Makarajyothi 2011 page 101-156

- 101 -

Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj kvac-WnI 2011

s{]m^. sX°pw-Iq¿ tkma-h¿Ω-cmPm

Xncp-\-°-c-tØ-h-cpsS Xncp-ap-‰Øv

\Ωƒ k©-cn-°p-IbmWv. \q‰m-≠p-I-fpsS

Ncn-{X-ap-d-ßp∂ ]c-ip-cm-a-t£-{X-Øns‚ \S-h-gn-I-

fn-eqsS {]mNo-\hpw ]hn-{X-hp-amb Xncp-h-c-ßp-I-

fn-te°v F√m-sa√mw a[p-cn-∏n-°p∂ ]©m-£-co-a-

{¥-Øns‚ Aar-X-_n-μp-°ƒ h¿jn-°p-∂, ip -I-

chpw im¥-hp-am-b, inh-k-∂n-[n-I-fn-te°v \Ωƒ

kz—-μ-ambn k©-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. tKmI¿Æw apX¬

I\ym-Ip-am-cn-h-sc-bp≈ ]gb tIc-f-Ønse \qs‰-

´p-in-hm-e-b-ß-fpsS aln-am-Xn-tc-I-ßƒ h¿Æ-hn-

kvabw Xo¿°p∂ taem-∏n-\p-Xm-sg, {]Pm-t£-a-

X¬]c-\mbncps∂mcp s]cp-am-fns‚ cmP-[m-\n°p

ap∂n¬, B ]cn-k-c-ßsf apgp-h≥ ssIem-k-Xpeyw

kz¿§o-b-am-°p∂ alm-t£-{X-Øn-\p-ap-∂n¬, \Ω-

fn-t∏mƒ FØn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CXp Xncp-\-°-c.

]≠sØ sX°pw-Iq¿ cmP-hw-i-Øns‚ Xne-I-°p-

dn-bmbn amdnb Xncp\-°c alm-tZ-h¿ t£{Xw!

tIc-f-Ønse inh-t£-{X-ß-fn¬ Gsd {]i-

kvX-amb tIm´-bsØ Xncp-\-°c t£{X-sØ-°p-

dn®p ]d-bp-tºmƒ AXns‚ DXv]-Øn°p \nZm-\-

amb Ncn{X ]›m-Ø-

esØ ]cm-a¿in-°msX

hø. sIm√-h¿jm-cw-`-Im-

eØv atlm-Z -b -]pcw

Bÿm-\-am°n tIcfw

`cn-®n-cp∂ Ipe-ti-Jc

s]cp-am-°-∑m¿ c-W-ku-

I-cy-Øn\v cmPysØ ]Xn-

s\-´p- \m-Sp-I-fmbn hn`-Pn-

®p . Cu \mSp -I -fn¬

G‰hpw hnkvXr-Xhpw

{]m[m-\y-ta-dn-b-Xp-amb

shº-e-\mSv ]n¬°m-e-

Øv, G. -Un. 1103 -˛¬,

s X ° p w - I q - s d - ∂ p w ,

h S ° p w I q s d ∂ p w

c≠mbn ]ncn -™p.

sX°pw-Iq-dns‚ BZy-X-e-

ÿm\w tIm´-bsØ ]mºm-Sn-°-SpØ sh∂n-a-e-

bm-bn-cp-∂p.

G.-Un. 12, 13, 14 \q‰m-≠p-I-fn¬ sh∂n-ae

Xeÿm-\-am°n cmPyw-`-cn-®n-cp∂ sX°pw-Iq¿

15-˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ HSphn¬ Xe-ÿm\w tIm´-

bsØ Xfn-t°m-´-bn-te-°p- am-‰n. Ab¬\m-Sp-hm-

gnbmb sNº-I-t»-cn-bpsS IS-∂m-{I-aW `oj-Wn-

bm-bn-cp∂p AXn\p Imc-Ww. ]t≠ Xs∂ kz¥w

apjv°c kwLsØs°m≠v Ir{Xn-a-ßfpw sIm≈-

b-Sn-°epw \S-Øn-t∏m∂ sNº-I-t»cn cmPmhv

sX°pw-Iq-dn\v h√mØ Xe-th-Z-\-bm-bn. sh∂n-a-

e-bn-en-cp∂p cWw \S-Øn-bm¬ sNº-I-t»-cnsb

\nebv°p \n¿Øm-\m-hn-s√-∂-Xp-sIm≠v cmPmhv

Xe-ÿm\w Xfn-bn-te-°p- am-‰p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ao\-

®n-em-dns‚ Xoc-ØmWv Xfn. AhnsS tIm´-sIm-

Ø-f-ßfpw t£{Xhpw t£{X-°p-fhpw Kplm-am¿§-

ßfpw InS-ßp-Ifpw Xo¿Øv F{Xbpw kpc-£n-

Xhpw Dd-∏p-≈-Xp-amb Xe-ÿm-\-ap-≠m-°n. tIm´-

bv°-I-Øp≈ cmP-[m\n ""tIm´-b-I''-ambn; ]ns∂

""tIm´-b-hp''-am-bn.

- 103 -


C°m-e-ØmWv sX°pw-Iq¿cmPmhv Xncp-\-

°-c-t£{Xw \n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xv. X-fn-t°m-´-bn¬

\n¿Ωn® t£{X-Øn¬ hn{Kl {]Xn-jvT-bm-bn-cp-

∂p. Xncp-\-°-c-bn-em-hs´ kzbw-`q-hmb tXh-cm-

Wv. At©m Btdm iXm-_vZ-ßƒ°p-ta¬ ]g-°-

an-√mØ Cu t£{X-Øns‚ \n¿Ωn-Xn°p ]n∂n¬

Hcp IY-bp-≈Xv Cßs\: kz¥w CjvS-tZ-h-X-bpw

Bcm-[-\m-aq¿Øn-bp-amb ]c-a-in-hs‚ t£{Xw

tIm´-b-Øp-Xs∂ D≠m-bn -cns° A∂sØ

sX°pw-Iq¿ Xºp-cm≥ sIcp-fcv tImX-h¿Ωcv (Cu

cmPm-hns‚ t]cv t£{X-Øn-en-cn-°p∂ angm-hn¬

hs´-gp-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.) Xrin-h-t]-

cq¿ hS-°pw-\m-Y-\n¬ AXo-h-`-‡n-hn-izm-k-ß-

tfmsS hfsc h¿j-ßƒ Xn¶ƒ`P\w \S-Øn-bn-

cp-∂p. {]mbm-[n-Iyw-sIm≠v At±-l-Øn\v AXv

XpS¿∂p \S-Øm≥ Ign-bm-sX-bm-bn. Xs‚ \n -

lm-b-X-bn¬ a\w-s\m¥v hS-°pw-\m-Y-t\mSp

{]m¿∞n® Xºp-cm≥ atl-iz-cs‚ at\m-KXw

kz]v\-Øn¬ tI´p-hs{X: ""C\n Fs∂ ImWm≥

Ctßm-´p-h∂p _p≤n-ap-t´-≠. Rm≥ \°-c-°p-

∂n¬ Ah-X-cn-°mw. AhnsS Fs∂ Pn-®m¬ aXn.

Fs‚ ]ptcm-`m-KØv hrj-`\pw ]›mZv `mKØv

Hcp shfp-Ø-sX-®nbpw ImWpw. AhnsS Hcp

t£{Xw ]WnXv Fs∂ {]Xn-jvTn-°-Ww. AXv

c≠mw hS-°pw-\mY t£{Xw Xs∂-bmIpw''. k¥p-

jvS-\mb cmPmhv Bÿm-\-amb Xfn-t°m-´bv°p

Ing-°p-h-i-ap≈ \°-c-Ip-∂n¬ ]d™ e£-W-

sa√mw a\- n-¬ I≠n-cn-s°, Hcp Znhkw ImSp-

\n-d™ B Ip∂n≥]pdØv Irjn-∏Wn sNbvXp-

sIm-≠n-cp∂ Hcph≥ a¨sh-ń-sIm≠p Hcp inem-

J-WvU-Øn¬ c‡-sam-en-®n-d-ßp∂ A¤pXw

kzman-bm¿ aT-Ønse kzmansb h√mØ ]cn-{`-a-

tØmsS Adn-bn-®p. apºv, Xºp-cms‚ \n¿t±-i-{]-

Imcw Xs‚sbm∏w IqSn-bn-cp∂ t]tc-∏-dºp \ºq-

Xn-cn-bp-sam-∂n®v kzman-bm¿ ÿe-Øp-h-∂-t∏mƒ

kzbw-`q-hmb Hcp inh-enw-K-am-WnXv F∂p-I≠v

aT-Øn¬ \n∂p-Xs∂ hnf-°v, ]qhv, DW-°-ecn

XpS-ßnb ]qPm-km-a-{Kn-Iƒ hcpØn DS≥Xs∂

\ºq-Xn-cn-sb-s°m≠v ]qPbpw \nth-Zyhpw Ign-

∏n®v \S-∂-Im-cy-ß-sfms° cmPm-hns\ t_m[n-

∏n-®p. hnIm-cm-[o-\-\m-bn-Øo¿∂ Xºp-cm≥ Xriq¿

hS-°pw-\m-Ys‚ Acp-f-∏mSp kXy-am-bn-Øo¿∂

IrXm¿∞-X-tbmsS AhnsS h∂p-t\m-°p-tºmƒ

inh-enw-Khpw AXns‚ ap≥h-i-Ømbn hrj-`\pw

]n≥h-iØv Aev]w hS-°p-amdn hmbp-tIm-Wn¬

Hcp sX®nbpw I≠v CXp hS-°pw-\m-Y≥ Xs∂-

sb∂p a\- n-em-°n.

]ns∂, [rX-K-Xn-

bn¬ Cuiz-cm-ò-jvS-a-

\p -k-cn® v t£{Xw

\n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈

bXv\w Xºp-cm≥ XpS-

ßn. sX°pw -Iq¿

cmPysØ G‰hpw

hepXpw anI-®-Xp-amb

Hcp alm-t£-{X-amWv

\°-c-Ip-∂n¬ cmPmhp

]Wn-bn-®-Xv. \mep-tKm-

]p-c-am-fn-I-Iƒ, IqØ-

º-ew, B\-s°m-ń¬,

hnf-°p-am-Sw, Du´p-]p-c,

D]-tZ-h-Xm-t£-{X-ßƒ

XpS-ßn-b-h-tbm-Sp-IqSn

hf -c -thKw t£{X-

- 105 -


Øns‚ ]Wn-]q¿Øo-I-cn-

®p. sX°pw-Iq-dns‚ cXv\-

In -coSwt]mse ]cn -e -

kn® B alm-t£-{X-

Øn\v DNn-X-amb coXn-bn-

ep≈ ]qPm-hn-[m-\-ß-

fmWv Xºp-cm-t\¿s∏-Sp-

Øn-b-Xv. Xs‚-sbm∏w

Xrin -h -t] -cq¿ \n∂v

B{in -X -\m -bn -°q -Snb

t]tc-∏-dºp \ºq-Xn-cn-

sb -Øs∂ At±lw

ta¬im-¥n-bmbn \nb-an-

®p. X{¥w Xc-W-\-√q¿

\ºq -Xn -cn°v t£{X-

Øns‚ ssZ\w-Zn\ `c-W-

®p-a-Xe sNß-g-t»-cn,

]p∂-t»cn aq -X-∑msc G¬∏n-®p. kzbw-`q-hmb

inh-enwKw sN∂p-I-≠Xv sNß-g-t»-cnbpw ]ns∂-

°-≠Xv ]p∂-t»-cn-bp-am-sW-∂t{X ]pcm-hr-Øw.

kzman-bm¿ aT-Ønse the-°m-cm-bn-cp∂ ]me-

t°m-S≥, s\Sp-a-ßm-S≥ F∂n-h-cpsS Xd-hm- n-te°v

t£{X-Øn¬ hnf-s°-Sp∏pw s\√p-IpØpw \S-Øp-

∂-Xn-\p≈ Ah-Im-ihpw sImSp-Øp.

CXc inh-t£-{X-ßsf At]-£n®v Xncp-

\-°c t£{X-Øn-ep≈ hrj-`\v {]m[m\yw IqSp-

X-ep-≠v. Poh-\p≈ hrj- -am-bn- p-X-s∂-bmWv Chn-

SpsØ \μn-bpsS k¶-ev]w. inh-enw-Khpw Imfbpw

sX®nbpw Hcp henb ine-bpsS mK-ß-fm-sW∂p

]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu hrj`w kao-]-Øp≈ thfq¿

F∂ ÿesØ hb-en¬s®∂v s\√p-Xn-∂-t∏mƒ

Hcp ]d-b≥ Is√-dn™v AXns\ apdn-th¬∏n-®-

t{X. Hcp kz]v\-Ønse \n¿t±-i-{]-Imcw sX°pw-

Iq¿ cmPmhv Imf -s\-√p-Xn∂ hb¬ AXn-\p-Xs∂

\nthZyw hIbv°v hmßn-s°m-Sp-∏n-®p. A∂p-sXm v

B hb¬ "Imf-°≠'ambn.

Xncp-\-°-c-tØ-h-cpsS ssNX-\yhpw {]kn-

≤nbpw \mƒtXmdpw h¿≤n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂Xv

sX°pw-Iq¿ cmPy-Øn-\p-Xs∂ sFiz-cy-am-bn-

Øo¿∂p. kwlm-c-aq¿Øn-bmb ]c-a-in-hs‚

ssNX\yw AXn-\- n-ap-J-amb ÿeØv ]e-t∏mgpw

hn\m-i-I-c-amb Ah-ÿ-I-fp-≠m-°p-tºmƒ Xncp-

\-°-c-bn-em-hs´ AXn\p hn]-co-X-am-Wv. kvt\l-

\n-[n-bmb Hcp Krl-ÿs‚ \ne-bn-emWv {io]-c-

ta-iz-cs‚ Chn-SpsØ Ccp-∏v. ssIem-k-irw-K-

Øn\p apI-fn-se-∂-t]mse Xncp-\-°-c-°p-∂ns‚

s\dp-I-bn¬ km£m¬ ]c-a-in-h≥! CSXphiØv

{io]m¿Δ-Xn, H∏w {ioap-cp-I\pw he-Xp-h-iØv

KW-]-Xnbpw Aø-∏\pw. Cu IpSpw-_-k-¶-ev]-

tØm-Sq-IqSnb Xncp-\-°-c-bnse {]Xn-jvT-bpsS mh-

sØ-°p-dn®v Cß-s\-sbmcp t«mI-ap≠v:

""aqte Iev]-{Zp-a-ky, [rX-I-\-I-\n`w Nmcp-]-flm-

k-\ÿw

hmamw-Km-cqV Kucow -\n-_n-UIp-N- -cm-t`m-K-Km-Vm-

`n-cqVw

k¿Δm-e-¶m-c-Im¥nw hc-]-ip-ar-Km-`o-Xn-lkvXw

{]k∂w

htμ, _mte-μp-au-enw, KP-h-Z-\-Kp-lm`yma- n-«n-jvS-

]m¿tiz''

t£{X-Øns‚ Xncp-ap-‰Øv sX°p-h-iØv

IqØ-º-ew. AXn\p Ing°v Hcm\-∏-¥-ep-≠v.

sXt°-\-S-bn-embn KW-]-Xn-bp-sSbpw AXn\p ]nd-

In¬ Aø-∏-s‚bpw {]Xn-jvT-Iƒ. Ah-bpsS

Z¿i\w Ing-t°m-´m-Wv. hS-°p-h-iØv kp{_-“-

Wy≥, hS-°pw-\m-Y≥, Zp¿§, {_“-c-£ v F∂n-

- 107 -


h-cpsS {]Xn-jvT-I-fm-Wv. Xncp-\-°-c-tØ-h-cpsS

enwKw kzbw-`q-hm-b-Xp-sIm≠v ‡-\mb sX°pw-

Iq¿ Xºp -cm≥ hS -°pw -\m -Ys\ Dt± -in®v

{]tXyIambn \S-Ønb {]Xn-jvT-bmWv hS-°pw-

\m-Y-≥. hS-°pw-\m-Ys‚ D]-t£-{X-Øn\v as‰-ßp-

an-√mØ aWvU]w cmPmhv ]Wn-bn-®n-cn°p-∂p.

{_“-c-£- p-am-{X-amWv ]Sn-™mdp Z¿i-\-ambn

ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂-Xv.

t£{X-Øns‚ \mep \S-I-fn-ep≈ tKm]p-c-

am-fn-IIƒ°v Icn-¶-√n¬Øo¿Ø I´n-f-Ifpw ]Sn-

I-fp -am -Wv. t£{X-Ønse Zmcpinev]ßfpw

Npa¿Nn-{X-ßfpw {]Xn-a-Ifpw sImØp-]-Wn-Ifpw

Iem-aq-ey-ap≈ cN-\-I-fm-Wv. IqØ-º-e-Øn¬ cmam-

bW IY-Iƒ sImØn-h-®n-cn-°p-∂p. _en-°¬]p-

c-bpsS apºnepw a®nepw IqØº-e-

Ønse \rØ-a-WvU-]-Ønepw {iotIm-

hn-ens‚ ap≥h-iØpw Nn{X-∏-Wn-Ifpw

Zmcp-in-ev]-ßfpw Hcp]m-Sp-≠v. hrj`w

InS-°p∂ aWvU-]-Øn\p apI-fn¬

F´p-ssII-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb atl-iz-cs‚

Zmcp-inev]w AXoh kpμ-c-am-Wv.

t£{X-\n¿Ωn -Xn -°p -tijw

sX°pw-Iq¿ cmPmhv \nXy-\n-Zm-\w,

amk-hn -ti -jw, B´

-hn-tijw apX-em-b-h-bv°p-th≠ hI-

I-sf-√m-a-\p-h-Zn-®v, ta¬im-¥n-bmb

t]tc-∏-dºp \ºq-Xn-cn-tbmSpw X{¥n

Xc-W-\-√q¿ \ºq-Xn-cn-tbmSpw Btem-

Nn®v t£{X-Im-cy-ß-sf√mw Nn´-s∏-Sp-

Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. Zn\w-{]Xn Dj:]qP,

FXn¿Ø-]q-P, ]¥o-c-Sn, D®-]q-P,

AØm-g-]q-P F∂n-ßs\ A©p ]qP,

FXn¿Ø-]q-P, D®-]q-P, AØm-g-]qP

F∂n-h-bv°p-tijw {io_-en. ]¥o-c-

Sn-∏q-P-bv°mWp {]m[m-\yw. AXn-\p-

tijw £oc-[m-cbpw Pe-[m-c-bp-ap-≠v.

AXp-I-gn-™v, D®-∏q-P-bv°p-ap-ºmbn

\h-Iw. AI-tØ-°p≈ \nth-Zy-tØm-

sSm∏w hrj-`-Øn-\p≈ \nth-Zyhpw

{][m-\-am-Wv. inh-enw-K-Øn-\- n-ap-J-am-

bp≈ \μn-bpsS ]ptcm- mKw ‡-∑m¿

apdn-®p-I-S-°m-dn-√. amk-hn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ {]tZm-j-

Øn-\mWv {]m[m-\yw. {]tZm -j-]q -P -tbm-Sp -

tN¿∂p≈ {][m-\-s∏´ NSßv A`n-tj-I-am-Wv.

]\n-\o-cv, ]mev, Icn-°v, kvaw F∂n-h-sIm-≠p≈

A`n-tj-I-amWv {]tZm-j-Zn-hkw \S-Øp-∂-Xv.

{]tZm-j-ß-fn¬ inh-t£-{X-Z¿i\w F{Xbpw

]pWy-I-c-ambn Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p. inh-t£-{X-ß-fn¬,

{]tXy-In®v Xncp-\-°-c-bn¬, {]tZm-j-Øn\v {]tXy-

I-]q-P-Iƒ ]Xn-hp-≠v. i\n-bmgvN hcp∂ {]tZm-

j-Øn-\mWv IqSp-X¬ amlm-flyw. PK-∑-WvU-e-

amsI ssNX\yw XpSn-°p∂ {]tZm-j-ß-fn¬,

`‡n-km-{μ-amb ]cn-k-c-ß-fn¬ ‡-P-\-{]-hmlw

IqSp-X-em-hp-∂p. Xncp-\-°-c-t£-{X-Ønse B´-hn-

ti-jßfn¬ ao\-am-k-Ønse ss]¶p\n D’-hw,

- 109 -


anYp-\-Ønse BSn D’-hw, Xpem-am-k-Ønse

B\n D’hw F∂n-ßs\ aq∂p-’-h-ß-fm-Wp-≈-

Xv. Ch-bn¬ {][m-\-s∏-´Xv ss]¶p\n D’-hw-X-

s∂. ao\w H∂mw XobXn sImSn-tbdn ]Ømw

XobXn Bdm-t´msS sImSn-bn-d-ßp∂ Cu D’hw

Xncp-\-°-c-bpsS BtLm-j-s∏-cp-a-sIm-≠m-Sp∂

h¿Æ-i-_f-amb atlm-’-h-am-Wv. D’h NS-ßp-

I-fn¬ {][m-\-s∏´ D’-h-_en Z¿i\w sImSn-

tb‰pw Bdm-´p-sam-gn®v F´p-Zn-h-kßfn-ep-ap-≠v.

anYp\ amk-Ønse BSn D’hw F´p-Zn-h-k-am-

Wv. Xncp-hm-Xnc Bdm-´m-bn-h-cp∂ coXn-bn-emWv

BSn. Xpem-am-k-Ønse B\n D’hØn\v

Aev]in D’-h-sa∂pw ]d-bpw. Bdp-Zn-h-ksØ

Aev]in Xrt°´ sImSn-tb-‰mbn \S-Øp-∂p. B\n

BSn D’-h-ß-fn¬ {iotIm-hn-en-\p-≈nse ]qPm-

Zn-Im-cy-ßƒ°p-am-{Xta {]m[m-\y-ap-≈q.

BZy-Imew apX¬°p-Xs∂ Xncp-\-°c D’-

h-Øns‚ {]ikvXn tIc-f-°-c-bmsI \nd™p

]S¿∂n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. a≤y-Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬s∏´

sX°pw -Iq¿ tZi-h -gn -bpsS kmaq -lyhpw

kmwkv°m-cn-I-hp-amb DW¿Δns‚ {]Im-i-\-sa-∂-

Xn-ep-]cn sFiz-cy-k-ar-≤n-I-fpsS {]Xo-I-amb hnf-

sh-Sp-∏ns‚ BtLm-j-ambpw, Iem-Im-bn-I-ta-J-e-

I-fnse anI-hp-Iƒ a’-cn-°p∂ Ifn-b-c-ßmbpw,

hymh-km-bnI hnI-k-\-ß-fpsS hnfw-_-c-th-Zn-

bmbpw ]cn-e-kn-°p∂ hnkva-b-hn-ti-j-amWv Xncp-

\-°c D’-hw. sImSn-tb‰p apX¬ Bdm-´p-h-sc-

bp≈ Znh-k-ß-fn¬ `‡-k-l-{k-ß-fpsS A¥-

cw-K-ß-fn¬ B≤ym-flnI ssNX-\ysØ t{]mPz-

en-∏n-°p∂ hnti-j- ]q-P-Ifpw NS-ßp-Ifpw {iotIm-

hn-en-\p-≈n¬ kl-{k-]{Xw hnS¿Øp-tºmƒ, ]pd-

Øv, B_m-e-hr-≤-ßƒ°v B\-μ-k-μm-b-I-am-Ip∂

Iem-hn-ti-j-ß-fpsS tIfn-sIm-´m-bn. t£{X-I-e-

I-fmb IqØv, IqSn-bm-´w, ]mT-Iw, Xp≈¬, IY-

Ifn XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS D¬Ir-jvS-ß-fmb Ah-X-c-

W-ß-fmWv B≠p-tXmdpw ChnsS Ac-tß-dp-∂-

Xv. Hmtcm Iem-cq-]hpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ AXn-

{]-i-kvX-cmb Iem-Im-c-∑m-cpsS {]I-S\wsIm≠v

\msSßpw {]Io¿Øn-X-am-Ip-∂p. IY-I-fn-bn¬ Kpcp-

Ip-©p-°p-dp-∏v, Ih-f-∏m-d -\m-cm-b-W≥ \mb¿,

sh®q¿ cma≥]n-≈, sNß-∂q¿ cma≥]n-≈, Ipdn®n

Ip™≥ ]Wn-°¿, Nmº°pfw ]m®p-]n-≈, am¶pfw

hnjvWp\ºq-Xn-cn, hmtg-¶S Ip©p-\m-b¿, Iem-a-

WvUew IrjvW≥\mb¿, IpS-am-fq¿ Icp-Wm-I-

c≥\mb¿ XpS-ßn A∂pw, Iem-a-WvUew tKm]n,

Iem-a-WvUew cma≥Ip- n, s\√n-tbmSp hmkp-tZ-

h≥\ºq-Xn-cn, aS-hq¿ hmkp-tZ-h≥\mb¿, ^mIvSv

taml-\≥, tIm´-bv°¬ A∏p-\-ºq-Xn-cn, Iem-

tI{μw apc-fo-[-c≥\ºq-Xncn XpSßn C∂pw

AcßphmW-cp-fp∂ \S-∑m-cpsS {]I-S-\-ßfpw

tN¿Øe Ip -∏-°p-dp-∏v, XIgn Ip´≥]n-≈, tIm -

bv°¬ hmkp-s\-Sp-ßm-Sn, Iem-a-WvUew i¶-c≥

F{ºm-¥n-cn, sslZ-cm-en, ]≈w am[-h≥, Iem-a-

WvUew lcn-Zm-kv, ]Øn-bq¿ i¶-c≥Ip- n, Iem-a-

WvUew _me-N-{μ≥ XpSßn {]i-kvX-cmb Kmb-

I-cpsS IY-I-fn-∏m´pw, sN≠, a±fw XpS-ßnb taf-

ß-fnse hº-∑m-cpsS {]I-S-\-ßfpsa√mw-sIm≠v

hk-¥-cm-hp-Iƒ Xo¿°p∂ D’-h-Imew Xncp-\-°-

c-bpsS ku`m-Ky-am-Wv. Ip´-t©cn \mcm-bW

NmIym¿, ss]¶pfw cma-Nm-Iym¿, amWn-am-[h

NmIym¿ XpS-ßn AXn-{]-i-kvX-cmb Iem-Im-c-∑m-

cpsS IqØpw IqSn-bm-´hpw ]mT-Ihpw, ae-_m¿

cma≥\mb-cpsS Hm´≥Xp-≈epw, sNssºbpw

siΩm-¶p-Snbpw Fw.-F-kv. kp∫-e-£van-bpw, _me-

ap-c-fo-Ir-jvWbpw, Fw.-F¬. hk-¥-Ip-am-cn, Sn.-B¿.

alm-enw-Kw, tbip-Zmkv XpS-ßn-b-h-cp-sam-cp-°nb

kwKoX kZ- p-Ifpw HcpIm-eØv ChnSpsØ D’-

h-th-Zn-Isf {Xkn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. F√m hn`m-K-ß-

fnepws∏´ G‰hpw {]K-¤-cmb Iem-Im-c-∑m¿

Imem-Im-e-ß-fmbn Cu ]mc-ºcyw ImØp-t]m-cp-

∂p. Xncp-\-°-c-tØ-h-cpsS Bdm- n-\-I-º-Sn-bmbn

]≠p-≠m-bn-cp∂ "Xncp-\-°c sIm®p-sIm-º≥'

F∂ B\ Hmtcm tIm´bwImc-s‚bpw A`n-am-\-

am-bn-cp-∂p. Icn-a-cp∂p {]tbm-K-Øn¬ c≠m-a-sXmcp

hm°n-√msX sXmΩ≥ h¿°n-bp-≠v. sX°pw-Iq¿

cmPm-hns‚ tk\m-hn- m-K-Øn¬ kvt^mS-I-hkvXp

\n¿Ωm-W-Øn-\mbn \ntbm-Kn-®n-cp∂ IpSpw-_-

Ønse AwK-am-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. t£{X-tKm-]p-

chpw D’-h-∏-¥epw Ae-¶-cn-®n-cp∂ "]¥¬ inh-

cm-a≥\mbcpw' Xncp-\-°-cbv°p kz¥w.

D’-h-Imew F√m tZi-ß-fnepw hn]-W\

taf-I-fpsS Imew-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. C∂-sØ-t∏mse

- 111 -


A\m-bm-k-ambn hn`-h-ti-J-c-W-ßƒ°p hgn-bn-

√m-Xn-cp∂ ImeØv D’-h-®-¥-Iƒ \m´p-Im-cpsS

Bth-i-am-bn-cp-∂p. D’-h-tØmS\p-_-‘n®v ]≠p-

ap-Xte Xncp-\-°-c-bnse {]tXyI hn]-W\ thZn-

Iƒ Hcp amk-Øn-tesd Xpd-∂n-cn-°pw. ao\w H∂p

apX¬ taSw H∂v hnjphpw taSw ]Øv ]Øm-ap-

Z-bhpw hsc \o≠p-\n¬°p∂ I®-h-S-ßƒ ""A—-

s\bpw AΩ-sb-bp-sam-gn®v as‰√mw Xncp-\-

°c®¥-bn¬In´pw'' F∂p \m´p-Im¿ ]d-bp∂

coXn-bn-em-bn-cp∂p A∂v. Im¿jnI hnf-Ifpw

hnØp-Ifpw sIm´, apdw, ]mb, ]\ºv, ho´p-]-I-c-

W-ßƒ XpS-ßn-b-hbpw hmßm≥ D’-h-°mew

ImØn-cp-∂-h¿ Gsd-bm-Wv. Npcp-°-Øn¬, Xncp-

\-°-c-bnse D’hw tIm´bw ] -WsØ apgp-h≥

tImƒa-bn¿s°m-≈n-°p∂ IuXp-I-ß-fp-sSbpw

kmwkv°m-cnI hn\n-a-b-ß-fp-sSbpw I√ym-W-

Imew; Ip´n-Iƒ°pw sNdp-∏-°m¿°pw a≤y-h-b-

kv°¿°pw hr≤-∑m¿°p-sa√mw Ah-c-h-cpsSXmb

coXn-bn¬ BtLm-jn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂, sh◊-Wn,

tNe-∏-d -ºv, Hdh-¶c XpS-ßnb ]gb P\p-

n¬s∏´ {]Xn-`m-im-en-Iƒ°v ap‡-I-ßƒ cNn-

°m≥ {]tNm-Z\w sImSp-°p∂ Ia-\ob Imew!

D’-hm-tLm-j-ß-fnepw NS-ßp-I-fnepw

Imtem-Nn-X-amb ]cn-jv°m-c-ßƒ°v Xncp-\-°-

cbpw thZn-bm-Ip-∂p-≠v. \me-©p-h¿jw apºv Cu

t£{X-Øns‚ D’-h-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n®p XpS-ßnb,

XpS¿∂n-t∏mgpw \S-Øp∂, ]I¬∏qcw Hcp ]pXnb

kwcw-`-am-Wv. ]qc-ßƒ°p-]qcw Xriq-cm-Wv. Ahn-

SpsØ hS-°pw-\m-Ys\ Chn-SpsØ Xºp-cm≥

Ctßm-´m-hm-ln®p {]Xn-jvTn-®-t∏mƒ, kzm`m-hn-I-

am-bpw, ChnsS ]qcw {]k-‡-am-Ip-∂p. temIw

apgp-h≥ ]pI-gm¿∂ Xriq¿]qc-Øns‚ al-Xz-

apƒs°m-≈m≥ Xncp -\ -°-cbv°p Ign -

bp∂sXßs\? hnimekpμ-c-amb tX°n≥ImSp

ssaXm-\hpw, Xncp-h-ºm-Sn-˛-]m-d-ta-°mhv t£{X-

]-›m-Ø-ehpw, Fhn-Sp-sØbpw F°m-e-sØbpw

anI® taf-s∏-cp-°-ßfpw, Icn-a-cp∂p hnkva-b-ß-

fpw-sIm≠v `qanae-bm-fsØ A£-cw-{]Xn {]I-

º\w sIm≈n-°p∂ Xriq¿∏qc-Øns‚ sNdn-

sbmcp \ng-em-bn-´m-sW-¶nepw, Xncp-\-°-c-bnepw

]qc-am-bn. D≈-Xp-sIm≠v HmWw F∂p-≠-t√m.

Chn-SpsØ bph-Xz-Øns‚ NSp-e-X-Iƒ Cu

]qcsØ Aßs\ BtLm-j-am-°p-∂p. t£{X-

ssa-Xm-\Øv Ing°pw ]Sn-™mdpw A`n-ap-J-ambn

\n¬°p∂ KP-tI-k-cn-I-fpsS Xe-sb-Sp∏pw \b-

\m- n-cm-a-am-bn-Øo-cp∂ IpS-am-‰hpw Ae-¶m-c-ß-fpw,

\Sp-hn¬ a -∂qcw s]cp-h-\hpw a’-cn®p ]b-‰p∂

Xmf-ta -f -ßfpw C∂v tIm´bwImc\n¬,

Xriq¿Imcs‚b{X-bn-

s√-¶n-epw, Hcp sNdnb

Al-¥-bp-≠m-°p-∂p-

≠v. AXns\ A[n-I-cn-

°m≥ Xncp-\-°cssaXm-

\ -Øns‚ sRcp°w

A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂n-s√-∂p-

≈Xv kXyw.

B´-hn -ti-j-ß-

fn¬ {][m-\-s∏´ H∂v

inh-cm-{Xn-bm-Wv. alm-

in-h-cm-{Xn-bpsS alXzw

\nd-bp∂ Xncp -\-°-c-

bn¬ F{Xbpw ]hn-{X-

amb LrX-[mc F∂

NSßv \mep-bm-a-ß-fn-

embn \S-Øp-∂p. cm{Xn

- 113 -


9 aWn-tbmSpIqSn XpS-ßp∂ [mc ]pe¿s® c≠p-

a-Wn-tbmsS Xocpw. 60 en‰¿ s\ømWv CXn-\p-]-

tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. a‰p inh-t£-{X-ß-fn¬\n∂pw

hyXy-kvX-ambn Xncp-\-°-c-bn¬ {iotIm-hn-en-\p-

≈n¬ \S-Øp∂ A`n-tj-I-ßƒ°v {]tXy-I-X-bp-

≠v. kzbw`qhm-bn-cn-°p∂ enwK-ambXn\m¬

AXn¬ t\cn´v A`n-tjIw \S-Øm-dn-√. enwK-

Øn\p apI-fn¬ ÿm]n-®n-´p≈ kph¿Æ-tKm-f-I-

bn-emWv tZh-ssN-X-\ysØ Pzen-∏n-°p∂ A`n-

tj-I-ßfpw [mcbpw \S-Øn-t∏m-cp-∂-Xv. F√m

h¿jhpw hr›nIw H∂n\p XpS-ßp∂ i_-cn-ae

aWvU-e-Im-eØv Aø-∏s‚ D]-t£-{X-Øn¬ \S-

Øp∂ Nnd-∏p-’hw ]≠p-ap-X-evtI-bp-≠v. hy‡n-

Ifpw ÿm]-\-ßfpw kaq-l-ßfpw Dug-an´v

a’c_p-≤n-tbmsS \S-Øp∂ Nnd-∏p-a-tlm-’-h-

Øn¬ hnhn[ Iem-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Ac-tß-dp-∂p.

\q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p-ap-ºv `mKy-im-en-bmb Hcp

\mSp-hm-gn-Ø-ºp-cms‚ ]pWy-w ]p-W¿∂ alm-t£-

{X-Ønse \nXy-\n-Zm-\hpw amk-hn-ti-j-ßfpw,

B -hn-ti-j-ß-fp-sams° A`w-Kp-c-ambn XpS¿∂p-

t]m-Ip-tºmƒ km[m-cW `‡-P-\-ß-fn¬\n∂p

hyXy-kvX-am-bn, Cu t£{X-hp-ambn Bfl-_-‘w-

sIm-≈p-∂-h¿°v kzm`m-hn-I-ambn D≠m-Ip∂ Hcp

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mVecf MjCXD’h Znhkßfn¬ ùMrakebfnfvgúf¬svÖxbfäTgkW ceùlceCx släfãfTgÿlx.

FlfvebMõceã svÖx Y©pv~WTx bBfheëeãfDqh¥fTebgÿleCx.

Krlm-Xp-c-Xz-ap-≠v. Xncp-\-°c alm-t£-{X-Øns‚

Imcm◊ ssIÿm-\n-bmb ]p∂-t»cn aqØ-Xns\

ASp-Øn-S-bmWv Cu teJ-I≥ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

tIm´-b-Øn\p kao-]-ap≈ B¿∏q-°c kp{_-“-

Wy-kzman t£{X-Øns‚ Npa -X-e -°m-cmb

]mSIt»cn C√hpw ]p∂-t»cn C√hpw H∂pX-

s∂-bm-Wv. Xncp-\-°c t£{X-Øns‚ `c-W-Im-cy-

ßfpw Ah¿°p-X-s∂ Gs‰-Sp-°m-\m-bXv B IpSpw-

_-Øns‚ P∑-]p-Wyw. C∂v, ]p∂-t»cn IpSpw-_-

Ønse Imc-W-h-cmb hy‡n-bpsS t]cv a‰v F¥m-

bmepw, ""tZh≥ tZh≥ F∂p -am-dm-t∏-cp≈ tZh≥

\oe-I-WvT≥ aqØXv'' F∂ ÿm\-t∏-cn-emWv

t£{X-Øns‚ Imcm◊ Ah-Imiw kn≤n-°p-∂-

Xv. ]≠sØ Hcp sX°pw-Iq¿ cmPmhv t£{X-

Øns‚ `c-W-®p-a-X-e-tb-ev]n® ]p∂-t»cn aqØ-

Xns‚ C∂sØ Xe-ap-d-bnse ]c-ta-iz-c≥ aqØ-

Xn-s\bpw ktlmZc≥ taml≥Ip-am-dn-s\bpw ASp-

Ø-dn-™-t∏mƒ Ct∏mgpw A∂sØ Xmt°m¬

kq£n-°p∂ Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-`m-h-ßsf H∏nsb-

Sp-°m≥ F\n°p Ign-™Xv Xncp-\-°-c-tØ-h-cpsS

A\p-{K-l-sam-∂p-sIm-≠p-am-{Xw. B Xncp-ap-‰-Øp-

\n-∂p-sIm≠v Hcn°¬°qSn P]n-°s´: "Hmw \a:

inhmb'.

s{]m^. sX°pw-Iq¿ tkma-h¿Ω- cmPm : Xr°m-°c `mc-X-amXm tImtf-Pn¬ ae-bmfw

hn`mKw ta[m-hn-bmbn Zo¿L-Imew tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn® {io tkma-h¿Ω- cmP, Ihnbpw

Fgp-Øp-Im-c-\p-am-Wv. ]pc-kvIm-c-ßƒ ]eXpw t\Snb Ihn-X-Iƒ B\p-Im-en-I-ß-fn¬

{]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v. {io. cmP sX°pw-Iq¿ cmP-IpSpw-_mw-K-am-Wv.

- 115 -


tIc - f -Ø n¬

{iocm-a-t£-{X-ßƒ

Xmc-X-tay\ Ipd-hm-

Wv. F∂m¬ tIc-f-

Ønse {iocma

t£{X-ßƒ Ncn-{X-]-

›m-Øew sIm≠pw,

s shh n - [ y - a m ¿∂

BNm-c-\n -jvT-I-sf-

sIm≠pw {it≤-bhpw

{]kn-≤-ß-fp-am-Wv.

Xncp-h-ßmSv {iocm-a-

t£-{Xw, Xncp-hn-ezm-

ae hnezm-{Zn-\m-Y-t£-

{Xw, IS-h-√q¿ {iocm-

a-t£-{Xw, cma-]pcw

{iocm-at£{Xw, Xr{]-

bm¿ {iocm-a-t£{Xw

F∂o t£{X-ßƒ

CXn¬ FSp-Øp-]-d-

tb-≠-h-bm-Wv. Xr{]-

bm¿ {iocm-a-kzman

t£{XsØ°pd n -

®mWv ChnsS {]Xn-

]m-Zn-°p-∂-Xv. Xriq-

cn¬ \n∂v Ccp-]Øn

A©p-Intem ao‰¿

sX°p-]-Sn-™m-dm-bmWv Cu t£{Xw ÿnXn-sN-

øp-∂-Xv. Kpcp-hm-bq-cn¬ \n∂pw, sImSp-ß-√q-cn¬

\n∂pw XØp-ey-amb Zqc-amWv Chn-sS-°p-≈-Xv.

Ing-°p-`m-KØv t£{X-Øns\ sXm´p-cp-Ωn-sbm-gp-

Ip∂ ]pg-bpsS t]cv ""Xo{hm-\Zn''sb∂mWs{X.

a’y-]p-cm-W-Øn-epw, tImI-k-tμ-i-Øn-ep-sams°

Cu ÿm\-sØ-°p-dn®v hnkvX-cn-®n- p-≈-Xmbn ]d-

bp-∂p. bm{Xm-ku-I-cy-Øn-\mbn sh´n-bp-≠m-°nb

It\men I\m¬ Cu \Zn-tbmSv tN¿∂p-t]m-b-Xp-

sIm≠v Ct∏mƒ ]ecpw It\men I\m¬

tImc-ºØv tKm]n-\m-Y≥

F∂mWv ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

F¥m-bmepw It\men

I\m¬ \n¿Ωn-°p-∂-

Xn\p hfsc apºp -

Xs∂ AhnsS t£{X-

hpw, t£{XsØ

sXm´p-cpΩn ]pg HgpIn-

bn-cp∂p F∂Xv \nkvX

¿°-am-Wv. hnkvXm-c-ta-

dnb t£{X-a-Xn¬°-I-

hpw, B\-∏-≈-a-Xn-epw,

a q ∂ p - h - i Ø p w

Kmw`ocyw hnfn-®-dn-bn-®p-

sIm -≠p -Xs∂ \ne-

\n¬°p-∂p. ]Sn-™mdv

tKm]p -chpw ]n∂oSv

]Wn-Xo¿Ø \S-∏p-c-I-

fpw, {]Z-£n-W-h-cnbpw

]pg-bv°-`n -ap -J-ambn

tKm]p -c -k-am -\ -amb

apt∏m-Sp-Iq-Snb \S-∏p-c-

bpw, henb _en-°-

√pw, AXn -s\mØ

_en -°¬ ]c-bpw,

h n k v X m - c - t a - d n b

hnf°pamS-hpw, A\p-_-

‘-amb \me-º-e-hpw,

at\m-l-c-amb Xncp-ap-

‰hpw, \a-kvIm-c-a-WvU-]-hpw, hnim-e-amb h´-{io-

tIm-hn-epw, Db¿∂ tkm]m-\-hpw F√mw tN¿∂v

Hcp \ncp-]a alm-t£-{X-am-sW∂v t£{X-h-kvXp-

Xs∂ hnfn-®-dn-bn-°p-∂p. {io`q-an-k-ta-X-\mb

NXp¿_m-lp -°-tfm -Sp -IqSnb alm-hn -jvWp-

hns‚XmWv {]Xn-jvT. iwJpw, N{I-hpw, tImZ-

WvU-hpw, A£-am-ebpw NXp¿_m-lp-°-fn¬

kv]jvS-ambn ImWmw. {ioe-I-Øns‚ sXs°

hiØv amXr-I-√n-\-`n-ap-J-ambn Z£n-Wm-aq¿Øn

Zbm-aq¿Øn-bmb Xr{]-bm-d-∏≥

""Cuimhmky-anZw k¿Δw''

- 117 -


k¶¬∏-Øn-ep≈ inh-enwK {]Xn-jvT-bp-≠v.

sX°p-]-Sn-™msd aqe-bn¬ CS-tØm v Xpºn-bpsS

A{Kw Xncn-®p-]n-Sn® KW-]Xn hn{K-l-hpw, Np‰-

º-e-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n®v {]Xn-jvTn-®n-´p-≠v. Np‰-º-

e-Øn-\pw, {]Z-£nW hgn°pw ]pd-Ømbn Ing-

t°m-´p-Xs∂ A`n-ap-J-ambn {]tXyI {ioe-IØv

imkvXm-hns‚ {]Xn-jvT-bpw, t£{Xhpw D≠v.

AXp-t]mse Xs∂ hS-°p-h-iØv tKm]m-e-

IrjvW {]Xn-jvTbpw D≠v. sIm®n≥ tZhkzw

t_m¿Uns‚ `c-W-Øn≥ Iogn-ep≈ {][m\

t£{X-ß-fn¬ H∂mWv Cu t£{Xw.

sFXnlyw AYhm tI´p-tIƒhn

t{XXm-bp-K-Ønse Ah-Xm-c-ssN-X-\y-ßsf

Zzm]-c-bp-K-Øn¬ {ioIr-jvW≥ Xs‚ cmP-[m-\n-

bn¬ h®v Bcm-[n-®n-cp-∂-Xm-bpw, K-hms‚ kz¿§m-

tcm-l-W-tØm-Sp-IqSn {]f-b-Øn¬ ZzmcI IS-en-

em-≠p-t]mbt∏mƒ Bgv∂p-t]mb Znhy-hn-{K-l-

ßƒ ao≥]n-Sn-°p-hm≥ t]mb ap°p-h¿°v In´p-I-

bpw, Ah A∂sØ \mSp-hm-gn-bm-bn-cp∂ hm°-

bn¬ ssIasf G¬∏n-®-XmbpamWv hnizm-kw.

Ien-bp-K-Øn¬ tam£-{]m-]vXn-°mbn `‡-P-\-

ßƒ FØn-t®-cp∂ Xr{]-bm-dn¬ {iocmahn{K-

lhpw, Ccn-ßm-e-°p-S-bn¬ `cXhn{K-l-hpw, aqgn-

°p-fØv e£vaWhn{K-l-hpw, ]mb-Ω-en¬

i{XpLv\hn{K-lhpw {]Xn-jvTn-®-Xm-sW∂pw

BWv tI´p-tIƒhn.

Xr{]-bm‰v tXhcv

{]m¥{]tZ-i-Øp≈ hnizm-kn-I-sf√mw

Ah-cpsS kt¥m-j-Øn -epw, ZpxJ-Ønepw

Htct]mse Dd-s°-hn-fn-°p∂ tZh-\m-a-amWv

""Fs‚ Xr{]-bm‰v tXhsc'' F∂-Xv. B hnfn-bn¬

Hcmdpw, XXv A\p-_-‘n-ÿn-X-\mb tZh\pw

kphy-‡-am-Ip-∂p. tZh≥ AYhm tZhcv BWv

]n∂oSv tXhcv BbXv F∂p-IqSn hy‡-am-Wv.

km[m-cW inh-{]-Xn-jvT-I-sf-bmWv tXhcv F∂p

hnfn-®p-t]m-cp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ ChnsS tXhcv

NXp¿_m-lp-°-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb {io`q-an-k-ta-X-\mb

sshjvWhcq]-Øn-em-Wv. Cu t£{X-Ønse

aW¬Øcn apX¬ Xmgn-I-°pSw hsc-bp≈ ka-

kvX-ß-fn-epw, l\p-am≥ km∂n-≤y-ap-s≠∂v hnizm-

khpw \ne-\n¬°p-∂p. NXp¿_m-lp-°-fn¬

iwJpw, N{I-hpw, A£-am-e-bpw, tImZ-WvUhpw

{]XnjvTm hn{K-l-Øn¬ kv]jvS-am-Wv. ssIbnse

tImZ-WvUhpw, l\p-aXv km∂n-≤yhpw Cu

sshjvWhcq]w {iocm-a-\m-sW∂v ka¿∞n-°m-

\m-hpw. Z£n-Wm-aq¿Øn {]Xn-jvTbpw ]n∂n¬

hnf°pw Hcp inh-t£-{X-Øns‚ BNm-c-\n-jvT-

Isf kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Xs∂-bp-a√ cmam-b-W-

Øn¬ HcnSØv {iocm-a≥ ]c-a-in-hs‚ Ah-Xm-c-

am-sW∂v {]Io¿Øn-°p-∂p-ap-≠t√m? _mlp-°-

fn¬ H∂n¬ [cn-®n-´p≈ A£-ame {_“m-hns‚

{]XoI hnti-j-ambn ImWmhp∂Xm-Wv. Npcp-°n-

∏-d-™m¬ krjvSn-˛-ÿn-Xn-˛-e-b-ß-fpsS ka-\z-b-

cq-]hpw ssNX-\y-hp-ambn \ncp-]-a-amb Cu {]Xn-

jvTsb ImWm-\m-Ip-sa∂v kmcw. AXp-sIm≠v

Xs∂-bm-bn-cn°mw \n›n-X-\m-a-Øn-\-∏pdw ""Xncp-

∏p-d-bm-dn-t\mSv'' tN¿∂n-cn-°p∂ tZhs\ ""Xr{]-

bm‰p tXhsc'' F∂v kakvX ka¿∏W kwt_m-

[-\-bmbn hnizm-kn-Iƒ hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. Cuizc

k¶¬∏sØ ""A\¥w'', ""A⁄m-Xw'', ""Ah¿Æ-

\obw'' Fs∂√mw {]Io¿Øn® Ihn a\- p-Ifpw

{_“-ØzsØ Nn¥\ hnNn-¥\Ifn-eqsS ""\ncm-

Imcw'', ""\n¿Δn-Iev]w'', ""\ncm-abw'' F∂p

ka¿∞n® Ejnt{]m‡-ßfpw km£m¬°-cn-°p-

amdv C∂pw hnizm-kn-I-fpsS a\- n¬ Cf-°-an-

√msX \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p ""Xr{]-bm‰p tXhcv'' F∂

AXpey tZh-ssN-X-\yw.

D]-tZh t£{X-ßƒ

tIc-f -Øn¬ sshjvWh{]Xn -jvT -Iƒ

Bcy≥am-cpsS hc-thm-sS-bmWv D≠m-b-sX∂mWv

Nne Ncn-{X-Im-c-∑m¿ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. ae-bmf

\mSns‚ Hcp `mKØv henb ae-\n-c-I-fpw, adp-`m-

KØv kap-{Z-hpam-Wt√m? kap-{ZsØ Af-sa∂pw

hnfn-°m-dp-≠v. ae-Iƒ°pw Af-ßƒ°pw CS-bn-

ep≈ {]tZ-i-Øn\v ae-bmfw F∂v hnfn-t∏-cp-≠m-

bXv kzm`m-hn-Iw. ae-bm-f-\m-´n¬ c≠v tZh-Xm-k-

¶ev]ß-em-Wv BZn-]p-cm-X-\-Im-eØv Bcm-[y-am-

bn-cp-∂-Xv. H∂v tXhn-˛-A-Yhm tZhn F∂ k¶-

ev]hpw, as‰m∂v NmØmhv AYhm imkvXmhv

F∂ k¶¬]-hpw. ae-tbm-c-hpw, ae-ap-Ifpw Bcm-

[-\m-e-b-ßƒ°mbn D]-tbm-Kn-®p-h-∂p. Pemib

kao-]-ßfpw ]pg-tbm-c-ßfpw AXp-t]mse Xs∂

Bcm-[-\m-ÿm-\-ßƒ°mbn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂p.

- 119 -


AØ-c-Øn¬ BZn-a-Im-eØv Chn-sSbpw Bcm-[n-

®n-cp-∂-Xv imkvXm-hn-s\-bmWv F∂v s]mXpsh

Hcp hnizm-k-ap-≠v. AXn\v ]n≥_-e-ta-Im≥ Bdm-

´p-]p-g-bn¬ \S-°p∂ {]i-kvX-hpw, AXn-]p-cm-X-

\-hp-amb ]qcw Xs∂-bm-Wv. AhnsS ]s¶-Sp-°p∂

tZh-k-¶-ev]-ß-sf√mw tZhn-am-cpw, imkvXm-°-∑m-

cp-am-Wv. (Xr-{]-bm¿ tXh-sc∂ Cu sshjvWh

ssNX-\y-sam-gn -sI) Xr{]-bm-dn¬ sshjvW

{]XnjvT \S-°p-∂-Xn-\p-apºv Hcp]t£ imkvXm-

hns\ Bbn-cpt∂m Bdm-´p-]p-g-bn-te°p Fgp-∂-

≈n-®n-cp-∂-Xv F∂pw Nn¥n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. F¥m-

bmepw \ne-hn-ep≈ {][m\ {]Xn-jvT°p ap≥]p-

Xs∂ imkvXm-hns‚ t£{Xw \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p-

sh∂ hnizm-k-Øn-\mWv Gsd _ew.

aXn¬°-I-Øp≈ as‰mcp t£{Xw tKm]m-

e-Ir -jvW-s‚-Xm-Wv. (tKm-im -e-Ir -

jvW≥). ""tImI-k-tμ-i-Øn¬'' Xr{]-

bm¿ t£{X-Ønse {]Xn -jvTsb

""Iwkm-¥-Is‚ Bhm-k-tI{μw''

F∂mWv hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Xo¿®-

bmbpw sshjvWh {]XnjvT tIc-f-

Øn¬ km[m-c-W-ambn \S∂ kml-N-

cy-Øn¬ AhnsS BZyw D≠m-bXv Cu

tKm]m-e-IrjvW t£{X-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v

tImI-k-tμ-i -Ønse Cu ]cm -

a¿iØn¬ \n∂pw Duln-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-

∂p. Npcp-°n-∏-d-™m¬ D]-tZ-h-Xm-ÿm-

\Øv Bcm-[n-®p-t]m-cp∂ imkvXm-hpw,

tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW\pw ]q¿Δ-ÿn-X-cm-

sW∂v [cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

l\p-am-\pw, NmØ\pw

l\p-am≥ km∂n≤yw Cu t£{X-

kt¶-X-Øn¬ aW¬Øcn apX¬ Xmgn-

I-°pSw hsc F√m-‰nepw \nd-™p-

\n¬°p∂p F¶nepw \a-kvImc aWvU-

]-Øn¬ kZm P]-Øn-\mbn Ccn-°p∂p

F∂mWv hnizm-kw. `K-h-XvZ¿i-\-Øn-

s\-Øp∂ `‡-∑m¿ _en-°¬]pc-bn-

eqsS Z¿i-\-Øn-\mbn AI-tØ°p

{]th-in-°p-tºmƒ {ioe-I-{]-Z-£n-W-

tØm-sSm∏w aWvU-]hpw henb _en-

°√pw tN¿Øv {]Z-£nWw hbv°p-∂-XmWv k{º-

Zm-bw. {ioe-I-Øn\pw aWvU-]-Øn\pw CS-

bn¬°qSn {]tXyI ka-b-ß-fn¬ hne-ßmbn IS-

∂p-t]m-Im≥ ]mSn√ F∂v \njvI¿j-bp-≠v. ap≥Im-

eØv _en-°√v Cf-In-bn-cp-∂-Xmbpw, {io \m-dm-

WØp {`m¥s‚ \n¿t±-im-\p-k-cWw sNbvX Dd-

∏n-°-en-emWv AXns‚ Cf°w Xo¿∂-sX∂pw]d-

b-s∏-Sp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ChnsS tXh-sc-

bpw, _en-°-√n-s\bpw hμn-°p-∂p≠v F∂p-km-

cw. l\p-ams‚ thj-a-Wn™v \S-Øp∂ AwKp-

en-bm¶w IqØv aWvU-]-Øn-emWv \S-°p-∂-Xv. Np‰-

º-e-Øns‚ hmXn¬amS-Øn¬ h®m-bn-cp-∂s{X

BZyw IqØv \S-∂n-cp-∂-Xv. IqØv ImWm\pw

tIƒ°m\pw Bcpw C√mØ Ah-ÿ-bn¬ hnj-

Æ-\mb NmIym-tcmSv ""Fs‚ ap∂n¬h∂v IqØv

\S-Øn-s°m-≈m\pw F\n°v ImW-W-sa∂pw''

- 121 -


Acp-f]m-Sp-≠mbn F∂pw ]d-bp-∂p. F¥m-bmepw

kZm-\m-a-P-]-\n-c-X-\mbn \ncm-Im-c- m-h-Øn¬ l\p-

a¬ssNX\yw aWvU-]-Øn-ep-≠v F∂mWv hniz-

kn-®p-h-cp-∂-Xv.

Xr{]-bm¿ t£{X-Øn¬ NmØ≥kzman-bpsS

km∂n≤yw Gsd {]kn-≤-am-Wv. _m[m-Zn-tZmj

]cn-lm-c-Øn\v \n¿t±-in-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw Xr{]-bm¿

t£{X-Øn¬ `WvUm-c-Øn¬ ka¿∏n-°m-\m-Wv.

{iotIm-hn-en\v tN¿∂v tkm]m-\-Øns‚ kao-]-

Øp≈ `WvUm-c-Øn¬ _m[m-Zn-Iƒ°v ]cn-lm-c-

ambn `‡-P-\-ßƒ {Zhy-k-a¿∏Ww \S-Øn-h-cp-

∂Xv ]Xn-hm-Wv. ]pd-Øp≈ Ah-Wn-b-ßm v Ifcn

XpS-ßnb NmØ≥ k¶-ev]-ap≈ hnjvWp-amb

t£{X-ß-fn¬ tImacwshfn-s]-Sp-∂-Xv Xr{]-bm¿

t£{X-Ønse D®-]qP Ign™v \S-b-S-®-Xn-\p-ti-

j-amWv F∂Xv Gsd {it≤-b-am-Wv. `K-hms‚

\S Xpd-∂n-cn-°p∂ kμ¿ -ß-fn-se√mw NmØs‚

km∂n≤yw Xr{]-bm¿ t£{X-Øn-emWv F∂v

hniz-kn-®p- t]m-cp-∂p.

\nXy-\n-Zm-\-ßfpw hnti-j-ßfpw

Hcp alm-t£-{X-Øns‚ F√m BNm-c-\n-jvT-

I-fpw Xr{]-bm¿ t£{X-Øn-ep-≠v. A©p-]q-P-I-

fpw, aq∂p-io-th-en-bpw, \h-I-hpw, kmbw-k-‘y-

°p≈ Zo]m-cm-[-\bpw Nn´-{]-Imcw \S-°p∂

k∂n-[n-bm-Wn-Xv. ImesØ ioth-en°pw cm{Xn

AØmgioth-en°pw B\-∏p-dØv XnSºv Fgp-s∂-

≈n-°-W-sa∂v Nn´-bm-Wv. Nnß-Ønse Xncp-thm-

W-Øn-\pw, taS hnjp-hn-\pw, {]Xn-jvTm-Zn-\-Øn\pw

hnti-jm¬ Fgp-s∂-≈n-∏p-≠v. {]Xn-jvTm-Zn-\-tØm-

S-\p-_-‘n®v {Zhy-I-e-ihpw \S-∂p-h-cp-∂p-≠v. I∂n-

am-k-Ønse Xncp-thmWw \mfn¬ sNΩm-∏n≈n

{]tZ-iØv {iocm-a≥ Nnd-sI´v F∂ NS-ßp-≠v.

At∂ Znhkw t£{X-Ønse AØm-g-]qP apX-

em-bh k‘y-tbm-S-\p-_-‘n®v \SØn \S-b-S-

bv°pw. Irjn Bh-iy-Øn-\m-bp≈ Pew kw`-cn-

°p-∂ Nnd-sI- n\v K-hms‚ km∂n-≤y-ap-≠m-hp∂p

F∂mWv hnizm-kw.

hr›nIamk-Ønse IrjvW-]-£-Ønse

GIm-Z-in-bmWv {]kn-≤-amb Xr{]-bm¿ GIm-Z-

in. GIm-Z-in-tbm-S-\p-_-‘n®v ‡-P-\-ß-fpsS hgn-

]m-Smbn Hcp amk-tØmfw \o≠p-\n¬°p∂ \nd-

am-e-I-fpw, Iem-kmw-kv°m-cnI BtLm-j-ßfpw

\S-∂p-h-cp-∂p-≠v. Xm{¥nI NS-ßp-Iƒ \han

Znhkw D®-Xn-cn™v ip≤n-tbmsS Bcw-`n-°pw.

Zian Znhkw D®-Xn-cn™v imkvXm-hn-s\-bm-Wv

BZyw ]pd-tØ°v Fgp-s∂-≈n-°p-I. ]©-hm-Zyw,

tafw, F∂n-h-°p-tijw imkvXm-hns\ k‘y-

tbmsS Xncn®v Fgp-s∂-≈n-°pw. XpS¿∂v Zi-an-

the sImń-bn-d-°¬ F∂ Nßm-Wv. the sImń-

b-dn-bn-®-Xn-\p-tijw ho≠pw Zi-an-the°mbn

imkvXm-hns\ Fgp-∂-≈n-°p-I-bpw, XpS¿∂v

imkvXm-hn-t\m-sSm∏w tXh-sc-bpw-Iqń Fgp-s∂-

≈n-°pw. the-°p-tijw imkvXm-hn-s\-bpw, tXh-

scbpw {ioe-I-ß-fn-te°v Xncn®v Fgp-s∂-≈n-°pw.

cm{Xn ]Xn-s\m-∂p-a-Wn-tbmsS ho≠pw tXhsc

kz¿Æ-tIm-e-Øn¬ Zian hnf-°n-s\-gp-∂-≈n-°pw.

hnf-°n-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®v tafw Ign-™m¬ {ioe-

I-tØ°v Xncn®v Fgp-∂-≈n-°p-∂-tXmsS Zi-an-

bpsS NS-ßp-Iƒ ]q¿Æ-am-Ipw. GIm-Zin Znhkw

\n¿Ωmey Z¿i-\w, Dj-]q-P, cmhn-esØ ]qP,

]¥o-cSn ]qP F∂n-h-°p-tijw ioth-en°v Fgp-

∂-≈n-°pw. ImesØ ioth-en°v ]©m-cn-ta-f-am-

Wv. {]ikvX Iem-Im-c-∑mcpw, anI-hp‰ B\-Ifpw

]s¶-Sp-°m-dp-≠v. iothen Ign™v Xncn-s®-gp-∂-

≈n-®m¬ \nXyX NS-ßp-Iƒ°p-tijw sshIp-

t∂cw aq∂p-a-Wn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv ImgvN-io-th-

en°v Fgp-∂-≈n-°p-I. {[phw taf-amWv Cu ioth-

en-°v. ImgvNioth-en-°p-tijw Xncn-s®-gp-∂-≈n∏v

Ign-™mWv Zo]m-cm-[-\. cm{Xn AØmg]qP-°p-

tijw GIm-Zin hnf-°n-s\-gp-∂-≈n-°pw. B ka-

bØv aXn-ev°-IØv Fgp-∂-≈n-®p-\n¬°p∂ `K-

hms‚ ap∂n¬ ""ImWn-°-bn´p sXmg¬'' hfsc

{][m-\-ambn BN-cn®p hcp-∂p. tafw, ]©-hmZyw

F∂nh Ign™v shfp-∏n-\mWv {ioe-I-tØ°v Fgp-

∂-≈n-°p∂Xv. ZzmZin Znhkw ]pe¿s® hmXn¬

amS-Øn¬ ZzmZin ]Ww hbv°pI F∂ NS-ßp-

≠v. ZzmZin ka¿∏Ww kzoI-cn-°m≥ thZ-⁄-

cmb {_m“-W-cpsS km∂n≤yw AhnsS D≠m-

Im-dp-≠v.

ao\-am-k-Ønse aI-bncw apX¬ D{Xw IqSn-

bp≈ Znh-k-ß-fmWv ]qc-ambn BN-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

tcmlnWn Znhkw D®-Xn-cn™v CtXm-S-\p-_-‘n®v

ip≤n-Iƒ Bcw-`n-°pw. aI-bncw ]pd-∏m-Sn\p≈

- 123 -


aplq¿Øw ap≥t]-Xs∂ tZisØ tPm’y-\n¬

\n∂pw Ipdn-®p-hm-ßn-bn-cn-°pw. I¿°n-SIw cmin-

bmWv ]pd-∏m-Sn-\mbn \n›-bn-°p-I. t£{X-Øns‚

Ducm◊ ÿm\n-I-fmb ⁄m\-∏n-≈n, ]p∂-∏n-≈n,

tNeq¿ F∂o a\-I-fnse Imc-W-h≥am¿ Ipfn®p

h∂v t£{Xw {]Z-£nWw h®v aWvU-]-Øn-en-

cp∂v ta¬im-¥n°v A\p⁄ \¬In-b-Xn-\p-ti-

j-amWv ]pd-∏m-Sn\v Fgp-∂-≈n-°m-\p≈ hnf-°p-

h-bv°p-I. XpS¿∂v ]mWn-sIm´n {ioe-I-Øp-\n∂pw

aWvU-]-Øn-te°v Fgp-∂-≈n®v hbv°pw. Cu Fgp-

s∂-≈n∏v hbv°p-∂-Xn-\mWv \n›n-X-ap-lq¿Øw

Nm¿Øp-∂-Xv. XpS¿∂v {_m“-Wn-]m-´pw, aWvU-

]-Øn¬ ]dbpw. AXn-\p-ti-j-amWv kz¿Æ-tIm-

e-Øn¬ XnSºv B\-∏p-dØv Fgp-∂-≈n-°p-∂-Xv.

]Sn-™msd tKm]pcw hgn IS∂v A©m-\-I-tfmsS

tkXp-Ip-f-Øn-se-Øn-bmWv aI-bncw Bdm- v. Bdm-

´n-\p-tijw ]m≠n-ta-f-tØmsS k‘y-°p-ap≥]v

{]th-in-°-W-sa-∂mWv Nn´. Im´q¿]qcw, Ipd-

°≥Ipfw, Bdm- v, sh∂n-°¬ Bdm v, C√-ß-fn¬

]qcw F∂nh ]Sn-™msd Ic-bnse hnhn[ ÿe-

ß-fn-emWv. A©mw \mƒ Ings° Ic-bn-te°v

Fgp-∂-≈n-°pw. ]≈n-tbm-S-Øn-emWv tImew Fgp-

∂-≈n-®p-h-bv°p-I. Xrt°m¬ im¥n-°m-c-\mWv

]≈n-tbmSw Xpg-bp-I. ]pg-bpsS Ccp-I-c-Ifn¬

\n∂pw ASn-b-¥ncw amcm-∑m¿ H∂nS-hn´v iwJv

hnfn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw. Ings°°c-bnse Cu `K-

hms\ B\-∏p-d-tØ‰n B Znhkw Ducm-◊-°m-

cpsS C√-ß-fn-te°pw, Ip´≥Ipfw Bdm- n-\p-amWv

Fgp-∂-≈n-∏v. ASpØ Znhkw D®-tbm-sS-bmWv

t£{X-Øn-te°v Xncn®v Fgp-∂-≈n-s®-Øp-I.

sshIp-t∂cw ho≠pw X{¥n C√-tØ°v Fgp-∂-

≈n-®p-t]m-Ipw. F√m Znh-khpw D®-tbm-sS-bmWv

t£{X-Øn-te°v Xncn-s®-gp-∂-≈p-I. A∂p sshIp-

t∂cw Zo]m-cm-[-\-s°m-∏w Xs∂ AØm-g-]q-P-

bpw, AØmgioth-enbpw Ign-™-ti-j-amWv Bdm-

´p-]pg Fgp-∂-≈n-∏n-\mbn ]pd-s∏-Sp-I. ]≈n-tbm-

S-Øn¬ G‰n Ings° Ic-bn-seØn B\-∏p-dØv

XnS -tº‰n ]pd -s∏ -Sp -tºmƒ t]meo -kns‚

Km¿Uv Hm v HmW¿ AS-°-ap≈ Hu]-Nm-cnI BZ-

c-ß-fp-ap-≠m-Ipw. AI-º-Sn-°m-cpw, hnhn[ hmZy-

tLm-j-ß-fp-ambn \oßp∂ Fgps∂-≈n∏v Nnd-

°¬ F∂ ÿeØv, hgn-tbm-cØv Xo¿°p∂

Xm¬°m-enI aWvU-]-Øn¬ Cd°n Fgp-∂-≈n-

°pw. Ahn-sS-\n∂pw B\sb am‰n as‰m-cm-\sb

]pXnb Na-b-ß-f-Wn-bn®v AXns‚ ]pd-ØmWv

Fgp-∂-≈n®p \oßp-I. sImSp-ß-√q¿, Xriq¿

tdmUp-ambn _‘n-°p∂ hgn-bn¬ Icp-a-∂q¿ F∂

ÿe-Øp-sh®v s]m≥tIm-e-Øn\v aIpSw Nm¿Øn

- 125 -


]´p-IpS ]nSn-°pw. AXp-hsc Hme-°p-S-bmWv B\-

∏p-dØp ]nSn-°p-I. ]√n-t»cn F∂ ÿe-sØ-

Øp-tºmƒ \mev B\-IƒIqSn AI-º-Sn-°p-tN-cpw.

Ahn-sS-\n∂pw ]©-hm-Zy-tØm-Sp-IqSn Fgp-∂-≈n®v

\oßp∂ tXhcv tNmXn-\-£{Xw D®-ÿ-am-hp-

tºmƒ, AXm-bXv Dt±iw ]pe¿s® aq∂p-a-Wn-

tbm-Sq-IqSn, ssIXhf∏v F∂ ÿm\Øv FØpw.

AhnsS tXh-sc-Øp-tºmƒ IXn-\-sh-Sn-Iƒ apg-

ßpw. Cu ka-b-ØmWv Duc-Iw, tN¿∏v t£{X-

ß-fn¬ \n∂v tZhn-amsc Fgp-∂-≈n®v ]pd-s∏Smdp-

≈-Xv. CS-Xp- m-KØv Duc-I-Ø-Ω-Xn-cp-h-Snbpw, he-

Xp-`m-KØv tN¿∏n¬ K-h-Xn-bp-ambn Iq´n Fgp-∂-

≈n-°p-∂-XmWv {]ivX-amb Bdm- p-]pg ]qc-Øns‚

]c-a-{]-[m-\hpw `‡n-km-{μ-hp-amb NSßv. Bdm-

´p-]pg aμmcw IS-hnse Bdm- pw, imkvXm-hp-ambn

D]-Nmcw (Hm-Nm-cw) \¬In ]ncn-bepw Gsd lrZy-

am-Wv. ASpØ h¿j-sØ-∏qcw B ka-b-ØmWv

hnfn-®-dn-bn-°p-I. Xncn-s®-gp-∂-≈p∂ tXhcv Nnd-

°¬ sh≠vd-t»cn inh t£{X-Øn¬ \´p-®-tbm-

sS-bmWv FØn-t®-cp-I. Fgp-∂-≈n-∏ns\ A\p-K-

an-°p∂ F√m-h¿°pw AhnsS tZh-kzw- hI I™n-

bpw, ]pgp-°pw, sh∂n-bp-sams° Hcp°n-bn-cn-°pw.

AhnsS \n∂pw Fgp-∂-≈n-®p-t]m-cp∂ tXhcv

sshIp-t∂-c-tØmsS t£{X-Øn-te°v Xncn®v Fgp-

∂≈pw. A∂p cm{Xn Ggp aWn-°p-X-s∂ D{Xw

hnf-°n\v ho≠pw Fgp-∂-≈n-°pw. aI-bncw ]pd-∏m-

Sn\v XØp-ey-amb NS-ßp-I-fmWv Cu Znh-k-hpw.

A©m-\-I-tfmsS ]Sn-™msd tKm]p-c-Øn\p ]pd-

Øp-I-S-°p∂ tXhsc ]©-hm-Zy-Øns‚ AI-º-Sn-

tbmsS tkXp-Ip-f-Øn-seØn Bdm- n-\p-tijw taf-

tØmsS t£{XaXn¬°-I-tØ°p Fgp-∂-≈n-°pw.

aXn¬°-IØv Ggm-\-I-tfmsSbp≈ hnf-°ns‚ NS-

ßp-I-fm-Wv. hnf-°m-Nm-cw- sIm´n∏mSn tkh,

CSbv°m {]Z-£nWw F∂n-ßs\ XpS-ßp∂ NS-

ßp-Iƒ°p-tijw {ioe-I-tØ°v Xncn-s®-gp-∂-≈p-

∂-tXm-sS-bmWv ]qc-Øns‚ NS-ßp-Iƒ ]q¿Æam-

Ip-∂-Xv.

taS-am-k-Ønse ]pW¿Xw \£-{X-amWv

Ct∏mƒ {]Xn-jvTm-Zn-\-ambn BN-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]¥o-

cm-≠p-Iƒ ap≥]p-\-S∂ \ho-I-cWIe-isØ

Bkv]-Z-s∏-Sp-Øn-bmWv {]Xn-jvTm-Zn\w Ct∏mƒ

BN-cn-®p-t]m-cp-∂-Xv. ip≤n, {Zhy-I-e-iw, Fgp-∂-

≈n -∏ v , \nd -ame F∂n -ß-s\-bmWv {]Xn -

jvTmZn\mNcWw \S-°p-∂-Xv.

I¿°n-SI amk-Øn-emWv \nd-bpw, ]pØ-cn-

bpw, CXn-\p≈ aplq¿Ø-ßfpw tZisØ tPm’y-

\mWv Ipdn-°p-I.

- 127 -


hgn-]mSv

ChnsS G‰hpw {][m\w shSn hgn-]m-Sm-Wv. Ahn¬, ]mbkw F∂n-hbpw If`wNm¿Øpwao∂p-´p-sams° {]m[m-\y-ap≈ hgn-]m-Sp-I-fm-Wv.Ahn¬ \nthZyw l\p-am-\p≈ ka¿∏WambmWvhniz-kn-®p-t]m-cp-∂-Xv. \nb-a-shSn F∂ {]tXy-I-am-sbmcp k{º-Zmbw Xs∂ ChnsS D≠v. shfp-∏n\v aq∂paWn°pw kmbw-k-‘y-°p-amWv \nb-a-sh-Sn-Iƒ. CXn-\mbn hen--∏-ta-dnb IXn-\-IƒXs∂ D≠v. ]g-b-Im-eØv aZn-cmin kwÿm-\-Øns‚ `mK-am-bn-cp∂ ae-_m¿ {]tZ-iØv shSn-acp∂v Dev]m-Zn-∏n-°m-\p≈ X\Xp ssek≥kp-t]mepw Xr{]-bm¿ tZh-kz-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.Hcn°¬ Xr{]-bm¿ kμ¿i-\-Øn-s\-Ønb Hcpkmbv∏v s]Sp-∂s\ s]mńb shSn-bpsS i_vZwtI´v sR´p-Ibpw B IXn-\-Iƒ FSpØp sh≈-Øn-en-Sm≥ B⁄m-]n-®-Xm-bpw, sh≈-Øn¬ InS-∂p-s]m-ń-b IXn\ Xncn®p Ic-bn-te°p sXdn-®p-ho-W-Xmbpw Hcp \m´p-I-Y-bp-≠v. ap≥Im-eØpshSn-bq´p apX¬]nSn Fs∂mcp XkvXnI Xs∂tZh-kz-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. cm{Xnbpw ]IepwGXp ka-bØpw shSn-h-gn-]m-Sn-\mbn `‡¿h∂m¬ \S-Øn-s°m-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\v shSn-bq´papX¬]nSn- t£-{X-Øn¬ Xs∂ Xma-kn-°-W-sa∂v\n¿_-‘-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp shSn-h-bv]p-Im-c\pwkZm-k-abw t£{X-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. shSn hgn-]mSphgn-h-cp∂ hcp-am-\-Øns‚ an®w-sIm≠vt£{X-Øn¬ \ntXy\ Du´p-\-S-Øm\pw A∂v

kwhn-[m-\-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂-s{X. GXp ZpxJ-Ønepw

AXp-t]mse Xs∂ kt¥m-j-Ønepw {]m¿∞-

\m-]q¿Δw ka¿∏n-°p-∂-XmWv Xr{]-bm¿ t£{X-

Ønse shSnhgn-]m-Sv.

kwt£]w

\ΩpsS t£{X-ß-fn¬ D≈Xv sshhn-[y-

am¿∂ BNm-c-ß-fpw, A\p-jvTm-\-ßfpamWv. Gsd

{i≤m-]q¿Δw ho£n-®m¬ IuXp-I-ap-W¿Øp∂

Cu \njvT-I-fn¬ ]c-a-amb H∂p ImWm≥ \ap°v

Ign-bpw. CsX√mw \∑-bpsS am¿§-ß-fm-Wv.

ChnsS ka¿∏-W-amWv apJy-amb hnj-bw. a\-

p-sIm-≠v, hb- p-sIm-≠v, I¿Ωw-sIm≠v, _p≤n-

sIm≠v k¿Δhpw ka¿∏n-°m-\p≈ Hcp Xzc

ChnsS ImWmw. IdpI]p√p apX¬ Im©\w hsc-

bp≈ {]Ir-Xn-ZØ hn`-h-ß-fn¬ Bhm-ln-s®-Sp-

°p∂ ssNX-\ysØ X∂n-te-°pw, XZzmc hn{K-

l-Øn-te-°p-ambn Cuizc {]Xo-I-ambn {]Xn-jvTn-

°p-tºmƒ \mw a\- n-em-t°-≠-Xv H∂mWv. {]Ir-

Xn-bmWv Cuiz-c-s\∂ kXyw. ChnsS \mw B¿P-

Pn-°p∂ ku`m-Ky-ßsfm∂pwXs∂ \Ωp-sS-X-√.

kzbw Pohn-°p-Ibpw AtXm-sSm∏w a‰p≈ ka-

kvX-ß-sfbpw Pohn-°m-\pw, \ne-\n¬°m\pw

A\p-h-Zn-°p-Ibpw sNø-Ww. kvt\l-`m-hhpw

ka¿∏W a\- p-amWv a\p-jy-\p-≠m-tI-≠-Xv.

AXmIWw \ΩpsS Cuiz-cm-cm-[-\. AXmWv D]-

\n-j-Øp-°-fpw, thZ-ßfpw \tΩmSv ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

""Cuimhm-ky-anZw k¿Δw''

""CZw \ aa''

tImc-ºØv tKm]n-\m-Y≥ : sIm®n≥ tZhkzw t_m¿Unse Hmô-k-dmbn 15 sIm√-tØmfw

Xr{]-bm¿ {iocm-a-kzman t£{X-Øn¬ tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-®n-´p-≠v. 22 h¿j-ßƒ°v ap≥]v

IS-h-√q¿ At\ym\w ]p\-cm-cw-`n-®-Xn\v At\ym\ ]cn-jXv ""thZ-_‘p'' ]pc-kv°mcw \¬In

BZ-cn-®n-´p-≠v. Ct∏mƒ s]cp-h\w kwkvIrXn t£{Xw F∂ IemkmwkvIm-cnI tI{μ-Øns‚

{]kn-U‚m-Wv. DucIØv IpSpw-_-tØm-sSm∏w ÿnc-Xm-a-kw.1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567812345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456781234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567812345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456781234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567812345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456781234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567812345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456781234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567812345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456781234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567812345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456781234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567812345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678

t£{X \ho-I-cW b⁄ ]¶m-fnØ ê-{ipXn

t£{X \n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ [\-k-a¿∏Ww \S-Øn-bm¬Ign™ Ggv P∑-ß-fn-tebpw hcp∂ Ggp-P-∑-ß-fn-tebpw ]m]w C√m-Xm-Ip-sa∂v sshjvWh kwln-X-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂p.

- 129 -


DXv°¿j-Øn-te-°p≈ {]bm-W-amWv D’-

hw. t£{X-am-Ip∂ ]m{X-Øn¬ Xm{¥nI Xm{¥n-

tI-Xc {Inb-I-fm¬ ]q¿Æ-X-bp-≠m°n ssNX-\y-

Øm¬\n-d-°p-∂-XmWv t£t{Xm-’-hw. `mc-X-

Ønse Ejo-iz-c-∑m¿ km[m-c-W-°m¿°mbn sXc-

s™-SpØ B≤ym-flnI ]≤-Xn-

bm-Wn-Xv. Ccn-ßm-e-°p-S-bpsS

kwkvIr-X-Øn-ep≈ \ma-amWv

kwK-a-{Km-aw. h\-hm-k-a-\p-jvTn-

°p∂ {iocm-as‚ A\p-P≥ `c-

X≥ ]mZp-I-]qP sNbvXv \μn-{Km-

a-Øn¬ k∂ym-k-Xp-ey-amb

PohnXw \bn-°p-∂Xv cmam-b-W-

Øn¬ h¿Æn-®n-´p-≠t√m? B

\μn-{Km-a-amWv Cc-ßm-e-°p-S-

sb∂pw kwK-a-{Km-a -sa∂pw

kwK-ta-i- q-an-sb∂pw Adn-b-s∏-

Sp-∂-Xv. tIc-f-Ønse ]Øv ]≤-

Xn-t£-{X-ß-fmb hnjvWp-t£-

{X-ß-fn¬ F¥p-sIm≠v t\m°n-

bmepw {]ap-J-ÿm\w Ae-¶-cn-

°p∂ {ioIp -S¬am -WnIy

t£{Xw tIc-f-Øns‚ Xne-I-

°p-dn-bm-Wv. 14 h¿jsØ h\-

hm-k-Øn-\p-tijw Xncn®ph-tc≠ tPyjvTs\

ImWm™v A·n-{]-th-i-Øn-s\m-cp-ßp∂ c-X≥

{iocm-as‚ BK-a\ hm¿Ø l\p-am-\m¬ Adn™v

k¥pjvSNnØ-\mbn hncm-Pn-°p∂ Ah-ÿ-bmWv

Chn-SpsØ tZh-{]-Xn-jvT.

sIm√-h¿jw 941-˛¬ sIm®n-cmPyw `cn-®n-

cp∂ i‡≥ Xºp-cm -\mWv C∂p-Im-Wp∂

IqS¬amWnIyw D’hw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-Sp-Ø-

sX∂v {]ikvX kmln-Xy-Im-c-\mb ]ptØ-g-Øp-

cm-a≥ tat\m≥ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. {]mNo\

tIc-f-Ønse 32 alm-{Km-a-ß-fn¬ H∂mb Cc-ßm-

e-°p-S-bnse Cu alm-t£{Xw AXn-hn-im-e-amb

aXn¬°-Ihpw, Kwò-c-ß-fmb 2 \me-º-e-ßfpw,

C.-sI. tIi-h≥ \ºq-Xncn

`c-tXm-’hwhenb _en-°¬]p-cbpw, 2 \ne-bn¬ hrØm-Im-

c-Øn-ep≈ _rl-Ømb {iotIm-hnepw, hnkvXr-

X-amb aÜ-]hpw, 2 hnim-e-amb \S-∏p-c-Ifpw

\mSy-e-£-W-samØ IqØ-º-ehpw Dƒs°m-≈p-

∂p. ]tØ-°-dn-te-sd-bp≈ t£{X-`q-an-bn¬ aq∂n-

sem∂v `mKØv ÿnXn-sN-

øp∂ Iqeo-]n\n Xo¿∞-°p-f-

Øn¬ \n∂mWv t£{Xm-h-iy-

ßƒ°p≈ Pew FSp-°p-∂-

Xv. \mep-ssI-Ifpw he-Xp-I-

øn¬ tImZ-WvUphpw, c≠m-

asØ he-Xp-I-øn¬ A`-b-ap-

{Zm-¶n-Xhpw Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn®v

CS-Xp-I-øn¬ N{Ihpw XpS-

tbmSv tN¿Øp-sh-®n-cn-°p-∂-

Xn¬ iwJpw, ]ns∂ ac-X-I-

∏-X-°hpw s]m≥am-e-Ifpw

AWn™ ico-chpw, PSm-`m-

c-Øn\v apI-fn-eqsS AWn-

™n-cn -°p∂ Xma -c -

amebpambn-´mWv BdSn Db-

c-ap≈ IqS¬am-Wn-Iy-kzm-an-

bpsS inem-hn-{K-lw. D]-tZ-h-

X-I-fn -√mØ Cu t£{X-

Øn¬ Xma-c-bpw sX®nbpw Xpf-kn-bpamWv

]qPm]pjv]ßƒ. AòjvS-kn-≤n°v Xma-c-am-ebpw

DZ-c-tcm-K-Øn\v hgp-X-\ßm \nth-Zyhpw ChnsS

{][m-\-a-s{X. Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ cmPm-hns‚ {]Xn-

]p-cp-j-\mb X®p-S-b-ssI-a-fm-bn-cp∂p. Ime-ß-

tfmfw IqS¬am-WnIyw tZh-kz-Øns‚ `c-Wm-[n-

Im-cn-bm-bn-cp-∂-Xv.

`c-tXm-’hw

IqS¬am -WnIyw t£t{Xm -’-h-Øn\v

sshhn-[y-ap-≈Xpw {Inbm-k-ºp-jvS-hp-amb Ht´sd

Xm{¥nI NS-ßp-I-fm-Wp-≈-Xv. ]≤Xn t£{X-ß-

fn¬ {]map-Jy-ap-≈-Xp-sIm≠pw tIc-f-Ønse


- 130 -

Xm{¥nI IpSpw-_-ß-fpsS BZn-cq-]-sa∂v hnti-

jn-∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xp-amb "Xc-W-s\-√q¿' IpSpw-_-

Øns‚ tI{μ-am-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-cn°mw Cu khn-

ti-j-X-Iƒ. 6 X{¥n IpSpw-_-ßƒ°mWv IqS¬am-

Wn-Iy-Ønse X{¥-Øn-\-h-Im-iw. shfp-tØ-SØv

]Sn-™msd a\, s\Sp-ºn-≈n, sX°n-\n-b-Øv, InS-

ß-t»cn XpS-ßnb Xc-W-s\-√q¿ hn`mK-hpw,

AWn-aw-K-ew, \K-c-aÆv XpS-ßn-b-h¿°pw taS-am-

k-Ønse D{Xw \mfn¬ sImSn-I-bdn Xncp-thmWw

Bdm-´mbn 11 Znh-ksØ D’-h-amWv IqS¬am-

WnIyw t£{X-Øn¬ \S-°p-∂-Xv.

B\-s∏-cp-a-bp-sS D’hw

sImSn-tb-‰-Øns‚ ]nt‰∂v D®-sXm´v Xe-

s∏m-°-ap≈ KP-ho-c-∑m¿ Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cmbn Ccn-

ßm-e-°p-S-bn-se-Øn-Xp-S-ßp-∂Xv Xs∂ at\m-l-

c-amb ImgvN-bm-Wv. Xriq¿, ]me-°mSv Pn√-I-fn¬

\S-°p∂ ]qc-ßƒ°v ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ B\-Iƒ ]qc-

Zn-hkw am{Xta \m´n¬ D≠m-Iq. Ccn-ßm-e-°pS

D’-h-Øn\v ]Øv Znh-khpw {]uVn-tbmsS

\n¬°p∂ Cu KP-ho-c-∑m¿ ]´-W-Ønepw kao-

]-{Km-a-{]-tZ-i-ß-fnepw Bthiw hnXdn hnl-cn-

°p∂ ImgvN H∂p thsdXs∂-bm-Wv. B\-s∏-cp-

a-bpsS D’-h-amWv IqS¬amWnIyw D’-hw. ]≠v

ImeØv IqS¬am-WnIyw tZh-kz-Øn\v kz¥-ambn

21 B\-Iƒ hsc-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp-

∂p. 40tesd B\-I-fpsS Fgp-

∂-≈n∏v Chn-SpsØ {]uV-

Kw -`o -c -amb D’-h-Øn\v

D≠m-bn-´p-≈-Xmbpw ]d-bp-

∂p. s\‰n -∏-´ -a -Wn™ 21

B\-Isf Fgp-∂-≈n-®n-´p-

≈Xv I≠-h-cn -∂p -ap -≠v .

Ingt° \S-∏p-c-°¬ s\‰n-∏-

´ -a -Wn™ 21 B\-Isf

sXt°m-´-`n -ap -J-ambpw 21

B\-Isf sX°v `mKØv

\n∂pw hS-t°m- - n-ap-J-ambpw

apΩq∂v B\-Isf Ing°v

\n∂v ]Sn-™m- p- n-ap-J-ambpw

Xncn®pw Fgp-∂p-≈n-®-Xmbn

]g -a -°m¿ ]d -bm -dp -≠v .

CXn¬ 27 B\-Iƒt° s\‰n-∏- -ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q-

h-t{X. 4 `mKØpw B\-I-fm¬ Np‰-s∏-´-\n-e-bn¬

\Sp°v hmZy-°mcpw tafm-kzm-Z-Icpw! sImSn-∏p-dØv

hnf-°n\v K-hm≥ ]pd-tØ-s°-gp-∂-≈-∂Xv kz¥w

B\-∏p-d-Øm-bn-cn-°-Ww F∂ BNmcw C∂pw

I¿i-\-ambn ]men-®p-t]m-cp-∂p. `mc-X-Ønse

Xs∂ G‰hpw henb KP-ho-c≥am-cn-sem-∂mb

henb chn, Ih-f-∏md sImº≥am¿, sNß-∂q-

cnse KP-cm-P≥, Inc-ßm-´p-tI-i-h≥, AI-hq¿

tKmhn-μ≥, a∂m-Sn-bm-cpsS B\, IqS-em-‰p-]p-dw,

]\-a-\, Kpcp-hm-bq¿ tIi-h≥, Xncp-h-ºmSn N{μ-

ti-J-c≥, sX®n-t°m´v Imhv cma-N-{μ≥, ]mºmSn

cmP≥, Ip´≥Ip-f-ßc A¿÷p-\≥, awK-emw-Ip∂v

Aø-∏≥, Xncp-h-ºmSn inh-kp-μ¿ XpSßn ]g-

bXpw ]pXn-b-Xp-amb Xe-ap-d-bn¬s∏´ KP-ho-c-∑m-

cmWv Ccn-ßm-e-°pS D’-h-Øn\v ]s¶-Sp-°m-dp-

≈-Xv. XnS-tº-‰p∂ KP-cm-Ps‚ Xe-s°-´p-am-{X-a-

√, tIme-hpw, IpSbpw sh©m-a-chpw X\n kz¿Æ-

Øn¬Øs∂ \n¿Ωn-®-Xm-Wv. kz¿Æ-Ø-In-Sp-Iƒ

]Xn® tIme-Øns‚ aIp-Shpw hn√o-kns‚ IpS-

bnse aIp-Shpw ioe-bpsS Xpºp-I-fnse sNdnb

h´-ßfpw sh©m-a-c-Øns‚ ]nSnbpw kz¿Æ-

Ønepw Be-h- -Øns‚ ]nSn sh≈nbnepw Xo¿Ø-

Xm-Wv. ]≠v XnS-tº-‰p∂ B\-°p≈ IpS-bpsS

ioe ]®-\n-d-Øn-ep-≈Xpw c≠-‰-Øp≈ B\-

Iƒ°v a™-°p-Sbpw _m°n-bp-≈-h°v ISpw-Np-

- 131 -


h∏v IpS-bp-a-t{X. C∂v AXn-sems° am‰-ßƒ

h∂n- p-≠v. XnS-tº-‰p∂ B\-bpsS {]m[m\yw ]cn-

K-Wn-®v, sXm´v Aip-≤-am-°m-Xn-cn-°m-\s{X 2

`mKØpw Ipń-bm-\-Iƒ (D-≈m-\) Nph∂ {]X-e-

Øn¬ kz¿Æw ]Xn® sNdnb Xe-s°-´p-I-tf¥n

Fgp-∂-≈n-∏n¬ tNcp∂Xv. IqS¬am-WnIyw

t£{X-Øns‚ aXn¬°-IsØ hnkvXr-Xnbpw

Ing°pw ]Sn-™m-dp-ap≈ hnim-e-amb \S-∏p-c-Ifpw

sXt° `mKsØ ]p¬ssa-Xm-\hpw C{X-b-[nIw

B\-I-fpsS Iqń-sb-gp-∂-≈n-∏n\v hfsc tbmPn-®-

Xm-Wv. 2 XqWp-I-fpsS CS°v 2 B\-Iƒ hoXw

Hcp {]tXyI AIew ]men®v sIm≠v \n¬°p∂

kº-Zmbw \S-∏p -c -I-fn¬ Fgp-∂p-≈n-∏ns‚

BI¿j-IXzw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂p. sX°v hiØv Fgp-

∂-≈n∏v FØp∂ ka-b-Øn¶¬ t\csØ ]pd-

tØ°v tI´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ taf-Øns‚ i_vZ-

hn-\ym-k-Øn\v am‰w hcp-∂p-≠v. \S-∏p-c-I-fn¬ taf-

Øns‚ i_vZw Hcp hiØv B\-I-fmepw apI-

fn¬ ta¬°q-c-bmepw AS-°-s∏´v \n¬°p-tºmƒ,

sX°v Xpd∂ ssaXm-\Øv taf-hn-\ymkw as‰mcp

Xc-Øn-em-Ip-∂p. ]Sn-™msd \S-∏p-c-bn¬ tafw

Iem-in®v Xo¿∞-°c sNº-S°v KP-ho-c≥am¿

Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cmbn AWn-tN¿∂v \S-°p∂ ImgvN

H∂p thsd-Ø-s∂-bm-Wv. t£{X-Øns‚ aq∂n-

sem∂v mK-Øp≈ Ipeo-hn\n Xo¿∞-°p-f-Øns‚

Hmc-ØqsS Hcm-\°v \S-°m-\p≈ IrXy-amb Af-

hn-ep≈ \S-∏m-X-bn-eqsS hepXpw sNdp-Xp-amb

17 B\-Iƒ H‰hcn-bn¬ Ingt° \S-∏p-c-bn-te°v

t]mIp∂ ImgvN t\m°n-bm¬ Xo¿∞-Ip-f-Øn¬

CXns‚ {]Xn- -e\w ImWmw. Xriq¿ ]qc-Øns‚

sXt°m- n-d-°hpw Kpcp-hm-bq-cn¬ Kpcp-hm-bq¿ tIi-

hs‚ {]Xn-asb KP-cmP]n≥Km-an-Iƒ h¿j-Øn-

sem-cn-°¬ A`n-hmZyw sNbvXv {]Z-£nWw sh®v

]n≥hm-ßp∂ A\ym-Zr-iy-amb Imgv®bpw Ccn-ßm-

e-°p-S-bnse Xo¿∞-°c sNº-S°v \nc-\n-c-bmbn

aμw aμw \oßp∂ KP-ho-c∑mcpsS ImgvNbpw

h√m-sØm-c-\p-`q-Xn-bm-Wv.

taf-I-e-bpsS D’hw

Ccn-ßm-e-°pS D’hw taf-I-e-bpsS D’hw

IqSn-bm-Wv. ]©m-cn-tafw ]nd∂v hoW a≤y-tI-c-

f-Øn¬ AXns\ ]n®-

sh®p hf¿Øn-b-Xn¬

I q S ¬ a m - W n ° y w

t£t{Xm-’-h-Øn-\p≈

]¶v sNdp-X-√. taf-Øn\v

cq] -I -e v]\ sNbvX

BNm-cy-]-c-º-c-bnse ]g-

b-X-e-ap -d -bn¬s∏-´-h¿

apX¬°n-tßm-´p≈ {]K-

¤ - t a - f - I - e m - I m -

c≥amscms° Chn-SsØ

taf-ßƒ°v {]am-Wn-

amcpw ]¶m-fn-I-fp-am-bn-´p-

≠v. 17 KP-ho-c-∑m-cpsS

AI-º-Sn-tbmsS `K-hms‚ BZysØ Fgp-∂-≈n-

∏n\v Ipg¬, sImºv, a±fw ]‰p-Iƒ°v tijw ]©m-

cn-bpsS t\¿t°m¬ hogpw. taf-Øns‚ ]Xn-Imew

Ingt° \S-bnepw c≠mw-Imew IqØ-º-e-Øn\v

sX°pw aq∂mw Imew sXt° tKm]p-c\-S-h-gn-

bnepw \memwImew sX°v ]Sn-™m-sd- m-K-Øp≈

Iøm-Wn-h-gn-bnepw A©mw-Imew ]Sn-™m-sd-\-S-

∏p-c-bn-ep-am-bn-´mWv ChnsS ]≠v Ac-tß-dn-bn-cp-

∂-Xv. Ime-Øns‚ am‰ƒ°-\p-k-cn®v Nne hyXym-

k-ß-sfms° h∂n-´p -s≠-¶nepw ]Xn-Imew

Ingt° \S-∏p-c-bnepw 5˛mw Imew ]Sn-™msd \S-

∏p-c-bn-ep-am-bn-´mWv Ct∏mgpw sImń-Øo¿°p-∂-

Xv. ]©mcn kam-]n-®m¬ AS-¥-bn¬ hI-s°mń


- 132 -

sNº-S-sIm-ń -°-em-in-°p∂

]gb coXn-bn¬ \n∂pw hyXy-

kvX-ambn t\cn´v sNº-S-bn¬

hI-sIm- p-∂-Xm-Wv Ct∏m-gsØ

ssien. ]Sn-™msd \S-∏p-c-

bn¬ 5˛mw Imew B¿Øn-cºn

Iem -i -Øn -e - a¿∂ - tijw

Xo¿∞-Ic sNºS

amcm≥am¿°v hy‡n

sshKv≤yw {]I-Sn-∏n-°m-\p≈

thZn-bmbn amdp-∂p. taf-Øns‚

Iqń -°n -s°m-´ -en¬ \n∂pw

Xmb-ºI D¤-hn -® -t]mse

Xo¿∞-°q-f-tafw taf-I-em-Im-

cs‚ GIm-Zn-\b {]I-S-\-th-Zn-

bmbn amdp-∂p. Ingt° \S-∏p-

c-bn-te°v Iqń-sb-gp-∂-≈n∏v

Xncn®v hcp-∂-tXmsS sNºS sImń-I-em-in-°pw.

cm{Xn hnf-°n\v Iqń-sb-gp-∂-≈n∏v taf-Øn\v

tijw ]©-hm-Zy-k-am-\-amb Hcp CS-°m-{]-Z-£n-

Whpw XpS¿∂v H‰-s®-≠bpw \mZ-kz-c-tØm-Sp-Iq-

Sn-b-Xp-amb 2 {]Z-£n-Whpw \S-°pw. cmhnse

iothen Fgp-∂-≈n-∏n\v ]pd-tØ-s°-gp-∂p-≈n-

®m¬ 5˛masØ {]Z-£n-W-Øn-\mWv tafhpw Iqń-

sb-gp-∂-≈n-∏pw. XpS¿∂v AI-tØ-s°-gp-∂-≈n-

°pw. s]cp-h-\w, Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d, Bdm-´p-]p-g, FS-

°p-∂n, Ip´-s\-√q¿, Kpcp-hm-bq¿ XpSßn ]©m-cn-

tafw ]qØp-e-™m-Sp∂ {]ap-J-ÿ-e-ßƒs°m∏w

Xs∂-bmWv Ccn-ßm-e-°p-S-bp-tSbpw ÿm\w.

]pXnb Xe-ap-d-bn-se {]K-¤-cmb s]cp-h\w

Ip´≥am-cm¿, kXo-i≥, sNdp-t»-cn-Ip-´≥ XpS-ßn-

b-h¿°mWv Ct∏m¬ {]am-Ww. Bth-i-Øn-

an¿∏n¬ Ic-ßƒ BIm-i-tØ-s°-dn™v aXn-a-d∂v

Xp≈p-∂-Xn-ep-]cn IrXy-ambn taf-Øn\v Xmfw

]nSn-°p∂ Bkzm-Z-Icpw Chn-SsØ taf-s∏-cp-a°v

Imc-W-°m-cm-Wv. hen-b-hn-f-°n-s‚-b∂v cm{Xn-

bnepw ]≈n-th´ ioth-en-°p-amWv G‰hpw Kwò-

chpw kab ssZ¿Ly-hp-amb taf-ßƒ Ac-tß-

dp-I. ]≈n-th-´°pw Bdm-ń\pw cm{Xn 5 A\-I-

tfmSv IqSnb Fgp-∂-≈n-∏n\v ]©-hm-Zyhpw

XpS¿∂v ]m≠n-ta-fhpw D≠m-Im-dp-≠v. ]√m-hq¿

A∏p-am-cm¿, XpSßn {]K-¤¿ XpS-ßn-b-h¿ ]©-

hm-Zy-Øn\v ChnsS h∂n-´p-s≠-¶nepw Ccn-ßm-e-

°p-S-bpsS ]©m-cn-{]-kn-≤n°v apºn¬ Ah

\njv{]- -am-Ip-IbmWv ]Xn-hv. 2010-se D’-h-Øns‚

taf-{]-amWn s]cp-h\w Ip´≥am-cmcmbn-cp-∂p. 89

hb- ns‚ \nd-hnepw hmZy-{]-K-¤≥ Xrt∏-°pfw

A®p-X-am-cm¿ BZy-io-th-en°v {]am-Wn-®Xv taf

t{]an-Isf B\-μ-e-l-cn-bn-em-dm-Sn-®p. Ccp-]-Øn-

c-t≠mfw Ipg-a-dn-b¬, Iem-i-ßƒsIm-≠mWv

]©m-cn-bpsS A©m-Im-e-Øns‚ \mZ-{]-]©w

Xrt∏-°pfw {]mbw Icp-Øm°n Xo¿Ø-Xv. D’-

h-ta-f-Øn≥sc kzm[o-\hpw DÆm-bn-hm-cy¿

kvamcI Iem-\n-e-bhpw hnhn[ kmwkv°m-cnI

kwL-S-\-I-fp-tSbpw \nd™ km∂n-≤yhpw aqew

Ccn-ßm-e-°p-S-bn¬ C∂pw \qdn-\-SpØv hnZym¿∞n-

Iƒ sN≠-]-T-\-Øn-ep-≠v. ck-I-c-amb Imcyw

GsX-¶nepw Hcp hmZy-Øns‚ i_vZw Ccn-ßm-e-

°pS t£{X kao-]Øv \nt∂m AIØv \nt∂m

Ft∏mgpw apg-ßn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-sa-∂p-≈-Xm-Wv.

t£{X-Øn¬ \n∂v sN≠-tbm, CS-°tbm

angmthm Iem-\n-e-b-Øn¬ \n∂v IY-Ifn hmZy-

ßtfm AΩ-∂q¿ NmIym¿ Kpcp-Ip-e-Øn¬ \n∂v

angmthm Hs°-bm-bn-´mWv Cßs\ hmZy-i_vZw

an°-hmdpw apg-ßp-∂-Xv.

- 133 -


t£{X-I-e-I-fpsS kwK-tam-’hw

IqS¬am-Wn°yw t£t{Xm-’hw t£{X-I-

e-I-fpsS kwK-tam-’hw IqSn-bm-Wv. IpS¬am-

WnIyw t£{X-Ønse Ig-I-°m-c-\m-bn-cp∂ DÆm-

bn-hm-cy¿ \mcm-b-Wo-b-Øns‚ coXn-bn¬ 50 Zi-

I-fn-embn cmam-b-W-IY hnh-cn-°p∂ {iocma]©-

K-Xn-sb-gp-Xn-b-Xn\v tij-amWv IY-Ifn B´-°-Y-

bnse alm-¤pXw “\f-N-cn-X-sa-gp-Xn-bXv”. kI-e-

I-em-\m-Y-\mb kwK-ta-is‚ Xncp-k-∂n-[n-bn¬

B´-°-em-cw-KsØ A\-\z-b-sa∂v hnti-jn-∏n-

°p∂ DÆm-bn-hm-cy-cpsS ]qc-Ø-d-bpsS sXm´p-h-

S-°p-In-S-°p∂ D’-h-°-fn-Iƒ Ccn-ßm-e-°pS D’-

h-Øns‚ {][m\ BI¿j-W-am-Wv. BZy-Im-eØv

7 cm{Xn-I-fn-embn \S-Øn-bn-cp∂ IY-Ifn C∂v 8

cm{Xn Ac-ßp-I-fmbn amdn-bn-´p-≠v. 2˛mw D’-h-

Zn\w apX¬ cm{Xn hnf-s°-gp-∂-≈n-∏ns‚ ]m©m-

cn-tafw ]Sn-™msd \S-∏p-c-bn¬ Ah-km-\n-®m¬

IY-I-fn°v kvs]j¬ ]¥-en¬ hnf°v sImfp-

Øpw. tIc-f-Øns‚ imIp-¥-f-sa-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ \f-

N-cnXw 4 Znh-k-ß-fnse GsX-¶nepw Hcp IY

F√m-h¿jhpw D’-h-Øn\v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°pw.

2010se D’-h-Øn\v 4 Znh-khpw \f-N-cn-tXm-’-

h-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏´p hen-b-hn-f-°n‚-b∂v

{iocm-a-]-´m-`n-tjIw IY-I-fn-bmWv ChnsS Ime-

ß-fmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n®v hcp-∂-Xv. IqS¬am-WnIyw

t£{Xhpw Ccn-ßm-e-°p-Sbpw IY-I-fnsb \ne-

\n¿Øm\pw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°m\pw sNbvX tkh-

\-ßsf F{X ]d-™mepw aXn-bm-hn-√. 1955¬

ÿm]n-X-amb DÆm-bn-hm-cy¿ kvamcI Iem-\n-ebw

ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂Xv IqS¬am-Wn°yw tZhkzw kuP-

\y-ambn \¬Inb `qan-bn-em-Wv. Bcw- -Øn¬ {]Xn-

amkw 150 cq] {Km‚pw ]Sn-™msd Du´p-]p-cbpw

CXn-\mbn tZhkzw A\p-h-Zn-®n-cp-∂p. Ign™ 5

h¿j-ß-fmbn kZ\w IrjvW≥Ip-´n-bm-im≥

t\XrXzw \¬Ip∂ \mSy-k-Z-\-amWv sImSn∏pdsØ

hnf-°n\v hgn-]m-Smbn IY-Ifn \S-Øp-∂-Xv.

cmhnse iothen Ign-™m¬ Xte-s°- -gn®v

B\-Iƒ t£{X-Øn-te°v Xncn-®p-h-∂-Xn\v tij-

amWv Hm´≥ Xp≈¬ Bcw-`n-°p-I. BZy-Im-e-ß-

fn¬ D’-h-Øn\v c≠pw aq∂pw Xp≈¬ kwL-

ßƒ Iem-{]-I-S\w ImgvN-sh-°m-dp-≠-t{X. tIc-

f-Ønse {]K¤ Hm´≥Xp-≈¬ Iem-Im-c≥ ae-

_m¿ cma≥\m-b-sc∂ {]Xn-`-bpsS {]I-S\w 1950-

Iƒ°v apºv \S-∂-Xmbn Iem-kzm-Z-I¿ ]d-bp-∂p.

A°m-eØv BZy D’-h-Zn-\-ß-fn¬ Hm´≥Xp-

≈epw XpS¿∂p≈ Zn\-ß-fn¬ ioX-¶≥, ]d-b≥Xp-

≈epw \S-∂n-cp-∂p-sh∂v ChnsS Xp≈-e-h-X-cn-

∏n-®n-cp∂ sI.-]n. \¥n-]p-e-sa∂ Iem-Im-c≥

Hm¿Ωn-°p-∂p. h¿j-ß-tfmfw Kpcp-hm-bq¿ tiJ-

c-s\∂ Iem-Im-c\pw XpS¿∂v sI. ]n. \¥n-]p-

ehpw Ct∏mƒ ]n. sI. \oe-I-WvT≥\m-b-sc∂

Iem-Im-c-\p-amWv Ct∏mƒ ChnsS Xp≈¬ Ah-

X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. D’-h-Zn-\-ß-fn¬ am{Xw t£{X-

Øn-e-h-X-cn-∏n-®p-h-cp∂ Iem-cq-]-amWv Ipd-Øn-bm-


- 134 -

´w. Im°-c-»n-\m-S-I-sa∂v hS-

°p-≈-h¿ hnti-jn-∏n-°p∂

Ipd-Øn-bm´w Hm´≥Xp-≈¬

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-h¿ Xs∂-

bmWv \S -Øm-dp -≈-Xv .

k‘y°v ]Sn-™msd \S-∏p-c-

bn¬ 2 amS-ºn-hn-f°v sImfpØn

sh®n-cn-°p-∂Xv ImWmw. Ac-

ßns‚ Hcp aqe-bn¬ \n∂pw

Hcp hr≤ thjw sIń ]gb

kw`m-j-W-ssi-en-bn¬ {]I-S-

\-am-cw-`n-°p-∂-tXmsS Ipd-Øn-

bm´w ImWm≥ P\w IqSpw.

I≠-I-»\n _m[n® inh\pw

]m¿Δ-Xnbpw Ipd-h-t‚bpw Ipd-

Øn-bp-tSbpw thj-Øn¬ Ifn-

°p-∂Xpw CXns‚ XpS¿®-bm-Wv. t£{X-Øn-\-

IØv {iotIm-hn-en¬ \n∂pw ]pd-tØ-s°-gp-∂-≈n-

°p-∂-Xn\v apºv Ipd-Øn-bm´w Ign-™n-cn-°pw. ]Sn-

™msd \S-∏p-c-bpsS hS°v ]Sn-™mdv `mKØv

]mTIw Ac-tß-dpw. Ingt° \S-°¬ k‘y°v

\mZ-kz-c-°-t®-cn, hmXn¬am-S-Øn¬ {_m“-Wn-∏m-

´v, tkm]m-\Øv hni-Z-amb AjvS-]-Zn, k‘y°v

IqØ-º-e-Øn-s‚bpw Ing-t°-\-S-∏p-c-bp-tSbpw CS-

bn-ep≈ ]¥-en¬ Ipg¬, sImºv, a±-fw ]‰p-Iƒ,

Bdm´v \mƒ `K-hm≥ t£{X-Øn-te°v aS-ßpw-

apºv A£-c-t«mIw XpS-ßn-bXpw t£{X-Øns‚

]e- m-K-ß-fn-embn \S-°pw. CXn¬ {_m“-Wn-∏m v

c≠mw D’-h-Zn-hkw apX¬ `K-hms\ AI-tØ-

s°-gp-∂-≈n-°p-∂-Xn\v apºmbn hS°v sX°v

hmXn¬am-S-ß-fn¬ k¶¬]n-®n-cn-°p∂ `{Z-Im-fn,

Zp¿§ tZh-X-Iƒ apºmsI Ah-X-cn-∏n®p Ign-™n-

cn-°pw. F∂m¬ Bdm-´p-Zn-\-Øn¬ ]pd-tØ-s°-

gp-∂-≈-Øn\v apºmWv ]m´v. km£m¬ ambm-am-

{¥n-I-\m-bn-cp∂ hmg-°p-∂-Øns‚ ambm-Pm-e-{]-

I-S\w sXs° tKm]p-c-\-S-bnepw hmtf-dv, Ip¥-

ta-dv, sN∏-Sn-hnZy XpSßn P\-ßsf ckn-∏n-°p∂

]e-Xcw Iem-]-cn -]m-Sn -Ifpw t£{X-Ønepw

]pdØpw D’-h-tØmS\p-_-‘n®v Ac-tß-dn-bn-

cp-∂p. 1990 apX¬ sNß-a-\m-Sns‚ kvac-Wm¿∞w

IqS¬am-WnIyw D’-h-°m-esØ Rmb-dm-gvN-bn¬

AJn-e-tI-cf A£-c-t«m-I-a-’cw \S-Øn-h-cp-∂p.

IqS¬am-WnIyw t£t{Xm-’-h-Øns‚ Db¿∂

\ne-hm-chpw at\m-lm-cn-Xbpw t£{X-I-e-I-fpsS

kwK-tam-’-h-Øn-eqsS ImØp-kq-£n-°p-hm≥

kwLm-S-I¿ C∂v {ian-®p-h-cp-∂p.

]≈n-th-´-\m-fn¬ cm{Xn `K-hm≥ ]pd-tØ-

s°-gp-∂≈n Ccn-ßm-e-°pS ]´-W-Øns‚ lrZ-b-

`m-Ksa∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°m-hp∂ TmWbnse ]≈n-

th´ B¬Ø-d-°¬ ]≈n-\m-bm´v \SØn ]©-

hm-Zy-tØmsS Xncn-s®-gp-∂-≈Øv \S-Øp-∂Xv

ImWp-hm≥ P\-k-l-{k-ß-fmWv \K-c-Øn-te-s°m-

gp-Ip-I. B\-bpsS Igp-Ønse aWn-Iƒt]mepw

i_vZn-°msX B¬Ø-d-°-te°v kzman Fgp-∂-

≈p-tºmƒ Ben-e-Iƒt]mepw Ne\w \n¿Øn-b-

Xp-t]mse tXm∂pw. ]©-hm-Zy-Øn-\p-tijw ]m-

≠n-tafw Ip´≥Ipfw ]¥-en¬\n-∂p-am-cw-`n®v

t£{X-Øns‚ apºn-seØn {Xn]p-S-sImń t£{X-

Øn-\-IØv {]th-in®v ]©m-cntbm sNº-Stbm

sImń H‰{]-Z-£nWw ]q¿Øn-bm°n _m°n CS-

bv°m-{]-Z-£nWw \SØn AI-tØ-s°-gp-∂-≈n-°p-

∂p. Bdm-ń\v cmhnse ]pd-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ 2 {]Z-

£nWw Ign-®v t]mIp-∂-Xn-\m¬ _m°n 12 {]Z-

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≈n-®m¬ ]q¿Øn -bm -Ipw. ]≈n -th -´ -Z n -\ -

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cm∏mƒ IqS-∏pg F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-emWv Bdm´v \S-

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Bdm´v IqS¬am-WnIyw Xo¿∞-°p-f-Øn-emWv

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j-X-bm-Wv.

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h¿jsØ D’-h-Øn-\m-bp≈ ImØn-cn-∏ns‚

as‰m-c-\p-`hw `‡¿°p X-cp-∂p.

C.-sI. tIi-h≥ \ºq-Xncn : Ccn-ßm-e-°p-S-bnse {]mtZ-inI Zriy-am-≤y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I≥.

{io Iq-S¬am-WnIyw t£t{Xm-’h kan-Xn -bpsS 2009-˛2010 h¿j-ß-fnse {]N-cW

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Imcy-Z¿in-bmWv.

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tZh-ta-fbv°v BXn-Yy-a-cp-fp∂

Bdm- p-]pg t£{Xw. Bcm-[-I-cn¬

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Intem -ao -‰¿ sX°v`m -KØv

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tXh¿tdmUv tÃm∏n¬ \n∂pw 2

Intem-ao-‰¿ Ing-°p- m-K-Ømbn Bdm- p-]pg {ioim-

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t£-{X-Øn\v aqΔm-bn-c-Øn-tesd h¿jsØ

]g°w IW-°m-°p-∂p.

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Dƒs°m≠v, CS-Xp-Im¬ aS-°n, he-Xp-Im¬ ap´p-a-

S°n CS-Xp-]m-Z-tØmSv tN¿Øp-sh-®v, CS-XpssI

CS-Xp-Im-ens‚ aSn-bn¬ HXp-°n-

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imkvXm-hv ChnsS hmW-cp-fp-∂p.

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hmb hkn-jvT-a-l¿jn-bmWv Chn-

SsØ D]m-k-\-aq¿Øn F∂mWv

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AS, Icn -°-`n -tjIw F∂nh

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I-fm-Wv.

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Ff-a-Æv, Nn‰n-t»cn Iπn-ßm-´v, Hm´vtabv°m´qcv

F∂o-a-\-Iƒ°mWv Ducmbva ÿm\w. Cf-a\

IrjvW-ta-t\m≥ sIm®n≥ tZhkzw IΩo-j-W-dm-

bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Cu t£{Xw tZh-kz-Øn¬ {]tXyI

ÿm\-ap≈ t£{X-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. C∂pw B \ne-

X-s∂-bmWv Cu t£{X-Øn-

\p-≈-Xv.

B≠p-hn-ti-j-ßƒ

{]Xn-jvTm-Zn\w, C√w

\nd, AjvS-{Z-hy-a-lm-K-W-]-

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Fw. cmtP-{μ≥


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bn¬ A`n-tjIw sNøp-∂-Xv. Cu

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Bdm- p-]pg ]qcw

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ap∏-Øn-ap-t°mSn tZh-I-fp-tSbpw b£-

In-∂-c-K-‘¿Δm-Zn-I-fp-tSbpw Bflob

km∂n-≤y-ap≈XmWv Bdm- p-]p-g- ]q-cw.

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`‡cpw tZh-X-Ifpw XmZmflyw {]m]n-

°p∂p.

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£{Xw D®-ÿm-\o-b-am-bm-¬ Bdm- p-]pg

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D{Xw ]m´v ASn-ÿm-\-am°n Iogvt]m-´p-I-W-°m-

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]qc-a-tlm-’-h-Øn\p \mμn-Ip-dn-®p-sIm≠v tcmln-

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- 147 -


\mfn-emWv sImSn-tb‰w. AXyp-’m-l-]q¿Δw

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ß-sfm-∂p-an-√mØ Hcp KP-ho-cs\ IpØp-hn-f-°p-

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B\bn°pw. ]qcw- ]p-d-∏mSv DZvtLm-jn-®p-sIm≠v,

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bn-cn°pw.

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cn® tIfn, sImºp-]-‰v,


- 148 -

Ipg¬∏‰v F∂nh Nn´-h-´-

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]©m-cn -tafw Imem-\p -

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in-°p-tºmƒ, kqcy-tX-P-

n¬ as‰mcp ]qc-°m-gvN-

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bm-bn.

ssX°m- p-t»cn t£{X-Øn-tebv°v

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te°v Fgp-∂-≈p∂ hgn-I-fn-

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tImew-h-c®v, Ac-ßp-Nm¿Øn,

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bv°¬ Cd-°n-∏qP, AS-\n-

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thZyw XpS-ßn-bh. AXn-\p-tijw \dp-Ip-f-ßc

t£{X-Øn-tebv°v. sIm´n-{]-Z-£n-W-Øn-\p-tijw

Xncn®v Bdm- p-]p-g-bn-te°v. cm{Xn-bpsS \n»-_vZ-

X-bnepw `‡-P-\-ßƒ imkvXm-hns‚ Fgp-s∂-≈-

Øn\v ImtXm¿Øn-cp∂v `‡n-bpsS ]q¿Æ-X-bn¬

hc-th¬°p∂ ImgvN B\-μ-Icw Xs∂-bmWv.

s]cp-h\w ]qcw

s]cp-h-\-Ø-∏s‚ Xncp-k-

∂n-[n-bn¬ \S-°p∂ Cu ]qc-

Øn¬ Ct∏mƒ 18 tZho-tZ-h-∑m-

cmWv ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. CXn¬ 4

Fgp -∂-≈n -∏p -I -fmWv H∂n -

s\m∂p sa®-s∏´ coXn-bn¬ \S-

°p-∂-Xv. Bdm-´p-]p-g, NmØ-

°pSw, Duc-Iw, tN¿∏v F∂n-

h¿°mWv Cu Fgp-∂-≈n-∏p-Iƒ.

sImº-\m-\-Iƒ, Na-b-

ßƒ F∂n -h -bp -sS -sb√mw

tbmKyX \n¿Æ-bn-®n -cn∂Xv

t]mepw s]cp-h\w ]qc-Øn¬

]s¶-SptØm F∂-Xns\ ASn-

ÿm-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-bm-bn-cp-∂p-h-

s{X. Cu sNm√ns\ A\z¿∞-am-

°p∂ hn[-Øn-emWv Ct∏mƒ ]qcw

BtLm-jn-°p-∂Xv F∂v FSp-Øp-]-

d-tb-≠-Xn-√-t√m.

Ct∏mƒ Hcp Fgp-∂-≈-n∏p-IqSn

tIa-am-bn-´p-≠v. IS-em-t»cn ]njm-cn-

°¬ `K-h-Xn-bpsS ]qcw. sshIo´v 4

aWn°v Bcw`n-°p∂ Cu Fgp-∂-≈n-

∏n\v 3 B\-Ifpw ]©m-cn-ta-fhpw

AI-º-Sn-tb-Ipw. Akv-X-a-b-kq-cys‚

s]m≥I-ncWßƒ G‰p-hmßn ]njm-

c-n°¬ `K-hXn t£{X-{]-Z-£nWw

\S-Øp-∂p. CtXmsS Bdm-´p-]pg

imkvXm-hns‚ kp{]-kn-≤-amb Cd-

°-∏m-≠n°v tImep-b-cp -I-bm-bn.

]©m-cn -bpsS Cu‰n -√ -sa∂v

]pIƒs]‰ s]cp-h\w \S-h-gn-bn¬

imkvXm -hns‚ Xncp -ap -ºn¬

\n∂psIm≠v taf-hn-Z-K-v≤¿ kzbw ad∂v Xo¿°p∂

Cu Cd-°-∏m≠n ImWn-I-fpsS lrZ-b-Øn-te°v

Bgv∂n-d-ßp-tºm-gp-≠m-Ip∂ A\p`qXn G{X-

sb{X!

tafw Ign-™m¬ Xr]p-S-tbm-Sp-IqSn Ing°v

Bdm-´p-Ip-f-Øn\p kao]w FØp∂ Bdm-´p-]pg

imkvXmhv, NmØ-°pSw imkvXm-hns‚ ]qcw Ign-


- 150 -

™m¬ It√en, taSw-Ipfw F∂o imkvXm-°≥am-

tcm-sSm∏w s]cp-h\w t£{X-Øn-tebv°v Fgp-s∂-

≈p-I-bmbn. Ing-t°-tKm-]pcw hsc ]©m-cn-tafw.

t£{X-Øn-\-I-Øp-I-S-∂m¬ apdn-b-S¥˛ sXt°-tKm-

]p-c-\-S-bn¬Øs∂ Ah-km-\n-°p∂p. Bdm-´p-

]pgimkvXmhv X{¥n C√-tØbv°pw a‰p tZh-∑m¿

t£{X-{]-Z-£nW-Øn\pw bm{X-bm-hp∂p. tafm-kzm-

Z-I¿°p≈ kZy-h´w CtXmsS Xocp-∂n-√. Bdm- p-

]pg imkvXm-hn-\- n-ap-J-ambn NmØ-°pSw imkvXm-

hns‚ ]©mcn CXn-\Iw Bcw`n-®n-´p-≠m-Ipw.

sXmń-∏mƒ K-h-Xn-tbm-sSm-∏-ap≈ Cu Fgp-∂-≈n-

∏n\v 7 B\-I-fmWv AI-ºSn \¬Ip-∂-Xv.

Cc-hns\ ]I-em°n am‰p∂ Xosh- n-I-fpsS

IÆ-©n-∏n-°p∂ Zo]-tim-`bn¬ {]ikvX-cmb

Iem-Im-c-∑m¿ Xo¿°p-∂- Cu ]m≠n- -]-©m-cn-ta-f-

ßƒ Bkz-Zn-®-\p`hn-°m≥ tIc-f-Øns‚ \m\m-

`m-K-Øp-\n∂pw P\-k-l-{k-ßƒ s]cp-h\-tØ-

bvs°m-gp-In-sb-Øp-∂p.

XpS¿∂p≈ ]qcw Duc-I-Ø-Ω-Xn-cp-h-Sn-bp-

tS-Xm-Wv. 7 B\-I-fpsS AI-º-Sn-tbmsS ]©m-cn-

ta-f-tØmsS {]uV-Kw- o-c-am-bmWv tZhn-bpsS Fgp-

∂-≈-Øv. ]©m-cn-bpsS aq∂mw-Im-e-Øn-t\m-S-SpØ

ka-bØv s]cp-h\w t£{X-a-Xn¬°-IØv Iqń-

sb-gp-∂-≈n-∏p-≠v. "hnf°v' F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Cu

Fgp-∂-≈n-∏n¬, s\ń-t»cn, tImS-∂q¿, \m¶p-fw,

FS-°p -∂n, N°wIpfw, Nn‰ - n -®m -Ø-°pSw,

s s X ° m ´ p - t » c n ,

taSwIpfw, It√-en,

]q\n-em¿°m-hv, amń¬

F∂o 11 t£{X-ß-

fmWv ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-Xv.

s]cp-h\w˛Bdm-´p-]pg

]qcw sk≥{S¬I-

Ω‰nbpsS t\Xr -Xz -

Øn¬ Cu hnf°v

AXn-Kw -ò -c -ambmWv

BtLm-jn -°p -∂Xv .

Duc-I-Ø-Ω-Xn-cp-h-Sn -

bpsS ]qcw Ign™v

tZhn- a-Xn¬°-IØp

{]Z-£nWw hbv°p-∂-Xp-hsc Cu hnf-°nse

{][m\ ]¶m-fn-I-fmb s\ń-t»-cn, tImS-∂q¿,

\m¶pfw imkvXm-°-∑m¿ {io]m¿Δ-Xn-bpsS \S-

bv°p-ap-ºn¬ \ne-]m-Sp-\n¬°pw.

tN¿∏v K-hXn ]©-hm-Zy-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv

Fgp-∂-≈p-I. ta°mhv `K-hXnt£{X-]-cn-k-cØv

\n∂v Bcw-`n-°p∂ ]m≠n t£{XaXn¬°-IØp

s]s´∂v \n¿Øn-sh®v t£{Xw Ducm-f≥ hnfn®p

tNmZn-°pw˛ ""Cd-°-°m¿ Bsc-¶nepw _m°n-

bpt≠m?'' Aøp∂pt£{X- {]-Xn-\n-[n-bpsS ""Cd-

ßn-bn-ń√'' F∂ adp-]-Sn-°p-tijw ]m≠n-tafw

XpScpw. ]n∂o-Sp≈ ]qcw Aøp∂p`K-h-Xnbpw

tN¿∏v `K-h-Xnbpw Hcp-an®p tN¿∂m-Wv. Ing-t°-

\-S-bn¬ ]m≠n ]©m-cn°v hgn-am-dp-tºmƒ \nd-

bp∂ \mZ-ku-`mKyw tafm-kz-Z-I¿°v I¿Æm-ar-X-

ambn amdp-∂p.

hmZy-Xm-f-b-e-ß-fp-tSbpw h¿Æ-i-_-f-amb

Zriy-hn-kva-b-ß-fp-tSbpw s]men-a- \n-d™p Xpfp-

ºp∂ s]cp-h\w {Kma-Øns‚ A[n-]-\mb Cc-´-

b-∏\v am{X-ambn BsI c≠v {io`q-X-_en NS-

ßp-I-fmWv ]qc-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n®v \S-Øp-∂-Xv. H∂v

s]cp-h\w ]qcw Znh-khpw, as‰m∂v D{Xw \mfnepw.

]nt‰∂v Bdm-´p-]pg imkvXmhv s]cp-h\w

t£{X-Øn¬ sh®v tN¿∏v `K-h-Xn-tbmSv D]-Nm-

cw ]d™p aS-ßp-tºmƒ DucIw t£{X-Øn¬

Cd-°n-sb-gp-s∂-≈n∏v, D]-Nmcw. `‡-P-\-ßƒ

- 151 -


imkvXmhv 9 KP-ho-c-∑m-cpsS AI-º-Sn-tbmsS

sXt°m-´`n-ap-J-ambn AWn-\n-c°p-∂p. ssI∏-¥-

Øns‚ IÆ-©n-∏n-°p∂ tim`bn¬ Bdm-´p-]pg

imkvXm-hns‚ XnSºpw tImehpw h¿Æ-{]- -sNm-

cn-bp∂ ImgvN IÏp-fn¿s° I≠v ssIIq-∏m≥

`‡-P-\-k-l-{k-ßƒ t£{Xm-¶-W-Øn¬ Xnßn-

\n-d-bp-∂p. 150¬]cw Iem-Im-c-∑m¿ AWn-\n-c-

°p∂ ]m≠n-ta-f-Øns‚ amkva-cn-IX-bn¬ Bkzm-

Z-I-hrμw AebSn-°p-tºmƒ, Xd-°¬∏q-c-Øn\p

angn-thIn ]Sn-™m-dp-\n∂v Duc-I-Ø-Ω-Xn-cp-h-

Snbpw, sX°p-\n∂v sXmń-∏mƒ`K-h-Xnbpw Fgp-

∂-≈p-I-bm-bn. Duc-I-Ø-Ω-Xn-cp-h-Sn°v tafhpw

sXmń-∏mƒ `K-h-Xn°v ]©-hm-Zy-hp-amWv AI-º-

Sn-bm-bn-´p-≠m-hp-I. 9.30 hsc \ofp∂ ]m≠n-ta-f-

Øn-\p-tijw h¿Æ-i-_-f-amb Icn-a-cp∂p {]tbm-

Kw. XpS¿∂v aq∂p tZho-tZ-h-∑mcpw kwK-an-°pw.

Fgp-∂-≈n-∏p-Iƒ°p a≤y-Øn-embn ]mbbpw

ap≠pw hncn®v tNßn-e- sh-®-Xn-\p-tijw Acn

\nd-bv°pw. Xncp-ta-\n-am¿ h´-an-ńcn-°pw. aq∂p

t£{X-ß-fn-tebpw ASn-b-¥n-c-°m¿ 3 XhW

iwJp hnfn®v he¥-e-bn¬ tafw-sImń hbv°p∂

NS-ßmWv ]n∂o-Sv. sXmń-∏mƒ `K-hXn imkvXm-

hn\pw Duc-I-Ø-Ω-Xn-cp-h-Sn°pw D]-Nmcw ]d™v

imkvXmw-I-S-hn-te°v Bdm-ń\pw, Duc-I-Ø-Ω-Xn-

cp-hSn Iotgm-´p-Ic a\-bn-te°pw bm{X-bm-Ip-∂p.

Xd-bv°¬∏q-c-Øn\ptijw imkvXmhv Duc-I-Ø-

ka¿∏n-°p∂ \nd-]-d-Iƒ kzoI-cn®v GI-tZiw

]Xn-s\m-∂-c-tbmsS Bdm-´p-]pg t£{X-Øn¬

Xncn-s®-Øp∂p.

]nSn-°-∏-dºv t£{X-Øn-tebv°v

Xd-bv°¬ ]qc-Øn≥\mƒ ImeØv 7 aWn°v

]nSn-°-∏-d-ºn¬ Fgp-s∂-≈n-s®-∂v Bdm-´p-]pg

imkvXmhv ]qc-∏m-S-Øn\p kao]w hS-t°m- p-Xn-

cn™v \ne-]m-Sp-\n¬°p∂p. Cu k-abw NmØ-

°pSw imkvXmhv ]Sn-™m v Z¿i-\-ambn \ne-]mSv

\n¬°p-∂p-≠m-bn-cn°pw. B\-tbm- -Øn-\p-tijw

sImºp-]‰v, Ipg¬∏‰v. XpS¿∂v Xr]-pS-tbm-Sp-IqSn

]nSn-°-∏-dºv t£{Xw {]Z-£nWw sh®v Xncn-®p-h-

cp∂ Bdm- p-]pg imkvXmhv NmØ-°pSw imkvXm-

hn\v D]-Nmcw sNm√n ]ncn-bp∂p. imkvXmhv Bdm-

´p-]p-gbv°v Fgp-s∂≈n ]pg-bv°-°sc Ing-t°-aTw,

hS-t°-aTw, sXt°-aTw, ]Sn-™m-td-aTw XpS-ßnb

CS-ß-fnse ]d-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°p∂p. Chn-sS-sb√mw

Nmep-Io-d¬, NmSn-s°m v F∂n-h-bp-≠m-bn-cn°pw.

t£{X-Øn¬ Xncn-s®-gp-s∂-≈n-bm¬ Xm{¥n-I-®-S-

ßp-Iƒ Bcw-`n-°p-I-bmbn. sshIo´v 4 aWn°v

tNmc-t©-S-Øp-a\, Itcm-fn¬ Ff-a-Æp-a\, Np≈n-

aTw F∂n-hn-S-ß-fnse ]d-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°m-\mbn

imkvXmhv ]pd-s∏-Sp∂p.

Xd-bv°¬∏qcw

sshIo´v 6\v ]pd-tØ-bvs°-gp-s∂-≈p∂


- 152 -

Ω-Xn-cp-hSn°v D]-Nmcw ]d™v amS-ºp-a-\-bnse

]d-Iƒ G-‰p-hmßn t£{X-Øn¬ Xncn-s®-Øp-∂p.

cm{Xn 12-a-Wn°v \mK-kz-c-Øn-s‚bpw iwJns‚bpw

AI-º-Sn-tbmSpw he-¥-e-{ip-Xn-tbm-Spw-IqSn ]njm-

cn-°¬t£-{X-Øn-te°v Fgp-s∂-≈p-∂p. hgn-

at≤y Iotgm-´p-°-c-a-\-bn¬ Cd-°n]qP-bp≠v.

XpS¿∂v ]njm-cn-°¬t£-{X-Øn-seØn Cd-°n-

sb-gp-s∂-≈n-°p-∂p.

sXmń-∏mƒ t£{X-Øn-tebv°v

Bdm-´p-]pg ]qcw Znhkw cmhnse ]mWn-

sImń imkvXm-hns\ ]njm-cn -°¬ t£{X-

Øn¬\n∂v sXmń-∏mƒ t£{X-Øn-tebv°v Fgp-

s∂-≈n°pw. BZy-Im-e-ß-fn¬ AhnsS B\-tbm-

´-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p. Ipfw {]Z-£nWw sh®v BZy-sa-

Øp-∂-h¿°v Ahn¬∏d. Ct∏mƒ ÿe-ku-Icyw

C√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ Hmtcm h¿jhpw Hmtcm t£{X-

°m¿ Ahn¬∏d kzoI-cn-°p∂p.

sXmń-∏mƒ ]qc-Øn-\p-tijw NmØ-°pSw

imkvXm-hn-t\m-sSm∏w Bdm- p-]pg imkvXm-hns‚

CS-h-gn-∏qcw . t£{X-Øn¬ Cd-°n-∏qP. D]-Nm-c-

Øn-\p-tijw imkvXmhv NmØ-°pSw imkvXm-hn-

t\m-sSm∏w Bdm- p-]p-gbv°v. NmØ-°pSw imkvXm-

hn\v Bdm-´p-]pg t£{X-Øn¬ Cd-°n-sb-gp-s∂-

≈n∏v. XpS¿∂v t£{X-a-Xn¬°-IØv D]-Nm-chpw.

Bdm-´p-]p-g-]qcw

sXmń-∏mƒ ]I¬∏q-c-Øn¬ ]s¶-SpØv

imkvXmhv 4 aWn-tbm-Sp-

IqSn t£{X-Øn¬ Xncn-

s®-Øp-∂p. \nXy-∏q-P-Iƒ,

{io`q-X-_-en, F∂n-h-

bv°p-tijw 6 aWn-tbm-Sp-

IqSn `qan-bnse G‰hpw

henb tZh-ta -fbv°v

km£n-bm-Im\pw BXn-

tY-bXzw hln-°m\pw

imkvXmhv k¿Δm` -

cWhn`q-jn-X-\mbn ]pd-

tØ-bvs°-gp-∂-≈p-tºmƒ,

t£{Xhpw ]qc-∏m-Shpw

P\-k-l-{k-ß-sf-s°m≠v

Xnßn -\n -d -™n-cn -°pw.

F√m hoYn-I-fn-eq-tSbpw hntZ-in-I-f-S-°-ap≈ ]qc-

t{]-an-Iƒ Bdm- p-]p-g-bn-se-Øp-∂p. Ign™ A©v

h¿jambn imkvXm-hns‚ ]qc-Øn\v ]Xn-\©v

KP-ho-c-∑m¿ AWn-\n-c-∂ph-cp∂p.

250¬ ]cw {]apJ hmZyIem-Im-c-∑m¿ Iøpw

saøpw ad∂v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ hniz-{]-kn-≤-amb

]©m-cn-tafw {]]©koa-Iƒ ewLn-°p-tºmƒ

Bkzm-Z-I-cn¬ AXn-cp-I-fn-√mØ Xmf{]]©w

alm-km-K-c-ambn Ae-b-Sn-°pw. taf-ß-fpsS cmPm-

hmb ]©m-cn-tafw sIm´-n°bdn°-emin°p∂p.

Fgp-∂≈n \n¬°p∂ KP-ho-c-∑m-cpsS AI-º-Sn-

tbmsS ssI∏-¥-Øns‚ tim`-bn¬ imkvXmhv

Ggp-I-≠w-hsc t]mIp∂ ImgvN h¿Æ-\m-Xo-X-

am-Wv. tXh¿ ssIX-h-f-∏n¬ FØn-bn-´pt≠m

F∂m-cm-bm-\mbn am{X-amWv imkvXmhv Ggp-

I≠w hsc t]mIp-∂-X-t{X. aS-°-bm-{X-bn¬

imkvXmhv \ne-]m-Sp-X-d-bn¬ Gh¿°pw BXn-Yy-

a-cpfn \ne-]mSp \n¬°pw. NmØ-°pSw imkvXm-

hns‚ ]qc-Øn\p tijw FS-°p∂n `K-h-Xn-bpsS

km∂n-[y-Øn¬ NmØ-°pSw imkvXm-hn\v \ne-

]m-Sp-\n¬°m≥ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ta¬∏n®v Bdm- p-]pg

imkvXmhv t£{X-Øn-te-bvs°-gp-∂-≈p-∂p.

tZh-kw-Kaw

Bdm-´p-]pg ]qc-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ tZho-tZ-h≥am¿

1. Bdm-´p-]pg imkvXmhv

2. Xr{]-bm¿ tXh¿

- 153 -


3. Duc-I-Ø-Ω-Øn-cp-hSn

4. tN¿∏n¬ `K-hXn

5. NmØ-°p-SØv imkvXmhv

6. A¥n-°mSv `K-hXn

7. sXmń-∏mƒ `K-hXn

8. ]njm-cn-°¬ `K-hXn

9. FS-°p∂n `K-hXn

10. Aøp-∂n¬ `K-hXn

11. ssX°m-´p-t»cn `K-hXn

12. ISp-∏-t»cn `K-hXn

13. Nqc-t°mSv `K-hXn

14. ]q\n-em¿°m-hn¬ `K-hXn

15. Nme-°pSn -]n-jm-cn-°¬ `K-hXn

16. N°w-Ip-f-ßc imkvXmhv

17. tImS-∂q¿ imkvXmhv

18. \m¶pfw imkvXmhv

19. {ioam-ń¬ imkvXmhv

20. s\ń-t»cn imkvXmhv

21. It√en imkvXmhv

22. Nn‰n-®m-Ø-°pSw imkvXmhv

23. taSw-Ipfw imkvXmhv

F∂o tZho-tZh≥amcmWv Cu tZh-kw-K-a-Øn¬

]s¶Sp°p-∂-Xv. Bdm-´p-]pg imkvXmhv \ne-]m-Sp-

X-d-bn-se-Ønbm-¬ tZho-tZ-h-∑m-cpsS ]qc-ßƒ

Bcw- n-°p-Ibmbn. tXh¿ ssIX-h-f-∏n-se-Øp-∂-

Xp-hsc Cu Fgp-∂-≈n-∏p-Iƒ XpS-cp-∂p. t£{X-

tKm-]p-c-Øn\pw \ne-]m-Sp-X-dbv°pw

at≤y sX°p-h-S°p InS-°p∂ \S-

bnepw ]Sn-™m-dp`m-K-Øp≈ hnim-e-

amb ]mS-Øp-am-Wv Ib-‰hpw Cd-°hpw

]Sn-™m-dp-\n-∂p≈ hc-hp-am-bn- Cu

Fgp-∂-≈n-∏p-Iƒ \S-°p-∂-Xv.

Hc-kpe` \ntbm-Kw-t]m-se, Xmf-

ta-f-ß-fpsS ]cym-b-am¿∂ Cu ]m≠n-

˛-]-©m-cn-ta-f-ßƒ BkzZn-°m\pw

tZho-tZ-h-∑msc ssIIq-∏n-h-Wßn

kmbp-Py-a-S-bm\pw AN-©-e-amb ‡n-

km-KcØn¬ BdmSn hW-ßphm\pw

tZh-ssN-X-\y -Øns‚ aqe-ÿm-\-

tØ°v `‡-cpsS AW-ap-dn -bmØ

{]hm-lw.

GI-tZiw 11 aWn-tbm-Sp-IqSn sXmń-∏mƒ K-

h-Xn-tbm-sSm∏w NmØ-°pSw imkvXm-hns‚ Fgp-

∂-≈n-∏mWv BZyw. Ggm-\-I-fpsS AI-º-Sn-tbmsS

Kwòc ]©m-cn-ta-fw. XpS¿∂v Hcp aWn-tbm-Sp-IqSn

]q\n-em¿°m-hv, ISp∏t»-cn, Nme-°pSn Im´p-]n-jm-

cn-°¬ `K-h-Xn-am¿ A©m-\-I-fp-tSbpw ]©m-cn-

ta-f-Øn-t‚bpw AI-º-Sn-tbm-sS Fgp-∂-≈p-∂p.

12 aWn-tbm-Sp-IqSn FS-°p∂n `K-h-Xn-bpsS

Fgp-∂-≈n∏v Bcw`n-°p-∂p. 5 B\-I-fpsS AI-

º-Snbpw ]©m-cn-ta-fhpw tijw Hcp-a-Wn-tbm-Sp-

IqSn A¥n-°m-Sv-˛-Nq-c-t°mSv `K-hXnam¿ Bdm-\-

I-fp-tSbpw ]©m-cn-ta-f-Øns‚bpw AI-º-Sn-tbmsS

Fgp-∂-≈n-h-cp-∂p. 11 aWn-tbm-Sp-IqSn s\ń-t»cn

imkvXmhv 5 B\-I-fpsS AI-º-Sn-tbmSpw ]m≠n-

ta-f-tØmSpw IqSn Fgp-∂-≈p-∂p.

sshIp-WvT-Z¿i\w

Aam-\p-jnI Ign-hp≈ hnez-aw-K-eØv

kzmanbm¿ Bdm- p-]pg]qcw Znhkw k‘ybv°v {io

hS-°pw-\m-Y≥ t£{X-Øn¬ Z¿i\Øns\-Øn-

bs{X. k‘y-bv°p-ap-tº-Xs∂ AØm-g-]q-P-I-

gn™v \S-b-S-®-Xns‚ ImcWw Bcm™ kzman-

bm¿°v Xs‚ Znhy-t\-{X-ßƒsIm≠v {io hS-°pw-

\m-Ys\ Z¿in-°m-\m-bn. C∂v Bdm- p-]p-g-]q-c-am-

sW∂pw Cu ]qc-Øn¬ X\n-°pw-IqSn ]s¶-Sp-t°-

≠-Xp-s≠∂pw `K-hm≥ Acp-fn-sN-bvXpsh∂pw,


- 154 -

Bdm- p-]p-g-]q-c-Øn\v ImWm-sa∂pw ]d™v `K-

hm≥ ad-™p-h-s{X. alm-tZ-h≥t]mepw ]s¶-Sp-

°p∂ Cu ]qcw Z¿in-°m≥ {io kzman-bmcpw Bdm-

´p-]p-g-bn-se-Øn. t£{X-Øn\v ap∂n¬ C∂p

ImWp∂ hneq-∂n-Ø-d-bpsS ÿm\Øv kzman-bm¿

Ccp-∏p-d-∏n-®p. km[m-c-W- ]q-c-Im-gvN-IƒI≠ kzman-

bm¿°v Iqń-sb-gp-s∂-≈n∏v hsc {]tXyI {]m[m-

\y-sam∂pw tXm∂n-bn-√. Znhy-Zr-jvSn-bp≈ kzman-

bm¿°v Iqń-sb-gp-s∂-≈n∏n¬ km£m¬ sshIp-

WvT-Ønse A\-¥-im-bn-bmb alm-hn-jvWp-hn-s\-

bmWv Z¿in-°m-\m-bXv. kt¥m-jw-sIm≠v aXn-

ad∂ hnez-aw-Kew Ccp-∂n-cn-∏n¬ c≠p-ssI-sIm≠pw

aÆp-hmcn inc- n-en- p-h-s{X. Cu `qan- -B-dm- p-]pg

A{Xbv°pw ]cn-]m-h-\-am-sW∂pw Iqńsb-gp-s∂-

≈n∏v ka-bØv {io`q-an-tZho-k-ta-X-\mb tXhsc

{]Z-£n-Ww-sh®v sXmgp-∂Xv tam£-Zm-b-I-am-

sW∂pw kzman-bm¿ ]d-™-phs{X.

Iqń Fgp-∂-≈n∏v

Bdm- p-]p-g-]qcw \mfn¬ A¿≤-cm{Xn tNmXn

\£{Xw D®-ÿm-\o-b-\m-bm¬ tZh-ta-fbv°v s\Sp-

\m-b-IXzw hln-°p∂ Xr{]-bm¿ tXh¿ ssIX-

h-f-∏n-se-Øp-∂p. ]√n-t»cn sk‚¿ apX¬ ssIX-

h-f-∏p-hsc tXh¿°v 11 B\-I-fpsS AI-º-Sn-tbm-

sSbp≈ ]©-hm-Zyhpw XpS¿∂v 21 B\-I-tfm-sS-

bp≈ ]m≠n-ta-f-hp-am-Wv. ]m≠n-tafw Ah-km-\n-

°p-∂-tXmsS CS-Xp-`m-KØv NmØ-°pSw imkvXm-

hn-s\m-sSm∏w Duc-I-Ø-Ω-Xn-cp-h-Snbpw, he-Xp-`m-

KØv tN¿∏v K-h-Xnbpw 71¬∏cw B\-I-fpsS AI-

º-Sn-tbmsS AWn-\n-c-°p-∂p. sshIp-WvT-Øn¬

A\-¥-im-bn -bmb km£m¬ alm-hnjvWp

e£vaotZ-hn-tbmSpw `qan-tZhntbmSpw IqSn hncm-

Pn-°p-I-bm-sW∂mWv k¶-ev]w. Zriy-{im-hy-kp-

μ-c-amb Cu Iqń-sb-gp-∂-≈n-∏n\v km£yw hln-

°m≥ ]c-k-l{kw `‡-P-\-ßƒ HØp-tN-cp-∂p.

`qan-tZ-hn-tbmSpw e£van-tZ-hn-tbmSpw H∏w Fgp-

∂≈n \n¬°p∂ tXh-tcbpw, tZhn-am-tcbpw Hcp-

an®v {]Z-£nWwsh®p sXmgp-∂Xv k¿Δ-tZm-j-l-

chpw k¿Δm-ò-jvS-Zm-b-I-hp-am-Wv.

aμm-c-°-S-hnse Bdm´v

Bdm-´p-]pg]qcw Znhkw A¿≤-cm-{Xn-ap-X¬

aμm-c-°-S-hn¬ KwKm-tZ-hn-bpsS km∂n-[y-ap-≠m-

Ip-sa-∂mWv hnizm-kw. tXh¿ ssIX-h-f-∏n¬

h∂m¬ tZhn-am-cpsS Bdm v XpS-ßp-I-bm-bn. hnj-

lm-cn-bmb IS-em-t»cn ]njm-cn-°¬ K-h-Xn-bmWv

BZyw Bdm-Sp-∂-Xv. XpS¿∂v a‰p-tZ-hn-amcpw Bdm-

Sp-∂p. Iqń-sb-gp-∂-≈n-∏n-\p-tijw hnf-°m-Nm-cw,

tIfn-]‰v F∂nh Ign-™m¬ tXhcpw Duc-I-Ø-

Ω-Øn-cp-h-Snbpw tN¿∏v `K-h-Xnbpw Bdm-ń-\mbn

]cn-]m-h-\-amb aμmcwIS-hn-te°v Fgp-∂-≈p-∂p.

ChnsS {]tXyIw k÷-am-°n-bn-´p≈ afi-]-

Øn¬ tZho -tZ -h -∑msc Cd-°n-sb-gp-∂-≈n-°pw. Duc-Iw,Xr{]-bm¿, A¥n-°mS v t£{X-ßƒ°v hnim-e-amba μ m c w I S - h n ¬afi-]-ap-≠m-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ah-Im-i-ap-≠v . C{X-b -[nIwtZho tZh∑mcpw`‡-P-\-ßfpw ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ Bdm v tIc-f-Øn-e-Xy-]q¿Δ-am-Wv.

]c -a -] -hn - {X -amb Cu Bdm-ń¬

]Xn -\m -bn -c -°-W-

- 155 -


°n\v `‡-P-\-ßƒ ]s¶-SpØv \n¿hr-Xn-b-S-bp-

∂p. Bdm-ń-\p-tijw Duc-I-Ø-Ω-Xn-cp-h-Snbpw

tXhcpw Hcp-an®v Bdm-´p-]pg t£{X-Øn-te-

°p≈ hgn-at≤y iwJv apg-°p-∂p. Duc-I-Ø-Ω-

Xn-cp-h-Sn-bm-Wv Bdm-´p-]p-g-t£{Xw BZyw {]Z-

£nWw sh°p-∂-Xv.

HmNmcw

Xr{]bm¿ tXh¿ Bdm-ń\v aμmcw IS-hn-

te°v bm{X-bm-bm¬ BXn-tY-b-\mb Bdm-´p-

]pg imkvXmhv ]pd-tØ°v Fgp-∂-≈p-I-bm-bn.

t£{Xw {]Z-£n-Ww-sh®v bm{X-bm-Ip∂ tZho-

tZ-h-∑m¿°v HmNmcw ]d-bp∂ NS-ßmWv ]n∂o-

Sv. tN¿∏v K-h-Xn°pw Duc-I-Ø-Ω-Xn-cp-h-Sn°pw

tXh¿°pw imkvXmhv "Ggp -I≠w' hsc

AIºSn t]mIp-∂p.

AhnsS sh®v Bdm-´p-]pg t£{X-Øns‚

PyuXn-jn-I≥ KWn® ASpØ h¿j-Ønse ]qc-

Øns‚ XnøXn Bdm-´p-]pg tZhkzw {]Xn-\n[n

hnfw-_cw sNøp-∂p. cmP-Iob Inco-S-Øns‚

kqN-I-amb aIpSw Hgn-

hm-°n-bmWv tXh-cpsS

aS -°-bm - {X. ASpØ

h¿jsØ ao\-am -k-

Ønse {]Xo-£-bp-ambn

Cud-\-Wn™ IÆp-I-

tfmsS `‡¿ imkvXm-

hn\v AI-º-Sn -bmbn

t£{X-Øn-te-°v.

{Kma-_en

{Kma-c-£-I-\mb

Bdm-´p-]pg imkvXmhv

{Kmaw apgp-h≥ k©-cn®v

P\-ß-fn¬ A\p-{K-l-

h¿jw sNmcn -bp -∂p.

{Kma-Øns‚ c£-bmWv

{Kma-_-en-sIm≠v Dt±-in-®n-´p-≈-Xv. k‘y-°p-

tijw {io`p-X-_en Ign™v t£{X-]m-e-I\v Xqhp-

∂-Xn-\p-apºv hen-b-]m-Wn-sImń {Kma-_-en°v

imkvXm-hns\ Fgp-∂-≈n-°p-∂p. ]qc-]m-c-h-iy-

Øn¬ kpJ-kp-jp-]v-Xn-bn-em-≠p-t]mb Bdm-´p-]p-

g-bnse tXh¿tdmUneqsS Fgp-∂-≈p∂ imkvXm-

hns\ kzoI-cn-°m≥ ‡-P-\-ßƒ \nd-]-dbpw \ne-

hn-f-°p-ambn ImØp-\n¬°pw. Pem-i-bw, t£{Xw,

\m¬h-gn-°q-´v, s]cp-h-gn, DØa hr£w, {Kma-

Øns‚ \me-Xn-cp-Iƒ F∂n-hnSßfn-sems°

X{¥n _en-Xq-h-Ww. Bdm-´p-]p-g-bn¬\n∂p ]pd-

s∏- m¬ hnim-e-amb ]mS-Øp-IqSn sIm‰w-Ip-f-ßc,

ssaºn-f-fn, Duc-Iw, InSm-bv°p-f-ß-c, Abn-\n-°mSv,

apØp-≈n-bm-ev, tN¿∏v, ta°m-hv, s]cp-h-\w, Xncp-

hp-≈-°m-hv, h√-®n-d, NmØ-°p-Sw, ]nSn-°-∏-d-ºv,

]njm-cn-°¬, sXmń-∏mƒ F∂o t£{X-ß-fnepw

kμ¿in®v XncnsI Bdm-´p-]pg t£{X-Øn¬

FØn t£{X-]m-e-I\v _en-Xqhn {Kma-_en Ah-

km-\n-∏n-°p-∂p. ]n∂oSv sImSn-°p-tØm-Sp-IqSn ]qc-

Øns‚ F√m NS-ßpIƒ°pw ]cn-k-am-]vXn-bm-bn.

Fw. cmtP-{μ≥ : Bdm-´p-]pg IΩn-‰n-bn¬ 1985 apX¬ {]h¿Øn-®p-h-cp-∂p. tPmbn‚ v

sk{I-´-dn, sk{I-´dn F∂ ]Z-hn-Iƒ Ae-¶-cn-®n-´p-≠v. Ign™ 12 sIm√-ambn {]kn-U‚mbn

{]h¿Øn-®p-h-cp-∂p.

Makarajyothi 2011 page 101-156

Education

Transcript of Makarajyothi 2011 page 101-156