MAROON-X: Detec.ng Earth-size planets in the habitable ...

28
MAROON-X: Detec.ng Earth-size planets in the habitable zones of mid- to late-M dwarfs Jacob Bean University of Chicago

Transcript of MAROON-X: Detec.ng Earth-size planets in the habitable ...

MAROON-X:Detec.ngEarth-sizeplanetsinthehabitablezonesof

mid-tolate-Mdwarfs

JacobBeanUniversityofChicago

Primary science driver: RVfollow-up of transi9ng, temperate,and terrestrial planets that arefeasible targets for atmosphericspectroscopy.Goal:σ=1ms-1in30minforalateMdwarfat20pc(V=17.0).Approach: a highly-stabilized,fiber-fedspectrographcovering500–900nm at R=80k with simultaneouscalibra9onfeedandpupilslicing.Currently: Spectrograph deliveredto Chicago November 2016; furtherintegra9on and tes9ng ongoing;commissioningin4thquarter2018.

NewRadialVelocityInstrumentforMDwarfsatGemini-N

SeeSeifahrt+2016aforanoverview

MAROON-X:Who?

JacobBeanThesuit

AndreasSeifahrtResearchscien9standlabmanager

JulianStürmerPostdocsinceMay2015

LeonardodosSantosFormervisi9ngstudentfromBrazil

ThankstoformerundergradsAdamSutherlandandKatrinaMiller!

EmilyGilbertGraduatestudent

BenMontetSaganFellowsince2016

Transi9ngExoplanetSurveySatellite

NASAExplorerMission,2018–2020Searching200,000+starsover90%oftheskyWilldiscoverhundredsofsub-Joviansizeplanetsidealforatmosphericcharacteriza9onRicker+2015

Sullivan+2015BasedonKeplersta9s9csfromDressing&Charbonneau2015

MAROON-X:Why(onalargetelescope)?

TESSYieldSimula9ons

Sullivan+2015BasedonKeplersta9s9csfromDressing&Charbonneau2015

--GJ1214valuesinred--Reminder:HARPSRVsofGJ1214yield3.5ms-1precisionin45min.

MAROON-X:Why(onalargetelescope)?

TESSYieldSimula9ons

PreciseNIRRVsfromCRIRES

MAROON-X:Heritage

Ammoniagascell

Bean+2010a

Limita9onsofCRIRES+NH3cellapproach

• Telluric line contamination

• Small spectral coverage • Lack of image scrambling •  Instrument not stabilized • Gas cell calibration imperfect and inefficient • K-band (2.3µm) not at the peak of the SED, nor the max

RV information content

TowardsNewInstruments:OtherIssues• Detectors: CCD vs hybrid CMOS

• Size • Cost • Operating temperature • Read out noise • Dark current • Oddities

•  Instrument temperature • Fiber modal noise • Calibration • Use of AO • Heritage • Sky background

Green:advantageop9calOrange:advantageNIR

calcula;onsbenchmarkedonrealspectra

MAROON-X:WavelengthCoverage

Seealso:Reiners+2010,Rodler+2011,Bonom+2013,Figueira+2016

Seifahrt+2016a

MAROON-X:KiwispecR4-100

Timeline:•  June2014–PDR(thankstoAndySzentgyorgyi&FrancescoPepe!)•  July2015–Signedcontractforpurchaseofsinglearmspectrograph•  August2015–FDR•  September2016–Finalintegra9onandfirstlightinthelab•  January2017–Installa9onofspectrographinU.Chicagolab•  Late2018–CommissioningatGemini

1.2m2.1m

MAROON-X:FirstLight!

MAROON-X:PupilSlicer

GZ470476ZAC j-fiber Jena 1 von 1

GZ470476ZAC_PROTOCOL_GEOMETRY.DOC

fiber length : 15 m core dimensions : 57 x 146,6 µm² cladding diameter : 299,6 µm coating diameter : 382 µm

a b c

d f

50#x#150#μm#fiber#

e

cylindrical#microlens#array#with#624#μm#pitch#

Seifahrt+2016b

Foranastronomicalspectrograph:

R:spectralresolvingpowerd:beamdiameteronthegra9ngθ:incidenceangles:skyprojectedslitsizeD:diameterofthetelescope

MAROON-X:PupilSlicer

Seifahrt+2016b

MAROON-X:WavelengthCalibra9on

Stürmer+2016b

MAROON-X:WavelengthCalibra9on

AstroEtalon ThAr

Stürmer+2016b

MAROON-X:WavelengthCalibra9on

rubidiumgascell confocaletalon astroetalon

Stürmer+2016b

MAROON-X:WavelengthCalibra9on

Stürmer+2016b

MAROON-X:WavelengthCalibra9on

AstroEtalon13cm/sdrisperday

Stürmer+2016b

MAROON-X:WavelengthCalibra9on

Stürmer+2016b

MAROON-X:FiberCharacteriza9on

Sutherland+2016

Classicalscramblinggainmetric:

dinput:shisofimageatthefiberinputdoutput:shisoftheimageatthefiberoutputDinput:fibersizeDoutput:near-fieldimagesize

MAROON-X:FiberCharacteriza9on

Sutherland+2016

*New*scramblinggainmetric:

doutput:shisoftheimageatthefiberoutputDinput:fibersize

MAROON-X:SpectrumSimulator

Simula9onbyJulianStürmer

skyfiber

3xslicedstellarspectra

simultaneouscalibra9onfiber

Oneechelleorder

Simula9onbyJulianStürmer

MAROON-X:SpectrumSimulator

MAROON-X:FirstLight

MAROON-X:Performance

MAROON-X:AdventuresinPPE

Seeourrecentpapers…MAROON-Xoverview:Seifahrt+,arXiv:1606.07140Pupilslicer:Seifahrt+,arXiv:1606.07139Fiberscrambling:Sutherland+,arXiv:1607.02490Non-symmetricfibers:Stürmer+,arXiv:1607.02494Astroetalon:Stürmer+,arXiv:1607.05172