Metaphors result in Technology (?) Kees Doevendans Darmstadt, 22-03-02.

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Metaphors result in Technology (?) Kees Doevendans Darmstadt, 22-03-02
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Transcript of Metaphors result in Technology (?) Kees Doevendans Darmstadt, 22-03-02.

Metaphors result in Technology (?)

Kees Doevendans

Darmstadt, 22-03-02

USO-Built

• Multi-disciplinary network

• α-, β- and γ-sciences

• inter- or trans-disciplinary approach

• intentional, structural and functional dimension

USO-Built as δ• δ-science: to interweave α-, β- and γ-

sciences and dimensions by design and research or even:

• Research by Design?

• We are a δ of different scientific cultures

• Next step: α + β + γ + δ = Σ-science ?

Science

• Modernity: strong tendency to natural science

• Technology: applied science

• Idealization of natural science: generalization, rejection of case studies

Counter tendency

• phenomenology vs natural science

• ideographic vs nomothetical

• intuition, instinct vs empirical

• Verstehen vs Erklären

• Imagination vs description

• Phronetic science

Phronetic science

• Reflexive Modernity (Ulrich Beck):

• Hermeneutic and aesthetic reflexivity (Scott Lash)

• Phronesis: H-G. Gadamer

Phronesis

• Episteme: Scientific knowledge. Universal, invariable, context-independent. Based on general analytical rationality.

• Techne: Craft/art. Pragmatic, variable, context-dependent. Oriented toward production. Based on practical instrumental rationality governed by a conscious goal.

• Phronesis: Ethics. Deliberation about values with reference to praxis. Pragmatic, variable, context-dependent. Oriented toward action. Based on practical value-rationality.

Scientific development

• β: let us make a new measurement

versus:

• α: let us find a new metaphor

or:

• natural sciences also based on metaphors?

Narrative science

John Milbank (1990):

• All science is narrative science,

even natural science, so:

• distinction between Verstehen and Erklaren is a mistake

Language

• If science is narrative science, we have to do with language

• Problem of modernity: to link speech and reality, speech and phenomenon

• Metaphor is instrument to bridge the gap

• Metaphor is kind of pre-scientific concept

O.M. Ungers as example

Morphologie - City Metaphors (1982)

1 Phenomenon

2 Metaphor

3 Naming of the phenomenon based on the metaphor

‘Naming’

• If you cannot name it, it does not exist

• ‘Naming and Necessity’ (Saul Kripke); possibilism versus actualism

• Research by Design seen as creation of possible worlds, versus:

• Phronetic science as actualism?

Vidler as example: root metaphors

• 1st typology: nature - city as garden, urban designer as gardener - mimesis

• 2nd typology: city is a machine, the root metaphor for functionalism

• 3th typology: city is history - ontology, morphology

• 4th typology: ?

Burgess (1)

• ‘The Growth of a City’

• Natural science was key metaphor

• City is a living organism, a human body, a plant community

Burgess (2)

• Rhetoric power to link the city to natural science

• Metaphor was general concept for cities

• Metaphor structured approach: form and process

Ontology of difference

• Nietzsche: scientific concept is worn-out metaphor >

• Crisis of (scientific) re-presentation >

• Withdraw from, deconstruct the metaphor, see the between the phenomenon and the scientific object made of it >

• Find new metaphors

Metaphor &Technology I

‘Root metaphor’

• The Heavenly Jerusalem: bleuprint planning, man took God’s place (modernism)

• Babel: disturbed culture (postmodernism)

Metaphor & Technology II

• Technology is applied natural science

• Natural science is based on metaphors

Metaphor &Technology IIIa

Paradigms

• 20th Century Paradigm:

• City as a living organism, city as machine were the key metaphors of 20th century urbanism: organic modernism

• Grounded on this metaphors the functionalist paradigm was developed

Metaphor &Technology IIIb

• This paradigm became a technology in its post-paradigmatic period (finalized science)

• Finalized science, based on a worn-out metaphor; accepted technology has lost its meaning; postmodern technology?

Metaphor & Technology IV

• Technology = Design

• Design = design philosophy based on metaphors

Deleuze / Guattari / Sap: New metaphors, new ontology, new design philosophy: Smooth - Striated Space, The Fold, Territory, Event, Plane, Rhizome, State … etc.

Paradigm shift: New Metaphors

• City as history: the city as artifact

• The city as text, palimpsest (narrative science!)

• The city is a landscape

• The city is a body without organs

• The city is not a tree, but a rhizome

User-Orientation

Combination of modes, dimensions• IRU 1: Intentional - Structural

• IRU 2: Structural - Functional

• IRU 3: Functional - Intentional

User-Orientation IRU 1

Intentional mode: Design of the User by Metaphors?

• The User = The Other (the Flaneur, the Dandy, the Vagabond, the Citizen, the Cyborg, the Nomad, the Tourist….)

Structural mode: Phronetic Science?

• The Other in Context - the Post-Industrial Landscape