LECTURE DATELECTURER 2/5/2013 Aaron Pascal Mauck Colonial Medicine.
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Transcript of LECTURE DATELECTURER 2/5/2013 Aaron Pascal Mauck Colonial Medicine.
LECTURE
DATE LECTURER2/5/2013 Aaron Pascal Mauck
Colonial Medicine
STRUCTURE OF LECTURE
I. Theories of Disease Causation
II. Disease and Modernity
III. Arranging Colonial Space
Theories of Disease Causation
I. Classical Contagionism
II. Miasma Theory
III. Alternative & Mixed Explanatory Models
Classical Contagionism
επί ="upon or above" δήμος = "people"
Varro & Cicero: Disease possibly Caused by “tiny animals
Some diseases widely considered contagious,e.g. leprosy and plague
Period of contagiousness40 days (classical origin)
Representation of Cholera as Caused by Miasma
Miasma Theory
Classical Origins
Μίασμα = "pollution”
Disease Caused bynoxious emanationsfrom rotting matter
Malaria = “bad air”
Growing Support inEarly 19th century
Alternative and Mixed Models
Rudolph Virchow 1821-1902
William Farr: Zymotic Disease
Rudoph Virchow, Louis-ReneVillerme: Social Medicine &Disease Predisposition
Alternative and Mixed Models
Rudolph Virchow 1821-1902
William Farr: Zymotic Disease
Rudoph Virchow, Louis-ReneVillerme: Social Medicine &Disease Predisposition
WHAT WERE THE STAKES?
Contagion, Miasma, & Predisposition imply very different responses todisease
Disease and Modernity: Assessing causation in the context of social change
I. Cholera
II. Sleeping Sickness
III. Typhus
CholeraThree Pandemics in Nineteenth Century:
1817-1824, 1829-1851, 1852-1860
Explaining Cholera
Rooted in Massive EconomicAnd Demographic Disruption
Global Flows of Goods and People Globalize the Transmission of the Disease:Endemic Disease Pandemic Disease
Social Disruption Due to Warfare
MADRAS FAMINES, 1877
Social Disruption due to
Ecological Catastrophe
CHOLERA VACCINATION OF THIRD GHURKA CORPS, 1893
Explaining Sleeping Sickness
Rooted in Demands of Colonial Expansion and Settlement
Shared Ecology of Humans, Livestock, and Flies
Sleeping Sickness Control and Eradication Efforts Linked to The colonial effort
Aligning interests of tropical Medicine researchers and Colonizers
Medicine as “compensation”
FRENCH AFRICAN COLONIAL MEDICAL SERVICEFIELD TEAM, C. 1905
PATIENTS BROUGHT TO MENGO HOSPTIAL, UGANDA, ON VINE STRETCHERS, C. 1890
MAKESHIFT CLINIC,BIRA, UGANDA, 1899
GRALL HOSPITAL, SAIGON F. 1873 LANESSAN HOSPITAL,HANOI, F. 1893
PRINCIPAL HOSPITAL, DAKAR, F. 1882
AMI POST, C. 1900
JOHANNESBURG GENERAL HOSPITAL BLACK MALE WARD C. 1905
Explaining Typhus
Caused By Everyday Social and Economic Disruptions:Poverty, Labor Flows, Poor and Cramped Living Conditions
Endemic Until ~1870 in Europe, then in decline
Change rooted in Entrenchment of liberalEconomic order
Arranging Colonial Space
I.Sacred and Profane (Durkheim), Purity and Danger (Douglas)
II. Racializing Social Distance
III. Medicalizing Social Distance
SIR ALBERT COOK, TAKING TEA,MENGO HOSPTIAL, UGANDAC. 1890.
JOHANNESBURG GENERAL HOSPITAL OPERATING ROOM, C. 1905
FIRST CLASS OF ‘INDIGENOUS COLONIAL PHYSICIANS’ANTANARIVO MEDICAL SCHOOL, MADAGASCAR, 1903