUv)anGnuvtþedayeBjeljenaHeT edayehtufa ecARkmkm<úCaminmanbTBiesaFn_RKb;RKan;kñúgerOgenH30 RBmTaMgxVHnUvPaBÉkraCü nigGBüaRkwtü31. 30 RbB½n§yutþiFm’km<úCabc©úb,nñenHkMBugEtCYbnUvkgVHxatEpñkFnFanmnusS EdlbgáeLIgedayrbbExμrRkhm. salaPUminÞecARkmeTIbEt)anbegáIt eLIgenAqñaM2002b:ueNÑaH. 31 elak PIF½r LWeRbc GtIttMNagBiessrbs;elakGKÁelxaFikarGgÁkarshRbCaCatiTTYlbnÞúkEpñksiT§imnusS enAkm<úCa)anelIkeLIgnUvkarxVH ÉkraCüPaB nigGBüaRkwtüPaBénRbB½n§yutþiFm’km<úCa RBmTaMg)anelIkeLIgfa ecARkmExμrmankarBak;B½n§nwgerOgneya)ay³ {enAkñúgry³kal 10qñaM


40

smtßkic©tamkal énGgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØ nig tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatiRtUv)anEbgEckKñadac; RsLH32. dUcenH ebIeTaHbICaGgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØenHminmansmtßPaBkñúgkarGnuvtþn_nUvsmtßkic©rbs;xøÜn k¾eday k¾tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatiminmansmtßkic©CMnMuCRmHbT]RkidæTaMgLay Edlsßitkñúgsmtßkic©én GgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØenH tamkarEcgrbs;maRta7 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmEdr ¬sUmemIleKalkarN_énkar bMeBjbEnßm¦.

2- GFibetyüPaBénGgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØ nigeKalkarN_énkarbMeBjbEnßmrbs;tula karRBh μTNÐGnþrCati

GgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØ KWCasßab½nEtmYyKt;Edlmansmtßkic©CMnMuCRmHbT]RkidæEdlRtUv)anRbRBwtþ kñúgkMLúgrbbkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü. ebIeyagtamc,ab;Ex μrbc©úb,nñ minmansßab½ntulakarNamYyénRbB½n§ yutþiFm’km<úCa mansmtßkic©kñúgkarCMnMuCRmHbT]RkidækmμRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]RkidækmμRbqaMgmnusSCati nig ]Rkidækm μsRgÁameT. GaCJayukalbTelμ IsmYycMnYnénnItirYmRtUv)anBnüareBlrhUtdl;30qñaM edIm,IbMeBj tamtMrUvkarénkarCMnMuCRmHRkumExμrRkhm ¬maRta 3 énc,ab;qñaM2001¦.

kñúgdMeNIrkarénkarpþnÞaeTasbT]RkidæxagelIenH lkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmmankarEcgxusBIenH eBalKW eKarBtameKalkarN_énkarbMeBjbEnßm. dUcenH kñúgkrNITUeTA rdæCaGñkmansmtßkic©kñúgkarCMnMuCRmHelI ral;bT]RkidæEdlmanEcgkñúgmaRta 5 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um. buBVkfa vaküx½NÐ10 énlkçnþik³enHEcgfa³

{tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati ¬>>>¦RtUvCakarbEnßmelIyutþaFikarRBh μTNÐCati}

maRta 1 Ecgfa³

{tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati ¬>>>¦ RtUvCakarbEnßmelIyutþaFikarRBh μT½NÐCati}

dUecñH manEtkñúgkrNIEdlrdæBak;B½n§minmanlT§PaB b¤minmanqnÞ³kñúgkarCMnMuCRmHerOgenHeT eTIb tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatimansmtßkic© edayeyageTAelImaRta 17³ cugeRkayenH GMNacnItiRbtibtþienAEtbnþ RKb;RKgGMNactulakar nigsßab½nyutþaFikarepSg²mYycMnYneTot¬>>>¦. ]bsKÁcMbgkñúgkarbegáIt[man RbB½n§yutþiFm’ÉkraCüKWedaysarEtRKb;sßab½nyutþiFm’TaMgGs;dMeNIrkardUcCaEpñkmYyénnItiRbtibtþi. dMeNIrkarEbbenHRtUv)aneK Rbkan;ykkñúgkMLúg rbbRKb;RKgnaTsvtSr_TI80 ehIyRtUv)ancak;b£sya:geRCAkñúgsgÁmExμrnasm½ybc©úb,nñenH } . ¬r)aykarN_rbs;elak PIF½r LWeRbc tMNagBiess énGKÁelxaFikarGgÁkarshRbCaCati sþIBI sßanPaBsiT§imnusSenAkm<úCa cuHéf¶TI20 FñÚ 2004/ E/CN.4/2005/116 kfax½NÐTI21¦ 32 sUmemIlTMB½rTI 35.


41

{1> eyagtamkfax½NÐTI10 énbuBVkfa nigmaRta 1 tulakarRtUvkMNt;fa krNImYyminGacTTYl yk)aneTebI³

¬k¦ krNIenHRtUv)anesIubGegát b¤ naMykmkCMnMuCRmHedayrdæEdlmanyutþaFikarelIkrNIenaHrYc ehIy elIkElgEtrdæenaHKμanqnÞ³ b¤ KμanlT§PaBGnuvtþkaresIubGegát b¤ karnaMykmkCMnMuCRmHedayBit R)akd.

¬x¦krNIenHRtUv)anesIubGegátedayrdæ EdlmanyutþaFikarelIkrNIenaHehIy ehIyrdæenaH)an seRmcminnaMykCnBak;B½n§enaHmkCMnMuCRmHeT elIkElgEtesckIþseRmcenaHekItecjBIlT§plénPaBKμan qnÞ³ b¤ GlT§PaBrbs;rdæenaHkñúgkarnaMykmkCMnMuCRmHedayBitR)akd.

¬K¦ CnBak;B½n§RtUv)anCMnMuCRmHcMeBaHGMeBIEdlCakm μvtßúénBakübNþwgenaHrYcehIy ehIykarCMnMu CRmHedaytulakarminRtUv)anGnuBaØat[tam kfax½NÐTI3 énmaRta 20 eT33.

¬X¦ krNIenaHminF¶n;F¶rRKb;RKan;lμmsRmab;eFVIyutþikm μskmμPaBbnþeTotedaytulakar.}

tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatimansmtßkic©EtkñúgkrNIEdlrdæminmanqnÞ³ b¤ minmanlT§PaBkñúgkar esIubGegát nigCMnMuCRmH]RkidæCnEtb:ueNÑaH.

eyagtammaRta 17 kfax½NÐ2 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um karKμanqnÞ³sMedAelIsþg;daénnItiGnþrCati Tak;Tg CaGaT× nwgkarFana[mankarCMnMuCRmHRbkbedaysmFm’. karxVHxatqnÞ³kñúgkarCMnMuCRmHGacekIt eLIgkñúgkrNIEdlmannItiviFIkñúgkarCMnMuCRmHyUrhYsehtu b¤ xVHPaBÉkraCü nigGBüaRkwtü ¬vakü x½NÐx nig K¦.

33 maRta20 kfax½NÐ3 Ecgfa³ KμanCnNamñak;EdlRtUv)anCMnMuCRmHedaytulakarmYyepSgeTotcMeBaHkarRbRBwtþi Edl)anBiBN’napgEdrenAkñúg maRta6/ 7 b¤ 8 RtUvCMnMuCRmHedaytulakarTak;TgeTAelIkarRbRBwtþidUcKñaEtmYyeT elIkElgEtdMeNIrkarTaMgLayenAkñúgtulakarmYyepSgeTotenaH³

¬k¦ RtUv)aneFVIeLIgsMrab;eKalbMNglak;kM)aMgCnEdlBak;B½n§BIkarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBhμTNÐ sMrab;bTelμ IsEdlsßitenAkñúgyutþaFi karéntulakarenaH b¤ ¬x¦ ebImindUecñaHeT RtUv)aneFVIeLIgedayK μanÉkraCü b¤ edayKμanPaB\tlMeGog RsbtambTdæanén dMeNIrkarRtwmRtUvtamc,ab;Edl TTYlsÁal;edayc,ab;GnþrCati ehIyRtUv)aneFVIeLIgtamrebobmYyEdl kñúgkal³eTs³nana minRsbtamectnanaMxøÜnCn EdlBak;B½n§enaH mkrkyutþiFm’.


42

GsmtßPaBRtUv)aneK[niymn½ykñúglkçnþik³TIRkugr:Umfa ekIteLIgedaysarkardYlrlMTaMgRsug b¤ Casarv½nþénRbB½n§yutþiFm’Cati b¤mYy edaysarkgVHxatnUvsmtßPaBkñúgkarcat;kartamnItiviFIeGay)aneBj eljkñúgkarCMnMuCRmHbT]RkidæEdlmanEcgkñúglkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um ¬maRta 17 kfax½NÐ3¦.

müa:gvijeTot ebIeTaHbICa]RkidæCnNamYyRtUv)ankat;eTasedaysßab½nyutþaFikarCaticMeBaHbT ]RkidæEdlmanEcgkñúgmaRta 5 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmrYcehIyk¾eday k¾tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatiGacesIerI ykerOgenHmkCMnMuCRmHeLIgvij)anEdr RbsinebItulakarenHrkeXIjfa dMeNIrkarénnItiviFIeFVIeLIgeday tulakarCati minRtUv)aneFVIeLIgRtwmRtUvtamnItiGnþrCati ¬maRta 20 kfax½NÐ3¦.

3- kardak;EdnkMNt;cMeBaHCnEdlGacRtUv)anecaTRbkan;edayGgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØ

c,ab;qñaM2001 )ankMNt;fa GgÁCMnMuCRmHGaceFVIkarecaTRbkan; nigCMnMuCRmHEtcMeBaH {GtItem dwknaM Can;x<s;énrbbkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü nigCnTaMgLayepSgeTotEdlmankarTTYlxusRtUvfñak;x<s; kñúgrbbenH} b:ueNÑaH ¬maRta2¦. karkMNt;EbbenHRtUv)aneFVIeLIgkñúgeKalbMNgeCosvagmin[manGesßrPaBneya)ay kñúgRbeTskm<úCa.

pÞúyeTAvij lkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmminmanEcgnUvEdnkMNt;cMeBaHCnEdlGacRtUv)anecaTRbkan; nigCMnMu CRmHedaytulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatieT elIkElgEtcMeBaHCnEdlmanGayueRkam18qñaM kñúgeBlEdlxøÜn RbRBwtþbTel μ Is ¬maRta 26¦. eRkABIenH tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatimansmtßkic©eFVIkarecaTRbkan; nig CMnMuCRmHelIRKb;CnTaMgLayNa Edl)anRbRBwtþbT]Rkidæ EdlCasmtßkic©rbs;tulakar eTaHbICnenaHCa carIpÞal; b¤ CashcarI CaCnsmKMnit b¤ k¾mankarb:unb:gRbRBwtþbT]RkidæenHk¾eday ¬maRta 25 én lkçnik³Rkugr:Um¦34.

karTTYlxusRtUvEpñkRBhμTNÐénembBa¢akarkgT½B b¤ CnTaMgLayEdlGnuvtþmuxgarCabBa¢akar kgT½B k¾GacRtUv)anecaTRbkan; nigCMnMuCRmHedaytulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatiEdr ¬maRta 28 énlkçnþik³ Rkugr:Um¦35.

34 sUmemIlTMB½rTI 53. 35 sUmemIlEpñkTI4 CMBUkTI3.


43

minmanGP½yÉksiT§i EdlTak;Tgnwgsm,TarpøÚvkarénCnsgS½y EdlGacRtUv)anelIkeLIgenA cMeBaHtulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati edIm,I[)anrYcputBIkarecaTRbkan;enaHeLIy ebIeTaHbICnenaHCaRbmuxrdæ RbmuxrdæaPi)al GñktMNagraRsþ b¤ Pñak;garrdæepSgeTotk¾eday. elIsBIenHeTAeTot minmanGP½yÉk siT§iTak;Tgnwgsm,TarpøÚvkarénbuKÁlNamñak; kñúgnItiCati b¤ nItiGnþrCati GacRtUv)anelIkeLIgCa]bsKÁ kñúgkarGnuvtþsmtßkic©rbs;tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati)aneLIy ¬maRta 25 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um¦36.

viFanEdl)anEcgkñúglkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmenH bgðajnUvPaBxusKñadac;RsLHrvagtulakarRBh μTNÐGnþr Cati nigGgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØkm<úCa.

FIDH sUmeFVIkarkt;sMKal; nigrMlwkfa³

GgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØénkm<úCa Edlmansmtßkic©kñúgkarCMnMuCRmHbT]RkidæEdlRtUv)anRbRBwtþkñúgkMLúgrbb km<úCaRbCaFibetyü nigtulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatimankarxusKñaya:gxøaMg. GgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØkm<úCa RtUv )anbegáIteLIgkñúgeKalbMNgbBa©b;nUvniTNÐPaBénCn Edl)anRbRBwtþbT]RkidæGnþrCatienAkñúgGtItkal cMENkÉtulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCativijmaneKalbMNgkñúgkarpþnÞaeTasnUvral;bT]RkidæGnþrCati EdlRtUv)an RbRBwtþeRkayBIkarcUlCaFrmanénlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um.

36 sUmemIlTMB½rTI53.


44

EpñkTI3³ karbBa©Úlniymn½yénbT]RkidæEdlmanEcgkñúglkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmeTAkñúg nItikm<úCa

esckIþepþIm maRta5 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmEcgfa manbT]RkidæcMnYn4 EdlCasmtßkic©rbs;tulakar]Rkidækm μGnþr

Cati. ]RkidækmμTaMg4enaHrYmman ]Rkidækm μRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]RkidækmμRbqaMgmnusSCati ]Rkidækm μsRgÁam nig ]Rkidækm μQøanBan.

enAeBltak;Etglkçnþik³enH rdæEdlcUlrYmtak;Etgyl;eXIjfa edayeyagelIsßanPaBneya)ay GnþrCatibc©úb,nñ karbBa©ÚlbT]RkidækmμQøaneTAkñúgsmtßkic©rbs;tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatimansar³sMxan; Nas;. k¾b:uEnþ rdæTaMgenaHminGacRBmeRBogKñakñúgkar[niymn½yelIbT]Rkidækm μenH RBmTaMglkçx½NÐkñúg karGnuvtþsmtßkic©rbs;tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCaticMeBaHbT]RkidæenHeT. bc©úb,nñenH karCECkBiPakSaKñaRtUv )aneFVIeLIgkñúgsnñi)aténrdæhtßelxIénlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um edIm,IQaneTArkkarRBmeRBogKñamYyelIniymn½y rYménbT]RkidæQøanBanenH ehIydak;CUnrdæhtßelxIGnum½tenAkñúgsnñisITmYyEdlnwgRtUverobcMeLIgenAqñaM 2009 edIm,IesIerIeLIgvijnUvlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um ¬maRta 5 kfax½NÐ2/ 121 nig123 énlkçnþik³Ecgfa snñisITEbbenHnwgRtUverobcMeFIVeLIgkñúgry³eBl7qñaM eRkayBIkarcUlCaFrmanénlkçnþik³¦.

lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Ummin)antMrUv[rdæhtßelxITTYlsÁal;bT]RkidæTaMg4xagelI kñúgnItikm μCatirbs;xøÜn eT. k¾b:uEnþ karGnuvtþkatBVkic©rbs;rdæhtßelxIcMeBaHtulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati kñúgRkbx½NÐeKalkarN_ én karbMeBjbEnßm EdlEcgkñúgmaRta1 énlkçnþik³enH kMNt;[rdæhtßelxIRtUvEtkMNt;nUvniymn½yénbT ]RkidæTaMgenHenAkñúgc,ab;Catirbs;xøÜn RBmTaMgshkarCamYytulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCatikñúgkarpþnÞaeTasbT ]RkidæTaMgenHeTotpg37.

eRkABIkrNIGtItemdwknaMEx μrRkhm km<úCamin)ankMNt; enAkñúgc,ab;RBhμTNÐTUeTArbs;xøÜn GMBI bT]Rkidækm μTaMgbYnxagelIenHeT. TaMgRkmRBh μTNÐqñaM1955 nigc,ab;RBhμTNÐGnþrkalmin)ankMNt;[ )anc,as;las;GMBIkarpþnÞaeTasbT]RkidæTaMgenHeT.

37 sUmemIlEpñkTI3 nig EpñkTI5 .


45

dUcenH GaCJaFrkm<úCaRtUvEtbBa©ÚlkñúgnItiviC¢manrbs;xøÜnnUvniymn½yénbT]RkidæTaMgbYn Edlman Ecgkñúglkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um edIm,I[tulakarkm<úCamansmtßkic©kñúgkarpþnÞaeTasCn]RkidæénbTelμ IsTaMgbYn enH. RbsinebImindUecñaHeT tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCatinwgkøayeTACasßab½nyutþaFikarEtmYyKt;Edlman smtßkic©kñúgkarCMnMuCRmHbT]RkidæTaMgbYnxagelI ehIykm<úCaminGacelIkeLIgnUv]tþmPaBénsmtßkic©rbs; xøÜnelIsmtßkic©rbs;tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati)aneLIy.

edayemIleXIjnUvPaBcenøaHRbehagenH raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa)ancab;epþImeFVIkMENTMrg;ya:gsIuCMerA elIRbB½n§yutþiFm’rbs;xøÜn. esckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ ImYyRtUv)aneKkMBugeFVIkarsikSa nigGacnwgdak;CUnGgÁ nItibBaØtþieFVIkarGnum½tkñúgeBlqab;²xagmuxenH. enAkñúgesckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ IenH bT]RkidæTaMgbYn EdlmanEcgkñúglkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmRtUv)an[niymn½y nigkMNt;nUveTasT½NÐcMeBaHCnEdl)anRbRBwtþ.

CMBUkTI1³ bT]RkidækmμRbl½yBUCsasn_

]RkidækmμRbl½yBUCsasn_RtUv)an[niymn½y CaelIkdMbUg enAkñúgGnusBaØasþIBIkarbgáar nigkar pþnÞaeTasbTRbl½yBUCsasn_. eRkayBIsRgÁamelakelIkTI2 RtUv)anbBa©b; shKmn_GnþrCatiyl; eXIjfa CnEdlRbRBwtþbTRbl½yBUCsasn_caM)ac;RtUvEtTTYlnUvkarpþnÞaeTas k¾b:uEnþminmantulakar RBh μTNÐGnþrCati CaGciéRnþy_NamYy RtUv)anbegáIteLIgeLIy. RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa)anyklixitUb krN_énkarpþl;sc©ab½ndl;GnusBaØaenHeTAdMkl;enAGKÁelxaFikardæanénGgÁkarshRbCaCati naéf¶TI14 tula 1950.

niymn½yénbTRbl½yBUCsasn_RtUv)anEcgkñúgmaRta 6 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um edayykTaMgRsug tamniymn½yEdl)anEcgkñúgGnusBaØacuHéf¶TI9 FñÚ 1948. niymn½yenHk¾RtUv)anykeTAbBa©Úlkñúglkçnþik³ éntulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCatisMrab;RbeTsyUehÁasøavI nigRbeTsr:Uva:n;dapgEdr. maRta6 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um Ecgfa³

{maRta 6³ GMBIGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_


46

sRmab;eKalbMNgénc,ab;lkçnþik³enH Bakü {Rbl½yBUCsasn_} sMedAelIGMBINamYykñúgcMenam GMeBIEdlerobrab;xageRkamenH kalebIGMeBIenH)anRbRBwtþkñúgeKalbMNgbMpøajTaMgmUl b¤ mYyEpñkén RkumCati CatiBn§ú BUCsasn_ b¤ sasna³

¬k¦ Xatkm μelIsmaCikénRkum ¬x¦ karb:HBal;ya:gF¶n;F¶relIbUrNPaBxagrUbkay b¤ stþibBaØarbs;smaCikénRkum ¬K¦ kardak;[smaCikénRkumrs;enAkñúglkçx½NÐ EdlnaM[manvinasGnþrayTaMgRsug b¤mYyEpñk

énRkum ¬X¦ viFankarN_sMedAraraMgkMeNItTarkenAkñúgRkum ¬g¦ CemøósedaybgçMnUvkumarBIRkummYyeTARkummYyepSgeTot ¬x¦ karbgár[mankarrgeRKaHfñak;dl;rUbkay Gñktak;Etglkçnþik³TIRkugr:Umk¾)anbBa©ÚleKalkarN_énkarpþnÞaeTascMeBaHkarjúHjg; edaypÞal;

nigCasaFarN³eGayRbRBwtþbTRbl½yBUCsasn_ EdlRtUv)anEcgkñúgmaRta 3 énGnusBaØaqñaM1948. maRta 25 kfax½NÐ3 vaküx½NÐ g énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmEcgfa³

{Rsbtamlkçnþik³enH nwgRtUvTTYlxusRtUv nigTTYlTNÐkmμCalkçN³buKÁlcMeBaHbTelμ Is Edl sßitenAkñúgyutþaFikartulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati CnEdl³

¬g¦ júHjg;Gñkd¾éTedaypÞal; nigCasaFarN³[RbRBwtþGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_}

eKalkarN_xagelIenHRtUv)aneKGnuvtþCaelIkdMbUgenAkñúgdMeNIrkþIkat;eTas]RkidæCnNasIu eday tulakareyaFa Nuremberg enAqñaM 1945. bTjúHjg;enHRtUv)anbegáIteLIgeRkamrUbPaBCa]Rkidækmμ RbqaMgmnusSCati edIm,Ikat;eTas Julius Streicher Edl)ansresrGtßbTCaeRcInmann½yRbqaMgeTAnwgCn CatiCVIhV. bIqñaMeRkaymk GnusBaØaqñaM1948 Ecgfa bTjúHjg;edaypÞal; nigCasaFarN³eGayRbRBwtþ GMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_nwgRtUvpþnÞaeTasdUcCakarRbRBwtþi karsmKMnit kareGayéd nigkarb:unb:gRbRBwtþbT Rbl½yBUCsasn_Edr. eKalkarN_dEdlenHRtUv)aneKykeTAbBa©Úlkñúglkçnþik³éntulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati sMrab;RbeTsyUehÁasøavI nigRbeTsr:Uva:n;da. esckIþsMercmYycMnYnrbs;tulakarTaMgBIrenHRtUv)aneFVIeLIg


47

edayepþatCasMxan;elIkarjúHjg;eGayRbRBwtþbTRbl½yBUCsasn_38. eRkABIenH manyutþisaRsþCaeRcIn EdlmanCMhrdUcKña Tak;Tgnwgniymn½yénbTjúHjg;xagelIenH. enHbBa¢ak;fa {karcUlrYmRbRBwtþbTel μ Is} enHkøayeTACabTel μ IsmYydac;edayELkBIbTelμ IsedIm39.

k> bTRbl½yBUCsasn _

dUcEdl)anCMrabCUnxagelIrYcmkehIyfa bTRbl½yBUCsasn_minRtUv)anEcgkñúgnItiviC¢manExμreT. esckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ ImaneKaledAbMeBjnUvkgVHxatenH eday)an[niymn½ybTRbl½yBUCsasn_Edl mann½ydUcKñaTaMgRsugeTAnwgmaRta 6 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um.

1- nItiviC¢man

fVIebI nItiRBhμTNÐTUeTAénRbeTskm<úCaTTYlsÁal;fa manbT]RkidæRbl½yBUCsasn_ EtkñúgkrNI GtItemdwknaMExμrRkhm EtmankarEcgmYycMnYnenAkñúgnItiRBhμTNÐEx μr EdlGac[yutþaFikarénnItirYmelIk ykmkeFVICaGMNHGMNagkñúgkarpþnÞaeTasCnsgS½yBIbTRbl½yBUCsasn_.

manmUldæanKtiyutþBIrEdlGac[tulakarelIkykmkeFVICaGMNHGMNag)an KWc,ab;RBhμTNÐGnþr kalcuHéf¶TI10 kBaØa 1992 nigRkmRBh μTNÐqñaM1955. c,ab;TaMgBIrenHrYmKñabegáItCanItiviC¢man Epñk RBh μTNÐénRbeTskm<úCa elIkElgEtkñúgkrNIEdl)anerobrab;xagelI40.

GtßbTTaMgBIrenHEcgGMBIGMeBImYycMnYnEdlGackMNt;faCabTRbl½yBUCsasn_. ]TahrN_ TaMg c,ab;RBh μTNÐGnþrkal nigRkmRBh μTNÐqñaM1955 kMNt;faCabTelμ Is GMeBImYycMnYndUcCa mnusSXat mnusSXatedayectna kareFVITaruNkmμ karrMelaP b¤ karrMelaPbMBanelIbUrNPaBragkayénbuKÁlCaedIm.

c,ab;RBhμTNÐGnþrkalEcgBIbTelμ IsmYycMnYndUcCa XatkmμedayKitTukCamun ¬maRta 31¦ GMeBI mnusSXatedayectna ¬maRta 32¦ bTrMelaPesBVsnßv³ ¬maRta 33¦. enAkñúgRkmRBh μTNÐqñaM 1955 38 tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCatisMrab;RbeTsrVa:n;da/ sMNMuerOgTak;Tgnwgelak Georges Ruggiu, elx ICTR-97-32-I salRkmcuHéf¶TI1 mifuna 2000 ehIyRtUv)ansala]T§rtMkl;TukCa)ankar. tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCatisMrab;RbeTsr:Uva:n;da sMNMuerOgTak;Tgnwgelak Ferdinand Nahimana, Hassan

Ngeze nig Jean-Bosco Barayagwiza, elx ICTR-99-52-T/ salRkmcuHéf¶TI3 FñÚ 2003 ehIysBVéf¶kMBugcat;karedaysala]T§rN_. 39 tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatisMrab;RbeTsrVa:n;da sMNMuerOg Akayesu TMB½rTI148³ {karjúHjg;KWCakarcUlrYmkñúgkar RbRBwtþibTel μ IsKWCabTelμ IsEdlnwgRtUvTTYlkarpþnÞaeTas }. 40 sUmemIlEpñkTI2 CMBUkTI1.


48

EcgBIbTel μ IsepSgeTotdUcCa kareFVITaruNkm μ ¬maRta 500¦ nigbTel μIsRbqaMgnwgsasna dUcCakareFVI XatRBHsgÇCaedIm ¬maRta 209 dl;218¦. edaysarkarEcgTaMgenHminpÞúynwg {s μartIénrdæFmμnuBaØ} dUcenHkarEcgTaMgenHmantMélCac,ab;Frman ¬maRta 158 énrdæFm μnuBaØ¦. minEtb:ueNÑaH vaEfmTaMgCYy BRgwgkarGnuvtþn_rdæFm μnuBaØ edayFananUvesrIPaBxagCMenOsasnaRsbeTAnwgmaRta 43 énrdæFm μnuBaØ RBm TaMgpþnÞaeTasral;GMeBIeFVITaruNkmμ EdlRsbnwgmaRta 38 énrdæFm μnuBaØ.

kMriteTasF¶n;bMputénbTelμ IsTaMgenH KWkarCab;Bn§naKarGs;mYyCIvit RsbeTAnwgkarEcgkñúg maRta 77 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um.

fVIt,itEtkarEcgTaMgb:unμanxagelImin)anRKbdNþb;elIbTRbl½yBUCsasn_TaMgmUl EtvaCamUldæan KtiyutþmYyEdlGacRtUv)aneKykmksMGagedIm,IpþnÞaeTas]RkidæCnRbl½yBUCsasn_. c,ab;qñaM 2001 sþIBI karbegáItGgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØ edIm,Ikat;eTasGtItemdwknaMénkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü k¾)anelIkykmaRtaxag elImkeFVICamUldæankñúgkarkat;eTasCnTaMgLayNa Edl)anRbRBwtþbT]RkidæEdlmanlkçN³TUeTA nigman lkçN³CaRbB½n§.

CaTUeTA fVIebIc,ab;RBhμTNÐGnþrkal nigRkmRBh μTNÐqñaM1955 )anEcgBIbTelμ IsmYycMnYndUcCa mnusSXat kareFVITaruNkmμ karrMelaP karlYc nigkarbMpøicbMpøajCaedIm EtkarEcgenHminTan;RKb;RKan; sMrab;kMNt;nUvlkçN³BiessénbTRbl½yBUCsasn_enAeLIyeT.

eyagtammaRta 2 énGnusBaØasþIBIkarbgáar nigkarpþnÞaeTasbTRbl½yBUCsasn_ nigmaRta 6 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um ]RkidækmμRbl½yBUCsasn_ KWCaGMeBITaMgLayNaEdlRtUv)anRbRBwtþeLIgkñúgectna bMpøajTaMgRsug b¤ mYyEpñkénmnusSmYyRkum edayehtuplxagCati CatiBn§ú BUCsasn_ b¤ xagsasna. nItiRBhμTNÐénRbeTskm<úCabc©úb,nñefVIebImanEcgGMBIbTel μIsEdlRtUv)anRbRBwtþeLIgedaybuKÁl nig GMeBI nImYy²EdlGacpSMCabTRbl½yBUCsasn_ Etmin)anEcg[)anc,as;GMBIbTRbl½yBUCsasn_TaMgmUlenaH eT. müa:geTot c,ab;RBh μTNÐkm<úCak¾min)anEcgGMBIFatupSMGtþenam½ténbTel μ IsRbl½yBUCsasn_ dUcEdl manEcgkñúg maRta 6 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmenaHeT.

niymn½yén]Rkidækm μRbl½yBUCsasn_kñúgesckIþRBag RkmRBh μTNÐkm<úCa maRta km2111-1

bT]RkidæRbl½yBUCsasn_ KWCaGMBINamYy

niymn½yén]Rkidækm μRbl½yBUCsasn_kñúg lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um maRta 6

kñúgeKalbMNgénlkçnþik³enH bT]Rkidæ


49

kñúgcMenamGMeBIEdlerobrab;xageRkamenH kalebIGMeBI enH)anRbRBwtþkñúgeKalbMNgbMpøajTaMgmUl b¤ mYy EpñkénRkum³

-Cati -CatiBn§ú -BUCsasn_ -sasna GMeBITaMgenaHrYmman³ -XatkmμelIsmaCikénRkum. -karb:HBal;ya:gF¶n;F¶relIbUrNPaB

xagrUbkay b¤stþibBaØarbs;smaCikénRkum. -kardak;[smaCikénRkumrs;enAkñúg

lkçx½NÐEdlnaM[manvinasGnþrayTaMgRsug b¤mYyEpñkénRkum.

-viFankarN_sMedAraraMgkMeNItTark enAkñúgRkum.

-CemøósedaybgçMnUvkumarBIRkummYy eTARkummYyepSgeTot.

Rbl½yBUCsasn_ KWCaGMBINamYykñúgcMenamGMeBI Edlerobrab;xageRkamenH kalebIGMeBIenH)an RbRBwtþkñúgeKalbMNgbMpøajTaMgmUl b¤ mYyEpñk énRkum³

-Cati -CatiBn§ú -BUCsasn_ -sasna GMeBITaMgenaHrYmman³ -Xatkm μelIsmaCikénRkum. -karb:HBal;ya:gF¶n;F¶relIbUrNPaB

xagrUbkay b¤stþibBaØarbs;smaCikénRkum. -kardak;[smaCikénRkumrs;enAkñúg

lkçx½NÐ EdlnaM[manvinasGnþrayTaMgRsug b¤mYy EpñkénRkum.

-viFankarN_sMedAraraMgkMeNItTark enAkñúgRkum.

-CemøósedaybgçMnUvkumarBIRkummYy eTARkummYyepSgeTot.

müa:geTot eyIgk¾sUmrMlwkGMBIPaBminc,as;las;cMeBaHkarGnuvtþn_RkmRBh μTNÐqñaM1955 eday sarEtmankarbkRsayedayK μanmUldæanRKb;RKan;elImaRta 158 énrdæFmμnuBaØkm<úCa41. dUcenHGñk tMNagraRsþkm<úCamankatBVkic©kñúgkarbBa©ÚlFatupSMGtþenam½ténbT]RkidæRbl½yBUCsasn_eTAkñúgc,ab; Cati dUcEdlmanEcgkñúgmaRta 6 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um.

41 sUmemIlEpñkTI2 CMBUkTI1


50

2- c,ab;EdlkMBugRtUv)aneFVIkarsikSa

esckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ IEx μr EdlraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCakMBugeFVIkarsikSa )an[niymn½yelIbT ]RkidæRbl½yBUCsasn_kñúgmaRta km 2111-1. niymn½yenHdUcKñaTaMgRsugeTAnwgniymn½y Edl)an [kñúgmaRta 6 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um.

Gñktak;EtgesckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ IenH)aneFVIkarGtßaFib,ayelImaRta km 2111-1 Edlsßit kñúg KnßITI1 énesckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ IenHfa³ {karbRgáabbT]RkidæEdlF¶n;F¶rCageK eBal KW]Rkidækmμ Rbl½yBUCsasn_ ]RkidækmμRbqaMgmnusSCati nig]Rkidækm μsRgÁam RbmUlpþúMenA KnßITI1 EpñkTI2 Edlman cMNgeCIgfa {bTelμ IsRbqaMgnwgbuKÁl} )anbBa¢ak;[eXIjc,as;nUvqnÞ³rbs;Gñktak;Etgc,ab;km<úCakñúgkar pþl;sar³sMxan;Biessdl;bTb,BaØtþiénsn§isBaØaRkugr:Um sþIBIkarbegáIttulakar]RkidækmμGnþrCati }.

Gñktak;EtgesckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ IenH)anbBa¢ak;pgeTotfa karEcgsþIBIectnakñúgkarbMpøaj RkummnusSmYyRkum KWCakaryktamKMniténmaRta 2 GnusBaØasþIBIkarbgáar nigkarpþnÞaeTasbTRbl½y BUCsasn_. edaymaRta 6 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Umk¾)anyktammaRta 2 énGnusBaØaqñaM1948 EdrenaH niymn½yEdl)anEcgkñúgesckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ Ikm<úCaRsbTaMgRsugnwgmaRta 6 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um.

eKKYreFVIkarkt;sMKal;fa GnusBaØaqñaM1948 kMNt;yk {esßrPaB} mkeFVICalkçN³vinicä½yénRkum mnusSEdlmanEcgkñúgniymn½ybTRbl½yBUCsasn_ ¬TsSnTanEdlmanlkçN³vtßúvis½y¦. mUlehtu Edl naM[mankareRCIserIsyklkçN³vinicä½yenH KWedaysarenAkñúgkMLúgeBlCECkBiPakSa edIm,Itak;Etg GnusBaØaenH manrdæmYycMnYncg;dak;bBa©ÚlKMnitEdlfa {RkumEdlkMNt;edayehtuplneya)ay}. b:uEnþKMnit enHRtUv)anRcanecaledayshPaBsUevot edayykelsfa vanaM[mankarb:HBal;dl;esßrPaB EdlCa buKÁliklkçN³cMbgrbs;RkumTaMgenaH. EtmUlehtuBitR)akdénkarRcanecalenH KWedaysarkarP½y xøacfa karEdlrdæaPi)al{Rsbc,ab;} eFVIkarbRgáabRkumbHe)arRbqaMgrdæaPi)al GacnwgRtUvcat;cUlCabT]Rkidæ Rbl½yBUCsasn_enHEdr. karP½yxøacEbbenHmankan;EtxøaMgcMeBaHrbbpþac;karÉkbkS. eKalkarN_esßr PaBenHRtUv)anTTYlsÁal; nigGnuvtþedaytulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatisMrab;RbeTsr:Uva:n;da kñúgesckIþsMerc eQμaH Akayesu³

{]Rkidækm μRbl½yBUCsasn_sMedAEtelIGMeBINa Edl)anRbRBwtþeTAelIRkummnusSEdlmanesßr PaB begáIteLIgCalkçN³GciéRnþy_ ehIyEdlmnusSkñúgRkumenHCasmaCikRkumtaMgBIkMeNIt ehIyminRtUv)an


51

rab;cUlCaRkummnusSEdlmanEcgkñúgniymn½y]RkidækmμRbl½yBUCsasn_ ral;RkummnusSTaMgLayNa Edl minmanesßrPaB ehIykarcUlCasmaCikénRkumenHRtUv)aneFVIeLIgedaykars μ ½RKcitþpÞal;rbs;buKÁl }42.

TsSnTan EdlmanlkçN³vtßúvis½yenH minRKb;RKan;eTsMrab;kMNt;RkumEdlGacRtUv)ancat;cUl kñúgniymn½y]RkidækmμRbl½yBUCsasn_ edayehtufa eKminGacpþl;PsþútagGMBIcMNgrvagbuKÁl nigRkum )aneT RbsinebIK μanFatuRbFanvis½y. bBaðaenH)anecaTeLIgenAkñúgesckIþsMerc Akayesu dEdlenH RBmTaMgenAkñúgesckIþsMerc Jesilic EdlecjedaytulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatisMrab;RbeTsyUehÁasøavI43. enAkñúgesckIþsMercTaMgenH ecARkm)ansMercfa cMNgTak;TgnwgRkummYyRtUvkMNt;edayqnÞ³CaRbFanvis½y rbs;smaCiknimYy²énRkumenaH eBalKWqnÞ³rbs;buKÁlmñak;²kñúgkarcUlCasmaCikRkummYy.

müa:gvijeTot karCab;Tak;TgnwgRkummYy b¤ minEmn eRcInEtRtUv)ankMNt;edaybuKÁlEdlminEmn CasmaCikrbs;RkumenaH eBalKWekIteLIgBIqnÞ³neya)ayrbs;]RkidæCnRbl½yBUCsasn_. dUecñH karEcg rbs;maRta 2 énGnusBaØaqñaM1948 nigmaRta 6 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um minTan;RKb;RKan;sMrab;eFVIkarpþnÞaeTas ]RkidæCnRbl½yBUCsasn_enAeLIyeT. eKRtUvEtykmkBicarNapgEdrnUvFatupSMEdlmanlkçN³RbFan vis½y EdlGac[]RkidæCnRbl½yBUCsasn_ykmkeFVICaehtuplkñúgkarcat;CnNamYy cUleTAkñúgRkumNa mYy. müa:geTot TsSnTanvtßúvis½yenHKWCakarpat;ecalnUvral;RkumEdlRtUv)ankMNt; edaylkçN³vinicä½y vtßúvis½y. RkumNak¾edayEdlRtUv)anvinicä½yedayEp¥kelIlkçN³RbFanvis½y ehIy EdlCaTUeTAEtgEt manlkçN³neya)ay faCaRkumEdlRtUvbMpøajecalTaMgRsug b¤ edayEpñk RtUvEt TTYl)annUvkarkarBar dUcKñaeTAnwgRkummnusSEdlmanEcgenAkñúgmaRta 2 énGnusBaØaqñaM1948 nig maRta 6 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um.

42 tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCatisMrab;RbeTsr:Uva:n;da sMNMuerOg Jean Paul Akayesu elx ICTR-96-4-T/ salRkmcuH éf¶TI2 kBaØa 1998 kfax½NÐ 511. 43 tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCatisMrab;RbeTyUehÁasøavI sMNMuerOg Goran Jelisic elx IT-95-10-T/ salRkmcuHéf¶TI14 FñÚ 1999 kfax½NÐ 70³ fVIt,itEtkarkMNt;nUvRkumsasnamYyedayEp¥kelIFatuvtßúvis½yGaceFVIeTA)an b:uEnþbc©úb,nñenH karBüayamkMNt;nUvRkumCati CatiBn§ú b¤BUCsasn_ eday Ep¥keTAelIFatuvtßúvis½yKWCakarBüayamRbkbeday karRbfuyRbfan ehIymüa:geTotlT§plEdlecjBIkarkMNt;edayEp¥kelIlkçN³vinicä½yEbb enHGacnwgminqøúHbBa©aMgGMBITsSnvis½énbuKÁlTaMgLaycMeBaHRkumenH. vaCakarmYysmehtupl EdleFVIkarkMNt;nUvRkumCati CatiBn§ú b¤BUCsasn_Na mYyedayEp¥kelITsSnvis½yrbs;buKÁlTaMgLayEdlcg;eFVIkarEbgEckRkumenH[dac;BI RkumepSgeTot. dUecñH GgÁCMnMuCRmHsMerc eFVIkarkMNt;Rkum Cati CatiBn§ú b¤BUCsasn_ edayEp¥keTAelIlkçN³vinicä½y RbFanvis½y³ KWkarEdlsgÁmmYys¥b;ex<ImRkummYyedaysarmUlehtu Cati CatiBn§ú b¤ BUCsasn_xusBIeK EdleyIg GaceFVIkarkMNt;)anfaetIRbCaCnEdlRtUvTTYlrgnUvkareFVITukçbukemñj KWCaRkumCati CatiBn§ú b¤BUCsasn_mYy kñúgRkEs EPñkCnEdl)anRbRBwtþGMeBIeFVITukçbukemñjenH b¤k¾minEmn. CMhrenHdUcKñaeTAnwgCMhrrbs; GgÁCMnMuCRmHkñúgesckIþsMerc Tak;TgeTAnwgkarsikSaelI bNþwgRbqaMgnwg Dragon Nikoli kñúgRkbx½NÐénmaRta 61}.


52

karlM)akkñúgkarkMNt;bTelμ IsEdlRtUv)anRbRBwtþeLIgenAkñúgrbbkm<úCaRbCaFibetyüfaCabT Rbl½yBUCsasn_ tamn½yénmaRta 2 énGnusBaØaqñaM1948 bgðaj[eXIjya:gc,as;fa kar[niymn½y elI]RkidækmμRbl½yBUCsasn_ edayEp¥kelIeKalkarN_esßrPaB minmanlkçN³suRkwtüeLIy.

Tak;TgnwgbBaðaenH eyIgGacsikSaelI]TahrN_énc,ab;)araMg. c,ab;)araMg[niymn½yelIRbePT énRkumCnrgeRKaH)aneBjeljCagGnusBaØaqñaM1948 niglkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um. c,ab;enH)an[niymn½y Rkum CnrgeRKaH edaybEnßmlkçN³vinicä½yEdlmanlkçN³RbFanvis½y kñúgeKaledAcat; bBa©ÚlRkumepSgeTot EdlRtUvbegáIteLIgtamlkçN³neya)ay esdækic© GaCIB sgÁm b¤ ePT. maRta 211-1 énRkmRBh μTNÐ fμ Irbs;)araMgEcgfa³

{RtUv)ancat;TukfaCaGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_ ral;GMeBITaMgLaydUcmanEcgxageRkam EdlRtUv)an RbRBwtþeLIg b¤bBa¢a[eKRbRBwtþkñúgEpnkarN_bMpøajTaMgRsug b¤ edayEpñkNamYy énRkumCati CatiBn§ú BUCsasn_ b¤ sasnamYy b¤ RkumNamYyepSgeTotEdlRtUv)ankMNt;edaylkçN³RbFanvis½y. GMeBITaMg enaHrYmman³

-mnusSXat -karb:HBal;F¶n;F¶rdl;bUrNPaBragkay b¤ stibBaØa -kardak;RkummYy[sßitkñúglkç½NÐEdlnaM[mankarvinasGnþrayTaMgRsug b¤ edayEpñkNamYyén

RkumenaH -karraraMgkMeNItTark -karCemøóskumaredaybgçM ehtuenH Gñktak;Etgc,ab;)araMg)andak;bBa©Úlkñúgniymn½yénRkumCnrgeRKaH {RkumNamYyEdlRtUv

)ankMNt;edaylkçN³vinicä½yRbFanvis½yepSgeTot}. niymn½yenHRsbeTAnwgKMnit d¾RtwmRtUv kñúgkar bRgáabGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_.

niymn½yén]RkidækmμRbl½yBUCsasn_ EdlEcgkñúgesckIþRBagRkmRBhμTNÐfμ I RsbeTAnwgniym n½yEdlmanEcgkñúgmaRta 6 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um. k¾b:uEnþ niymn½yenHenAminTan;RKb;RKan;eT eday mUlehtufa Gñktak;EtgesckIþRBagRkmenH)anRbkan;ykeKalkarN_esßrPaBkñúgkar[niymn½ybT Rbl½yBUCsasn_ ehIymüa:geTot vaCakarcaM)ac;kñúgkarpþnÞaeTaspgEdrcMeBaHCnEdl)anRbRBwtþbTel μ Is


53

enHedayehtuplneya)ay. lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Ummin)anhamXat;km<úCamin[kMNt;ykniymn½yTUlMTUlay CagcMeBaH]RkidækmμRbl½yBUCsasn_enHeT. pÞúyeTAvij eyageTAelIvaküs½BÞEdl)aneRbIkñúgmaRta 6 ¬Rsb tameKaledAénlkçnþik³enH ]RkidæRbl½yBUCsasn_ KWral;GMeBITaMgLayNa>>>¦ lkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmTuklT§PaB [mankar[niymn½yEbøkBIenH.


edayeyageTAelIGVIEdl)anerobrab;xagelI sUm[GaCJaFrkm<úCaeFVIkarEkERbmaRta km 2111-1 én esckIþRBagRkmRBhμTNÐfμ IeTACa³

{maRta km 2111-1³ FatupSMénbTRbl½yBUCsasn_

bTRbl½yBUCsasn_ KWCaGMeBINamYykñúgcMenaménGMeBIEdlerobrab;xageRkamenH kalebIGMeBIenH)an RbRBwtþkñúgeKalbMNgbM;pøajTaMgmUl b¤mYyEpñkénRkumCati CatiBn§ú BUCsasn_ sasna b¤ RkumNamYy EdlRtUv)ankMNt;edaylkçN³vinicä½yRbFanvis½yepSgeTot³ 1-Xatkm μelIsmaCikénRkum. 2-karb:HBal;ya:gF¶n;F¶relIbUrNPaBxagrUbkay b¤stþibBaØarbs;smaCikénRkum. 3-kardak;[smaCikénRkumrs;enAkñúglkçx½NÐ EdlnaM[vinasGnþrayTaMgRsug b¤mYyEpñkénRkum. 4-viFankarN_sMedAraraMgkMeNItTarkenAkñúgRkum. 5-CemøósedaybgçMnUvkumarBIRkummYyeTARkummYyepSgeTot.

x> karjúHjg;edaypÞal; nigCasaFarN³[RbRBwtþGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_

maRta 25 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmkMNt;GMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvRBhμTNÐCalkçN³buKÁl. eyagtam maRtaenH tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatimansmtßkic©kñúgkarCMnMuCRmHral;rUbv½nþbuKÁlEdl)anRbRBwtþbTelμ IsEdl manEcgkñúgmaRta5 énlkçnþik³ RBmTaMgCnsmKMnit CnEdlb:unb:gRbRBwtþbTel μ Is RBmTaMgCnEdl)an[ édkñúgkarRbRBWtþbTelμ IsTaMgenH. nItikm μénRbeTskm<úCak¾)ankMNt;pgEdrnUvkarpþnÞaeTas cMeBaHbTel μ Is


54

b:unb:g ¬maRta 31/ 32/ 33/ 34 énc,ab;RBh μTNÐGnþrkal nigmaRta 77 dl;81 énRkmRBh μTNÐ qñaM1955¦ nigkarsmKMnit ¬maRta 69 énc,ab;RBhμTNÐGnþrkal nigmaRta 83 dl;88 énRkmRBh μTNÐ qñaM1955¦44.

müa:gvijeTot maRta 25 kfax½NÐ3 vaküx½NÐ g énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um)anEcgGMBIkarpþnÞaeTas cMeBaHkarjúHjg;edaypÞal; nigCasaFarN³[RbRBwtþGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_ kñúgzan³CabTelμ IssVy½tü. karEcgEbbenH bgðajBIlkçN³BiessénbTelμ IsRbl½yBUCsasn_enH edayehtufa karjúHjg;EbbenH KWCabTel μ Isdac;edayELkmYy edaymincaM)ac;kMNt;faetIvanaM[mankarRbRBwtþbTel μ IsenaHEdr b¤ Gt; enaHeT.

1- nItikm μrbs;km<úCasþIBIkarjúHjg;edaypÞal; nigCasaFarN³[RbRBwtþGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn _

c,ab;RBhμTNÐGnþrkalkMNt;fa karjúHjg;[RbRBwtþbT]Rkidæ b¤bTmCÄwmKWCabTel μ Is Edlnwg RtUvpþnÞaeTas ¬maRta 59/ 60 nig61¦.

maRta 225 nig 300 énRkmRBhμTNÐqñaM1955 )anEcgCaBiessfakarjúHjg;[mankars¥b;ex<Im nigkarRbmafemIlgayrvagRkummnusSEdlsßitkñúgzan³epSgKñakñúgsgÁm b¤ EdlmanCMenOsasna xusKña RBmTaMgkarjúHjg;[mansRgÁamsIuvil TaMgenHKWCabTelμ IsEdlnwgRtUvpþnÞaeTastamc,ab;.

b:uEnþenAkñúgnItiviC¢manénRbeTskm<úCa minmankarEcgNamYyEdlkMNt;fa karjúHjg;edaypÞal; nigCasaFarN³[RbRBwtþGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_KWCabTelμ IsenaHeLIy.

nItiviC¢mankm<úCaeFVIkarEbgEckrvagkarjúHjg; nigkarsmKMnit. maRta 59 énc,ab;RBh μTNÐ Gnþrkal EcgGMBIkarjúHjg;[RbRBwtþbT]Rkidæeday)ansMercplfa³

{nwgRtUvpþnÞaeTasBIbTsmKMnit kñúgGMeBIEdlcat;faCabT]RkidætambTb,BaØtþienH CnTaMgLay NaEdl tamry³snÞrkfa tamkarERsk b¤karKMramkMEhg bnÞreLIgkñúgkEnøgnana b¤kñúgTIRbCMuCn saFarN³ tamkarsresr kare)aHBum< KMnUr cmøak; viciRtkm μ nim μitrUb rUbPaB b¤RKb;karKaMRTénkarsresr sMdI b¤rUbPaB Edldak;lk; b¤dak;taMgenAkEnøgnana b¤kñúgTIRbCMuCnsaFarN³ tampÞaMgbda b¤b½NÑRbkas EdltaMg[

44 sUmemIlxageRkam.


55

saFarN³CneXIj tamRKb;meFüa)ayTMnak;TMngesatTsSn_ )anbgáedaypÞal;[mnusSmñak; b¤eRcInnak; RbRBwtþGMeBIdUceBalxagelIenH ebIkarjúHjg;enaH)ansMercpl.

lkçnþik³enHGacGnuvtþ)anEdr kalNakarjúHjg;enaH)anplRtwmEtkarb:unb:gRbRBwtþGMeBI]Rkidæ b:ueNÑaH. }

eyagtammaRtaenH c,ab;RBh μTNÐGnþrkalEbgEckkarjúHjg;CaBIr KWkarjúHjg;eday)ansMerc pl nigkarjúHjg;EdlnaM[manRtwmEtkarb:unb:gRbRBwtþbTel μ Is. karjúHjg;eday)ansMercplRtUv)an cat;TukfaCabTel μ Is b¤ karb:unb:gRbRBwtþbTelμ Is ehIynwgRtUvpþnÞaeTasdUckarRbRBwtþbTel μ IsEdr. cMENk ÉkarjúHjg; EdlnaM[manRtwmEtkarb:unb:gRbRBwtþbTelμ Is nwgRtUvcat;TukfaCabTel μ IsmCÄwm ehIynwgRtUv pþnÞaeTas[Cab;Bn§naKarBI1 eTA5qñaM ¬maRta 60 c,ab;RBhμTNÐGnþrkal¦.

pÞúymkvij karsmKMnitRtUv)an[niymn½yenAkñúgmaRta 69 énc,ab;RBh μTNÐGnþrkalfa³

{CnNaEdl)anpþl;meFüa)aysMrab;RbRBwtþbTelμ Is Edl)anbBa¢a[eKRbRBwtþbTelμ Is Edl)an sMrYldl;karRbRBwtþbTel μ Is nwgRtUvcat;TukfaCaGñksmKMnit ehIyRtUvpþnÞaeTasdUcKñanwgGñkRbRBwtþbTel μ Is enaHEdr.}

dUecñH kñúgc,ab;Ex μr karjúHjg;[RbRBwtþbTel μ IsKWCabTelμ IsmYyepSgBIbTsmKMnit. karjúHjg; Edlbgá[manRtwmEtkarb:unb:gRbRBwtþbTelμ Isk¾nwgRtUvcat;Tukfa CabTelμ IsEdr.

dUcenH c,ab;RBhμTNÐGnþrkalhak;dUcCakMNt;fa karjúHjg;[RbRBwtþbTel μ IsKWCabTel μ Is sVy½tü. edayehtufa bTRbl½yBUCsasn_ KWCabT]RkidæF¶n;F¶r eKKYrEtEcgGMBIkarjúHjg;[RbRBwtþGMeBI Rbl½yBUCsasn_epSgBIkarjúHjg;kñúgnItirYm dUcGVIEdl)anEcgenAkñúglkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um.

2- esckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐf μI

esckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ I )anEcgGMBIkarjúHjg;[RbRBwtþbTel μ IsenAkñúgmaRta km 4133-2 edayeRbIBaküfa {karjúHjg;}. maRtaenHEcgfa³

GMeBIjúHjg;edaypÞal;[RbRBwtþbT]RkidætammeFüa)ayNamYy kñúgcMeNammeFüa)ayEdlmanEcg enAkñúgmaRta km 4133-1 RtUvpþnÞaeTas³


56

1> dak;Bn§naKarBIR)aMmYyEx eTABIrqñaM nigBin½yCaR)ak;BImYylanerol eTAbYnlanerol RbsinebI karjúHjg;enHK μanRbsiT§iPaBeT.

2> dak;Bn§naKarBIBIrqñaM eTAR)aMqñaM nigBin½yCaR)ak;BIbYnlanerol eTAdb;lanerol RbsinebIkar júHjg;enHmanRbsiT§iPaB elIkElgEtbTb,BaØtþiénmaRta km 1121-4 énRkmenH.

maRta km 4133-1 EdlRtUv)anelIkeLIgkñúgmaRta km 4133-2xagelIenHEcgfa³

maRta km 4133-1³ lkçx½NÐénGtßiPaBénkarjúHjg;

edIm,IGnuvtþCMBUkenH karjúHjg;GacRtUvpþnÞaeTas kalebIGMeBIenH)anRbRBwtþ³

1> edaysMdItamRbePTNak¾eday EdlRbkasenAkñúgTIkEnøgsaFarN³ b¤ enAkñúgeBlRbCMuCa saFarN³

2> edaysMenr b¤ KMnUrtamRbePTNak¾edayEdlRtUvpSBVpSayenAkñúgsaFarNCn b¤ taMg[ saFarNCnemIl

3> edayRKb;meFüa)ayKmnaKmn_esatTsSn_sMrab;saFarNCn.

esckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ I)ankMNt;fa karjúHjg;[RbRBwtþbTel μ Is KWCabTel μ IsmYy edaymin maneFVIkarEbgEckfa etIkarjúHjg;enaHnaM[mankarRbRBwtþbTelμ IsEdrb¤Gt;enaHeT. dUcenH karEcgkñúg esckIþRBagenHmankarFUrRsalCagGtßbTc,ab;CaFrman.

edaybT]RkidæRbl½yBUCsasn_ KWCabTel μ IsF¶n;F¶r eKKYrEtpþnÞaeTaskarjúHjg;[RbRBwtþGMeBI Rbl½yBUCsasn_[)anF¶n;F¶rEdr eBalKWkarjúHjg;[RbRBwtþGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_RtUvcat;TukfaCabT ]Rkidæ minEmnCabTmCÄwm. b:uEnþ karEcgenHRtUvEtEcgenAkñúgmaRtamYydac;edayELkBIkarjúHjg;TUeTA ehIy kMNt;[)anc,as;faCakarjúHjg;[RbRBwtþbTRbl½yBUCsasn_.

müa:geTot ebIeyIgemIlmaRta 17 kfax½NÐ1 vaküx½NÐ X nigmaRta 25 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um eyIg GacecaTCasMnYrfa etIkarjúHjg;edaypÞal; nigCasaFarN³[RbRBwtþGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_edayminbgá[


57

mankarRbRBwtþ b¤b:unb:gRbRBwtþGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_ GacnwgRtUvCMnMuCRmHedaytulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati Edrb¤eT RbsinebItulakarenHcat;TukkarjúHjg;enHminmanlkçN³F¶n;F¶rRKb;RKan;. maRtaxag elIenHEcgfa³

{1> eyagtamkfax½NÐTI10énbuBVkfa nigmaRta1 tulakarkMNt;fa krNImYyminGacTTYlyk )aneTebI³

¬X¦ krNIenaHminF¶n;F¶rRKb;RKan;lμmsRmab;eFVIyutþikm μskmμPaBbnþeTotedaytulakar.}

dUcenH RbeTskm<úCaEdlCaRbeTshtßelxIénGnusBaØaqñaM1948 KYrEtEcg[)anc,as;GMBIpþnÞa eTaskarjúHjg;edaypÞal; nigCasaFarN³[RbRBwtþGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_ eTaHbICakarjúHjg;)ansMerc pl b¤min)ansMercplk¾eday.

sarubesckIþmk fVIt,itEtnItikmμénRbeTskm<úCa)anEcgGMBIkarjúHjg;[RbRBwtþbTelμ Is KWCa bTel μ IssVy½tü b:uEnþminmankarEcgNamYy[)anc,as;las; nigRKb;RKan;GMBIkarjúHjg;edaypÞal; nig CasaFarN³[RbRBwtþGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_eT TaMgkñúgc,ab;CaFrman TaMgesckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ I.


bBa©ÚlkñúgesckIþRBagRBh μTNÐfμ I maRtamYyeTot KWmaRta km 4133-3 EdlEcgGMBIkarjúHjg;eday pÞal; nigCasaFarN³[RbRBwtþGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_45. maRtaenHnwgEcgfa³

{maRta km 4133-3 karjúHjg;[RbRBwtþGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_

karjúHjg;edaypÞal;[RbRBwtþGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_ tammeFüa)ayNamYykñúgcMenammeFüa)ayEdlman EcgkñúgmaRta km 4133-1 nwgRtUvpþnÞaeTas³

1> dak;Bn§naKarya:geRcIn30qñaM RbsinebIkarjúHjg;naM[mankarRbRBwtþbT]RkidæRbl½yBUCsasn_

45 karbBa©ÚlmaRta km 4133-3f μ I dUcEdl)anesñIsMuenH naM[maRta km 4133-3 cas; EdlTak;TgeTAnwg {karjúHjg;[mankarerIseGIg} nwg RtUvbþÚreTACamaRta km 4133-4/ maRta km 4133-4 cas; sþIBI {karjúHjg;tamry³sarBt’man} nwgRtUvbþÚreTACamaRta km 4133-5 ehIy maRta km 4133-5 cas; sþIBI {kardak;eTasbEnßm} nwgRtUvbþÚreTACamaRta km 4133-6.


58

2> dak;Bn§naKarBI2 eTA5qñaM nigBin½yCaR)ak;BI 1 000 000 erol eTA 4 000 000 erol RbsinebIkar júHjg;enaHminbgá[mankarRbRBwtþbT]RkidæRbl½yBUCsasn_}

CMBUkTI2³ bT]RkidækmμRbqaMgmnusSCati

]RkidækmμRbqaMgmnusSCatiRtUv)anEcgkñúgmaRta 7 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um ehIyRtUv)anrab;bBa©Úlkñúg smtßkic©rbs;tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati. dUcenH rdæhtßelxIcaM)ac;RtUvdak;bBa©Úl]Rkidækm μenHeTAkñúgnIti kmμCatirbs;xøÜn edIm,I[tulakarCatimansmtßkic©CMnMuCRmH]RkidæCnénbT]RkidæenH.

c,ab;RBhμTNÐbc©úb,nñrbs;km<úCamin)anEcgBI]RkidækmμRbqaMgmnusSCatieLIy. dUecñH ]Rkidækm μenH nwgminRtUv)anpþnÞaeTaseT. b:uEnþnItirYm)anEcgGMBIkarpþnÞaeTasnUvbNþaGMeBImYycMnYnEdlGacCaFatupSMén ]Rkidækm μRbqaMgmnusSCati dUcCaGMeBImnusSXat ¬maRta 32 c,ab;RBhμTNÐGnþrkal¦ GMeBIrMelaP ¬maRta 33 c,ab;RBhμTNÐGnþrkal¦ GMeBIeBsüakmμedaybgçM ¬maRta 3 c,ab;cuHéf¶TI16 mkra 1996 sþIGMBIkar pþnÞaeTasGMeBIcab;CMrwt karCYjdUr nigkareFVIGaCIvkm μelIpøÚvePT nigmaRta 45 nig46 rdæFm μnuBaØénRBHraCa NacRkkm<úCa¦.

eTaHCaya:genHk¾eday karEcgxagelIenHminTan;RKb;RKan; edIm,IpþnÞaeTasCnEdl)anRbRBwtþbT ]Rkidækm μRbqaMgmnusSCati RsbeTAnwgkarEcgrbs;maRta 7 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmenaHeT. maRta 7 enH Ecgfa³

1> sMrab;eKalbMNgénlkçnþik³enH bT]RkidæRbqaMgmnusSCati KWCaGMBINamYykñúgcMeNamGMeBI Edlerobrab;xageRkamenHkalebIGMeBIenHRtUv)anRbRBwtþenAkñúgRkbx½NÐénkarvaylukCaTUeTA b¤ CaRbB½n§ sMedARbqaMgeTAelIRbCaCnsIuvil³

¬k¦ Xatkm μ. ¬x¦ karsmøab;regÁól. ¬K¦ kareFVI[eTACaTaskm μ. ¬X¦ karnireTs b¤CemøósRbCaCnedaykarbgçM.


59

¬g¦ kardak;Bn§naKar b¤kardkhUtesrIPaBxagragkay edaybMBanelIviFanCamUldæanénnIti GnþrCati.

¬c¦ kareFVITaruNkmμ. ¬q¦ karcab;bgçMesBsn§v³ TaskmμpøÚvePT eBsüakm μedaybgçM karmanKP’edaybgçM kareFVI[Kμan

kUnedaybgçM b¤karbMBanpøÚvePTkñúgRTg;RTayepSgeTot EdlmanPaBF¶n;F¶rRbEhlKñaenH. ¬C¦ kareFVITukçbukemñjelIRkum b¤ smUhPaBCak;lak;NamYyedaymUlehtuneya)ay BUCGMbUr

Catisasn_ CatiBn§ú vb,Fm’ sasna b¤ECnD½r dUc)ankMNt;niymn½ykñúgkfax½NÐTI3 b¤ elImUldæan epSgeTot EdlRtUv)anTTYlsÁal;CasaklfaminGacGnuBaØat[eFVI)antamc,ab;GnþrCatienAkñúgTMnak;TMng CamYyGMeBINamYyEdl)anEcgkñúgkfax½NÐenH b¤ bTelμ IsRBhμTNÐNamYy EdlsßitkñúgyutþaFikartula kar.

¬Q¦ kar)at;xøÜnmnusSedaybgçM. ¬j¦ bTelμ IsGa)a:efd. ¬d¦ GMeBIGmnusSFm’RsedogKñaepSgeTot EdlmanlkçN³CaGnþrCati Edlmanectnabgá[

mankarrgeRKaHd¾FMeFg b¤ eRKaHfñak;d¾F¶n;F¶rdl;rUbragkay b¤ dl;suxPaBxagbBaØas μartI b¤ suxPaBxag rUbkay.}

2> sMrab;eKalbMNgénkfax½NÐTI1enH

¬k¦ {karvaylukCaTUeTAsMedARbqaMgeTAelIRbCaCnsIuvil} mann½yfa dMeNIrkarénkarRbRBwtþi mYyBak;B½n§nwgkarRbRBwtþiGMeBICaeRcIndUcmanEcgkñúgkfax½NÐTI1 RbqaMgnwgRbCaBlrdæsIuvilNamñak; Rsb tam b¤ sßitkñúgkareFVI[eCOnelOneTAmuxrbs;rdæmYy b¤ eKalneya)aycat;taMgedIm,IRbRBwtþkarvayRbhar EbbenH.

¬x¦{karsMlab;regÁól}KWCakardak;lkçx½NÐelICIvitedayectnaEdlkñúgcMeNamenaHmankardkhUt siT§iTTYl)anGaharnigfñaMeBTükñúgkMritmYyEdlRbugnwgnaMdl;mankarbMpøicbMpøajEpñkmYy énRbCa Blrdæ.

¬K¦ {kareFVI[eTACaTaskmμ} mann½yfa kareRbIGMNacNamYy b¤ GMNacTaMgGs;EdlmanCab; nwgsiT§ikmμsiT§ieTAelICnmñak; nigrYmTaMgkareRbIsiT§ienHkñúgdMeNIrkarCYjdUrmnusS CaBiessRsþI nigkumar.


60

¬X¦ {karnireTs b¤CemøósRbCaCnedaykarbgçM} mann½yfa karpøas;TIkEnøgrbs;CnEdl Bak;B½n§ edaybgçMedaykarbeNþj b¤ edayGMeBIbgçitbgçMepSgeTotecjBItMbn;EdlBYkeKmanvtþmanenA edayRsb c,ab; edayK μanmUldæandUc)anGnuBaØatkñúgc,ab;GnþrCati.

¬g¦ {kareFVITaruNkm μ} mann½yfa kareFVI[mankarcukcab; b¤karrgeRKaHCaTMgn;edayectna eTaHbICadl;rUbkaykIþ b¤dl;bBaØasμartIkIþ eTAelICnEdlenAkñúgkarXMuXaMg b¤eRkamkarRtYtRtarbs;Cn Cab;ecaT elIkElgEtcMeBaHkarNITaruNkmμ eKminRtUvrab;bBa©Úlkarcukcab; b¤karrgeRKaHEdlekItecjBI kardak;TNÐkm μRsbc,ab;EdlmanCab;nwgGMeBIenaH b¤EdlmanCayfaehtueT.

¬c¦ {karmanKP’edaybgçM} mann½yfa karbgçaMgedayxusc,ab;nUvRsþIEdlRtUveFVI[manKP’eday bgçM edaymanectnacg;[mankarb:HBal;dl;smasPaBCatiBn§énBlrdæNamYy b¤ karGnuvtþkarbMBand¾F¶n;F¶rd¾ éTeTotelIc,ab;GnþrCati. kñúgkrNINak¾eday minRtUvykniymn½yenHeTAbkRsay[man\T§iBlelIc,ab; CatiBak;B½n§nwgdMeNIrkarmanKP’eLIy.

¬q¦ {kareFVITukçbukemñj} mann½yfakardkhUtsiT§iCamUldæanedayectna nigya:gF¶n;F¶rEdlpÞúy nwgc,ab;GnþrCati edaymUlehtuénGtþsBaØaNénRkum b¤smUhPaB.

¬C¦ {bTelμ IsGa)a:efd} mann½yfa GMeBIGmnusSFm’EdlmancritlkçN³RsedogKñaeTAnwgGMeBI TaMgLayNaEdleBalenAkñúgkfax½NÐTI1 Edl)anRbRBwtþkñúgbribTénrbbRKb;RKgCasßab½n énkarsgát; sgáin CalkçN³RbB½n§ nigkarRKbsgát;rbs;RkumBUCsasn_mYyeTAelIRkumBUCsasn_mYy b¤eRcIn d¾éTeTot ehIyEdl)anRbRBwtþkñúgectnaTukrbbenaH.

¬Q¦ {kar)at;xøÜnmnusSedaybgçM} mann½yfa karcab;xøÜn karXMuXaMg b¤karcab;BRgt;mnusS eday mankarGnuBaØat karKaMRT b¤karyl;RBmrbs;rdæ b¤ GgÁkarneya)ay bnÞab;mkmankarbdiesFminTTYldwg B¤GMBIkardkhUtesrIPaBenaH b¤minpþl;Bt’manGMBIeCaKvasna b¤ TIsMcténCnTaMgenaH edaymanectnadk BYkeKecjBIkarkarBartampøÚvc,ab;kñúgry³eBlBnüaryUrmYy.

3> sRmab;eKalbMNgénlkçnþik³enH Bakü {ECnD½r} RtUv)anyl;fa sMedAelIePTTaMgBIr bursnigRsþIenAkñúgbribTénsgÁm.Bakü {ECnD½r} min)anbgðajGtßn½yNamYyepSgBIxagedImenHeT.


61

edIm,IbMeBjnUvcenøaHRbehagenH Gñktak;EtgesckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐf μI)anesñIeLIgnUvniymn½yén ]Rkidækm μRbqaMgmnusSCati enAkñúgmaRta km 2121-1. Gñktak;EtgesckIþRBagenH)ansresrkñúgesckIþ GtßaFib,ayrbs;xøÜnfa {niymn½y]Rkidækm μRbqaMgmnusSCatienH KWCakarbBa©ÚlmaRta 7énlkçnþik³ TIRkugr:Um sþIBIkarbegáIttulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatimkkñúgc,ab;Ex μr}. b:uEnþ enAeBlEdleKeFVIkarsikSalMGit elIniym n½ykñúgesckIþRBagRkmRBhμTNÐfμ If μIenH eKsegáteXIjmankarxVHcenøaHmYycMnYn. Xøa {b¤ elImUldæanepSg eTot EdlRtUv)anTTYlsÁal;CasaklfaminGacGnuBaØat[eFVI)antamc,ab;GnþrCatienAkñúgTMnak;TMngCamYy GMeBINamYyEdl)anEcgkñúgkfax½NÐenH b¤ bTelμ IsRBhμTNÐNamYyEdlsßitkñúgyutþaFikartulakar} nig {dl;suxPaBxagbBaØas μartI b¤suxPaBxagrUbkay} min)anEcgkñúgmaRta km 2121-1 énesckIþRBag RkmRBhμTNÐf μIenaHeT. maRtaenHEcgfa³

{bT]RkidæRbqaMgmnusSCati KWCabT]RkidæEdlGMBINamYyEcgxageRkamenH kalebIGMeBIenHRtUv)an RbRBwtþenAkñúgRkbx½NÐénkarvaylukCaTUeTA b¤CaRbB½n§ sMedARbqaMgeTAelIRbCaCnsIuvil³

1-Xatkm μ. 2-karsmøab;regÁól. 3-kareFVI[eTACaTaskmμ. 4-karnireTs b¤CemøósRbCaCnedaykarbgçM. 5-kardak;Bn§naKar b¤RKb;rUbPaBd¾éTeToténkardkhUtya:gF¶n;F¶rnUvesrIPaBedaybMBaneTAelI

bTb,BaØtþiRKwHénnItiGnþrCati. 6-kareFVITaruNkmμ. 7-karcab;bgçMesBsn§v³ kareFVITaskm μpøÚvePT eBsüacaredaybgçM kareFVI[manKP’edaybgçM

kareFVI[K μankUnedaybgçM nigRKb;rUbPaBepSgeToténGMeBIhwgSaxagpøÚvePT EdlmanTMgn;dUcKña. 8-kareFVITukçbukemñjelIRkum b¤smUhPaBCak;lak;NamYyedaymUlehtuneya)ay BUCGMbUr CnCati

CatiBn§ú vb,Fm’ sasna b¤ePT. 9-kar)at;xøÜnedaybgçM. 10-karRbkan;BUCsasn_ 11-RKb;GMeBIGmnusSFm’epSgeTotEdlbgá[karQWcab;ya:gxøaMg b¤ karb:HBal;ya:gF¶n;F¶reTAelI

bUrNPaBxagrUbkay.


62

müa:geTot karsmøab;rgÁal kareFVITukçbukemñj nigbTelμ IsGa)a:efd EdlmanEcgkñúgkfax½NÐ1 énmaRta 7 lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um ehIyEdlniymn½yRtUv)ankMNt;ya:gc,as;enAvaküx½NÐ x q nig C én kfax½NÐ2 maRtadEdl minRtUv)ankMNt;niymn½yenAkñúgc,ab;ExμreLIy. cMENkÉniymn½yénGMeBI TaruNkmμ EdlmanEcgkñúgvaküx½NÐ g énkfax½NÐ2 maRta 7 lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um manPaBTUlMTUlayCag niymn½yEdlmanEcgkñúgmaRta 500 énRkmRBh μTNÐEx μrqñaM1955 ¬karGnuvtþRkmRBhμTNÐqñaM1955 enHenAEtmanPaBRsBicRsBilenAeLIy dUcEdl)anerobrab;xagelIrYcmkehIy¦.

k> karb:HBal;dl;suxPaBpøÚvkaynigxagstibBaØa

maRta 7 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um)anEcgfa GMeBIGmnusSFm’EdlnaM[mankarQWcab;F¶n;F¶r b¤b:HBal; dl; {suxPaBxagpøÚvkayb¤xagstibBaØa} KWCaFatupSMcMbgénbT]RkidækmμRbqaMgmnusSCati.

dUcenH lkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmmaneKaledABRgIkniymn½y]Rkidækm μRbqaMgmnusSCati[kan;EtTUlay EfmeTot RBmTaMgpþl;nUvtMélénkarb:HBal;dl;suxPaBpøÚvkaynigxagstibBaØa[es μ InwgkarbMBarbMBanelI bUrNPaBragkayrbs;buKÁl.

karb:HBal;dl;suxPaBpøÚvkay b¤ xagstibBaØamanGtßn½yxusBIkarb:HBal;dl;bUrNPaBelIrUbrag kayb¤bUrNPaBelIpøÚvcitþEdlminmanEcgkñúgmaRtakm2121-1 énesckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ IeT. karb:H Bal;dl;suxPaBxagstibBaØaGacekItmaneLIg eTaHbICaminmankarb:HBal;dl;bUrNPaBelIrUbragkay k¾ eday. dUcKñaenHEdr karb:HBal;dl;suxPaBpøÚvkayGacekItmaneLIg eTaHbICaKμankarb:HBal;dl;bUrNPaB elIpøÚvkay.

Gñktak;EtgmaRta km 2121-1 énesckIþRBagRkmRBhμTNÐfμ Imin)anEcgfa karb:HBal;F¶n;F¶rdl; suxPaBpøÚvkayb¤xagstibBaØaKWCaFatupSMcMbgén]Rkidækm μRbqaMgmnusSCatienaHeLIy. karxkxanmin)an EcgEbbenHnaM[karbRgab]RkidækmμRbqaMgmnusSCatiminmanPaBTUlMTUlay nigeBjeljenaHeTebI eyIgeFVI kareRbobeFobeTAnwgkarEcgénlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um. ehtuenHehIy eKcaM)ac;RtUvbBa©Úlniymn½yénGMeBITaMg enHeTAkñúgmaRta km 2121-1 énesckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ I.


63

x> karcaM)ac;kñúgkarbBa¢ak;[)anc,as;kñúgesckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐf μInUvGtßn½yénbNþa GMeBImYycMnYnEdlCaFatupSMcMbgén]Rkidækm μRbqaMgmnusSCati

c,ab;RBhμTNÐénRbeTskm<úCaminmanEcgGMBIniymn½yénGMeBIsmøab;rgÁal kareFVITukçbukemñj nig GMeBIGa)a:eft EdlsuT§swgEtCaFatupSMcMbgén]RkidækmμRbqaMgmnusSCatienaHeT. edIm,I[RsbeTAnwg eKalkarN_nItüanukUlPaBénbTel μ Is niymn½yénGMeBITaMgbIxagelIenHRtUvEtmanEcgkñúgc,ab;RBhμTNÐ CaFrman.

dUcenH eKRtUvEtbBa©Úlniymn½yénGMeBITaMgenHeTAkñúgmaRta km 2121-1 énesckIþRBagRkm RBh μTNÐfμ I edayykKMrUtammaRta 7 kfax½NÐ2 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um Edl)anEcgRsbnwgnItiGnþrCati. maRta 3 énlkçnþik³tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatisMrab;RbeTsrVa:n;da nigmaRta 5 énlkçnþik³tulakarRBhμTNÐ GnþrCatisMrab;GtItyUehÁasøavI)anyktamKMrUlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um.

müa:gvijeTot maRta7 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um)anEcgGMBIectnaénkareFVITukçbukemñjmanPaBTUlay CagGVIEdlmanEcgenAkñúgGtßbTc,ab;GnþrCatimun² ¬maRta6 K énlkçnþik³tulakarRBh μTNÐeyaFaGnþrCati nrwmEb‘r maRta 3 nig5 énlkçnþik³tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatiTaMgBIrEdl)anEcgxagelI¦. dUcenH eKKYrEt bBa©ÚlnUvkarkMNt; GMBIectna [)anTUlMTUlayCagenHeTAkñúgc,ab;Exμr Tak;Tgnwgniymn½yénkareFVITukçbuk emñj. pÞúyeTAvij maRta 7 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um)anEcgfa kareFVITukçbukemñj RtUvEt)anRbRBwtþ {enAkñúg TMnak;TMngCamYyGMeBINamYyEdl)anEcgkñúg [kfax½NÐ2 énmaRta 7 énlkçnþik³ TIRkugr:UmenH] b¤bTel μIs RBh μTNÐNamYy EdlsßitkñúgyutþaFikartulakar}. eKGacniyay )anmüa:geTotfa kareFVITukçbukemñj Edl minTak;TgnwgGMeBI dUcmanEcgxagelIenH minRKb;RKan;kñúgkarkMNt;bT]RkidækmμRbqaMgmnusSCatieT vaRtUv EtmanTMnak;TMngeTAnwgGMeBIepSgeTotEdlCaFatupSMén]Rkidækm μRbqaMgmnusSCati b¤ eTAnwg]RkidækmμEdlsßitkñúgsmtßkic©tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati. maRta km 2121-1 énesckIþRBag RkmRBhμTNÐf μImin)anEcgGMBIlkç½NÐEbbenHeT. dUcenHvaCacMnucviC¢manmYyénmaRtaxagelIenH.

dUcKñaenHEdr Tak;TgnwgGMeBITaruNkm μ niymn½yénmaRta 1 GnusBaØacuHéf¶TI10 FñÚ 1984 sþIBIkar RbqaMgnwgGMeBITaruNkmμ nigeTas b¤GMeBIeXareXA GmnusSFm’ nigmaRta 500 énRkmRBhμTNÐ qñaM1955 manPaBceg¥ótCagniymn½yénmaRta 7 lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um.


64

niymn½yEdlmanEcgkñúgmaRta 7 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmxusBIniymn½yEdlEcgkñúgmaRta 1 én GnusBaØacuHéf¶TI10 FñÚ 1984 Edl)anEcgfa CnEdlRbRBwtþGMeBITaruNkmμRtUvEtCaPñak;garkñúgmuxgar saFarN³ b¤CabuKÁlepSgeTotEdlRbRBwtþGMeBITaMgenHkñúgzan³pøÚvkarrbs;xøÜn b¤)anjúHjg; b¤)anpþl;nUvkar RBmeRBogedayc,as;las; b¤edayminc,as;las;.

müa:gvijeTot niymn½yEdlmanEcgkñúgmaRta 7 kfax½NÐ2 vaküx½NÐ g manPaBTUlMTlay Cagniymn½yEdlmanEcgkñúgmaRta 500 énRkmRBh μTNÐqñaM1955 Tak;TgnwgeKalbMNgénkareFVITaruN kmμ. maRta 500 )anEcgfa kareFVITaruNkm μRtUvEteFVIeLIgedIm,IsYrcMelIy. maRta 500 )anEcg fa³ {Cn NaeFVITaruNkmμGñkd¾éT edIm,I[GñkenaHQWcab;CaxøaMg ehIyFøayR)ab;Bt’manepSg² EdlmanRbeyaCn_dl; karRbRBwtþi]Rkidækmμ b¤mCÄwmkmμNamYykþI edIm,Isgswk b¤edayGMeBIcitþéRBrbs;xøÜnkþI CnenaHRtUvmaneTas ]Rkidæfñak;TIbI. }

b:uEnþlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um)anEcgkan;Etceg¥ótCagmaRta 500 eTAeTot Tak;TgnwgCnEdlRbRBwtþGMeBI TaruNkmμ eRBaHfamaRta 7 kfax½NÐ2 vaküx½NÐ g )anEcgfa CnrgeRKaHRtUvEtsßitkñúgkarRKb;RKgrbs; CnRbRBwtþGMeBITaruNkmμ.

elIsBIenHeTAeTot eyIgsUmeFVIkarrMlwkeTotfa karGnuvtþn_maRta 500 énRkmRBh μTNÐqñaM 1955 enAEtmanPaBminc,as;las; edaysarEtmankarbkRsayedayKμanmUldæan elImaRta 158 rdæFm μnuBaØén RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa46.

FIDH sUmpþlnUvGnusasn_dUcteTA³

eFVIkarEkERbmaRta km 2121-1 énesckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ I edIm,IbEnßmGMeBIGmnusSFm’ Edlbgá [mankarQWcab;F¶n;F¶r b¤karb:HBal;F¶n;F¶rdl;suxPaBpøÚvkayb¤xagstibBaØa cUleTAkñúgFatupSMén]Rkidækmμ RbqaMgmnusSCati.

46 sUmemIlEpñkTI2 CMBUkTI1.


65

bEnßmkfax½NÐ2 dl;maRta km 2121-1 énesckIþRBagRkmRBhμTNÐfμ I eday[niymn½yelIBakü {karsmøab;regÁól} {GMeBITaruNkmμ} {GMeBIeFVITukçbukemñj} nig {GMeBIGa)a:eft} dUcEdl)anEcgkñúgmaRta 7 kfax½NÐ2 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um ehIyRsbeTAnwgnItiGnþrCati.

maRta km 2121-1 énesckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ InwgEcgya:gdUecñH

{bT]RkidæRbqaMgmnusSCati KWCabT]RkidæEdlGMBINamYyEcgxageRkamenH kalebIGMeBIenHRtUv )anRbRBwtþenAkñúgRkbx½NÐénkarvaylukCaTUeTA b¤CaRbB½n§ sMedARbqaMgeTAelIRbCaCnsIuvil³

1-Xatkm μ. 2-karsmøab;regÁól. 3-kareFVI[eTACaTaskm μ. 4-karnireTs b¤CemøósRbCaCnedaykarbgçM. 5-kardak;Bn§naKar b¤RKb;rUbPaBd¾éTeToténkardkhUtya:gF¶n;F¶rnUvesrIPaBedaybMBaneTAelI

bTb,BaØtþiRKwHénnItiGnþrCati. 6-kareFVITaruNkmμ. 7-karcab;bgçMesBsn§v³ kareFVITaskm μpøÚvePT eBsüacaredaybgçM kareFVI[manKP’edaybgçM

kareFVI[KμankUnedaybgçM nigRKb;rUbPaBepSgeToténGMeBIhwgSaxagpøÚvePT EdlmanTMgn;dUcKña. 8-kareFVITukçbukemñjelIRkum b¤smUhPaBCak;lak;NamYyedaymUlehtuneya)ay BUCGMbUr CnCati

CatiBn§ú vb,Fm’ sasna b¤ePT. 9-kar)at;xøÜnedaybgçM. 10-karRbkan;BUCsasn_ 11-RKb;GMeBIGmnusSFm’epSgeTotEdlbgá[karQWcab;ya:gxøaMg b¤karb:HBal;ya:gF¶n;F¶reTAelI

bUrNPaBxagrUbkay.

sMrab;eKalbMNgénkfax½NÐTIxagelIenH

1- {karsMlab;regÁól} KWCakardak;lkçx½NÐelICIvitedayectna EdlkñúgcMeNamenaHmankar dkhUtsiT§iTTYl)anGaharnigfñaMeBTü kñúgkMritmYyEdlRbugnwgnaMdl;mankarbMpøicbMpøajEpñkmYyénRbCa Blrdæ.


66

2- {kareFVITaruNkm μ} mann½yfa kareFVI[mankarcukcab; b¤karrgeRKaHCaTMgn;edayectna eTaHbI Cadl;rUbkaykIþ b¤dl;bBaØas μartIkIþ eTAelICnEdlenAkñúgkarXMuXaMg b¤eRkamkarRtYtRtarbs;CnCab;ecaT elIkElgEtcMeBaHkarNITaruNkmμ eKminRtUvrab;bBa©Úlkarcukcab; b¤karrgeRKaHEdlekItecjBIkardak;TNÐ kmμRsbc,ab;EdlmanCab;nwgGMeBIenaH b¤EdlmanCayfaehtueT.

3- {kareFVITukçbukemñj} mann½yfakardkhUtsiT§iCamUldæanedayectna nigya:gF¶n;F¶rEdlpÞúy nwgc,ab;GnþrCati edaymUlehtuénGtþsBaØaNénRkum b¤smUhPaB.

4- {bTelμ IsGa)a:efd} mann½yfa GMeBIGmnusSFm’EdlmancritlkçN³RsedogKñaeTAnwgGMeBI TaMgLayNaEdleBalenAkñúgkfax½NÐTI1 Edl)anRbRBwtþkñúgbribTénrbbRKb;RKgCasßab½nénkarsgát; sgáin CalkçN³RbB½n§ nigkarRKbsgát;rbs;RkumBUCsasn_mYyeTAelIRkumBUCsasn_mYy b¤eRcIn d¾éTeTot ehIyEdl)anRbRBwtþkñúgectnaTukrbbenaH.}

CMBUkTI3³ ]RkidækmμsRgÁam ]RkidækmμsRgÁam CaTUeTARtUv)aneK[niymn½yfaCakarrMelaPF¶n;F¶relIc,ab; nigTMenomTMlab;sþIBI

swksRgÁam. ]RkidækmμsRgÁamRtUv)ankMNt;faCabTelμ IsenAkñúg]bkrN_KtiyutþGnþrCatiCaeRcIn dUcCa GnusBaØaRkughSWENvqñaM1949 nigBiFIsarbEnßmTI1qñaM1977.

lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um)an[niymn½y]RkidækmμsRgÁamenAkñúgmaRta 8 ehIy)anEcgfa ]Rkidækm μenHsßit kñúgsmtßkic©rbs;tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati nigsmtßkic©rbs;tulakarénbNþaRbeTsCasmaCiklkçnþik³Rsb eTAtameKalkarN_énkarbMeBjbEnßm.

dUcKñanwgkrNI]RkidækmμRbl½yBUCsasn_ nig]RkidækmμRbqaMgmnusSCatiEdr nItikmμCatiénRbeTs km<úCacaM)ac;RtUveFVIya:gNa[tulakarCatiGacCMnMuCRmH]RkidæCnsRgÁam edIm,I[RsbeTAnwgkatBVkic©GnþrCati Edlkm<úCa)anRBmeRBog.

pÞúyeTAvij nItiviC¢manrbs;km<úCamin)anEcgGMBIkarpþnÞaeTas]Rkidækm μsRgÁameT.


67

maRta km 2131-1 énesckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ I)anEcgGMBIkarpþnÞaeTas]RkidækmμsRgÁamEdl enHKWCacMnucviC¢manmYy. k¾b:uEnþ esckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ IenHmin)anEcgRKb;FatupSMcMbgén]Rkidækmμ sRgÁamdUcEdlmanEcgkñúgmaRta 8 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmenaHeT.

k> karkMNt;GMBIkarbRgáab]Rkidækm μsRgÁamkñúgnItiviC¢mankm<úCa

1- RbPBBInItikm<úCa

manGtßbTc,ab;cMnYnbI énnItiviC¢mankm<úCa EdlGacGnuBaØat[mankarpþnÞaeTas]RkidæCnsRgÁam b:uEnþkarEcgénGtßbTTaMgenaHmin)aneBjeljeT. GtßbTc,ab;TaMgenaHrYmman c,ab;RBhμTNÐGnþrkal RkmRBhμTNÐqñaM1955 nigRkmyutþiFm’eyaFaqñaM1954 ¬GtßbTBIrcugeRkayenHsßitenACaFrmaneday Epñk eyagelImaRta 158 rdæFm μnuBaØénRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa47.

dUceyIg)aneXIjrYcmkehIyfa karEcgénGtßbTc,ab;TaMgbIenHGac[mankarpþnÞaeTascMeBaHEt GMeBImYycMnYnEdlCaFatupSMén]Rkidækm μsRgÁamb:ueNÑaH dUcCaGMeBImnusSXat kareFVITaruNkmμ b¤karbMBar bMBanbUrNPaBelIrUbragkayénbuKÁlCaedIm EtminEmnCakarpþnÞaeTascMeBaH]RkidækmμsRgÁamTaMgmUlenaH eT.

RkmyutþiFm’eyaFaqñaM1954)an[niymn½y nigkMNt;GMBIkarpþnÞaeTasnUvGMeBImYycMnYnepSgeTot dUcCaGMeBIhwgSaelIeyaFarbYs nigkarlYcRTBüsm,tþeyaFarbYs b¤søab;CaedIm48.

47 sUmemIlEpñkTI2 CMBUkTI1. 48 maRta 184 énRkmyutþiFm’eyaFakMNt;faCabTelμIsral; {GMeBIhwgSaelIeyaFarbYs b¤manCMgW )at;bg;smtßPaBkarBarxøÜn} RbRBwtþeday eyaFa b¤sIuvil. maRta 202 énRkmdEdlenHEcgGMBIkarpþnÞaeTascMeBaHkarlYc b¤karbøn;RTBüsm,tþirbs;eyaFarbYs manCMgW b¤søab; b¤mYykarRbRBwtþiGMeBI hwgSaRbRBwtþedayeyaFab¤CnsIuvil.maRta203nig205k¾)ankMNt;pgEdr faCabTel μIsral;GMeBIlYcRTBüsm,tþi EdlCakm μsiT§irbs;kgT½B b¤Cakmμ siT§irbs;{RbCaCnsIuvilEdlpþl;kEnøg[kgT½Bsñak;enA}. nItirYmTak;TgnwgGMeBIhigSa ¬maRta 495 dl;500 énRkmRBhμTNÐqñaM1955¦. GMeBImnusS Xat ¬maRta 32 c,ab;RBhμTNÐGnþrkal¦ GMBIXatkm μKitTukCamun ¬maRta 31 énc,ab;RBh μTNÐGnþrkal¦ nigkarb:unb:gRbRBwtþbTelμ Is ¬maRta 31 32 34 43 c,ab;RBhμTNÐGnþrkal nigmaRta 77 dl;81 RkmRBhμTNÐqñaM1955¦ GacGnuvtþ)ankñúgkrNIEdlmanEcgkñúgmaRtaTaMgenH.


68

2- kareRbobeFobCamYynwglkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um

c,ab;CaFrmanénRbeTskm<úCa EdleyIgeTIbEt)anelIkeLIgxagelIenHmin)anRKbdNþb;elIRKb; FatupSMcMbg²rbs;]RkidækmμsRgÁamdUcGVIEdlmanEcgkñúglkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmenaHeT. müa:gvijeTot bTel μ Is mYycMnYndUcCamnusSXat GMeBITaruNkmμ mnusSXatuKitTukCamun GMeBIrMelaPesBsn§v³ GMeBIhwgSa b¤ karbMpøicbMpøaj EdlmanEcgkñúgnItirYm minGac[eyIgkMNt;bT]Rkidækm μsRgÁam EdlmanlkçN³Biess dac;edayELkBInItirYm eBalKWvaRtUv)anRbRBwtþeLIgenAkñúgCemøaHRbdab;GavuF b¤edaymanTMnak;TMngeTAnwg CemøaHenH. GMeBIEdlCaFatupSMén]Rkidækm μsRgÁamRtUv)anRbRBwtþeLIgedaykmøaMgRbdab;GavuFénPaKImçag RbqaMgnwgkgkmøaMgRbdab;GavuF b¤ CnsIuvilénPaKImçageToténCemøaH niyay[cMKWGMeBIRbRBwtþeLIgRbqaMg nwgbuKÁl b¤RTBüsm,tþiEdlRtUv)an{karBar}edayGnusBaØaRkughSWENvqñaM1949 nigBiFIsarbEnßm TI1 qñaM 1977.

c,ab;Exμrbc©úb,nñGnuBaØat[eFVIkarpþnÞaeTasEtcMeBaHGMeBImYy²dac;BIKña EdlminRKbdNþb;elI]Rkidæ kmμsRgÁamTaMgmUl. minmanc,ab;CaFrmanNamYyEdlmanEcgGMBIniymn½yén]Rkidækm μsRgÁam edIm,I[ tulakarGaceFVIkarpþnÞaeTascMeBaH]RkidæCnsRgÁam)aneBjeljenaHeT.

tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatiminRtUv)anbegáIteLIgedIm,ICMnMuCRmHGMeBImYy²dac;BIKña EdlRbRBwtþeLIg kñúgnambuKÁlpÞal;xøÜnenaHeT. tulakarenHmansmtßkic©CMnMuCRmH]Rkidækm μsRgÁamdrabNabT]RkidæenHRtUv )anRbRBwtþeLIg {kñúgRkbx½NÐénEpnkarN_ b¤neya)ayNamYy b¤CaEpñkmYyénkarRbRBwtþikñúgTMhMd¾FMeFgén bTel μ IsRBhμTNÐEbbenH} ¬maRta 8 kfax½NÐ1 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um¦.

dUcenH nItikm μénRbeTskm<úCaKYrEtRtUv)anEkERbedIm,I[RsbeTAnwgeKalkarN_EdlmanEcgkñúg lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um edIm,Itulakarkm<úCamansmtßkic©CMnMuCRmH]RkidæCnsRgÁam. ebImindUecñaHeT km<úCanwgRtUv cat;TukfaKμansmtßPaBkñúgkarCMnMuCRmH ehIysmtßkic©enHnwgRtUvepÞreTAtulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati.

x> ]Rkidækm μsRgÁamkñúgesckIþRBagRkmRBhμTNÐfμI

esckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ Ifμ I)an[niymn½y nigkMNt;GMBIkarpþnÞaeTascMeBaH]RkidækmμsRgÁamenA kñúgmaRta km 2131-1 nigkm 2131-2. maRtaenHEcgfa³


69

maRta km 2131-1³ FatupSMénbT]RkidæsRgÁam

bT]RkidæsRgÁam KWGMeBINamYydUcmanEcgxageRkamenH kalebIGMeBIenHRtUv)anRbRBwtþRbqaMgnwg buKÁl b¤RTBüsm,tþiEdlkarBaredayGnusBaØaRkughSWENv cuHéf¶TI12 sIha qñaM1948³

1-Xatkm μ. 2-TaruNkmμ b¤RKb;RbRBwtþkm μGmnusS rYmbBa©ÚlTaMgkarBiesaFn_CIvsaRsþ. 3-GMeBIbgáedayectnanUvkarQWcab; b¤Edlb:HBal;ya:gF¶n;F¶rbUrNPaBbuKÁl b¤suxPaB. 4-karbMpøaj b¤karekgyknUvRTBüsm,tþi edayKμanehtuplRtwmRtUvxageyaFa nigkñúgRTg;-

RTayFMedayxusc,ab; nigtamTMenIgcitþ. 5-GMeBIbgçMeQøIyswk b¤CnsIuvil[beRmIkñúgkgkMlaMgRbdab;GavuFrbs;rdæEdlCasRtUv. 6-GMeBIdkhUtsiT§irbs;eQøIyswk b¤CnsIuvilkñúgkarTTYlkarvinicä½yedayRtwmRtUv nig\tlMeGog 7-karCemøós karbBa¢Ún b¤karXMuXaMgedayxusc,ab;. 8-karcab;CacMNab;xμaMg. maRta km 2131-2³ bT]RkidæsRgÁamepSgeTot GMeBINamYydUcmanEcgxageRkamenH KWCabT]RkidæsRgÁamEdr kalebIGMeBIenaHRtUv)anRbRBwtþ kñúg»

kasCemøaHRbdab;GavuFCalkçN³GnþrCati b¤minEmnGnþrCati³ 1-kareRbIR)as;GavuFEdlmanCatiBul b¤GavuFEdlsßabnaeLIgedIm,IbgákarQWcab;\tRbeyaCn_ 2-GMeBIvayRbhar b¤Tmøak;RKab;Ebkedayectna tammeFüa)ayNak¾eday eTAelITIRkug PUmi kEnøg

rs;enA b¤GaKarEdlminmankarkarBar nigEdlminEmnCakm μvtßúxageyaFa 3-GMeBIvayRbharedayectnaeTAelImnusS b¤ smÖar³EdleRbIR)as;kñúgRkbx½NÐénebskkmμmnusS

Fm’ edayGnuelamtamFmμnuBaØrbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCati. 4-GMeBIbgáeRKaHTur’Pikedayectnadl;RbCaCnsIuvil edaydkhUtnUvRTBüsm,tþicaM)ac;sRmab;bnþ

karrs;ranmanCIvitrbs;CnsIuvilTaMgenH. 5-GMeBIeRbIR)as;CnsIuvil edIm,IeCosvagnUvRbtibtþikareyaFaeTAelIGaKarxøH tMbn;xøHénEdndI b¤ kg

kMlaMgeyaFaxøH. 6-GMeBIbMpøaj b¤eFVI[xUcxatedayectna nUvGaKarsRmab;sasna sb,úrsFm’ Gb;rM sil,³ nig

viTüasaRsþ vimanRbvtþisaRsþ sñaédsil,³ b¤sñaédEdlmanlkçN³viTüasaRsþ.


70

7-GMeBIbgádl;brisßanFmμCati nUvkarxUcxatd¾FM yUrGEgVg nigF¶n;F¶rEdlmanlkçN³hYsehtu ya:gCak;Esþg ebIeRbobeTAnwgplRbeyaCn_BitR)akd nigpÞal;xagEpñkeyaFaEdlsgÇwmTuk.

8-karlYcbøn;nUvsm,tþisaFarN³ b¤ÉkCn.} Gñktak;EtgesckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ IenH)ansresrenAkñúgesckIþGtßaFib,ayrbs;xøÜnfa maRta km

2131-1 nigkm 2131-2 cMlgtamniymn½yén]Rkidækm μsRgÁamEdlmanEcgenAkñúgmaRta 8 kfax½NÐ 2 vaküx½NÐ k nigx énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um.

k¾b:uEnþbnÞab;BIkarsikSalMGitelImaRtaTaMgBIrenH eyIgsegáteXIjmanPaBcenøaHRbehagkñúgkar[ niymn½ykñúgesckIþRBagRkmRBhμTNÐfμ IxagelI.

1- kareRbobeFobmaRta km2131-1énesckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐf μI CamYymaRta8 kfax½NÐ2 vaküx½NÐ k énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um

1-k> Xøa{karbMpøaj b¤ karekgyknUvRTBüsm,tþi }

XøaenHeFVIkarEbgEckdac;BIKñarvagkarbMpøicbMpøaj nigkarekgyknUvRTBüsm,tþiGñkd¾éT. BaküTaMg BIrenHmann½ymindUcKñaeT. karekgykRTBüsm,tþiGñkd¾éTminsuT§EtnaM[mankarbMpøícbMpøajRTBü EdlCa kmμsiT§ienaHeT ehIyebImankarbMpøícbMpøajRTBüGñkd¾éTehIyeKminGacykRTBüenaHmkeFVICakm μsiT§i)an eToteT.

kareRbIQñab; {b¤} enAkñúgXøaxagelIenHnaM[maRta km 2131-1 manGtßn½yTUlayCagmaRta 8 kfax½NÐ2 vaküx½NÐ k énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um EdleRbIQñab; {nig}.

enHKWCacMnucviC¢manrbs;esckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ IkñúgkarbRgáab]RkidækmμsRgÁam.

1-x> Bakü{CnsIuvil}énmaRta km2131-1 énesckIþRBagRkmRBhμTNÐfμ I nigBakü{CnEdlTTYl)ankarkarBar} énmaRta8 kfax½NÐ2énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um

Baküfa {CnEdlTTYl)ankarkarBar} EdleRbIenAkñúgmaRta 8 kfax½NÐ 2 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um sMedAelICnEdlRtUv)ankarBaredayGnusBaØaRkughSWENvcMnYnbI cuHéf¶TI12 sIha 1949 KWGnusBaØasþI


71

BIkarkarBarTahanrbYs nig TahanmanCMgWkñúgkMLúgeBleFVIebskkmμ GnusBaØasþIBI karkarBarTahan rbYs TahanmanCMgW nigTahanlg;Twkedaylick)a:l; kñúgkMLúgeBleFVIebskkmμ tamsmuRT nig GnusBaØasþIBI karkarBarCnsIuvilkñúgeBlmansRgÁam.

GnusBaØaTaMgenHkarBarCaBiessCnTaMgLayEdlmincUlrYmedaypÞal;kñúgkarRbyuT§Kña rYmTaMgsma CikénkgkmøaMgRbdab;GavuFEdl)andak;GavuFcuHcaj; TahanmanrbYsb¤CMgW nigral;CnsIuvilEdlsßiteRkam karRKb;RKgrbs;PaKINamYyénCemøaH b¤ eRkamkarRKb;RKgénmhaGMNacbreTsEdlkan;kab; EdndImYy RBmTaMgral;buKÁlikEdlbMerIkarkñúgvis½ysuxaPi)al nigsasnakñúgkgkmøaMgRbdab;GavuFén PaKICemøaHEdl RtUv)anTTYl[sñak;enAelITwkdIGBüaRkwtüNamYy.

maRta km 2131-1 eRbIBaküfa {CnsIuvil} CMnYsBakü {CnEdlTTYl)ankarkarBareday GnusBaØaRkughSWENv} Edl)aneRbIkñúgmaRta 8 kfax½NÐ2 vaküx½NÐ k énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um. kareRbIBakü enHnaM[niymn½yén]Rkidækm μsRgÁamkñúgesckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ ImanPaBceg¥ótCagniymn½y Edlman Ecgkñúglkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um.


sUm[GaCJaFrExμreFVIkarEkERbmaRta km 2131-1 énesckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ I edayCMnYsBakü {CnsIuvil} edayBakü {CnEdlkarBaredayGnusBaØaRkughSWENv}vij.

2- kareRbobeFobmaRta km2131-2 énesckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμI CamYymaRta8 kfax½NÐ2¬x¦énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um

2-k> maRta8 kfax½NÐ2¬x¦énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um

maRta 8 kfax½NÐ 2 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmeFVIkarEbgEckdac;BIKñarvag]RkidækmμsRgÁamkñúgkrNI CemøaHRbdab;GavuFGnþrCati nigkrNICemøaHRbdab;GavuFminEmnGnþrCati. maRtaenH)anEcgya:glMGit enA


72

kñúgvaküx½NÐ x GMBIFatupSMén]RkidækmμsRgÁamkñúgkrNICemøaHRbdab;GavuFGnþrCati nigkñúgvaküx½NÐ K nig g GMBIFatupSMén]RkidækmμsRgÁamkñúgkrNICemøaHRbdab;GavuFminEmnGnþrCati.

RbsinebIrdæNamYyCasmaCikénlkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmmineFVIkarpþnÞaeTas]RkidækmμsRgÁam dUcEdl)an EcgkñúgmaRta 8 kfax½NÐ 2 énlkçnþik³enHeTenaH tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatinwgyksMNMuerOgenHmkeFVIkar CMnMuCRmH edayEp¥kelIeKalkarN_énkarbMeBjbEnßm. kñúgkrNIenH rdæCasmaCikenaHminmansiT§iCMTas;nwg smtßkic©rbs;tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatikñúgkarCMnMuCRmHbT]RkidækmμsRgÁamenHeLIy. edIm,I[xøÜnmansmtß kic©eBjeljkñúgkarCMnMuCRmH]Rkidækm μsRgÁamenH rdæCasmaCikRtUvEtbBa©Úlniymn½yén]Rkidækm μsRgÁam EdlmanEcgkñúglkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um eTAkñúgnItikm μCatirbs;xøÜn.

2-x> maRta km 2131-2 esckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐf μI

dUcEdleyIg)aneXIjxagelIrYcmkehIyfa Gñktak;EtgesckIþRBagRkmenH)ansresrenAkñúg esckIþGtßaFib,ayrbs;xøÜnfa maRta km 2131-2 )an[niymn½y]RkidækmμsRgÁamedayyktam maRta 8 kfax½NÐ 2 vaküx½NÐ x énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um. k¾b:uEnþ enAeBlEdleyIgeFVIkarsikSalMGiteTAelI maRtaenH eyIgsegáteXIjfa karcMlgtamenH)aneFVIeLIgEtmYyEpñkb:ueNÑaH. manFatupSMcMbg²mYycMnYnén]Rkidækmμ sRgÁam EdlmanEcgkñúgmaRta 8 kfax½NÐ 2 vaküx½NÐ x énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um EdlminRtUv)an EcgkñúgmaRta km 2131-2 énesckIþRBagRkmRBhμTNÐfμ IeT dUcCa {kardwknaMeday ectnanUvkarvayRbharRbqaMgnwg BlrdæsIuvil b¤RbqaMgnwgÉktþCnsIuvilEdlmincUlrYmedaypÞal;enAkñúgkarRbTUsþrayKña}49 {kardwknaMeday ectna nUvkarvayRbharRbqaMgnwgvtßúsIuvil EdlenaHCavtßúEdlmin EmnCacMNuceKaledAxageyaFa}50 {kar smøab; b¤ kareFVIrbYsdl;yuT§CnEdl)anTmøak;GavuFrbs;xøÜncuH b¤ CnEdlK μanmeFüa)aykarBarxøÜnteTAeTot Edl)ancuHcaj;RBmtamxøÜn}51 {kareRbIR)as;minsmRsbnUv Tg;p¥aksRgÁam Tg;Cati sBaØasMKal;eyaFa nigÉksNæansRtUv b¤ ÉksNæanrbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCati k¾dUcCanimitþsBaØaedayELk²énGnusBaØaTIRkug hSWENv EdlbNþal[mankarsøab; b¤ eRKaHfñak;dl; mnusSya:gF¶n;F¶r}52 {karbBa¢Únpøas;TIkEnøgedaypÞal; b¤edayRbeyalnUvkmøaMgEdlkMBugkan;kab;EpñkxøH énBlrdæsIuvilrbs;xøÜnpÞal;cUleTAkñúgTwkdI EdlxøÜncUl 49

maRta 8 kfax½NÐTI2 ¬x¦/ ¬i.¦ 50 maRta 8 kfax½NÐTI2 ¬x¦/ ¬ii.¦ 51 maRta 8 kfax½NÐTI2 ¬x¦/ ¬vi.¦ 52 maRta 8 kfax½NÐTI2 ¬x¦/ ¬vii.¦


73

kan;kab; b¤ karnireTs b¤ karbBa¢Únpøas;TIBlrdæxøH b¤ TaMgGs;énTwkdIEdl)ancUlkan;kab;eTAkñúgTwkdIenaH b¤ ecjeRkATwkdIenaH}53 {karRbkasfanwgminpþl; karRtaRbNINamYyeLIy}54 {karRbkaslubecal Bnüar eBl b¤minTTYlyk enAkñúgtulakar nUvsiT§i nigskmμPaBTaMgLayrbs;BlrdæénPaKIbc©amitþ}55 {karbgçM[ BlrdæénPaKI bc©amitþcUlrYmkñúgRbtibtþikar swksRgÁamdwknaMeFVIeLIgRbqaMgnwgRbeTsrbs;BYkeKpÞal; eTaHbI CaBYkeK )anbMerIkarRbTUsþray munkarcab;epþImsRgÁamk¾eday}56 {kareRbIR)as;CatiBul b¤ GavuFCatiBul}57 {kareRbIR)as;RKab;kaMePøIg EdlGac rIk b¤ pÞúH EbkenAkñúgxøÜnmnusS)anya:ggay dUcCaRKab;kaMePøIg Edlman RsTab;eRsabBIeRkAya:grwgmaM EtminmaneRsabRtg;bNþÚlvaTaMgmUl b¤ EdlmaneRcok edaysñamvH}58 {kareRbIR)as;GavuF kaMePøIgepøag RBmTaMg]bkrN_ nigviFIsaRsþeFVIsRgÁamswkEdlman lkçN³bNþal[ eRKaHfñak;d¾elIslub b¤ eRKaHfñak; EdlmincaM)ac; b¤ EdlminerIsmux ya:gCab;enAkñúgkarbMBanc,ab;GnþrCati sþIBICemøaHRbdab;GavuFeday lkçx½NÐfa GavuF kaMePøIgepøag RBmTaMg]bkrN_ nigviFIsaRsþeFVIsRgÁamswkenaH KWCakmμvtßúénkarhamXat;d¾TUlMTUlaymYy ehIyRtUv)andak;bBa©Úlkñúg]bsm<½n§énc,ab;lkçnþik³enH edaykar eFVIviesaFnkm μ GnuelamtambTb,BaØtþiBak;B½n§dUcmanEcgkñúg maRta121 nig123}59 {karRbRBwtþiGMeBI cab;rMelaP Taskm μpøÚvePT eBsüakm μedaybgçM karmanKP’ edaybgçMdUcmankMNt;niymn½yenAkfax½NÐ TI2 ¬c¦ énmaRta 7 vZÆkmμedaybgçM b¤ karbMBanpøÚvePTkñúgRTg;RTayepSg²eTot k¾begáItCakarbMBanya:g F¶n;F¶relIGnusBaØaRkughSWENvEdr}60 {kardwknaMedayectnanUvkarvayRbharRbqaMgnwgGaKar ]bkrN_ smÖar³suxaPi)al ]bkrN_dwkCBa¢ÚnevC¢saRsþ buKÁlikeBTü edaykareRbIR)as;nimμ itsBaØaedayELk² én GnusBaØaTIRkughSWENvRsbtamc,ab;GnþrCati }61 {karekNÐ b¤ karbBa©ÚlkumareRkamGayudb;R)aMqñaM[cUl bMerIkgT½BCati eRbIR)as;BYkeK[cUlrYmya;gskm μkñúgkarRbTUsþrayKña}62.

53 maRta 8 kfax½NÐTI2 ¬x¦/ ¬viii.¦ 54 maRta 8 kfax½NÐTI2 ¬x¦/ ¬xii.¦ 55 maRta 8 kfax½NÐTI2 ¬x¦/ ¬xiv.¦ 56 maRta 8 kfax½NÐTI2 ¬x¦/ ¬xv.¦ 57 maRta 8 kfax½NÐTI2 ¬x¦/ ¬xvii.¦ 58 maRta 8 kfax½NÐTI2 ¬x¦/ ¬xix.¦ 59

maRta 8 kfax½NÐTI2 ¬x¦/ ¬xx.¦ 60 maRta 8 kfax½NÐTI2 ¬x¦/ ¬xxii.¦ 61 maRta 8 kfax½NÐTI2 ¬x¦/ ¬xxiv.¦ 62 maRta 8 kfax½NÐTI2 ¬x¦/ ¬xxvi.¦


74

GMeBITaMgLayxagelIenHk¾RtUv)anEcgpgEdrkñúgGnusBaØaRkughSWENv ehIymüa:geTotkarEcgenH minpÞúynwgsμartIénc,ab;ExμrCaFrmaneLIy edayehtufa c,ab;CaFrmanénkm<úCabc©úb,nñmankarEcgGMBIkar pþnÞaeTasnUvbNþaGMeBImYycMnYnEdlCaFatupSMén]RkidækmμsRgÁam dUcCa GMeBIrMelaPesBsn§v³ GMeBITaskm μ pøÚvePT karmanKP’edaybgçM GMeBIeBsüakmμedaybgçM karbgçMmin[mankUn b¤GMeBIhwgSaF¶n;F¶relIpøÚvePT epSg²eTot.

müa:geTot maRta km 2131-2 énesckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ I kMNt;karpþnÞaeTascMeBaH]Rkidækmμ sRgÁamEdlRtUv)anRbRBwtþ {kñúgkMLúgCemøaHRbdab;GavuFCaGnþrCati b¤minEmnGnþrCati}.

k¾b:uEnþ fVIebImaRtaenH)anEcgGMBIkarpþnÞaeTas]RkidækmμsRgÁamkñúgkrNICemøaHRbdab;GavuFminEmn GnþrCati EtGMeBIelμ IsEdlCaFatupSMcMbgén]RkidækmμenHminRtUv)anEcg[)anc,as;dUcEdl)aneFVIkñúg maRta 8 kfax½NÐ 2 ¬K¦ nig¬g¦ énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmeT. dUcenHeKKYrEtbEnßmFatupSMTaMgenHeTAkñúg maRta km 2131-2 énesckIþRBagRkmRBhμTNÐf μ I.


edayeyageTAelIGVIEdl)anerobrab;xagelI km<úCaKYrEteFVIkarEkERbmaRta km 2131-2 énesckIþ RBagRkmRBh μTNÐ edayeFVIkarbEnßmFatupSMén]RkidækmμsRgÁam dUcEdlmanEcgkñúgmaRta 6 kfax½NÐ 2 ¬x¦/ ¬K¦ nig¬g¦ énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um ehIyEdlminmanEcgkñúgmaRta km 2131-2 bc©úb,nñ. maRta enHKYrEtEcgfa³

{ maRta km 2131-2³ bT]RkidæsRgÁamepSgeTot GMeBINamYydUcmanEcgxageRkamenH KWCabT]RkidæsRgÁamEdr kalebIGMeBIenaHRtUv)anRbRBwtþkñúg

»kasCemøaHRbdab;GavuFCalkçN³GnþrCati³ 1-kardwknaMedayectnanUvkarvayRbharRbqaMgnwgBlrdæsIuvil b¤RbqaMgnwgÉktþCnsIuvil Edlmin

cUlrYmedaypÞal;enAkñúgkarRbTUsþrayKña. 2-kardwknaMedayectnanUvkarvayRbharRbqaMgnwgvtßúsIuvil EdlenaHCavtßúEdlminEmnCacMNuc

eKaledAxageyaFa.


75

3-karsmøab; b¤kareFVIrbYsdl;yuT§CnEdl)anTmøak;GavuFrbs;xøÜncuH b¤CnEdlKμanmeFüa)ay karBarxøÜnteTAeTot Edl)ancuHcaj;RBmtamxøÜn

4-kareRbIR)as;minsmRsbnUvTg;p¥aksRgÁam Tg;Cati sBaØasMKal;eyaFa nigÉksNæansRtUv b¤ÉksNæanrbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCati k¾dUcCanimitþsBaØaedayELk²énGnusBaØaTIRkughSWENv EdlbNþal [mankarsøab; b¤eRKaHfñak;dl;mnusSya:gF¶n;F¶r.

5-karbBa¢Únpøas;TIkEnøgedaypÞal; b¤edayRbeyalnUvkmøaMgEdl kMBugkan;kab;EpñkxøHénBlrdæ sIuvilrbs;xøÜnpÞal;cUleTAkñúgTwkdIEdlxøÜncUlkan;kab; b¤karnireTs b¤karbBa¢Únpøas;TIBlrdæxøH b¤TaMgGs; énTwkdIEdl)ancUlkan;kab;eTAkñúgTwkdIenaH b¤ecjeRkATwkdIenaH.

6-karRbkasfanwgminpþl;karRtaRbNINamYyeLIy. 7-karRbkaslubecal BnüareBl b¤minTTYlykenAkñúgtulakar nUvsiT§i nigskmμPaBTaMgLay

rbs;BlrdæénPaKIbc©amitþ. 8-karbgçM[Blrdæ énPaKIbc©amitþ cUlrYmkñúgRbtibtþikarswksRgÁamdwknaMeFVIeLIgRbqaMgnwgRbeTs

rbs;BYkeKpÞal; eTaHbICaBYkeK)anbMerIkarRbTUsþraymunkarcab;epþImsRgÁamk¾eday. 9-kareRbIR)as;CatiBul b¤GavuFCatiBul. 10-kareRbIR)as;RKab;kaMePøIgEdlGacrIk b¤pÞúHEbkenAkñúgxøÜnmnusS)anya:ggay dUcCaRKab;kaMePøIg

EdlmanRsTab;eRsabBIeRkAya:grwgmaMEtminmaneRsabRtg;bNþÚlvaTaMgmUl b¤EdlmaneRcokedaysñam vH.

11-kareRbIR)as;GavuF kaMePøIgepøag RBmTaMg]bkrN_ nigviFIsaRsþeFVIsRgÁamswkEdlman lkçN³ bNþal[eRKaHfñak;d¾elIslub b¤eRKaHfñak;EdlmincaM)ac; b¤EdlminerIsmux ya:gCab;enAkñúg karbMBan c,ab;GnþrCatisþIBICemøaHRbdab;GavuFedaylkçx½NÐfa GavuF kaMePøIgepøag RBmTaMg]bkrN_ nigviFIsaRsþeFVI sRgÁamswkenaHKWCakmμvtßúénkarhamXat;d¾TUlMTUlaymYy ehIyRtUv)andak;bBa©Úlkñúg ]bsm<½n§énc,ab; lkçnþik³enHedaykareFVIviesaFnkmμ GnuelamtambTb,BaØtþiBak;B½n§dUcmanEcgkñúg maRta121 nig123.

12-karRbRBwtþiGMeBIcab;rMelaP Taskm μpøÚvePT eBsüakm μedaybgçM karmanKP’edaybgçM dUcman kMNt;niymn½yenAkfax½NÐTI2 ¬c¦ énmaRta 7 vZÆkmμedaybgçM b¤karbMBanpøÚvePTkñúg RTg;RTayepSg² eTot k¾begáItCakarbMBanya:gF¶n;F¶relIGnusBaØaRkughSWENvEdr.


76

13-kardwknaMeday ectnanUvkarvayRbharRbqaMgnwgGaKar ]bkrN_ smÖar³suxaPi)al ]bkrN_ dwkCBa¢ÚnevC¢saRsþ buKÁlikeBTü edaykareRbIR)as;nimμitsBaØaedayELk²énGnusBaØa TIRkughSWENvRsb tamc,ab;GnþrCati.

14-karekNÐ b¤karbBa©ÚlkumareRkamGayudb;R)aMqñaM[cUlbMerIkgT½BCati eRbIR)as;BYkeK[cUl rYmya;gskmμkñúgkarRbTUsþrayKña.

15-kareRbIR)as;GavuFEdlmanCatiBul b¤GavuF EdlsßabnaeLIgedIm,IbgákarQWcab;\tRbeyaCn_. 16-GMeBIvayRbhar b¤Tmøak;RKab;EbkedayectnatammeFüa)ayNak¾eday eTAelITIRkug PUmi

kEnøgrs;enA b¤GaKarEdlminmankarkarBar nigEdlminEmnCakmμvtßúxageyaFa. 17-GMeBIvayRbharedayectnaeTAelImnusS b¤smÖar³EdleRbIR)as;kñúgRkbx½NÐénebskkmμ

mnusSFm’ edayGnuelamtamFm μnuBaØrbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCati. 18-GMeBIbgáeRKaHTur’Pikedayectnadl;RbCaCnsIuvil edaydkhUtnUvRTBüsm,tþicaM)ac;sRmab;

bnþkarrs;ranmanCIvitrbs;CnsIuvilTaMgenH. 19-GMeBIeRbIR)as;CnsIuvil edIm,IeCosvagnUvRbtibtþikareyaFaeTAelIGaKarxøH tMbn;xøHénEdndI b¤

kgkMlaMgeyaFaxøH. 20-GMeBIbMpøaj b¤eFVI[xUcxatedayectna nUvGaKarsRmab;sasna sb,úrsFm’ Gb;rM sil,³ nig

viTüasaRsþ vimanRbvtþisaRsþ sñaédsil,³ b¤sñaédEdlmanlkçN³viTüasaRsþ. 21-GMeBIbgádl;brisßanFmμCati nUvkarxUcxatd¾FM yUrGEgVg nigF¶n;F¶rEdlmanlkçN³hYsehtu

ya:gCak;Esþg ebIeRbobeTAnwgplRbeyaCn_BitR)akd nigpÞal;xagEpñkeyaFaEdlsgÇwmTuk. 22-karlYcbøn;nUvsm,tþisaFarN³ b¤ÉkCn.} kñúgkrNICemøaHeyaFaEdlminmancriklkçN³CaGnþrCati nwgRtUvcat;TukfaCa]RkidækmμsRgÁam GMeBI

NamYykñúgcMenamGMeBIEdlmanerobrab;xageRkam RbRBwtþRbqaMgnwgCnTaMgLayNaEdlmin)ancUlrYm skmμkñúgkarRbTUsþray rYmTaMgsmaCikénBlTahanEdl)anTmøak;GavuFrbs;xøÜncuH nigGñkEdlminsßitenA kñúgTIlanRbyuT§edaymanCMgW rbYs karXMuXaMg b¤edaymUlehtuepSgeTot³

1-karb:HBal;dl;GayuCIvit nigdl;bUrNPaBxagragkay CaBiessGMeBImnusSXatRKb;rUbPaB TaMgGs; kareFVIkayvikl karRbRBWtþiedayeXareXA nigGMeBITaruNkm μ.


77

2-karb:HBal;dl;esckIþéføfñÚrrbs;buKÁl CaBiesskarRbRBwtþiEdlnaM[manPaBGama:s; nigGs; témøCamnusS.

3-karcab;CacMNab;x μaMg.

4-karkat;eTas nigkarGnuvtþn_eTasedayKμansalRkmkat;eTasecjedaytulakar EdlRtUv )anbegáIteLIgCaRbRktI Edlpþl;karFanaxagtulakar EdlCaTUeTARtUv)anTTYlsÁal;famanPaBsMxan; xanmin)an.

kñúgkrNICemøaHeyaFaEdlminmancriklkçN³CaGnþrCati k¾nwgRtUvcat;TukpgEdrfaCa]Rkidækmμ sRgÁam GMeBINamYykñúgcMenamGMeBIEdlmanerobrab;xageRkam³

1-kardwknaMedayectnanUvkarvayRbharRbqaMgnwgBlrdæsIuvil b¤ RbqaMgnwgÉktþCnsIuvilEdl mincUlrYmedaypÞal;enAkñúgkarRbTUsþrayKña.

2-kardwknaMeday ectnanUvkarvayRbharRbqaMgnwgGaKar ]bkrN_ smÖar³suxaPi)al ]bkrN_ dwkCBa¢ÚnevC¢saRsþ buKÁlikeBTü edaykareRbIR)as;nim μ itsBaØaedayELk²énGnusBaØa TIRkughSWENv Rsb tamc,ab;GnþrCati.

3-kardwknaMedayectnanUvkarvayRbharRbqaMgnwgmRnþI b:usþ×TItaMg ]bkrN_ smÖar³ b¤yanCMniH Bak;B½n§nwgCMnYymnusSFm’ b¤ebskkm μrkSasnþiPaB RsbtamFmμnuBaØshRbCaCati drabNaBYkeKman siT§iTTYl)ankarkarBar Edlman[dl;BlrdæsIuvil b¤vtßúsIuvil tamc,ab;sþIBICemøaHRbdab;GavuF.

4-kardwknaMedayectnanUvkarvayRbharRbqaMgnwgGaKarEdleRbIR)as;sRmab;eKalbMNg sasna karGb;rM sil,³ viTüasaRsþ b¤eKalbMNgsb,úrsFm’ vimanRbvtþisaRsþ mnÞIreBTü nigTIkEnøg EdlmanGñkCMgW nigGñkrbYsRbmUlpþúM edayTIkEnøgenaHminEmnCacMnuceKaledAeyaFa.

5-karcUllYcbøn;TIRkug b¤kEnøgNamYy eTaHbICaeFVIeLIgedaykarvaytb;k¾eday. 6-karRbRBwtþiGMeBIrMelaPesBsn§v³ Taskm μpøÚvePT eBsüakm μedaybgçM karmanKP’edaybgçM dUc

mankMNt;niymn½ykñúgmaRta 7 kfax½NÐ2 ¬c¦ vZÆkmμedaybgçM nigGMeBIbMBanpøÚvePTkñúgRTg;RTayNa epSgeTot k¾begáIt)anCakarbMBanya:gF¶n;F¶relImaRta3rYm énGnusBaØaRkughSWENvTaMgbYnEdr.

7-karekNÐ nigbBa©ÚlkumareRkamGayu15qñaM [cUlkñúgkmøaMgRbdab;GavuF b¤RkumRbdab;GavuF b¤ eRbIR)as;BYkeK[bMerIkarya:gskmμkñúgkarRbTUsþray.


78

8-kardak;bBa¢a[BlrdæsIuvilpøas;TIlMenA edaysarmUlehtuBak;B½n§nwgCemøaHenaH elIkElgEt mankarBak;B½n§nwgsuvtßiPaBénBlrdæsIuvil b¤manmUlehtumkBIPaBcaM)ac;xageyaFatRmUv[eFVIdUecñaH.

9-karsmøab; b¤kareFVI[rgrbYsdl;BlTahanEdlk,t;. 10-karRbkasfanwgminpþl;karRtaRbNINamYyeLIy. 11-kardak;CnEdlsßitenAkñúgGMNacénPaKImYyeToténCemøaH[rgkareFVIkayvikl b¤karBiesaFn_

xagevC¢saRsþ b¤xagviTüasaRsþNamYy EdlminRtUv)aneFVIyutþikm μedaykarBüa)alevC¢saRsþ TnþsaRsþ b¤karedkeBTüdl;CnBak;B½n§enaH EdlmineFVIeLIgkñúgRbeyaCn_rbs;CnenaH nigEdlbNþal[ CnenaHsøab; b¤eFVI[CnenaHrgeRKaHfñak;d¾F¶n;F¶rdl;suxPaB.

12-karbMpøaj karrwbGUsykRTBüsm,tþirbs;bc©amitþ elIkElgEtkarbMpøaj b¤karrwbGUsyk enaHRtUvTamTarbBa¢ar[eFVIedaysarPaBcaM)ac;énCemøaHenaH.


79

CMBUkTI4³ karGnuvtþeKalkarN_bMeBjbEnßm

enAkñúgnItirYmkm<úCa man]bsKÁcMbgcMnYnBIrcMeBaHkarGnuvtþeKalkarN_bMeBjbEnßm KWkarelIkElg eTas nigeTasTNÐEdlGacdak;elICnRbRBwtþGMeBI]RkidæEdlmanEcgkñúgmaRta 5 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um.

k> karelIkElgeTas³ ]bsKÁcMeBaHkarGnuvtþn_eKalkarN_bMeBjbEnßm

maRta 17 kfax½NÐ1 vaküx½NÐ k énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um)anEcgfa tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatiminman smtßkic©kñúgkarCMnMuCRmHelI]RkidækmμEdlmanEcgkñúgmaRta5 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmeT RbsinebIsMNMuerOgén ]Rkidækm μenH {kMBugsßiteRkamkaresIubGegát b¤karCMnMuCRmHedaytulakarénrdæEdlmansmtßkic© elIerOgenH elIkElgEtkñúgkrNIEdlrdæenHminmanqnÞ³ b¤minmanlT§PaBRKb;RKan;kñúgkaresIubGegát b¤CMnMuCRmHerOg enH}.

ebIeyageTAelIRbePTénbT]RkidæEdlCasmtßkic©rbs;tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati edIm,I[CMnMuCRmH bT]RkidæTaMgenH edaytulakarCatiénrdæmYyRtUv)ancat;TukfamanRbsiT§iPaB drabNaEtkarelIkElgeTas minRtUv)aneKykmkGnuvtþ ebImindUecñaHeT rdæenHnwgRtUvcat;TukfaminmanqnÞ³ b¤smtßPaBkñúgkar CMnMuCRmH ehIytulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatimansmtßkic©kñúgkarykerOgenHmkCMnMuCRmHRsbtammaRta 17 kfax½NÐ1 ¬k¦.

1- GMBIc,ab;Exμr

1-k> karelIkElgeTasCaTUeTA

karelIkElgeTasCaTUeTAEdleFVIeLIgelIGMeBINamYymanGanuPaBRbtiskmμ edaylubbM)at;ecal TaMgRsugnUvlkçN³CabTelμ IsénGMeBIenaH. karelIkElgeTasCaTUeTAenHmanGanuPaBrMlt;bNþwgGaCJa nig lubecalnUveTasEdl)anRbkasedaytulakar.

maRta 90 rdæFm μnuBaØénRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCaEcgfa³

{rdæsPaGnum½tc,ab;sþIBIkarelIkElgeTasCaTUeTA. }


80

dUcenH manEtrdæsPaeTEdlmanGMNacpþl;karelIkElgeTasCaTUeTAtamry³c,ab;.

karelIkElgeTasCaTUeTak¾RtUv)anEcgenAkñúgmaRta195 196 nig197 énRkmRBh μTNÐqñaM 1955. maRta 195 Ecgfa³

{karelIkElgeTasRtUvEt)ankMNt;edayc,ab;. karelIkElgeTasmanGnuPaBrMlt;bNþwgGaCJa Tak;TgnwgbTel μ IsmYycMnYn EdlmankMNt;enAkñúgc,ab;EdlelIkElgeTas niglubecalCasßaBrnUvkar eTascMbg b¤bnÞab;bnSMEdlRtUv)anRbkaseLIgRsbeTAtamlkçx½NÐénc,ab;. k¾b:uEnþ RbsinebIeTasenaH Ca eTasBin½y ehIyTNÐit)anbg;Bin½yenaHrYceTAehIypg tulakarminRtUvsgR)ak;Bin½yenaHeTaTNÐitvijeT.

RBHraCRkmenHnwgelIkElgeTas[EtbTelμ IsNa EdlRtUv)anRbRBwtþmunéf¶Rbkas[eRbIRBHraC RkmenHEtb:ueNÑaH. }

karelIkElgeTasCaTUeTAmanGanuPaBEteTAelIbNþwgGaCJaEdlRtUv)anrMlt; nigeTascMbg b¤ eTas bnÞab;bnSM EdlRtUv)anlubecalEtb:ueNÑaH Etminb:HBal;dl;karTTYlxusRtUvxagEpñkrdæb,evNIeLIy63. Cn rgeRKaHedaysarbTel μ IsEdlRtUv)anelIkElgeTasCaTUeTA GacbþwgeTAtulakarmansmtßkic© edIm,ITamTar sMNgCMgWcitþEdlbgáreLIgedaybTelμ IsenH b:uEnþminmaneTasRBh μTNÐNamYy GacnwgRtUvsMercdak;elI Cnel μ IseLIy.

esckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ I )anEcgGMBIkarelIkElgeTasCaTUeTAenAkñúgmaRta km 1253-1 maRta km 1253-2 nigmaRta km 1253-3 dUcteTA³

{maRta km 1253-1³ GanuPaBénkarelIkElgeTas karelIkElgeTasCaTUeTAdUcmanEcgkñúgmaRta 90 énrdæFm μnuBaØ lubbM)at;ecalnUvTNÐkmμ Edl

Bak;B½n§nwgc,ab;elIkElgeTas. eTasminGacGnuvtþ)aneT. eTasEdlkMBugGnuvtþRtUv)anbBa©b;Cayfaehtu. b:uEnþcMeBaHR)ak;Bin½y nigR)ak;Rbdab;kIþEdl)anbg;rYcehIyminGacTarsMNgBIrdæ)aneT. maRta km 1253-2³ karelIkElgeTas nigkardkkarBüÜreTas

63 maRta 196 énRkmRBh μTNÐkm<úCaqñaM1955


81

kalebIkarBüÜreTasBImunRtUv)andkhUtedayGanuPaBénkarpþnÞaeTasxageRkay karelIkElg eTasCaTUeTAenHbegáIteLIgvijnUvkarBüÜreTas.

maRta km 1253-3³ karCYsCulkarxUcxatdl;CnrgeRKaHkñúgkrNIénkarelIkElgeTas

elIkElgEtmanbTb,BaØtþipÞúyénc,ab;karelIkElgeTasCaTUeTA minman]bsKÁdl;siT§irbs;Cn rgeRKaHkñúgkarTTYlsMNgkarCYsCulénkarxUcxateLIy.}

sarubesckIþmk fVIebIkarelIkElgeTasCaTUeTAminmanGanuPaBlubecalnUvsMNgCMgWcitþxagEpñk rdæb,evNI EtvanaM[manniTNÐPaBxagEpñkRBh μTNÐ.

edayeyageTAelIPaBF¶n;F¶rén]Rkidækm μRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]RkidækmμRbqaMgmnusSCati nig]Rkidækmμ sRgÁam eKKYrEtEcgenAkñúgnItirYmkm<úCafa karelIkElgeTasCaTUeTAminGacGnuvtþcMeBaH]Rkidækm μxagelIenH eLIy.

1-x> karGnueRKaHeTas

karGnueRKaHeTas fVIt,itEtvamanplvi)akminF¶n;F¶rdUcCakarelIkElgeTasCaTUeTA EtvaGacnaM [CnEdlRtUv)ansMercfamanBiruT§rYcBIeTasTaMgRsug b¤mYyEpñk b¤TTYleTasRsalCageTas Edl)ankMNt; edayesckIþseRmcrbs;tulakar.

enARbeTskm<úCa karGnueRKaHeTas KWCaGMNacqnÞanusiT§irbs;RBHmhakSRt. maRta 27 énrdæ- FmμnuBaØénRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa)anEcgfa³

{RBHmhakSRtRTg;manRBHraCsiT§ibn§ÚrbnßyeTas nigelIkElgeTas. }

Rkwtüelx28 cuHéf¶TI20 mifuna 1988 sþIBIlkç½NÐénkaresñIsMuelIkElgeTas b¤bnßyeTas nig saracrN_ENnaMelx282 cuHéf¶TI24 kumÖ³ 1994 )anEcgbBa¢ak;GMBIrbbKtiyutþénkarbn§Úrbnßy nigkar elIkElgeTasenH.

esckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ Ik¾)anEcgpgEdrGMBIkarGnueRKaHeTas enAkñúgmaRta km 1252-1 nig maRta km 1252-2³


82

{maRta km 1252-1³ GanuPaBénkarGnueRKaHeTas

karGnueRKaHeTasdUcEdlmanEcgenAkñúgmaRta27 énrdæFm μnuBaØelIkElg[TNÐitrYcputBIkarGnuvtþ eTas.

maRta km 1252-2³ karCYsCulkarxUcxatdl;CnrgeRKaHkñúgkrNIénkarGnueRKaHeTas

elIkElgEtbTb,BaØtþipÞúyénRBHraCRkwtü karGnueRKaHeTasminCa]bsKÁdl;siT§irbs;CnrgeRKaHkñúg karTTYlsMNgCYsCulkarxUcxateT.}

dUcKñanwgkrNIelIkElgeTasCaTUeTAEdr eKKYrEtEcgenAkñúgc,ab;RBh μTNÐEx μrfa karelIkElgeTas minGacGnuvtþ)ancMeBaH]RkidækmμRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]RkidækmμRbqaMgmnusSCati nig]RkidækmμsRgÁameLIy.

2- kareRbobeFobc,ab;ExμreTAnwglkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um

lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Ummin)anEcgGMBIniymn½yénkarelIkElgeTasCaTUeTA b¤ viFankarN_Rbhak;Rb Ehl ehIyk¾min)aneFVIkareyageTAelIGtßbTKtiyutþNamYysþIBIkarelIkElgeTasCaTUeTAenHeT. bBaða elIkElgeTasCaTUeTAenH KWCabBaðaneya)ay. Baküfa {karelIkElgeTasCaTUeTA} minmanEcgTal; EtesaHenAkñúglkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um. b:uEnþ ebIeyIgGanmaRta 17 kfax½NÐ2 ¬k¦ nigmaRta 20 kfax½NÐ3 ¬k¦EdlekItecjGMBIkarsRmbsRmYlxagneya)ayeyIgGacsegáteXIjfa rdæCasmaCikhak;dUcCaman ectnaEcgGMBIkarelIkElgeTasCaTUeTAenH edaymineRbIBakücM².

maRta 17 kfax½NÐ2 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um Ecgfa³

{2> edIm,IkMNt;GMBIPaBKμanqnÞ³kñúgkrNICak;lak;mYy tulakarRtUvBicarNaedaysMGagelIeKal karN_éndMeNIrkarsmrmüEdl)anTTYlsÁal;edayc,ab;GnþrCati faetIcMNucmYyb¤eRcIn dUcteTA enHekIt manedIm,IGacGnuvtþ)anb¤eT ³

¬k¦ krNITaMgenaH)an b¤kMBugdMeNIrkar b¤esckIþseRmcfñak;Cati)aneFVIeLIgkñúgeKalbMNgbiT )aMgCnBak;B½n§BIkarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBhμTNÐ cMeBaHbTelμ IsRBhμTNÐ EdlsßitkñúgyutþaFikarrbs;tulakar dUcmanEcgkñúgmaRta 5 ¬>>>¦}


83

karEcgkñúgmaRtaenHmann½yfa kñúgkrNIEdlrdæmYyminmanqnÞ³CMnMuCRmH]RkidæCn Edl)anRbRBwtþ bT]RkidæEdlmanEcgkñúgmaRta 5 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um b¤ RbkasfaxøÜnmansmtßkic©CMnMuCRmHkñúgeKalbMNg eFVIya:gNa[]RkidæCnrYcputBIsMNaj;yutþiFm’tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatiGacnwgmansmtßkic©kñúgkar CMnMuCRmHelIbT]RkidækmμenH.

maRta 20 kfax½NÐ3 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmEcgfa³

{K μanCnNamñak; EdlRtUv)anCMnMuCRmHenAkñúgtulakarmYyeTot cMeBaHbTelμ IsRBhμTNÐEdl)an BiBN’napgEdrenAkñúgmaRta6 7 b¤8 RtUvCMnMuCRmHedaytulakarTak;TgeTAelIkarRbRBwtþidUcKñaEtmYyeT elIk ElgEtdMeNIrkarTaMgLayenAkñúgtulakarmYyepSgeTotenaH³

¬k¦ RtUv)aneFVIeLIgsMrab;eKalbMNglak;)aMgCnEdlBak;B½n§ BIkarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBh μTNÐ sMrab; bTel μ IsEdlsßitenAkñúgyutþaFikaréntulakar.}

eyagtammaRtaenH eyIgGacsn μt;)anfa RbsinebIrdæmYyGnuvtþkarelIkElgeTasCaTUeTA b¤ viFankarN_Rbhak;RbEhl rdæenaHnwgRtUvcat;TukfaminmanqnÞ³kñúgkarpþnÞaeTas]RkidæCn b¤ k¾manqnÞ³kñúg kareFVIya:gNa[]RkidæCnenaHrYcBIkarTTYlxusRtUvRBhμTNÐ.


km<úCaKYreFVIkarEkERbmaRta 27 nigmaRta 90 rdæFm μnuBaØénRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa edayEcgbEnßmfakar GnueRKaHeTas nigkarGnum½tc,ab;sþIBIkarelIkElgeTasCaTUeTAminGaceFVIeTA)aneTkñúgkrNI]Rkidækmμ Rbl½yBUCsasn_ ]RkidækmμRbqaMgmnusSCati nig]RkidækmμsRgÁam. maRtaTaMgBIrenHKYrRtUv)anEcgdUc teTA³

{maRta 27³

elIkElgEtkñúgkrNIEdlmanEcgkñúgkfax½NÐxageRkam RBHmhakSRtmanRBHraCsiT§ikñúgkarbn§Úrbnßy eTas nigelIkElgeTas.


84

kñúgkrNI]Rkidækm μRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]RkidækmμRbqaMgmnusSCati nig]Rkidækm μsRgÁam karbn§ÚrbnßyeTas nigkarelIkElgeTasminGaceFVIeTA)aneT.

maRta 90³

rdæsPaCaGgÁkarEdlmanGMNacnItibBaØtþi ehIybMeBjParkic©rbs;xøÜndUc)ankMNt;kñúgrdæFmμnuBaØ nig c,ab; CaFrman.

rdæsPaGnum½tfvikarCati Epnkarrdæ kar[rdæx©IR)ak;BIeK kar[rdæ[R)ak;eKx©I karsnüananaEpñkhirBaØvtßú nig karbegáIt EkERbb¤lubecalBn§dar.

rdæsPa[esckIþyl;RBmcMeBaHKNnIrdæ)al.

elIkElgEtkñúgkrNIEdlmanEcgxageRkamenH rdæsPaGnum½tc,ab;sþIkarelIkElgeTasCaTUeTA.

c,ab;sþIBIkarelIkElgeTasCaTUeTAenHminGacGnum½t)aneTkñúgkrNI]Rkidækm μRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]Rkidkmμ RbqaMgmnusSCati nig]RkidækmμsRgÁam.

rdæsPaGnum½tyl;RBmb¤lubecalsn§isBaØa b¤GnusBaØaGnþrCati.

rdæsPaGnum½tc,ab;sþIBIkarRbkassRgÁam.

karGnum½txagelIenH RbRBwtþeTAedaymtiPaKeRcIndac;xaténsmaCikrdæsPaTaMgmUl.

rdæsPae)aHeqñatTukcitþdl;raCrdæaPi)altammtiPaKeRcInBIrPaKbIénsmaCikrdæsPaTaMgmUl. }

km<úCak¾KYrEteFVIkarEkERbpgEdrnUvmaRta km 1252-1 nig km 1253-1 énesckIþRBagRkmRBhμTNÐ fμ I edayeFVIkarbEnßmfa karGnueRKaHeTas nig karelIkElgeTasCaTUeTAminGacGnuvtþ)aneTenAkñúgkrNI ]RkidækmμRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]RkidækmμRbqaMgmnusSCati nig ]Rkidækm μsRgÁam. maRtaTaMgBIrenHnwgEcgdUc teTA³

{ maRta km 1252-1³ GanuPaBénkarGnueRKaHeTas


85

elIkElgEtkñúgkrNIEdlmanEcgkñúgkfax½NÐxageRkam karGnueRKaHeTasdUcEdlmanEcgenAkñúg maRta 27 énrdæFm μnuBaØelIkElg[TNÐitrYcputBIkarGnuvtþn_eTas.

enAkñúgkrNIénbTRbl½yBUCsasn_]Rkidækm μRbqaMgmnusSCati nig]RkidækmμsRgÁamkarGnueRKaH eTas minGaceFVIeTA)aneT.

maRta km 1253-1³ GanuPaBénkarelIkElgeTas elIkElgEtkñúgkrNIEdlmanEcgkñúgkfax½NÐxageRkam karelIkElgeTasCaTUeTAdUcmanEcgkñúg

maRta 90 énrdæFm μnuBaØ lubbM)at;ecalnUvTNÐkmμ EdlBak;B½n§nwgc,ab;elIkElgeTas. eTasminGacGnuvtþ)aneT. eTasEdlkMBugGnuvtþRtUv)anbBa©b;Cayfaehtu. b:uEnþcMeBaHR)ak;Bin½y nigR)ak;Rbdab;kIþEdl)anbg;rYcehIyminGacTarsMNgBIrdæ)aneT. enAkñúgkrNIénbTRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]RkidækmμRbqaMgmnusSCati nig]RkidækmμsRgÁam karelIkElg

eTasminGaceFVIeTA)aneT. }

x>bBaðaTak;TgnwgeTasTNÐ

enAeBlEdlbuKÁlNamYyRtUv)ankat;[Cab;eTasBIbTRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]RkidækmμRbqaMgmnusS Cati b¤ ]RkidækmμsRgÁam edaytulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati buKÁlenaHRtUvTTYleTasRsbtamkarEcg kñúgmaRta 77 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um Edl)anEcgfa³

{maRta 77³ GMBITNÐkmμEdlGacykeTAGnuvtþ)an

1>elIkElgEtkñúgkrNIEdlmanEcgkñúgmaRta 110 tulakarGacdak;TNÐkm μelICn EdlmanBiruT§BI bTRBh μTNÐeRkammaRta5 énlkçnþik³enH nUvTNÐkmμmYykñúgcMeNamTNÐkm μTaMgLaydUcteTAenH ³

¬k¦ eTasBn§naKar tamcMnYnqñaMEdl)ankMNt; EdlminelIsBIcMnYneTasGtibrima30qñaM b¤


86

¬x¦ eTasBn§naKarGs;mYyCIvit ebIRtUv)aneFVIyutþikmμedaysßanTMgn;eTasd¾F¶n;F¶rénbTel μ Is RBh μTNÐ RBmTaMgkal³eTs³ÉktþbuKÁlrbs;BiruT§Cn

2> tulakarGacdak;TNÐkmμbEnßmelIeTasBn§naKarnUv³

¬k¦ karpakBin½yCaR)ak; tamlkçN³vinicä½ydUcmanEcgenAkñúgviFanénnItiviFInigPsþútag

¬x¦ kardkhUtplBIkarlk;RTBü kardkhUtRTBüsm,tþi nigRTBüFn Edl)anmkedaypÞal; b¤ minpÞal;BIbTelμ IsRBhμTNÐenaH edayminmanGKtiFm’cMeBaHsiT§irbs;ttiyPaKIEdlsucriteLIy.}

bc©úb,nñenH dUcEdleyIg)aneXIjrYcmkehIyfa nItikm μénRbeTskm<úCamin)anEcgGMBIkarbRgáab GMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]RkidækmμRbqaMgmnusSCati b¤ ]RkidækmμsRgÁamenaHeT. manEtGMeBIelμ IsmYycMnYn EdlGacCaFatupSMénbT]RkidæxagelIb:ueNÑaHEdlnwgRtUvTTYlnUvkarpþnÞaeTas. eTasEdlGacdak;elICn Edl)anRbRBwtþGMeBIelμ IsTaMgenH KWkarCab;Bn§naKarBI20qñaM dl;Gs;mYyCIvit sMrab;bTelμ Is]Rkidæ Edl)an RbRBWtþedaymansßanTm¶n;eTas Rsbtamc,ab;sþIBIsßanTm¶n;eTasTak;TgnwgeTas]Rkidæ64.

esckIþRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ IkMNt;GMBIkarpþnÞaeTasGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]RkidækmμRbqaMgmnusSCati nig]RkidækmμsRgÁam edaykMNt;eTasdak;Bn§naKarGs;mYyCIvitdl;rUbv½nþbuKÁl Edl)anRbRBwtþ]Rkidækm μTaMg enH ¬maRta km 2111-2 km 2121-2 km 2131-3¦ nigkarBin½yCaR)ak;BI50 lanerol eTA500 lanerol ¬maRta km 2111-5/ km 2121-5 km 2131-6¦. ]RkidæCnk¾Gac nwgRtUvTTYleTas bnÞab;bnSMepSgeTotpgEdr ¬maRta km 2111-4 km 2121-4/ km 2131-5 cMeBaHrUbv½nþbuKÁl maRta km 2111-5 km 2121-5 km 2131-6 cMeBaHnItibuKÁl¦.


sUm[eTasTNÐEdlykmkGnuvtþcMeBaH]Rkidækm μRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]RkidækmμRbqaMgmnusSCati nig]Rkidæ kmμsRgÁam EdlmanEcgkñúgmaRta km 2111-2/ km 2111-4/ km 2111-5/ km 2121-2/ km 2121-4/ km 2121-5/ km 2131-3/ km 2131-5/ km 2131-6 énesckIþRBagRkmRBhμTNÐfμ I 64 c,ab;sþIBIsßanTm¶n;eTasTak;TgnwgbT]Rkidæ cuHéf¶TI7 Exmkra qñaM 2007.


87

RsbeTAnwgmaRta 77 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um nigsUmeFVIkarKaMRTTaMgRsug[ GñktMNagraRsþExμreFVIkarGnum½t maRtaTaMgenH.


88

EpñkTI4 : eKalkarN_TUeTAénnIti esckþIepþIm eKalkarN_TUeTAénnItiKWCa {bMNkRsayxagKtiyutiþd¾x<s;mYy EdleKsn μt;fa ekItmanmun bTdæanKtiyutiþ}65.

eKalkarN_enHnaMeGayekItmanviFanviC¢manpgbMeBjbEnßmeGayviFanviC¢manpg nigGacQandl; mankarkarBarviFanviC¢manenHeTotpg. CaTUeTAeKalkarN_TaMgenHTak;TgnwgnItiviFIRBhμTNÐ ehIyeKal karN_ EdlRtUv)aneKsÁal;CageKKWsiT§IkñúgkarkarBarxøÜntampøÚvtulakar EdleyIgnwgelIkykmkGFib,ay enAxageRkay66.

eTaHbICaenARKadMbUgeKalkarN_ TaMgenaHminRtUv)aneKsresrCalaylkçN_GkSr enAkñúgRbB½n§ yutþiFm’RBhμTNÐTaMgGs;k¾edayk¾yutþisa®sþCatirbs;RbeTsnImYy²)anxMRbwgelIkbgðaj nUveKalkarN_ TaMgenHehIyCajwkjab;Gñktak;Etgc,ab;fñak;Cati)anbBa©ÚleKalkarN_TaMgGs;enH eTAkñúgc,ab;kñúgRsuk rbs;xøÜnpgEdr.

EtpÞúyeTAvijCaTUeTAenARbeTskm<úCa yutþisa®sþesÞIrEtK μanTal;EtesaH CaBiesskñúgvis½y]Rkidæ kmμGnþrCati. cMENkÉbBaØtþic,ab;sþIBIbBaðaenHeTotesatk¾enAmanPaBxVHcenøaHeRcIn. ehtudUecñH CaTUeTA cMeBaH]RkidækmμTaMgenH eKcaM)ac;RtUvEteyageTAelIlkçnþik³rbs;tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati Edl)anEcgnUv eKalkarN_TUeTAénnItiGnþrCati mYycMnYnenAkñúgCMBUkTI 3.

lkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmCaBiessmaRta 25 dl; 33 )anEcgnUvviFannanaEdlkMNt;GMBIkarTTYlxusRtUv pÞal;xøÜnxagRBhμTNÐrbs;buKÁlmñak;²RBmTaMgGMBImUlehtuepSg²EdlnaMeGaymankarrYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBhμTNÐ rbs;BYkeKpgEdr.

müa:gvijeTot sUm,IEtviFannana EdlEcgkñúglkçnþik³TIRkugr:Umk¾enAmanPaBxVHcenøaHb¤CYnkalrhUt dl;manPaBminsIusgVak;KñaEfmeTotpg. dUcenH vaetagTamTar[Gñktak;Etgc,ab;begáItbTbBaØtþifμ I² sRmab;bMeBjbEnßm b¤ eFVIkarEksMrYlbTbBaØtþiEdlmanRsab; RbsinebIKμanyutþisaRsþCatienaHeT.

65 H. Motulsky, {nItiFm μCatienAkñúgkarGnuvtþn_yutþisa®sþ ³ kareKarBsiTi§kñúgkarkarBarxøÜntampøÚvtulakar enAkñúgnItiviFIrdæb,evNI}/ Mélanges

Roubier, 1961, TMB½r 175 nigbnþbnÞab;. 66 sUmGanEpñkTI VII.


89

CMBUk1 : karTTYlxusRtUvxagRBhμTNÐrbs;buKÁlmñak;²³maRta25énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um k> GvtþmanénkarTTYlsÁal;fa mankarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBhμTNÐrbs;nItibuKÁl

kfax½NÐ1rbs;maRta25énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um)anEcgfa ³ {tulakarKwmansmtßkic©cMeBaH rUbv½nþbuKÁlTaMgLyGnuelamtambBaØtþirbs;lkçnþik³enH}.

rIÉkarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBh μTNÐrbs;nItibuKÁlvijminRtUv)anEcgenAkñúglkçnþik³enHeTRsbtambMNgR)afñarbs;rdæCaPaKImYycMnYnEdl)anelIkeLIgenAeBltak;EtgGtßbTenH67.

maRta 9 nig bnþrbnÞab; énlkçnþik³rbs;tulakareyaFaGnþrCatiEnrwmEb‘r (Tribunal militaire

international de Nuremberg) )anTTYlsÁal;eKalkarN_énkarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBhμTNÐ rbs;GgÁkar TaMgLayEdlRbRBwtþbT]Rkidæ. b:uEnþ eKalkarN_énkarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBhμTNÐrbs;nItibuKÁlenAEtRtUv)anbdiesFedayGñktak; Etglkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um edayehtufa karTTYlxusRtUvRbePTenHminTan;RtUv)aneKTTYlykenAeLIyeT enA kñúgRbB½n§yutþiFm’FM²PaKeRcIn ehIyCaTUeTA KWedaysarmUlehtuneya)ay nigesdækic©. EtGvtþmanénkarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBh μTNÐrbs;nItibuKÁl enAkñúglkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmenH minmanlkçN³dac; xatenaHeT eRBaHfalkçN³vinicä½yénbTel μ Is cMeBaHkarcUlrYmCamYyKña nigkarrYmKMnitKña RtUv)ankMNt; edIm,I GacpþnÞaeTasbuKÁlTaMgLay Edl)anRbRBwtþCaRkum EdlmanlkçN³dUcKñaeTAnwgGgÁkar EdlRbRBwtþbT el μ Is. c,ab;RBhμTNÐExμr EdlmanCaFrmank¾min)anEcgpgEdrGMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBh μTNÐrbs;nIti buKÁl. tamkarBit bTbBaØtþism½yGnþrkal nigRkmRBh μTNÐqñaM 1955 min)anelIkbgðajBIbBaðaenHeT. maRta 1 énRkmRBh μTNÐqñaM 1955 )anEcgy:agc,as;EtcMeBaHkarTTYlxusRtUvpÞal;xøÜnxagRBh μTNÐrbs; buKÁlmñak;² b:ueNÑaH. maRtaenH)anEcgdUcteTA³ {c,ab;bBaØtþifaRtUvTukGMeBIxøHrbs;mnusS faCabTelμ Is ehIybTelμ IsenHRtUvEt)anTTYleTas eRBaHfabTel μ Is

enaH GaceFVIeGaysgÁm mnusSkkrl¥k;)an}.

67 Ca]TahrN_ RbeTs)araMgmanbMNgcg;eGay nItibuKÁl GacRtUv)aneKbþwg dUcCaRkumh‘unBaNiC¢km μÉkCnCaedIm elIkElgEtGgÁkarsaFarN³ min EmnrdæaPi)al nigKμaneKalbMNgrkR)ak;cMeNj.


90

pÞúyeTAvij esckþIRBagRkmRBhμTNÐEx μrfμ I Edl)anerobcMeLIgedayKN³km μkarRBh μTNÐ rYm shkarCamYyRkumGñkc,ab;)araMg enAkñúgmaRta km 1123-1 nig km 1123-2 EdlmanlMnaMtamc,ab; )araMg )anEcgGMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBh μTNÐrbs;nItibuKÁl. maRta km 1123-1 )anEcg fa ³

{kñúgkrNIEdlmanEcgedayc,ab;nItibuKÁlelIkElgEtrdæecjGacRtUv)anRbkasfa RtUvTTYlxusRtUvxag RBh μTNÐ BIbTelμ IsEdl RbRBwtþedayGgÁkar b¤GñktMNagrbs;xøÜn edIm,ICaRbeyaCn_rbs;nItibuKÁlenaH}68. edayQrelImUldæanrbs;maRtaenH maRta km 2111-5/ km 2121-5 nig km 2131-6 énesckþI RBagRkmRBhμTNÐ)anEcgy:agc,as; nUvkarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBhμTNÐrbs;nItibuKÁl cMeBaHbTelμ IsRbl½y BUCsasn_ ]Rkidækm μ RbqaMgnwgmnusSCati nig]RkidækmμsRgÁam. dUecñHcMeBaHbBaðaenH eKRtUvEtyl;dwgGMBIeKal CMhrd¾rIkcMerInrbs;esckþIRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ I.

eGhV GuI ed Gas snñidæanfa ³

CakarmYyEdlmanlkçN³viC¢man cMeBaH krNIEdlfa esckþIRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ I enA kñúgmaRta km 1123-1/ km 2111-5/ km 2121-5 nig km 2131-6 )anEcgnUvkarTTYlxusRtUv xag RBhμTNÐrbs;nItibuKÁl cMeBaH bTel μ IsRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]RkidækmμRbqaMgnwg mnusSCati nig ]Rkidækmμ s®gÁameTaHbICalkçnþik³TIRkugr:Ummin)anelIkeLIgBIbBaðaenHk¾eday nig CYyCMrujeGaymankarGnum½t maRta TaMgenH edayGMNacnIti bBaØtþiExμr.

x> TMrg;epSg²énkarcUlrYmenAkñúgkarRbRBwtþbT]RkidæGnþrCatimYy kfax½NÐ 2 nig 3 énmaRta 25 rbs;lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um )ankMNt;nUvTMrg;epSg² énkarcUlrYmenAkñúg karRbRBwtþbT]RkidæGnþrCatimYy EdlmanlkçN³RKb;RKan;GaceGaymankarTTYlxusRtUvpÞal;xøÜnxagRBh μ TNÐrbs;buKÁlmñak;².

68> maRta km 1123-1 énesckþIRBagRkmRBh μTNÐExμrf μ I )anyktammaRta 121-2 énRkmRBhμTNÐ)araMgf μ I Edl)anEcgfa :nItibuKÁlTaMgLay elIkElgEtrdæecj RtUvTTYlxusRtUvxagRBh μTNÐ eTAtamkarEbgEckrbs;maRta 121-4 dl; 121-7 nigenAkñúgkrNI Edlman Ecgedayc,ab; b¤bTbBa¢a cMeBaHbTel μIsTaMgLay Edl)anRbRBwtþedayGgÁkar b¤GñktMNag edIm,ICaRbeyaCn_rbs;nItibuKÁlTaMgenH :.


91

1-karsmKMnit buKÁlEdlRbRBwtþbT]RkidæmYy EdlmanEcgenAkñúglkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmeTaHbIedaymñak;ÉgkþIb¤man karcUlrYmCamYybuKÁlmñak;eTot b¤tamry³ buKÁlmñak;eTotkþI RtUvmankarTTYlxusRtUv pÞal;xøÜn xag RBh μTNÐ ¬maRta 25 kfax½NÐ 3 k> én lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um¦. karbBa¢akarjúHjg; b¤ karelagelameGayRbRBwtþbT]RkidæenH b¤ karpþl;CMnYy b¤ karCYy]btßmÖ eRkam rUbPaB epSg²eTot EdlCYysMrYldl;karRbRBwtþbT]RkidæenH RtUv)ancat; TukfaCakarsmKMnitEdlGacnaM eGayman karTTYlxusRtUvxagRBh μTNÐpgEdr ¬maRta 25 kfax½NÐ 3 x nig K ¦. krNITaMgGs;enH RtUv)anBicarNa eTAelIyutþisa®sþBImun rbs; tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati sMrab;r:Uv:an;da nigGtItyUehÁasøavI (Tribunaux pénaux internationaux pour le Rwanda et l’ex-Yougoslavie). karsmKMnit RtUv)aneGayniymn½yedaymaRta 69 énbTbBaØtþism½yGnþrkal tamxøwmsardUcxag eRkam ³ {CnNaEdl)anpþl;meFüa)ay sMrab;RbRBwtþbTel μ Is Edl)ansMrYldl;karRbRBwtþbTelμ IsnwgRtUv cat;TukfaCaGñksmKMnit ehIyRtUvpþnÞa eTasdUcKñanwgGñkRbRBwtþbTelμ IsenaHEdr}. RkmRBh μTNÐqñaM 1955 enAkñúgmaRta 83 dl; 88 )anbBa¢ak;eGaykan;Etc,as;nUvniymn½y nig rbbKtiyutþiénkarsmKMnit CaBiess KW)anbEnßmnUvFatupSM Gtþenam½t. esckþIRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ I enAkñúgmaRta km 1121-4 nig 1121-5 )anEcgniymn½yenHeLIg vij edayeFVIkarEbgEckGñkepþImKMnitecjBICnsmKMnit. dUcenHGñkepþImKMnitKWCaCnTaMgLayNa Edl)an pþl;kar ENnaMeGayRbRBwtþbTelμ Is]Rkidæ b¤mCÄwm b¤ bgáeGaymankarRbRBwtþGMeBITaMgenH edaypþl; GMeNay edaykarsnüa b¤ karKMramkMEhg b¤ edaykar rMelaPGaCJa b¤ GMNacrbs;xøÜn. CnsmKMnit RtUv)aneKeGayniymn½yfaCa CnNaEdlCYysMrYldl; karb:unb:g b¤karsMercbT]Rkidæ b¤ mCÄwmeday pþl;CMnYy b¤ kar]btßmÖrbs;xøÜn {edayectna}. karEbgEckenH KWyktamlMnaM Edl)anGnuvtþeday vaküx½NÐ x nig K én maRta 25 kfax½NÐ 3 rbs;lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um. dUecñHesckþIRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ I )anpþl;dl;RbCaBlrdæ nigecARkm nUvniymn½yénkarsmKMnitmYyEdlmanlkçN³eBjelj Rsbtam lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um. nItiviC¢manKYrEtTTYlykmaRta km 1121-4 nig km 1121-5 TaMgenH EdlmankMNt;niym n½yénkarsmKMnity:agc,as;las; CaCag eTAeFVIkarEsVgrkenAkñúgRkmRBh μTNÐqñaM 1955 nUvFatupSMGtþ


92

enam½t EdlRbCaBlrdæminmankareBjcitþeTenaHedayehtufa GtßbTenHenAmankarGnuvtþminTan;c,as; las;enAeLIy69.

CalT§pl eGhV GuI ed Gas pþl;Gnusasn_ ³

dl;GaCJaFrEx μr eGayeFVIkarGnum½tbTbBaØtþi maRta km 1121-4 nig km 1121-5 én esckþIRBag RkmRBhμTNÐf μ I. 2- karb:unb:g tamlkçN³sMxan;rbs;va CnEdlb:unb:gRbRBwtþbT]RkidæEdlmanEcg enAkñúglkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um eday GMeBITaMgLay EdlnaMeGaymankarcab;epþImGnuvtþ b:uEnþ bT]RkidæenaHmin)ansMerceT edaysarEtkal³ eTs³epSg²eRkABIqnÞ³rbs;xøÜn RtUvmankarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBhμTNÐ ¬maRta 25 kfax½NÐ 3 c> énlkçnþik³ TIRkugr:Um¦. pÞúyeTAvij CnNaEdl)ane)aHbg;karRbRBwtþbT]Rkidæ b¤ )anbBaÄb;tammeFüa)ayepSg² minGac RtUv)aneKpþnÞaeTas cMeBaHkarb:unb:grbs;xøÜneLIy RbsinebICnenaH)anbBaÄb;TaMgRsug nigedayqnÞ³nUv bT]Rkidæ ¬maRta 25 kfax½NÐ 3 c> énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um¦. niymn½yénkarb:unb:g manEcgenAkñúgmaRta 77 dl; 79 énRkmRBh μTNÐqñaM 1955 Edl)anEcg dUcteTAenH ³ {maRta 77 - CnNamanbMNgnwgRbRBwtþbT el μ Is CnenaHRtUvmaneTas RbsinebIkarb:unb:g enaHRtUv )aneFVIeLIgtamry³karcab;epþImeFVInUvGMeBIel μ IsNamYy ehIyGMeBIenaHmin)ansMerceTAvij edaysarman kal³eTs³GVImYymkbg¥ak;eGayranseRmc xusBIqnÞ³éncarI. maRta 78 - karerobcMbRmugnwgRbRBwtþbT elμ Is minTan;TukCakarcab;epþImRbtibtþi)aneT. maRta 79 - bMNgnwgRbRBwtþbT]RkidæNamYy RtUvTukdUcCa)anRbRBwtþbT]RkidæenaHEdr}. karEcgenH KWmanlkçN³dUcKñanwgniymn½y Edl)ankMNt;enAkñúgvaküx½NÐ c> kfax½NÐ 3 énmaRta 25 rbs;lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um. 69 sUmemIlEpñkTI2 CMBUkTI 1.


93

esckþIRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ I enAkñúgmaRta km 1121-3 )anEcgeLIgvijnUvniymn½yénkar b:unb:g Edl)an kMNt;edayRkmRBh μTNÐqñaM 1955.

CalT§pl eGhV GuI ed Gas pþl;Gnusasn_ ³ dl;GaCJaFrEx μr eGayeFVIkarGnum½tbTbBaØtþi maRta km 1121-3 énesckþIRBagRkm RBhμTNÐf μ I.


94

CMBUk2³ GP½yÉksiT§i ³ maRta 27 énlkçniþk³TIRkugr:Um GP½yÉksiT§TaMgLay manmuxgarraraMgecARkmkñúgRsukmin[mansmtßkic©CMnMuCRmH b¤ ecjnUvviFan karN_bgçitbgçMepSg² cMeBaHerOgkþINamYy. EteTaHbICaya:gNak¾eday k¾eKeXIjmankarEbgEckrvag GP½yÉksiT§iCati nigGP½yÉksiT§iGnþrCatiEdr. GP½yÉksiT§iCati b¤ kñúgRsuk ekIteLIgBIbTbBaØtþiénc,ab; Cati. dUecñHvaRtUv)aneKarBEtenAkñúgRkbxNÐ½rbs;c,ab;enHb:ueNÑaH. rIÉGP½yÉksiT§iGnþrCativij manRbPB BInItiGnþrCati. ehtuenHvatRmUv[RbBn§½KtiyutþiCatiTaMgmUlRtUveKarBtam. kñúgn½yenH bBaðaGP½yÉksiT§i kñúgRsuk KWCabBaðaEdlekItmaneLIg EteTAelIbuKÁlTaMgLayNaEdlTTYl)annUvGP½yÉksiT§itic b¤ eRcInBI c,ab;Ex μrb:ueNÑaHCaGaT× ³ RBHmhakSRt smaCiksPa smaCikraCrdæaPi)al. cMENkÉGP½yÉksiT§iGnþrCati vij vaTak;TgnwgGñkdwknaMRBmTaMgGñkkarTUtbreTs EdlRtUv)aneKbþwgenARbeTskm<úCa. lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um Edl)anEcgGMBIbBaða GP½yÉksiT§i enAkñúgmaRta 27 nig 28 min)anbBaØtþi[)anc,as;las;eTfa bBaða xagelIenHRtUvEtedaHRsayenAkñúgc,ab;CatiEdlyklMnaMtam b¤ y:agNa. tamkarBit GP½yÉksiT§i TaMg Cati TaMgGnþrCati suT§EtminGacRtUv)anelIkeLIgenAcMeBaHmuxtulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati ¬maRta 27 én lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um¦. dUecñH enAkñúgkrNIEdlvamanenAcMeBaHmuxyutþaFikarCati tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatinwg eRbIR)as;buBVsiT§iyutþaFikar cMeBaHbuKÁlTaMgLayEdlBak;B½n§. b:uEnþkarbkRsayrebob enHhak;dUcCapÞúy eTAnwgeKalKMnitrbs;lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um EdlmanmUldæany:agc,as; elIKMniténkarbMeBj bEnßmeGayKñarvag yutþaFikarCatinigyutþaFikarGnþrCati70. dUecñH vaminmanlkçN³RKb;RKan;eT EdlRKan;Etmankaryl;RBm eGayepÞrbuKÁlTaMgGs;eTAtulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati enAkñúgkrNI EdlbuKÁlTaMgenHmanGP½yÉksiT§ienA cMeBaHmuxyutþaFikarCati. srubesckþIeTA eyIgeXIjfavamankarlM)akNas; EdlrdæaPi)almYyyl;RBm epÞrbuKÁlmñak; EdlmanGP½yÉksiT§ikñúgRsuk EdlTTYlsÁal;edayrdæFm μnuBaØCUneTAtulakarRBhμTNÐGnþr CatiCaGaT× manRBHmhakSRténRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCaEdlCabuKÁlmñak; {EdlminGacrMelaPbMBan)an} ¬maRta7 énrdæFmμnuBaØrbs;RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa¦ eTAtulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati ehIyrMelaP eTAelIbTdæan rbs;RbeTsxøÜnenaH. dUecñH enAkñúgplRbeyaCn_rbs;yutþiFm’RBhμTNÐGnþrCati vacaM)ac;Nas;Edlfa enAkñúgkrNIén bT]RkidæEdlmanEcgkñúglkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um GP½yÉksiT§iminGacRtUv)anelIkeLIg enAcMeBaHmuxyutþaFikar Cati)aneLIy eTaHbICavaCaGP½yÉksiT§ikñúgRsuk b¤ GP½yÉksiT§iGnþrCatik¾eday. 70 vaküx½NÐ 10 énbuBVkfarbs;lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um nig maRta 1 énlkçnþik³. sUmemIlenAxagedImpgEdr ¬TMB½r 9 nig 35¦.


95

k> GP½yÉksiT§ikñúgRsuk 1- GP½yÉksiT§irbs;GgÁRBHmhakSRt eyagtamxøwmsarrbs;maRta7 énrdæFm μnuBaØrbs;RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa{GgÁRBHmhakSRtminGac rMelaPbMBan)aneLIy} Edlmann½yfa RBHGgÁmanGP½ysiT§iTaMgRsug. CaFm μta Gñkc,ab;enAkñúgRbeTs )aneFVIkarbBa¢ak;GMBIGP½yÉksiT§ienH eday)anelIkbgðajnUv vaküx½NÐ TImYy én maRta 7 dEdl Edl)anEcg fa {RBHmhakSRtkm<úCaRTg;RKgraCsm,tþi b:uEnþ RTg;min kan;GMNaceLIy}. karbkRsayenHminRtUv)anGHGagbBa¢ak;edayesckþIsMercrbs;RkumRbwkSaFm μnuBaØ eTfa RbsinebIRBHmhakSRt)anRbRBwtþbT]Rkidæ EdlmanEcgenAkñúglkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um enaHRTg;nwgTTYl)annUv GP½yÉksiT§idac;xat71. ehtuenH enAeRkamrUbPaBraCaniymepSgeTot viesaFnkm μrdæFm μnuBaØmanlkçN³caM)ac; enAkñúgn½y énkarTTYlsÁal;GvtþmanGP½yÉksiT§irbs;GgÁRBHmhakSRt cMeBaHbT]RkidæTaMgLay NaEdlCasmtß kic©rbs;tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati.

eGhV GuI ed Gas pþl;Gnusasn_ ³ eGayeFVIviesaFnkm μmaRta7 énrdæFmμnuBaØRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa edIm,IeFVIkarGnum½teTAelIkartak;Etg dUct eTAenH ³ {maRta 7 ³ RBHmhakSRtkm<úCaRTg;RKgraCsm,tþi b:uEnþRTg;minkan;GMNaceLIy.RBHmhakSRtRTg;Ca RBHRbmuxrdæmYyCIvit. elIkElgEtbTbBaØtþiénvaküx½NÐxageRkayenHGgÁRBHmhakSRtminGacrMelaP bMBan)aneLIy. naMeGaymankarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBhμTNÐrbs;RBHmhakSRt cMeBaHbT]RkidæTaMgLay EdlmanEcgenAkñúglkçnþik³TIRkugr:Umrbs;tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati}.

71

karbkRsayrebobenH RtUv)aneFVIeLIgCaBiesseday GñktMNagra®sþ exov sn ³ sUmemIlkarkt;cMNaMxagedImRtg;elx 4 TMB½rTI13.


96

2- GP½yÉksiT§isPa maRta 80 énrdæFm μnuBaØrbs;RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa )anEcgdUcteTA ³ {tMNagra®sþmanGP½yÉksiT§isPa . tMNagra®sþrUbNak¾edayminGacRtUv)anecaTRbkan;cab;xøÜnXat;xøÜn b¤ XuMxøÜnedayehtuBI)ansMEdgeyabl; b¤beBa©jmtikñúgkarbMeBjmuxgarrbs;xøÜnesaHeLIy. karecaTRbkan; karcab;xøÜnkarXat;xøÜn b¤ karXuMxøÜnsmaCikNamYyénrdæsPanwgGaceFVIeTAekItluHRtaEtmankaryl;RBmBI rdæsPa b¤ BIKN³km μaFikarGcié®nþy_rbs;rdæsPakñúgcenøaHsm½yRbCuMénrdæsPaevorElgEtkñúgkrNIbTel μ Is RBh μTNÐCak;Esþg. kñúgkrNIxageRkayenH RksYgmansmtßkic©RtUveFVIesckþIraykarN_CUnrdæsPa b¤ CUn KN³kmμaFikarGcié®nþy_rbs;rdæsPaCabnÞan;edIm,IsMerc.

esckþIsMercénKN³km μaFikarGcié®nþy_rbs;rdæsPaRtUvdak;CUnsm½yRbCuMrdæsPa xagmux edIm,I Gnum½t tammtiPaKeRcIn BIrPaKbI énsmaCikrdæsPaTaMgmUl. kñúgkrNITaMgGs;xagelIenH karXuMxøÜnkar ecaTRbkan;tMNagra®sþNamYyRtUvp¥akRbsin ebIrdæsPa)anbeBa©jmtieGayp¥aktammtiPaKeRcIn bIPaK bYnéncMnYnsmaCikrdæsPaTaMgmUl} ¬GkSreRTt KWRtUv)anbEnßm¦. cMeBaH smaCikRBwT§sPa maRta 104 )anEcgdUcteTA ³{smaCikRBwT§sPamanGP½yÉksiT§isPa. smaCikRBwT§sParUbNak¾eday minGacRtUv)an ecaTRbkan; cab;xøÜn Xat;xøÜn b¤XuMxøÜn edayehtuBI )ansMEdgeyabl; b¤beBa©jmtikñúgkarbMeBjmuxgarrbs;xøÜnesaHeLIy. karecaTRbkan; karcab;xøÜn karXat;xøÜn b¤karXuM xøÜnsmaCikNamYyénRBwT§sPa nwgGaceFVIeTAekIt luHRtaEtmankaryl; RBmBIRBwT§sPa b¤BIKN³km μaFikarGcié®nþy_rbs;RBwT§sPa kñúgcenøaHsm½yRbCuMénRBwT§ sPa evorElgEtkñúgkrNIbTel μ IsRBhμTNÐCak;Esþg. kñúgkrNIcugeRkayenH RksYgmansmtßkic©RtUveFVI esckþIraykarN_CUnRBwT§sPa b¤CUnKN³kmμaFikarGcié®nþy_rbs;RBwT§sPaCabnÞan;edIm,IsMerc. esckþIsMercrbs;KN³kmμaFikarGcié®nþy_énRBwT§sPaRtUvdak;CUnsm½yRbCuMRBwT§sPaxagmux edIm,I Gnum½ttammtiPaK eRcInBIrPaKbIénsmaCikRBwT§sPaTaMgmUl. kñúgkrNITaMgGs;xagelIenH karXuMxøÜn karecaTRbkan;smaCikRBwT§sPaNamYyRtUvp¥akRbsinebI RBwT§sPa)anbeBa©j mtieGayp¥ak tammtiPaKeRcInbIPaKbYnéncMnYnsmaCikRBwT§sPaTaMgmUl} ¬GkSreRTt KWRtUv)anbEnßm¦.


97

bTbBaØtþirdæFmμnuBaØTaMgenH )anhamXat;karbþwgsmaCiksPaNamYy edayK μankarGnuBaØatiCamun BIsMNak;sParbs;eK b¤ BIKN³km μaFikarGcié®nþy_Edlmansmtßkic© edayrab;bBa©ÚlCa]TahrN_pgEdr cMeBaHkrNIénkarjúHjg;edaypÞal; nigCasaFarN³eGayRbRBwtþGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_ EdlekItmaneLIg enAeBlBiPakSarbs;sPa. esckþIsMercrbs;KñaeK tamsMelgPaKeRcInBIrPaKbI KWmankarcaM)ac;sMrab;GnuBaØatieGaymanBakü bNþwg. pÞúyeTAvijenAkñúgkrNIbTel μ IsCak;Esþg kare)aHeqñattamsMelgbIPaKbYnrbs;sPaGacraraMgkar bþwgBYkeK enAcMeBaHmuxyutþaFikarExμr. dUecñHkñúgplRbeyaCn_rbs;yutþiFm’ vacaM)ac;eGaymankareFVIviesaFnkm μbTbBaØtþirdæFmμnuBaØTaMg enH.

eGhV GuI ed Gas pþl;Gnusasn_³ eGayeFVIviesatnkm μmaRta 80 nig 104 énrdæFm μnuBaØ RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa edIm,IGnum½tkartak;Etg dUct eTA ³ {maRta 80 ³ elIkElgEtbTbBaØtþi énvaküx½NÐcugeRkay bg¥s;rbs;maRtaenH tMNagra®sþmanGP½yÉksiT§isPa. tMNagra®sþrUbNak¾eday minGacRtUv)anecaT Rbkan; cab;xøÜn Xat;xøÜn b¤XuMxøÜn edayehtuBI)ansMEdg eyabl; b¤beBa©jmtikñúgkarbMeBj muxgarrbs;xøÜnesaHeLIy. karecaTRbkan; karcab;xøÜn karXat;xøÜn b¤karXuM xøÜnsmaCikNamYyénrdæsPa nwgGaceFVIeTAekIt luHRtaEt mankaryl;RBmBIrdæsPa b¤BIKN³km μaFikarGcié®nþy_rbs;rdæsPa kñúgcenøaHsm½yRbCuMénrdæsPa evor ElgEtkñúgkrNIbTelμ IsRBhμTNÐCak;Esþg. kñúgkrNIxageRkayenH RksYgmansmtßkic©RtUveFVIesckþI raykarN_CUnrdæsPa b¤CUnKN³km μaFikarGcié®nþy_rbs;rdæsPaCabnÞan;edIm,IsMerc. esckþIsMercrbs;KN³kmμaFikarGcié®nþy_rbs;rdæsPa RtUvdak;CUnsm½yRbCuMrdæsPaxagmux edIm,I Gnum½t tammti PaKeRcInBIrPaKbI énsma CikrdæsPaTaMgmUl. elIkElgEt bTbBaØtþiénvaküx½NÐcug eRkay bg¥s;rbs;maRtaenH kñúgkrNITaMgGs;xagelI karXuMxøÜn karecaTRbkan;tMNagra®sþNamYyRtUvp¥ak RbsinebIrdæsPa)anbeBa©jmtieGay p¥aktammtiPaKeRcInbIPaKbYn éncMnYnsmaCikrdæsPaTaMgmUl.


98

cMeBaHbT]RkidæEdlmanEcgenAkñúglkçnþik³ TIRkugr:Umrbs;tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati karTTYlxusRtUvxag RBhμTNÐ rbs;smaCikrdæsPaRtUvEtmanedayKμanlkçxNÐNamYyEdl)anEcgenAkñúgvaküx½NÐ xagedIm rbs;maRtaenH GacRtUv)anelIkeLIgenaHeT}. {maRta 104 ³ elIkElgEtbTbBaØtþiénvaküx½NÐcugeRkaybg¥s;rbs;maRtaenH smaCikRBwT§sPaman GP½yÉksiT§isPa. smaCikRBwT§sParUbNak¾eday minGacRtUv)anecaTRbkan; cab;xøÜn Xat;xøÜn b¤XuMxøÜn edayehtuBI)an sMEdg eyabl; b¤ beBa©jmtikñúgkarbMeBjmuxgarrbs;xøÜnesaHeLIy. karecaTRbkan; karcab;xøÜn karXat;xøÜn b¤karXuMxøÜnsmaCikNamYyénRBwT§sPa nwgGaceFVIeTAekIt luHRtaEtmankaryl;RBmBIRBwT§sPa b¤BI KN³kmμaFikarGcié®nþy_rbs;RBwT§sPa kñúgcenøaHsm½yRbCuMén RBwT§sPa evorElgEtkñúgkrNIbTelμ IsRBhμTNÐCak;Esþg. kñúgkrNIxageRkayenH RksYgmansmtßkic©RtUv eFVIesckþIraykarN_CUn RBwT§sPa b¤CUnKN³ kmμaFikarGcié®nþy_ rbs;RBwT§sPaCabnÞan;edIm,IsMerc. esckþI sMercrbs;KN³kmμaFikarGcié®nþy_rbs;RBwT§sPaRtUvdak;CUnsm½yRbCuMRBwT§sPaxagmux edIm,IGnum½ttammti PaKeRcInBIrPaKbIénsmaCikRBwT§sPaTaMgmUl. elIkElgEtbTbBaØtþiénvaküx½NÐcugeRkay bg¥s;rbs; maRtaenH kñúgkrNITaMgGs;xagelI karXuMxøÜn karecaTRbkan;smaCikRBwT§sPaNamYyRtUvp¥ak RbsinebI RBwT§sPa)anbeBa©jmti eGayp¥aktammtiPaKeRcIn bIPaKbYn éncMnYnsmaCik RBwT§sPa TaMgmUl. cMeBaH bT]Rkidæ EdlmanEcgenAkñúglkçnþik³ TIRkugr:Umrbs;tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati vanaMeGaymankarTTYlxus RtUvxagRBh μTNÐrbs;smaCikRBwT§sPa edayK μanlkçxNÐNamYy Edl)anEcgenAkñúgvaküx½NÐxagedIm rbs;maRtaenHGacRtUv)anelIkeLIgenaHeT}. 3- GvtþmanGP½yÉksiT§i cMeBaHsmaCikrdæaPi)al maRta126 énrdæFmμnuBaØRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa)anEcgfa³ {smaCikmYyrUb²énraCrdæaPi)alRtUvTTYl TNÐkmμBIbT]Rkidæb¤bTmCÄwmEdlxøÜn)anRbRBwtþkñúgkarbMeBjkargarrbs;xøÜn. kñúgkrNIenH nigkñúgkrNIeFVIxusCaTm¶n; kñúgkarbMeBjkargarrbs;xøÜn rdæsPaGacsMercbþwgeTAtulakarmansmtßkic©. rdæsPasMerc kñúgerOgenH edayviFIe)aH eqñatCasm¶at; tammtiPaKeRcIndac;xaténsmaCikrdæsPaTaMgmUl}. KμanGP½yÉksiT§iyutþaFikarNamYy nigKμan


99

buBVsiT§iyutþaFikarNamYy dUcEdlman Ca]TahrN_ enAkñúgRbeTs)araMg CamYynwgtulakaryutþiFm’rbs; saFarN³rdæ (la Cour de Justice de la République) RtUv)anEcgsMrab;smaCikrdæaPi)alkm<úCa eT72. vaküx½NÐ2 én bTbBaØtþirdæFm μnuBaØ)anbEnßmeTAelInItiviFIrbs;nItirYmnUvlT§PaBrbs;rdæsPa kñúgkar bþwgtulakar nItirYm cMeBaHbT]Rkidæ bTmCÄwm b¤ kMhusF¶n;F¶rEdl)anRbRBwtþedaysmaCikrdæaPi)al enAkñúg karbMeBjmuxgarrbs;xøÜn.

eGhV GuI ed Gas snñidæan ³ faGvtþmanGP½yÉksiT§ib¤buBVsiT§iyutþaFikar cMeBaHsmaCikrdæaPi)al KWCakarmYyEdlmanlkçN³viC¢man.

x- GP½yÉksiT§iGnþrCati vis½yGP½yÉksiT§iGnþrCatiRtUv)anRKb;RKgedaysn§isBaØamYycMnYn CaBiess sn§isBaØaénc,ab;kar TUt dUcCaGnusBaØaTIRkugvIEynqñaM 1961 sþIBITMnak;TMngkarTUt nigGnusBaØaTIRkugvIEynqñaM1969 sþIBIebsk kmμkarTUtBiess nigedaynItiGnþrCatiEdlmanRbPBBITMenomTMlab;. nItiTMenomTMlab;GnþrCatimankarrIk cMerIny:agxøaMgcab;taMgBIqñaM 1945 cMeBaHGvtþ manGP½yÉksiT§i enAeBlEdlbT]Rkidæ EdleK)anbþwgsßit enAkñúgRbePTénbT]RkidæGnþrCati73. tamkarBit enAkñúgvis½ybT]RkidæGnþrCatieKalkarN_énkarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBh μTNÐrbs;buKÁl mñak;² KWmansarsMxan;Nas;. eKalkarN_enH)anekItmaneLIgenAkñúgyutþisa®sþrbs;tulakareyaFanrwmEb‘r

72> enAExmkra qñaM 2004 RbFanKN³bkSsm rgSúI elak sm rgSúI )andak;BakübNþwgmYyRbqaMgnwgelaknaykrdæ m®nþI h‘un Esn cMeBaHkarsm KMnitmnusSXatedayectnaenAkñúgRkbx½NÐénkarpÞúHRKab;EbkmYyenAeBlmankareFVI)atukmμEdl)anerobcMeLIgedayKN³bkSrbs;Kat; enAkñúgEx mina qñaM 1997. tulakarRkugPñMeBj )anbdiesFkaresñIsuMrbs;Kat;. elak sm rgSúI )anbþwg]T§rN_. sala]T§rN_ EdlecARkméntulakarkMBUl )aneFVIkarsMerc dUcKña )anRbkan;ykenAéf¶TI 14 Exmifuna qñaM 2005 eKalCMhrénesckþIsMerc rbs;tulakardMbUg. ecARkmsala]T§rN_ mYyrUbEdlTTYlbnÞúkerOgkþIenH )an RbkasenAeRkayeBlsvnakar)an bBa©b;fa ³ {esckþIsMerc rbs;tulakarRkug manlkçN³RtwmRtUvtampøÚvc,ab;. sMNuMÉksarénBakübNþwgEdl)aneFVIeLIg edayemFavI [rbs; sm rgSúI ]minmanPsþútag RKb;RKan; sMrab;eGaymankarbþwgeT}. karenHmann½yfa BakübNþwgRbePTenH GacTTYlyk)anenA cMeBaHmuxtulakarTaMgLay.

73> sUmemIlGtßbTrbs; eGhV GuI ed Gas elx 32 elx Biess {yutþiFm’GnþrCati} cuHéf¶TI 14 kumÖ³ qñaM 2000 TMB½r 24.


100

EdleRkaymkeTot RtUv)anelIkeLIgbBa¢ak;edaymhasnñi)atGgÁkarshRbCaCati nigKN³kmμkarnIti GnþrCatirbs;GgÁkar shRbCaCati. nItiTMenomTMlab;GnþrCati RtUv)anbegáIteLIgy:agR)akd tamn½yenH. CalT§pl karenHrYmbBa©ÚlGvtþmanGP½yÉksiT§icMeBaHPñak;garsaFarN³TaMgGs;dUcCa Rbmuxrdæ nigRbmux rdæaPi)al RBmTaMgrdæm®nþInanapg enAkñúgkrNIbT]RkidæGnþrCati. lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um )anEcgenAkñúgmaRta 27 GMBIGvtþmanGP½yÉksiT§iyutþaFikar. pÞúyeTAvij maRta 98 kfax½NÐ 1 )anEcgnUvGP½yÉksiT§ikñúgkarGnuvtþsMeNIkic©shRbtibtþikar EdltRmUveGayrdæTTYl sMeNIr GnuvtþpÞúyBIkatBVkic©rbs;xøÜneRkamc,ab;GnþrCati EdlBak;B½n§nwgGP½yÉksiT§irbs;rdæ b¤ GP½y ÉksiT§ikarTUtrbs;buKÁl b¤ RTBüsm,tþirbs;ttIyrdæmYy RbsinebI)anTTYlCamunnUvkic©shRbtibtþikaBIt tIyrdæenH edIm,IeGaymankare)aHbg;GP½yÉksiT§i. maRta 98 kfax½NÐ 1 min)anraraMgdl;karepþIm eGaymanBakübNþwg EdlBak;B½n§nwgtulakar RBh μTNÐGnþrCatieT. vaRKan;Et)anbgðajfa tulakarminGacesñIsuMeGayrdæGnuvtþkic©bgçMNamYy eTAelI buKÁlmYycMnYn Edl)ankarBaredaybTbBaØtþirbs;sn§isBaØa)aneLIy. dUecñH vaK μanGP½yÉksiT§iyutþaFikar eT b:uEnþ manGP½yÉksiT§ikñúgkarGnuvtþ. dUecñH zananuRkmyutþaFikarCatiRtUvEcg eGay)anc,as;las; nUvPaBsmehtusmplenH. kar EcgenH CakarcaM)ac;sMrab;karGnuvtþeGay)anl¥ nUveKalkarN_bMeBjbEnßmeGayKña rvagtulakarGnþrCati nigyutþaFikarCati. vamansarsMxan;Nas; edIm,IeGayRbCaBlrdæ GaceFVIkarbþwgCnTaMgLay Edl)an RbRBwtþbT]Rkidæ EdlCasmtßkic©rbs;lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um enAcMeBaHmuxyutþaFikarCati. cMeBaHsßanPaBbc©úb,nñrbs;c,ab;Ex μreTaHbICamankarTTYlsÁal;FmμnuBaØPaBénsiT§imnusSEdl)an kMNt;enAkñúgnItiGnþrCati nig maRta 31 énrdæFm μnuBaØRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCak¾eday k¾siT§ienH minTan; GnuBaØati eGayRbCaBlrdæ ExμrelIkeLIg edaypÞal;nUvbTbBaØtþinItiGnþrCatiTaMgenH enAcMeBaHmuxyutþaFikar CatienAeLIyeTdrabNaGñktak;Etgc,ab;min)ancUleFVIGnþraKmn_ edIm,IbBa©ÚlkatBVkic©GnþrCati EdlBak;B½n§ nwg vis½yenHeTenaH ¬maRta 31 vaküx½NÐcug eRkayénrdæFm μnuBaØ¦74. cMeBaHGvtþmanGP½yÉksiT§i mankrNIelIkElgEtmYyKt; KWmaRta 29 énc,ab;viesaFnkm μqñaM 2001 Edl)an Ecg enAkñúgRkbx½NÐénkarkat;eTasGtItemdwknaMExμrRkhm fa {tYnaTI b¤zan³rbs;

74> sUmemIlEpñkTI2 CMBUkTI2.


101

CnsgS½y minGacCYyCnenHeGayrYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHbT]Rkidæb¤CYy bnßyTNÐkm μdl;CnenH )aneLIy}. dUecñH karEcgenAkñúgc,ab;TUeTAnUvnItiGnþrCati EdlTak;TgnwgGvtþmanGP½yÉksiT§i cMeBaHkrNI bT]RkidæGnþrCati nigCaBiessenAkñúgkrNIénbT]RkidæEdl)anEcgedaylkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um vamanlkçN³ caM)ac;sMrab;GnuBaØati eGayRbCaBlrdæExμreFVIkarbþwgCnelμ Is. dUecñH vahak;dUcCamankarcaM)ac;Nas;kñúgkarbEnßmeTAkñúgbTbBaØtþiEdlmanRsab;énesckþIRBag RkmRBhμTNÐf μI nUvbTbBaØtþiEdlTak;TgnwgGvtþmanGP½yÉksiT§i. kartak;EtgesckþIRBagRkmfμ IGnuBaØati eGaymankardak;bBa©ÚlbTbBaØtþiRbePTenHeTAkñúgKnßITI 1 énPaKTI 2 EdlsþIBIbTel μ IsRbqaMgnwgbuKÁl. KnßIenHTak;TgeTAnwgbTel μ Is Rbl½yBUCsasn_ ]RkidækmμRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati nig]Rkidækmμs®gÁam. vaman matikarcMnYn 3³ matika TImYysþIBI bTel μ IsRbl½yBUCsasn_ matikaTIBIr sþIBI]RkidækmμRbqaMg nwgmnusSCati nigmatikaTIbIsþIBI]Rkidækm μs®gÁam. dUecñH eyIgsUmesñIeTAGaCJaFrExμreGaybBa©ÚlbTbBaØtþiEdlTak;TgnwgGvtþmanGP½yÉksiT§i cMeBaH bT]Rkidæ TaMgLayEdl)anEcgedaylkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um enAkñúgTMrg;CamatikaTIbYnEdlmancMNgeCIgfa {Gvtþ manGP½y ÉksiT§i cMeBaHbTel μ IsRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]RkidækmμRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati ]Rkidækmμs®gÁam} eTAkñúg KnßITI 1 énPaKTI 2 EdlmanmatikacMnYn 3 rYcehIy. enAkñúgmatikaTI 4 fμ I enH eyIgsUmesñImaRtacMnYnBIr KW km 2141-1 nig km 2141-2 edayeFVIkarcuHelx eGaysmRsbeTAtamRbB½n§énkarcuHelxrbs; esckþIRBagRkm.

eGhV GuI ed Gas pþl;Gnusasn_ ³ eGaybBa©ÚleTAkñúgKnßITI 1 énPaKTI 2 énesc kþIRBagRkmRBhμTNÐf μ I nUvmatikaTI 4 nigmaRta cMnYnBIr KW km 2141-1 nig km 2141-2 Edl)anEcgy:agc,as;mYyEpñk nUvGvtþman GP½yÉksiT§iyutþaFikar cMeBaH bTel μ IsRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]Rkidækm μRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati nig ]Rkidækm μs®gÁam Edl)ankMNt;enAkñúg lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um nigmYyEpñkeTotnUvGvtþmanGP½yÉksiT§iGnuvtþedIm,Icab;xøÜn nig¼b¤ edIm,IepÞrbuKÁleTA tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati elIkElgEtmanbTbBaØtþisn§isBaØaEcgpÞúyBIenH enAkñúgkrNIenH vaGaRs½yeTA tamkaryl;eXIjedayÉkraCürbs;tulakar. matikaTI 4 nigmaRta TaMgGs;Edl)anesñIsuMeGayeFVIkar bBa©Úl manEcgdUcteTA ³


102

{matikaTI 4 ³ GvtþmanGP½yÉksiT§i cMeBaH bTelμ IsRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]Rkidækm μRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati ]Rkidækm μs®gÁam

CMBUkTI 1 ³ CMBUkeTal maRta km 2141-1 ³ GvtþmanGP½yÉksiT§iyutþaFikar KμanGP½yÉksiT§iNamYy GacRtUv)anelIkeLIg enAcMeBaHmuxyutþaFikarExμr)aneT cMeBaHbTel μ IsRbl½y BUCsasn_ ]Rkidækm μRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati b¤]Rkidækm μs®gÁam. maRta km 2141-2 ³ GvtþmanGP½yÉksiT§i Gnuvtþ KμanGP½yÉksiT§iNamYy GacRtUv)anelIkeLIg edIm,IraraMgdl;karbgçitbgçMbuKÁlNamYy EdlRtUv)an ecaT enAcMeBaHmuxyutþaFikarExμr BIbTelμ IsNamYy kñúgcMeNambTelμ IsTaMgLay Edl)anEcgenAkñúg maRta km 2141-1 b¤ raraMgdl;sMeNI rbs;tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati)aneLIy elIkElgEtvaCakatBVkic© Edlman Ecgy:agc,as;enAkñúgsn§isBaØa cMeBaHttIyrdæEcgpÞúyBIenH. enAkñúgkrNIenH vaGaRs½yeTAelIkaryl; eXIjedayÉkraCü rbs;tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati}.


103

CMBUk 3 ³ karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;embBa¢akarkgT½B nigfñak;elIepSg²eTot ³ maRta 28 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um k> esckþIkt;sMKal;bzm karRbRBwtþbTel μ IsRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]RkidækmμRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati nig]Rkidækm μs®gÁam CaTUeTA RtUvmankarCab;Bak;Bn§½eTAnwgkarerobcMxagneya)ay xageyaFa b¤ xagsarBt’manedaymanrcnasm<½n§Ca zananuRkm. eRkABI vtþmanénTMnak;TMngCazananuRkm nig \T§uiBlrbs;vaenAkñúgkarRbRBwtþbTelμ IsTaMgenH vatRmUv[man TnÞwmKñanwgGñkRbRBwtþpÞal; nUvCnelμIsBiessmYyRbePTeTot EdlsßitenAfñak;elIénzananu RkmxagsuIvil b¤ xageyaFa. edayyl;BIbBaðaenHehIyeTIbmaRta 28 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um)anEcgnUvkarTTYlxusRtUvxag RBh μTNÐrbs;embBa¢akarkgT½B nigfñak;elIepSg²eTot. cMeBaHbBaðaEdlTak;TgeTAnwgkarTTYlxusRtUv rbs;embBa¢akarkgT½B bTbBaØtþienH)anykKMnittamGnusBaØaRkugLaeGqñaM 1907 nigtammaRta 7 én lkçnþik³tulakareyaFaGnþrCatinrwmEb‘r RBmTaMgmaRta 86 ¬2¦ nig 87 énBiFIsarbEnßmTI I rbs; GnusBaØaRkughSWENv qñaM 1949. cMeBaHkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;fñak;elIepSg²eTot lkçnþik³)anyklMnaMtam bTbBaØtþirbs;lkçnþik³éntulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCatiTaMgBIr75 Edl)aneFVIeGaymankarrIkcMerIn edayyutþi sa®sþrbs;BYkeK.

x> EdnGnuvtþrbs;maRta28 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um maRta 28 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um tampøÚvc,ab; GnuvtþeTAelIsßanPaB énkarenAes¶ómrbs;fñak;elI eTaHbICavaman lkçN³viC¢man ¬karGt;eGancMeBaHkarRbRBwtþrbs;GñkenAeRkam»vaT¦ b¤ GviC¢man ¬kareFVI mindwgminlW edayectna b¤ edayGectna nUvkarRbRBwtþrbs;GñkenAeRkam»vaT¦ k¾eday cMeBaHbT]Rkidæ Edl)anRbRBwtþ edayGñk enAeRkam»vaTrbs;xøÜn. bTbBaØtþienHGacedaHRsayxagRBhμTNÐpgEdrnUvsßanPaBmYyEdlTMnak;TMngzananuRkm )ancg fñak;elI nigGñkeRkam»vaT EdlCaCnel μ IsénbT]RkidæGnþrCati. tamTMnak;TMngd¾samBaØenH fñak;elImin GacRtUv)aneKcat;Tukfa CacarI b¤ shcarIénbTel μ IseT. pÞúyeTAvij tambTbBaØtþidEdlenH fñak;elIRKan;

75> maRta 7 ¬3¦ énlkçnþik³tulakarRBhμTNÐsMrab;GtIt yUehÁasøavI nigmaRta 6 ¬3¦ énlkçnþik³tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCatisMrab;rv:an;da.


104

EtRtUv)aneKdak;katBVkic©eGay dak;eTasGñkenAeRkam»vaTrbs;xøÜn b¤ raraMgeKmineGayRbRBwtþbT]Rkidæ GnþrCatiEtb:ueNÑaH76. katBVkic©kñúgkarRbugRby½tñ nig cat;viFankarN_enHmankarxusEbøkKñaeTAtamcritlkçN³suIvil b¤ eyaFarbs;fñak;elI. karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;fñak;elI EdlminEmnCaeyaFamanlkçN³Bi)aknwgelIkbgðajCagkarTTYlxus RtUvrbs;embBa¢akarkgT½B EdlkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;Kat;RtUv)aneKkMNt;y:agc,as;las; edaysarrcna sm<½n§énkarcat;taMgeyaFa nigPaBcaM)ac;énkareKarBeGay)anl¥nUvvin½yeyaFa. embBa¢akarkgT½BRtUvman karTTYlxusRtUv cMeBaHbTelμ IsEdl)anRbRBwtþedaykUnTahanrbs;xøÜnRbsinebI{Kat;)andwg b¤ KYrEt)andwg edayeyageTAtamkal³eTs³ } fabTelμ IsnwgRtUv)anRbRBwtþ ehIyRbsinebIKat;min)ancat;viFankarN_ EdlcaM)ac;sMrab;bgáa b¤ b®gáabkarRbRBwtþbTelμ IseT ¬maRta 28 kfax½NÐ 1 k> énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um¦. Gñkfñak;elIminEmneyaFaRtUvmankarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHbTel μ Is Edl)anRbRBwtþedayGñkenAeRkam »vaTrbs;xøÜn enAeBlEdlbTelμ IsmankarBak;B½n§eTAnwgskm μPaBEdlsßitenAeRkamkarRtYtBinitürbs;xøÜn edayeK)andwg b¤eKmincg;ykcitþTukdak;eTAelIB½t’manEdl)anbBa¢ak;y:agc,as;faGñkenAeRkam»vaTkMBug RbRBwtþ b¤ RbugnwgRbRBwtþbTel μ IsTaMgenH ehIyeKmin)ancat;viFankarN_nana EdlcaM)ac;sMrab;Tb;sáat; b¤ b®gáabkarRbtibtþi b¤ min)anbþwgtulakarEdlmansmtßkic© ¬maRta 28 kfax½NÐ 1 x énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um¦. karlM)akkñúgkarbgðaj PsþútagmankRmitx<s; BIeRBaHeKRtUvbgðajfafñak;elI)an dwgBIkarRbRBwtþbTel μ Is b¤ eFVImindwgminB¤ cMeBaHkarekItmaneLIgnUvbTel μ Is.

K> GtßRbeyaCn_rbs;maRta 28 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um fñak;elIxagsuIvil k¾dUcCaxageyaFa RtUvmankarTTYlxusRtUvpÞal;xøÜnxagRBhμTNÐ RbsinebI {eK )anbBa¢a júHjg; b¤CMrujeGayRbRBwtþbTel μ Is} ¬maRta 25 kfax½NÐ 3 x> én lkçnþik³¦. GnuelamPaB RsedogKñaxagKtiyutþi eyIgGaccat;TukPaBenAes¶ómCaviC¢man ¬CaGaT× karGt;eGan¦ rbs;fñak;elI xag 76> CaTUeTA katBVkic©rbs;fñak;elI edIm,IraraMgkarRbRBwtþbTelμ Is edayGñkenAeRkam»vaTrbs;xøÜn RtUv)anRbkasedaytulakarCati. ]TahrN_ KMrU mYyenAkñúgvis½yenH KWesckþIsMerc y:am:asuIta )anRbkasfa³ {c,ab;s®gÁamtMrUveGaym®nþIeyaFa enAkñúgzan³CaGñkbBa¢anUvkatBVkic©CaviC¢manmYyén karcat;viFankarN_tamGMNacrbs;xøÜn nigeTAtamkal³eTs³edIm,IRtYtBinitüGñk EdlsßitenAeRkamkarbBa¢arbs;xøÜnTaMgGs; kñúgeKalbMNgbgáaCamun nUvGMeBITaMgLay EdlCakarrMelaPbMBanelIc,ab;s®gÁam} erOgkþI y:am:asuIta tulakarkMBUlrbs;shrdæGaemrik ecjéf¶TI 4 kumÖ³ 1946/ I.L.R., esovePATI 13 elx 115 TMB½r 269 nigbnþbnÞab;.


105

suIvil b¤xageyaFa faCakarCMruj edaytuNðIPaBeGaymankarrMelaPbMBan EdljúaMg[mankarTTYlxusRtUv pÞal;xøÜnxagRBhμTNÐ.bMNkRsayxagelIenHRKan;EtCakm μvtßúénkarb:unb:g nig karcg;)anrbs;tulakar RBh μTNÐGnþrCatiEdl)anelIkeLIgCaeRcInelIkeRcInsar77fa ³ eKalkarN_énkarTTYlxusRtUvpÞal;xøÜnxag RBh μTNÐ RtUvmanGanuPaBlb;elIeKalkarN_énkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;embBa¢akarkgT½B nig fñak;elIRbsinebI karTTYlxusRtUvTaMgBIenHekIteLIgRBmKña. m:üageTot PaBenAes¶ómCaviC¢manenH manlkçN³RsedogKñaeTAnwg kic©viC¢manénkarsmKMnit ¬maRta 25 kfax½NÐ 3 K énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um¦ EdlGacnaMeGaymankarTTYlxusRtUvpÞal;xøÜnxagRBhμTNÐ rbs;fñak;elI xagsuIvil b¤xageyaFa. dUecñHmaRta 28 RtUv)aneRbI enAeBlEdlkarTTYlxusRtUvpÞal;xøÜnxag RBh μTNÐminGacelIkbgðaj)an. fVId,itEtvakMrekItmank¾eday k¾PaBminGacelIkbgðaj)anenHGacekIt maneLIg enAkñúgkrNIénPaBs¶at;es¶ómCaGviC¢manrbs;fñak;elIxagsuIvil.

X> c,ab;km<úCa enAkñúgc,ab;km<úCa karTTYlxusRtUvpÞal;xøÜnxagRBh μTNÐ manEcgkñúgmaRta 76 énRkmRBh μTNÐ qñaM1955 Edl)anEcgfa³{CnTaMgBYgNa manstiCal¥ manvicarNjaN sÁal;l¥ GaRkk; CnTaMgBYgenaHRtUvman Par³TTYl xusRtUv tamc,ab;RBh μTNÐ cMeBaHbTelμ Is EdlxøÜnRbRBwtþ cMeBaHbT]Rkidæ b¤mCÄwm EdlxøÜnsmKMnit nig cMeBaH bMNgCa]Rkidæ b¤bMNgCamCÄwmxøH EdlxøÜn)aneFVIeGay RbkbnwglkçxNÐ dUcEdlmanbBaØtþikñúgc,ab;}. eyIg )andwg rYcmkehIy nUvniymn½yénkarsmKMnit nigkarb:unb:g Edl)anpþl;eGayedaynItiviC¢man78. 1- fñak;elIxageyaFa karTTYlxusRtUvxagRBh μTNÐ rbs;fñak;elIxageyaFa )anEcgy:agc,as;enAkñúgmaRta 237/ 238 nig 242 énRkmRBhμTNÐqñaM 195579. maRtaTaMgGs;enH manEcgdUcteTA ³ {maRta 237 GñkraC

77

erOgkþI kar:ahSúIk nig mø:aDIk (Affaires Karadzic et Mladic) rbs;tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatisMrab;GtItyUehÁa søavI/ erOgkþIelx IT-95-5-R61 nigelx IT-95-18-R61 cuHéf¶TI 11 kkáda 1996 kfax½NÐ 83 ³ {lkçxNÐénkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;fñak;elI tammaRta 7 kfax½NÐ 3 én lkçnþik³ mann½yfa lkçxNÐEdlnaMeGaymankareFVImin dwgminlWEdlCabTel μ Is rbs;fñak;elIRtUv)anbMeBj. pÞúy eTAvij tulakar)ansnñidæanfa karTTYlxusRtUvenH GackMNt;)any:agl¥ edaybTbBaØtþiénkfax½NÐ 1 maRta 7 rbs;lkçnþik³} Edl Tak;TgnwgkarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBhμTNÐrbs;buKÁlmñak;². 78> sUmGanTMBr½ 91.

79> sUmemIlpgEdrnUvmaRta 226/ 228/ 230/ 238 énRkmRBhμTNÐqñaM 1955.


106

karGñktMNag GaCJaFrsaFarN³ eqøoteRbIkgkmøaMgEdlenAeRkambgÁab;xøÜn eGayRbqaMgnwgkarRbtibtþic,ab; bTbBa¢a esckþIsMerctulakar dIkatulakarCati Ca»ral;eTAeTot KWRbqaMgnwgRKb;esckþIbgÁab;Ca nItüanukUl EdlecjmkBI GaCJaFrCaFmμanurUb GñkraCkarenaHRtUv)aneTas]Rkidæfñak;TImYy. maRta238 bTbBaØtþikñúgmaRtaTaMgBIrxagelIenHnwgGnuvtþeTAelIGñkraCkar b¤ GñktMNagGaCJaFr saFarN³ EtkñúglkçxNÐdUcEdlmaneRKagTukkñúg maRta10080b:ueNÑaH evorElgEtviruT§CnenaH)anCUntwk tagBIGMeBIEdlxøÜn)aneFVI b¤ min)aneFVIenaH eRBaHRbtibtþitambgÁab;rbs;ecAhVaynayEdlxøÜnRtUvsþab;. ebI mankrNI y:agenH eTasGacRtUvFøak;)anEteTAelIecAhVaynay EdlCaGñkTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarcat;bgÁab; enHeTAvijb:ueNÑaHeT. maRta 242 nakal GñkraCkar b¤GñktMNag GaCJaFrsaFarN³ EdlmanBiruT§Cn )aneFVImuxkarxøÜn edayrMelaPGMNacenaH mansMGagfa kalxøÜnRbRBwtþenaH xøÜn)aneFVIEttambgÁab;ecAhVaynay tamlMdab; fñak;rbs;xøÜnb:ueNÑaHeT ehIym:üageTotfa esckþIbgÁab;enaH k¾mankm μvtßúRtUvtammuxGMNacecAhVaynay enaHEdr enaHeTasEdl)aneRKagTukkñúgmaRta240enH RtUvGnuvtþeTAelIecAhVaynay Cam©as;bgÁab;nwgGñk raCkar GñktMNag EdlTTYlRbtibtþibgÁab; tamlkçxNÐsþIBIkarTTYlxusRtUv dUcmansMEdg kñúgmaRta 100 enH}. bTbBaØtþiTaMgenH dak;eTasfñak;elIxageyaFa RbsinebIeKRbRBwtþy:agskm μ nUvGMeBImYycMnYn Edl )ankMNt;faCa bTel μ Is b:uEnþmin)anbBa¢ak;BIkarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBh μTNÐenAkñúgkrNIGkm μeT. pÞúyeTAvijGkmμrbs;fñak;elI GacelIkeLIgedIm,IeGaymankarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBhμTNÐ eday eyag eTAtam maRta 69 énbTbBaØtþi sm½yGnþrkalnigmaRta 83 dl; 88 énRkmRBhμTNÐqñaM 1955 Edl)aneGayniymn½yénkarsmKMnit. dUcEdleyIg)ankt;sMKal;enAxagelIrYcehIy81 nwgRtUv)anpþnÞa eTas CaCnsmKMnitCnNaEdl {)ansMrYldl;kar RbRBwtþbTel μ Is} ¬maRta 69 énbTbBaØtþism½yGnþr kal¦. karGt;eGan rbs;fñak;elI EdleFVImindwg b¤ mineGIeBInwgcat;viFankarN_nana EdlcaM)ac;sMrab;bgáar b¤ b®gáabkarRbRBwtþbTel μ Is edayGñkenAeRkam»vaT nwgRtUvcat;TukdUcCaGMeBImYy Edl)ansMrYldl;kar RbRBwtþbTel μ IspgEdr.

80> maRta 100 énRkmRBhμTNÐqñaM 1955 )anEcgdUcteTA ³ {kñúgkrNIEdlesckþIbgÁab;CanItüanukUl ehIyGñk bBa¢aCaGaCJaFrFmμanurUbenaHecARkm RtUvføwgemIltamkarKYr nUvPaBénkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgbTRBhμTNÐrbs;Pñak;garGñkseRmckarN_enaH}.

81> sUmGanTMBr½ 91.


107

pÞúyeTAvijPaBenAes¶ómCaGviC¢man ¬EdlGac CakareFVsRbEhspgEdr¦rbs;fñak;elIxageyaFa minGacpþnÞaeTas)aneTtamnItiviC¢manrbs;Exμr. elIsBIenHeTAeTot vaminmanEcgenA kñúgGtßbTénesckþI RBagRkmRBhμTNÐfμ IeT. kgVHxatenHKYreGayesaksþayNas;eRBaHfa sßanPaBenH GacekItmaneLIgy:ag BitR)akd enAkñúgkarGnuvtþCak;Esþg CaBiessenAeBlEdlman]Rkidækmμs®gÁam. CalT§pl eyIgKYrEtyklMnaMtammaRta 28 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmedIm,Idak;eGaymankarTTYlxus RtUvxagRBh μTNÐ rbs;fñak;elIxageyaFaenAkñúgc,ab;Ex μr. 2- fñak;elIxagsuIvil dUcKñanwgfñak;elIxageyaFaEdr PaBenAes¶ómCaviC¢man ¬karGt;eGan¦ rbs;fñak;elIxagsuIvil Gac cat;TukCakarsmKMnit. pÞúyeTAvij tamc,ab;CaFrman nigtamesckþIRBagRkmRBhμTNÐfμ I nigedayminmanGtßbT c,ab; RBh μTNÐNamYy EcgenAkñúgn½yenH PaBenAes¶ómCaGviC¢man ¬kareFVsRbEhsedayectna¦ rbs;CnenH minGacpþnÞaeTas)aneLIy dUcKañnwgkrNIrbs;fñak;elIxageyaFaEdr. eTaHbICavamankarlM)ak kñúgkarelIkbgðajnUvkarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBhμTNÐ rbs;fñak;elIxagsuIvil edayEp¥kelImUldæanénmaRta 28 rbs;lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um b:uEnþdUcEdleyIg)anelIkeLIg enAxagelIrYcehIy k¾eday k¾GtßbTenHenAmanlkçN³RKb;RKan;l¥Cagc,ab;Ex μrEdlmanCaFrmandEdl.

eGhV GuI ed Gas pþl;Gnusasn_ ³ edayeyageTAelI PaBF¶n;F¶rénbT]RkidæEdlmanEcgedaylkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um nig eTAelIkMENTMrg;y:ag xøaMgkøaeTAelIc,ab;RBhμTNÐ naeBlbc©úb,nñ eGayeFVIkarbEnßmeTAelIbTbBaØtþi EdlmanRsab; enAkñúgesckþI RBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ I nUvmaRtacMnYnBIrKW km 2151-1 nig km 2151-2 EdlTak;TgnwgkarTTYlxusRtUv xagRBh μTNÐrbs;fñak;elIxageyaFa nigxagsuIvil Edlkartak;EtgKWyklMnaMtamXøa RbeyaKrbs;maRta 28 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um. maRtaEdl)anesñITaMgenH nwgdak;bBa©ÚleTAkñúg KnßITI 1 énPaKTI 2 rbs;esckþIRBagRkmRBhμTNÐf μI Ca matikaTI 5 f μI EdlmancMNgeCIgfa {karTTYlxusRtUvxagRBhμTNÐ rbs;fñak;elI cMeBaHbTel μ IsRbl½y BUCsasn_ b¤ ]Rkidækm μRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati b¤]Rkidækm μs®gÁam}. vanwgmanEcgdUcteTAenH ³


108

{matikaTI 5 ³ karTTYlxusRtUvxagRBhμTNÐ rbs;fñak;elI cMeBaHbTelI μs Rbl½yBUCsasn_ b¤]Rkidækmμ RbqaMgnwgmnusSCati b¤]Rkidæ km μs®gÁam

CMBUlTI 1 ³ CMBUkeTal maRta km 2151-1 ³ karTTYlxusRtUvxagRBhμTNÐrbs;embBa¢akarkgT½BembBa¢akarkgT½B b¤ CnEdl bMeBjmuxgarBitR)akdCaembBa¢akarkgT½B RtUvTTYlxusRtUvxagRBh μTNÐ cMeBaHbTelμ IsRbl½y BUCsasn_ ]RkidækmμRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati nig]Rkidækm μs®gÁamEdl)anRbRBwtþedaykgkmøaMg EdlsßitenAeRkambBa¢a nigkarRKb;RKgBitR)akdrbs;xøÜn b¤ eRkamGMNacnigkarRtYtRtaBitR)akdeTAtamkrNInImYy² enAeBlEdl xøÜnmin)anRtYtRtaeGay)anRtwmRtUvelIkgkmøaMgTaMgenaH dUcCakrNIEdl ³

-embBa¢akarkgT½BenaH b¤CnenaH eTaHCa)andwg b¤GaRs½yeTAtamkal³eTs³enA eBlenaH KYr)andwgfa kgkmøaMgeRkambgÁab;xøÜnkMBugEtRbRBwtþ b¤RbugnwgRbRBwtþbTelμ IsTaMgenH. -nigkrNIEdlembBa¢akarkgT½B b¤CnenaH xkxanmin)an cat;viFankarN_caM)ac;nigsmehtupl enA kñúgRkbx½NÐénGMNacrbs;xøÜnedIm,ITb;sáat; b¤b®gáabkarRbRBwtþrbs;kgkmøaMgTaMgenaH b¤ edIm,IRbKl; bBaðaenaH eTAGaCJaFrmansmtßkic©edIm,IeFVIkaresuIbGegát nig naMykmkCMnuMCMrH.

maRta km 2151-2 ³ karTTYlxusRtUvxag RBhμTNÐ rbs;fñak; elIxagsuIvil fñak;elIxagsuIvil RtUvTTYlxusRtUvxagRBhμTNÐ cMeBaHbTelμ IsRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]Rkidækm μRbqaMgnwgmnusS Cati nig]Rkidækmμs®gÁam Edl)anRbRBwtþedayfñak;eRkam EdlsßitenAeRkamGMNac nigkarRtYtRtaman RbsiT§PaB rbs;xøÜn enAeBlEdlxøÜnmin)aneFVIkarRtYtRtaeGay)anRtwmRtUvelIfñak;eRkam enAkñúgkrNIEdl ³

fñak;elI)andwgfa fñak;eRkamRbRBwtþ b¤RbugnwgRbRBwtþbTel μ IsTaMgenH b¤min)aneGIeBI edayectnacMeBaH B½t’manEdlbgðajy:agc,as;. bTelμ IsTaMgenH Tak;TgnwgskmμPaBTaMgLay EdlsßitenAeRkamkarTTYlxusRtUv nig karRtYtBinitü y:agBitR)akdrbs;xøÜn. fñak;elIxagsuIvil min)ancat;viFankarN_ caM)ac;nigsmehtupl enAkñúgRkbx½NÐénGMNacrbs;xøÜn edIm,ITb;sáat; b¤b®gáabkarRbRBwtþrbs;fñak;eRkam b¤edIm,IRbKl;bBaða eTAeGayGaCJaFrmansmtßkic© edIm,IeFVIkaresuIbGegát nignaMykmkCMnuMCRmH}.


109

CMBUk4 ³ PaBKμanGaCJayukalénbTelμIsRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]RkidækmμRbqaMgnwg mnusSCati nig ]Rkidækmμs®gÁam ³ maRta 29 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um

esckþIepþIm nItiGnþrCatimin)anTTYlsÁal;GaCJayukal cMeBaHbT]RkidæGnþrCatieT. CalT§plenAkñúgsñaédrbs; xøÜn énkardak;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgc,ab; kñúgRsukénkatBVkic©GnþrCati rdæRtUveKarBtamrbbKtiyutþidEdl. enAkñúgnItiGnþrCati eKalkarN_énPaBKμanGaCJayukalrbs;]Rkidækm μs®gÁam]RkidækmμRbqaMgnwg mnusSCati nigbTel μ IsRbl½yBUCsasn_ RtUv)anRbkasCapøÚvkarenARKadMbUgedayGnusBaØarbs;GgÁkar shRbCaCatisþIBIPaBKμan GaCJayukalrbs;]Rkidækm μs®gÁam nig]Rkidækm μRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati Edl)an Gnum½tenAéf¶TI 26 vicäika 1968 edaymhasnñi)atrbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCati enAkñúgesckþIsMercrbs;xøÜn elx 2391 (XXIII) cuHéf¶TI 26 vicäika 1968 nigcUlCaFrmanenAéf¶TI 11 vicäika 1970 nigeday lkçnþik³ TIRkugr:Um enAkñúg maRta 29.

k> GnusBaØarbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCati cuHéf¶TI 26 vicäika 1968 1- karGFib,ayGMBIGnusBaØa maRta 1 rbs;GnusBaØa )anEcgdUcteTA ³

:maRta1 bTelμ IsxageRkamenH suT§EtKμanGaCJayukal edayminKitBIkalbriecäTénkarRbRBwtþ ³ k> ]Rkidækm μs®gÁam dUcEdlvaRtUv)ankMNt; niymn½yenAkñúglkçnþik³tulakareyaFaGnþrCatinrwmEb‘r cuHéf¶TI 8 sIha 1945 nigGHGagbBa¢ak;edayesckþIsMercelx 3 (I) nig 95 (I) énmhasnñi)atrbs;GgÁkar shRbCaCati cuHéf¶ TI 13 kumÖ³ 1946 nig 11 FñÚ 1946 CaBiess {bTelμ IsF¶n;F¶r} EdlmanEcgenAkñúgGnusBaØaTIRkug hSWENv cuHéf¶TI 12 sIha 1949 edIm,IkarBarCnrgeRKaHedaysars®gÁam.

x> ]RkidækmμRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati eTaHbICavaRtUv)anRbRBwtþenAeBlmans®gÁam b¤ enAeBlmansnþiPaBk¾eday dUc EdlvaRtUv)anEcgenAkñúglkçnþik³tulakareyaFaGnþrCatiEnrwmEb‘r cuHéf¶TI 8 sIha 1945 nigGHGag bBa¢ak;eday esckþIsMercelx 3 (I) nig 95 (I) énmha snñi)atrbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCati cuHéf¶ TI 13 kumÖ³ 1946 nig 11 FñÚ 1946 kardeNþImyk edaykarvayRbharRbdab;GavuF b¤karkan;kab; nigGMeBIGmnusSFm’TaMgLay EdlekItecj BIneya)ayerIseGIg (la politique d’apartheid) RBmTaMgbTelμ IsRbl½yBUCsasn_ dUcEdlva )aneGayniymn½y


110

enAkñúg GnusBaØaqñaM 1948 edIm,ITb;sáat; nigb®gáabbTelμ IsRbl½yBUCsasn_ eTaHbICaGMeBITaMgenH minnaMeGayman karrMelaPbMBanc,ab;kñúgRsukrbs;RbeTsEdlCakEnøgEdlvaRtUv)anRbRBwtþk¾eday : ¬GkSreRTtRtUv)anbEnßm¦.

eday)anEcgy:agdUecñHfa ]Rkidækmμs®gÁam ]RkidækmμRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati nigbTelμ IsRbl½y BUCsasn_ suT§EtK μanGaCJayukal {edayminKitBIkalbriecäT énkarRbRBwtþrbs;va} GnusBaØacuHéf¶TI 26 vicäika 1968 RbkasBIGanuPaBRbtiskmμénbTbBaØtþirbs;va. 2- tMélrbs;GnusBaØaenAkñúgc,ab;Ex μr RbeTskm<úCa min)anpþl;sc©ab½ndl;GnusBaØarbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCati cuHéf¶TI 26 viciäka 1968 eT. GnusBaØaenH)ancUlCaFrman enAéf¶TI 11 vicäika 1970 ehIyrhUtmkdl;sBVéf¶enH KW manRbeTs CasmaCikcMnYn43 EdlkñúgenaH eKmineXIjmanRbeTsNamYy EdlCasmaCikGcié®nþy_ énRkumRbwkSa snþisuxrbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCatienaHeT elIkElgEtshB½n§rusSúI. pÞúyeTAvij enARKb;krNITaMgGs; PaBeCaKC½ytictYcrbs;GnusBaØaenHmin)anpþl;cMelIyCaGviC¢ manTaMgRsug cMeBaHbBaðaEdlecaTfa etIPaBKμanGaCJayukalnaMeGaymanCabTdæan TMenomTMlab;GnþrCati b¤k¾Gt;enaHeT. 3- PaBK μanGaCJayukal CabTdæanTMenomTMlab;GnþrCati ? PaBes¶óms¶at;énc,ab;GnþrCatiFM² Edl)anGnum½tenAeRkays®gÁamelak cMeBaHbBaðaenH )annaM eGaymankarbkRsayepSg². va)aneFVIeGaymankarKitpgEdrfamankaryl;dwgy:agc,as;enAelIqak én shKmn_GnþrCati nUvPaBKμanGaCJayukalrbs;bTel μ IsRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]RkidækmμRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati nig ]Rkidækm μs®gÁam kñúgzan³CabTdæanTMenomTMlab;GnþrCati. TaMglkçnþik³tulakareyaFanrwmEb‘r TaMglkçnþik³eyaFatUküÚ suT§Etmin)anEcgGMBIbBaðaenHeT. Gnu sBaØaedIm,ITb;sáat; nigbRgáabbTel μ IsRbl½yBUCsasn_ qñaM 1948 xøÜnÉgk¾minmanEcgGVITal;EtesaH cMeBaH bBaðaenH. manEtc,ab;elx 10 rbs;RkumRbwkSaRtYtBinitü GaløWm:g; cuHEf¶TI 20 FñÚ 1945 b:ueNÑaH Edl)an elIkeLIgBIbBaðaenH. maRta 2 kfax½NÐ 5 rbs;c,ab;enH )anEcgfa buKÁlTaMgLayEdlRtUv)aneKecaT Rbkan; BIbT]RkidæNamYykñúgcMeNambT]RkidæTaMgLay Edl)anEcgedaybBaØtþic,ab;minGacTTYlykpl


111

RbeyaCn_BI GaCJayukal)aneT cMeBaHGMLúgeBlBIéf¶TI 30 mkra 1933 rhUtdl;éf¶TI 1 kkáda 1945 b:uEnþ KYrkt;sMKal;fa xøwmsarrbs;bTbBaØtþienH mankarBiPakSaKñay:agxøaMgkøa. GnusBaØaRkughSWENv cuHéf¶TI 12 sIha 1949 RBmTaMgBiFIsarbEnßmTaMgBIrrbs;va cuHéf¶TI 8 mifuna 1977 )anEcgGMBIkarb®gáab]Rkidækmμs®gÁam b:uEnþ min)anbBa¢ak;GMBIGaCJayukalrbs;vaeT. lkçnþik³én tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati sMrab;GtItyUehÁasøavI nigsMrab;r:Uv:an;daminmanEcgbTbBaØtþiNamYy EdlTak;Tg nwgGaCJayukalénbNþwgGaCJa nigGaCJayukaléneTaseT. dUecñH nItiGnþrCati)anEcgBIkarCMnuMCRmH nigkarpþnÞaeTas]RkidæCns®gÁam ]RkidæCnRbl½yBUCsasn_ nig ]RkidæCnRbqaMgnwgmnusSCatieday minmanelIkeLIgnUvbBaðaGaCJayukal.

x> sßanPaBrbs;c,ab;km<úCa eyIg)aneXIjBIxagedImrYcmkehIyfa nItiviC¢manrbs;Exμrmin)anEcgGMBI karb®gáabbTelμ IsRbl½y BUCsasn_ ]Rkidækm μRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati nig]Rkidækm μs®gÁameT. pÞúyeTAvij c,ab;viesaFnkm μqñaM 2001 sþIGMBIkarkat;eTasGtItemdwknaMExμrRkhm bBaØtþinUvPaB KμanGaCJayukalrbs;bTelμ IsRbl½yBUCsasn_ nig]RkidækmμRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati. dUcKñaenHEdr esckþI RBagRkmRBhμTNÐfμ I tamry³maRta km 2111-1 dl; km 2131-6 )aneGayniymn½y nigb®gáab ]Rkidækm μTaMgGs;enH ehIyesckþIRBagRkmnItiviFIRBh μTNÐ enAkñúgmaRta km 121-8 )anEcgfa ³

{bTelμ IsRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]RkidækmμRbqaMgnwg mnusSCati nig]Rkidækmμs®gÁam minmanGaCJayu kalkMNt;eT}.

eGhV GuI ed Gas snñidæan ³ faCakarmYyEdlmanlkçN³viC¢man cMeBaH bBaðaEdlfa esckþIRBagRkmnItiviFIRBh μTNÐ enAkñúgmaRta km121-8)anEcgfa bTelμIsRbl½yBUCsasn_]Rkidækm μRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati nig]Rkidækm μs®gÁamminman GaCJayukalkMNt; nigCYyyCMrujeGaymankarGnum½tmaRtaenH edayGgÁnItibBaØtþiEx μr.


112

CMBUk5 ³ mUlehtuénkarrYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBh μTNÐ ³ maRta 31 én lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um

k> karGFib,ayGMBImaRta 31 nigkarbkRsayriHKn; maRta 31 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um Føab;Cakm μvtßúénkarcrcarKñay:agxøaMg edaysarqnÞ³rbs;rdæTaMg Laycg;eFVIy:agNaeGayvamanlkçN³lMGittamEtGaceFVIeTA)an cMeBaHmUlehtuénkarrYcxøÜnBikarTTYlxus RtUvxagRBh μTNÐ. maRtaenH)anEcgdUcteTA ³ {maRta 31 ³ mUlehtuénkarrYcxøÜnBIkar TTYlxusRtUvxagRBhμTNÐ

1> eRkABImUlehtuepSg²eToténkarrYcxøÜnBIkarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBh μTNÐEdlmanEcgkñúglkçnþik³enH Cnmñak;min RtUvTTYlxusRtUvxagRBhμTNÐeT RbsinebIenAxN³eBlRbRBwtþ ³ k> CnenaHmanCMgWvibtþisμartI b¤mankarcuHGn; exSayxagsμartI EdleFVIeGayCnenaHminmankaryl;dwg BIPaBxus c,ab; b¤RbePTénkar RbRBwtþrbs;xøÜn b¤minGacRKb;RKgkarRbRBwtþ rbs;xøÜn eGayRsbtamkartRmUvrbs;c,ab;)an. x> CnenaHsßitkñúgsßanPaBRsvwg EdleFVIeGay CnenaHminmankaryl;dwgelIPaBxusc,ab; b¤ RbePTénkarRbRBwtþ rbs;xøÜn b¤minGacRKb;RKg karRbRBwtþrbs;xøÜn eGayRsbtamkartRmUv rbs;c,ab;)an elIkElgEtCnenaH)an Rsvwg edayqnÞ³ enAkñúgkal³eTs³EdlCnenaH)andwg edaykarRsvwgfa eKGaceFVIeGaykarRbRBwtþ rbs;xøÜnkøay CabT]RkidæNamYy EdlsßitenAeRkamsmtßkic©rbs;tulakar ehIyeKminykcitþTukdak;nwghaniP½yenHeT. K> CnNaEdleFVIGMeBIsmehtupl edIm,IkarBarxøÜn b¤karBarCnmñak;eTot b¤enAkñúgkrNI]Rkidækmμs®gÁam karBar RTBüEdl manlkçN³caM)ac; sMrab;karciBa©wmCIvitrbs;CnenaH b¤rbs;CndéTeTot b¤RTBüEdlcaM)ac; sMrab;kar bMeBjebskkmμeyaFa RbqaMgnwgkareRbIR)as;kgkMlaMgxusc,ab; nigEdlRbugnwgekItmaneLIgedaymanlkçN³ smamaRteTAnwg kMriténeRKaHfñak;cMeBaH CnenaH b¤cMeBaHCndéTeTot b¤cMeBaHRTBüEdl)ankarBarenaH. karEdl CnenaH)ancUlrYmenA kñúgRbtibtþikarkarBar Edl)aneFVIeLIgedaykgkMlaMgRbdab;GavuF EtmYyKt;minGaceFVICa mUlehtuénkarrYcxøÜn BIkarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBhμTNÐ)aneLIy enAkñúgGtßn½yrbs;vaküx½NÐenH. X> karRbRBwtþEdltulakarecaTfaCabTelμ IsenaH RtUv)aneFVIeLIgeRkamkarbgçMcitþ b¤karKMramkMEhgdl;GayuCIvit Edl RbugnwgekItmaneLIg b¤ karb:HBal;y:agF¶n;F¶rnigCabnþbnÞab; b¤ RbugnwgekItmaneLIgcMeBaHbUrNPaBrUbrag kayrbs;xøÜnpÞal;kþI b¤ rbs;CndéTkþI ehIyRbsinebICnenaH)anRbRBwtþkñúgsßanPaBcaM)ac; nigmanlkçN³sm ehtupl edIm,IbeBa©óskarKMramkMEhgenHenAkñúglkçxNÐEdlfaCnenaHminmanectnabgáeGaymanBüsnkmμFMCag karEdlxøÜncg ;ecosvagenaHeT. karKMramkMEhgenHGac ³

i). )aneFVIeLIgedayCnepSgeTot


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ii). )anbgáeLIg edaykal³eTs³epSg² eTot eRkABIqnÞ³rbs;xøÜn. 2> tulakarRtUvRbkasBIbBaða faetImUlehtuén karrYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBhμTNÐ EdlmanEcgenAkñúg lkçnþik³enH GacGnuvtþ)anEdr b¤ Gt;cMeBaHkrNIEdl)anbþwgmkxøÜn. 3> enAeBlCMnuMCMrH tulakarGacBicarNaeTAelI mUlehtuNamYy énkarrYcBIkarTTYlxusRtUv eRkABImUlehtuTaMg

Lay EdlmanEcgenAkñúg kfax½NÐ 1 RbsinebImUlehtuenH manRbPB ecjmkBIc,ab;EdlGacGnuvtþ)anEdl manEcg enAkñúgmaRta 21. nItiviFITak;TgeTAnwgkar BicarNaelImUlehtuenH manEcgenAkñúgviFannItiviFI nigPsþú tag}.

vaküx½NÐBIrxagedIm KW k> nig x> énkfax½NÐTI 1 )anEcgBICMgW sßanPaBRsvwg nig karcuHGn;fyxag sμartI CamUlehtuénkarrYcBIkarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBh μTNÐ. vaküx½NÐ K> )ankMNt;niymn½yénkarkarBarCaFmμanurUb PaBGasnñ nigsßanPaBcaM)ac;EdleyIg eXIjmanTaMgnAkñúgnItiGnþrCati TaMgenAkñúgbTdæanKtiyutþiCatiehIyEdlkarGnuvtþrbs;vaKYreGaykt;smÁal; rab;taMgBIenAkñúgbTdæanKtiyutþiGnþrCatiburaN rhUtdl;bTdæanKtiyutþCati nig CaBiesstamry³kareGay niymn½yepSg²Kña cMeBaHbBaðaTaMgenH. lkçN³BiessmYyeTotrbs;bTbBaØtþienH sßitenAkñúgkarkMNt;PaBcaM)ac;xageyaFa CaFatupSMmYy EdlnaMeGay mankarrYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBh μTNÐ. mUlehtuénkarrYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUvenH RtUv)anelIkeLIg enAeBltak;Etglkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um edayGñktMNagRksYgkarBarCati rbs;RbtiPUepSg² CaeRcIn. RbsinebI enAkñúgc,ab;CatiPaKeRcIn karkarBarFm μanurUb PaBGasnñ nigsßanPaBcaM)ac; suT§Et CamUlehtuénkarminTTYlxusRtUvxagRBh μTNÐ cMeBaHbT]RkidæénnItirYm vahak;dUcCamanlkçN³pÞúyeTA nwgPaBsmehtupl Edlsnñidæanfa bTel μ IsRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]RkidækmμRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati b¤]Rkidækmμ s®gÁam GacRtUv)anRbRBwtþedIm,IkarBarxøÜn b¤ karBarGñkdéT. KMnit EdlTamTareGaymanPaBsmamaRt énkareqøIytbeTAnwgkarKMramkMEhg minGaceFVIeTA)an RbkbedayPaBsmehtuplenaHeT cMeBaHbT]Rkidæ TaMgenH. cMeBaHbBaðaenH Tak;TgeTAnwg]Rkidækm μs®gÁam KN³km μkarnItiGnþrCati)aneRkInrMlwkfa {karelIk eLIgnUvPaB caM)ac;xageyaFa b¤PaBcaM)ac;éns®gÁam edIm,IeGayrYcputBIkareKarBkatBVkic© EdlmaneGay c,as;CagenHeTAeTot edIm,IecosvagkMueGayPaBcaM)ac;éns®gÁam bgáeGaymankarQWcab; EdleyIgcg; lb;ecalCasßaBrenaHCakarmYyminc,as;las;}82. eyIgKYrEtKaMRTesckþIRbkas Edl)anbegáIteLIgeday 82> KN³km μkarnItiGnþrCati/ esovePAkMNt;RbcaMqñaMrbs; KN³kmμkarnItiGnþrCati/ qñaM 1980/ II, EpñkTI 2 TMB½r 45.


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EblhSúIkcMeBaHbBaðaenH enAkñúgxN³EdleKpþl;sc©ab½nelIlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um ehIyEdlesckþIRbkas enHmanxøwmsardUcteTA ³ {edayeyageTAtammaRta 21>1>x> énlkçnþik³edayeyageTAelIviFanc,ab; mnusSFm’GnþrCati EdlvaminGacEkERb)aneT rdæaPi)alEblhSúIkyl;eXIjfa maRta 31>1>K> énlkçnþik³ GacRtUv)anGnuvtþ b¤RtUv)anbkRsayRsbtamviFanTaMgenH}. cMENkÉvaküx½NÐ X> kfax½NÐTI 1 énmaRta 31 RtUv)antak;EtgeLIg edaymanlkçN³layLM cUlKña rvagTsSn³RBh μTNÐfñak;CatiénkarbgçitbgçM karKMramkMEhg karkarBarFmμanurUb nigsßanPaBcaM)ac;. m:üageTot edaycat;TukkarbgçitbgçMCamUlehtuénkarrYcBIkarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBh μTNÐ nigminEmn CamUlehtuén karbn§ÚrbnßyeTasenaHeT lkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmTMngCaGñkkarBarsiT§ikñúgkarkarBarxøÜn tam pøÚvtulakar CagtulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati sMrab;rv:an;da nigGtItyUehÁasøavI83. pÞúyeTAvij edayeyageTAelIRbePTrbs;va dMeNaHRsayényutþisa®sþtulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati hak;dUcCaman lkçN³RtUvKñaCamYynwgbT]Rkidæ EdlmanEcgedaylkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um.

x> sßanPaBc,ab;km<úCa bTbBaØtþiEdlTak;TgCasMxan;eTAnwgbBaðaenHmanEcgenAkñúgRkmRBhμTNÐqañM 1955 BiessenAkñúg maRta 96 dl; 98 EdlTak;TgeTAnwgkarbgçitbgçM nigsßanPaBcaM)ac; nigenAkñúgmaRta 101 dl; 104 EdlTak;Tg nwgkarkarBarFm μanurUb. maRta 96 nig 97 )anEcgdUcteTA ³

:maRta 96 - kalebImanPsþútagfa mankmøaMgGVI mYy)anbgçMCnNamñak; eGayRbRBwtþbTelμ IsGVImYy ehIyCnenaH kalminGacTb;Tl;nwgkmøaMg enaH)an k¾RbRBwtþbTelμ IsenaHeTA. CnGñkRbRBwtþbTelμ IsenH minRtUveGayTTYlxus cMeBaHGMeBIEdlxøÜnRbRBwtþenaHeLIy.

maRta 97 - kmøaMgEdlmkbgçMenaHKWGVI ? - kmøaMgenaH KWeRKaHfñak;EdlbNþaleGayman Gasnñy:agFMbMput. BaküfaGasnñy:agFMbMput )ann½yfa eRKaHfñak; y:agFMbMput nwgRtUvFøak;mkelIGñkNamñak; kñúgeBlCabnÞan; éRkeBk minGacnwgecos)anedaygay ehIyGñkmaneRKaHenaHnwgedaHxøÜn eGayrYcBIeRKaHenaH)an k¾luHEt)an RbRBwtþbT

83. erOgkþI EGrdWm:Uvik (Affaire Erdemovic) tulakarRBhμ TNÐGnþrCatisMrab;GtItyUehÁasøavI sPaTI II cuHéf¶TI 5 mina 1998 ³ :saladMbUg)an pþl;GanuPaBdl;saldIka rbs;sala]T§rN_ Edl)ansMercfa :karbgçitbgçM minEmnCaGMNHGMNagkarBarxøÜn EdlmanlkçN³RKb;RKan;sMrab; eGaymankarrYcxøÜnTaMgRsugrbs;TahanmYyrUb EdlRtUv)anecaTRbkan;BI]RkidækmμRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati nig¼b¤ ]Rkidækm μs®gÁamEdlnaM eGaymankarsMlab;mnusSEdl minmaneTasP½yenaHeT}. karbgçitbgçMGaccUleFVIGnþra Kmn_Etkñúgzan³CasßansMraleTasb:ueNÑaH} ¬kfax½NÐ 17¦.


115

elμ IsNamYyeTIbrYc mü:ageToteRKaHfñak;enaH kalekItmk k¾minEmnekItmkBIqnÞ³pÞal;rbs;carIénbTelμ IsenaH Edr nigminEmnxøÜncarIenaHCaGñkbgábegáIt bNþaleGaymaneRKaHfñak;enaHEdr} ¬GkSreRTt RtUv)anbEnßm¦.

niymn½yEx μrénkarbgçitbgçM b¤ sßanPaBcaM)ac;EdlRkmRBhμTNÐqñaM 1955 min)aneFVIkarEbgEck eGay)anc,as; rvagTsSn³TaMgBIrenHeT KW manlkçN³TUlMTUlayCag niymn½yEdl)an pþl;eGayeday lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um. karenHeFVIeGayniymn½yénkarbgçitbgçM nigsßanPaBcaM)ac; hak;dUcCaminskþismCamUl ehtuénkarrYcputBIkar TTYlxusRtUvxagRBh μTNÐkñúgkrNIbTelμ IsRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]Rkidækm μRbqaMgnwg mnusSCati nig ]Rkidækm μs®gÁamenaHeT. tamkarBit vaRKan;EtGacCamUlehtuénkarkat;bnßyeTasb:ueNÑaH. vaminGacCacMelIy EdlGac TTYlyk)ancMeBaHkarRbRBwtþbTel μ IsFM² b¤bTel μ Iss®gÁam. maRta 101 dl; 103 )anEcgdUcteTA ³

{maRta 101 - kalNaebIkarcaM)ac;tRmUv eGaysmøab; kab; b¤vay CnNamñak; edIm,IkarBarxøÜnÉg b¤xøÜnGñkdéT edayFm μanurUb enaH GMeBIsmøab; kab; vayenH mincUlCa]Rkidækmμ b¤eTaskm μeT.

maRta 102 - kic©karBarxøÜnÉg b¤karBarGñk déT nwgTukCaFm μanurUb)an luHEtmankarrMelaP BIeKmkmun KWfa eKvaykab; edayGyutþiFm’Camun. kic©karBarenHRtUveFVIeGaytMNalnwgkarrMelaP ehIyéleGaylμmRKb;RKan; nwgecosvagGnþray)anEtb:ueNÑaH.

maRta 103 - ebIGMeBI Edl)aneFVIkñúgkic©karBar CaFm μanurUbenH bNþaleGaymanGnþraydl; GñkrMelaPhYs RbmaNeBk enaHGñksmøab; kab; vay edIm,Ikic©karBarenaH enAEtRtUvTTYlxus kñúgbTRBh μTNÐxøHEdr k¾b:uEnþ Rtg;xenH ecARkmRtUvføwgemIl tamkarN_KYrpg} ¬GkSreRTtRtUv)anbEnßm¦.

ebIniyayeGaycMniymn½yénkarBarFm μanurUbEdleGayeday RkmRBh μTNÐExμrmin)anniyayBIPaBcaM)ac; xageyaFaEdlmanEcgenAkñúgmaRta 31 kfax½NÐ 1 K> énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmeT. dUecñH niymn½yenHmanlkçN³ ceg¥ótCagniymn½yEdl)ankMNt;edaylkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um. dUc EdleyIg)anelIkeLIg BIxagelIrYcmkehIy vaminmanPaBRtwmRtUveT EdleFVIkarbkRsayxøwmsar maRta 101 nig 102 énRkmRBh μTNÐqñaM 1955 cMeBaHkarGnuvtþn_nUvkarkarBarCaFm μanurUbfaCamUlehtuénkar rYc BIkarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBh μTNÐ enAkñúgkrNIbTel μ IsRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]Rkidækm μRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati b¤ ]Rkidækm μ s®gÁam.


116

tamkarBit edayeyageTAelIRbePTénbTel μ IsEdl)anRbRBwtþtb vaEtgEtmannUv {plvi)ak hYsRbmaN} EdlminGacecos)an ehIykareqøIytbeTAnwgkarQøanBannwgbgáeGaymanCacaM)ac; nUv GMeBImYy {EdlminmanlkçN³caM)ac;nigRKb;RKan;l μm}. enATIbBa©b; eyIgKYrEtkt;sMKal;fa esckþIRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ I )anyklMnaMtamesÞIrEtTaMgRsug nUvniymn½y énkarbgçitbgçM sßanPaB caM)ac; nigkarkarBarFmμanurUb Edl)ankMNt; edayRkmRBh μTNÐqñaM 1955 b:uEnþ )aneFVIkarEbgEcky:agc,as;nUvsßanPaBcaM)ac;BIkarbgçitbgçM. maRta km 1121-8 én esckþIRBag Tak;TgeTAnwgkarkarBarFmμanurUb maRta km 1121-10 )aneGayniymn½ysßanPaBcaM)ac; nig maRta km 1121-11 sþIBIkarbgçitbgçM. dUecñHniymn½yrbs;mUlehtuTaMgLayénkarrYcBIkarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBh μTNÐ dUcEdlmanEcgenA kñúgRkm RBhμTNÐqñaM 1955 KWenAEtmanlkçN³TUlayCag niymn½yEdl)ankMNt; eday lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um b:uEnþ pÞúyeTAvij min)anedaHRsaynUvbBaðaEdleyIg)anelIkeLIg EdlTak;TgeTAnwgbTbBaØtþiénRkm Edl manCaFrman. enAkñúg»kasénkMENTMrg;d¾xøaMgkøaelIvis½yc,ab;RBhμTNÐExμr eyIgKYrEtGnum½tykbTbBaØtþi TaMgLayNa Edll¥sMrab;edaHRsaybBaðaenH enAkñúgesckþIRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ I.

eGhV GuI ed Gas pþl;Gnusasn_ ³ eGaybBa©ÚleTAkñúg CMBUkTI 2 matikaTI 2 KnßITI 1 PaKTI 1 énesckþIRBagRkmRBhμTNÐf μ I nUv maRta km 1121-10 nig km 1121-12 f μ I nigmaRta km 1121-14 Edl)anEcgy:agc,as;fa sßanPaBcaM)ac; karkarBarFm μanurUb nig karbgçitbgçMminGacCamUlehtuénkarrYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBh μTNÐeT cMeBaH bTel μ Is Rbl½yBUCsasn_ ]RkidækmμRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati nig]Rkidækm μs®gÁam. pÞúyeTAvij karbgçitbgçM GacCamUlehtuénkarbn§ÚrbnßyeTas cMeBaHbT]RkidæTaMgenH. PaKTI 1 Edl)anesñIeGaydak;bBa©ÚlnUvmaRta km 1121-10/ km 1121-12 nig km 1121-14 KWTak;Tgnwg {eKalkarN_CamUl dæan} ehIyCMBUkTI 2 sþIGMBI {mUlehtuepSg²énkarmin TTYlxusRtUv b¤ énkarbn§ÚrbnßykarTTYlxusRtUv}. maRta km 1121-10 nig km 1121-12 fμ I nig maRta km 1121-14 manEcgdUc teTA ³


117

{maRta km 1121-10 ³ PaBminGacTTYlyk)annUvkarkarBarFmμanurUb enAkñúgkrNIbTel μ Is Rbl½yBUCsasn_ ]Rkidækm μRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati nig]Rkidæs®gÁam karkarBarFm μanurUb minGacRtUv)anelIkeLIg)aneLIy enAkñúgkrNIbTelμ IsRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]Rkidækmμ RbqaMgnwgmnusSCati nig]Rkidækm μs®gÁam.

maRta km 1121-12³PaBminGacTTYlyk)annUvsßanPaBcaM)ac;enAkñúgkrNIbTelμ IsRbl½y BUCsasn_ ]RkidækmμRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati nig]Rkidækm μs®gÁam. sßanPaBcaM)ac;minGacRtUv)anelIkeLIg )aneLIy enAkñúgkrNIbTel μIsRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]Rkidækm μRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati nig]Rkidækm μs®gÁam. maRta km 1121-14 ³ karRbRBwtþbTelμ Is Rbl½yBUCsasn_ ]RkidækmμRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati b¤ ]Rkidækmμs®gÁam eRkam\T§iBlénkmøaMg b¤karbgçitbgçM. kmøaMg b¤karbgçitbgçM minGacRtUv)anelIkeLIg )aneLIy enAkñúgkrNIbTel μ IsRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]Rkidækm μRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati nig]Rkidækm μs®gÁam. pÞúyeTAvij enAeBlEdlbTelμ IsRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]Rkidækm μRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati b¤]Rkidækm μ s®gÁam RtUv)anRbRBwtþenAeRkam\T§iBlénkmøaMg nig karbgçitbgçM tamlkçxNÐ EdlmanEcgenAkñúgmaRta km 1121-13 tulakarGacGnuBaØatieGayCnCab;ecaT TTYl)annUvplRbeyaCn_BisßansMraleTas eday GnuelameTAtam maRta km 1222-1 nig km 1222-3}. CalT§pl bnÞab;BI)aneFVIkarbBa©ÚlrYc maRta km 1121-10 EdlBIedImmancMNgeCIgfa {sßan PaBcaM)ac;} )ankøayCa maRta km 1121-11. maRta km 1121-11 BIedIm )ankøayCamaRta km 1121-13. maRta km 1121-12 EdlBIedImmancMNgeCIgfa {karminTTYlxusRtUvxagRBh μTNÐ} )ankøayCa maRta km 1121-15.


118

CMBUk6 ³ bBa¢afñak;elI nigesckþIbgÁab;rbs;c,ab; ³ maRta33énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um

esckþIepþIm maRta 33 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmEdlmancMNgeCIgfa :bBa¢afñak;elI nigesckþIbgÁab;rbs;c,ab; : )anEcgBIsßanPaBrbs;GñkRbtibtþiEdl)anRbRBwtþbT]RkidæNamYykñúgcMeNambT]RkidæTaMgLay Edl)an kMNt;edaylkçnþik³edayeKarBtambBa¢arbs;fñak;elI. TMnak;TMngxagzananuRkm carikkñúgRkbx½NÐén TMnak;TMngeRkam»vaTEdlRtUv)aneGayniymn½y edayeyageTA tam tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþr CatisMrab; GtItyUehÁasøavI faCakarRtYtRtaBitR)akdelIGñkRbtibtþi edayfñak;elIEdl CaGñkecjbBa¢a84. GgÁEdl manzananuRkmenH minEmncaM)ac;EtCaGgÁrbs;rdæenaHeT. lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um)anbBa¢ak;fa bBa¢aGacecj eday {rdæaPi)al b¤ edayfñak;elI CaeyaFa b¤CasuIvil}. dUecñH tamkarBit zananuRkmGacRtUvkMNt;eday RKb;GgÁTaMgGs;Edlmankarcat;taMgRtwmRtUv.

k> karTTYlxusRtUvxagRBhμTNÐrbs;GñkRbtibtþi karhamXat;nUvkarRbtibtþibBa¢axusc,ab; manRbPBecjBIc,ab;s®gÁam (jus in bello). eKal karN_enH RtUv)anelIkeLIgCaelIkdMbUg edaylkçnþik³tulakareyaFaGnþrCatinrwmEb‘r enAkñúgmaRta 8 Edl)anEcgfa ³ {karEdlfaCnCab;ecaT )anRbRBwtþedayeFVItam karENnaMrbs;rdæaPi)al b¤rbs;fñak;elI min)an edaHElgCnenaH eGayrYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUveT b:uEnþGaccat;TukfaCamUlehtuénkarbn§ÚrbnßyeTas RbsinebItula karsMercfa vaCakarmYyEdlmanlkçN³RtwmRtUvtamyutþiFm’}85. eKalkarN_nrwmEb‘r man\T§iBlpÞal; eTAelI kartak;Etglkçnþik³EdlbegáIttulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCativisamBaØTaMgBIr. lkçnþik³TaMgenH)anelIkeLIgnUv eKalkarN_énkarTTYlxusRtUvpÞal;xøÜnxagRBh μTNÐ nig)anEcgBIsßanPaBrbs;GñkRbtibtþi. maRta 7 kfa x½NÐ 4 énlkçnþik³éntulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati sMrab;r:Uv:an;da)anEcgfa :karEdlfa CnCab;ecaTmñak;)an RbRBwtþ edayGnuvtþtambBa¢arbs;rdæaPi)al b¤ rbs;fñak;elI min)aneFVIeGay CnenaHrYcBIkarTTYlxusRtUvxag

84. tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCatisMrab;GtItyUehÁasøavI sPaTI I, dWLalik (Delalic), muysuik (Mucic), dWlik (Delic), Lg;hSÚ (Landzo), IT-96-21-

T cuHéf¶TI 16 vicäika 1998. 85> esckþIsMercEnrwmEb‘r TMB½r 235 dl; 236 ³ bTbBaØtþi rbs;maRta 8 {manlkçN³smRsbeTAnwgnItirYmrbs;rdæTaMgLay. bBa¢aEdleGay Tahanmñak;sMlab; b¤eFVITaruNkmμ edayrMelaPbMBaneTAelInItiGnþrCatisþIBIs®gÁam minGacykmkeFVICamUlehtusMGagfa RtwmRtUv cMeBaHGMeBIhIgSa TaMgenH)aneT}.


119

RBh μTNÐeT b:uEnþGacRtUv)ancat;TukfaCamUlehtu énkarbn§ÚrbnßyeTasRbsinebItulakarGnþrCatiyl;eXIj fa vaCakarmYyEdlmanlkçN³RtwmRtUvtamyutþiFm’}. x> karGFib,ayGMBImaRta 33 nigkarbkRsayriHKn ; maRta 33 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um )anyklMnaMtamlkçN³vinicä½yEdl)anbegáIteLIgedaylT§i (doctrine) nigyutþisa®sþnrwmEb‘r ³ GñkRbtibtþiRtUveqøIytbeTAnwgGMeBIrbs;xøÜn enAeBlEdlkarbBa¢a xag suIvil b¤xageyaFa manlkçN³xusc,ab;y:agCak;c,as; ehIyCnenaH)andwgBIPaBxusc,ab;enH. pÞúyeTAvij maRta 33 kfax½NÐ 1 )anEcgnUvlkçxNÐTaMgLayEdlGñkRbtibtþi RtUvrYcxøÜnBIkar TTYlxusRtUvxagRBh μTNÐ. lkçxNÐTaMgenHRtUvmanrYmKña ehIymanTaMgGs;cMnYn 3 ³ enAeBlEdlGñk Rbtibtþi mankatBVkic© tampøÚvc,ab; RtUveKarBbBa¢a ¬maRta 33 kfa x½NÐ 1 k>¦ EdleKmindwgfa bBa¢aenH xusc,ab; ¬maRta 33 kfax½NÐ 1 x>¦ ehIyEdlbBa¢a enH minmanlkçN³xusc,ab;y:agCak;c,as;eT ¬maRta 33 kfax½NÐ 1 K>¦ GñkRbtibtþienH minmankarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBh μTNÐ cMeBaHbT]Rkidæ EdleK )anRbRBwtþenaHeT. kfax½NÐ 2 énmaRta 33 )anEcgfa ³

{bTbBa¢aeGayRbRBwtþbTelμ Is Rbl½yBUCsasn_ b¤]RkidækmμRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati KWmanlkçN³xusc,ab; y:agCak; c,as;}.

bTbBaØtþienH )anbBa¢ak;fa enAkñúgkrNIbT elμ IsRbl½yBUCsasn_ nig]RkidækmμRbqaMgnwgmnusS Cati ebIbTbBa¢amanlkçN³xusc,ab;y:agCak;c,as; GñkRbtibtþiRtUvTTYlxusRtUvCacaM)ac; eRBaHfa lkçxNÐ mYy kñúgcMeNamlkçxNÐTaMgLayénkarrYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUv ¬lkçxNÐEdlmanEcgenAvakü x½NÐ K> énkfa x½NÐ 1¦ minRtUv)anbMeBj. enAcugbBa©b;eyIgKYrkt;sMKal;fa maRta33 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um minmanEcgcMeBaH]Rkidækm μs®gÁam eT EdlCakarxVHxatmYyy:agF¶n;F¶r. maRtaenHmanEcgEtGMBIbTel μ IsRbl½yBUCsasn_ nig]Rkidæ kmμRbqaMgnwgmnusSCatiEtb:ueNÑaH. karminmanEcgenH bgðajBIkarRBmeRBogrvagTsSn³BIrEdlmanlkçN³RbqaMgKña enAeBltak;Etg lkçnþik³. RbtiPUshrdæGaemrik)anBüayambBa©úHbBa©Úl RbtiPUdéT²eTotGMBIGtßiPaBénbTbBa¢arbs;fñak; elI eGayRbRBwtþ]Rkidækm μs®gÁam EdlGacminmanlkçN³xusc,ab;y:agCak;c,as;eT. pÞúyeTAvij cRkPB


120

Gg;eKøs GaløWm:g; nig nUEvlehSLg; )anGHGagfa enARKb;krNITaMgGs; bTbBa¢afñak;elITaMgenH minGacCa mUlehtuénkarrYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBh μTNÐ)aneT ehIymanEtkarbgçitbgçMkarPan;RcLMelIGgÁehtu nigkarPan;RcLMelIGgÁc,ab;b:ueNÑaH EdlGacCamUlehtuénkarrYcBIkarTTYlxusRtUv. karBnül;bkRsay rbs;RkumTIBIrmankareqøIytby:agxøaMgeTA nwg sßanPaBbc©úb,nñrbs;c,ab;RBh μTNÐGnþrCati. CaGkusl karsMruHsMrYlnaMeGayQaneTAdl; karGnum½teTAelI TsSn³rbs;shrdæGaemrik karN_ enHGacBnül;bkRsay)an edaykarRBYy)armÖrbs;rdæaPi)alGaemrik nUvkarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBhμTNÐ rbs;TahaneKenAkñúgBiPBelak. PaBxVl;xVayenHminsUvsMxan;eTcMeBaHbTelμ IsRbl½yBUCsasn_ nig ]Rkidækm μRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati BIeRBaHbT]RkidæEdlTamTareGaymankarerobcMy:agskm μBIsMNak;GaCJaFr Can;x<s;TaMgenH minGacCaplvi)akénkarPan;RcLMFmμtakñúgkarvinicä½yenaHeLIy. srubesckþIeTA edayGnuBaØatieGaymankarrYcputy:agTUlMTUlay BIkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;Gñk Rbtibtþi CaBiessenA kñúgkrNI]Rkidækmμs®gÁam maRta 33 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmminmanlkçN³ smRsb eTAnwgyutþisa®sþGnþrCati EdlmanBImunmkenaHeT. K> sßanPaBc,ab;km<úCa c,ab;RBhμTNÐExμr minmanEcgBIkarb®gáab bTelμ IsRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]Rkidækm μRbqaMgnwg mnusSCati nig]Rkidækmμs®gÁameT elIkElgEtenAkñúgRkbx½NÐBiessrbs;tulakarvisamBaØ EdlTTYlbnÞúkCMnuMCRmH ]Rkidækm μ Edl)anRbRBwtþenAkñúgsm½ykm<úCaRbCaFibetyü86. dUecñH enAkñúgkrNIénkarRbRBwtþ bT]Rkidæ TaMgenHedayGñkRbtibtþibBaðaénkarrYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBh μTNÐ mineXIjmanEcgenAkñúgnItiviC¢man eT. pÞúyeTAvij eyIgKYrrMlwkpgEdrfaesckþIRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ I manbBaØtiþkarb®gáabkarRbRBwtbT el μ IsTaMgenH ¬maRta km 2111-1 dl;maRta km 2131-6¦87. KYreGaykt;sMKal;pgEdrfa maRta km 1121-7 EdlTak;TgeTAnwgkarGnuBaØatiedayc,ab; b¤ edayGaCJaFr)anEcgBIsßanPaBrbs;Gñk Rbtibtþi cMeBaHbT]RkidæTaMgenH. maRta km 1121-7 )anEcgdUcteTA ³

{buKÁlNaEdl)anRbRBwtþGMeBI Edl)anbBaØtþi b¤ GnuBaØatitamc,ab; buKÁlenaHminRbRBwtþbTelμ IseT .

86> sUmemIlEpñkTI 2 CMBUkTI 3. 87> sUmemIlTMBr½ 50.


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buKÁlEdlRbRBwtþGMeBItambBa¢arbs GaCJaFrRsbc,ab;buKÁlenHminRbRBwtþbTelμ IseTelIkElgEtGmeBIenHCaGMeBI xusc,ab;y:agCak;Esþg.

b:uEnþcarI GñkepþImKMnit b¤GñksmKMnitkñúgbTRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]RkidækmμRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati b¤]Rkidækmμs®gÁam minGacelIkElgeGayputBIkarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBhμTNÐrbs;xøÜneT eTaHbICakñúgkrNImanmUlehtudUcxageRkamk¾ eday ³

1> Cnelμ IsenH )anRbRBwtþbTelμ IsEdlbBaØtþi GnuBaØat b¤hamXat;edayc,ab;CaFrman.

2> CnenH )anRbRBwtþtambBa¢arbs;GaCJaFrRsbc,ab;} ¬GkSreRTtRtUv)anbEnßm¦.

tamxøwmsarrbs;maRtaenH GñkRbtibtþienAEtmankarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBh μTNÐdEdl enAkñúgkrNI bTel μ IsRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]RkidækmμRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati nig]Rkidækm μs®gÁam edayeKminGacrYcput)an eLIy. dUecñHmaRta km 1121-7 manPaBxusEbøkxaøMgBIxøwmsarénlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um EdlminRtwmEt)an kMNt;GMBIrbbKtiyutþiénkarrYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUvEpñkRBhμTNÐmYyEdlmanlkçN³GnueRKaHsRmab;GñkRbtibtiþenAkñúgbT]RkidæTaMgGs;enHb:ueNÑaHeT EtEfmTaMg)anEcgGMBIlT§PaBpþnÞaeTasGñkRbtibtþi Edl)an RbRBwtþ]Rkidækm μ s®gÁamEdlbgár[mankarxUcxateRcInéRkElg. tamkarBit edayRKan;Eteyagtamxåømsard¾c,as;las;rbs;maRta km 1121-7 énesckþIRBag RkmRBhμTNÐf μI ehIymincaM)ac;TaMgeFVIkarEbgEckPaBxusKñarvagbT]RkidæTaMgGs;enaHpg GñkRbtibtþi Edl )anRbRBwtþbTelμ IsRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]RkidækmμRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati b¤ ]Rkidækm μs®gÁam minGacrYcput BIkarTTYlxusRtUvxagRBh μTNÐrbs;xøÜneLIy eTaHbICaenAkñúgkrNINak¾eday. eyIgminGacyl;c,as;Cag enHeTot)aneT.

eGhV GuI ed Gas snñidæan ³ faCakrNImYyviC¢man cMeBaHkarEdlfa esckþI RBagRkmRBhμTNÐf μI enAkñúgmaRta km 1121-7 )an hamXat;karrYcputBIkarTTYl xusRtUvxagRBhμTNÐTaMgGs; rbs;GñkRbtibtþi cMeBaHbTel μ IsRbl½yBUC sasn_ ]Rkidækmμ RbqaMgnwgmnusSCati nig]Rkidækm μs®gÁam eTaHbICalkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um )anEcg y:agTUlay


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nUvkarrYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUvenHk¾eday nigCYyCMrujeGaymankarGnum½tnUvmaRtaenH edayGMNacnIti RbtibtþiExμr.


123

EpñkTI5 ³ kic©shRbtibtþikarrvagtulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati nigRbeTskm<úCa CMBUkeTal ³ sMeNIsuMbBa©ÚlmatikamYysþIBIkic©shRbtibtþikarCamYynwgtulakar RBh μTNÐGnþrCatieTAkñúgesckþIRBagRkmnItiviFIRBhμTNÐ

GnuelamtambTbBaØtþirbs;lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um nigCaBiessbTbBaØtþiénCMBUkTI IX RBHraCaNacRk km<úCa mankatBVkic©shkarCamYytulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati enAkñúgkaresuIbGegátnigkarCMnuMCMrH Edltula karenH)andwknaMcMeBaHbT]RkidæTaMgLay EdlsßitenAeRkamsmtßkic©rbs;xøÜn ¬maRta 86¦. dUcenH RBH raCaNacRkkm<úCaRtUvEcgenAkñúgc,ab;Cati rbs;xøÜnnUvbTbBaØtþiTaMgLayNaEdlcaM)ac;sMrab;bMeBjkatBV kic©enH. kMENTMrg;y:agxøaMgkøaénRkmnItiviFIRBhμTNÐKYEtCa»kasmYyd¾l¥sMrab;EcgbTbBaØtþiTaMgenH. Et pÞúyeTAvij enAkñúgkartak;EtgesckþIRBagRkmnItiviFIRBh μTNÐ EdlsBVéf¶sßitenAeRkamkarsikSarbs;raC rdæaPi)al minmanEcgnUvbBaØtþiNamYycMeBaHbBaðaenHeT.CalT§pl vahak;dUcCacaM)ac;kñúgkarbEnßmeTA elIbTbBaØtþi EdlmanRsab;enAkñúgesckþIRBagRkmnUvbTbBaØtþiTaMg LayEdlTak;TgeTAnwgkatBVkic©nana EdltRmUvedaylkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um. kartak;EtgesckþIRBagRkmGac GnuBaØateGaymankardak;bBa©ÚlkatBV kic© EdlTak;Tgnwgkic©shRbtibtþikarCamYytulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati eTAkñúgKnßI EdlsþIBInItiviFIeday ELk. vaKWCaKnßITI 9. KnßIenHmanbImatika ³ matikaTImYysþIBIbTbBaØtþiTak;TgnwgbuKÁlEdlmanEcgnUvrbbbtüab½n mati ka TIBIrsþIBIkar)at;bg;lixitsñam karbkRsay nigkarEksMrYlesckþIsMerc ehIymatikaTIbIsþIBIbTelμIs RBmTaMgkarecaTRbkan; nigkarCMnuMCRmHbTel μ IseyaFa. m:üagvijeTotkarGnuvtþn_viFankarmYycMnYnTak;TgnwgkarCYlCulsMNgEdlseRmcedaytulakar RBh μTNÐGnþrCatiRtUv)anbBa©ÚleTAkñúgRkbx½NÐénkatBVkic©rbs;RBHraCaNacRk kñúgkarshkarCamYynwg tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati.ehtudUecñHeyIgKYrEtbBa©ÚleTAkñúgRkbx½NðenHnUvbTbBaØtþi TaMgLayEdlBak; B½n§88. tamn½yenH Gnusasn_rbs;eyIgEdl)anelIkeLIgenAkñúgEpñkTI V rbs;r)aykarN_enHnwgmin manenAkñúgEpñkTI VII eT.

88> cMeBaHkarsikSaTUeTA elIkarCYsCulkarxUcxat dl;CnrgeRKaH sUmemIlEpñkTI 5.


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dUecñH eGhV GuI ed Gas pþl;Gnusasn_ ³ dl;GaCJaFrEx μr eGaybBa©ÚlbTbBaØtþisþIBIkic©shRbtibtþikarCamYynwgtulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati eday eyag eTAtammaRta 55 kfax½NÐ 2/ maRta 57 kfa x½NÐ 3 vaküx½NÐ X> maRta 58/ 59/ 75/ 80/ 86 dl; 102 ¬CMBUkTI IX¦ maRta 103/ 105/ 106/ 108/ 109/ 110 rbs;lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um eRkamTMrg;CamatikamYyEdlmancMNgeCIgfa {kic©shRbtibtþikarCamYytulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati} eday bEnßm eTAelImatikacMnYnbIEdlmanRsab;enAkñúgKnßITI 9. CalT§plénkardak;bBa©Úl matikaTI 1 sþIBI {kic©shRbtibtþikarCamYynwg tulakarRBh μ TNÐGnþrCati} matikaTI 1 BIedIm rbs;esckþI RBagRkm EdlmancMNgeCIgfa {bTbBaØtþiTak; TgnwgbuKÁl} )ankøay eTACamatikaTI 2. matikaTI 2 BIedIm EdlmancMNgeCIgfa {kar)at;bg;lixitsñam karbkRsay nigkar EksMrYl esckþIsMerc} )ankøayeTACamatikaTI 3. matikaTI 3 BIedIm EdlmancMNgeCIgfa {bTbBaØtþi Tak;TgnwgbTel μ Is} )ankøayCamatikaTI 4. maRtaTaMgLay EdlBImunRtUv)anbg;elx Ca km 911-1 dl; km 931-8 nwgRtUv)an bg;elxCafμ IKW km 921-1 dl; km 941-8 edayeyageTAtamRbB½n§ énkarbg;elxrbs; esckþIRBag EdlelxkñúgxÞg;TImYybBa¢ak;BIKnßI kñúgxÞg;TIBIrCamatika nigTIbICaCMBUk. matikaEdlesñIeGayeFVIkarbBa©Úl manEcgdUc teTA ³

{KnßITI 9 ³ nItiviFIedayELk matikaTI 1 ³ kic©shRbtibtþikarCamYynwgtulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati CMBUkTI 1 ³ kic©shRbtibtþikarxagyutþaFikar EpñkTI 1 ³ karCYyKñaeTAvijeTAmkxagtulakar maRta km 911-1

edIm,IGnuvtþlkçnþik³rbs;tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCatiEdl)anpþl;sc©ab½nenAéf¶TI 7 mkra 2002 RBHraCa NacRkkm<úCacUlrYmenAkñúgkarb®gáabbTelμ Is nigshkarCamYyyutþaFikarenHtamlkçxNÐEdl)ankMNt; enAkñúgmatikaenH.

bTbBaØtþibnþbnÞab;enH GacGnuvtþ)aneTAelIRKb;buKÁlTaMgGs;EdlRtUv)anecaTRbkan; enAcMeBaHmux tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati b¤ RtUv)anpþnÞaeTasedaytulakarenHedaysarmUlehtu énGMeBIEdlbgáeGay


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manbTelμ IsRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]RkidækmμRbqaMgnwgmnusS Cati b¤]Rkidækmμs®gÁam enAkñúgGtßn½yrbs;maRta 6 dl; 8 nig maRta 25 énlkçnþik³. maRta km 911-2

sMeNICYyKñaeTAvijeTAmkEdleFVIeLIgedaytulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati RtUv)aneFVIeTAkan;GaCJaFrEdl mansmtßkic© edayeyageTAtammaRta 87 rbs;lkçnþik³edIm b¤ftcmøgmanbBa¢ak;BIPaBRtwmRtUvtamc,ab; edIm nigP¢ab;CamYynUvÉksarbBa¢ak;TaMgGs;.

edayeyagtammaRta 87 rbs;lkçnþik³ GaCJaFrmansmtßkic©bBa¢ÚnsMeNICYyKñaeTAvijeTAmk nig Éksar bBa¢ak;TaMgGs;eTAeGayrdæm®nþIRksYgyutþiFm’. rdæm®nþIRksYgyutþiFm’RtYtBinitüemIlPaBRtwmRtUv rbs;sMeNI ehIybBa¢ÚneTAeGayGKÁRBHraCGaCJaGmsala]T§rN_ enATIRkugPñMeBjEdlCaGñkrkSaTuk. kñúgkrNIRbjab; ÉksarTaMgGs;enHGacRtUv)anepÞredaypÞal;nigtamRKb;meFüa)ayeTAeGayecARkmrUb enH. bnÞab;mkeTotÉksarTaMgenHnigRtUvepÞreTAtamTMrg;Edl)anEcgenAkñúgvaküx½NÐxagelI.


126

maRta km 911-3 sMeNICYyKñaeTAvijeTAmk RtUv)anRbtibtþiedayGKÁRBHraCGaCJaGmsala]T§rN_ b¤ edaysPa esuIb

sYrGmsala]T§rN_EdlCaGñkseRmcelIkaresñI. GKÁRBHraCGaCJa nig sPaesuIbsYrGmsala]T§rN_eFVI skmμPaBelIEdndICatiTaMgmUledaymanvtþmanrbs;RBHraCGaCJaGmtulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati RbsinebI GaceFVIeTA)an b¤ vtþmanrbs;buKÁlepSgeTot Edl)anelIkbgðajenAkñúgsMeNIrbs;tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþr Cati.

kMNt;ehtuEdl)aneFVIeLIg enAkñúgkarRbtibtþisMeNIRtUv)anbBa¢ÚneTAeGaytulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati edayGaCJaFrmansmtßkic©GnuelamtammaRta 87 énlkçnþik³.

kñúgkrNIRbjab; ÉksarftcmøgEdl)anbBa¢ak;faRtwmRtUvtamc,ab;edImrbs;kMNt;ehtu GacbBa¢Ún edaypÞal; nigtamRKb;meFüa)ayeTAeGaytulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati. bnÞab;mkeTot kMNt;ehtu nig RtUvbBa¢ÚntamEbbbT EdlmanEcgenAkñúgvaküx½NÐxagedIm. maRta km 911-4

karRbtibtþienAelIEdndI rbs;RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCanUvviFankarEfrkSa Edl)anEcgenAkñúg d> kfax½NÐ 1 énmaRta 93 rbs;lkçnþik³RtUv)anerobcM edaycMNaytamfvikar rbs;rtnaKarCati nigtamEbbbT Edl)anEcg edayRkmnItiviFIrdæb,evNIf μI enAkñúgmaRta 562 dl; 571 edayGKÁRBHraCGaCJaGm sala]T§rN_. ry³eBl Gtibrmarbs;viFankarenH RtUv)ankMNt;Rtwm ¬BIrqñaM¦. vaGacbnþ)antam lkçxNÐdEdlmunkarputkMNt;rbs; ry³eBlenH tamkaresñIsuMrbs;tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati. eyagtammaRta 87 énlkçnþik³ GKÁRBHraCGaCJaGmsala]T§rN_ bBa¢ÚneTAeGayGaCJaFrmansmtßkic© nUv RKb;bBaðaTaMgGs;EdlTak;Tg eTAnwgkarGnuvtþviFankarTaMgenH edIm,IeFVIkarBiPakSaepSg² RsbtammaRta 93 kfax½NÐ 3 nigmaRta 97 én lkçnþik³.


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EpñkTI 2 ³ karcab;xøÜn nigkarRbKl;xøÜn maRta km 911-5 kñúgeKalbMNgrbs;EpñkenH Bakü {RbKl;xøÜn} sMedAelITegVIEdlrdæmYyRbKl; mnusmñak;eTA eGaytulakar RBhμTNÐGnþrCatiedayGnuvtþtamlkçnþik³. maRta km 911-6

sMeNIsuMcab;xøÜn Edl)aneFVIeLIgeday tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati RtUv)anbBa¢Únc,ab;edIm nigP¢ab;Ca mYyÉksar bBa¢ak;TaMgGs;eTAeGayGaCJaFrmansmtßkic© edayeyageTAtammaRta 87 énlkçnþik³ EdlCaGñkbBa¢ÚnÉksar TaMgGs;enH eTAeGayrdæm®nþIRksYgyutþiFm’. eRkayBI)anRtYtBinitü BIPaBRtwm RtUvrbs;rYcehIy rdæm®nþIRksYgyutþiFm’ bBa¢ÚnvaeTAeGayGKÁRBHraCGaCJaGmsala]T§rN_.

enAkñúgkrNIbnÞan; sMeNITaMgGs;enH GacRtUv)anbBa¢ÚnedaypÞal;nigtamRKb;meFüa)ay eTAeGay RBHraCGaCJa Edlmansmtßkic©tamEdndI)anpgEdr. bnÞab;mkeTot vaRtUv)anbBa¢ÚntamTMrg;Edl)anEcg enAkñúgvaküx½NÐxagedIm. maRta km 911-7 buKÁlEdl)ancab;tamkarsuMeGaycab;xøÜnRtUvEtRbKl;eTAeGayRBHraCGaCJa Edlmansmtßkic©tamEdndI kñúgry³eBlémÖbYnem:ag. enAkñúgGMLúgeBlenH bTbBaØtþirbs; maRta km 323-3 nig km 323-4 énRkmenH GacGnuvtþ)ancMeBaHrUbeK.

eRkayBIeFVIkarepÞógpÞat;elIGtþsBaØaNrYcehIy RBHraCGaCJaRtUvCUndMNwgdl;CnenH tamPasaEdl eKecH fa xøÜneKKWCakmμvtßúénkarsuMcab;xøÜnedIm,IRbKl;eTAeGaytulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati ehIyfaenAkñúg ry³eBlR)aMéf¶ y:agyUr CnenHRtUvEtbgðajxøÜnenAcMeBaHmuxGKÁRBHraCGaCJaGmsala]T§rN_. RBHraC GaCJa RtUvR)ab;CnenH pgEdrfa eKGacmanemFavICYykarBartamkareRCIserIsrbs;eK b¤ ebImindUecñaHeT tamkar cat;taMg enAkñúglkçxNÐEdl)anEcgedayc,ab;lkçnþik³emFavI ehIyGacRtUv)anCUndMNwgCabnÞan; nigtam RKb;meFüa)ay. RBHraCGaCJaRtUvENnaMdl;CnenaHpgEdrfa eKGacCYbsmÖas Pøam²EtmþgCamYynwgemFavI tamkarcat;taMg. nieTÞsénkarCUndMNwgTaMgGs;enH RtUvsresrenAkñúg kMNt;ehtuEdlRtUvbBa¢ÚneGay)an qab;eTAeGayGKÁRBHraCGaCJaGmsala]T§rN_. RBHraCGaCJa ecjbBa¢aeGayXuMxøÜnCn EdleKTamTarenAkñúg Bn§naKar b¤mCÄmNÐlXuMxøÜn.


128

maRta km 911-8 RbsinebImankarTamTar CnEdleKTamTar RtUv)anbBa¢Ún nigdak;kñúgBn§naKar b¤mCÄmNÐlXuMxøÜn Edl

sßitenA eRkamsmtßkic©rbs;sala]T§rN_. karepÞrRtUveFVIeLIgenAkñúgry³eBlR)aMéf¶y:agyUr EdlKitcab; BIéf¶bgðajxøÜn enAcMeBaHmuxRBHraCGaCJamk ebImindUecñaHeTCnEdleKTamTarRtUvEt)anedaHElg CabnÞan; tamkarsMercrbs;RbFansPaesuIbsYrénsala]T§rN_.

GKÁRBHraCGaCJaGmsala]T§rN_CUndMNwgtamPasaEdleKecHnUvkarsuMcab;xøÜnedIm,IRbKl; RBmTaMgkar ecaTRbkan;nana EdleFVIeLIgRbqaMgnwgCnenH.

enAeBlEdlCnEdleKTamTar)aneFVIkaresñIsuMeGaymanemFavICYykarBarxøÜnrYcehIy ehIyEdlemFavI enH RtUv)anekaHehAy:agRtwmRtUvGKÁRBHraCGaCJanwgTTYlykesckþIRbkasrbs;eK.

enAkñúgkrNIepSgeTot ecARkmenHRtUvrMlwkdl;CnenH nUvsiT§ikñúgkareRCIserIsemFavI b¤esñIsuMeGay mankarcat; taMgemFavIsMrab;rUbeK. emFavIEdl)aneRCIserIs b¤ cMeBaHkrNIénkaresñIsuMeGaymankarcat; taMg RbFanKN³emFavIRtUv)aneKCUndMNwgtamRKb;meFüa)ay nigCabnÞan;. EmFavIGacemIlsMNuMÉksarenA hñwgkEnøg ehIyGaceFVI karTak;Tg)anedayesrI nigedayGaf’kM)aMg CamYynwgCnEdl eKTamTar. GKÁRBHraCGaCJaTTYlykesckþIRbkasrbs;CnenH eRkayBI)anR)ab;faKat;mansiT§imineqøIy. nieTÞsénkar R)ab;enH RtUvcuHenAkñúgkMNt;ehtu. maRta km 911-9

sPaesuIbsYrRtUvTTYlyknItiviFIeGay)anqab;. CnEdleKTamTarRtUvbgðajxøÜnenAcMeBaHmuxsPaenH kñúg y³eBl 8 éf¶ Kitcab; taMgBIéf¶Edl)anbgðajxøÜn enAcMeBaHmuxGKÁRBHraCGaCJa. tamkaresñIsuMrbs; GKÁRBHraCGaCJa b¤ rbs;CnEdleKTamTar ry³eBlbEnßmcMnYn 8 éf¶ GacRtUv)anGnuBaØatieGay munmankar BiPakSaedjedal. bnÞab;mkeTot KWmankarecaTsYrEdlRtUvmaneFVIkMNt;ehtu.

karBiPakSaedjedal nigsaldIka RtUveFVIeLIgkñúgsvnakarsaFarN³ elIkElgEtkñúgkrNIEdl tulakarRbkassvnakarCaGsaFarN³ edayeyageTAtammaRta km 513-1 ¬karpSBVpSaykarBiPakSa edjedal nigsvnakarCaGsaFarN³¦ [Edl)aneFVIkarEkERb tam Gnusasn_ Edl)anpþl;eGayenAkñúg EpñkTI VII].

tMNagGyükar nigCnEdleKTamTarRtUvEt)aneKsþab;cemøIyrbs;xøÜnEdlCnenHGacman emFavICYy karBar nigmanGñkbkERbPasa RbsinebICakarKYr.


129

maRta km 911-10 enAeBlEdlsPaesuIbsYrBinitüeXIjfa minmankarPan;RcLMCak;EsþgeT Kat;nwgecjbBa¢aeGay

RbKl;xøÜnCn EdleKTamTar ehIyRbsinebICnenHenAeRkAXuM nwgbBa¢aeGayXuMxøÜn. RKb;bBaðaepSgeTot EdlsßitenAeRkam GMMNacrbs;sPaesuIbsYr RtUvbBa¢ÚneTAeGaytulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati EdlnwgRtUveFVI karedaHRsayCabnÞan;. sPaesuIbsYrRtUvsMerckñúgry³eBldb;R)aMéf¶bnÞab;BIkarbgðajxøÜnrbs;Cn EdleK TamTarenAcMeBaHmuxKat;. enAkñúgkrNImanbNþwgsarTukç sPaRBhμTNÐrbs;tulakarkMBUl RtUvsMerckñúg ry³eBlBIrEx bnÞab;BitulakarkMBUl )anTTYlsMNuMÉksar. maRta km 911-11

karedaHElgGacRtUv)anesñIsuMenARKb;eBlTaMgGs; eTAkan;sPaesuIbsYrrbs;sala]T§rN_ Edlnwg cat;nItiviFI eTAtammaRta 59 énlkçnþik³ nigtamnItiviFIEdl)anEcgedaymaRta km 413-28 nig bnþ bnÞab;énRkmenH.

sPaesuIbsYrRtUvsMerctamsaldIka EdlRtUveFVIeLIgenAkñúgsvnakarsaFarN³ nigmansMGagehtu edayeyageTAtambTbBaØtþiénkfa x½NÐ 4 rbs;maRta 59 xagelI. maRta km 911-12

saldIka EdlecjedaysPaesuIbsYr ehIyTIkEnøg nigkalbriecäTénkarRbKl;CnEdleKTamTar RbsinebIman RBmTaMgry³eBlénkarXuMxøÜn RtUvbBa¢ÚntamRKb;meFüa)ay edayGaCJaFrmansmtßkic©eTA eGaytulakar RBhμTNÐGnþrCati edIm,IRCabCaB½t’man edayeyageTAtammaRta 87 énlkçnþik³.

CnEdleKTamTarRtUvRbKl;kñúgry³eBlmYyExedayKitcab;BIéf¶EdlesckþIsMercenH )ancUlCasßaBr ebImin dUecñaHeT CnenHRtUv)anedaHElgCabnÞan; tamesckþIsMercrbs;RbFansPaesuIbsYr. maRta km 911-13

bTbBaØtþimaRta km 911-6 dl; km 911-12 GacGnuvtþ)anpgEdr RbsinebICnEdleKTamTar RtUv)an ecaTRbkan; b¤CMnuMCRmHenARBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa cMeBaHbTel μ IsepSg²eTot eRkABIbTelμ IsEdl )anelIkeLIgeday sMeNIrbs;tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati. pÞúyeTAvijCnEdleK)anXuMxøÜntamlkçxNÐ TaMgenH minGacTTYl)annUvkaredaHElgeGaymanesrIPaB tammaRta km 911-8 km 911-11 nig vaküx½NÐTI 2 énmaRta km 911-12 )aneLIy.


130

cMeBaHCnenH nItiviFIenAcMeBaHmuxtulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatiRtUvbg¥g;GaCJayukalénbNþwgGaCJa nigén eTas. maRta km 911-14

edayeyageTAtammaRta 89 énlkçnþik³ RbsinebIRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa)anTTYlBItulakarRBhμTNÐ GnþrCati nUvsMeNIeGayRbKl; nigTTYlykedayrdæepSgeTot EdlCaPaKIénlkçnþik³ b¤minEmnCaPaKI énlkçnþik³ sMeNIeFVIbtüab½nCnenH cMeBaHkarRbRBwtþdEdl EdlbgáeGaymanbT]Rkidæ ehIyedaysar karenH tulakar)anesñIsuM eGayRbKl;CnenH b¤cMeBaHkarRbRBwtþmYyepSgeTot xusBIkarRbRBwtþEdlbgá eGaymanbT]Rkidæ EdlnaMeGaytulakareFVIkaresñIsuMRtUveFVIeLIg tamlkçxNÐEdl)ankMNt;edaymaRta 90 énlkçnþik³. maRta km 911-15

eyagtamGtßn½yrbs;maRta 89 énlkçnþik³ karqøgkat;TwkdIRbeTskm<úCaRtUvmanGnuBaØati eday GaCJaFrmansmtßkic© edayeyagtammaRta 87 énlkçnþik³. maRta km 911-16

enAeBlEdltulakarsuMBRgIklkçxNÐénkarRbKl;xøÜn Edl)anGnuBaØatiedayGaCJaFrkm<úCa sMeNIRtUv eFVIeTA kan;GaCJaFrmansmtßkic© edayeyageTAtammaRta 87 énlkçnþik³ EdlRtUvbBa¢ÚnCamYynwgÉksar sMGag bBa¢ak;epSg²eTot RBmTaMgesckþIsnñidæanrbs;samuIxøÜn eTAsPaesuIbsYrrbs;sala]T§rN_.

eRkayBI)anBinitüemIlÉksarTaMgGs; nigkarBnül;bkRsayrbs;emFavIkarBarCnEdlBak;B½n§Rbsin ebImanrYcehIy RbsinebIsPaesuIbsYrsnñidæanfaBMumankarPan;RcLMCak;EsþgeTenaH Kat;GnuBaØatielIkarBRgIk Edl)ansuM. maRta km 911-17

Cn EdlCakmμvtßúénkarcab;xøÜnbeNþaHGasnñ tamlkçxNÐEdlmanEcgenAkñúgmaRta 92 énlkçnþik³ RbsinebI mankaryl;RBmBICnenH GacRtUv)anRbKl;eTAeGaytulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati muneFVIkaresñI suMCapøÚvkareTAGaCJaFrmansmtßkic© edIm,IeGayeFVIkarRbKl;xøÜn BIsMNak;yutþaFikarGnþrCati edayeyag eTAtammaRta 87 énlkçnþik³.


131

esckþIsMercRbKl;xøÜnRtUveFVIeLIgedaysPaesuIbsYrrbs;sala]T§rN_eRkayBIxøÜn)anCUndMNwg dl;Cn EdlBak;B½n§BIsiT§ikñúgkarTTYl)annUvnItiviFIénkarRbKl;xøÜnCapøÚvkarnigTTYl)ankarRbmeRBogrYcehIy . enAkñúgGMLúgeBlénsvnkmμrbs;sPaesuIbsYrCnEdlBak;B½n§GacRtUv)anCYykarBar edayemFavImñak;tam kareRCIserIsrbs;xøÜn b¤ edayemFavIcat;taMgtamlkçxNÐEdl)anEcgedayc,ab;sþIBIlkçnþik³emFavI nig man GñkbkERbRbsinebICakarKYr.

Cn EdlCakmμvtßúénkarcab;xøÜnbeNþaHGasnñtamlkçxNÐEdlmanEcgenAkñúgmaRta 92 énlkçnþik³ ehIyEdl min)anyl;RBmRbKl;xøÜneGaytulakar GacRtUv)anedaHElgeGaymanesrIPaB edayeyag eTAtammaRta 87 énlkçnþik³ RbsinebIGaCJaFrmansmtßkic©min)anTTYlnUvsMeNIeGayeFVIkarRbKl;xøÜnCa pøÚvkareT enAkñúgGMLúgeBl Edl)ankMNt;edayviFannItiviFI nigPsþútag rbs;yutþaFikarGnþrCatienH.

karedaHElgeGaymanesrIPaB RtUv)ansMercedaysPaesuIbsYr tamBaküsuMrbs;samuIxøÜn. sPaesuIb sYr RtUvsMerckñúgry³eBlR)aMbIéf¶ Kitcab;taMgBIéf¶bgðajxøÜnrbs;Cn EdlRtUv)ancab;xøÜn. maRta km 911-18

RbsinebICnenaHyl;RBm CnEdlRtUv)anXuMxøÜnenAkñúgTwkdIrbs;RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa GacRtUv)anepÞr eTA eGaytulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati edIm,IRtYtBinitüelIGtþsBaØaN b¤sþab; b¤edIm,IbMeBj kic©karesuIb GegátepSg²eTot. karepÞrRtUv)anGnuBaØatiedayrdæm®nþIRksYgyutþiFm’.

CMBUkTI 2 ³ kardak;eTas nigviFankarN_CYsCulkarxUcxat EdleFVIeLIgeday tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati

EpñkTI 1 ³ kardak;eTasBin½y nigkarrwbGUs RBmTaMgviFankarN_CYsCulkar xUcxatrbs;CnrgeRKaH

maRta km 912-1 enAeBlEdltulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati)aneFVIkaresñIsuM kardak;eTasBin½y nigkarrwbGUs b¤esckþIsMerc

EdlTak;TgnwgkarCYsCul EdleFVIeLIgedaytulakarenH RtUv)anGnuBaØatieGaytulakarRkugPñMeBj Edl )anbþwgeday RBHraCGaCJa b¤edayRKb;PaKIsamuITaMgGs;. nItiviFIenAcMeBaHmuxtulakarRkugPñMeBj RtUveKarB tamviFanénRkmenH.


132

tulakarRkugRtUveKarBtamesckþIsMercrbs;tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati edayrYmbBa©ÚlTaMgbTbBaØtþi Edl Tak;TgnwgsiT§irbs;ttIyCn. pÞúyeTAvij enAkñúgkarGnuvtþdIkarwbGUs tulakarRkugGacecjviFankarN_ nana edIm,IdkhUtvtßúEdlmantMélCaRTBüsm,tþi b¤FnFan EdltulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati)ansMerceGay rwbGUs enAeBlEdldIkasMerceGayrwbGUsenHTMngCaminGacGnuvtþ)an. tulakarRtUvsþab;BiruT§Cn RBmTaMgbuKÁl TaMgGs; EdlmansiT§ielIvtßú tamdIkacat;eGaysYrCMnYs. CnTaMgenHGactMNagedayemFavI)an.

enAeBlEdltulakarRkugBinitüeXIjfa karGnuvtþdIkarwbGUs b¤dIkaCYsCulkarxUcxat GacbgáeGay man Büsnkm μdl;ttIyCnEdlsuc©rit EdlminGaceFVIbNþwg]T§rN_cMeBaHdIkaenH)antulakarRtUvCUndMNwg eTARBHraCGaCJa edIm,IelIkbBaðaeTAtulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati EdlnwgeFVIkareqøIytbPøam². maRta km 912-2

karGnuBaØatieGaymankarRbtibtþi EdleFVIeLIgedaytulakarRkug edayeyagtammaRtaxagedIm tam esckþI sMercrbs;tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati nwgnaMeGaymankarepÞrR)ak;Bin½y nigvtßúEdl)anrwbGUs b¤R)ak; énkarlk; eTAeGaytulakarGnþrCati b¤eTAmUlnIFisMrab;CnrgeRKaHEdlmanEcgenAmaRta 79 énlkçnþik³. vtßú b¤cMnYnTwk R)ak;TaMgenHGacRtUv)anRbKl;pgEdr eTAeGayCnrgeRKaH RbsinebItulakarGnþrCati)an sMerc nigerobcMeGaymankarcat;taMg. kartv:aTaMgGs;EdlTak;Tgnwgkarcat;taMgR)ak;Bin½y vtßú b¤R)ak;én karlk; RtUvbBa¢ÚneTAtulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCatiEdlnwgedaHRsaybBaðaPøam². EpñkTI 2 ³kardak;eTasBn§naKar maRta km 912-3

edayGnuvtþtammaRta 103 énlkçnþik³ enAeBlEdlraCrdæaPi)al)anyl;RBmTTYlykbuKÁlmñak; Edl )anpþnÞaeTasedaytulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati edIm,IeGayCnenHGacbBa©b;eTasKukrbs;xøÜn enAkñúgEdndIén RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa karpþnÞaeTasEdl)anRbkas GacGnuvtþ)anedaypÞal; nigPøam² cMeBaHeTas EdlenA sl; cab;taMgBIeBlepÞrCnenHenAelIEdndICati.

elIkElgEtbTbBaØtþirbs;lkçnþik³ nigrbs;EpñkenH kardak; nigkarGnuvtþeTasRtUv)anEcgeday bT bBaØtþiénRkmenH.


133

maRta km 912-4 taMgBIeBlmkdl;EdndIrbs;RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa CnEdl)anepÞrRtUv)anbgðajxøÜneTARBHraCGaCJaén

kEnøgmkdl; EdlCaGñkeFVIkarecaTsYrBIGtþsBaØaN nigeFVIkMNt;ehtu. pÞúyeTAvij RbsinebIkarecaTsYr minGaceFVIeTA)anPøam²eT CnenHRtUvbBa¢ÚneTABn§naKar b¤mCÄmNÐlXuMxøÜn EdlminRtUvXuMelIsBIémÖbYn em:ageT. enAeBlput kMNt;ry³eBlenH CnenHRtUvbBa¢ÚneTARBHraCGaCJa edayRbFansßab½n.

tamry³Éksar EdlbgðajBIkarRBmeRBog rvagraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa nigtulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati EdlTak;TgeTAnwgkarepÞrsamuIxøÜn Éksarftcmøg EdlmanbBa¢ak;faRtwmRtUvénesckþIsMercpþnÞaeTas nig karCUn dMNwgrbs;tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCatiBIkalbriecäTénkarcab;epþImGnuvtþeTas nigBIfirevlaEdl enAsl; RBHraCGaCJaRtUvecjdIkaXuMxøÜnCn Edl)anpþnÞaeTasenH CabnÞan;. maRta km 912-5

RbsinebICn EdlRtUv)anpþnÞaeTas )andak;BaküsuMeGayenAeRkAXuM eGaymanesrIPaBBak;kNþal eGayman karkat;bnßyeTas eGayEbgEckeTasCavKÁ² b¤eGaymankarBüÜreTas eGaydak;enAeRkam kartamdaneRKOg eGLicRtUnic b¤karedaHElgeGaymanesrIPaBedaymanlkçxNÐ BaküsuMenHRtUveFVI eTAkan;GKÁRBHraCGaCJaGmsala]T§rN_ EdlnwgbBa¢ÚnbnþeTArdæm®nþIRksYgyutþiFm’.

rdæm®nþIRksYgyutþiFm’RtUvbBa¢ÚnBaküsuM rYmCamYynwgÉksarEdlBak;B½n§TaMgGs; eTAtulakarRBhμTNÐ GnþrCati enAkñúgry³eBlmYyd¾smRsb.tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCatiRtUvsMerc faetICnEdlRtUv)an eKpþnÞa eTasGac b¤minGacTTYl)annUvviFankarN_ TaMgenH. enAeBlEdlesckþIsMercrbs;tulakarGviC¢man raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCaRtUvbBa¢ak;eTAtulakarfaxøÜn yl;RBm b¤minyl;RBm EfrkSaCnenH enAelITwkdIrbs;xøÜn b¤cg;suMeGaymankarepÞreTArdæmYyeTot EdltulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatnwgcat;taMg}.


134

EpñkTI6³ karCYsCulkarxUcxatdl;CnrgeRKaH

esckþIepþIm CaelIkTImYyenAkñúgRbvtþisa®sþrbs;yutþiFm’GnþrCati EdltulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCatimYyman smtßkic© edIm,IecjesckþIsMercCYsCulkarxUcxatrbs;CnrgeRKaH. nItiviFIenHGnuBaØatieGaytulakarGac cat;viFankarN_rwbGUs nigdkhUt ehIykMNt;BIeKalkarN_énkarCYsCulkarxUcxat EdlrYmmankarRbKl; vtßúvij karsgsMNg nigkarpþl;nItism,TaeGayvij edayKμanRBMEdnkMNt;. dUecñH smtßkic©kñúgkarCYsCulkarxUcxat)anFøak;eTAelItulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati. EnAkñúgkrNI mYycMnYn GaCJaFrCatikm<úCa b¤breTs EdlmankatBVkic©eFVIkarshkarCamYytulakarenH Gaccat;nItiviFI CYsCulkarxUcxatpgEdr. dUcenH karCYsCulkarxUcxatrbs;CnrgeRKaH GacBak;B½n§nwgGaCJaFrkm<úCatamrebobBIry:ag ³ - edayTnÞwmKña b¤eRkay nItiviFIénkarCYsCul enAcMeBaHmuxtulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati b¤ cMeBaHmux tulakarbreTs RbeTskm<úCaRtUvpþl;GanuPaBdl;esckþIsMerc Edl)aneFVIeLIgenAkñúgRkbx½NÐénnItiviFIenH ¬CMBUk I¦. - edaypÞal;BIeRBaHnItiviFIénkarCYsCul)anRbRBwtþeTApgEdr enAcMeBaHmuxtulakarExμr ¬CMBUk II¦.

CMBUk1 ³ nItiviFIenAcMeBaHmux tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati b¤ tulakarbreTs lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um)anEcgfa GaCJaFrkm<úCaRtUvGnuvtþesckþIsMerc nigdIkaCYsCulkarxUcxat rbs; tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati. lkçnþik³enHk¾)anbBa¢ak;pgEdrfa GaCJaFrkm<úCaRtUvGnuvtþesckþIsMerc nigdIka CYsCulkarxUcxatenH kñúgRkbx½NÐén {nItiviFIEdl)anEcgedayc,ab;Cati} ¬maRta 75 kfax½NÐ 4 nig maRta 109 kfax½NÐ1¦. eyIgGacmankaregOgq¶l;pgEdr BIkatBVkic©rbs;RbeTskm<úCakñúgkarGnuvtþ esckþIsMerc EdlTak;TgnwgnItiviFI énkarCYsCulkarxUcxat enAcMeBaHmuxtulakarbreTs.


135

k> kic©shRbtibtþikarCamYy tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati nig karGnuvtþdIka CYsCulkarxUcxat

maRta 75 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um)anRbkasnUveKalkarN_énsiT§irbs;CnrgeRKaHkñúgkarTTYl)annUv karCYsCulkarxUcxat. {tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati)anbegáIt edayxøÜnÉg nUveKalkarN_TaMgLay Edl GacGnuvtþ)ancMeBaHTMrg; énkarCYsCulkarxUcxat dUcCa karRbKl;vtßúeGayvij karsgsMNg nigkarpþl; nItism,TaeLIgvij EdlRtUveFVI eLIgcMeBaHCnrgeRKaH b¤siT§ivnþrbs;CnrgeRKaH}. tulakarenH GackMNt; BIkMriténkarxUcxaténkar)at;bg; b¤énBüsnkm μ. dUecñH tulakarGacsMerckarCYsCulkar xUcxat Edlman TMrg;CalkçN³buKÁl nigrYm. enAkñúgkrNIEdlkarCYsCul)aneFVIeLIgCalkçN³buKÁl tulakarecjdIka RbqaMgnwgCnEdlRtUv)anpþnÞaeTas ¬maRta 75 kfax½NÐ 2 rbs;lkçnþik³ nigmaRta 98-2 rbs;viFan nItiviFI nigPsþútag¦. tulakarGacsMercpgEdrfa R)ak;sMrab;CYsCulRtUvtMkl; enAmUlnIFisMrab;CnrgeRKaH RbsinebIenAeBlvinicä½y R)ak;enaHminGacRbKl;eTAeGay CnrgeRKaH mñak;²dac;edayELkBIKña)an. R)ak; Edl)aneFVIkarEbgEckrYcehIy RtUvRbKl;eTAeGayCnrgeRKaH eGay)anqab;tamEtGaceFVIeTA)an. enATI bBa©b; tulakarGacsMercfa R)ak;sMrab;karCYsCulRtUvEckcay edayqøgtamry³mUlnIFisMrab;CnrgeRKaH enAeBlEdlkarCYsCulCarYmmanlkçN³smRsbCag edayeyageTAelI cMnYnCnrgeRKaH kMritTMrg; nig EbbbTénkarCYsCulkar xUcxat ¬maRta 79 rbs;lkçnþik³ nigmaRta 98 rbs;viFan nItiviFI nigPsþútag¦ . enAkñúgn½yénkarCYsCulkarxUcxat tulakarGaccat;viFankarEfrkSa EdlrdæTaMgLaymankatBVkic©Rbtibtþi tam edayGnuvtþnUvkatBVkic©kñúgkarshkar ¬cMeBaHkic©shRbtibtþikarkñúgviFankarN_EfrkSa sUmemIlmaRta 75 kfa x½NÐ 4/ maRta 57 kfax½NÐ 3 vaküx½NÐ g> nig maRta 93 kfax½NÐ 1 vaküx½NÐ d> énlkçnþik³ TIRkugrU:m nig maRta 99 rbs;viFannItiviFI nig Psþútag¦. tulakarGacRbkaseTasdkhUtR)ak;cMNUl vtßú nigFnFan Edl)anTajykedaypÞal; b¤minpÞal;BI bT]Rkidæ ¬cMeBaHkarGnuvtþn_viFankarN_ dkhUt nigdIkaCYsCulkarxUcxat sUmemIl maRta 75 kfax½NÐ 5/ maRta 77 kfax½NÐ 2 énlkçnþik³ nigmaRta 217 dl; 219 nig 221-2 énviFannItiviFI nigPsþútag¦. 1- katBVkic©kñúgkarshkaredIm,IkarCYsCulkarxUcxat karGnuvtviFankarCYsCulkarxUcxatmanRbPBBIrbbénkic©shRbtibtþikarrbs;rdæTaMgLay enAkñúg Rkbx½NÐTUeTAénkarGnuvtþn_eTas ehIyminEmnenAkñúgRkbx½NðénkarCYsCulkarxUcxatrbs;CnrgeRKaHeT89 89> sUmemIlEp§kTI5.


136

elIkElgEtkñúg krNIedayELkénkaresñIsuMeGaymankic©shRbtibtþikarsMrab;GnuvtþviFan karN_EfrkSa edIm,IeFVIkarrwbGUs ¬maRta 75 kfax½NÐ 5 maRta 77 kfax½NÐ 2 maRta 79 kfax½NÐ 2 énlkçnþik³ nig maRta 217 dl; 219 nig 221-2 énviFannItiviFI nigPsþútag¦. maRta 75 kfax½NÐ 4 rbs;lkçnþik³ )anpþl;GMNaceGaytulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatikñúgkaresñIsuM rdæCaPaKITaMgLay nUvviFankarN_énkic©shRbtibtþikar EdlmanEcgenAkñúgmaRta 93 kfax½NÐ 1. bT bBaØtþiCaeRcInénkfax½NÐenH GnuBaØatieGaymankarGnum½tviFankarN_CYsCulEdlskþism ³ vaküx½NÐ k GnuBaØatieGaymankarkMNt;TItaMgRTBürbs;mnusSmñak; vakü x½NÐ d {kMNt;GtþsBaØaN kMNt;TItaMg RbmUl b¤rwbGUsplBIbT]Rkidæ RTBü FnFan nig]bkrN_nana EdlmankarCab;Bak;B½n§nwg bT]Rkidæ edIm,IeFVIkardk hUtCayfaehtu} vakü x½NÐ f )anBRgIkkic©shRbtibtþikareTAelI CMnYyepSg²xagEpñkc,ab;rbs;rdæ. m:üag vijeTot maRta 96 énlkçnþik³ )anbBa¢ak;BIxøwmsarrbs;kar suMeGaymankic©shRbtibtþikar. kic©shRbtibtþkar edIm,ICYsCulkarxUcxatenH GacbegáItnUvbBaðaBIry:ag. Cabzm cMeBaHrdæTTYl sMeNI viFankarN_TaMgenHGacb:HBal;dl;snþisuxsNþab;Fñab;saFarN³ b¤ plRbeyaCn_sMxan; epSg²eTot rbs;xøÜn. tamkarBit sn§isBaØaTaMgLay EdlsþIBIkic©shRbtibtþikarxagyutþaFikarGnþrCatikñúgvis½y RBh μTNÐ CaTUeTAEtgEtmanRBMEdnkMNt;. b:uEnþ sn§isBaØaTaMgenaHmin)anbgáeGayman]bsKÁ dl;kar bMeBjkatBVkic©kñúgkarshkarCamYynwgtulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCatieT. bnÞab;mkeTot GaCJaFrCatiGacTTYlyksMeNIepSg²eTot dUcCakarsuMrwbGUsCaedIm EdleFVIeLIg edaytulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati nigedayrdæNamYyEdlCaPaKI b¤minEmnCaPaKIénlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um. bBaða enH RtUv)anedaHRsayedayRmata 93 kfax½NÐ 9 vaküx½NÐ k énlkçnþik³ EdleFVIkarEbgEckCaBIrkrNI ³ - rdæTTYlsMeNICab;katBVkic©GnþrCatiCamYyttIyrdæ EdlGacbgáeGayman]bsKÁdl;karbMeBj katBVkic©rbs;xøÜn cMeBaHtulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati. enAkñúgkrNIenH GaCJaFrCatiRtUvxñHExñg {eqøIytb sMeNITaMgBIr} ¬maRta 93 kfax½NÐ 9 k> i énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um¦ ehIycMeBaHGñktak;Etgc,ab;km<úCaRtUv bBa¢ak;eGay)anc,as; faetIGaCJaFrmYyNa ¬RksYgkic©karbreTs b¤RksYgyutþiFm’¦ EdlnwgdwknaMkar BieRKaHeyabl;edaHRsaybBaað EdlCakatBVkic©meFüa)ay (obligation de moyen) enH. -eyagtammaRta 93 kfax½NÐ 9 vaküx½NÐ k cMnuc ii RbsinebIeKminGaceFVIeTA)aneT bBaðaenH RtUv)anedaHRsay edayeyagtammaRta 90 énlkçnþik³. CalT§pl esckþIsMercRtUvKitGMBI {ktþaEdl Bak;B½n§TaMgGs; EdlrYmmandUcCa lMdab;kalbriecäTrbs;sMeNI plRbeyaCn_rbs;[ttIy]rdæ ehIyCa


137

Biess karEdlfabT]RkidæenHRtUv)anRbRBwtþenAelITwkdIrbs;xøÜn nigsBa¢atirbs;CnrgeRKaH ¬>>>¦ nig lT§PaBEdlfa [ttIy]rdæ)ancat;nItiviFI [edayGnuvtþtamkaresñIsuMrbs;tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati]}.

2- katBVkic©GnuvtþdIkaCYsCulkarxUcxat karGnuvtþn_dIkaCYsCul rbs;tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati RtUveKarBtameKalkarN_FM²cMnYnBIr ³ TImYy KweKalkarN_énGMNacrbs;dIka (le principe de l’autorité des ordonnances) EdlRtUvTTYlsÁal; Cadac; xat nigTIBIr KWeKalkarN_énkmøaMgcab;bgçMeGayGnuvtþrbs;dIka (le principe de leur force exécutoire) edayeyageTAnItiviFICati. maRta 75 kfax½NÐ 5 nig maRta 109 rbs;lkçnþik³ )andak;bgçMeGayrdæTaMgLay TTYlsÁal;y:ag dac;xat nUvdIka CYsCulkarxUcxat enAkñúgbTdæankñúgRsukrbs;xøÜn. maRta 219 énviFannItiviFI nigPsþútag)anhamXat;dl;rdæCaPaKITaMgT,ayeFVIkarEkERbdIkaenH enaHeT. dUecñH RbeTskm<úCaminGacdak;dIkaenHeGayenAeRkamnItiviFIénkarRtYtBinitü)aneT. dUcenH Ca lT§pl c,ab;kñúgRsukRtUvEtsMrbxøÜntam. cMeBaHlkçxNÐTMrg; EdlmanEcgenAkñúgmaRta 218 énviFannItiviFI nigPsþútag EdlGmCamYydIka rwbGUs GnuBaØatieGayrdæTaMgLaybBa¢ak;BIPaBRtwmRtUv nigGnuvtþdIkaTaMgenHeGay)ansmRsb. m:üag eTot maRtaenH)anGnuBaØatieGayrdæTaMgLayerobcMeGaymanlkçN³dUcKña nUvnItiviFInanakñúgkarGnuvtþdI ka. viFannItiviFI nig Psþútag)anbBa¢ak;GMBInItiviFIénkarcat;viFankarN_ nigkic©shRbtibtþikaredIm,I GnuvtþdIkaTaMgenH. dUcCa maRta 217 énviFan)anEcgBIlT§PaBsMrab;caghVagtulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati eFVIkaresñIsuMeGaymankic©shRbtibtþikarBIrdæTaMgLay edayeyageTAtamCMBUkTI IX énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um TaMgRsug ehIyminEmnRKan;EttammaRta 93 kfax½NÐ 1 énCMBUkenHb:ueNÑaHenaHeT. maRta 96-2 énviFan )anbBaaØtþiBIsMeNIeGaymankic©shRbtibtþikar Edl)aneFVIeLIgeTAkan;rdænana cMeBaHviFankarpSBVpSay nItiviFIénkarCYsCulrbs;tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati.

x> kic©shRbtibtþikarrvagrdænwgrdæ viFanénkic©shRbtibtþikarrvagrdænigrdæCaviFanFmμta eTaHCafñak;CatikþI b¤fñak;GnþrCatikþI EdleqøIy tbeTAnwgeKalkarN_énkarbMeBjbEnßmeGayKñaeTAvijeTAmk. pÞúyeTAvij eyIgKYrEteFVIkarEklMGrEbb


138

bTTaMgGs;enHeGaymanlkçN³EtmYyvij. Gñktak;Etgc,ab;km<úCaGacbgçMGaCJaFryutþaFikar nigrdæaPi)al eGaysMrYlviFankarN_nana munkarCYsCulkarxUcxat EdlmandUcCa viFankarN_EfrkSaCaedIm nigmankMNt; nUvkarTTYlsÁal;dac;xat RBmTaMgnItiviFIGnuvtþesckþIsMercbreTsNamYy sþIBIkarCYsCul karxUcxat (une

procédure d’exequatur simplifiée des jugements de réparation). enAkñúgkrNIenH GnusBaØaRb‘ucEsl (la

Convention de Bruxelles) EdlsþIBIsmtßkic©tulakar nigkarGnuvtþesckþIsMerc kñúgvis½yrdæb,evNI nig BaNiC¢km μ nigGnusBaØaluyháaNU (la Convention de Lugano) EdlsþIBIsmtßkic©tulakar nigkarGnuvtþ esckþIsMerckñúgvis½y rdæb,evNI nigBaNiC¢km μ GacykmkeFVICaesckþIeyag)an.

CMBUk2 ³ nItiviFIenARbeTskm<úCa eyIgKYrecaTeTAelIbBaðasmtßkic©rbs;tulakar rdæb,evNIExμrcMeBaHkarsMercelIbBaðaénBaküsuMCYs CulkarxUcxat Edl)aneFVIeLIgedayCnrgeRKaHNamñak; enAeBlEdlbNþwgGaCJaRtUv)aneFVIeLIgenAcMeBaH muxtulakarmYyepSgeTot.sßanPaBcMnYnbIGacelIkeLIgGaRs½yeTAtamTIkEnøgEdlbNþwgGaCJaenH)anRbRBwtþeTA³ enARbeTskm<úCa enAcMeBaHmuxtulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati nigenAcMeBaHmuxtulakarrbs;RbeTsNa mYyepSgeTot.

k> nItiviFIRBhμTNÐenARbeTskm<úCa 1- karkMNt;BIsmtßkic© maRta 5-4 énGnusBaØaRb‘ucEsl )anesñInUvdMeNaHRsayd¾samBaØmYy EdltRmUveGaymankar pøas;bþÚrc,ab;Ex μr tictYcb:ueNÑaH. maRtaenHEcgfa cugecaTGacRtUv)aneKnaMmkbMPøW {RbsinebICabNþwgsuM CYsCulkarxUcxat b¤bNþwgeGayRbKl;sgvij EdlmanmUldaænelIbTelμIs enAcMeBaHmuxtulakarEdl bNþwgGaCJa)aneFVIeLIgEdltamc,ab;tulakarenHGacedaHRsaybNþwgrdæb,evNI)an}. nItiviC¢mankm<úCamin manEcgnUvlT§PaBenHeT cMeBaHkrNIbNþwgrdæb,evNIEdleFIVenAcMeBaHmuxtulakarRBh μTNÐ. pÞúyeTAvij maRta km 131-9 énesckþIRBagRkmnItiviFIRBh μTNÐfμ I )anelIkeLIgnUvbBaðaenH eday)anEcgfa ³ {bNþwgrdæb,evNIGaceFVIeLIg RbqaMgeTAnwgCnTaMgGs;EdlRtUvCYsCulBüsnkm μ EdlCalT§ plénbTel μ Is

eBalKW ³ - carI nigshcarIénbTelμ Is


139

- GñksmKMnit - GñkTTYlxusRtUvxagrdæb,evNI} ¬GkSr eRTtRtUv)anbEnßm¦.

enAkñúgkrNIEdlbNþwgrdæb,evNIeFVIeLIgenAcMeBaHmuxtulakarrdæb,evNIkm<úCa saracrelx 04-84 rbs;RksYgyutþiFm’ cuHéf¶TI 8 kBaØa 1984 EdlsþIBInItiviFIrdæb,evNI )anEcgenAkñúg {kMNt;sMKal;} II

cMNuc 2 nUvkarcUl mkeqøIybMPøWrbs;cugecaT eday)anEcgfa ³ {II - ]b,tþiehtuenAeBlCMnuMCMrH

2- karnaMttIyCnCaedImbNþwg b¤ cugecaTénerOgkþImkbMPøW

edIm,ICaplRbeyaCn_rbs;PaKITaMgGs;enAeBlBiPakSaedjedal ecARkmGaceGayttIyCncUlmkbMPøW kñúgnamCa edImbNþwg b¤CacugcemøIy EdlmanTMnak;TMngCamYynwgerOgkþI}.

CaGkusl esckþIRBagRkmnItiviFIrdæb,evNImin)anyklMnaMtambTbBaØtþirbs;saracrelx 04-84 enHeT. dUecñH eyIgKYrEtbBa©ÚlbBaaØtþienHeTAkñúgmaRta 84 énesckþIRBag EdlTak;TgnwgkarbEnßm b¤kar pøas;bþÚrkmμvtßúbNþwg. 2- karBRgIksmtßkic© niymn½yrbs;eKalkarN_énkarCYsCulRtUvyklMnaMtamkarvivtþn_rbs;nItiGnþrCati ¬CasMPar³ b¤ Cayutþisa®sþ¦ EdlRtUv)ancgCaRkmedayeKalkarN_CamUldæan nigkarENnaMTaMgLay EdlTak;Tgnwg siT§ikñúgkarbþwg b¤CYsCulkarxUcxUtrbs;CnrgeRKaHBIkarrMelaPbMBany:agCak;EsþgelI nItiGnþrCati sþIBIsiT§i mnusS nigkarrMelaPbMBany:agF¶n;F¶relInItimnusSFm’GnþrCati Edl)anGnum½tenAéf¶TI 10 vicäika 2005 edaymhasnñi)atrbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCati. GtßbTenH )anyklMnaMedaypÞal; BIkartak;Etgrbs;maRta 75 kfax½NÐ 1 énlkçnþik³ dUcEdl)anelIkeLIgenAkñúgkargareRtomerobcMcgRkg.

x> nItiviFIenAcMeBaHmuxtulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati TnÞwmKñanwgnItiviFI EdlebIkcMeBaHmuxtulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatieRkamlkçxNÐénkarP¢ab;bT]Rkidæ

eTAtulakarCati EdlmanEcgenAkñúgc,ab;kñúgRsuk CnrgeRKaHRtUvmanGMNacesñIsuM enAcMeBaHmuxtulakar km<úCa eGaymankarCYsCulBüsnkm μ EdlmanRbPBBIbT]RkidæTaMgLay EdleK)ansÁal;.


140

RbsinebIdIkaCYsCulkarxUcxatrbs;tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCatiRtUv)aneFVIeLIgCamun smtßkic©rbs; tulakarkm<úCa caM)ac;RtUvkMNt;EtelIkarxUcxatTaMgLay EdldIkarbs;tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCatienHmin)an sMerceGaymankarCYsCul.

K> nItiviFIRBhμTNÐenAcMeBaHmuxtulakarrbs;ttIyrdæNamYy eKRtUvGnuvtþtamviFanFm μtaénkarCYyKñaeTAvijeTAmkxagyutþaFikarrdæb,evNI CaBiesskñúgkarCUn dMNwgCalayl½kçGkSr nigkarCUndMNwgtampøÚvtulakar (en matière de notification et de signification) tamKMrUrbs;GnusBaØaRkugLaeG (la Convention de la Haye) qñaM 1965. pÞúyeTAvij cMeBaHkarbþwgeTA tulakarBIr sMrab;erOgkþIEtmYy (la litispendance) nigkarbBa©ÚleTAkñúgnItiviFIEtmYynUv erOgkþIBIr Edlman TMnak;TMngnwgKña (la connexité) eyIgKYrEtGnum½tnUvviFanénkic©shRbtibtþikard¾rwgmaM EdlykKMrUtammaRta 21 nig 22 rbs;GnusBaØaRb‘ucEsl. bnÞab;mkeTot viFankarénkic©shRbtbtþikarCak;Esþg rvagyutþaFikarnigyutþaFikar RtUvEtman Ecgkñúgc,ab;CaBiesscMeBaHkarpøas;bþÚrB½t’manrvagyutþaFikarTaMgLay. enARKb;krNITaMgGs; RbsinebI esckþIsMercrbs;tulakarbreTs)aneFVIeLIgmunesckþIsMercrbs;tulakarm<úCaenaH GaCJaGs;CMnuMRtUvbBaÄb; nItiviFItamc,b;m<úCa enAkñúgRBMEdnénkarxUcxat EdltulakarbreTs)ansMerc.

eGhV GuI ed Gas pþl;Gnusasn_ ³ 1- cMeBaHnItiviFIenAcMeBaHmuxtulakarbreTsNamYy b¤enAcMeBaHmuxtulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati

k- cMeBaHkic©shRbtibtþikar CamYynwg tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati eGaybBa©ÚleTAkñúgesckþIRBagRkmnItiviFIrdæb,evNI kñúgKnßITI 7 sþIBIviFankarN_EfrkSa nUvCMBUkTI 4 fμ ImYy sþIBIkic©shRbtibtþikarCamYytulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati kñúgeKalbMNgdkhUt edIm,ICYsCulkarxUcxat ¬maRta 57 kfax½NÐ 3 g> maRta 93 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um nigmaRta 90 énviFannItiviFI nigPsþútag¦. eRkABImaRta 573 fμ I CMBUkTI 4 fμ I manmaRta 572 f μI ¬sUmemIlGnusasn_xageRkam¦. CalT§pl maRta 572 edIménesckþIRBagRkmrdæb,evNI EdlmancMNgeCIgfa {karcUlCaFrmanrbs;Rkm} )ankøayeTACamaRta 574 ehIyKnßITI 8 EdlmancMNgeCIgfa {GvsanbBaØtþi} EdlmanmaRta 572 BImun nwgsßitenAbnÞab;BImaRta 573 fμ I.


141

CMBUkTI 4 nig maRta 573 manEcgdUcteTA ³ {KnßITI 7 ³ viFankarN_EfrkSa CMBUkTI 4 ³ kic©shRbtibtþikarCamYytulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati [maRta 572 ³ sUmemIlGnusasn_xageRkam]

maRta 573 ¬viFankarN_EfrkSa Edl)anesñIsuMedaytulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati edIm,ICYsCulkarxUcxat¦ karGnuvtþn_enAelITwkdIénRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa nUvviFankarN_EfrkSaEdlCakmμvtßúénkaresñIsuMeGayman kic©shRbtibtþikar Edl)aneFVIeLIgedaytulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati dUcEdlmanEcgenAkñúgmaRta km 912-1 énesckþIRBagRkmnItiviFIRBh μTNÐ [maRtaEdl)an esñIeLIgeday eGhV GuI ed Gas sUmemIl xagedIm] ehIyeday GnuvtþtammaRta 93 kfax½NÐ 1 vaküx½NÐ d> énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um RtUvRbRBwtþieTA tamkarcMNayrbs;rtnaKarCati nigtamEbbbTEdlmanEcgenAkñúgRkmenH edaytulakarmansmtßkic© eRkayeBlEdltulakarenH)anTTYl bNþwgrbs;RBHraCGaCJakñúgeKalbMNgenH b¤ edayPaKIénerOgkþI RbsinebIm©as;kmμsiT§i)andwgBIRbPB b¤ BikareRbIR)as;edaybMBan. karelIkElgTaMgRsug b¤ mYyEpñknUvviFankarEfrkSa GacesñIsuMedayCnTaMgLayEdlmanplRbeyaCn_. caghVagtulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatiRtUvEt)anCUndMNwgCamunBIkarelIkElgenH. KarGnuBaØatieGayGnuvtþesckþIsMercénkarrwbGUs Edl)aneFVIeLIgedaytulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati Cakar pþl;nUvsar³sMxan;dl;viFankarrwbGUs nignaMeGaymankarFanadl;karCYsCulsMNg}. -eGayeFVIkarEkERbmaRta 537 énesckþIRBagRkmnItiviFIrdæb,evNI EdlCalT§plénkartak;Etgfμ Irbs; maRta 573 énRkmdEdl edayeFVIkarbEnßmnUvkfax½NÐTI 6 sþIBIkarTTYlbnÞúk rbs;rtnaKarCati cMeBaH karcMNaynana EdlCab;Bak;B½n§nwgkarGnuvtþviFankarN_EfrkSa. kfax½NÐTI 6 nigcugeRkaybg¥s;rbs; maRta 537 manEcgdUcteTA ³ {enAeBlEdl karesñIsuMedIm,IeGaymankarGnuvtþn_viFankarN_EfrkSaRtUv)aneFVIeLIgedaytulakarRBh μ TNÐGnþrCati ral;karcMNayTaMgGs;CabnÞúkrbs;rtnaKarCati}.

x- cMeBaHkarTTYlsÁal; nigkarGnuvtþesckþIsMerc


142

- eGaybBa©ÚleTAkñúgesckþIRBagRkmnItiviFIRBh μTNÐfμ I Rtg;CMBUkTI 4 fμ I Edl)anesñIeLIgxagelI sþIBI kic©shRbtibtþikarCamYynwgtulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati nUvmaRta 572 sþIBIkarTTYlsÁal;esckþIsMerc rbs;tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati nigrbs;RbeTsepSg²eTot EdlCaPaKI b¤ minEmnCaPaKIénlkçnþik³ TIRkugr:Um. maRta 572 manEcgdUcteTA ³

{maRta 572 ¬karTTYlsÁal;esckþIsMercrbs; tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati nig rbs;rdæCaPaKI b¤minEmn CaPaKIénlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Umrbs;tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati¦

esckþIsMercTaMgGs;EdlEp¥kelImaRta 75 énlkçnþik³tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati EdlTak;TgnwgkarCYsCul karxUcxat edayrab;bBa©ÚlTaMgesckþIsMercelIviFankarN_beNþaHGasnñ nigEfrkSa b¤ esckþIsMerc Edl Bak;B½n§nwgmUlnIFisMrab;CnrgeRKaH Edl)anEcgenAkñúgmaRta 79 énlkçnþik³sþIBIR)ak;Bin½y nigkarrwbGUs eTaHbICa)aneFVIeLIgedaytulakarrbs;rdæNamYyCaPaKIénlkçnþik³ nigmankmøaMgGnuvtþenAkñúgrdæenH b¤eday tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCatik¾eday RtUvmankarTTYlsÁal; Cadac;xat edayeyageTAtam maRta 109 én lkçnþik³tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati nigmaRta 217 nig 219 énviFannItiviFI nigPsþútag rbs;tulakar RBhμTNÐGnþrCati. vaRtUvEt)anRbkasBIkmøaMgGnuvtþ edayRbFantulakarEdlmansmtßkic©tamBaküsuM rbs;PaKIénerOgkþI. esckþIsMercTaMgLay Edl)aneFVIeLIgenAkñúgrdæNamYyEdlCaPaKIénlkçnþik³tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati min GacmankmøaMgeGayGnuvtþenAelITIkdIrbs;RbeTskm<úCaeTRbsinebI ³ - esckþIsMercenaHpÞúynwgsNþab;Fñab;saFarN³ - esckþIsMercenaHTTYl)an edaykarEkøgbnøM - esckþIsMercenaHminGacpSHpSar)anCamYynwgesckþIsMercNamYy Edl)anecjedaytulakarkm<úCa b¤CamYyesckþIsMercNamYy EdlecjedaytulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati b¤CamYyesckþIsMercNamYyrbs; tulakarbreTs EdlmanGnuPaBenAelIRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa. esckþIsMercEdl)aneFVIeLIgenAkñúgrdæNa mYy EdlminEmnCaPaKIénlkçnþik³tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati RtUvmankarTTYlsÁal; nigRbkasfa man kmøaMgGacGnuvtþ)an tamlkçxNÐrbs;nItirYm b¤sn§isBaØaEdlGacGnuvtþ)an}.

eGhV GuI ed Gas snñidæan ³ 2- cMeBaHnItiviFIenAcMeBaHmuxtulakarEx μr


143

- Tak;TgeTAnwgmaRta km 2111-1/ km 2121-1/ km 2131-1 nig km 2131-2 [tamkartak;Etg Edl)anesñICaGnusasn_ eday eGhV GuI ed Gas sUmemIlenAxagedIm TMB½r31/ 38/ 39/ 42/ 44/ 45/ 46] énesckþIRBagRkmRBhμTNÐf μ I Edl)anbBa©ÚlbT]RkidæTaMgLay Edl)ankMNt; nigeGayniymn½y edaymaRta 5 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um RBmTaMgmaRta km 131-9 énesckþIRBagRkm nItiviFIRBhμTNÐ Edl)anEcgBIkarcUlmkbMPøWrbs;cugecaTenAcMeBaHmuxtulakarEdlbNþwgGaCJa )aneFVI eLIg cMeBaHkarCYsCulkarxUcxat b¤karRbKl;sgvij Edl)anEp¥kelImUldæanénbTel μ Is faCakarmYy EdlviC¢man.

enATIbBa©b; eGhV GuI ed Gas pþl;Gnusasn_pgEdr ³ - eGaymankarbBa©ÚleTAkñúgmaRta 84 énesckþIRBagRkmnItiviFIrdæb,evNI sþIBIkarbEnßm nigkarpøas;bþÚr kmμvtßúrbs;BaküsuM nUvkfax½NÐTI2f μ I sþIBIkarcUlbMPøWrbs;cugecaTenAcMeBaHmuxtulakarrdæb,evNIkm<úCa enAeBlNaEdlmanbNþwgeGayCYsCulkarxUcxat b¤bNþwgeGayRbKl;sgvij EdlEp¥kelImUldæan én bT]RkidæmYy b¤eRcIn EdlmanEcgenAkñúgmaRta km 2111-1/ km 2121-1/ km 2131-1 nig km 2131-2 [dUcEdl eGhV GuI ed Gas )anpþl;Gnusasn_eGayeFVIviesatnkm μ elIkartak;Etg sUmemIlEpñk TI3] énesckþIRBagRkmRBh μTNÐfμ I. GtßbTtak;EtgBIedIm rbs;maRta 84 RtUv)anpøas;bþÚrdUcteTA ³ {maRta 84 ¬karbEnßm b¤karpøas;bþÚrkm μvtßúrbs;BaküsuM nigkarcUlmkbMPøWrbs;cugecaT¦ 1> cMeBaHkarbEnßm b¤karpøas;bþÚrkmμvtßúrbs; BaküsuM ³ k- edImbNþwgGacbEnßmkm μvtßúNamYy eTAkñúgBaküsuM b¤pøas;bþÚrkmμvtßúedImrbs;BaküsuM rhUtdl;cugbBa©b; énkar BiPakSaedjedaledaypÞal;mat; RbsinebIvaminmankarpøas;bþÚrmUlehtuKtiyutþi EdlCamUldæan rbs;BaküsuMBI munenAkñúgkrNIEdlkarbEnßm b¤karpøas;bþÚrenHnwgbgáeGaymankaryWty:avy:agxøaMg nwg minRtUv)anGnuBaØatieT. x- karbEnßm b¤karpøas;bþÚrkm μvtßúrbs;BaküsuM RtUvEteFVIeLIgCalayl½kçGkSr. K- karsresrCalayl½kçGkSr EdlmanEcg enAkñúgvaküx½NÐxagelI RtUvbBa©ÚneTAeGayPaKImçageTot. g-RbsinebIkarbEnßm b¤karpøas;bþÚrkm μvtßúrbs;BaküsuM minmanlkçN³smRsbeTAnwgkartMrUvrbs;yutþiFm’ eT enaHecARkmRtUvecjdIkabdiesFkarbEnßm b¤karpøas;bþÚrkm μvtßúrbs;BaküsuMenH. ecARkmGacecjdIka bdiesFenH tamGMNacqnÞanusiT§irbs;xøÜn.


144

2> cMeBaHkarcUlmkbMPøWrbs;cugcemøIy ³ cugcemøIy GacRtUv)aneKnaMmkeqøIybMPøWenAmuxtulakarrdæb,evNI RbsinebImanbNþwgeGayCYsCulkarxUcxat b¤bNþwgeGayRbKl;sgvij Edl)anEp¥kelImUldæanénbT elμ IsRBhμTNÐrbs;nItirYmNamYy b¤ EdlmanEcgenAkñúglkçnþik³tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati}.


145

EpñkTI7 ³ karEfrkSasmtßkic©rbs;RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCacMeBaHkarb®gáabbT]Rkidæ TaMgLay edayGnuvtþnUvbTdæanGnþrCatiEdlmanlkçN³smRsb

esckþIepþIm

lkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmCamUldæanKtiyutþibMeBjbEnßmsRmab;tulakarRBhμTNÐCati ¬vaküx½NÐ 10énbuBV kfa nigmaRta 1¦. rdæTaMgLayrkSasmtßkic©rbs;xøÜn kñúgkarb®gáabbT]Rkidæ EdlmanEcgedaylkçnþik³. tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatinwgmansmtßkic©kñúgkaresuIbGegát nigCMnuMCRmHEtenAkñúgkrNI EdlrdæminmanqnÞ³ b¤ minmansmtßPaBdwknaMeGay)anl¥)anb:ueNÑaH ¬maRta 17 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um¦. enAkñúgkrNIenH tulakarCatirbs;rdæEdlminmansmtßPaB RtUve)aHbg;erOgkþIenaHecaledayGnuelamtam katBVkic©Edlman EcgenAkñúglkçnþik³xagelI ¬maRta 17 dl; 19¦.

elIsBIenHeTAeTot tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCatiRtUvcat;taMgrdæEdlTTYlbnÞúkGnuvtþeTasdak;Bn§na Kar ehIyrdæenaHCardæEdlmankarCab;Bak;Bn§½CamYynwgkaresuIbGegát RBmTaMgkarCMnuMCRmHedIm,I[cUlrYm enAkñúgkarb®gáabbT]Rkidæ ¬maRta 103 én lkçnþik³¦. EtenAkñúgkrNI Edlrdæcat;taMgenaHmineqøIy tbeTAnwgkarFanaCaGnþrCati sþIBIRbRBwtþkm μeTAelIGñkCab;XuM nigGñkCab;Bn§naKareT tulakarRBhμTNÐ GnþrCatiGacsMercmincat;taMgrdæenHeGayTTYlBiruT§Cn)an ¬maRta 103 kfax½NÐ 3 x>¦. karN_enH nwgeFVIeGaymankarb:HBal;dl;ekrþ×eQμaHrbs;rdæEdlBak;B½n§minxan RbsinebIBlrdærbs;xøÜnNamñak;RtUv)an pþnÞaeTasBIbT]Rkidæ Edl)anRbRBwtþenAelITwkdIrbs;xøÜnehIyEdleTasenaHRtUvbgçM[ykeTAGnuvtþenAÉbr eTs.


146

CMBUk1 ³ karFanananaEdlTTYlsÁal;edayc,ab;GnþrCati sRmab;erOgkþImYyyutþiFm’

edIm,IeGaykm<úCarkSasmtßkic©rbs;xøÜnkñúgkarb®gáabbT]RkidæEdlmanEcgenAkñúglkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um RbeTskm<úCacaM)ac;RtUveKarBral;karFananana EdlTTYlsÁal;edayc,ab;GnþrCatisRmab;[erOgkþImYyman yutþiFm’. tamBit Gsmtßkic©rbs;rdæbNþalmkBIbBaðananadUcCabBaðakgVHlkçN³sm,tiþepSg² Edltula karRBhμTNÐGnþrCati)ankt;smÁal;CMuvijbBaðaénkarFananana EdlTTYlsÁal;edayc,ab;GnþrCati sRmab; erOgkþImYyyutþiFm’ ¬maRta 17 kfax½NÐ 2 nigmaRta 20¦.

bTdæanGnþrCatikñúgkarFananana[erOgkþImYyyutþiFm’ RtUv)anerobrab;edaysegçbenAkñúgmaRta 14 énktikasBaØaGnþrCatisþIBIsiT§iRbCaBlrdæ nigsiT§ineya)ay. edaysarEtxøÜnCasmaCikénktikasBaØa cuHéf¶ TI 20 Exemsa qñaM1992 pg nigkarcUlCaFrmanrbs;lixitUbkrN_enHenAéf¶TI 26 ExsIha qñaM1992 pg RbeTskm<úCaRtUveKarBkatBVkic©TaMgLayEdlekItecjBIktikasBaØaenH.

lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Umk¾manEcgpgEdrnUvbTbBaØtþiEdlTak;TgnwgkarFananana[erOgkþImYyyutþiFm’. kñúgn½yenH maRta 55 )anEcgCaGaT×nUvkarhamXat;ral;karbgçitbgçM b¤ karKMramkMEhg kardak;TNÐkmμ nigkardak;eTas b¤ RbRBwtþkmμnanaEdlmanlkçN³eXareXA GmnusSFm’ nig)at;bg;tMélCamnusS RBm TaMgTTYlsÁal;siT§irbs;buKÁlkñúgkarmineqøIydak;bnÞúkelIxøÜnÉg k¾dUcCasiT§iminsarPaBBIBiruT§PaB nigsiT§i TTYl)anCMnYyBIemFavI CaBiess enAdMNak;kalecaTsYr nigsiT§iTTYl)annUvGñkbkERb.

rdæFmμnuBaØénRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa )anEcgpgEdrnUvkarFananana EdlcaM)ac;sRmab;[erOgkþImYy yutþiFm’ CaGaT×³ maRta 31 )anEcgfa³ {RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCaTTYlsÁal; nigeKarBsiT§imnusS dUcman EcgkñúgFmμnuBaØénGgÁkarshRbCaCati esckþIRbkasCasklsþIBIsiT§imnusS nigktikasBaØaRBmTaMg GnusBaØaTaMgLayTak;TgeTAnwgsiT§imnusS siT§inarI nigsiT§ikumar}. pÞúyeTAvij dUcEdl)an elIkeLIg BIxagedImrYcmkehIy GnusBaØaGnþrCatiCaeRcIn sþIBIsiT§imnusSEdl)anpþl;sc©ab½n edayRbeTskm<úCa ¬b¤EdlRbeTskm<úCayl; RBmeGaymankarBak;B½n§ tamviFIepSg²eTot dUcCa])aKmn_ (l’accession)

CaedIm¦ rhUtmkdl;bc©úb,nñenH minTan;)anbBa©ÚleTAkñúgc,ab;CatienAeLIyeTeTaHbICavamantMélrdæFmμ nuBaØk¾eday edayeyagtammaRta 31 énrdæFm μnuBaØ90.

90> sUmemIlEpñkTI2 CMBUkTI2.


147

m:üagvijeTot maRta 38 énrdæFm μnuBaØ )anhamXat;ral;GMeBIhwgSaelIrUbragkay ral;karbgçitbgçM xagsμartI b¤ rUbragkayelICnCab;XuM RBmTaMg)anEcgeKalkarN_énkarminTTYlykcemøIysarPaB Edl eFVIeLIgtamkarbgçitbgçM nigeKalkarN_sc©aFarN_énnireTas. maRta 39 EcgBIsiT§irbs;RbCaBlrdæ kñúg kareFVIbNþwgRbqaMgnwgGMeBIxusc,ab;rbs;Pñak;garesvasaFarN³rbs;rdæ nigbuKÁlikrbs;eK. KYrbBa¢ak;pg Edrfa karGnuvtþGtßbTc,ab; EdlmanmunqñaM 1979 enAEtmanlkçN³minTan;c,as;las;91 sUm,IEt vamanEcgGMBIeKalkarN_TaMgGs;enHk¾eday. rIÉGtßbTc,ab;eRkayqñaM 1979 enHvijCarYmmanbTbBaØtþi sm½yGnþrkal nigc,ab;sþIBInItiviFIRBh μTNÐ cuHéf¶TI 8 kumÖ³ 1993 CaedIm minmanEcgGMBIkarFana nanasRmab;[erOgkþImYyyutþiFm’eT. CalT§pl eyIgsUmpþl;Gnusasn_dl;GaCJaFr ExμreGayEcgenAkñúg c,ab;RBh μTNÐrbs;xøÜnnUvral;bTdæanGnþrCatinana sRmab;Fana[erOgkþImYymanlkçN³yutþiFm’. TaMgenH KWminRKan;EtCakatBVkic©GnþrCatirbs;RbeTskm<úCaeT EtkareFVIEbbenHGnuBaØateGaykm<úCaGacrkSasmtßkic© rbs;xøÜnkñúgkarb®gáabbT]Rkidæ EdlmanEcgenAkñúglkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmEfmeTotpg. KWkñúgn½yenHehIy Edl júaMg[mankMENTMrg;nItiviFIRBh μTNÐ nigesckþIRBagRkmnana. EteTaHbICay:agNak¾eday k¾enAEtmanPaB xVHcenøaHelIbBaðasþIBIsiT§ikñúgkarkarBarxøÜntampøÚvtulakar karcUlxøÜnrbs;CnrgeRKaHenAkñúgerOgkþIRBh μTNÐ karpSBVpSaynUvkarBiPakSaedjedal nigsiT§ikñúgkarTTYl)an nUvkarBinitüsuxPaBenAkñúgGMLúgeBlénXat; xøÜn.

k> siT§ikñúgkarkarBarxøÜntampøÚvtulakar 1- vtþmanrbs;emFavIenAdMNak;ecaTsYrénkarcUlxøÜnelIkTImYy karcUlxøÜnelIkTImYy KWCadMNak;kald¾sMxan;enAkñúgnItiviFIRBh μTNÐ. tamBit vaCadMNak;kalEdl ecARkmesuIbsYreFVIkarecaTRbkan;BIBiruT§PaBelICnEdlCab;sgS½y nigerobcMeFVIkarecaTsYr edIm,ICMruj[ mankareFVIesckþIRbkasepSg²pg nigTTYlykcemøIyepSg²pg. enAkñúgdMNak;kalénkarecaTsYrenH vtþ manrbs;emFavImñak; b¤ GñkRbwkSamñak;GmCnCab;BiruT§ KWCaeKalkarN_ ¬maRta 14 X> énktikasBaØaGnþr CatisþIBIsiT§iRbCaBlrdæ nigneya)ay BiesscMNuc 93 sþIBIbNþúMénviFanGb,rmacMeBaHRbRBwtþkm μelICnCab; XuMrbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCati nigeKalkarN_TI 17 énbNþúMeKalkarN_sMrab;karBarCnTaMgLay EdlsßitenA eRkamkarXuMxøÜn b¤ kardak;kñúgBn§naKar¦ elIkElgEtmankarbdiesF y:agc,as;las;rbs;CnCab;BiruT§. maRta 12 kfax½NÐ 2 énbT bBaØtþism½yGnþrkal)anEcgeKalkarN_enHpgEdr. 91> edaysarmUlehtuénkarbkRsay edayK μanmUldæanc,as;las; cMeBaHmaRta 158 énrdæFm μnuBaØ ³ sUmemIlEpñkTI2 CMBUkTI1.


148

m:üagvijeTot maRta 55 kfax½NÐ 2 vaküx½NÐ K> nig X> én lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um )anEcgfa enAeBl EdlCnmñak;RtUv)ansgS½yfa)anRbRBwtþbT]RkidæNamYyEdlsßitenAeRkamsmtßkic©rbs;tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati ehIyfa CnenHGacRtUv)anecaTsYredayGaCJaFrCati tamBaküsuMEdleFVIeLIgtamCMBUkTI IX én lkçnþik³ CnenHRtUvEtTTYl)annUvkarCUndMNwg munkarecaTsYrGMBIsiT§irbs;xøÜnkñúgkar{TTYl)annUv CMnYyBIGñk karBar tamkareRCIserIsrbs;xøÜn b¤ tamkarcat;taMg RbsinebIKμankareRCIserIseT ¬>>>¦ edayK μankarbg; R)ak;eT RbsinebICnenHK μanmeFüa)ay} nig {RtUv)anecaTsYr edaymanvtþmanemFavIrbs;xøÜn elIkElgEt CnenH)aneFVIkarbdiesF edaysμ ½RKcitþnUvsiT§irbs;xøÜnkñúgkarTTYl)annUvCMnYyBIGñkRbwkSamñak;}. vtþmanrbs; emFavI b¤ GñkRbwkSamñak;GnuBaØat müa:geGayCnEdlenAeRkamkarXøaMemIlrYcputBI karbgçitbgçMTaMgLay EdlGaceFVIeLIgedayecARkmesuIbsYr nig müa:geToteGay ecARkmesuIbsYrxøÜnÉg rYcputBIbNþwgnana Edl GactMkl;edayCnEdlsßitenAeRkamkarXøaMemIl. eTaHbIy:agenHk¾eday k¾esckþI RBagRkmCaGaT×maRta km 412-3 vaküx½NÐ 2 enAEtmankarxVHcenøaHdUcmaRta 77 énc,ab;sþIBI nItiviFIRBhμTNÐ cuHéf¶TI 8 kumÖ³ 1993. bBaØtþiTaMgenHsuT§EtGnuBaØat[ecARkmesuIbsYr GaceFVIkarerobcMecaTsYrCn EdlsßitenAeRkamkar XøaMemIl edayKμanvtþmanemFavI b¤ GñkRbwkSarbs;eK RbsinebIeRkayBI)anekaHehAedayRtwmRtUv eKmin)an bgðajxøÜnenAéf¶ecaTsYr. GvtþmanemFavIEdlRtUv)anekaHehACamun nig y:agRtwmRtUv eGaycUlrYmkñúgkarecaTsYr minEmnCa ehtuplsRmab;erobcMeFVIkarecaTsYredayK μanemFavI b¤ GñkRbwkSamñak;EdlcaM)ac;sRmab;CYydl;CnCab; BiruT§ Edlmin)anbdiesFeGay)anc,as;las;nUvsiT§ikñúgkarTTYl)anCMnYyenaHeT. sUm,IEtenAkñúgkrNI bnÞan; EdlbNþalmkBIeRKaHfñak;dl;CIvitrbs;sakSINamñak; b¤BImhnþray )at;bg;tMruyk¾edayvtþmanrbs;emFavI enAEtCaeKalkarN_caM)ac;dEdl. fVId,itEtenAkñúgkrNIenH ry³eBlEdl)ankMNt;sMrab;eFVIkarekaHehACn enHenAkñúgnItiviFIFm μta¬R)aMéf¶¦minRtUv)aneKeKarB k¾CnenHRtUvEt)aneKekaHehAenAdMNak;kalecaTsYrEdr.

eGhV GuI ed Gas pþl;Gnusasn_ ³ dl;GaCJaFrEx μreGayeFVIkarGnum½tkartak;EtgbEnßmnUvbBaØtþimYyeTotenaHKW maRta km 412-3 én esckþIRBagRkmnItviFIiRBh μTNÐ EdlnwgmanEcgdUcteTA ³{maRta km 412-3³ ¬vtþmanrbs;emFavIenA dMNak;kalecaTsYr¦ CnCab;BiruT§GacRtUv)anecaTsYrEtkalNa manvtþmanrbs;emFavIb:ueNÑaH RbsinebIeK


149

mineFVIkarbdiesFeGay)anc,as;enaHeT. KarbdiesF enHRtUvmancuHenAkñúgkMNt;ehtumYy epSgBIkMNt; ehtuecaTsYr nigRtUvcuHhtßelxaedayCnCab;BiruT§.

enAeBlEdlCnCab;BiruT§RtUv)anCYyedayemFavImñak; ecARkmesuIbsYrRtUveFVIkarekaHehAemFavI y:ag ehacNas;enAkñúgry³eBlR)aMéf¶munkarecaTsYrTaMgGs;. enAkñúgGMLúgeBlenH emFavI GaccUlemIl sMNuMÉksar énnItiviFI. edayminKitBIbTbBaØtþiEdlmanEcg enAkñúgvaküx½NðxagelI ecARkmesuIbsYr GacerobcM karecaTsYrmYyPøam² enAkñúgkrNIbnÞan;. karbnÞan;enHRtUvbNþalmkBIeRKaHfñak;dl;GayuCIvit rbs;sakSINamñak; b¤ BImhnþrayénkar )at;bg;tMruynana. RbePTénkarbnÞan;enaHRtUvmankt;RtaTukenAkñúg kMNt;ehtu.

RbsinebIemFavIEdlRtUv)anekaHehAedayRtwmRtUv min)anbgðajxøÜnenAéf¶ nig em:ageBlEdl)an kMNt;eT CnCab;BiruT§ RtUvEt)aneKR)ab;BIsiT§irbs;xøÜn kñúgkaresñIsuMeGaymankarcat;taMgemFavImñak; eGay xøÜn tamlkçxNÐ Edl)anEcgedayc,ab;sþIBIlkçnþik³emFavI edIm,ICYyxøÜn enAkñúgGMLúgeBlénkarcUlxøÜn elIkTImYy}. eyIgsUmpþl;Gnusasn_dl;GaCJaFrEx μreGaypþac;ecjnUvvaküx½NðcugeRkayrbs; maRta km 412-3 dUcEdlva manEcgenAkñúgesckþIRBagRkm edIm,IeGayvakøayCamaRtamYydac;eday ELkEtÉg EdlenAbnÞab;BImaRta km 412-3. tamBit maRta km 412-3 EcgBIvtþmanrbs;emFavI enAdMNak;kalecaTsYr ehtuenHeTIb eyIgminyl;eTfa etIehtuGVI)anCamaRtaenH EcgpgEdrGMBIbBaðaGñk bkERb. elIkElgEtkarbBa©ÚlkrNI enHenAkñúgmaRta km 412-3 bTbBaØtiTaMgGs;EdlEcgBICnenHenA kñúgesckþIRBagRkm suT§EtmanEcgenA kñúgmaRtadac;edayELk². dUcKñaenHEdr vahak;dUcCamanlkçN³ smRsbeTAnwgxøwmsarTUeTArbs;GtßbT kñúgkareRtombMrug bTbBaØtþisþIBICMnYyrbs;GñkbkERbkñúgGMLúgeBl énkarecaTsYr sMrab;maRtamYyedayELk. eyIgsUmesñI eFVIkarcuHelxmaRtaenHCa {km 412-3 sÞÜn} edIm,IkuMeGaymankarb:HBal;dl; karcuHelx rbs;esckþIRBagRkmEdlmanRsab;. maRtafμ I enHmanEcgdUct eTA ³ {maRta km 412-3 sÞÜn ¬CMnYyrbs;GñkbkERb¦ enAeBlecaTsYr dUcEdlmanEcgkñúg maRta km 412-2 ¬sþIBICMnYyrbs;GñkbkERb¦ ecARkmesuIbsYr RtUvGMBavnavrkGñkbkERbmñak; enAkñúgkrNIcaM)ac;}.


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2- nItiviFIbdib,BaØtþiénkarcUlxøÜnPøam ³ karyl;RBmRtUveFVIeLIgedaymanvtþmanrbs;emFavI nItiviFIénkarcUlbgðajxøÜnPøam CanItivIFImYyrh½s nigBiessEdlvamanlkçN³ bdib,BaØtþieTAnwg nItiviFIrbs;nItirYm eBalKW erOgkþIGacCMnuMCMrHenAéf¶CamYyKñanwgkarcab;xøÜn. dUecñH vamansarsMxan;Nas;kñúg karFanafa siT§ikñúgkarkarBarxøÜntampøÚvtulakarRtUv)aneKarB. edIm,IkarBartulüPaB énsiT§ikñúgkarBarxøÜn tampøÚvtulakar enAkñúgnItiviFIBiessenH Gñktak;Etgc,ab;RtUvpþl;eGay CnCab;ecaT nUvlT§PaBmYycMnYn dUcCalT§PaBkñúgkarsuMeGayTukry³eBlmYyEdlcaM)ac;sMrab;erobcMkarBarxøÜn eday GnuelamtambTdæan GnþrCati sþIBIkarFanaEdlcaM)ac;sRmab;[manyutþiFm’ ¬maRta 14 kfax½NÐ 3 x> énktikasBaØa GnþrCatisþIBIsiT§iRbCaBlrdæ nig siT§ineya)ay¦. c,ab;nanaCaFrman minmanEcgGMBIlT§PaBenHeT ¬maRta 64 énc,ab;cuHéf¶TI 8 kumÖ³ 1993 sþIBInItiviFI RBhμTNÐ¦. bTbBaØtþiEdlTak;TgnwgkarcUlbgðajxøÜnPøam minmanlkçN³RKb;RKan;KYreGayeBjcitþenaHeT edaysarEtc,ab;cuHéf¶TI 8 kumÖ³ 1993 EcgBInItiviFIenHkñúg lkçN³TUlayeBk. eRkABIGvtþmanénsiT§irbs;CnCab;ecaTkñúgkaresñIsuMry³eBlbEnßmedIm,IerobcMkar karBarxøÜn ehIyEdnGnuvtþrbs;vak¾minRtUv)aneKkMNt;Edr. ehIykarXuMxøÜnbeNþaHGasnñedIm,Irg;caMkarCMnuM CRmHelIGgÁesckþIeTotesat k¾GacBnüarhUtdl; 4 Ex ¬maRta 63 dl; 66¦. müa:gvijeTot GtßbTén esckþIRBagRkmnItiviFIRBhμTNÐ tamry³maRta km 214-13 nig km 512-4 )anBaMnaMnUvkarFanaCaeRcIn enAkñúgvis½yenH. viFansþIBIkarcUlbgðajxøÚnPøamRtUv)anerobrab;y:aglMGit RBmCamYy nigvtþmanénsiT§ikñúg karkarBarxøÜntampøÚvc,ab;. karCMnuMCMrHelIGgÁesckþI RtUveFVIenAkñúgry³eBlmYy EdlmineGayelIsBI 2 s)þah_ Kitcab;BIkarbgðajxøÜnrbs;CnCab;BiruT§ enAcMeBaHmuxtulakar. ehIykarXuMxøÜn beNþaHGasnñ RtUvEt bBaÄb;Cadac;xat enAéf¶putkMNt;rbs;ry³eBlenH. bTbBaØtþiTaMgenaHk¾manEcgy:agc,as;las;pgEdr GMBI lT§PaBrbs;CnCab;ecaTkñúgkaresñIsuM ry³eBlmYyEdlcaM)ac;sMrab;erobcMkarkarBarxøÜn. vaCakarBit Edl fa esckþIRBagRkm)anEcgedaysegçbfa ³ karCMnuMCMrHGaceFVI)anenAéf¶cUlbgðajxøÚnPøam EtkñúgkrNIEdlCn Cab;ecaTmin)anesñIsuMry³eBl sMrab;erobcMkarkarBarxøÜnb:ueNÑaH. EteTaHbICay:agNa k¾esckþIRBagenHmin )anEcgeGay)anc,as;BIeKalkarN_ Edlfa karCMnuMCRmHenHGac eFVIeTA)anluHNaEtmankaryl;RBmBICn Cab;ecaTenaHeT. dUecñH eGhV GuI ed Gas sUmpþl;Gnusasn_ eGayEcgeKalkarN_enHeGay)anc,as;enA kñúgmaRta km 214-13 nig km 512-4 énesckþIRBagRkm. m:üagvijeTot GnuelamtambTdæanGnþrCatiEdlFanaeGaymanyutþiFm’ karyl;RBmenHGaceFVI eLIg EtkñúgkrNI Edlmanvtþmanrbs;emFavIrbs;CnCab;ecaTb:ueNÑaH edIm,IeKarBeGay)aneBjeljnUv siT§ikñúgkarkarBarxøÜn. esckþIRBagRkmenAkñúg kartak;EtgnaeBlbc©úb,nñenH minmanEcgBIlkçxNÐd¾sMxan;


151

enHeT. kñúgn½yenH eGhV GuI ed Gas sUmpþl;Gnusasn_dl;GaCJaFrEx μreGaybEnßmlkçxNÐenH eTAkñúg RkmnItiviFIRBhμTNÐnaeBlGnaKt. eRkABIlkçN³Biess nig bdib,BaØtþieTAnwgnItiviFIénnItirYm nItiviFIEbbenHCaeKalkarN_ CanItiviFI Edl bMrugTuksMrab;EtbTel μ IsTaMgLayEdlBMusUvF¶n;F¶r ehIyEdlPsþútagGacrk)anedayRsYl. fVIt,itEt esckþIRBagRkmyklMnaMtamRkmnItiviFIRBh μTNÐrbs;)araMgk¾eday k¾eyIgKYrkt;sMKal;pgEdrfa pÞúyBI nItiviFIénkarcUlbgðajxøÜnPøamrbs;)araMg maRta km 214-12 énesckþIRBagRkm )ankRmity:agtwgEtg Cag nUvEdnGnuvtþrbs;nItiviFI énkarcUlbgðajxøÜnPøam edayGnuBaØat[eRbI)ancMeBaHEt bTmCÄwm Cak;Esþg EdlGacpþnÞaeTasdak;Bn§naKarBI mYyqñaMdl;R)aMqñaMb:ueNÑaH. karenHCacMNucviC¢manmYyrbs;esckþIRBagenH.

eGhV GuI ed Gas pþl;Gnusasn_ ³ dl;GaCJaFrEx μr edayeyageTAtamGVI²EdlmanEcgBImun eGayeFVIkarEkERbkarsMeNrrbs; maRta km 214-13 nig km 512-4 énesckþIRBagRkmnItiviFIRBh μTNÐ edayGnum½tykkartak;EtgdUcteTA ³ {maRta km 214-13 nig km 512-4 ¬nItiviFIénkarcUlbgðajxøÜnPøam¦

enAeBlEdleKsMerceRbInItiviFIénkarcUlbgðajxøÜnPøam RBHraCGaCJaRtUv ³ -RtYtBinitüGtþsBaØaNrbs;CnEdlbþwgmkxøÜn. -CUndMNwgdl;CnCab;ecaT nUvGgÁehtu Edl)anecaT nigkarsnñidæanKtiyutþi. -TTYlesckþIRbkasnanarbs;CnCab;ecaT RbsinebICnenHcg;eFVI. -eFVIkMNt;ehtuénkarcUlbgðajxøÜnPøam. RBHraCGaCJa RtUvCUndMNwgCnCab;ecaTfa eKmansiT§iTTYl)anCMnYyemFavImñak; tamkareRCIserIsrbs;

xøÜn b¤ tamkarcat;taMg GnuelamtambBaØtþiénmaRta 30 énc,ab;sþIBIlkçnþik³emFavI. emFavIEdl)aneRCIserIs b¤ cat;taMg RtUvEt)anCUndMNwgCabnÞan;. eKGaccUlemIlsMNuMerOg nigTak;

TgCamYyCnCab;ecaTedaysm¶at;)an. nieTÞsénEbbbTTaMgenH RtUvcuHenAkñúgkMNt;ehtu ebImindUecñaHeTnwgnaM[manemaXPaBnItiviFI. tulakarfñak;dMbUg RtUv)anbþwgtamry³kMNt;ehtuénkarcUlbgðajxøÜnPøam. CnCab;ecaT RtUv)anXat;xøÜnedaymanGñkGmrhUtdl;mankarbgðajxøÜnenAcMeBaHmuxtulakar EdlRtUv

RbRBwtþeTAenAkñúgéf¶EtmYy.


152

eRkayBI)aneFVIkarBinitüGtþsBaØaNrbs;CnCab;ecaT nig karelIkbgðajGgÁehtuEdl)anecaTRbkan; tulakarRtUvbBa¢ak;R)ab;CnenHfa xøÜnnigRtUvCMnuMCMrHenAkñúgéf¶EtmYy EtkñúgkrNIEdlxøÜnpþl;karyl;RBm b:ueNÑaH. tulakarRtUvbBa¢ak;R)ab;CnenHpgEdrfa eKGacmanry³eBlmYy edIm,IerobcMkarBarxøÜn.

karyl;RBmrbs;CnCab;ecaTEdlEcg enAkñúgvaküx½NÐxagelI nwgGacykCakar)an luHRtaEtman vtþman emFavIrbs;eK b¤ luHRtaEtmanemFavIEdl)ancat;taMgtamlkçxNÐEdl )anEcgedayc,ab;sþIBI lkçnþik³emFavI RbsinebIemFavIeRCIserIsenaHminmanvtþman. RbsinebICnCab;ecaTyl;RbmeGayman karCMnuMCRmH tamevnEdl)anelIkeLIg karyl;RBmenH RtUvkt;RtaTukenAkñúgkMNt;ehtusvnakar.

RbsinebICnCab;ecaT esñIsuMry³eBlmYy edIm,IerobcMkarBarxøÜn b¤ RbsinebItulakar snñidæanfa erOgkþI minsßit enAkñúgsßanPaBénkarCMnuMCMrHPøameT erOgkþIenHRtUvelIkeTAsvnakarelIkeRkay. enAkñúgkrNIenH tulakarGaceFVIkarXuMxøÜnCnCab;ecaTbeNþaHGasnñ tamesckþIsMercEdlmansMGagehtu. enAkñúgesckþI sMercrbs;xøÜn tulakarRtUveyageTAelIlkçxNÐTaMgLayrbs;maRta km 413-21 ¬mUlehtuénkar XuMxøÜnbeNþaHGasnñ¦. tulakarRtUvecjdIkaeGayXuMxøÜn.

karCMnuMCMrHelIGgÁesckþI RtUvEteFVIeLIgenAkñúgry³eBlmYyEdlminGacelIsBI 2 s)þah_ edayKit cab;BIeBl bgðajxøÜnenAtulakar. karXuMxøÜnRtUvbBa©b;edaysV½yRbvtþienAeBlputkMNt;;ry³eBl 2 s)þah_enH.

RbsinebItulakarEdl)anbþwgtamnItiviFIénkarcUlbgðajxøÜnPøam snñidæanfa lkçxNÐTaMgLayEdlman Ecgkñúg maRta km 214-12 ¬karcUl bgðajxøÜnPøam¦min)aneKarB b¤faPaBsaMjúaMrbs;erOgkþI TamTar eGaymankaresuIbGegáteGaysuICMerAbEnßm tulakarRtUvbBa¢ÚnsMNuMerOgenHeTARBHraCGaCJavij edIm,IeGay ebIkkaresuIbGegát. CnCab;ecaT RtUvmanvtþmankñúgéf¶dEdl enAcMeBaHmuxecARkmesuIbsYr ebImindUecñaHeT CnCab;ecaTRtUvEt)anedaHElgeGaymanesrIPaBedaysV½yRbvtþi}.

x> karcUlrYmrbs;CnrgeRKaH enAkñúgerOgkþIRBhμTNÐ kñúgsμartIényutþiFm’ lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um)anpþl;dl;CnrgeRKaH nUvzan³mYyy:agsMxan;enAkñúgkic©dMeNIr karénnItiviFI. rdæGaCJarbs;tulakarRBh μTNÐGnþrCati ¬{rdæGaCJa}¦ GacTTYlB½t’manBICnrgeRKaH. bnÞab;mk eTot edaykarepþImKMnitrbs;xøÜn rdæGaCJaGacebIkkarGegát RbsinebIxøÜnyl;eXIjfa B½t’manTaMgGs;enH


153

manlkçN³RtwmRtUv nig manmUldæanRKb;RKan; ¬maRta 15 énlkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um¦. pÞúyeTAvij RbsinebI eKsnñidæanfaB½t’manTaMgLay Edl)anTTYlBICnrgeRKaH minmanmUldæan RKb;RKan;sMrab;ebIk karesuIbGegát eT enaHeKRtUvCUndMNwgCnrgeRKaH ¬maRta 15 kfax½NÐ 6¦. dUecñH CnrgeRKaHGacbBa¢Ún karGMNHGMNag rbs;xøÜndl;GgÁbuerCMnMuCRmHéntulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati (la Chambre préliminaire de la Cour) edIm,I tv:aBIesckþIsMercrbs;rdæGaCJa cMeBaH karxkxanmin)aneFVIkaresuIbGegát ¬maRta 15 kfax½NÐ 3 vaküx½NÐ cugeRkay¦. enARKb;krNITaMgGs; edayrab;bBa©ÚlTaMgenA eBlEdlkaresuIbGegát RtUv)anebIk bnÞab;BI mankarbþwgtulakar edayrdæNamYy b¤ edayRkumRbwkSasnþisux CnrgeRKaH TaMgLaymansiT§icUlrYmenAkñúg nItiviFInana enAcMeBaHmuxtulakar enAeBlEdl {plRbeyaCn_pÞal;xøÜnrbs;BYkeKmankarBak;B½n§} edayeyag eTAtam maRta 68 kfax½NÐ 3 énlkçnþik³ edayrab;bBa©ÚlTaMg dMNak;kalesuIbGegát dUcEdlsPaCan; dMbUgTI I )anelIkeLIg 92. enAkñúgkariyal½yRkLabBa¢I EpñkcUlrYmrbs;CnrgeRKaH nigkarCYsCulkarxUcxat sMedACYysMrYl karGnuvtþsiT§i edayCnrgeRKaH. CnrgeRKaHnwgcUlrYmtamry³GñktMNagtampøÚvc,ab; Edlkariyal½y RkLabBa¢IGacpþl;CUn)an. kariyal½yRkumRbwkSasaFarN³sMrab;CnrgeRKaH EdlCaGgÁkarmYymanÉkraCü BItulakar nwgTTYlbnÞúkRTRTg;GñktMNagTaMgenHedayrab;bBa©ÚlTaMgkrNIBiess énkartMNagCnrgeRKaH edaypÞal;pgEdr. enAkñúgkariyal½yRkLabBa¢Irbs;tulakar manGgÁPaBCYyCnrgeRKaH nigsakSI EdlTTYlbnÞúkCYy kñúglkçN³smRsb dl;CnrgeRKaHTaMgLayNa EdlbgðajxøÜnenAcMeBaHmuxtulakar nigRKYsarrbs; BYkeK ehIyeRKagerobcMviFankarnanaedIm,IFanakarkarBar nigsnþisuxrbs;BYkeK ¬maRta 43 kfax½NÐ 6¦. kar karBar nigkarcUlrYmenAkñúgerOgkþIrbs;CnrgeRKaH manEcgy:agc,as;enAkñúgmaRta 68 én lkçnþik³ nigmaRta 89 dl; 93 énviFansþIBInItiviFI nigPsþútag. cMeBaHsPaCan;dMbUg eKGacesñIsuM {kñúgplRbeyaCn_x<s;rbs;CnrgeRKaH} eGaymankic©shRbti btþikar rvagrdæ nigrdæ eTaHbICamunkarCMnuMCMrHelIGgÁesckþIk¾eday edIm,IeGayrdæTaMgenHcat;viFankarEfrkSa kñúgeKalbMNgeFVIkardkhUt ¬maRta 57 kfax½NÐ 3 g>¦. enHmann½yfa lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um )anpþl; zan³mYydl;CnrgeRKaH.

92

http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/cases/ICC-01-04-101_French.pdf


154

tamRbvtþisa®sþCnrgeRKaHCanic©kalEtgEtmantYnaTIsMxan; enAkñúgkarb®gáabbTel μIs Rbl½yBUC sasn_ ]Rkidækm μRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati b¤ ]Rkidækmμs®gÁam. CnrgeRKaHCaFatupSM d¾sMxan;mYy EdlminGac RbEkk)anenA kñúgkarerobrab;GgÁehtueLIgvij nig karCMnuMCRmH]RkidæCneGaymankarTTYlxusRtUv. dUecñH enAkñúgvis½ybTdæanGnþrCatiénkarFanaerOgkþImYy[manPaByutþiFm’ siT§irbs;CnrgeRKaH kñúgkarcUlrYmenA kñúgerOgkþIRBhμTNÐ pþl;sarsMxan;CaeRcInenAkñúgRkbx½NÐénkarb®gáabbT]Rkidæ Edlsßit enAeRkamsmtßkic©rbs;tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati BIeRBaHbT]RkidæTaMgenHb:HBal;dl;shKmn_GnþrCatiTaMg mUl. dUecñH karcUlrYmrbs;CnrgeRKaHBIbT]RkidæTaMgenHenAkñúgerOgkþI KWCabBaðad¾sarvnþ½ ehIynaM eGaymankarFanaCamUldæanmYykñúgcMeNam arFanananaénerOgkþIyutþiFm’.

1- karcab;epþImeFVI nigkardak;eGaymankic©dMeNIrkarénbNþwgGaCJa CaTUeTA siT§iénkarcUlrYmkñúgtulakar KWCaEpñkmYyénkarFanaeGaymanerOgkþIyutþiFm’ Edl)anTTYl sÁal;edaynItiGnþrCati ¬maRta 14 kfax½NÐ 1 énktikasBaØaGnþrCati sþIBIsiT§iRbCaBlrdæ nigsiT§i neya)ay¦. dUecñH CnrgeRKaHBIbTelμ IsRBhμTNÐ RtUvEtmansiT§iGMNaceGaytulakarsþab;BIplvi)akrbs; xøÜn. c,ab;sþIBInItiviFIRBh μTNÐcuHéf¶TI 8 kumÖ³ 1993 EdlenAmanCaFrman naeBlbc©úb,nñenH GnuBaØat eGaytaMgxøÜnCa edImbNþwgrdæb,evNI)an Ettamry³karcUleFVIGnþraKmn_b:ueNÑaH. ebIniyay m:üageTot CnrgeRKaHmanlT§PaBtaMgxøÜnCaedImbNþwgrdæb,evNI)an EtenAeBlNa EdlbNþwgGaCJaRtUv)aneFVIeLIgCa mun edayRBHraCGaCJa ehIyminTan;mankarsMercesckþIenAeLIy ¬maRta 131¦. c,ab;cuH éf¶TI 8 kumÖ³ 1993 sþIBIkarcat;taMgtulakar )anEcgfa PaKIEdlrgeRKaH edaybTel μ IseyaFa GacTTYlykpl RbeyaCn_ BImeFüa)ayKtiyutþienH)anpgEdr ¬maRta 9 kfax½NÐ 4¦. esckþIRBagRkmnItiviFIRBhμTNÐ)an EcgelIsBIenH. vaGnuBaØateGaymankartaMgxøÜnCaedImbNþwg rdæb,evNI tampøÚvbNþwg ¬maRta km 121-3¦. dUecñH CnrgeRKaHGacGacdak;eGaymankic© dMeNIkarénbNþwgGaCJa edaytaMgxøÜn CaedImbNþwgrdæb, evNI eTaHbICabNþwgGaCJaminTan;)aneFVIeLIgedayRBHraCGaCJak¾eday. enHCasmiT§iplsMxan;f μImYyrbs; esckþIRBagRkmcMeBaHbBaðaénkarcUlrYmrbs;Cnrg eRKaHeTAkñúgerOgkþIRBh μTNÐ. b:uEnþ esckþIRBagRkmenH min)anEcgCabzm ehIyc,as;² GMBIeKalkarN_énkardak;eGaymankic©dMeNIrkar rbs;bNþwgGaCJaRbePT enHeT.


155

eGhV GuI ed Gas pþl;Gnusasn_ ³

eGaybBa©ÚleTAkñúgesckþIRBagRkmnItiviFIRBh μTNÐ nUvmaRta km 111-2 EdlEcgBIeKalkarN_f μ I énkar dak;eGaymankic©dMeNIrkarbNþwgGaCJaedayPaKIrgeRKaH enAkñúgmatika 1 énKnßITI 1 sþIBIeKalkarN_ TUeTA. maRtaenH EcgdUcteTA ³ {maRta km 111-2 ¬ karcab;epþImeFVI nig kardak;eGaymankic© dMeNIrkarénbNþwgGaCJa¦bNþwgGaCJa RtUvdak;eGaymankic©dMeNIrkar nigGnuvtþedaytMNagGyükar. bNþwgenH Gacdak;eGaymandMeNIrkarpgEdr edayPaKIrgeRKaH tamlkçxNÐEdl)ankMNt;edayRkm enH}.

2- karnaMxøÜn[cYlCMrHpÞal;

esckþIRBagRkmmin)anEcgeGay)anc,as;BIbuKÁl b¤ GaCJaFrEdlGaceFVI karnaMxøÜn[cYlCMrHpÞal; enaHeT ¬maRta km 711-1 nigbnþbnÞab;¦. b:uEnþ qøgtamry³GMNanbTbBaØtþinanasþIBIbBaðaenH eyIgGac niyay)anfa manEtRBHraCGaCJamñak;;Kt;EdlmanlT§PaBeFVI karnaMxøÜn[cYlCMrHpÞal;. dUecñH eyIgsUmpþl;Gnusasn_ dl;GaCJaFrExμreGayEcgeGay)anc,as; enAkñúgesckþIRBagRkm nIti viFIRBh μTNÐ naeBlGnaKtfa karnaMxøÜn[cYlCMrHpÞal;RtUveFVIeLIgedaykarepþImKMnitrbs;RBHraCGaCJa. m:üagvijeTot tamry³GMNanbTbBaØtþidEdlrbs;esckþIRBagRkmsþIBIkarnaMxøÜn[cUlCRmHpÞal;enH eyIg eXIjfa xusBIkardak;eGaymankic©dMeNIrkarénbNþwgGaCJa karnaMxøÜn[cYlCMrHpÞal; enHmin)anebIkcMeBaH CnrgeRKaHeT. karenHnaMeGaymankar kat;bnßysiT§iTTYl)anyutþiFm’rbs;xøÜn EdlvaCakarFanamYykñúg cMeNamkarFanananaEdlcaM)ac;sRmab;erOgkþImYyyutþiFm’EdleyIg)anelIkeLIgBIxagedIm. kñúgn½yenH eyIgKYrEtGnuBaØateGay CnrgeRKaHGaceRbInItiviFIenHpgEdr. b:uEnþ bTbBaØtþiEdlTak;TgnwgGaCJasalaminTan;manenAeLIyeT naeBlbc©úb,nñenH. dUecñH ehIy vahak;dUcCaman karlM)akkñúgkarGnuvtþCak;Esþg EdlGnuBaØatieGayCnrgeRKaHmansiT§ienH.

CalT§pl eGhV GuI ed Gas sUmpþl;Gnusasn_dl;GaCJaFrEx μr eGayEcgeGay)anc,as; BIlT§PaBrbs;CnrgeRKaHkñúgkarnaMxøÜn[cYlCMrHpÞal;enAeBlNaEdlbTbBaØtþisþIBIGaCJasalaRtUv)anbegáIteLIg.


156

3> siT§irbs;smaKmn_epSg² kñúgkareFVIbNþwg RbqaMgnwgbTel μIsRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]Rkidækm μRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati nig]Rkidækmμs®gÁam kñúgnamCaedImbNþwgrdæb,evNI

esckþIRBagRkmnItiviFIRBh μTNÐ mankarrIkcMerIny:agxøaMg ebIeRbobeFobeTAnwgnItiviC¢mannaeBl bc©úb,nñ edayTTYlsÁal;smaKmn_ Edlkm μvtßúénlkçnþik³rbs;xøÜnmankarRbyuT§RbqaMgnwgGMeBIhwgSaxagpøÚv ePT b¤ GMeBIhwgSakñúgRKYsar RbqaMgnwgkarcab;BRgt; karCYjdUr nigkareFVIGaCIvkm μmnusSCati b¤ RbqaMgnwg BUCsasn_niym nig karerIseGIg BUCsasn_ CatiBn§ nigsasna eGaymanlT§PaB GnuvtþsiT§i Edl)anTTYl sÁal;cMeBaHedImbNþwgrdæb,evNI ¬maRta km 131-5/ km 131-6 nig km 131-7¦. enAkñúgRkbx½NÐ énkardak;esckþIRBagRkm eGaymanlkçN³suIsgVak;Kña CamYynwgkatBVkic©rbs; lkçnþik³TIRkugr:Um lT§PaBenHKYrEt)anpþl;eGay pgEdr dl;smaKmn_Edlkm μvtßúénlkçnþik³rbs;xøÜn manEcg dUcCakarRbyuT§RbqaMg nwgbTel μ IsRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]Rkidækm μRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati b¤]Rkidækm μs®gÁam.

eGhV GuI ed Gas pþl;Gnusasn_ ³ dl;GaCJaFrEx μr eFVIkarGnum½tnUvmaRta km 131-8 fμ I enAkñúgesckþIRBagRkmnItiviFIRBhμTNÐ Edlman Ecg dUcteTA ³{maRta km 131-8 ¬smaKmn_EdlRbyuT§RbqaMgnwgbTlμ Is Rbl½yBUCsasn_ ]Rkidækmμ RbqaMgnwgmnusSCati nig]Rkidækm μs®gÁam¦ smaKmn_TaMgLayEdl)anRbkas y:agRtwmRtUvcMnYn 3 qñaM y:agehacNas;cab;taMgBIéf¶ EdlbTelμ Is)anRbRBwtþ ehIyEdlkmμvtßúénlkçnþik³rbs;xøÜnmanEcgnUvkar RbyuT§RbqaMgnwgbTelμ IsRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]RkidækmμRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati b¤]Rkidækmμs®gÁam GacGnuvtþsiT§i TaMgLayEdl)anTTYlsÁal;dl;edIm bNþwgrdæb,evNI cMeBaHkarEdlBak;B½n§nwgbTelμ IsEdl)anEcgeday maRta km 2111-1/ km 2121-1 nig km 2131-1 énRkmRBh μTNÐ}. CalT§plénkarbEnßmmaRta km 131-8 fμ I maRtaEdlBImun)ancuHelx km 131-8 dl; km 131-14 énesckþIRBagRkm nwgRtUvcuHelxfμ ICa km 131-9 dl; km 131-15.

K> saFarN³PaBénkarBiPakSaedjedal saFarN³PaBénkarBiPakSaedjedal KWCakarFanamYyEbbedIm,IeGayerOgkþImYymanPaByutþiFm’ EdlTTYlsÁal; edaynItiGnþrCati. b:uEnþ edIm,ICaRbeyaCn_dl;TMenomTMlab;RbéBNIl¥ sNþab;Fñab;


157

saFarN³ b¤snþisuxCati b¤kareKarBRbeyaCn_énCIvitÉkCnrbs;PaKI b¤ RbeyaCn_ényutþiFm’ karCMnuMCRmH CaGsaFarN³GaceFVIeLIg)an ¬maRta 14 kfax½NÐ 1 én ktikasBaØaGnþrCatisþIBIsiT§iRbCaBlrdæ nig siT§ineya)ay¦. dUecñH PaKIénerOgkþIGac esñIsuMeGaymankarCMnuMCMrHCaGsaFarN³)an. lT§PaBrbs;Cn rgeRKaHenH CakarFanamYykñúgcMeNamkarFananana EdlcaM)ac;sRmab;[erOgkþImYymanyutþiFm’. enH eday sarEteKalkarN_enHGnuBaØat[CnrgeRKaHenH)ancUlrYmkñúgerOgkþIRBhμTNÐ RbkbedaykareKarBCIvit ÉkCn nigesckþIéføfñÚrrbs;mnusSCati. maRta 129 énc,ab;cuHéf¶TI 8 kumÖ³ 1993 sþIBInItiviFIRBh μTNÐ )anEcgfa {RbsinebItamlkçN³saFarN³ karBiPakSaedjedalGacman lkçN³eRKaHfñak;dl;sNþab;Fñab; saFarN³ nigsIlFm’l¥ karCMnuMCRmHCaGsFarN³ GacGnuBaØatGayman}. maRta 23 énbTbBaØtþi sm½yGnþrkalGnuBaØat pgEdr dl;edImbNþwgrdæb,evNIeFVIkaresñIsuMeGaymankarCMnuMCRmHCaGsaFarN³. EtbTbBaØtþiénnItiviC¢manenHmineXIjmanEcgenAkñúg esckþIRBagRkmnItiviFIRBh μTNÐeT. eyagtammaRta km 513-1 énesckþIRBagRkm manEttulakarb:ueNÑaHEdlGacGnuBaØateGaymankar CMnuMCRmHCaGsa FarN³ edIm,ICaplRbeyaCn_rbs;sNþab;Fñab;saFarN³ nigsIlFm’l¥. karkarBarplRbeyaCn_PaKI nig CivitÉkCnrbs;BYkeKmankarxVHcenøaH. vamin)anEcgBIlT§PaBrbs;edImbNþwgrdæb,evNI kñúgkaresñIsuM[man karCMnuMCMrHCaGsaFarN³eT. dUecñH esckþIRBag manPaBxVHcenøaHCagc,ab;CaFr man.

CalT§pl eGhV GuI ed Gas pþl;Gnusasn_ ³

dl;GaCJaFrEx μr eGayeFVIkarEkERbmaRta km 513-1 énesckþIRBagRkmnItiviFIRBhμTNÐ edayeFVI karGnum½t elIkartak;EtgdUcxageRkam ³{maRta km 513-1 ¬saFarNPaBénkarBiPakSaedjedal nigkarCMnuMCMrHCaGsaFrN³¦karBiPakSaedjedal RtUveFVIeLIgCasaFarN³ elIkElgEt vabgáreRKaHfñak; dl;sNþab;Fñab;saFarN³ b¤sIlFm’l¥. kñúgkrNIcugeRkayenH tulakarRtUvRbkasebIkkarBiPakSaCa GsaFarN³ tamesckþIsMercEdleFVIeLIg enAkñúgsvnakarCasaFarN³. ecARkmGaceFVIkarhamXat; GnItiCnTaMgGs; b¤ GnItiCnmYycMnYnmin[cUlrYmenAkñúgsalsvnakar)an. enAeBlEdlkarecaTRbkan; RtUv)aneFVIeLIgBIbTrMelaPesBsnßv³ b¤ TaruNkmμ nig GMeBIéRBépS edaymanrYm CamYynUvkarrMelaP bMBanxagpøÚvePT karCMnuMCMrHCaGsaFarN³RtUveFVIedaysV½yRbvtþi RbsinebICnrgeRKaHTaMgGs; CaedIm bNþwgrdæb,evNI b¤ CnrgeRKaHNamYyCaedImbNþwgrdæb,evNI)aneFVIkaresñIsuM. enAkñúgkrNIepSg²eTot


158

karCMnuMCMrHCaGsaFarN³GaceFVIeTAekIt EtkalNaCnrg eRKaHCaedImbNþwgrdæb,evNI b¤ CnrgeRKaH NamYy kñúgcMeNamCnrgeRKaHTaMgLayEdlCaedImbNþwgrdæb,evNImin)antv:a. tulakarRtUvsMerctam esckþIsMercEdlmansMGagehtu Edldac;edayELkBIesc kþIsMercelIGgÁesckþI. esckþIsMercelIGgÁ esckþI Canic©kalRtUvRbkasenAkñúgsvnakaCasaFarN³}.

X> siT§iTTYl)ankarBinitüsuxPaBenAGMLúgeBlénkarXat;xøÜn enARKb;krNITaMgGs; karEsVgrkFatupSMénbTel μ Is nigFatupSMénPsþútagenAGMLúgeBlénkar Xat;xøÜn minGacCaehtuplsRmab;GnuBaØat[manGMeBITaruNkmμ nigkardak;eTasepSg²eTot b¤ karRbRBwtþ kmμy:ageXareXA GmnusSFm’ b¤ )at;bg;tMélCamnusS ¬maRta 38 vaküx½NÐ 5 énrdæFmμnuBaØRBHraCa NacRkkm<úCa cuHéf¶TI 21 kBaØa 1993 maRta 12 kfax½NÐ 1 énbTbBaØtþism½yGnþrkal maRta 5 én esckþIRbkasCasklsþIBIsiT§imnusS maRta 7 énktikasBaØaGnþrCatisþIBIsiT§iRbCaBlrdæ nig siT§ineya)ay maRta 15 én GnuusBaØaRbqaMgnwg GMeBITaruNkm μ nigkardak;eTasepSg²eTot b¤ RbRBwtþkm μ y:ageXareXA GmnusSFm’ b¤)at;bg;tMélCamnusS cuHéf¶TI 10 FñÚ 1984 eKalkarN_TI 21 rbs;bNþúMéneKalkarN_ edIm,I karBarRKb;buKÁlTaMgGs; EdlsßitenA eRkamkarXuMxøÜn b¤kardak;Bn§naKarRKb;RbePT¦. lkçnþik³TIRkugr:UmenAkñúgmaRta 55 )anEcgm:üageTotfa enAeBlEdlCnmñak;RtUv)ansgS½yfa)an RbRBwtþbT ]RkidæNamYyEdlsßitenAeRkamsmtßkic©rbs;tulakarRBhμTNÐGnþrCati ehIyfaCnenHRtUv)an ecaTsYreday GaCJaFrCati tamkaresñIsuMmYyEdleFVIeLIgRsbtambBaØtþiénCMBUkTI IX énlkçnþik³ CnenH {minRtUv)ansßitenA eRkamkareKobsgát; bgçitbgçM b¤ karKMramkMEhgNamYyeLIy nigminsßitenAeRkam GMeBITaruNkmμ RBmTaMgkardak;TNÐkmμepSg²eTot b¤RbRBwtþkm μy:ageXareXA GmnusSFm’ b¤)at;bg;tMél CamnusSpgEdr}. CnEdlRtUv)anXat;xøÜnRtUvTTYl)annUvRbRBwtþkmμRbkbedayPaB mnusSFm’ nigkar eKarBPaBéføfñÚrrbs;mnusSCati ¬maRta 38 vaküx½NÐ 2 énrdæFmμnuBaØ RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa maRta 12 kfax½NÐ 2 énbTbBaØtþism½yGnþrkal eKalkarN_TI 1 énbNþúMeKalkarN_ edIm,IkarBarRKb;CnTaMgGs; EdlsßitenAeRkamrUbPaBNamYyénkarXuMxøÜnb¤ kardak;Bn§naKar maRta 10 kfax½NÐ 1 énktikasBaØa GnþrCatisþIBIsiT§iRbCaBlrdæ nigsiT§ineya)ay¦. RKUeBTümantYnaTItamdankareKarBbTbBaØtþiCamUldæan TaMgenH edayBinitüsßanPaBsuxPaBrbs;buKÁlenA RKadMbUgénkarXat;xøÜn ¬maRta 12 kfax½NÐ 2 énbT bBaØtþism½yGnþrkal eKalkarN_TI 24 énbNþúMeKalkarN_edIm,IkarBarCnTaMgGs; EdlsßitenAeRkamTMrg;


159

NamYyénkarXuMxøÜn b¤ kardak;Bn§naKar¦. eKRtUveFVIkarBinitüdUcCa sm,Tarbs;Cn EdlRtUvXat;xøÜn. eKcUlrYmeFVIkarRbyuT§RbqaMgnwgGMeBITaruNkm μ nigRbRBwtþkm μéRBépSTaMgLay tamry³karkt;RtaBIlT§pl énkarBinitürbs;xøÜn ¬maRta 12 kfax½NÐ 2 énbTbBaØtþism½yGnþrkal eKalkarN_TI 26 énbNþúMeKal karN_edIm,IkarBarCnTaMgLayEdlsßit enAeRkamrUbPaBNamYyénkarXuMxøÜn b¤ kardak;Bn§naKar¦ Edl lT§plTaMgenH GacelIkbgðajBIGMeBITaruNkm μ b¤ RbRBwtþkmμéRBépSepSg²eTot EdlRbRBwtþeTAelICnEdl RtUv)anXat;xøÜn RbsinebIvaman. karFananUvsiT§ikñúgkarTTYl)ankarBinitüsuxPaBrbs;CnEdlRtUv)anXat;xøÜn KWCakarFanamYykñúg cMeNamkarFanadéTeTot edIm,I[erOgkþImYymanPaByutþiFm’ EdlTTYlsÁal;edaynItiGnþrCati. KarenH GnuBaØateGaydwgedayKμanmnÞilfa cemøIYyEdlTTYl)anBIGMeBITaruNkmμ b¤ RbRBwtþkmμéRBépSepSg²eTot minGacRtUv)anelIkCasMGag kñúgnamCaFatupSMénPsþútagenAkñúgnItiviFI sRmab;RbqaMgnwgCnCab;BiruT§)an eLIy ¬maRta 14 kfax½NÐ 3 q énktika sBaØaGnþrCatisþIBIsiT§iRbCaBlrdæ nig siT§ineya)ay maRta 15 énGnusBaØaRbqaMgnwgGMeBITaruNkm μ nig kardak;TNÐkm μepSg²eTot² b¤ RbRBwtþkmμy:ageXareXA GmnusS Fm’ b¤ )at;bg;tMélCamnusS eKalkarN_TI 21 kfax½NÐ 1 énbNþúMeKalkarN_ edIm,IkarBarCnTaMgLay EdlsßitenAeRkamTMrg;NamYyénkarXuMxøÜn b¤ kardak;Bn§naKar¦. maRta km 323-4 énesckþIRBagRkmnItiviFIRBh μTNÐ tamry³bTbBaØtþibc©úb,nñrbs;va min GnuBaØat eGaymankarFanaEbbenHeT. niyay[cM siT§ikñúgkarTTYl)ankarBinitüsuxPaBrbs;Cn Edl RtUv)anXat;xøÜn minRtUv)an EcgeTenAkñúgmaRtaenH. manEtRBHraCGaCJab:ueNÑaH {EdlGacecjdIkafa Cn EdlRtUv)anXat;xøÜnenaH RtUvBinitüedayRKUeBTüNamñak;} sUm,IEtCnenHpÞal; b¤ RKYsarrbs;eK k¾minGac eFVIkaresñIsuMeGaymankarBinitüsuxPaB)aneLIy.

CalT§pl eGhV GuI ed Gas pþl;Gnusasn_ ³ dl;GaCJaFrEx μr[bBa©ÚlsiT§iTTYl)ankarBinitüsuxPaBcMeBaHCnEdlRtUv)anXat;xøÜn nig cMeBaHRKYsarrbs; eK eTAkñúgkartak;Etgfμ I rbs;maRta km 323-4 EdlmanEcgdUcteTA ³{maRta km 323-4 ¬CMnYyrbs; RKUeBTükñúgGMLúgeBlénkarXat;xøÜn¦ RKb;CnTaMgGs;EdlRtUv)anXat;xøÜn GacRtUv)anBinitüedayRKUeBTü Edl)ancat;taMgedayRBHraCGaCJa tamkaresñIsuMrbs;xøÜn. CnenHGaceRbIR)as;siT§ienHenAkñúgry³eBl 24 em:ag edayKitcab;BIeBlsYredjedal nigGacbnþkaresñIsuMeRkayry³eBlenHpgEdr.


160

enARKb;eBlTaMgGs; RBHraCGaCJaGacecjdIkafaCnEdlRtUv)anXat;xøÜnRtUvBinitüsux PaBeday RKUeBTüNamñak;. RKUeBTüRtUvBinitüCaGaT×faetIsßanPaBsuxPaBrbs;CnenHmanlkçN³ smRsbeTAnwg karXat;xøÜn b¤ Gt;. kñúgkrNIKμankaresñIsuMBICnEdlRtUv)anXat;xøÜn b¤ BIRBHraCGaCJaeTkarBinitüsuxPaB RtUveFVIedaysV½yRbvtþi RbsinebIsmaCikRKYsarNamñak;rbs;eK )aneFVIkaresñIsuM. RKUeBTüRtUvcat;taMgeday RBHraCGaCJa. RbsinebIRKUeBTüyl;eXIjfasßanPaBsuxPaBrbs;CnenHmin smRsbsRmab;karXuMxøÜneT m®nþInKr)alyutþiFm’ RtUvCUndMNwgRBHraCGaCJaPøam². RKUeBTüRtUvecjlixitbBa¢ak;suxPaBmYy EdlRtUv P¢ab;eTAnwgnItiviFI. m®nþInKr)alyutþiFm’ RtUvcuHenAkñúgkMNt;ehtu nUveQμaHrbs;RKUeBTü RBmTaMgkalbriecäT nigeBlevlaén karBinitüsuxPaB. RBHraCGaCJa GaceTAdl;TIkEnøg edIm,IRtYtBinitülkçxNÐTaMgLayén karXuMxøÜn}.

CMBUk2³ karFanananaCaGnþrCatisþIBIRbRBwtþkmμCnCab;XuM nig CnCab;Bn§naKar karFanaTaMgLayEdl)anTTYlsÁal;enAkñúgnItiGnþrCati cMeBaHRbRBwtþkm μelICnCab;XuMmanEcgenA kñúgesckþIsMerc elx 43¼173 cuHéf¶ TI 9 FñÚ 1988 45¼111 cuHéf¶TI 14 FñÚ 1990 énmhasnñi)at rbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCati nig enAkñúgbNþúMénviFanGb,rma cMeBaHRbRBwtþkm μelICnCab;XuM ¬{bNþúM énviFan}¦ Edl)anGnum½tedaysmaCTI 1 rbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCati (le premier Congrès des Nations-Unies) edIm,IbgáabT]Rkidæ nig RbRBwtþkmμeTAelICnel μ Is Edl)aneFVIeLIgenATIRkughSWENvqñaM 1955 nig )anGnum½t edayRkumRbwkSaesdækic© nig sgÁm enAkñúgesckþIsMercelx 663 C (XXIV) cuHéf¶TI 31 kkáda 1957 nig 2076 (LXII) cuHéf¶TI 13 ]sPa 1977. esckþIsMercelx 43¼173 mancMNgeCIgfa bNþúMeKalkarN_edIm,IkarBarCnTaMgLay Edlsßit enAeRkam rUbPaBNamYyénkarXuMxøÜn b¤ kardak;Bn§naKar ¬{bNþúMéneKalkarN_}¦ nig esckþIsMercelx 45¼111 eKalkarN_CamUldæanEdlTak;Tgnwg RbRBwtþkm μelICnCab;XuM ¬{eKalkarN_CamUldæan}¦. eyagtammaRta 74 énbTbBaØtþism½yGnþrkal bNþúMénviFan nig bNþúMéneKalkarN_ suT§Et {GacGnuvtþ )an enARbeTskm<úCa}. viFan b¤ eKalkarN_Edl)anelIkeLIgenAkñúgesckþIsMercTaMgenH minmaneKalbMNgedIm,Ierobrab; BiBN’na eGay)anlMGitGMBIRbB½n§Bn§naKarKMrUenaHeT. esckþIsMercelx 43¼173 nig 45¼111 )an


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mIna 2006 M r)aykarN · 2011-07-06 · karsRmbnItikmμkm Bakü {CnsIuvil} énmaRta km 2131-1...

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Transcript of mIna 2006 M r)aykarN · 2011-07-06 · karsRmbnItikmμkm Bakü {CnsIuvil} énmaRta km 2131-1...