Lecture 2 on J/ suppression

79
Lecture 2 on J/ suppression 1. Charmonium bound states 2. Screening effects in the plasma 3. Experimental results 4. Life (for physicist) is tough Michel GONIN

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Michel GONIN. Lecture 2 on J/  suppression. 1. Charmonium bound states. 2. Screening effects in the plasma. 3. Experimental results. 4. Life (for physicist) is tough. l D depends on the temperature. . quarkonia. q. q. Lattice QCD.  ’. . T > T c. .  = 0. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Lecture 2 on J/ suppression

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Lecture 2 on J/ suppression

1. Charmonium bound states

2. Screening effects in the plasma

3. Experimental results

4. Life (for physicist) is tough

Michel GONIN

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D depends on the temperature

r

rZer D )/exp(

)(

204 en

kTD

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qq quarkonquarkoniaia

Satz et al.Satz et al.

Successive (vs. temperature) melting for the Successive (vs. temperature) melting for the quarkoniaquarkonia

T > TT > Tcc = 0

Lattice QCD

Signals for the DeconfinementSignals for the Deconfinement

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Satz et al.

1 32 4 5

Suppression

ψ’ χ ψ

Quakonia Quakonia ScreeningScreening

ψ’

40 Tc 1.0

χ 240 Tc 1.0

ψ 670 1.4 Tc 3.8

’ 640 1.4 Tc 3.8

1100 3.2 Tc 100

Bounding Energy Bounding Energy (MeV)(MeV)

Screening Screening TemperatureTemperature

Energy densityEnergy density (GeV/fm3)(GeV/fm3) ε

ε

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NA50 at CERNNA50 at CERN

Electromagnetic Electromagnetic desintegrationdesintegration

cc

cc

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J/J/ e e++ee–– identified in RICH

and EMCal– || < 0.35

– p > 0.2 GeV

J/J/μμ++μμ––

identified in 2 fwd spectrometers– 1.2 < || < 2.4

– p > 2 GeV

How does PHENIX see the J/How does PHENIX see the J/ ? ?

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Cathode-strip chambers = 24000 voies analogiques / bras Pistes = 1cm (barycentre) = 100m Bruit/Signal ~ 1% ADC 11 bits, 4 échantillons temporels à 100 ns

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d-Au d-Au samplesample

Mass Resolution ~ 100 MeV

Di-electron analysis Di-muons analysis

Mass Resolution ~ 150 MeV

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peripheral

central

NA50 at CERN …NA50 at CERN …

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Short history of RHICYear Ions sNN Luminosity Detectors J/

2000 Au-Au 130 GeV 1 b-1 Central (electrons)

0

2001 Au-Au 200 GeV 24 b-1

Central 13 + 0 [1]

2002 p-p 200 GeV 0.15 pb-1 + 1 muon arm 46 + 66 [2]

2002 d-Au 200 GeV 2.74 nb-1

Central 300+800+600

2003p-p 200 GeV 0.35 pb-1 + 2 muon arms

100+300+120

2004 Au-Au 200 GeV 300 nb-1 ! taking data ! ~400+2x1600

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NA5NA500

Ordinary Ordinary absorptionabsorption

ANOMALOUS

J/SUPPRESSION

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EZDC (GeV)

Beam

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With E T With EZCD

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Satz et al.

Suppression

1 32 4 5

ψ’ χ ψ

ε

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Satz et al.

Suppression

1 32 4 5

ψ’ χ ψ

ε

NA50NA50

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ψ’ χ ψEvidence forEvidence for

Screening Screening EffectsEffects

NA50NA50

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Satz et al.

Suppression

1 32 4 5

ψ’ χ ψ

ε

ψ’

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DECONFINEMENT !!DECONFINEMENT !!!!

Heavy Ion Heavy Ion PhysicsPhysics

High High Energy Energy PhysicsPhysics

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Heavy Ion

Physicists

Life is Life is toughtough

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ψ’

40 Tc 1.0

χ 240 Tc 1.0

ψ 670 1.4 Tc 3.8

’ 640 1.4 Tc 3.8

1100 3.2 Tc 100

not exactely not exactely ……

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t = 0

J/ψ J/ψ 10 fm/c t 20 fm/c

- Screening effects

- hard gluon scattering

Deconfinement

WITH PLASMA

Hadronization

c c

t 2 fm/c mixed

phasec d

c d

Hadronic gas

Freeze-out

D D t 5 fm/c

c c

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Regeneration : answer from Regeneration : answer from RHIC RHIC

R.Rapp

S-UPb-Pb

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Satz et al.

Suppression

1 32 4 5

ψ’ χ ψ

ε

ψ’

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Heavy Ion

Physicists

Life is Life is toughtough

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J/ ++ protons (neutrons) open charm

D-

D+

CHARMONIA DISSOCIATIONCHARMONIA DISSOCIATION

J/J/

pp

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Glauber absorption Glauber absorption modelmodel

Rarely produced (no multi-production)Rarely produced (no multi-production)

Uniforme (inside the nucleus) production Uniforme (inside the nucleus) production probabilityprobability Short (Short ( 1fm/c) formation time 1fm/c) formation time

L = path lengthL = path length

abs.

straight line trajectoriesstraight line trajectories

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model

data

Does it Does it work ??work ??

Yes

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J/

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Glauber absorption Glauber absorption modelmodel

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Glauber absorption Glauber absorption modelmodel

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antiproton

CERN :CERN : abs. = 21.4 = 21.4 2 2 mbmb

BNL :BNL : abs. = 24.8 = 24.8 3 3 5 5 mbmb

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Glauber absorption Glauber absorption modelmodel

Drell-Yan

no no absorption absorption

abs. 0 0

Drell-YanDrell-Yan

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J/

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J/

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Ordinary Ordinary dissociatiodissociationn

p-A p-A p-p p-p

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Heavy Ion

Physicists

Life is Life is toughtough

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t = 0

10 fm/c t 20 fm/c

- Screening effects

- hard gluon scattering

Deconfinement

WITH PLASMA

Hadronization

c c

t 2 fm/c mixed

phasec d

c d

Hadronic gas

Freeze-out

D D t 5 fm/c

c c

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t = 0

0.3 fm/c t 0.9 fm/c J/ψ

c c

1.5 fm/c t 2 fm/c

10 fm/c t 20 fm/c

c c + nucleons

J/ψ + nucleons

J/ψ + ,,,…

Nucleons

Comovers

WITHOUT PLASMA

produced hadrons

Freeze-out

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Failure of the comover calculations to reproduce the data

Satz et al.

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Failure of the comover calculations to reproduce the data

Gale et al.

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640 MeV

-135 MeV

385 MeV

comvabsσ Comover

s

UrQMD

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Wong et al.

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comvabsσnucl

absσ = 6.2 mb = 0.6 mb

A. Capella

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comvabsσnucl

absσ

6.2 mb 0.6 mb

5.0 mb 1.2 mb

4.0 mb 2.0 mb

Failure of the comover calculations to reproduce the data

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20020033

The comover calculations to reproduce the data

comvabsσnucl

absσ = 4.0 mb 1.0 mb

Capella

Cassing

S+U

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Capella 2002Capella 1998

the comover calculations can reproduce the data

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the comover calculations to reproduce the data

20022002

THE THE COSTCOST

comvabsσ 1.0 mb ncomv 1 / fm3

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the comover calculations to reproduce the data

20022002

THE THE COSTCOST

comvabsσ 1.0 mb

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the comover calculations to reproduce the data

20022002

THE COSTTHE COSTncomv 1 / fm3

Cassing et al

B.Muller et al

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Heavy Ion

Physicists

Life is Life is toughtough

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Structure functions of the proton or Structure functions of the proton or neutronneutron

Diffusion cross sectionDiffusion cross section

dd A A FF11(x(x) + B ) + B FF22(x)(x)

FF11(x)(x) = 0.5 = 0.5 ii eeii22 n ni i (x(x) ) i = partonsi = partons

FF22(x)(x) = = 2x 2x

FF11(x)(x)

Cross section for Drell-Yan Cross section for Drell-Yan productionproduction

dd22 D [ D [FFqq(x(x11))FFqq (x(x22) ) + + FFqq(x(x22))FFqq

(x(x11)])]

F(x)F(x) F(x,F(x,Q2)) for low for low Q2 (QCD non-(QCD non-perturbative)perturbative)

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gluogluonsns

Inside a proton ….

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Influence of the « cold » nuclear medium on Influence of the « cold » nuclear medium on the quark (gluon) momentum distribution the quark (gluon) momentum distribution within a nucleon ?within a nucleon ?

PP11

,, DD xx11 PP11

xx22 PP11PP22

gg

gg, , BB

xxgluongluon m m (m(m))//ss

xxgluongluon == fraction of total fraction of total momentummomentum

s s xx EnergEnergyy

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Kimber et Kimber et al.al.

Gluon shadowing dans A Gluon shadowing dans A = 208= 208

Gluons distribution Gluons distribution

inside the nucleus inside the nucleus ????

xxgg

xxgg

Eskola et al.Eskola et al.

Structure fonctionsStructure fonctionsratio pp/pAratio pp/pA

Influence of the « cold » nuclear medium on Influence of the « cold » nuclear medium on the quark (gluon) momentum distribution the quark (gluon) momentum distribution within a nucleon ?within a nucleon ?

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RHICRHICCERNCERN

x

LHCLHC

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Deuteron Gold

• In PHENIX, J/ mostly produced by gluon fusion, and thus sensitive to gluon pdf

• Three rapidity ranges probe different momentum fraction of Au partons

– South (y < -1.2) : large X2 (in gold) ~ 0.090

– Central (y ~ 0) : intermediate X2 ~ 0.020

– North (y > 1.2) : small X2 (in gold) ~ 0.003

d

Au

X1 X2

J/ inNorthy > 0

X1X2

J/ inSouthy < 0

rapidity y

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ppdAR 1972/

Low x2

High x2

1972 ppdA

High x2

~ 0.09

Low x2

~ 0.003

Broadening comparable to lower energy (s = 39 GeV in E866)

RdA

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• Total cross section (preliminary)

BR pp = 159 nb ± 8.5 % (fit) ± 12.3% (abs)J

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Vogt, PRL 91:142301,2003 Kopeliovich, NP A696:669,2001

Low x2 ~ 0.003(shadowing region)

compared to lower s

Data favours (weak) shadowing + (weak) absorption ( > 0.92)With limited statistics difficult to disentangle nuclear

effects

RdA

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XF = Xd - XAu

• Not universal versus X2 : shadowing is not the whole story.

• Same versus XF for diff s. Incident parton energy loss ? (high Xd = high XF)

• Energy loss expected to be weak at RHIC energy.

X2 (in gold)E866: PRL 84, 3256 (2000)NA3: ZP C20, 101 (1983)

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NA5NA500

Ordinary Ordinary absorptionabsorption

ANOMALOUS

J/SUPPRESSION

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3232S - S - 238238UU

208208Pb - Pb - 208208PbPb

5858Fe - Fe - 5858FeFe

197197Au - Au - 197197AuAu

1616O - O - 1616OO

4040Ar - Ar - 4040ArAr

208208Pb – Pb – 208208PbPb

RH

ICR

HIC

LH

CLH

CS

PS

SP

S

11001100

640640 ’ ’

670670J/J/4040 ’’

Binding Binding Energy Energy (MeV)(MeV)

déconfinement«screening » of J/Psi et Upsilon-prime

QUARKONIA SUPPRESSION