Lecture V: Terrestrial Planets & Summary 1.Plate Tectonics 2.Atmospheres & Spectra 3.Geophysical...
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Transcript of Lecture V: Terrestrial Planets & Summary 1.Plate Tectonics 2.Atmospheres & Spectra 3.Geophysical...
Lecture V: Terrestrial Planets &Summary
1. Plate Tectonics2. Atmospheres & Spectra3. Geophysical Cycles
4. Future Exploration
Super-Earth ModelInput: M, Psurf, Tsurf, guess R, gsurf, composition
Output: R, ρ(r), P(r), g(r), m(r), phase transitions, D, ...
Plate tectonics on Super-Earths
Plate tectonics - more robust for higher masses:
< Thinner plates, stronger stress
(Valencia, O’Connell,Sasselov 2007)
Super-Earths geochemistry,e.g. the Carbonate-silicate cycle, or Sulfur cycle, etc.
Planets of differentinitial conditionsare “driven” to aset of geochemicalequilibria by global geo-cyclesover geologicaltimescales.
e.g., Halevy & Schrag (2008)
Photometric Light Curves Micromagnitude variability from planet phase changes
• Space-based: MOST (2005), COROT (2007), Kepler (~2009)
• m=2.5 (Rp/D)22/3/(sin() + (-)cos())
Scattering Phase Functions and Polar Plots
Seager, Whitney, & Sasselov 2000Forward throwing & “glory”
MgSiO3 (solid), Al2O3 (dashed), and Fe(s)
Atmosphere:
Theoretical Transmission Spectra of HD 209458 b
Wavelength (nm)
Occ
ulte
d A
rea
(%)
Seager & Sasselov (2000)
Spectrum for HD 189733bObtained by transit transmission & eclipse emission
Wavelength
Inve
rse
Res
idua
l Flu
x
The “Tree of super-Earths”S
uper
-Ear
ths
Mini-Neptunes
OceanPlanets /WaterPlanets
TerrestrialPlanets /Dry, RockyPlanets
Fe -richmantle
?H2O -richmantle
?
?
?
?
(Sasselov, 2008, Nantes)