Lecture 29 Vector Product; Torque and Angular Acceleration.pdf

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LECTURE 29: TOPICS Vector Product Torque Angular Acceleration

description

Physics slides; re-upload; not mine

Transcript of Lecture 29 Vector Product; Torque and Angular Acceleration.pdf

Page 1: Lecture 29 Vector Product; Torque and Angular Acceleration.pdf

LECTURE 29: TOPICS• Vector Product• Torque• Angular Acceleration

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Vector Product

a quantity that has both magnitude and direction

Review:VECTOR

SCALARPRODUCT

A·B = |A| |B| cos(θ)

Work = F·d

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Vector Product

|AxB| = |A| |B| sin(θ)MAGnitude

DIRECTIONRight hand rule

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Vector Product  

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Vector Product

|AxB| = |A| |B| sin(θ)MAGnitude

sin(θ) is maximum at 90oMAX:

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Vector Product

A

B

C

D

A B C Dx x<|              | |              |

Direction: Into  the  page

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TORQUE

Affects the translational motionof a body (unit = Newton, N)

Review:FORCE

 

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TORQUE

Describes the tendency of the forceto change the state of rotationalMotion (unit = Newton-meter, Nm)

TORQUE

 

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TORQUE

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TORQUE  

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TORQUE

 

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Question:  If  you  cannot  exert  enough  torque  to  turn  a  stubborn  bolt,  would  more  torque  be  produced  if  you  fastened  a  length  of  rope  to  the  wrench  handle  as  shown?

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Question:  If  you  cannot  exert  enough  torque  to  turn  a  stubborn  bolt,  would  more  torque  be  produced  if  you  fastened  a  length  of  rope  to  the  wrench  handle  as  shown?

Answer:    No,  because  the  lever  arm  is  the  same.  To  increase  the  lever  arm,  a  better  idea  would  be  to  use  a  pipe  that  extends  upward.

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Given  the  following  situations,  

What  is  the  direction  of  the  torque?

 

 

   

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Given  the  following  situations,  

    CCW  (+  torque)     CW(-­‐  torque)  

What  is  the  direction  of  the  torque?

 

 

   

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Given  the  following  situation,  

Will  the  fan  blade  rotate?

 

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Recall:  right  hand  rule  ☺  CCW:  torque  is  positive  (upward)  CW:  torque  is  negative  (downward)

Three  ways  to  calculate  torque:

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Three  ways  to  get  torque:  1.  τ  =  Fl

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Three  ways  to  get  torque:  1. τ  =  Fl  2. τ  =  FrsinФ

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Three  ways  to  get  torque:  1. τ  =  Fl  2. τ  =  FrsinФ  3. τ  =  Ftanr

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Sample  Problem:  A  plumber,  unable  to  loosen  a  pipe  fitting,  slips  a  piece  of  scrap  pipe  (cheater)  over  his  wrench  handle.  He  then  applies  his  full  weight  of  900N  to  the  end  of  the  cheater  by  standing  on  it.  The  distance  form  the  center  of  the  fitting  to  the  point  where  the  weight  acts  is  0.80m,  and  the  wrench  handle  and  the  cheater  make  an  angle  of  19o  with  the    horizontal.  Find  the  magnitude  of  the  torque  he  applies  about  the  center  of  the  pipe  fitting.

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(a)  First  calculate  the  lever  arm  l,  using  the  diagram:

Then  the  magnitude  of  the  torque  is:

Or  using  r:

Or  using  Ftan:

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TORQUE  

Angular  acceleration:  α  [rad/s2]

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Sample  Problem:  Acceleration  of  a  primitive  yoyoFind  the  downward  acceleration  of  the  cylinder  and  the  tension  in  the  string

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The  equation  of  motion  in  translation  is:

Moment  of  inertia  from  the  center  is:

The  equation  of  the  rotation  motion  is:

The  string  unwinds  without  slipping  so:

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4  and  5)

(6  and  7)Eliminate  α  in  (3)  using  5  and  solving  (3)  and  (1)  yields:

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Sample  Problem:  Unwinding  Cable  (again)  A  cable  is  wrapped  several  times  around  a  uniform  solid  cylinder  that  can  rotate  about  its  axis.  The  cylinder  has  diameter  0.120m  and  mass  50kg.  The  cable  is  pulled  with  a  force  of  9.0N.  Assuming  that  the  cable  unwinds  without  stretching  or  slipping,  what  is  its  acceleration?

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Therefore  the  acceleration  is:

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Sample  Problem  (Tipler)  To  get  some  exercise  without  going  anywhere,  you  set  your  bike  on  a  stand  so  that  the  rear  wheel  is  free  to  turn.  As  you  pedal,  the  chain  applies  a  force  of  18N  to  the  sprocket  at  a  distance  of  18N  to  the  sprocket  at  a  distance  of  rs  =  7cm  from  the  axle  of  the  wheel.  Consider  the  wheel  to  be  a  hoop  (I  =  MR2)  of  radius  R  =  35cm  and  mass  2.4kg.  What  is  the  angular  velocity  of  the  wheel  after  5s?

Note:    Force  is  constant:  angular  acceleration  is  constant,  we  use  formula  for  motion  with  constant  angular  acceleration  ☺

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Angular  acceleration  is  related  to  angular  velocity  and  time  by:

Motion  is  rotational  only;  rotational  version  of  Newton’s  2nd  law:

The  torque  acting  on  the  system  is  due  to  force  F  on  lever  arm  rs

(1)

(2,3)

(4)

 

   

 

 

 

Substituting  (4)  to  (3)  and  substitute  the  given:

From  angular  acceleration,  we  the  angular  speed  as:

(5)

(6)

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Sample  Problem  (Tipler)  A  cue  stick  hits  a  cue  ball  horizontally  a  distance  x  above  the  center  of  the  ball.  Find  the  value  of  x  for  which  the  cue  ball  will  roll  without  slipping  from  the  beginning.  Express  your  answer  in  terms  of  the  radius  R  of  the  ball.

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Torque  about  the  center  of  the  ball  with  (lever  arm,  x)

Newton’s  2nd  Law  for  translation  and  rotational  motion:

Rolling  without  slipping:

Express  a  and  α  in  terms  of  force  F:

 

   

 

 

Solve  for  x  noting  that  for  a  solid  sphere:  

x  becomes:

 

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Seatwork

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Seatwork  1  to  12:  Calculate  the  torque  (magnitude  and  direction)  about  point  O  due  to  force  F.    The  force  F  and  the  rod  both  lie  in  the  plane  of  the  page,  the  rod  has  length  4.00m  and  the  force  has  magnitude  F  =  10.0N.

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Seatwork  answers

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Answers:  SW  1  to  12  2  points  per  letter    (1pt  magnitude,  1pt  direction)  (a) 40.0Nm              out  of  the  page  (b)    34.6Nm                out  of  the  page  (c)      20.0Nm                out  of  the  page  (d) 17.3Nm                  into  the  page  (e)  Zero  (f)    Zero