LECTURE DATELECTURER 2/5/2013 Aaron Pascal Mauck Colonial Medicine.

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LECTURE DATE LECTURER 2/5/2013 Aaron Pascal Mauck Colonial Medicine

Transcript of LECTURE DATELECTURER 2/5/2013 Aaron Pascal Mauck Colonial Medicine.

Page 1: LECTURE DATELECTURER 2/5/2013 Aaron Pascal Mauck Colonial Medicine.

LECTURE

DATE LECTURER2/5/2013 Aaron Pascal Mauck

Colonial Medicine

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STRUCTURE OF LECTURE

I. Theories of Disease Causation

II. Disease and Modernity

III. Arranging Colonial Space

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Theories of Disease Causation

I. Classical Contagionism

II. Miasma Theory

III. Alternative & Mixed Explanatory Models

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Classical Contagionism

επί ="upon or above" δήμος = "people"

Varro & Cicero: Disease possibly Caused by “tiny animals

Some diseases widely considered contagious,e.g. leprosy and plague

Period of contagiousness40 days (classical origin)

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Representation of Cholera as Caused by Miasma

Miasma Theory

Classical Origins

Μίασμα = "pollution”

Disease Caused bynoxious emanationsfrom rotting matter

Malaria = “bad air”

Growing Support inEarly 19th century

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Alternative and Mixed Models

Rudolph Virchow 1821-1902

William Farr: Zymotic Disease

Rudoph Virchow, Louis-ReneVillerme: Social Medicine &Disease Predisposition

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Alternative and Mixed Models

Rudolph Virchow 1821-1902

William Farr: Zymotic Disease

Rudoph Virchow, Louis-ReneVillerme: Social Medicine &Disease Predisposition

WHAT WERE THE STAKES?

Contagion, Miasma, & Predisposition imply very different responses todisease

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Disease and Modernity: Assessing causation in the context of social change

I. Cholera

II. Sleeping Sickness

III. Typhus

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CholeraThree Pandemics in Nineteenth Century:

1817-1824, 1829-1851, 1852-1860

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Explaining Cholera

Rooted in Massive EconomicAnd Demographic Disruption

Global Flows of Goods and People Globalize the Transmission of the Disease:Endemic Disease Pandemic Disease

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Social Disruption Due to Warfare

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MADRAS FAMINES, 1877

Social Disruption due to

Ecological Catastrophe

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CHOLERA VACCINATION OF THIRD GHURKA CORPS, 1893

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Explaining Sleeping Sickness

Rooted in Demands of Colonial Expansion and Settlement

Shared Ecology of Humans, Livestock, and Flies

Sleeping Sickness Control and Eradication Efforts Linked to The colonial effort

Aligning interests of tropical Medicine researchers and Colonizers

Medicine as “compensation”

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FRENCH AFRICAN COLONIAL MEDICAL SERVICEFIELD TEAM, C. 1905

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PATIENTS BROUGHT TO MENGO HOSPTIAL, UGANDA, ON VINE STRETCHERS, C. 1890

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MAKESHIFT CLINIC,BIRA, UGANDA, 1899

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GRALL HOSPITAL, SAIGON F. 1873 LANESSAN HOSPITAL,HANOI, F. 1893

PRINCIPAL HOSPITAL, DAKAR, F. 1882

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AMI POST, C. 1900

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JOHANNESBURG GENERAL HOSPITAL BLACK MALE WARD C. 1905

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Explaining Typhus

Caused By Everyday Social and Economic Disruptions:Poverty, Labor Flows, Poor and Cramped Living Conditions

Endemic Until ~1870 in Europe, then in decline

Change rooted in Entrenchment of liberalEconomic order

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Arranging Colonial Space

I.Sacred and Profane (Durkheim), Purity and Danger (Douglas)

II. Racializing Social Distance

III. Medicalizing Social Distance

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SIR ALBERT COOK, TAKING TEA,MENGO HOSPTIAL, UGANDAC. 1890.

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JOHANNESBURG GENERAL HOSPITAL OPERATING ROOM, C. 1905

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FIRST CLASS OF ‘INDIGENOUS COLONIAL PHYSICIANS’ANTANARIVO MEDICAL SCHOOL, MADAGASCAR, 1903