laudato si page17-7-2015 2nd Edition -...

$: laudato si page17-7-2015 2nd Edition - Dukhranadukhrana.in/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/laudato-si.pdf · Bh¿Øn®v Hm¿Ωn∏n®ncp∂p. ... cpap≠m°m\p≈ am¿Kambn ImWp-∂-h-cp-≠v.$

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4

GG#pIII D≈S°w

apJhpc : ^m. B≥{Uqkv ta°m´pIpt∂¬ .... .........................5

BapJ]T\ßƒ1. \ΩpsS s]mXp`h\amb `qanbpsS \∑bv°v _nj∏v am¿ tPmk^v I√dßm´v ................. 14

2. e£yw ]pXnb Hcp PohnXssien _nj∏v am¿ tPmk^v I√dßm´v ................. 21

hnip≤ {^m≥knkv AkoknbpsS krjvSnIfpsS Io¿Ø\w ................................. 26

BapJw : Atß°p kvXpXn ......................................................... 28

A≤ymbw 1\ΩpsS s]mXp-`-h-\-Øn\v kw`hn°p∂Xv ........................ 38

1. aen\oIcWhpw ImemhÿmhyXnbm\hpw ....................... 39

2. Pe{]iv\w .......................................................................................... 44

3. ssPhsshhn[yßfpsS \miw ................................................. 46

4. a\pjyPohnXØns‚ \nehmcØf¿®bpw kaqlØns‚ XI¿®bpw ...................................... 51

5. BtKmfXe AkaXzßƒ......................................................... 54

6. Zp¿_eamb {]XnIcWßƒ .................................................... 58

7. hyXykvXm`n{]mbßƒ ............................................................... 62

A≤ymbw 2krjvSnbpsS kphntijw .................................................... 64

1 hnizmkw \evIp∂ shfn®w ....................................................... 64

2 ss__nƒ hnhcWßfnse ⁄m\w ................................... 65

3 {]]©amIp∂ clkyw ............................................................... 73

4 krjvSnbpsS GIkzcXbn¬ Hmtcm krjvSnbpsSbpw ktμiw ............. 77

5 BtKmf sFIyw .............................................................................. 80

6 hkvXp°fpsS s]mXpe£yw ..................................................... 82

7 CutimbpsS ISm£w................................................................... 84

A≤ymbw 3]mcnÿnXnI {]Xnk‘nIƒ°p≈ am\pjnI ImcWßƒ ................................. 88

1 kmt¶XnIhnZy ˛ k¿Ki‡nbpw IcpØpw ....................... 88

5

2 kmt¶XnI {]h¿Ø\ amXrIbpsS BtKmfhym]\w............. 91

3 B[p\nI a\pjytI{μhmZØns‚ sh√phnfnIfpw ̂ eßfpw ................. 97

A≤ymbw 4ka{K]cnÿnXn imkv{Xw ................................................... 111

1 kmºØnI kmaqlnI ]cnÿnXnimkv{Xw ...................... 111

2 kmwkv°mcnI ]cnÿnXnimkv{Xw....................................... 115

3 A\pZn\PohnXØnse ]cnÿnXnimkv{Xw ...................... 117

4 s]mXp\∑sb∂ XXzw ................................................................ 122

5 XeapdIƒ°nSbnse \oXn ........................................................ 123

A≤ymbw 5kao]\Øns‚bpw \S]SnbpsSbpw am¿KtcJ .............. 127

1 ]cnÿnXnsb°pdn®p≈ A¥¿tZiob Iq´mbvabnse kwhmZw ......................... 1272 tZiobhpw {]mtZinIhpamb ]pXnb \bßƒ°pth≠nbp≈ kwhmZw ................. 135

3 Xocpam\ßsfSp°p∂Xnse kwhmZhpw kpXmcyXbpw ........ 139

4 a\pjykm£mXv°mcØn\pth≠nbp≈ kwhmZØn¬ cmjv{Sobhpw kºZvLS\bpw ....... 142

5 aXhpw imkv{Xhpw XΩnep≈ kwhmZw ............................. 149

A≤ymbw 6]cnÿnXn hnZym`ymkhpw BflobXbpw ..................... 152

1 Hcp ]pXnb PohnX{IaØnte°v ............................................. 152

2 a\pjyhwihpw ]cnÿnXnbpw XΩnep≈ DSºSnsb°pdn®p≈ hnZym`ymkw............... 155

3 ]mcnÿnXnI am\km¥cw ....................................................... 160

4 B\μhpw kam[m\hpw .............................................................. 163

5 ]ckv]c kvt\lhpw cmjv{Sob kvt\lhpw ..................... 167

6 IuZminI ASbmfßfpw hn{iaØns‚ BtLmjhpw ......... 169

7 ]cnip≤ {XnXzhpw krjvSnIƒ XΩnep≈ _‘hpw ... 173

8 k¿hkrjvSnIfpsSbpw cm⁄n .............................................. 175

9 kqcy\∏pdw ....................................................................................... 176

\ΩpsS `qan°p th≠n-bp≈ {]m¿∞\.............................. 177

krjvSntbmsSmØp≈ {InkvXob {]m¿∞\ ................... 178 Ipdn∏pIƒ . ........................................................................................180

6

apJhpc

{^m≥knkv am¿]m∏mbpsS ]pXnb Nm{InIteJ\w 2015

Pq¨ 18˛mw XobXn {]kn≤oIrXambn. ]cnÿnXnsb

kw_‘n®p≈ Cu {]t_m[\w temIwapgph≥ Gsd

\mfpIfmbn henb {]Xo£tbmsS ImØncp∂XmWv.

Ct°mfPn AYhm ]cnÿnXnimkv{Xw C∂v FhnsSbpw apJy

N¿®mhnjbamWt√m.

ssZhw krjvSn® Cu {]]©w ImØpkq£n°m≥

a\pjy\p≈ ISasb°pdn®p ""lcnX]m∏m'' F∂dnbs∏´ncp∂,

_\UnIvSv ]Xn\mdma≥ \nc¥cw \sΩ A\p-kva-cn-∏n-®p-sIm-

≠n-cp-∂p. At±lØns‚ ]n≥Kman F∂ \nebn¬, {^m≥knkv

am¿]m∏m Xncpk`bn¬ XpScp∂ ss«lnI {]t_m[\Øns‚

ss\c¥cyw hy‡am°p∂XmWv Cu Nm{InIteJ\w. Ccp

]m∏mamcpsSbpw ho£WØn¬ ssZhw krjvSn® Cu

{]]©tØmSpw AXnep≈ kIeXnt\mSpw _‘s∏SpØn

am{Xta a\pjymkvXnXzØns‚ A¿∞w a\ nem°m\mhq.

hnip≤ tPm¨ t]mƒ am¿]m∏mbpw CtX Imcyw \sΩ

Bh¿Øn®v Hm¿Ωn∏n®ncp∂p.

hnip≤ {^m≥knkv AkoknbpsS hgntb

2013 am¿®v 13 \v tPm¿Pv acntbm _¿tKmfntbm

am¿]m∏mbmbn Xncs™Sp°s∏´t∏mƒ kzoIcn®

""{^m≥knkv'' F∂ \mawXs∂ At±lØn\p krjvS-{]-]-©-

tØm-Sp≈ lrZssbIyw hy‡am°p∂XmWv. Akoknbnse

hnip≤ {^m≥knkv ]cnÿnXnimkv{XØns‚ a[y-ÿ-\m-bm-

Wt√m Adnbs∏Sp∂Xv. am¿]m∏m F∂ \nebn¬ ]c-ky-am-

b¿∏n® BZy ]cnip≤ Ip¿_m\ at[y {^m≥knkv ]m∏m

C{]Imcw Blzm\w sNbvXp: “\ap°v Cu krjvS{]]©Øns‚

kwc£IcmImw. {]]©Øn¬ BteJ\w sNøs∏´ncn°p∂

ssZhnI]≤Xn ImØpkq£n°mw. \apt°mtcmcpØ¿°pw

]ckv]chpw {]IrXnbpsSbpw Imhev°mcmImw.”

7

hnip≤{KŸ shfn®Øn¬

krjvS{]]©w apgphs\bpw kwc£n°m\p≈

a\pjys‚ ISasb°pdn®p 2013 Pq¨ 5 \v temI]cnÿnXn

Zn\Øn¬ am¿]m∏m C{]Imcw A\pkvacn∏n®p: ""DØ-c-hm-Zn-

Xz-tØmsS Cu {]IrXnsb IrjnsNbvXpw ImØp]cn]men®pw

sIm≠v F√m a\pjy¿°pw hmktbmKyamb Hcp ]dp-Zo-k-bm°n

cq]m¥cs∏SpØphm\p≈ a\pjys‚ ISa ssZhnI]≤XnbpsS

`mKamWv''. ""`qanbn¬ \nd™v AXns\ IogS°phn≥'' (Dev]

1,28) F∂p a\pjyt\mSp Iev∏n® ssZhw, GZ≥tXm´w

IrjnsNøm\pw kwc£n°m\pamWt√m a\pjys\

AhnsSbm°nbXv (Dev] 2,15). am¿]m∏m Iq´nt®¿Øp:

""hnkvabtØmsS {]]©sØ t\m°n°mWm\pw AXn¬

{]Xn[z\n°p∂ ssZhnIkzcw {ihn°m\pw AXnse sNdpXpw

hepXpamb clkyßsf°pdn®p [ym\n°m\pw \ap°n∂p

kaban√. {]IrXnbnse ssZhnI ASbmfßƒ ImWm\pw

tIƒ°m\pw km[n°mØh¿ ssZhØn¬\n∂p Xs∂

AI∂pt]mIp∂p''. aqeyßƒ°p hneIev∏n°mØ kºZv

hyhÿsb \ninXambn hna¿in°p∂ ]m∏mbpsS A`n{]mb

Øn¬, C∂p Imcyßƒ \n¿Wbn°p∂Xp a\pjy\√; adn®v,

]WamWv.

a\pjyalXzhpw DØchmZnXzhpw

{^m≥knkv am¿]m∏m _\UnIvSv am¿]m∏mbpsS

NphSp]nSn®v, ]cnÿnXnsb a\pjy]cnÿnXnimkv{Xhpambn

(human ecology) _‘s∏SpØnbmWv AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv.

Hmtcm a\pjyhy‡nsb°pdn®pw, {]tXyIn®p Zcn{Zsc°pdn®v,

{i≤bp≈hcmbncn°m\pw ""hens®dnb¬'' kwkvImcsØ

Xs∂ hens®dn™v, sFIyZm¿Vykwkv°mcsØ t{]m’m-

ln-∏n-°m\pw am¿]m∏m k∑\ p≈ kIe a\pjyscbpw

Blzm\w sNøp∂p. ]cnÿnXnkwc£Ww Hcn°epw a\pjy

hy‡nXzØnt\m alXzØnt\m lm\n hcpØns°m≠mIcpXv

F∂pw am¿]m∏m ap∂dnbn∏p \evIp∂p≠v. krjvSnbv°p

aIpSambmWp ssZhw a\pjys\ krjvSn®ncn°p∂Xv. ]t£,

Ahsb NqjWwsNøm≥ a\pjy\hImian√; IrjnsNøm\pw

kwc£n°m\pw am{Xtabp≈p.

8

{]hmNIi_vZØn¬

Hcp a\pjy]cnÿnXn (human ecology) bpw {]IrXn

]cnÿnXn (enviornmental ecology) bpw XΩnep≈ At`Zyamb

_‘sØ°pdn®p _\UnIvSv am¿]m∏m kXyØn¬ kvt\lw

(51) F∂ Nm{InIteJ\Øn¬ C{]Imcw Du∂n∏d™p:

""{]IrXnbpsS A[x]X\w a\pjy kwkv°mcsØ _m[n°pw.

a\pjy]cnÿnXn BZcn°s∏Sp∂ kaqlØn¬ {]Ir-Xn-kw-

_-‘-amb ]cnÿnXnbpw am\n-°-s∏Spw kaqlØns‚

BtcmKyw {]IrXnbpambp≈ _‘sØ B{i-bn-®m-Wn-cn-°p-

∂Xv... hy‡nbpsS alXzsØ l\n°p∂ GXp kwKXnbpw

]cnÿnXnsb XI¿°pIbpw kaqlsØ \in∏n°pIbpw

sNøpw''. {^m≥knkv ]m∏m 2014 P\phcn 13 \v hØn°m≥

\bX{¥⁄tcmSp kwkmcn® thfbn¬, {]IrXnhn`hßsf

AXym¿ØntbmsS NqjWw sNøp∂Xp {]IrXnbpsS

k¥penXmhÿ \in∏n°psa∂pw {]IrXnt£m-`-ßƒ°p-

t]mepw ImcWamIpsa∂pw kqNn∏n®p. Cu {]hmNIi_vZw

Nm{InIteJ\ØnepS\ofw {ihn°mw.

bmYm¿∞ysØ°pdn®p≈ ka{Kho£Ww

Cu Nm{InIteJ\w a\pjys\ Ahs‚ ka{KXbn¬

AhtemI\w sNøp∂p≠v. ]cnÿnXn kwc£WØn¬

Aew`mhw ]pe¿Øp∂hsc ̨ ss{IkvXhcpƒs∏sSbp≈hsc

˛ ]m∏m Ip‰s∏SpØp∂p. ""]cnÿnXnkwc£WØn\p

Zo¿Lho£Ww BhiyamWv... s]s´∂p em`ap≠m°m≥

B{Kln°p∂h¿°p ]cnÿnXn kwc£WØn¬ bYm¿∞

Xmev]cyap≠mhn√''(36). Cu `qan hfsc°mew \ne-\n¬°p-

sa∂pw Ct∏mƒ H∂pw kw`hn°pIbns√∂pap≈ apS¥≥

\ymbßsf ]m∏m X≈n°fbp∂p. CXv Aew-`m-h-Øn-e-[n-jvTn-

X-amb at\m`mhamWv (59, 161). AtX kabw ]cnÿnXnkwc-

£Ww ]Whpw t]cpap≠m°m\p≈ am¿Kambn ImWp-∂-h-cp-

≠v. ]cnÿnXn {]m[m\yap≈ {]tZißƒ kwc£n°ms\∂

hymtP\ kmºØnI `oa∑m¿ Ch ÿnXn sNøp∂ cmjv{S-ß-

fn¬ CSs]S¬ \SØp∂p. BatkmWns\ A¥m-cm-jv{S-kz-

Ømbn {]Jym]n°m\p≈ \n¿t±iw _lpcmjv{SIº\nIfpsS

9

kmºØnI Xmev]cysØ kwc£n°m≥ am{Xap≈XmWv (38).

CXp kqNn∏n°p∂Xv ]cnÿnXn hnjbßfn¬ hyXykvX

Xmev]cy°m¿ D≠mImsa∂pw HmtcmcpØcpw Xßƒ°n-jvS-

ap≈ hn[Øn¬ hnjbsØ kao]nt®°msa∂pamWv.

]m∏mXs∂ FgpXnbXpt]mse, ""C°mcyßƒ N¿®-sN-øp-

tºmƒ AXnkq£vaamb k¥pe\w ]ment°≠Xp≠v” (38).Cu Nm{InIteJ\sØ th≠hn[w a\knem°m≥ Xmsg-

t®¿°p∂ hkvXpXIƒ klmbIamtb°mw.

1. FhnsSsb√mw {]IrXnkwc£WØns‚ Bh-iy-I-X-sb-°p-

dn®p kqNn∏n°p∂pthm AhnsSsb√mw AXns\°mƒ

i‡ambn a\pjykwc£WØns‚ BhiyIXsb°pdn®p

{^m≥knkv ]m∏m kwkmcn°p∂p≠v. Nne¿ sNøp∂Xp

t]mse, a\pjys\ ad∂p≈ ]cnÿnXn hmZsØ At±lw

A\pIqen°p∂n√. `qanbpsS \nehnfntbmsSm∏w Zcn{ZcpsS

\nehnfnbpw tIƒ°m\nSbmIpwhn[w \oXnbpsS hnjbßsf

Dƒt®¿°mØ ]cnÿnXnimkv{Xkao]\w kXyk‘a√

F∂t±lw IcpXp∂p (49). a\pjys\ Hcp hy‡nbmbn

ImWWsa∂pw hkvXphmbn XcwXmgvØcpsX∂pw FgpXm≥

At±lw aSn°p∂n√. ""F√m PohnIsfbpw Htc XeØn¬

{]XnjvTn°mt\m a\pjys‚ khntijaqeyw... A]l-cn-

°mt\m Dt±iyan√... Nnet∏msg¶nepw a\pjyhy‡nbpsS

k¿hmZcWobX \ntj[n°p∂ Zp»mTyßƒ D≠mImdp≠v.

F√ma\pjycpw Hcpt]mse ]¶psIm≈p∂ a\pjyalXzsØ

kwc£n°p∂Xns\°mƒ a‰p PohPmeßsf ]cn-]m-en-°p-

∂-Xn¬ AXnXo£vWX ImWn°p∂hcp≠v. \sΩ IqSpX¬

[m¿anItcmjw sIm≈nt°≠Xv GXm\pwt]¿ a‰p-≈-h-sc-

°mƒ tIa∑mcmbn Nabp∂Xp aqeap≠mIp∂ hº≥ Ak-a-

Xz-ß-fmWv'' (90). ""\ΩpsS ktlmZcßtfmSv B¿{ZXbpw

klm\p`qXnbpw ]cnKW\bpw Cs√¶n¬ {]IrXntbmSv \ap-

°p-s≠∂p `mhn°p∂ Bgtadnb Iq´mbva hmkvX-h-am-bn-cn-

°n√'' (91).

2. ]cnÿnXnimkv{Xkw_‘nbmb Nm{InIteJ\w am{Xambn

CXns\ HXp°n\ndpØp∂Xv DNnXa√. s]mXpkaqlØns‚

PohnXsØ kw_‘n°p∂ \nch[n [m¿anIhnjbßƒ

CXn¬ N¿®sNøs∏Sp∂p≠v. Zcn{ZcpsS \nehnfn Cu

10

Nm{InIteJ\Ønse kam¥c {]tabamsW∂p apºp

kqNn∏n®pht√m. {]mtbmKnIXmhmZhpw hens®dnb¬

kwkv°mchpw (122˛123), kmt¶XnIhnZymta[mhnXzhpw (102,114)

CXnepS\ofw ]cma¿in°s∏Sp∂p≠v. ItºmfkºZvLS\bpw

s]m≈bmb cmjv{Sob\ne]mSpIfpw hna¿in°s∏Sp∂p≠v.

sXmgnens\ kwc£nt°≠Xns‚ BhiyIX (124,129)

_tbmsSIvt\mfPn (130,136) ]cnWmahmZØns‚ A]cym]vXX

(81) {`qWlXy (50,117,120) am[yaßfpsS \∑bpw Zpxkzm[o\hpw

(47) ]m¿∏nSan√mbva (152) \KcßfpsS ho¿∏pap´¬ (44,147˛151)

XpSßn s]mXpkaqlw N¿®sNtø≠ \nch[n [m¿Ωn-I-hn-

j-b-ßƒ CXn¬ CSw]nSn®n´p≠v.

3. s]mXpkaqlsØ A`nkwt_m[\ sNøp∂XpsIm≠v

ssZhimkv{Xw CXn¬ {]Xn]mZn®n´ns√∂p IcptX≠Xn√.

krjvSnbpsS ssZhimkv{Xw ka{Kambn c≠ma[ymbØn¬

{]tXyIw AhXcn∏n®ncn°p∂p. Nm{InIteJ\ØnepS\ofw

Cu ssZhimkv{XNn¥m[mc ImWm\mIpw. ss{IkvXh

BflobXbpw (216˛232, 125˛126) Bcm[m\{IassZhimkv{Xhpw

(233˛237) bpKm¥ssZhimkv{Xhpsa√mw AXXns‚

ÿm\Øp≠v.

{]mtbmKnIPohnXØn¬

Cu Nm{InIteJ\w A\pZn\PohnXØnte°p≈

lrZblmcnbmb Nne \n¿t±ißƒ \evIp∂Xp {it≤bamWv.

1. ssZhhpambp≈ _‘Øn¬ \apt°mtcmcpØ¿°pw

hy‡n]cambn CjvSs∏´ Nne ÿeßfp≠mImw (\Ωƒ

P\n®p hf¿∂tXm, sNdp∏Imew Nnehgn®tXm, {]IrXn

kuμcyØm¬ \sΩ {]tXyIamwhn[w BI¿jn®tXm Bb

ÿeßƒ). ae\ncItfm, \o¿®mepItfm, ]p¬taSpItfm

BImaXv. B ÿeßfnte°p≈ aS°bm{X \jvSs∏´pt]mb

B¥cmwiw hos≠Sp°m\p≈ Ahkcamtb°mw (84).

2. Xs‚ ]nXmhn\m¬ krjvSn°s∏´ ]Zm¿∞hpambn Cutim

\nc¥c kº¿°Ønte¿s∏Sp∂ {]hrØnbmbncp∂p

AhnSpsØ A[zm\hpw sXmgnepw. I¿jI≥, Iev∏Wn°mc≥,

sI´nSw ]Wnbp∂h≥ F∂p XpSßn A[zm\n°p∂

11

F√mhscbpw t{]m’mln∏n°pIbpw Bizkn∏n°pIbpw

sNøp∂ Hcp Z¿i\amWnXv.

3. `£n®p Xo¿°m\mhp∂{X am{Xw ]mIwsNøp∂Xpw

s]mXpKXmKXkwhn[m\w D]tbmKn°p∂Xpw Hcp ÿe-

tØ°p bm{XsNøp∂h¿ ]e hml\ßƒ Hgnhm°n, H∂n¬

bm{XsNøm≥ ioen°p∂Xpw A\mhiyambn sXfn™p

InS°p∂ sshZypXshfn®w sISpØp∂Xpsa√mw \Ωƒ

]cnioent°≠ Imcyßfmbn ]m∏m AhXcn∏n°p∂p (211).

4. Pohs\ kvt\ln°m\pw _lpam\n°m\pw hkvXp°ƒ

IrXyambn D]tbmKn°m\pw ipNnXzhpw Nn´bpw ]Tn°m\pw

\Ωƒ ]cnioen°p∂Xp IpSpw_ØnemsW∂p ]m∏m

Hm¿an∏n°p∂p. AXn\m¬, IpSpw_sØ AhKWn°m≥ ]mSn√

(213).

5. ""B¥cnI acp`qanIƒ AXnhnimeambXpsIm≠mWv

_mlyacp`qanIƒ hfcp∂Xv'' (217). AXn\m¬, {]Ir-Xn-bp-am-

bp≈ kulrZw, kwKoXw, Ie, tkh\w, kplrZv_‘ßƒ

F∂nh hnIkn∏n°pIbpw (223) \nc¥camb _lfØnepw

RcºpIsf hen®papdp°p∂ tImemleßfnepw\n∂v

Db¿sØgpt∂ev°pIbpw thWw (225).

6. BlmcØn\p apºpw ]nºpw \Ωƒ ssZhØn\p IrX-⁄-

X-b¿∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn \nev°p∂ at\mlcamb ]mc-º-cy-Øn-

te°p aSßWw. \ΩpsS Poh≥ ssZhØnemWv B{i-bn-®n-cn-

°p-∂-sX∂v CXp \sΩ Hm¿Ωn∏n°p∂p (227).

7 . hnip≤ Ip¿_m\b¿∏WØns‚ A¿∞sØbpw

{]k‡nsbbpwIpdn®p ]Tn∏n°p∂ ]m∏m I¿Ømhns‚

ZnhkØn¬ hnip≤ Ip¿_m\bn¬ ]s¶Spt°≠Xns‚

BhiyIX hy‡am°p∂pap≠v (237).

k`m]nXm°∑mcpsS ]mXbn¬

ka{Khpw hnip≤{KŸm[njvTnXhpamb Hcp {]]-©-

Z¿i\w ]uckvXyk`m]nXm°∑mcpsS khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv.

{]IrXnbpsS t\¿°p≈ a\pjys‚ kao]\w A¤p-X-Øn-

s‚bpw hnkvabØnt‚Xpambncn°Wsa∂v A{^mØkpw

At{]w ]nXmhpw ]Tn∏n®p. thZ]pkvXIw t]mseXs∂

12

krjvS{]]©hpw ssZhsØ Nq≠n°mWn°p∂ km£n-I-

fmWv (At{]w, ]dpZokmKoXßƒ, 5,2). {]]©w apgph\nepw

ssZhØns‚ {]XoIßfpw {]Xncq]ßfpw Z¿in®ncp∂ am¿

At{]ans‚ ho£WØn¬, krjvS temIØns\mcp IuZm-in-

I-am-\-ap≠v (hnizmkKoXßƒ, 4,9). ]m]whgn \jvSs∏´ncp∂

{Iaw krjvSnIfn¬ ]p\xÿm]n®Xp aninlmbmWv. {^m≥knkv

Akoknbv°p \q‰m≠pIƒ°p aptº, ka{K]cnÿnXn

imkv{XsØ°pdn®p k`m]nXmhpw thZ]mcwKX\pamb

At{]w ]nXmhv hy‡amb `mjbn¬ ]Tn∏n®ncp∂p. Ch-cp-sS-

sb√mw kzm[o\w Cu ]pXnb Nm{InIteJ\Øn¬ ZriyamWv.

ssZhsØ kvXpXn°p∂ {]]©tØmSptN¿∂v

Cu Nm{InIteJ\Øns‚ t]cv (Atß°p kvXpXn)

Xs∂ krjvS{]]©Øns‚ AkvXnXze£yw hy‡-am-°p-∂-

Xm-Wv. krjvSn°s∏´sX√mw \ne\nev°p∂Xp ssZhalXzØn

\mbmWv. XßfpsS AkvXnXzwsIm≠v Ahsb√mw ssZhsØ

kvXpXn®psImt≠bncn°p∂p. kotdm˛ae_m¿ k`bpsS

{]`mX bma{]m¿∞\bnse (k{]m) k¶o¿Ø\ßfnepw

KoXßfnepw {]m¿∞\Ifnepw \Ωƒ ImWp∂Xv Cu

BibamWv. DZmlcWØn\v, RmbdmgvNIfnse kvXpXnKoXw

Bcw`n°p∂Xn{]ImcamWv:

k¿hNcmNc krjvSnItf,

Acnbat\m⁄ \`kvXeta,

I¿Ømhmw ]ctam∂Xs\

hmgvØn∏mSn \an®nSphn≥...

km[mcW Znhkßfnse {]mcw`{]m¿∞\ CXnepw

{it≤bamWv: ""I¿Ømth, krjvSnIsf√mw Aßsb

kvXpXn®mcm[n°p∂p. F¥psIms≠∂m¬ Aßv Ahsb

krjvSn®p. A¤pXIcambn ]cn]men®psIm≠ncn°pIbpw

sNøp∂p. krjvSnIƒ°p ImcW`qX\pw RßfpsS

kwc£I\pamb I¿Ømth, ]nXmhpw ]p{X\pw ]cnip≤m

flmhpamb k¿thizcm, Ft∂°pw, BtΩ≥''.

\μn\nd™ lrZbtØmsS

]uckvXyhnZym]oTØnse Nne A≤ym]I˛

hnZym¿∞nIƒ°p \ΩpsS s]mXp`h\amb `qantbmSpw

13

{]]©kw_‘amb hnjbßtfmSpap≈ IcpX¬ am{Xa√

Cu ]cn`mjbv°p ]n∂nep≈Xv. D∂XhnZym]oTßfn¬\n∂p

Xncpk` ""_p≤n]camb t{]jnX{]hrØn'' {]Xo-£n-°p-∂p-

s≠∂pw ""ssZhnIimkv{Xßƒ Xo£vWambn ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-

°m\pw hnZym¿∞nIsf IqSpX¬ Bgamb ]T\Øn\p t{]cn-

∏n-°m\pw'' (c≠mw hØn°m≥ Iu¨kn¬ {]amWtcJIƒ,

{InkvXobhnZym`ymksØ kw_‘n®p≈ {]Jym]\w, 11)

A≤ym]I¿°p ISabps≠∂pap≈ t_m[yhpw Cu ]cn-{i-a-

Øn\p ]n∂nep≠v. IqSmsX, Cu hnjbw sF—nIa√mØn\m¬,

hnizmknIƒ am{Xa√, k∑akp≈ kIe a\pjycpw Cu

Nm{InIteJ\w ]Tn°Wsa∂pap≈ am¿]m∏mbpsS

B{Klhpw, km[n°p∂nStØmfw Bƒ°mcn¬ CsXØn°pI

F∂ e£ytØmsS, efnX`mjbnem°m≥ \n¿_‘n°p∂p.

Nm{InIteJ\w ]pdØndßn ]ns‰ZnhkwXs∂ Cu

ss«lnI{]t_m[\w aebmfnIƒ°p ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp -Øn-

s°m≠p Zo]nIZn\]{XØn¬ {]kn≤oIcn® Xs‚

B[nImcnI ]T\ßƒ BapJØn¬ tN¿°p∂Xn\p kΩXn®

am¿ tPmk^v I√dßm´p]nXmhn\p lrZbw\nd™ \μn.

aebmf]cn`mj {]kn≤oIcn°p∂Xn\p≈ A\phmZw

hØn°m\n¬ (Libreria Editrice Vaticana) \n∂p t\SnØ∂ tam¨.

t]mƒ ]≈Øn\pw {]kn≤oIcWw Gs‰SpØ ]uckvXy

hnZym]oTØns‚ {]kn≤oIcWhn`mKØn\pw (OIRSI)UbdIvS¿ t]mfn aWnbm´®\pw {]n‚nwKpw hnXcWhpw

\n¿hln°p∂ ]mem sk‚ v tXmakv {]kn\pw Bflm¿∞amb

IrX⁄X.

BwKteb`mjbn¬\n∂p aebmfØnte°p ]cn`mj-s∏-

Sp-Øm≥ klmbn®hcpsS t]cpIƒ {]mcw`Øn¬ \evIn-bn-´p-

≠-t√m. Ah¿t°mtcmcpØ¿°pw {]tXyIn®v, IsøgpØp{]Xn

BZy¥w hmbn®v aqehpambn HØpt]mIp∂p≠v F∂p-d-∏p-h-

cp-Øm-\mbn Ft∂msSm∏w Zo¿L aWn°qdpIƒ sNehgn®

tPmk^v ]mdbv°e®\pw lrZbØns‚ `mjbn¬ \μn.

`wKnbmbn ssS∏psNbvXp klmbn® Uo°≥amcmb tPmk^v

]ø∏≈nbv°pw B‚Wn X´n¬Ipcphnfbv°pw, {_tZgvkv amXyp

Ipcnipwaq´n¬, tXmakv hmgbn¬, h¿°n Imhmen∏mS≥, tPm¿Pv

s]m∂whcn°bn¬, sk_mÃy≥ Ffw]pcbnSØn¬, amXyp

14

amdm´pIfw F∂nh¿°pw AssIXhamb IrX⁄X.

`mjm]cambn klmbn® amXyp Be∏m´ptaSbn¬ A®\pw

sk_mÃy≥ apXpπm°e®\pw hfsctbsd \μn.

\ΩpsS s]mXp`h\amb `qansbbpw

\ΩpsS ktlmZcscbpw

hcpwXeapdIsfbpwIpdn®p

IcpXepw ]cnKW\bpap≈hcmbn Pohn®v

ssZhsØ alXzs∏SpØm≥ \ap°p km[n°s´.

ssZhta, Atß°p kvXpXn !

^m. B≥{Uqkv

ta°m´pIpt∂¬

Pqsse 14, 2015

15

\ΩpsS s]mXp`h\amb

`qanbpsS \∑bv°v

_nj]v am¿ tPmk^v I√dßm´v

temIw {]Xo£m]q¿hw ImØncp∂ {^m≥knkv

am¿]m∏bpsS ]pXnb Nm{InIteJ\Øns‚ t]cmWp Laudatosi (euZmsØm kn ˛ Praise be to you - Atß°p kvXpXn-bm-

bn-cn-°-s´). LS F∂ Npcps°gpØn¬ Bbncn°pw Adn-b-s∏-Sp-

∂-Xv. Laudato si mi Signore: Praise be to you, my Lord. ""Fs‚

I¿Ømth, \n\°p kvXpXnbmbncn°s´'' F∂mWp Nm{InI

teJ\Øns‚ XpS°w. {^m≥knkv AkoknbpsS kqcy-

Io¿Ø\w F∂ {]m¿Y\bn¬ \n∂mWnXv. ""Rßsf

]cnc£n°pIbpw `cn°pIbpw Rßƒ°pth≠n kar≤amb

\nd`wKnbp≈ ^eßƒ \evIpIbpw sNøp∂ \ΩpsS

ktlmZcnbmb `qanbneqsS, Fs‚ I¿Ømth, \n\°p

kvXpXn'' F∂mWv B {]m¿Y\bn¬ ]dbp∂Xv. 246

\ºdpIfp≈, Bdv A[ymbßƒ ASßp∂, hn]peamb Hcp

]T\amWv Cu Nm{InIteJ\w.

ImeL´Øns‚ Bhiyw a\knem°n hfsc

k¶o¿Whpw F∂m¬ AhktcmNnXhpamb hnjbamWp

]m∏m AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv. Cu Nm{InIteJ\Øns‚ ImX¬

\ap°ptijw hcp∂h¿°pth≠n, Ct∏mƒ hf¿∂p

sIm≠ncn°p∂ Ip´nIƒ°pth≠n, GXp XcØnep≈ Hcp

temIamWp \Ωƒ sImSp°m\ncn°p∂Xv (160) F∂XmWv.

\ΩpsS s]mXp`h\amb `qantbmSp \Ωƒ ImWn°p∂

]cnKW\ F¥mWv? CXp ]cnÿnXnhnjbw am{Xambn

ImWcpXv. ]cnÿnXn Hcp H‰s∏´ Xp≠mbn \Ωn¬\n∂p

amdn\nev°p∂ Imcya√.

\ΩpsS Pohs\°pdn®pw \ΩpsS AkvXnXzsØ

°pdn®pamWp hmkvXhØn¬ ChnsS Nn¥n°p∂Xv. Cu

temIØnse \ΩpsS Pohs‚ A¿∞w F¥mWv? \ΩpsS

16

{]bXv\ßfpsS A¿∞w F¥mWv? `qan°p \sΩs°m≠v

F¥mWv Bhiyw? Cu hnjbßsf°pdn®p Kuchambn \Ωƒ

Nn¥n°p∂ns√¶n¬ ]cnÿnXnimkv{XsØ°pdn®p≈ \ΩpsS

]T\w Imcyamb {]XnIcWßƒ krjvSn°pIbn√ F∂p ]m∏m

]dbp∂p (160).

PohPmeßfn¬ ]cnXÿnXnIfpsS kzm[o\i‡nsb

°pdn®p {]Xn]mZn°p∂ imkv{XamWv ]cnÿnXnhn⁄m\obw

(ecology). CXv Oikos (Hmbvt°mkv = hoSv) F∂ {Ko°paqeØn¬

\n∂phcp∂p. PohPmeßfpsS hoSns\°pdn®p≈

imkv{XamWnXv. \Ωƒ `qanbn¬\n∂p≈ s]mSnbmsW∂pw

(Dev] 2,7), icocw krjvSn°s∏´Xp ùanI ]Zm¿Yßfn¬

\n∂msW∂pw ChnSsØ hmbphmWp \mw izkn°p∂sX∂pw

ChnSsØ PeØn¬\n∂mWp \ap°p Poh\pw Dt∑jhpw

hf¿®bpw e`n°p∂sX∂pw \mw ad∂pIfbp∂p (2).

hncq]am°s∏´ `qan

AantXm]tbmKwhgnbpw Zpcp]tbmKwhgnbpw ̀ qan C∂p

hncq]am°s∏ńcn°p∂p. `qanbn¬ Dt]£n°s∏´hcpsS

FÆw IqSp∂p. Chsc {i≤n°Wsa∂p am¿]m∏ i‡ambn

Hm¿as∏SpØp∂p. hy‡nIfpw IpSpw_ßfpw, {]mtZinI

kaqlßfpw, cmPyßfpw, A¥¿tZiob Iq´mbvaIfpw Hcp

]cnÿnXn am\km¥cØn\v (ecological conversion) hnt[b

amIWsa∂p ]m∏m ]dbp∂p. hnip≤\mb tPm¨ t]mƒ

c≠mas‚ hm°pIfmWnh. \ΩpsS s]mXp`h\tØmSp≈

IcpXen\pth≠n ]m∏m F√mhtcbpw £Wn°p∂p.

\ΩpsS ùanI`h\sØ°pdn®p≈ IcpX¬ h¿[n®p

hcp∂p≠v F∂pw ]m∏m ]dbp∂p (19). Cu Nm{InIteJ\w

Hcp apJy[mc shńØpd°p∂p≠v. \ΩpsS s]mXp`h\

\n¿amWØn\v Hcpan®p tPmen sNøm≥ a\pjyh¿KØn\v

C\nbpw Ignbpw (13). F√mw \jvSs∏ńń√. a\pjy¿°v C\nbpw

CSs]Sm≥ Ignbpw. DZyaßƒ Xncn®dnbm≥ Hcp ]pXnb XpS°w

BhiyamWv (205).

{^m≥knkv ]m∏m hnip≤\mb tPm¨ t]mƒ ]m∏msb

A\pkvacn°p∂p: ss{IkvXh¿ hnizmkØns‚ G‰hpw

ASpØ `mKambn´mWp krjvSntbmSpw {]IrXntbmSpw

17

krjvSmhnt\mSpap≈ DØchmZnXzsØ ImWp∂Xv.

{^m≥knkv ]m∏mbpsS e£yw \ΩpsS s]mXp`h\sØ°pdn®v

F√m a\pjycpambn´pw temIw apgph\pambn´pw kw`mjWw

\SØpI F∂XmWv (3). Cu Nm{InIteJ\w apgph\pw Cu

Nn¥ \nd™p\nev°p∂p. a‰p k`Ifpw aXßfpw Ct°mfPn

]T\hnjbam°nbn´p≠v. tIm¨Ãm‚nt\m∏nfnse FIyp

sa\n°¬ ]m{Xob¿°okv _¿ØtemantbmbpsS Nn¥Iƒ

CXn¬ tN¿Øn´p≠v (8˛9); AXpt]mse imkv{X⁄cpsSbpw

XØzimkv{X⁄cpsSbpw ssZhimkv{X⁄cpsSbpw

Nn¥Ifpw.

Nm{InIteJ\Ønse {][m\Nn¥Iƒ

`qan \ΩpsS s]mXp`h\amWv; F√m hoSpIfnepw

Iemebßfnepw s]mXpthZnIfnepw CXnt\°pdn®p

kwkmcn°Ww. Cu `h\Ønse ]mhs∏´hcpw _elo\cpw,

Cu `h\Ønse F√m PohPmeßfpw XΩn¬ _‘ap≠v.

ka{K]cnÿnXnhnPvRm\obØns‚ BhiyIX, ]mcn-ÿn-

XnIam\km¥cw, ]cnÿnXnhnZym`ymkw, ]cnÿnXn

BflobX XpSßnb {]tbmKssienIƒ {][m\amIp∂p.

Hcp Zcn{Z]£ (Pro poor ˛ ]mhs∏´h¿°pw ]m¿izh-

Xv°-cn-°-s∏-´-h¿°pw A\pIqeamb) ]cnÿnXn hn⁄m

\obhpw ]mcnÿnXnI\oXnsb°pdn®p≈ ]T\hpamWnXv.

"F√mw hens®dnbmw' F∂ kwkvImcØns‚ t]mcmbvabpw

Hcp ]pXnb PohnXssien°p≈ \n¿tZißfpw CXn¬

FSpØpImWn°p∂p. Hcp kmt¶XnIhnZy sIm≠ph∂

Xn∑Isf as‰mcp kmt¶XnIhnZysIm≠p am‰nsbSp°m≥

km[ya√. a\pjya\kns‚ [m¿anIhpw Bflobhpamb

am\km¥cØneqsS am{Xta AXp km[n°q.

sF—nIa√

Cu Nm{InIteJ\Øn\p ap≥Ime Nm{InIteJ\ßsf

°mƒ F¥p {]tXyIXbp≠v F∂p tNmZnt®°mw. Hcp

hnizmkn°p {]IrXntbmSp≈ kao]\w sF—nIw (optional ˛\ap°v Bhiyaps≠¶n¬ FSp°mw, As√¶n¬ hn´pIfbmw)

A√ F∂p ]Tn∏n°p∂p. k`m]T\Øns‚ {][m\ `mKambn

]m∏m FSpØncn°pIbmWnXv. \ap°p th≠mØsX√mw

18

]pdtØ°p hens®dnbmw F∂ \ne]mSns\ am¿]m∏

hna¿in°p∂p. \ΩpsS Bhiyßƒ t\m°msX AanXambn

GXp Imcyhpw D]tbmKn°p∂Xns\bpw [q¿Ø-Sn-°p-∂-Xn-

s\bpw ]mgvs®ehpIƒ hcpØp∂Xns\bpw hfsc Kuch

_p≤ntbmsSbmWp ]m∏m ImWp∂Xv.

a\pjys\ hf¿ØpIbpw Ahs\ ip{iqjn°pIbpw

sNøp∂nStØmfw kmt¶XnIhnZybpw ]Whpw \√XmWv.

]t£, Npcp°wNnesc am{Xw AXnkº∂cpw henb Hcp

hn`mKsØ Zcn{Zcpam°p∂ kwhn[m\Ønte°v FØptºmƒ

AXp henb Xn∑bmWv. \m\mhn[ ASnaØØnte°v AXp

\bn°pw. C∂sØ kmºØnI CS]mSpIƒ kºØv

F√mhcnepw FØp∂ps≠∂v Dd∏m°p∂n√. Zmcn{ZyØn¬

\n∂p P\ßsf Itc‰m≥ km[n°p∂n√.

Zmcn{ZyØns‚ aqeImcWw ]m∏m At\zjn°p∂p.

t^mkn¬ C‘\ßfpsS AanXamb D]tbmKsØ

FXn¿°p∂p. ]mdIƒ°p≈n¬ \q‰m≠pIfmbn ASn™p

InS∂p ineo`qXamIp∂ AXn{]mNo\ ImesØ PohnI

fpsStbm kkyßfpsStbm AhinjvSßfmWp t^mkn¬.

AXmbXp I¬°cn, s]t{Smfnbw apXembh. Cu km[mcW

Du¿Pw Hcp]nSn P\XIsf Zmcn{ZyØn¬\n∂p IcIb‰nbn´p≠v.

CØcw t^mknepIfpsS AanX D]tbmKwaqew

A¥co£sØ aen\s∏SpØnb h≥InS cmjv{Sßƒ AXns‚

D]tbmKw Ipdbv°Wsa∂p ]m∏m ka¿Yn°p∂p. a‰p

kwhn[m\ßƒ (]mcºtcyXc Du¿Pw) Is≠ØWw.

DZmlcWw:˛ Im‰n¬\nt∂m kqcy{]ImiØn¬\nt∂m Du¿Pw

kºmZn°pI. ]t£, AXp sNethdnbXmWv. C°mcyØn¬

henb sFIyZm¿Vyw thWw.

]¶phbv°Ww

kº∂cmjv{Sßƒ XßfpsS kºØv ]¶phbv°Ww.

F¶n¬ am{Xta ]nt∂m°cmjv{Sßƒ°p ]mcºtcyXc

Du¿PØnte°p hcm\mhq. AXn\p aqe[\w apS°Ww.

Im¿jnI taJeIsf°pdn®p≈ t{ijvTamb ImgvN

∏mSpIƒ ]m∏m apt∂m´p hbv°p∂p≠v. kzcan√msXbpw

19

i‡nbn√msXbpw Ct∏mƒ HXpßn°gnbp∂ I¿jIcpsS

kzcambn ]m∏m amdpIbmWv. Hcp I¿jI_m¶ns‚ kzcamWv

129, 164 F∂o JWvUnIIfn¬ apfßp∂Xv. Im¿jntImXv]∂

ßfpsS DXv]mZ\coXnbn¬Øs∂ am‰whcWw. CXnte°p

hnthI]q¿hw IS∂ph∂v Aevamb¿ t\XrXzw sImSp°Ww.

imkv{Xhnjbßfnte°p ]m∏m IS∂n´p≠v. sIankv{Sn

]Tn® Hcp hy‡n F∂ \nebn¬ ]m∏m imkv{XPvRtcmSp≈

ASp∏w D]tbmKs∏SpØnbn´p≠v.

]WtØmSp≈ Bcm[\

kºZvLS\sb°pdn®v Gsd ]d™n´p≠v. ]m∏m

[\imkv{Xkn≤m¥w ]Tn∏n°pIb√ a\pjyalXzw

am‰n°fbp∂ A]ISIcamb kºZvLS\sb°pdn®p

]dbpIbmWp sNøp∂Xv. ]WtØmSp≈ AanXhy{KX F√m

Img vN∏mSpIsfbpw _elo\am°p∂p. XSp°m\pw

sISpØm\pw ]‰mØ A·nbmbn ]WtØmSp≈ Cu Bcm[\

\nev°p∂p. C∂sØ BtKmf kºZvLS\ henb Hcp hn`mKw

P\Xbv°v D]Imcs∏Sp∂n√ F∂pam{Xa√, D]{ZhIcw

IqSnbmWv. AXp [mcmfw ]Ww Dev]mZn∏n°ptºmgpw

AXntesd Zcn{Zcscbpw ]m¿izhXvIcn°s∏´hscbpw

krjvSn°p∂p≠v.

]m∏mbpsS Gsd {it≤bamb Nn¥ BtKmfXm]\sØ

°pdn®mWv. temIØnep≈ F√m PohPmeßfpw XΩnep≈

_‘Øn\p ]m∏m Du∂¬ sImSp°p∂p. icnbmbn

am\pjnIambn´p≈Xv H∂pw k`bpsS ]cnKW\bv°p ]pdØ√

F∂p ]m∏m ]Tn∏n°pIbmWv. krjvStemIsØ°pdn®pw

]mhs∏´hsc°pdn®pw D≈ IcpXepw DØchmZnXzhpw

]m∏mbpsS ssZhimkv{XØns‚ ImXemWv. Imemhÿm

hyXnbm\w shdpsamcp kn≤m¥a√. F√mhcpw AXns‚

ZpcnX^ew A\p`hn®dn™psIm≠ncn°p∂p.

e£yw am\knIhnπhw

temIa\xkm£nbn¬ hnπhhpw am\km¥chpw

krjvSn°pIbmWp ]m∏m. {]IrXnsb°pdn®pw A\p_‘

hnjbßsf°pdn®pw Zo¿Lambn {]Xn]mZn°p∂ ]m∏m

ssZhimkv{Xhnjbßsf Aev]wt]mepw AhKWn°pIb√.

20

henb Hcp ssZhimkv{Xam‰w sIm≠phcp∂pan√. Hcp ]pXnb

ssienbneqsS hn]peamb Hcp kZkns\ ap∂n¬°≠p

sIm≠mWv Cu Nm{InIteJ\w Xbmdm°nbncn°p∂Xv.

a\pjyalXzsØ BZcn®v

kzm`mhnI kao]\ßsfbpw \nbaßsfbpw A{][m\

ßfm°p∂n√. a\pjyalXzsØ BZcn®psIm≠p [m¿anI

aqeyßfn¬ Du∂n\n∂psIm≠p ]m∏m apt∂m´pIpXn°pI

bmWv. Cu temIamIp∂ `h\sØ BZcn®psIm≠p≈

IpXn∏mWnXv. tPmen C√mØhcpsSbpw hoSn√mØhcpsSbpw

BtcmKyan√mØhcpsSbpw FÆw Ipdbv°m\p≈ [m¿anI

DØchmZnXzamIp∂ ZWvUn¬ Du∂n\n∂psIm≠mWp ]m∏m

kwkmcn°p∂Xv.

kº∂cmjv{Sßƒ kºØv ]¶phbv°Ww F∂

[m¿anIZm¿i\nIXbpsS h‡mhmWp ]m∏m. ]¶phbv°m≥

a\kn√mØ kºZvLS\ henb hn\miw hnXbv°p∂p≠v.

Pehpw Du¿Phpw AantXm]tbmKw aqew \jvSamIp∂Xp

XSbWw. temIw apgph\pw Fb¿ I≠oj≥ sNøWw F∂

hy{KX th≠.

am{¥nI t^m¿apebn√

kºØv Fßs\ ]¶phbv°Ww F∂Xns\°pdn®p≈

am{¥nI t^m¿apesbm∂pw ]m∏mbpsS ssIhian√. F√m

a\pjy¿°pw BhiyØn\p≈ ]Whpw \√ `£Whpw

ip≤Pehpw ip≤hmbphpw In´Ww F∂ ImgvN∏mSmWp

]m∏mbpsS Nn¥IfpsS C‘\ambn \n¬°p∂Xv. IqSpX¬

kºmZn°Ww F∂ Nn¥ shSn™p IqSpX¬ sImSp°Ww

F∂ kphntijam¿KØnte°p IS∂phcWw.

Zcn{Zsc°pdn®pw `mhnsb°pdn®pap≈ Hm¿a Hcphs\

kzX{¥\m°pw. Zcn{Z\n¬ \nt£]n°p∂h≥ kz¿KØnemWp

\nt£]n°p∂Xv. AXv Bcpw Ih¿s∂Sp°pIbn√. ]m∏m

\n¿tZin°p∂ ]mcnÿnXnI am\km¥cw ssZhimkv{X

Øns‚ ImX¬ Xs∂bmWv. F\n°ptijw hcp∂h¿°mbn

Rm≥ hn´n´pt]mIp∂ temIØns‚ KpWta∑sb°pdn®mWp

]m∏m hy{KXImWn°p∂Xv.

21

Cu Nm{InI teJ\Øns‚ ssZhimkv{X]chpw

AP]me\]chpw Bflobhpamb ImgvN∏mSpIƒ hfsc

Bgambn´p≈Xpw ]T\hnjbamt°≠XpamWv. ]mcnÿnXnI

hnjbßfn¬am{Xw HXp°nbm¬ CXns‚ Bghpw hym]vXnbpw

KpWta∑Ifpw \mw ImWmsX t]mhpIbmbncn°pw.

]m∏mbpsS hm°pIƒ: ""ss{IkvXh¿ {XntbI ssZhØn¬,

{XnXzmflI Iq´mbvabn¬, hnizkn°p∂hcmWv. AXns‚

A¿Yw {XnXzw AXns‚ ASbmfw F√m krjvSnIfnt∑epw

Nm¿Ønbn´p≠v F∂XmWv'' (239).

AkoknbpsS Nn¥Ifn¬

Cu Nm{InIteJ\w hmbn®pIgnbptºmƒ AanXmthi

°mc\mb Hcp {]IrXnhmZnbmbn ]m∏msb sX‰n≤cn°cpXv.

ka{K]cnÿnXnimkv{XØns‚ h‡mhmb {^m≥knkv

AkoknbpsS Nn¥IfnemWp ]m∏m thcpd∏n®ncn°p∂Xv.

CXns‚ NphSp]nSn®p k`m]nXm°∑mcpsS ImeL´Ønte°p

\Ωƒ bm{XsNøp∂Xpw ̂ e{]ZamWv. am¿ At{]w, A{^mØv,

\¿sk, CctWhqkv, ¢a‚ v, \n\nthbnse Cklm°v,

{IntkmkvtXmw, BKkvXnt\mkv, Awt{_mkv, tPm¨ Uajo≥

XpSßnb henb ]nXm°∑m¿ F√mhcpw {]IrXnkvt\lnIfpw

{]IrXnbpw ssZhimkv{Xhpw XΩnep≈ _‘w BgØn¬

]T\hnjbam°nbhcpamWv. Cu taJebpambn Cu

Nm{InIteJ\sØ Iq´nap´n°pI \ΩpsS AP]me\]camb

ZuXyambncn°Ww.

22

e£yw ]pXnb Hcp PohnXssien

_nj]v am¿ tPmk^v I√dßm´v

Bdv A[ymbßfmWp "euZmsØm kn' F∂ Nm{InI

teJ\Øn\p≈Xv.

1. \ΩpsS s]mXp`h\Øn\v F¥p kw`hn°p∂p?

`qan°v F¥p kw`hn°p∂p F∂p hniIe\w sNøp∂

H∂mw A[ymbw ]cnÿnXnhn⁄m\obw kw_‘n®

B\pImenI imkv{Xob]T\ßƒ \ncØp∂p. {]IrXnbpsS

hnem]sØ {i≤n°p∂p. Hmtcm hy‡nbpw CXp {i≤n°pIbpw

]cnlmcam¿Kßƒ ImWpIbpw sNøWw (19). C∂sØ

]mcnÿnXnI {]Xnk‘nIsf \∂mbn AhXcn∏n°p∂p (15).

A¥co£aen\oIcWhpw ImemhÿmhyXnbm\hpw:

]mcnÿnXnIhpw kmaqlnIhpw kmºØnIhpw cmjv{Sobhpw

hn`hw ]¶phbv°p∂Xpamb At\Iw LSIßƒ tN¿∂ Hcp

BtKmf {]iv\amWp Imemhÿm hyXnbm\w (25). Imemhÿ

Hcp s]mXpImcyamWv, F√mh¿°pw th≠nbmWv (23). G‰hpw

]mhs∏´h¿°mWv CXns‚ Zqjyhißƒ IqSpX¬

A\p`hs∏SpI. kmºØnI˛cmjv{Sob _eap≈ kº∂

cmPyßƒ CXp ad®phbv°pIbmWv (26). \Ωƒ au\w

]men°ptºmƒ \ΩpsS km[mcW ktlmZcßfpsS

t\¿°p≈ DØchmZnXzw \mw ad°pIbmWv.

ip≤Pew : ASnÿm\]chpw km¿h{XnIhpamb Hcp

AhImiamWp ip≤Pew IpSn°pI F∂Xv. a\pjys‚

\ne\nev]n\pw a‰p a\pjymhImißƒ DW¿Øp∂Xn\pw

CXmhiyamWv. ]mhs∏´h¿°v Cu AhImiw

\ntj[n°ptºmƒ AhcpsS a\pjyalXzsØ \mw

\ntj[n°pIbmWv (30).

ssPhsshhn[y\jvSw: Hmtcm h¿jhpw Bbnc°W°n\p

kkyßƒ°pw arKßƒ°pw hwi\miw D≠mIp∂p (33).

23

a\pjyPohs‚ KpWw \jvSs∏SpIbpw kaqlw

On∂`n∂amhpIbpw sNøp∂p. ImemhÿmhyXnbm\w

kw`hn°p∂Xn¬ kº∂cmjv{Sßƒ°p {]tXyI DØc

hmZnXzap≠v. Hcp A¥¿tZiob [m¿anINn¥ cq]s∏SpØWw.

C∂sØ G‰hpw henb IS_m[yX ]mcnÿnXnI ISamWv

(51) . CXnt\msS√mw D≈ temI{]XnIcWw Aev]w

_elo\amWv F∂Xt{X {^m≥knkv am¿]m∏bpsS \ne]mSv.

Hcp Xm≥t]mcnamhmZhpw CsXm∂pw kmcan√ Fs∂mcp

Nn¥bpw kº∂h¿KØn\nSbnep≠v.

2. krjvSnbpsS kphntijw

thZ]pkvXIØn¬ Du∂n\n∂psIm≠p blqZ˛

ss{IkvXh ]mcºcyßfneqsS bm{XsNbvXp a\pjy

h¿KØn\p krjvSPmeßfpsStaep≈ henb DØc

hmZnXzØnte°pw ]m∏m FØn°p∂p. kzm`mhnI {]IrXn

Hcp s]mXp\∑bmWv; a\pjyh¿KØns‚ kºØmWv,

HmtcmcpØcpsSbpw DØchmZnXzamWv (95).

\sΩ c£n°p∂ ssZhwXs∂bmWp temIw krjvSn

®Xpw. Ch c≠pw XΩn¬ At`Zy_‘ap≠v. a\pjyh¿Khpw

a‰p PohPmeßfpw XΩnep≈ _‘w kq£n°Ww. ]m]amWp

Xmfw sX‰n®Xv. a\pjyPoh≥ ssZhtØmSpw Ab¬°mc

t\mSpw `qantbmSpw G‰hpw _‘s∏´ H∂mWv. Cu aqhtcmSp

ap≈ _‘w hnt—Zn°s∏´p Ign™p. AXmWp ]m]w (66).

a\pjy\v GZ≥tXm´w IrjnsNøm\pw kwc£n°m\p

ap≈ NpaXebmWp ssZhw \¬InbXv. (Dev] 2,15). F√m

PohPmeßfpsSbpw ssZthm∑pJamb bm{X a\pjycneqsS

bmWv (83). GXp PohntbmSpap≈ {IqcX a\pjyalXzØn\v

FXncmWv (92). \ΩpsS ktlmZcßfpsS t\¿°p≈

kvt\lhpw XmXv]cyhpw ]cnKW\bpw Ipd™m¬ {]IrXn

bnse a‰p PohPmeßtfmSp≈ Iq´mbva hmkvXhamIp∂n√

(91). D∞nXs‚ km∂n[yw temIw apgph\nepap≠v.

3. ]mcnÿnXnIkwL¿jØns‚ am\pjnIthcpIƒ

Zm¿i\nI ho£WßtfmsSbpw imkv{XØns‚

klmbtØmsSbpw {]iv\ßfpsS thcpIfnte°p ]m∏m

\oßp∂p. kmt¶XnIhnZy temI]ptcmKXn°v Gsd

24

klmbn®n´p≠v. ]t£, Cu taJebn¬, Adnhpw kºØpw

a‰p hn`hßfpap≈h¿ km[mcW°mcs‚ta¬ B[n]Xyw

\SØp∂p≠v (104). kmt¶XnI hnZysIm≠p ]mhs∏´hsc

apdns∏SpØnbn´p≠v. AXp kmºØnI taJesbbpw

cmjv{SobPohnXsØbpw Iogvs∏SpØnbn´p≠v; As√¶n¬

Ahbv°pta¬ `cWw \SØp∂p.

a\pjycpsS kzm¿Yt{]cnXamb kao]\ßƒ hfcp∂p.

a‰p a\pjytcmSp≈ DØchmZnXzØn¬\n∂v HmSn adbp∂p.

D]tbmKn°pI, Fdn™p IfbpI F∂ Nn¥ _es∏Sp∂p.

IpńIsf Zpcp]tbmKn°pI, hm¿[IyØn¬ FØnbhsc

Dt]£n°pI, IpńIsf Xńs°m≠pt]mhpI XpSßnbh

sb√mw CXns‚ êamWv (114). ê`qbnjvTamb `qanbpsS

knwl`mKhpw kº∂¿ IpØIbmbn hbv°p∂p. X∑qew

hnimehpw F√mhscbpw Dƒs°m≈p∂Xpamb N¿®Iƒ

DcpØncnbWsa∂p ]m∏m B{Kln°p∂p (135).

4. kºq¿W ]cnÿnXn

Cu Nm{InIteJ\Øns‚ D∂w ka{K]cnÿnXnbmWv.

\oXn°pth≠nbp≈ Hcp ]pXnb amXrIbmWnXv. CXp ̀ qanbn¬

a\pjys‚ X\Xmb ÿm\hpw a\pjy\p Np‰p]mSpItfmSp≈

_‘hpw Dƒs∏Sp∂p. \Ωn¬\n∂p th¿s]´p _‘an√msX

\nev°p∂ Hcp bmYm¿Yyambn {]IrXnsb ImWcpXv (139).

am\sshIyØn\pw kmaqlnI_‘ßƒ°pw FXncmb

Hmtcm \o°hpw ]cnÿnXnsb D]{Zhn°p∂XmWv (142).

kmaqlnIÿm]\ßfpsS BtcmKyw, {]IrXnbpsS BtcmKy

amWv. {]IrXnsb°pdn®p≈ hniIe\w a\pjyt\bpw

IpSpw_tØbpw tPmen sNøp∂ ÿm]\ßtfbpw am‰n

\n¿Øns°m≠mhcpXv. am\pjnI ]cnÿnXn s]mXp\∑

bn¬\n∂v Ahn`mPyamWv (156).

C∂p temIØn¬ A\oXn hfcpIbpw At\I¿°v

ASnÿm\kuIcyßƒ \ntj[n°s∏SpIbpw sNøp∂p.

CØcpWØn¬ s]mXp\∑bv°mbn {]h¿Øn°pI F∂p

]d™m¬ kaqlØnse Gddhpw ]mhs∏´hcpsS ]£w

tNcpI F∂t{X (158). `mhn Xeapdbv°p hmktbmKyamb

Hcp hoSv a\kn¬ ImWpI F∂Xns‚ A¿Yhpw CXmWv.

25

kXyw {]tLmjn°p∂ Iq´Øn¬ ]mhs∏´hcpsS

Iq´pImc\pw {]tLmjI\pw Bbncn°Ww \mw F√mhcpw.

s_\UnIvSv ]Xn\mdma≥ am¿]m∏bpw am\pjnI ]cnÿnXnsb

°pdn®p hniZambn ]Tn∏n®n´p≠v. a\pjycpsS tI{μÿm\w

\jvSs∏SpØmsX {]IrXnsb kwc£n°Ww F∂ Nn¥

bmWXv. \ΩpsS icocßƒ ssZhØns‚ kΩm\ambn \Ωƒ

IcpXWw. \ΩpsS s]mXp`h\Øn¬\n∂p e`n®XpamWXv.

\ΩpsS icocØnt∑¬ A\nb{¥nXamb A[nImcw \ap°p≠v

F∂p IcpXp∂Xp PohPmeßfpsSta¬ A\nb{¥nXamb

A[nImcap≠v F∂p ]dbp∂Xpt]msebmWv.

5. kao]\ßfpw {]mtbmKnIam¿Kßfpw

\Ωƒ F¥psNøWw, F¥p sNøm≥ Ignbpw F∂Xnte

°p≈ ImgvN∏mSpIfmWnhnsS. ]T\w am{Xw t]mcm,

kw`mjWßfpw {]mtbmKnIam¿Kßfpw Is≠ØWw. Hmtcm

hy‡nbpw ]¶phbv°Ww. CXv A¥¿tZiob \bßsf°mƒ

H´pw sNdpX√. CXp kzbw \ioIcWØn¬\n∂p \sΩ

c£n°pw (163). {]iv\ßƒ Gsdbp≠v. imkv{Xhnjbßfpw

cmjv{Sobhnjbßfpw Ffp∏Øn¬ ]cnlcn®p kahmbØn¬

FØm≥ ]‰pw F∂p IcpXp∂n√. F√mhcpw kw`mjWØn¬

G¿s∏SWw. GsX¶nepw Hcp ap≥hn[nbpsStbm BibØn

s‚tbm ]pdtI t]mIcpXv (188).

B[p\nI D®tImSn ktΩf\ßsf am¿]m∏

hna¿in°p∂p. cmjv{Sob tNcnXncnhpaqew {]IrXnsb°pdn®p

^e{]Zhpw Imcy£ahpamb Xocpam\ßfnte°v FØm≥

Ahbv°p km[n®n√ F∂XmWp ]m∏mbpsS \nco£Ww (166).

ASnb¥c kmlNcyßfn¬ Xocpam\saSp°m≥

km[n°mØ A[nImcØns‚ km[pXsbØs∂ ]m∏m

hna¿in°p∂p≠v. `cWIqSßƒ temI\∑bv°pth≠n

sFIyZm¿Vyw {]ISn∏n°pIbpw Xocpam\ßƒ FSp°pIbpw

thWw (174). _nkn\kv i‡nsIm≠pam{Xw {]IrXnsb

\ap°p kwc£n°m\mhn√. kXyk‘hpw kpXmcyhpw

a\xkm£n°p tbmPn°p∂Xpamb coXnbn¬ Xocpam\saSp

°Ww. ka{KhnIk\hpw F√m a\pjycpsSbpw hf¿®bpw

e£ywhbv°Ww (185).

26

AgnaXn temIhym]IamIp∂p. ]m∏m Db¿Øp∂ G‰hpw

henb tNmZyßƒ `cWm[nImcnItfmSmWv. AhcpsS

t\´ßfpw Ct∏mgsØ Bhiyßfpw am{Xw t\m°nbm¬

t]mcm (181) . Ah¿°p ss[cyaps≠¶n¬ AhcpsS

ssZhZØamb alXzw ad°cpXv. AXnt∑¬ \nkzm¿Yamb

Hcp DØchmZnXzw {]Imin∏n°s´ (181).

6. ]mcnÿnXnI hnZym`ymkhpw BflobXbpw

Hcp ]mcnÿnXnI am\km¥cØnte°p am¿]m∏

Ghscbpw £Wn°p∂p. kmwkvImcnI AcmPIXzØns‚

thcpIƒ Bgap≈hbmWv. \ΩpsS kz`mhhpw {]h¿Ø\

ßfpw am‰nsbSp°pI Ffp∏a√. AXn\p \nc¥c ]cnioe\w

thWat{X. Dt±iyip≤n C√msXbpw icnbmb ]cnioe\hpw

]T\hpw C√msXbpw am‰ßƒ Akm[yamWv. F√m

hnZym`ymkÿm]\ßfpw CXn¬ ]¶mfnIfmhWw. (213).

]pXnb Hcp PohnXssienbmWp e£yw (203). AXp kzImcy,

cmjv{Sob, kmºØnI hnZKv[cn¬ kΩ¿Zw sNepØWw.

hyhkmbw \SØp∂ coXnIƒ°p am‰w hcpØWw.

AhcpsS DXv]mZ\ coXnIƒ ]cntim[nt°≠Xmbn´p≠v (206).

A{Iaw, NqjWw, kzm¿YX F∂nhbn¬\n∂p amdn\n¬°Ww.

CXpw ka{K]cnÿnXnbpsS Dƒ°mºmWv. ssZhw X∂

IgnhpIsf icnbmb coXnbn¬ D]tbmKs∏SpØns°m≠p

IqSpX¬ krjvSn]cXbnte°pw Imcy£aXbnte°pw

FØnb hnip≤cpsS ({^m≥knkv Akokn, s_\UnIvSv,

sXtck, hmgvØs∏´ Nmƒkv sZ ̂ pt°m) amXrIIƒ am¿]m∏

FSpØpImWn°p∂p: ]cnip≤ {XnXzØnep≈ Iq´mbvabn

emWp ]m∏m Nm{InIteJ\w Ahkm\n∏n°p∂Xpw

Iq´nbnW°p∂Xpw (238˛240). F√m krjvSnIfpsSbpw aIpSamb

]cnip≤ adnbsØ {]tXyIw kvacn°p∂p (241˛2).

27

hnip≤ {^m≥knkv A oknbpsS

krjvSn-I-fpsS Io¿Ø\w

(kqcy-Io¿Ø\w)

atlm-∂-X-t\, k¿Δ-i-‡-t\, \√ I¿Ømth,

kvXpXn-Ifpw al-Xzhpw _lp-am-\hpw

F√m hmgvhpw \n\-°p-≈-Xm-Ip-∂p.

D∂-X-t\, Ah \nt‚-Xp -am-{X-am-Ip∂p.

\ns‚ \maw D®-cn-°m≥ a¿Xy-cn-sem-cp--h\pw tbmKy-\√.

Fs‚ I¿Øm-th,

\ns‚ k¿Δ-kr-jvSn-I-fm¬

hnin-jym, tkmZ-c≥ kqcy-\m¬

\o kvXpXn-°-s∏-Ss´!

]I-emb Ah-\n-eqsS

Rßƒ°p \o shfn-®-ta-Ip∂p.

Ah≥ kpμ-c\pw

D÷ze Im¥n-bm¬ IXn-cp-Iƒ hoip-thm\pw

atlm-∂-X-\mb \ns‚ kmZriyw t]dp-thm-\p-am-Ip-∂p.

tkmZcn N{μ-\mepw Xmc-ß-fmepw

Fs‚ I¿Ømth, \o kvXpXn-°-s∏-Ss´!

D÷zehpw A\¿Lhpw ca-Wo-b-hp-ambn

kz¿K-Øn¬ \ob-hsb sa\™p.

tkmZ-c≥ Im‰n-\m¬


taLm-hr-Xhpw {]im-¥-hp-amb hmbphneqsSbpw

\ns‚ krjvSn-Isf \o \ne-\n¿Øp∂

Ime-t`-Z-ß-fneqsSbpw \o kvXpXn-°-s∏-Ss´!

D]-tbm-Kybpw hn\o-Xbpw

Aaq-eybpw ]cn-ip-≤-bp-amb

tkmZcn Pe-Øm¬


28

Cc-hns\ \o {]`m-a-b-am-°p∂

tkmZ-c≥ A·n-bm¬


Ah≥ Ag-Ip-‰-h\pw D√m-k-hm\pw

Icp-Ø\pw i‡-\p-at√m.

Rßsf Xmßp-Ibpw \nb-{¥n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂

tkmZcn `qan amXm-hn-\m¬


h¿W-a-e-cp-Iƒ°pw sNSn-Iƒ°psam∏w

Ahƒ hnhn[ ^e-ßƒ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p∂p.

\ns‚ kvt\l-sØ{]Xn am∏p \¬Ip-Ibpw

tcmK-Zp-cn-X-ßƒ t]dp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-cn-eqsS


kam-[m-\-Øn¬ \ne-\n¬°p-∂-h¿ A\p-Kr-lo-X¿.

D∂-Xt\, \o Ahsc Inco-S-a-Wn-bn-°p∂p.

Rß-fpsS tkmZcn ac-W-Øm¬

I¿Ømth, \o kvXpXn-°-s∏-Ss´!

Poh-\p≈Xns\m∂pw Ah-fn¬\n∂p c£-bn√.

Nmhp-tZm-j-Øn¬ acn-°p-∂-h¿°p ZpcnXw.

\ns‚ Xncp-ln-X-Øn¬

acWw Is≠-Øp-∂h¿ A\p-Kr-lo-X¿.

c≠mw acWw Ahsc ]cn-t°-¬∏n°n√

Fs‚ I¿Øm-hns\ kvXpXn-°-pIbpw

hmgvØp-Ibpw Ah\p \μn ]d-bp-Ibpw sNøpI.

henb hn\-b-tØmsS Ahn-SpsØ ip{iq-jn-°pI.

29

Atß°p kvXpXn-

1. ""Fs‚ I¿Ømth, Atß°p kvXpXn-bm-bn-cn-°s´''

at\m-l-c-amb Cu kvtXm{X-Ko-X-ØneqsS hn. {^m≥kokv

Akokn \ΩpsS s]m-Xp-`-h-\w \tΩmsSmØp Po-hn-°p-∂

ktlm-Z-cnsbt∏msebpw \sΩ ]pW-cm-\mbn Ic-ßƒ hnS¿Øn-

]nSn®n-cn-°p∂ at\mlcn-bmb AΩ-sb-t∏msebpw BsW∂p

\sΩ Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. ""Fs‚ I¿Ømth, Rß-fpsS ktlm-

Z-cnbpw amXmhpw Rß-sf ]cn-]m-en-°p-∂-h-fpw `cn-°p-∂-hfpw

h¿Wm-`-amb ]pjv]-ßfpw kky-ßfpwsIm≠p ^ew \evIp-

∂-h-fpamb `qan-bneqsS Atß°p kvXpXn-bm-bn-cn-°s´.''1

2. ssZhw {]-Ir-Xn-°p \evInbncn°p∂ hn`hßsf \mw

\ncp -Ø-c-hm-Zn -Xz -]-c -ambn D]-tbm-Kn -°p-Ibpw Zp¿hn-\n -

tbmKwsNøp-Ibpw sNbvXXphgn Ahƒt°‰ £X-ßƒ

\nanØw C∂v Cu ktlm-Zcn \tΩmSp \n-e-hn-fn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

kz¥w CjvS-{]-Imcw {]-Ir-Xnsb sIm≈bSn°m≥ A[n-Im-c-

ap≈ {]`p-°∑mcpw bP-am-\∑m-cp-ambn \mw \sΩØs∂

ImWm≥ XpS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ]m]-Øm¬ apdn-s∏´ \ΩpsS lrZ-

b-ß-fnse lnwk aÆn-epw, Pe-Ønepw, hmbp-hnepw, Pohs‚

F√m cq]-ß-fnepw ImW-s∏-Sp∂ tcmK-e-£-W-ß-fn¬ {]Xn-

^-en-°p-∂p. t{Zmln°s∏SpIbpw Dt]£n°s∏SpIbpw

sNøp∂ \ΩpsS Zcn{Z¿°nSbn¬Øs∂bmWv ]oUn∏n°s∏Sp

Ibpw XcninSs∏SpIbpw sNøp∂ Cu `qanbpw. Ahƒ

""Cu‰pt\mh\p`hn°pIbpw'' s\Spho¿∏nSpIbpw sNøp∂Xv

AXpsIm≠mWv (tdmam 8,22). \ΩƒXs∂bpw ̀ qan-bnse shdpw

s]mSnbmsW∂pw, \ΩpsS icocw AhfpsS [mXp°fm¬

\n¿ΩnXamsW∂pw, \Ωƒ AhfpsS hmbp izkn°pIbpw

AhfpsS PeØn¬\n∂p Poh\pw t]mjWhpw kzoIcn°pI

bpw sNøp∂psh∂pw \Ωƒ ad-∂p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-∂p (Dev] 2,7).

Cu temIØnep≈ F√mw \tΩmSp _‘s∏´ncn°p∂p

3. Aº-Xntesd -h¿j-ßƒ°papºv, temIw BW-h-{]-

Xn-k-‘n-bpsS h°n¬ FØn-b-t∏mƒ hn. tbml-∂m≥ 23˛ma≥

am¿]m∏, bp≤sØ X≈n-∏-d™Xns\m∏w kam-[m-\-Øn-\mbn

30

Blzm\w sNbvXpsIm≠v, Hcp Nm{In-I-te-J\w ]pds∏Sphn®p.

""ItØm-en°mtemI-w apgphs\bpw k∑\- p≈ kIe

kv{Xo]pcp-j≥am-scbpw'' kwt_m-[\ sNbvXpsIm≠p≈

Xmbncp∂p `qan-bn¬ kam-[m\w F∂ B Nm{InIteJ\w.

C∂p \Ωƒ BtKm-f-]-cn-ÿnXntimjWw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-

tºmƒ, Cu {Kl-Øn¬ Pohn-°p∂ F√m hy‡n-I-sfbpw A`n-

kw-t_m-[-\ -sN-øm≥ Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p. XpS¿t{]jnX

\hoIcWsØ t{]m’mln∏n°m\mbn Xncpk`-bnse AwK-

ßƒ°p kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ B\μw F∂ ss«lnImlzm-\-w

Rm≥ FgpXpIbp≠mbn. F∂m¬, Cu -Nm-{In-I-te-J-\-Øn¬,

\ΩpsS s]mXp-̀ -h-\-sØ-∏‰n F√m P\-ßfpambn kwhZn-°m≥

Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p.

4. ̀ qan-bn¬ kam-[m\w F∂ Nm{In-I-te-J\w {]kn-≤o-I-

cn®v F´p h¿jw Ign™t∏mƒ, 1971 ¬ hmgvØ-s∏´ t]mƒ

Bdm-a≥ ]m∏m ]-cn-ÿnXn{]iv\sØ a\p-jys‚ A\n-b-{¥n-

X-amb {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS ""Zpc¥-^-e-sa∂p'' hnti-jn-∏n®p.

""hnth-I-c-ln-X-amb {]IrXnNqjWwaqew a\pjy≥ {]IrXnsb

\in-∏n-°pIbpw AtX \miØns‚ Cc-bmbnØocp-Ibpw

sNøp∂p.''2 kam\amb A`n{]mbw sFIycmjv{Sk`bpsS

`£yIm¿jnI kanXnbnepw At±lw ]¶phbv°pIbp≠mbn.

""hyhkmb kwkv°mcØnse hnkvt^mS\waqew Hcp ]cn

ÿnXnZpc¥Øn\p'' km[yXbps≠∂p At±lw ap∂dnbn∏p

\evIn.""a\pjys‚ PohnXssienbn¬ kaqe ]cnh¿Ø\

Øns‚ ASnb¥ncamb BhiyIX''At±lw Du∂n]d™p.

""AXykm[mcWamb imkv{Xapt∂‰ßƒ, AXnhnkvabIc

ßfmb kmt¶XnI ssh`hßƒ, A¤pXs∏SpØp∂ kmº

ØnI ]ptcmKXn F∂nh bYm¿∞amb kmaqly˛[m¿anI

]ptcmKXnbm¬ A\pbm{X sNøs∏Sp∂ns√¶n¬, Ah

\n›bambpw a\pjy\p sIWnbmbnØocpw.''3

5. hn. tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ Cu hnjbØn¬ AXoh

Xev]c\mbncp∂p. a\p-jy≥ ""XXv£W D]-tbm-Kw, D]-t`mKw

F∂n-h-b-√msX as‰m-c¿∞hpw {]Ir-Xn-bn¬ ImWp-∂Xmbn

tXm∂p∂n-√''4 F∂p Xs‚ BZy Nm{In-I-te-J-\-Øn¬Øs∂

At±lw ap∂-dn-bn∏p \¬In-bn-cp∂p. CXn\p ]n∂mse, BtKm-

31

Atß°p kvXpXn

f-X-e-Øn¬ ]mcn-ÿn-XnI- am\-km-¥-c-Øn\ v (ecological con-version) At±lw Blzm\w sNbvXp5. ""icnbmb am\p-jn-I-]-

cn-ÿn-Xn-°p -th≠ [m¿anIkmlNcyßƒ kwc-£n-°p-∂-

Xn\p'' Imcyamsbm∂pw CXphsc sNbvXnńs√∂v At±lw

Nq≠n°mń.6 am\pjnI]cn-ÿn-XnbpsS -\miw AXo-h-Ku-c-h-

ap-≈-Xmbncn°p∂Xv, ssZhw temIsØ a\pjy\p `c-taev∏n-

®n-cn-°p-∂-XpsIm≠pam{Xa√, a\p-jy≥Xs∂bpw F√mhn[

XcwXmgvØepIfn¬\n∂pw kwc-£n-°-s∏-tS≠ ssZh-Zm-\-

ambXpsIm≠pIqSnbm-Wv. \ΩpsS temIsØ kwc£n°m\pw

sa®s∏SpØm\pap≈ GsXmcp bXv\hpw ""a\pjys‚ Pohn-X-

ssien, DXv]m-Z-co-Xn, D]-t`m-K-k{ºZmbw, C∂p kaq-lßsf

\nb{¥n°p∂ -A[n-ImcLS\Iƒ F∂n-h-bnse kaqe]cn-

h¿Ø\w A\nhmcyam°p∂p.''7 icn-bmb am\-h-hn-I-k-\-Øn\v

Hcp [m¿anI kz`mh-ap-≠v. a\p-jy-hy-‡n-tbm-Sp≈ kam-Zchpw

Np‰pap≈ temItØmSp≈ ]cnKW\bpw AXv Bhiys∏Sp∂p.

ssZhw ""{IaoIcn® {]]©hyhÿbn¬ Hmtcm PohnbpsSbpw

kz`mh{]IrXnbpw PohnIƒ XΩnep≈ ]cvk]_‘hpw

IW°nseSp°Ww.''8 A{]Imcw bmYm¿∞ysØ cq]m¥c

s∏SpØm\p≈ a\pjyssh`hw ssZhØns‚ khntijZm\

amb kIe krjvSnItfmSpw tbmPn®p t]mIWw.9

6. AXp-t]mse, Fs‚ ap≥Kman _\-UnIvSv ]Xn\mdma≥

""BtKmfkºZvhyh-ÿ-bpsS t]mcm-bva-Isf C√m-Xm-°m\pw

]cn-ÿn-XntbmSp≈ BZchv Dd∏phcpØm≥ sIev]n√mØ hnI-

k-\ amXr-I-Isf Xncp-Øm-\p-ap≈''10 \n¿t±iw aptºm´p h®p.

""{]Ir-Xn-bm-Ip∂ ]pkvX-Iw GIhpw Ahn-`m-Py-hp-ambXn

\mepw'', AXn¬ ]cn-ÿnXn, Poh≥, ssewKn-I-X, IpSpw-_w,

kmaq-ly-_-‘-ßƒ XpSßn FÆ-a‰ Imcy-ß-fp≈Xn\mepw,

AXns‚ GsX¶nepsamcp hiwam{Xw th¿Xncn®p hni-I-e\w

sNøm-\m-hn-s√∂v At±lw Nq≠n-°m-ń.- ""{]Ir-Xn-bpsS A]-

Nbw a\p-jy-k-lh¿-ØnXzsØ cq]s∏SpØp∂ kmwkv°m-

chp-ambn At`Zyambn _‘-s∏-́ mWncn°p∂Xv-v.''11 \ΩpsS DØ-

c-hm-Zn-Xz-c-ln-X-amb {]hrØn-I-fmWp kzm`mhnI ]cnÿnXn

bn¬ Kuchamb \mi-ap-≠m-°n-b-sX∂ hkvXpX AwKo-I-cn-

°m≥ _\UnIvSv am¿]m∏m B-h-iy-s∏-´p. kmaqly]cnÿnXn

bv°pw kmcamb ]cn°p ]‰nbn´p≠v. \ΩpsS PohnXsØ

32

\bn°m≥ tIhekXy-ß-sfm-∂p-an-s√-∂pw AXn-\m¬ a\p-jy-

kzm-X{¥yw ]cn[nIfn√mØXm-sW-∂p-ap≈ Nn¥bmWv Cu

c≠p Xn∑Iƒ°pw ImcWw. ""X\n°pth≠nØs∂ krjvSn

°p∂ Hcp kzmX{¥yw am{Xa√ a\pjy≥ F∂ Imcyw \Ωƒ

ad-∂ncn°p∂p-. a\p-jy\p Xs∂-Øs∂ krjvSn-°m\mhn√.

Ah\v Bflmhpw C—m-i-‡n-bp-ap-≠v. H∏w Ah\p \evI-s∏´

Hcp kz`m-h-{]-Ir-Xn-bp-ap-≠v.''12 \mam-Wv F√m-‰n-s‚bpw Ah-km-

\ -hm-s°-¶n¬, F√mw \ΩpsS am{Xw kz¥ambn IcpXn

\map]tbmKn°psa∂pw Cßs\bp≈nSØp a‰p krjvSnIƒ

t{Zmln°s∏Sp∂psh∂pw \Ωƒ Xncn®dnbm≥ ss]Xr-I-hm’-

ey-tØmsS At±lw \sΩ \n¿_‘n°p∂p. ""\ap°paosX

as‰m-∂p-an-s√∂p hnNm-cn-°p-Ibpw \sΩ-b-√msX as‰m-∂n-s\bpw

ImWm≥ Ign-bm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ \Ωƒ krjvSn-Isf

Zpcp-]-tbmKw sNøm-\m-cw-`n-°p-∂p.''13

Htc Nn¥bn¬ sF-Iy-s∏-́ v

7. am¿∏m-∏m-am-cpsS apI-fn¬ I≠ {]kvXm-h-\-I-fn-¬ {]Xn-

^-en-°p-∂Xv At\Iw imkv{X-⁄-cp-sSbpw XXz-Nn-¥-I-cp-

sSbpw ssZh-im-kv{X-⁄-cp-sSbpw ]uc-hn-̀ m-K-ß-fp-sSbpw Z¿i-

\-ß-fmWv. Ah-sb√mw Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ k`-bpsS Nn¥m-[m-

csb kº-∂-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. ItØm-en-°m-k-`bv°p ]pdsa a‰p

k`-Ifpw CX-c-ss{I-kvX-h-k-aq-l-ßfpw a‰p aX-ßƒX-s∂bpw

\msa√mhscbpw BIpes∏SpØp∂ {]iv\ßsf∏‰n

Bgtadnb DXvIWvT {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw hnetbdnb Nn¥Iƒ

]¶phbv°pIbpw sNbvXn´p≠v. DZm-l-c-WØn\v, \Ωfpambn

kºq¿Wkss -̀Iy-Øns‚ {]Xymi ]¶p-h-bv°p∂ FIypsa\n

°¬ ]m{Xn-bm¿°o-kv _¿Ø-tem-antbmbpsS {]kvXm-h-\-Isf

Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°m≥ Rm\m-{K-ln-°p-∂p.

8. ""\mtam-tcm-cp-Øcpw sNdnb tXmXnemsW¶nepw, ]cn-

ÿnXn\miØn\p ImcW°mcmIp∂XpsIm≠v'' `qansb

t{Zmln®Xns\°pdn®v A\pX]nt°≠Xps≠∂v ]m{Xn-

bm¿°okv _¿Ø-tem-antbm Hm¿as∏SpØnbn´p≠v. ""krjvSn

sb \in-∏n-°p-∂-Xnepw hncq-]-am-°p-∂-Xnepw \mtamtcm-cp-

Ø¿°pw sNdptXm heptXm Bb ]¶p-s≠∂'' hkvXpX

AwKoIcnt°≠Xp≠v.14 krjvSn-s°-Xn-cmbn \Ωƒ sNbvX

33

Atß°p kvXpXn

]m]-ßƒ AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ Bh¿Øn®mhiys∏´psIm≠v

At±lw \sΩ \n¿_‘n°p∂p. ""Fs¥∂m¬, a\p-jy≥ ssZh-

Øns‚ krjvSn-bnse ssPh-ssh-hn-[ysØ \in-∏n-®Xpw Imem-

hÿbv°p hyXn-bm\w hcpØn `qan-bpsS ka-{K-Xsb C√m-

Xm-°n-bXpw `qanbn¬\n∂p kzm`m-hnI h\ßƒ XpS®p\o°n-

bXpw NXp∏p \ne-ßƒ \in-∏n-®Xpw `qan-bnse Pehpw aÆpw

hmbphpw Poh\pw Zpjn-∏n-®-Xp-sa-√m-sa√mw ]m]am-Wv.''15

ImcWw, ""krjvS-{]-]-©-Øn-s\-Xn-cm-bp≈ AXn{Iaw \ap-s°-

Xn-scbpw ssZh-Øn-s\-Xn-sc-bp-ap≈ ]m]-am-Wv.''16

9. AtXkabwXs∂, kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zybv°p]cn, a\p-

jys‚ am\-km-¥-c-Øn-eqsSbm-Wp ]cnÿnXn{]iv\ßfpsS ]-

cn-lm-c-sa∂p [z\n∏n®psIm≠p ]cn-ÿn-Xn-{]-iv\-Øns‚ [m¿Ωn-

I, Bflob thcp-I-fn-te°pw ]m{Xn-bm¿°okv {i≤ £Wn-

°p-∂p-≠v. As√-¶n¬ \Ωƒ tcmK-e-£-W-ßsf am{Xw

NnIn’n°p∂hcmIpw. D]-t`m-K-Øn\p ]Icw XymKw, AXym-

{K-l-Øn\p ]Icw DZm-c-X, ]mgm-°-en\p ]Icw ]¶p-sh-bv°¬,

Dt]£n°p-∂-Xn\p ]Icw Zm\w \evIens‚ Acq]nbp≈

Xm]kssien F∂nh ioen-°m≥ At±lw DZvt_m-[n-∏n-°p-

∂p. ""Rm\m-{K-ln-°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂v ssZh-Øns‚ temI-Øn\v

Bh-iy-ap-≈-Xn-te°v {ItaW Xncn-bp∂ kvt\l-Øns‚

ssien-bmWnXv. CXp ̀ b-Øn¬\n∂pw AXym-{K-l-Øn¬\n∂pw

\n¿_‘t{]cWbn¬\n∂p-ap≈ tamN-\-am-Wv.''17 ""BtKm-f-X-

e-Øn¬ ssZh-tØmSpw Abev°m-tcmSpw ]¶p-h-®p -Po-hn-°m-

\p≈ Iq´mbvabpsS Hcp IqZmibmbn temIsØ kzoIcn°m≥

{InkvXym\nIƒ F∂ \nebn¬ \Ωƒ hnfn°s∏´ncn°p∂p.

ssZhØns‚ krjvSnbmIp∂ Xp∂-en-√mØ hkv{XØns‚

Hmtcm Cgbnepw, \ΩpsS {KlØnse G‰hpw \nkm-c-amb

a¨Xcnbn¬t∏mepw ssZhhpw a\pjy\pw I≠pap´p∂p''18

F∂XmWp \ΩpsS hn\oXamb t_m[yw.

Ako-kn-bnse hn. {^m≥knkv

10. tdmanse sa{Xm-\mbn sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-́ -t∏m-ƒ Fs‚

{]tNm-Z-\hpw am¿KZ¿inbpambn BcpsS t]cp kzoIcn®pthm,

t{]cWm\n¿`chpw BI¿jIhpamb B hy‡n-XzsØ°pdn®p

34

kqNn -∏n -°msX Cu Nm{In -I -te-J\w Fgp -Xm\mhn√.

Zp¿_ehn`mKßtfmSp≈ IcpXens‚bpw ka{Kamb

]cnÿnXn Aht_m[w B\μtØmsSbpw ]cma¿∞X

tbmsSbpw Pohn°p∂Xns‚bpw DØtamZmlcWamWv hn.

{^m≥knkv F∂p Rm≥ hnizkn°p∂p. ]cn-ÿnXntaJ-e-bn¬

]Tn-°p-Ibpw {]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h¿°p {]tXyI a≤y-

ÿ-\mWt±-lw. Ass{I-kvX-h¿t]mepw At±-lsØ Gsd

kvt\ln-°p-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ kIe krjvSnIsf°pdn®pw

{]tXyIn®p Zcn-{Z¿, _lnjvIrX¿ F∂nhsc°pdn®pw At±-

l-Øn\p khntij ]cnKW\bp≠mbncp∂p. At±lw

F√mhscbpw kvt\ln®p; Xs‚ B\-μ-Øn-s‚bpw DZm-c-amb

kzbwZm\-Øn-s‚bpw \njvI]S-X-bp-sSbpw t]cn¬ At±lw

hfscb[nIw kvt\ln-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. emfnXy-Ønepw,

ssZh-tØmSpw {]Ir-Xn-tbmSpw a‰p-≈-h-tcmSpw Xt∂m-Sp-X-

s∂bpap≈ hnkvabIcamb tbmPn-∏nepw Pohn® anÃn°pw

Xo¿∞m-S-I\pambncp∂p At±lw. {]Ir-XntbmSp≈ IcpXepw

Zcn-{ZtcmSp≈ \oXnbpw kaq-l-tØm-Sp≈ {]Xn_≤Xbpw B¥-

cnIkam-[m\hpw XΩnep≈ _‘w F{Xam{Xw Ahn`mPy

amsW∂v At±lw \ap°p ImWn®pXcp∂p.

11. a\pjy\mbncn°pI F∂Xns‚ A¥kØbnte°p

\sΩ FØn°p∂Xpw KWn-X-im-kv{X-Øn-t‚bpw Poh-im-kv{X-

Øn-t‚bpw `mjsb AXnibn°p∂Xpamb Xeßfnte°p≈

(categories) XpdhnbmWv ka{K]cn-ÿnXnimkv{Xw Bhiy

s∏Sp∂sX∂p {^m≥knkv \ap°p ImWn®pXcp∂p. \Ωƒ Hcp

hy‡n-tbmSp kvt\l-Øn-em-Iptºmƒ kw`hn°p∂Xpt]mse,

kqcy-s\tbm N{μ-s\tbm sNdpPohn-I-sftbm I≠-t∏msg√mw,

Xs‚ kvXpXnIo¿Ø\ßfn¬ ]¶ptNcm≥ krjvSn-I-sf-sb√mw

£Wn-®psIm≠v At±lw B\-μ-Km\ame-]n®ncp∂p. At±lw

F√m krjvSn-tfmSpw kwk¿KØn¬ Ign™p. ]q°-tfmSp

t]mepw ssZh-h-N\w {]tLm-jn-°p-Ibpw, Ah¿°p hnti-j-

_p-≤n-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂m¬ F∂-Xp-t]mse, ""ssZh-sØ kvXpXn-

°p-hm≥ Ahsb £Wn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p.''19 X\n°p Np‰p-

ap≈ -temI-tØmSv At±-l-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂ {]XnIcWw

_u≤n-ImkzmZ\Øn\pw kmº-Øn-I IW°pIq´epIƒ°pw

35

Atß°p kvXpXn

D]cnbmbncp∂p. ImcWw, At±-l-Øn\v Hmtcm krjvSn-bpw

kvt\l-®-c-Sm¬ Xt∂mSp _‘n-°-s∏´ ktlm-Zcn Xs∂-bm-

bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv, AkvXn-Xz-ap≈ F√m‰ns\°pdn®pw

IcpXep≈h\mbncn°m\p≈ Dƒhnfn At±-l-Øn\\p-`-h-s∏-

´-Xv. At±-l-Øns‚ injy-\mb hn. s_m\-sh-©dns‚

A`n{]mbØn¬, ""F√m-‰n-s‚bpw BZy DdhnSsØ-°p-dn®p≈

Nn¥bn¬\n∂v, AKm-[-amb `‡n-bm¬ \nd™v, At±lw

G‰hpw \nkm-c-amb krjvSn-sb-t∏mepw "ktlm-Zcm/ktlmZco'

F∂v A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNbvXn -cp -∂p.''20 C{]Imcap≈

t_m≤ysØ N]-e-amb Imev]\nIX F∂p ap{ZIpØn Fgp-

Xn-Ø-≈m-\m-hn-√. ImcWw, \ΩpsS s]cp-am‰ssiensb

\n¿Wbn°p∂ Xnc-s™-Sp-∏p-I-sf Cu t_m[yw kzm[o-\n-°p-

∂p≠v. {]Ir-Xnsbbpw ]cn-ÿn-Xn-sbbpw CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ ̀ bm-

Z-c-ß-tfmsS \Ωƒ kao-]n-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬, temI-tØm-Sp≈

_‘-Øn¬ \Ωƒ kmtlm-Z-cy-Øn-s‚bpw kuμ-cy-Øn-s‚bpw

`mj D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬, \ΩpsS at\m-`mhw bP-am-\-∑m-

cp-tSXpw D]-t`m-‡m-°-fp-tSXpw a\xkm£nbn√mØ -Nq-j-I-∑m-

cp-tS-Xp-am-bn-Øo-cpw. adn®v, AkvXn-Xz-ap≈ F√m-‰n-t\mSpw

At`Zyambn \Ωƒ sFIys∏ńcn°p∂psh∂p \ap -

°\p`hs∏Sp∂p-s≠-¶n¬, kzm`mhnIambnØs∂ kwba\hpw

IcpXepw \Ωn¬ Dd-sh-Sp-°pw. hn. {^m≥kn-kns‚ Zmcn-{Zyhpw

X]-ivN-cy-Ifpw k\ym-k-Øns‚ shdpw A-e-¶m-c-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂n-

√; AXn-epw ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb H∂m-bn-cp-∂p: bmsXm∂ns\bpw

D]-tbm-Kn-®pXt≈≠Xpw \nb{¥nt°≠Xpamb shdpsamcp

hkvXp-hmbn XcwXmgvØp∂Xn\p≈ hnk-Ω-XamWXv.

12. AXnep]cn, ssZhØns‚ A\-¥-\-∑bpw kuμ-cyhpw

{]Xnên∏n°p∂Xpw \tΩmSp kwhZn°p∂Xpamb {]uV

Kwòcamb Hcp ]pkvX-I-ambn {]Ir-Xnsb ImWm\mWv,

XncpenJnXØns‚ ssNX\yØn¬, hn. {^m≥knkv \sΩ

£Wn-°p-∂Xv. ""krjvSn -I-fpsS alXzØnepw kuμ-cy-

Ønepw\n∂v Ah-bpsS {kjvSm-hns\ \ap°dn-bm≥ km[n°pw''

(⁄m\w 13,5). \n›ba-mbpw, ""Ahn-SpsØ A\-¥-i-‡nbpw

ssZh-Xzhpw krjvS-h-kvXp-°-fn-eqsS temI-Øns‚ Bcw`w

apX¬ kv]jvS-am-°s∏ń--´p-≠v'' (tdma 1, 20). C°m-c-W-Øm¬,

36

Xs‚ B{i-tamZym\Øns‚ Hcp `mKw IrjnsNømsX th¿Xn-

cn-®n-Sm≥ {^m≥knkv Bh-iy-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. AhnsS kzm`m-hn-I-

ambn Im´psNSn-Ifpw ]q°fpw D≠m-Ip-∂Xn\pw, AXp ImWp-

∂-h¿ CXpt]msemcp kuμcyw krjvSn® ssZhØn¶te°v

lrZbapb¿Øn kvXpXn°p∂Xn\pw th≠nbmbncp∂p CXv.21

temIw ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-tS≠ Hcp {]iv\-sa∂Xnt\°mƒ, IrX-

⁄-X-tbm-sS [ym\nt°≠ Hcp B\μcl-ky-amWv.

Fs‚ A`y¿∞\

13. \ΩpsS s]mXp`h-\sØ kwc-£n-°m\p≈ ASn-b-

¥cZuXyØns‚ `mKamWv kpÿn-chpw ka-{K-hp-amb hnI-

k\w tXSm≥ a\p-jy-a-lm-Ip-Spw-_sØ Xømdm°pI F∂Xv.

ImcWw, kwKXnIƒ°p am‰whcmsa∂p \ap°dnbmw. {kjvSmhv

\sΩ Dt]-£n-°p-∂n-√. Ahn-Sp∂v Xs‚ kvt\l-]≤Xn

Hcn°epw ]n≥h-en-°p-Itbm \sΩ krjvSn-®-Xn¬ ]cn-X-]n-

°p-Itbm sNøp-∂n-√. \ΩpsS s]mXp`h-\-w ]SpØpb¿Øm≥

H∂n®p {]h¿Øn°m≥ C\nbpw a\p-jy-h¿KØn\mhpw. CØ-

cp-W-Øn¬ \ΩpsS s]mXp`h-\-Øns‚ kwc-£-W-Øn-\mbn

\m\mhn[-Øn¬ bXv\n-°p∂ At\-I¿°p \μnb¿∏n-°m\pw

Ahsc t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°m\pw Rm\m-{K-ln-°p-∂p. temIØnse

G‰hpw Zcn{ZcpsS PohnØXn\pta¬ `hn® ]cn-ÿnXntimj-

W-Øns‚ Zpc-¥-̂ -e-ß-ƒ AI‰m\p≈ A£o-W-]-cn-{i-a-Øn¬

G¿s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-h¿ {]tXyI A`n-\-μ\w A¿ln-°p-∂p. bph-

P-\-ßƒ am‰w Bhiys∏Sp∂p. ]cn-ÿn-Xn-{]Xn-k-‘n-sbbpw

Xg-b-s∏-́ -h-cpsS t¢i-ß-sfbpwIpdn®p Nn¥bn√mØ Hcmƒ°p

tim`-\-amb `mhn ]Wn-Xp-b¿Øm\mhpsa∂v AhImis∏Sm≥

Fßs\ Ign-bp-sa-∂mWv Ah-cpsS tNmZyw.

14. AXn-\m¬, \ΩpsS {Kl-Øns‚ `mhnsb \Ωƒ

Fßs\ cq]-s∏-Sp -Øp∂p F∂Xns\∏‰n Hcp ]pXnb

kwhmZØn\p ASnb¥ncambn Rm≥ Blzm\wsNøp∂p. F√m-

h-sc-bp-apƒs∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠p≈ Hcp N¿®-bmWp \ap-°m-

hiyw. ImcWw, \Ωƒ A`naqJnIcn°p∂ ]mc-nÿn-Xn-I-sh-

√p-hn-fn-Ifpw Ah-bpsS am\p-jn-I-th-cp-Ifpw \sΩ-sb-√m-h-scbpw

_m[n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. BtKm-f-]-cn-ÿnXn {]ÿm-\-ßƒ KWyamb

hf¿® ssIhcn®n-´p-≠v. Cu sh√p-hn-fn-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Ah-

37

Atß°p kvXpXn

t_m[w krjvSn°p∂Xn¬ apgp-Ip∂ A\h[n kwL-S-\-Ifpw

ÿm]n°s∏´n-´p -≠v. F∂m¬, ]cn-ÿnXn{]iv\-ßƒ°p

{]mtbm-KnI ]cn-lmcw Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn\p≈ ]e ]cn-{i-a-ßfpw,

i‡-amb FXn¿∏paqew am{X-a√, henb XmXv]-cy-an-√mbva

sIm≠pIqSn ^-eaWn™n´ns√∂Xp ZpxJIcamWv. hnizm-

knIfn¬ Nnecpƒs∏sS XSkat\m`mhßƒ ]pe¿Ønhcp∂

hcn¬, {]iv\sØ \ntj[n°p∂h¿ apX¬ ]mcnÿnXnI

{]iv\ßtfmSp \nkw-KX ]pe¿Øp∂h¿, Be-kyw\nanØw

\njv{Inbcmbncn°p∂h¿, kmt¶-Xn -I -hn -Zy - \evIp∂

]cnlmcßfn¬ A‘-ambn hnizkn°p∂h¿ hscbp-≠v. \ap-

s°mcp ]pXnb BtKmssfIyw Bh-iy-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Z£n-

Wm-{^n°-bnse sa{Xm-∑m¿ {]kvXm-hn-®-Xp-t]mse, ""ssZh-

Øns‚ krjvSn-bn¬ a\p-jys‚ Zpcp-]-tbm-K-Øm¬ h∂p-t]mb

\miw ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw Ign-hp-Ifpw ̀ mK-

`m-Kn-Xzhpw Bh-iy-am-Wv.'' 22 ssZh-Øns‚ D]-I-c-W-ßƒ F∂

\ne-bn¬ \mtamtcmcpØ¿°pw \ΩpsS kwkvImcw, A\p-`-h-

k-º-Øv, Ign-hv, `mK-`m-KnXzw F∂n-hbneqsS {]]©Øns‚

kwc-£-W-Øn\p kl-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-bpw.

15. k -̀bpsS kmaq-lnI{]t_m-[\ k©-b-tØmSp tN¿°-

s∏-Sp∂ Cu Nm{In-te-J\w, \Ωƒ C∂p t\cn-Sp∂ sh√p-hn-fn-

bpsS Blzm\hpw ASn -b-¥-c -kz -`m -hhpw hep∏hpw

a\ nem°m≥ klm-b-I--am-Ip-sa∂p Rm≥ {]Xo£n°p∂p.

C∂sØ ]cn-ÿn-Xn -{]-Xn -k-‘n-bp-sS hnhn[ hi-ßƒ

Npcp°ambn hnebncpØns°m≠v Bcw`n°m-\mWv Rm≥ B{K-

ln-°p-∂-Xv. C∂p \ap°p e`y-am-bn-cn-°p∂ G‰hpw sa®s∏´

imkv{Xob Kth-j-W-^-e-ßfpsS ASnÿm\ØnemWv CXp

sNøp∂Xv. ]cnÿnXn{]Xnk‘nbpsS hnhn[ am\ßƒ \sΩ

Bgambn kv]¿in°p∂Xn\pw XpS¿∂phcp∂ [m¿an-Ihpw

Bflo-b -hp -amb bm{Xbv°v bYm¿∞amb ASn -Ø-d -

bmIp∂Xn\pw AXp \sΩ klmbn°pw. ]cn-ÿn-Xn-tbm-Sp≈

\ΩpsS {]Xn_≤X IqSp -X¬ bp‡nbp‡am°m\mbn

blqZss{IkvX-h-]m-c-º-cy-Ønse Nne XØzß-fmWp XpS¿∂p

]cnKWn°p∂-Xv. AXn-s\-Øp-S¿∂v Ct∏m-gsØ kml-N-cy-

ß-fpsS ASn-thcv Is≠-Øm-\p≈ ]cn-{i-a-amWv Rm≥ \S-Øp-

38

∂-Xv . Cu temI-Øn¬ a\p -jys‚ khn -ti-j-amb

ÿm\sØbpw Np‰p]mSpItfmSp≈ _‘sØbpw a\- n-em-

°p-Ibpw BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp ]cn-ÿnXnkao-]-\w

cq]oIcn°m≥ klmbn°p∂ XcØn¬ tcmK-e-£-W-

ßtfmsSm∏w ASn-ÿm-\-Im-c-W-ßfpw AhnsS ]cn-tim-[n-°-

s∏Spw. Cu hnNn-¥-\-ß-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬, hy‡nIsf∂

\nebn¬ \msa-√m-hscbpw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂Xpw A¥m-cm-jv{S-\-

b-ßsf _m[n-°p-∂-Xpamb N¿®-Iƒ°pw {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°p-

ap≈ Hcp s]mXpam¿K-tc-J \n¿t±-in-°m\pw -Rm\m{K-ln-°p-

∂p. icn-bmb {]tNm-Z-\-hp-w hnZym`ymkhpan-√msX am‰w Akm-

≤y-am-sW∂dnbmhp∂XpsIm≠v, Ah-km-\`mKØv, -ss{IkvX-

h- B-flob A\p-`-h-ß-fpsS \n[n-bn¬\n∂p am\p-jn-I-hn-I-k-

\-Øn-\p≈ GXm\pw {]tNm-Z-\m-fl-I-amb \n¿t±-i-ßƒ \¬Ip-

∂-Xpam-Wv.

16. Hmtcm A≤ym-b-Øn\pw AXn-t‚-Xmb hnj-bhpw

{]tXy-I-k-ao-]-\hpw Ds≠-¶nepw apºp N¿® sNbvX ]e {][m-

\-hn-j-b-ßfpw ]p\x-]-cn-tim-[n-°-s∏-t´-°mw. Nm{In-I-te-J\w

apt∂m-´p-t]m-Ipw-tXmdpw ]e-hn-j-b-ßfnepw Cu Bh¿Ø\w

It≠-°mw. DZm-l-c-W-ambn, Zcn-{Zcpw `qanbpsS Zp¿_-e-Xbpw

XΩn-ep≈ _‘w, temI-Øn-se kIeXpw XΩnep≈ ]c-kv]c

B{ibXzsØ°pdn®p≈ Aht_m[w, kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-

bn¬\n∂p-Zv`qXamIp∂ ]pXnb amXr-I-I-sfbpw A[n-Im-c-L-S-

\-I-sfbpwIpdn -®p≈ -hn -a¿i\w, kºZvhyh-ÿ-sbbpw

]ptcmKXnsbbpw a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ \ho\ am¿K-ßƒ,

Hmtcm krjvSn°pap≈ -X\-Xmb aqeyw, ]cn-ÿnXnimkv{X-

Øns‚ am\p-jn-I- A¿∞w, kXyk‘hpw kv]jvShp-amb

kwhmZw, {]mtZ-inI˛A¥m-cmjv{S \bcq]o-I-c -W-Øn-

ep≠mtI≠ Kuchamb DØ-c -hm -ZnXzw, hen -s®-dn -

b¬kwkvImcw, Hcp ]pXnb Pohn-X-ssi-en--°p≈ Blzm\w

XpSßnb hnjbßsfms° Rm≥ IqsS-°qsS ]cm-a¿in-t®-

°mw. Cu {]iv\ßsfm∂pw Hcn°¬ am{Xw N¿®

sNbvXXpsIm≠mbn√; Ah ]p\-c-h-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw kºp-

jvS-am-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøpw.

39

\ΩpsS s]mXp-`-h-\-Øn\p kw`hn°p∂Xv

A≤ymbw 1


17. a\pjys‚bpw temIØns‚bpw Ahÿsb°pdn®p≈

ssZhimkv{X]chpw XØzNn¥m]chpamb hnNn¥\ßƒ,

a\pjyNcn{XØn¬ CXphsc kw`hn®n´p≈Xn¬\n∂p

hyXykvXamb h¿Øam\ImesØ°pdn®p≈ Hcp \hamb

hniIe\Øn¬ A[njvTnXas√¶n¬, Aaq¿Øhpw aSp∏p

tXm∂n°p∂Xpamtb°mw. AXn\m¬, \Ωƒ ̀ mKambncn°p∂

Cu temIØn¬ hnizmkØn\p \evIm≥ km[n°p∂ {]tNm

Z\ßsfbpw t{]m’ml\ßsfbpwIpdn®p Nn¥n°p∂Xn\p

apºv, \ΩpsS s]mXp`h\Øn\v F¥p kw`hn°p∂p

F∂Xnte°v {i≤ Xncn°m≥ Rm≥ B{Kln°p∂p.

18. a\pjys\bpw `qansbbpw _m[n°p∂ io{L

KXnbnep≈ am‰ßƒ Ahs‚ tPmenbpsSbpw PohnXØn

s‚bpw thKX h¿≤n∏n°p∂p≠v (Rapidification). F√m k¶o¿W

kwhn[m\ßfpsSbpw {]h¿Ø\Øns‚ `mKamWp

am‰sa¶nepw, a\pjys‚ {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS hnIk\Øn

ep≠mb thKX, kmh[m\Ønep≈ ssPh]cnWmaØn¬

\n∂p hfsc hyXykvXamWv. AXnepap]cn, \nc¥chpw

{ZpXKXnbnep≈Xpamb Cu am‰ßƒ a\pjys‚ kpÿnchpw

ka{Khpamb hnIk\tam s]mXp\∑tbm e£ywh®p≈hb√

Xm\pw. am‰w A`nImayamWv; F∂m¬ AXp temIØnt\m

Hcp henb hn`mKw P\ßfpsS PohnX\nehmcØnt\m

D]{ZhIcamIptºmƒ AXv DXvIWvT P\n∏n°p∂p.

19. a\pjys‚ ]ptcmKXnbnepw Ahs‚ ssh`hßfnepw

IÆS®p hnizkn®ncp∂ ImeØn\ptijw, C∂p kaqlw

Ahsb hna¿i\_p≤ntbmsS ho£n°m≥ XpSßnbn´p≠v.

]cnÿnXnsb°pdn®p h¿≤n® Aht_m[hpw {]IrXnsb

kwc£n°p∂Xn¬ henb Xmev]cyhpw C∂p {]ISamWv.

\ΩpsS {KlØn\p kw`hn°p∂hsb°pdn®v Bflm¿∞X

40

bp≈sX¶nepw \ncmim`cnXamb Bi¶ hfcp∂p≠v. \sΩ

\nc¥cw ieys∏SpØp∂Xpw F∂m¬ Zo¿LImetØ°p

\ap°v Hfn®phbv°m\mhmØXpamb {]iv\ßƒ Npcp°

amsbm∂p hniIe\w sNømw. Pn⁄mksb Xr]vXns∏SpØm

t\m hnhcßƒ tiJcn°mt\m th≠nb√ CXv. adn®v, \ΩpsS

Cu temIØn\p kw`hn°p∂hsb°pdn®p≈ \odp∂

Aht_m[w \ΩpsSXs∂ kl\Øns‚ `mKam°m\pw

AXphgn C°mcyØn¬ \apt°mtcmcpØ¿°pw F¥psNøm≥

Ignbpsa∂p Is≠Øm\pamWv.

I. aen\oIcWhpw Imemhÿm hyXnbm\hpw

aen\oIcWw, amen\yw, hens®dnb¬ kwkv°mcw

20. ]e aen\oIcWßfpw a\pjys‚ A\pZn\

PohnXm\p`hØns‚Xs∂ `mKamWv. aen\oIrXamb

kmlNcyßfn¬ Pohn°p∂h¿°v, {]tXyIn®v ]mhs∏´

a\pjy¿°v, AXp \nch[n BtcmKy{]iv\ßƒ°pw, At\Im

bncßfpsS AImearXyphn\pw ImcWamhpIbpw sNøp∂p.

]mNIw sNøm\pw XWp∏I‰p∂Xn\p sI´nSßƒ NqSm°m\p

ambn C‘\w D]tbmKn°p∂Xpaqew DXv]mZn∏n°s∏Sp∂

]pI a\pjysc tcmKnIfm°p∂p. AXpt]mseXs∂, hml\

ßfn¬\n∂pw hyhkmbtI{μßfn¬\n∂pw ]pdØphcp∂

]pIbpw, hfßƒ, IoS\min\nIƒ, If\min\nIƒ F∂nh

bpsS D]tbmKwaqeap≠mIp∂ aen\oIcWhpw F√mhtcbpw

_m[n°p∂p≠v. kmt¶XnIhnZybmWv (technology) Cu

{]iv\ßƒ°p≈ GI ]cnlmcambn IW°m°s∏Sp∂Xv.

F∂m¬ AXp I®hSXmev]cyßtfmSp _‘s∏´ncn°p∂

Xn\m¬, {]IrXnbnse hyXykvX ssPhhyhÿIƒ XΩnep≈

clkymflIamb _‘w Is≠Øp∂Xn¬ ]cmPbs∏Sp∂p.

X∑qew, Hcp {]iv\Øn\p≈ ]cnlmcw a‰p ]e {]iv\ßƒ°p

ImcWamIp∂p.

21 . hnhn[ ÿeßfn¬ \nt£]n°s∏Sp∂

amen\ymhinjvSßfn¬\n∂p≠mIp∂ aen\oIcWhpw

IW°nseSpt°≠Xp≠v. hoSpIƒ, I®hSÿeßƒ,

\n¿amW˛]p\cp≤mcWtaJeIƒ, Bip]{XnIƒ, CeIvt{Sm

41


WnIv hymhkmbtI{μßƒ XpSßn \nch[nbnSßfn¬\n∂p

h¿jwtXmdpw \qdpIW°n\p aney¨ S¨ amen\yßƒ

hnk¿Pn°s∏Sp∂p≠v. Ah cq£ hnjmwiap≈hbpw

ssPhnIambn hnLSn∏n°m≥ km[ya√mØhbpamWv. \ΩpsS

s]mXp`h\amb Cu `qan C∂v Hcp Nh‰pIq\bmbn

amdnbncn°p∂p. Hcn°¬ at\mlcßfmbncp∂ `q{]tZißƒ

C∂p amen\y°qºmcßfmbn amdnt∏msb∂p ]ebnSßfnepw

{]mbambh¿ hne]n°p∂p. \Kcßfnepw IrjnbnSßfnepw

D]tbmKn°s∏Sp∂ cmkhkvXp°fpw hyhkmbnI amen\y

ßfpw AhnSßfnse PohPmeßfn¬ ASn™pIqSp∂Xn\p

ImcWamIp∂p. a\pjys‚ BtcmKyw hos≠Sp°m\mhmØ

hn[w A]ISs∏´pIgnbptºmƒ am{XamWv Fs¥¶nepw

\S]SnIfp≠mIp∂Xv.

22. Cu {]iv\ßƒ hens®dnb¬ kwkv°mchpambn

At`Zyambn _‘s∏´mWncn°p∂Xv. hkvXp°sf hfsc

thKØn¬ amen\yßfm°n XcwXmgvØp∂ Cu at\m`mhw

kaqlØn¬ ]m¿izhXv°cn°s∏ńcn°p∂hscbmWp

IqSpX¬ _m[n°p∂Xv. DZmlcWØn\v, \Ωƒ DXv∏mZn∏n

°p∂ ISemkn¬ knwl`mKhpw ]p\cp]tbmKn°msX

hens®dnbs∏SpIbmWv. kzm`mhnI BhmkhyhÿbpsS

{]h¿Ø\ssien amXrIm]camWv F∂wKoIcn°m≥

\ap°nt∏mgpw _p≤nap´mWv. kkyßƒ aqeIßsf kwtbm

Pn∏n®v kky`p°pIsf t]m‰p∂p. AhbmIs´. amwk`p°p

Iƒ°v BlmcambnØocpIbpw sNøp∂p. amwk`p°pIƒ

kmcamb Afhn¬ ssPhamen\yßƒ Dev∏mZn∏n°pIbpw

kkyXeapdIfpsS hf¿®bv°p klmbIamhpIbpw sNøp∂p.

F∂m¬, \ΩpsS hyhkmbirwJebn¬ DXv]mZ\Øns‚bpw

D]t`mKØns‚bpw N{Iw ]q¿ØnbmIptºmgpw amen\yßfpw

Dt]mXv∏∂ßfpw ]p\cp]tbmKn°mt\m BKncWw

sNømt\m Ignhp≈ am¿Kßƒ hnIkn∏ns®Sp°m\mbnń√.

DXv]mZ\Øns‚ Hcp ]q¿WirwJe cq]oIcn°mt\m, Ct∏mg

sØbpw `mhnbnsebpw XeapdIƒ°pth≠n hn`hßƒ

kwc£n°mt\m \ap°nXphsc Ign™nń√. ]p\xNw{IaW

£aa√mØ hn`hßfpsS D]tbmKw \nb{¥n°pI, D]tbmKn

42

°p∂h Xs∂bpw ]p\cp]tbmKn°pI XpSßnb Imcyßƒ

\S∏n¬ hcptØ≠XmWv. Cu coXnbnep≈ Hcp \o°w

am{XamWv C∂p temIsØ apgph≥ _m[n®ncn°p∂

hens®dnb¬ kwkv°mcØn\v Hcp adpacp∂v. C°mcyØn¬

hfsc \n mcamb ]ptcmKXntb \Ωƒ CXphsc

ssIhcn®n´p≈p.

Imemhÿ ̨ \ΩpsS s]mXpapX¬

23. Imemhÿ F√mh¿°pw th≠nbp≈Xpw

F√mhscbpw _m[n°p∂XpamWv. BtKmfXeØn¬,

a\pjyPohnXØns‚ ASnÿm\ Bhiyßfpambn CgtN¿∂n

cn°p∂ Hcp k¶o¿W hyhÿnXnbmWnXv. B[nImcnIamb

imkv{Xob]T\ßƒ kqNn∏n°p∂X\pkcn®p \mant∏mƒ

ImemhÿbpsS A]ISIcamb Xm]\Øn\p km£yw

hln°pIbmWv. AXns‚ ^eambn Cu \mfpIfn¬Øs∂

ISense Pe\nc∏v XpS¿®bmbn Db¿∂psIm≠ncn°p∂p.

A¥co£Øns‚ Cu Xm]\w hfsc Kuchamb Imemhÿm

hyXnbm\ßfpw {]Xnk‘nIfpw krjvSn°p∂p≠v, Hmtcm

{]tXyI kμ¿`Øns‚bpw ]n∂nep≈ ImcWw imkv{Xob

ambn Nq≠n°mWn°m\mhns√¶nepw. Cu BtKmfXm]\sØ

t\cnSp∂Xn\mbn PohnXssienbnepw DXv]mZ\Ønepw

D]t`mKØnepw am‰w hcpØm≥ a\pjy≥ {i≤n°Ww. BtKmf

Xm]\Øn\p a‰p]e ImcWßƒ (A·n]¿hX kvt^mS\w,

`qan°p≠mIp∂ am‰ßƒ) Ds≠¶nepw imkv{Xob]T\ßf\p

kcn®p a\pjys‚ {]h¿Ø\ ^eambp≠mIp∂ lcnXKrl

hmXIßfpsS (green house gases: Im¿_¨ssU HmIvsskUv,

aotY≥, ss\{SP≥ HmIvsskUv) km{μoIcWw aqeamWv

BtKmfXm]\w C{Xbpw Dbcp∂Xv. ̀ qanbpsS A¥co£Øn¬

hym]n®ncn°p∂ Cu hmXIßƒ, kqcyIncWßƒ `qanbn¬

hym]n°p∂Xns\ XSbp∂p. temIhym]I Du¿÷hyhÿ

bpsS tI{μamb inem{ZhyØns‚ (Fossil fuel) h¿≤n®

tXmXnep≈ D]tbmKØne[njvTnXamb hnIk\ amXrI Cu

Ahÿ IqSpX¬ KpcpXcam°p∂p. Irjnbmhiyßƒ

°mbp≈ h\\ioIcWhpw aÆns‚ amdnb coXnbnep≈

D]tbmKßfpw \n¿WmbI LSIßfmWv .

43


24. Im¿_¨ BhrØn (carbon cycle) sbbpw Cu Xm]\w

_m[n°p∂p≠v. CsXmcp hnjahrØw krjvSn®v C∂sØ

Ahÿsb IqSpX¬ hjfm°p∂p. NqSp≈ {]tZißfnse

IpSnsh≈Øns‚ e`yXsbbpw Irjn DXv]mZ\sØbpw CXp

_m[n°pIbpw ̀ qanbpsS ssPhsshhn[yØns‚ (biodiversity)hn\miØn\p ImcWamIpIbpw sNøp∂p. {[ph{]tZiß

fnsebpw Db¿∂ taJeIfnsebpw lna]mfnbpcpI¬ aotY≥

hmXIØns‚ {]kcWØn\p ImcWamIp∂p. Dd™

Im¿_¨ an{inX hkvXp°fpsS {Zhn°¬ Im¿_¨ssU

HmIvsskUns‚ DZza\Øn\p Ifsamcp°p∂p. Imemhÿm

hyXnbm\sØ eLqIcnt°≠ DjvWtaJemh\ßfpsS

\mihpw {]iv\Øns‚ Kuchw h¿≤n∏n°p∂p. Im¿_¨ssU

HmIvsskUp aqeap≠mIp∂ aen\oIcWw kap{ZØns‚

AæoIcWw h¿≤n∏n°pIbpw kap{ZØnep≈ `£yirwJe

bv°v BLmXtaev]n°pIbpw sNøp∂p.

Ct∏mgsØ Ahÿ XpS¿∂m¬ Akm[mcWamb

ImemhÿmhyXnbm\Øn\pw ]cnÿnXn kwhn[m\Øns‚

A\\ykm[mcWamb \ioIcWØn\pw XXv^eambp≠m

Ip∂ {]XymLmXßƒ°pw Cu \q‰m≠n¬Xs∂ \Ωƒ

km£yw hlnt°≠n hcpw. ISense Peapb¿∂m¬ AXv

AXoh KpcpXcamb kmlNcyßfnte°v \sΩ FØn°pw.

ImcWw, temIP\XbpsS 1/4 `mKhpw Pohn°p∂Xp

Xoc{]tZißfnemWv. \ΩpsS henb ]´Wßfn¬ an°hbpw

\ZoXocßfnepamWv.

25. ImemhÿmhyXnbm\w Hcp BtKmf {]iv\amWv.

]mcnÿnXnI, kmaqlnI, kmºØnI, cmjv{Snb taJe

Itfbpw km[\ßfpsS hnXcWtØbpw CXp Kuchambn

_m[n°pw. C∂p a\pjy≥ A`napJnIcn°p∂ hensbmcp

sh√phnfnsb CXp {]Xn\n[m\w sNøp∂p. hcpw ZiIßfn¬

CXns‚ BLmXw G‰hpw IqSpX¬ Gev°p∂Xp hnIkzc

cmPyßfmWv. BtKmfXm]\hpambn _‘s∏´ {]Xn`mkßƒ

\ne\nev°p∂ ÿeßfnemWp Zcn{Z¿ IqSpXepw Pohn

°p∂Xv. ]cnÿnXn˛{]IrXn hn`hßfpambn _‘s∏´p≈

Irjn, ao≥]nSpØw, h\hn`htiJcWw XpSßnbhsb

44

B{ibn®mWv C°qćpsS D]Poh\wXs∂. Imemhÿm

hyXnbm\tØmSp s]mcpØs∏Sm\pw {]IrXn Zpc¥ßsf

t\cnSm\pw Ah¿°p thsd kmºØnI am¿§ßtfm hn`h

ßtfm C√. kmaqlykpc£m kwhn[m\ßfpw ChcpsS

klmbØns\Ømdn√. DZmlcWambn, Imemhÿbnep≠m

Ip∂ am‰ßsf AXnPohn°m\mhmØ arKßfpw kkyßfpw

Iq´tØmsS IpSnbndßpw. CXpaqew XßfpsS D]Poh\am¿§w

A]ISØnemIp∂ ]mhs∏´h¿ Xßƒ°p≈sX√mw hn´p

t]£n®p t]mtI≠nhcp∂XpsIm≠v AhcpsSbpw IpńIfp

sSbpw `mhn A\n›nXXzØnemIp∂p. {]IrXntimjWw (en-vironmental degradation) aqeap≠mIp∂ Zmcn{ZyØn¬\n∂p

c£s]Sm\mbn ]emb\w sNtø≠nhcp∂hcpsS FÆw

kwJymXoXambn h¿≤n°pIbmWv. A¥mcmjv{S]cambn

Ah¿ A`bm¿∞nIfmbn AwKoIcn°s∏Sp∂n√. Ah¿°p

≠mbncp∂ PohnXkmlNcyßƒ \jvSs∏´p F∂p am{Xa√,

Ah¿°p \nba]camb kpc£nXXzw e`n°p∂pan√. C∂pw

h¿≤n®phcp∂ C{]Imcap≈hcpsS ZpcnXßtfmSp \ap°p

s]mXpth DZmko\ at\m`mhamWp≈Xv F∂ hkvXpX Gsd

Zp:JIcamWv.

26 . IqSpX¬ hn`hßƒ ssIhiap≈hcpsSbpw

kmºØnI˛cmjv{Sob A[nImcßƒ Iømfp∂hcpsSbpw

{i≤apgph≥ Cu {]iv\ßsf ad®phbv°mt\m CXns‚

e£Wßsf Hfn®phbv°mt\m BWv. Imemhÿmam‰Øns‚

]cnWnXêßsf eLqIcn®p ImWn°m\mWv C°q´¿

{ian°p∂Xv. F∂ncp∂mepw CXns‚ e£Wßsf√mwXs∂

hnc¬ Nq≠p∂Xv, Cu coXnbnep≈ DXv]mZ\hpw D]t`mKhpw

XpS¿∂m¬, ÿnXn IqSpX¬ tamiamIpw F∂mWv. hcp∂

Iptd h¿jtØ°v Im¿_¨ssU HmIvsskUpw AXp

t]mep≈ a‰p aen\oIcW ImcWamb BknUpIfpw ]pdw

X≈s∏Sp∂Xns‚ AfhpIpdbv°m\mbn ]≤XnIƒ cq]oIcn

t°≠Xv G‰hpw Kuchamb BhiyamWv. DZmlcWambn,

inem{ZhyØn\p ]Icw ]p\cp]tbmK km[yXbp≈ Du¿P

DdhnSßƒ Is≠ØWw. BtKmfXeØn¬ ip≤hpw ]p\cp]

tbmK{]Zhpamb Du¿Pw hfsc Xp—amWv. sa®s∏´ kw`cW

Øn\p≈ kmt¶XnI hnZyIƒ Is≠tØ≠nbncn°p∂p. Nne

45


cmPyßƒ, sNdnb Afhnse¶nepw ]cnKW\m¿lamb

]ptcmKXn Cu cwKØp ssIhcn®n´p≠v. hfsc°pd®pam{Xw

Du¿Phpw AkwkvIrXhkvXp°fpw D]tbmKn°p∂

DXv]mZ\coXnIfnepw DXv]∂ßfpsS hnXcWØnepw

Du¿Ptijn sa®s∏SpØp∂ \n¿ΩmW{]h¿Ø\ßfnepw

sIńSßfpsS ]p\cp≤mcW {]{InbIfnepw apX¬

apS°p≠mIp∂p≠v. ]t£, Cu \√ ssienIsfm∂pw Ct∏mgpw

km[mcWambnń√.

II. Pe{]iv\w

27. C∂sØ kmlNcyØns‚ a‰p kqN\Iƒ {]IrXn

hn`hßfpsS \ioIcWhpambn _‘s∏´hbmWv.

apsºmcn°epan√mØ coXnbnep≈ ]mgm°¬ioehpw

hens®dnb¬ kwkv°mchpw apJap{Zbm°nbncn°p∂

hnIknX cmjv{Sßfnsebpw kº∂ kaqlßfnsebpw

C∂sØ coXnbnep≈ D]t`mKw XpS¿∂psIm≠pt]mIm≥

km[n°pIbns√∂p \ap°dnbmw. `qanbnse {]IrXn

hn`hßfpsS hn\ntbmKw A\phZ\obambp≈ F√m

AXn¿ØnIsfbpw ewLn®ncn°ps∂¶nepw Zmcn{Zyw F∂

{]iv\w ]cnlcn°m≥ \ap°nXphsc km[n®nń√.

28. ip≤amb IpSnsh≈w henb {]m[m\ya¿ln°p∂

hnjbamWv. ImcWw, `qanbnepw PeØnepap≈ ssPhhyh

ÿnXnbpsS kwc£WØn\pw a\pjyPohnXØn\pw AXv

Hgn®pIqSm\mhmØXmWv. icnbmb BtcmKyØn\pw

Irjn°pw hyhkmbØn\pw ip≤Pe t{kmX pIƒ Bhiy

amWv. ÿmbnbmb Pet{kmX pIƒ \ap°p≠mbncp∂p.

F∂m¬ C∂v, ]e ÿeßfnepw e`yambXnt\°mƒ IqSpX¬

Pew Bhiyambn hcp∂p. KpcpXchpw Zqchym]Ihpamb

A\¥cêßƒ CXn\p≠v. ip≤PehnXcWsØ B{ibn®p

Ignbp∂ Nne henb ]´Wßfn¬ Zu¿e`yw A\p`hs∏´

kμ¿`ßfn¬ t\m´°pdhp\nanØw \njv]£coXnbnep≈

PehnXcWw km[yamImsX h∂n´p≠v. PeZmcn{Zyw G‰hpw

IqSpX¬ A\p`hs∏Sp∂Xv B{^n°bnemWv. AhnsS

hensbmcp hn`mKw P\ßƒ°pw IpSn°m≥ ip≤Pew e`ya√;

hcƒ® Irjnhn`ßfpsS DXv]mZ\sØ _m[n°p∂pap≠v. Nne

46

cmPyßfn¬ Nne {]tZißfn¬ Pew kar≤ambps≠¶nepw

a‰p Nne ÿeßfn¬ PeZu¿e`yw A\p`hs∏Sp∂p≠v.

29. ]mhs∏´h\p e`n°p∂ PeØns‚ KpW\nehmc

amWp as‰mcp {][m\ {]iv\w. kq£vamWpPohnIfpw

hnjen]vXamb cmkhkvXp°fpw Ie¿∂, ip≤a√mØ

PeØns‚ D]tbmKwhgn Zn\w{]Xn F{Xtbm t]cmWp acW

s∏Sp∂Xpw Pekw_‘amb tcmKßƒ°v CcbmIp∂Xpw.

A]cym]vXamb ipNnXz]cn]me\hpw PehnXcWhpw

aqeap≠mIp∂ hbdpISn, tImfd XpSßnb tcmKßƒ F{Xtbm

Ip´nIfpsS kl\Øn\pw acWØn\pw ImcWamIp∂p.

th≠{X \nbaßfpw \nb{¥Wßfpan√msX Nne cmPyßfn¬

\SØp∂ J\\w, Irjn, hymhkmbnI{]h¿Ø\w XpSßnbh

`qK¿`Pet{kmX pIsf aen\s∏SpØp∂p≠v. CXp

hymhkmbnI amen\yØns‚ {]iv\w am{Xa√. temIØns‚

hnhn[ `mKßfnep]tbmKn°p∂ cmkhkvXp°fpw hkv{X

ßfnepw a‰pap≈ amen\y\n¿am¿P\Øn\p≈ hkvXp°fpw

\ΩpsS \ZnIfnte°pw XSmIßfnte°pw ISente°pamWv

HgpInsbØp∂Xv.

30. e`yamb PeØns‚ KpW\nehmcw ÿncambn XmWp

sIm≠ncn°ptºmgpw, temIØns‚ Nne`mKßfn¬ Pe

Zu¿e`yw A\p`hs∏Sptºmgpw, D≈ PesØ Itºmf

\nbaßƒ°p hnt[bam°n kzImcyhXv°cn°m\p≈

{]hWX h¿≤n®phcp∂p≠v. F∂m¬, a\pjys‚ \ne\nev]n

\pw a‰p a\pjymhImißfpsS \n¿hlWØn\pap≈

Ahiyhyhÿ F∂ \nebn¬ ip≤Pee`yX ASnÿm\

]chpw km¿h{XnIhpamb Hcp a\pjymhImiamWv. IpSnsh≈w

e`n°mØ ]mhs∏´ht\mSp \ap°p Kuchamsbmcp kmaqlnI

IS∏mSp≠v. ImcWw, A\ym[o\s∏SpØm\mhmØ alØz

Øn\p tbmPn® Hcp PohnXØn\p≈ AhImiamWh¿°p

\ntj[n°s∏Sp∂Xv. ip≤PehnXcWØn\pw iqNoIcW

{]{InbIƒ°pambn ̂ ≠p kzcq]n°p∂Xphgn ̀ mKnIambn Cu

kmaqlnI ISw ho´m≥ \ap°p km[nt®°pw. hnIknX

cmPyßfn¬ am{Xa√, Pew kpe`ambp≈ hnIkzc cmPy

ßfnepw Pew ]mgm°s∏Sp∂p≠v. henb AkaXzw

47


\ne\nev°p∂ ]›mØeØnepw CØcw s]cpam‰Øns‚

KuchsØ°pdn®p≈ Aht_m[an√mbva Cu ip≤Pe

{]Xnk‘n ̀ mKnIambn hnZym`ymk]chpw kwkvImcnIhpamb

Hcp hnjbamsW∂p shfnhm°p∂p.

31. PeØns‚ henbtXmXnep≈ Zu¿e`yw `£W

km[\ßfpsSbpw a‰p]e DXv]∂ßfpsSbpw DXv]mZ\s®ehv

Db¿Øpw. ASnb¥c \S]SnIƒ kzoIcn®ns√¶n¬ hfsc

Kuchamb PeZu¿e`yw DSs\ t\cntS≠nhcpsa∂p ]e

]T\ßfpw ap∂dnbn∏p \evIp∂p≠v. ]mcnÿnXnImLmXw

iXtImSn P\ßsf _m[n°pw. Pe\nb{¥Ww cmPym¥c

I®hS°mcpsS ssIbnembm¬ Cu ImeL´Ønse alm

kwL¿jßƒ°pXs∂ AsXmcp {][m\ ImcWambnØo

cpIbpw sNøpw.

III. ssPhsshhn[yßfpsS \miw

32. kmºØnI ˛ hymhkmbnI ˛ DXv∏mZ\taJe

Ifnep≈ Zo¿Lho£Wan√mØ kao]\coXnIƒaqew

`qanbpsS hn`hßƒ h≥tXmXn¬ sIm≈sNøs∏Sp∂p≠v.

h\\ioIcWØneqsSbpw acßƒ apdn®p\o°p∂XneqsSbpw

kw`hn°p∂ hwi\miwaqew `mhnbn¬ a\pjycpsS

BlmcØn\p am{Xa√, tcmKßƒ kpJam°p∂Xn\pw

a‰p]tbmKßƒ°pw th≠nhcp∂ kp{][m\ hn`hßfmWp

\jvSamIp∂Xv. hcpw\mfpIfn¬ a\pjys‚ Bhiyßƒ°pw

]cnÿnXn{]iv\ßsf \nb{¥n°p∂Xn\pw Bhiyamb

hn`hßƒ hyXykvXßfmb kky˛PohPmeßfpsS

P\nXILSIßfn¬ ASßnbn´p≠v.

33. hyXykvX PohPmeßsf `mhnbn¬ D]tbmK

km[yXbp≈ ""hn`hßƒ'' am{Xambn I≠m¬ t]mcm;

Ahbv°v Ahbn¬Øs∂ Hcp aqeyw Ds≠∂Imcyw ad°cpXv.

Hmtcm h¿jhpw Bbnc°W°n\p sNSnIfpw PohPmeßfpw

Cu temIØp\n∂pw A{]Xy£amIp∂p≠v. Ah

Fs∂t∂bv°pambn \jvSs∏Sp∂XpsIm≠v Ahsb°pdn

®dnbm≥ \ap°mhpIbn√; Ahsb ImWm\p≈ ̀ mKyw \ΩpsS

Ip™pßƒ°p≠mhpIbpan√. Chbn¬ `qcn`mKhpw

48

A\yw\n∂pt]mIp∂Xv a\pjys‚ {]h¿Ø\ßƒ

ImcWamWv. \Ωƒaqew Bbnc°W°n\p PohPmeßƒ°v

AhbpsS AkvXnXzwsIm≠v ssZhsØ alØzs∏SpØmt\m

AhbpsS ktμiw \ap°p \evImt\m km[n°msX t]mIp∂p;

\ap°v AXn\p≈ AhImian√.

34. s]mXpth F√mbnSØpw ImWs∏ńcp∂

]£nIfpsSbpw DcKßfpsSbpw hwi\mitØ°pdn®p≈

AdnhpXs∂ \sΩ Gsd AkzÿXs∏SpØntb°mw.

]cnÿnXnhyhÿbpsS kpKaamb {]h¿Ø\Øn\p Iq¨

(fungi), IS¬kkyßƒ (Algae), ]pgp°ƒ, IoSßƒ, CgP¥p

°ƒ XpSßnb AkwJyw sNdpPohnIfpsS km∂n[yw Bhiy

amWv. Hmtcm ÿeØns‚bpw k¥penXmhÿ \ne\n¿Øp∂

Xn\p sNdpKWw PohnIfpsS ]¶v, Ah A{Xbv°p ImWs∏Sp

∂hbs√¶nepw, hfsc \n¿WmbIamWv. ùahyhÿ

(geosystem) A]ISIcamb k‘nbnseØptºmƒ a\pjy≥

CSs]SpIXs∂ thWw. ]t£, Cu ImeL´ßfn¬ {]IrXn

bnep≈ a\pjys‚ CSs]SepIƒ XpSscØpSscbmIp∂p≠v.

AXns‚ ]cnWnXêambn henb {]iv\ßƒ DSseSp°p∂p.

Cu {]iv\ßƒ ho≠pw IqSpX¬ CSs]SepIƒ Bhiyam°n

Øo¿°p∂p. am\pjnI CSs]SepIƒ C{]Imcw A]IS

km[yX h¿≤n∏n°p∂p. {]iv\]cnlmcm¿∞ap≈ a\pjys‚

Cu CSs]SepIƒ Hcp hnjahrØw Xo¿°pIbpw ]et∏mgpw

kmlNcysØ hjfm°pIbpw sNøp∂p. DZmlcWØn\v,

IoS\min\nIfpsS h¿≤n® D]tbmKw Irjnsb klmbn°p

s∂¶nepw \nch[n ]£nIfpsSbpw IoSßfpsSbpw \mi

Øn\p ImcWamIp∂p. ChbpsS Xntcm[m\w ]cnlcn°p∂

Xn\p≈ kmt¶XnI]≤XnIƒ a‰p {]iv\ßfnte°p \bn

°p∂p. a\pjy\n¿ΩnX {]iv\ßƒ°p ]cnlmcw ImWp∂Xn

\mbn imkv{X⁄cpw F≥Pn\ob¿amcpw \SØp∂ \nXm¥

]cn{iaßsf \ap°p «mLn°mw.

35. GsX¶nepw ]≤Xnaqeap≠mIp∂ ]cnÿnXn

BLmXsØ hnebncpØptºmƒ, km[mcWbmbn AXv aÆv,

Pew, hmbp F∂nhbn¬ sNepØp∂ kz[o\sØ°pdn®mWv

Gdnb ]¶v Bƒ°mcpw BIpecmIp∂Xv. ssPhsshhn[yØn

49


t∑¬ Ahbv°p≈ kzm[o\sØ°pdn®p Kuchamb ]T\ßƒ

\S°mdn√. kkyßfpsSbpw P¥p°fpsSbpw Nne hwißfpsS

Xs∂bpw \miw {i≤n°s∏tS≠ Hcp Imcyas√∂pt≠m?

h≥]mXIƒ, XSbWIƒ, ]pXnb tXm´ßƒ F∂nhbpsS

\n¿ΩmWw, Nne {]tZißƒ thensIń th¿Xncn°¬, kam\

hnIk\ {]h¿Ø\ßƒ F∂nhaqew ]mcnÿnXnI

BhmkhyhÿIƒ P\hmktI{μßfmbnØocmdp≠v.

Nnet∏msgms° arKßfpsS sskzcyk©mctam tZimS\tam

km[n°mØ hn[Øn¬ Ah XSkamhmdpap≠v. XXvêambn

Nne PohPmeßƒ hwi\miòjWn t\cnSp∂p. Cu

]≤XnbpsS BLmXßƒ Ipdbv°p∂ h\yPohn CS\mgn

t]mep≈ _Z¬ am¿Kßƒ D≠v. F∂m¬ AØcØnep≈

Zo¿Lho£Whpw ]cnKW\bpw an° cmPyßƒ°pan√. Nne

P¥ph¿Kßsf hmWnPytaJebn¬ ]camh[n D]tbmK

s∏SpØptºmgpw AhbpsS {]XypXv]mZ\ {IasØ°pdn®p

]T\w \SØmdn√. AXp sNbvXncps∂¶n¬ AhbpsS FÆw

Ipdbepw ]cnÿnXnbpsS Ak¥penXmhÿbpw XSbmambn

cp∂p.

36. ]cnÿnXn kwc£WØn\p Zo¿Lho£Ww

BhiyamWv. Ffp∏Ønepw Ignbp∂{X s]s´∂pw em`

ap≠m°m\m{Kln°p∂h¿°p ]cnÿnXn kwc£WØn¬

bmYm¿∞ XmXv]cyap≠mhn√. AØcw kzm¿∞ \ne]mSpIƒ

aqeap≠mIp∂ \jvSØns‚ hne Ahbn¬\n∂p≈

[\em`tØ°mƒ hepXmWv. Nne hwißƒ \in°pItbm

kmcambn t{Zmln°s∏SpItbm sNøp∂nSØp≠mIp∂

\jvSßƒ Xn´s∏SpØm\mhmØhbmWv. ]cnkvYnXn

hn\miØns‚ h≥hne Ct∏mgsØbpw `mhnXeapdbnsebpw

a‰p a\pjyscs°m≠p sImSp∏n®v kmcamb em`w sImømw

F∂p Nn¥n°p∂h¿°p am{Xta CØcw A\oXnIƒs°Xntc

\ni_vZcmbncn°m≥ Ignbq.

37 Nne cmjv{Sßƒ ssPhkt¶Xßƒ Icbnepw

ISenepw Xo¿Øv AhbpsS kzm`mhnI X\na XI¿°p∂

am\pjnI CSs]SepIƒ°p \nb{¥Wßƒ G¿s∏SpØn

bn´p≠v. CXv Cu cwKØv A¿∞hØmb Hcp ]ptcmKXnbmbn

50

IW°m°mw. ssPhsshhn[y kwc£WsØ∏‰nbp≈

hnZKv[cpsS A`n{]mb{]Imcw khntij {i≤ \evtI≠Xv

Pohnh¿Kßƒ IqSpXep≈nSØmWv. H∏w, NnebnSßfn¬

am{Xw ImWs∏Sp∂hbv°pw A]q¿hhpw Ac£nXhpamb

hbv°pw {]tXyI IcpX¬ \¬IWw. BtKmf Bhmkhyhÿ

bv°p a¿Ω{][m\ambXn\m¬ kwc£n°s∏tS≠ {]tXyI

{]tZißfpw XÆo¿ØSßfpsS km∂n≤yØm¬ AXn{][m\

ambn KWn°s∏tS≠ {]tZißfpap≠mImw. ImcWw, Ch

CXc Pohs‚ \ne\nev]n\v A\nhmcyamWv.

38 . Nne DZmlcßƒ Nq≠n°mńbm¬, ssPh

sshhn[yßfm¬ kº∂amb `qanbpsS izmktImißfmb

Batkm¨, tImwtKm \ZoXSßfpw a™p]mfnIfpw `qK¿`

Pe\n[nIfpap≠v. Chsb√mw `qanbv°mIam\hpw `mhn

a\pjy¿°pw F{X {][m\s∏´XmsW∂p \ap°dnbmw. DjvW

taJem ag°mSpIfn¬ AXnk¶o¿Whpw C∂pw ]q¿Wambn

a\ nem°m\mhmØXpamb ssPh sshhn[yßfp≠v. Cu

h\ßƒ Fcn™p XocpItbm \in∏n°s∏SpItbm sNøp

tºmƒ GXm\pw h¿jßƒ°p≈n¬ At\Iw Pohnh¿Kßƒ

C√mXmhpIbpw AhnSw Dujc`qanbmbnØocpIbpw sNøpw.

C°mcyßƒ N¿® sNøptºmƒ AXnkq£vaamb k¥pe\w

]ment°≠Xp≠v. Fs¥∂m¬ CØcw {]tZißƒ

kwc£n°ms\∂ hymtP\ BtKmf kmºØnI òa∑m¿°v

Ch ÿnXnsNøp∂ cmjv{SßfpsS ]cam[nImcsØ Ańadn

°m\mhpsa∂ hkvXpX I≠ns√∂p \Sn°m\mhn√. bYm¿∞

Øn¬ ""BatkmWns\ A¥mcmjv{SkzØmbn {]Jym]n°m

\p≈ \n¿tZiw Db¿∂n´p≠v. CXv A¥mcmjv{S Iº\nIfpsS

kmºØnI XmXv]cysØ kwc£n°m≥ am{Xap≈XmW.v''24

AtXkabw ]e A¥mcmjv{S GP≥knIfpsSbpw kmaqly

kwLS\IfpsSbpw A¿∏Wt_m[sØ {]Io¿Øn°mXncn

°m\mhn√. Ah s]mXpP\{i≤sb CØcw hnjbßfnte°v

BI¿jn°pIbpw {InbmflI klIcWw \evIpIbpw

sNøp∂p. Htcm k¿°mcpw AXmXp cmPysØ ]cnÿnXn

hn`hßƒ kwc£n°p∂ ZuXyw kzbta \n¿hln°p∂p

sh∂p icnbmb am¿KØneqsS Dd∏phcpØpIbt{X Ah¿

51


sNøp∂Xv. C°mcyØn¬ Ah¿°p {]tZinItam A¥¿t±io

btam Bb I]SXmXv]cyßfn√.

39. I\ymh\ßfpsS ÿm\Øv HtcXcw hr£ß

fp≈ tXm´ßƒ h®p]nSn∏n°p∂ coXnbpsS BLmXßsf

°pdn®pw th≠{X KthjWßƒ \S∂n´n√. ]pXnb Xcw

Pohnh¿Kßƒ tNt°dp∂Xn\v CØcw tXm´ßƒ A\p

tbmPya√. NXp∏p\neßƒ Ic`qanbmbn am‰s∏Sptºmƒ

BZyap≠mbncp∂ alm ssPhsshhn[yßƒ A{]-Xy-£-am-

Ip-∂p. Nne Xoc{]tZißfn¬ I≠¬°mSpIfnse Bhmk

hyhÿ \in®\nebnembXv DXv°WvTbpfhm°p∂p≠v.

40. kap{Zw Pek©bamsW∂p am{Xa√, Ahbn¬

\ap°dnbmØ At\IiXw Pohh¿Kßfps≠∂p \ap°p

ad°mXncn°mw. \ZnIƒ, XSmIßƒ, IS¬ XpSßnbh

P\kwJybpsS hensbmcp iXam\sØ t]m‰p∂p. Ahbpw

A\nb{¥nXamb a’y_‘\Øns‚ CcIfmhpIbpw

AXphgn Nne h¿KßfpsS \ne\n¬∏p kmcambn

_m[n°s∏SpIbpw sNøp∂p. NneXcw a’yßsf sXc™p

th´bmSptºmƒ H∏w ]mgm°nsbdnbp∂ A\yPohnIsf

°pdn®p≈ tNmZyßfpw Db¿∂pXs∂ \nev°p∂p. `ojWn

t\cnSp∂ Nne PePohPmeßƒ°pt\sc \msa∂pw

IÆS®nt´bp≈p. Pekkyßfpw ]mbepIfpw DZmlcW

ßfmWv. kap{ZØnse BlmcirwLebn¬ Ah

{][m\s∏´XmsW∂p am{Xa√, \Ωƒ `£WØn\p

]tbmKs∏SpØp∂ ]eXpw \ne\nev∏n\v BXy¥nIambn

Ahsb B{ibn°pIbpw sNøp∂p≠v.

41 DjvWtaJemkap{Zßfnepw AhtbmSp

tN¿∂pInS°p∂ kap{Zßfnepw ImWs∏Sp∂ ]hng∏p‰pIsf

Icbn¬ ImWs∏Sp∂ almh\ßtfmSp Xpe\w sNømhp∂

XmWv. ImcWw, Ah Zie£°W°n\p Pohnh¿Kßƒ°p

]m¿∏nSamWv. a’yßƒ, R≠pIƒ, Nn∏nh¿Kßƒ, a‰p

kq£vaPohnIƒ F∂nh CXn¬s∏Sp∂p. `qanbnse ]e

]hng∏p‰pIfpw DujcXbntem £bmhÿbntem BWv.

""ISense A¤pXtemIsØ \ndtam Poht\m C√mØ

ih∏dºpIfm°nbXmcmWv?''25 Cu {]Xn`mkØn\p {][m\

52

ImcWw h\\ioIcWw, GIhnfIrjncoXn, hyhkmb

amen\yßƒ, kbss\Upw ssU\man‰pw D]tbmKn®p≈

\ioIcW ao≥]nSpØk{ºZmbßƒ F∂nhbmep≈

aen\oIcWw ISenseØnt®¿∂XmWv. ISens‚ Xm]\ne

Dbcp∂Xv Cu {]iv\sØ hjfm°p∂p. C°mcyßƒ

kqNn∏n°p∂Xp a\pjy≥ {]IrXnbn¬ \SØp∂

GsXmcnSs]Sepw, DS≥ {]Xy£as√¶n¬Øs∂bpw,

{]XymLmXßƒ krjvSnt®°msa∂mWv. hn`hßfpsS

NneXcw NqjWßƒ°p I\Ø hne \evtI≠nhcpw.

Hcp]t£, ISens‚ ASnØt´mfsaØp∂ A[:]X\w

Xs∂bmImaXv.

42. Bhmk hyhÿIsf IqSpX¬ \∂mbn a\-kn-em-

°p -∂-Xn\pw ]cnÿnXnbnse am‰ßƒ°nSbm°p∂

LSIßsf°pdn®p ]cym]vXamwhn[w hniIe\w sNøp∂

Xn\pw klmbIamhp∂ KthjWßƒ t{]m’mln∏n°Ø°

hn[Øn¬ IqSpX¬ aqe[\w sNehgn°s∏SWw. F√m

krjvSnIfpw ]ckv]cw _‘s∏ńcn°p∂Xn\m¬ Hmtcm∂pw

kvt\lmZchpItfmsS ]cn]men°s∏SWw. Fs¥∂m¬, \mapw

krjvSnIfmbXn\m¬ ]ckv]cw B{ibn®mWp \ne\nev°p

∂Xv. Hmtcm taJebpw Cu IpSpw_Øns‚ NpaXebn¬

s∏´XmWv. Hmtcm ÿesØbpw Pohh¿KßfpsS IrXyX

bm¿∂ ]ńI Xømdm°p∂Xn\pw hwi\miòjWn t\cnSp∂

h¿KßfpsS kwc£WØn\pw ]cnNcWØn\pw Bhiyamb

]≤XnIƒ cq]Iev]\ sNøp∂Xn\pap≈ kwcw`ßƒ \Ωƒ

Gs‰Spt°≠nbncn°p∂p.

IV. a\pjyPohnXØns‚ \nehmcØf¿®bpw

kaqlØns‚ XI¿®bpw

43. a\pjy\pw {]]©Ønse krjvSnIfpsS `mKamWv.

Ah\p Pohn°m\pw B\μn°m\pap≈ AhImihpw khntij

alXzhpap≠v. AXn\m¬ ]cnÿnXn\miw, B[p\nI

hnIk\amXrIIƒ, hens®dnb¬ kwkv°mcw F∂nh

P\]ZßfpsS PohnXØn¬ sNepØp∂ kzm[o\ßsf

AhKWn®pIqSm.

53


44. DZmlcWØn\v, C∂p ]e \KcßfpsSbpw hf¿®

BtcmKyIcamb PohnXØn\p]Icn°mØ coXnbn¬

A\p]mXclnXhpw Xmfw sX‰nbXpamsW∂p \ap°dnbmw.

hnjhmXIßfmep≈ aen\oIcWw am{Xa√, \Kc

tImeleßƒ, bm{XmkuIcyßfpsS A]cym]vXX,

t\{Xaen\oIcWw, i_vZaen\oIcWw F∂nhbpw CXn\p

ImcWßfmWv. ]e \Kcßfpw Du¿÷hpw sh≈hpw

]mgm°p∂, Imcy£aXbn√mØ ̀ oa≥ sI´nSßƒ am{XamWv.

ChtbmSp tN¿Øp ]pXpXmbn \n¿Ωn°p∂ hkXnIƒt]mepw

CSpßnbXpw Aet¶mes∏´Xpw ]®∏p≈ Hcp Xp≠p `qan

t]mepan√mØXpamWv. {]IrXnbpambn t\cn´p≈ kIe

kº¿°ßfpw \ntj[n°s∏´p kna‚ns‚bpw Smdns‚bpw

Nn√ns‚bpw temlØns‚bpw {]fbØn¬ apßnØmgm\p≈

X√ a\pjyPohoXw.

45. NnebnSßfn¬, {Kmaßfntem \Kcßfntem BIs´,

{]IrXncaWobamb ÿeßƒ ]ecpw kzImcy kzØmbn

IøS°nh®ncn°p∂Xn\m¬ a‰p≈h¿°v AhntS°p

{]thi\w \ntj[n°s∏Sp∂p. a‰nSßfn¬ Ir{Xna

im¥Xbv°pth≠n ""lcnX''Np‰p]mSpIƒ Xo¿Øv A\y¿°p

{]thi\w \ntj[n°p∂p. ]et∏mgpw \KcßfpsS ""kpc£nX

`mKßfn¬'' kpμcamb ]®XpcpØpIƒ ]cn]men°s∏Sp∂Xp

ImWmw. F∂m¬, AtX \KcØns‚ Ccp≠ {]m¥{]tZi

ßƒ°pw AhnsS hkn°p∂ ]pd¥≈s∏´h¿°pw Ch

A\yamWv.

46. BtKmfam‰Øns‚ kmaqlyhißƒ \nch[nbmWv.

sXmgn¬ taJebnse b{¥hXv°cWw, H‰s∏S¬, Du¿PØn

s‚bpw a‰p tkh\ßfpsSbpw Ak¥penXamb hnXcWhpw

D]t`mKhpw, kaqlØnse XI¿®Iƒ, h¿≤n®phcp∂ A{Ia

ßƒ, ]pXnbXcw kmaqlnI Itø‰ßƒ, IS∂pIb‰ßƒ,

bphP\ßfpsS h¿≤n® ab°pacp∂p]tbmKw XpSßn

kzXz\jvSwhsc CXnepƒs∏Sp∂p. Ign™ c≠p \q‰m≠p

Ifnse hf¿® ka{K hnIk\Øntet°m PohnXta∑

h¿≤n∏n°p∂Xntet°m FØnt®¿∂ns√∂Xns‚ kqN\

IfmWnh. kmaqly s]mcpØØns‚bpw DZv{KY\Øns‚bpw

54

sI´pIƒ \ni_Zvambn s]mńØIcp∂ bYm¿∞ kmaqlnIm

[:]X\Øns‚ e£Wßfpw Chbn¬ NneXp kqNn∏n°p∂p.

47. AXnep]cn am[yaßfpw UnPn‰¬ temIhpw ap°nepw

aqebnepwhsc k¿Δ{X km∂n≤yadnbn°ptºmƒ AhbpsS

kzm[o\w, hnthI]q¿Δw Pohn°p∂Xn¬\n∂pw BgØn¬

Nn¥n°p∂Xn¬\n∂pw DZmcambn kvt\ln°p∂Xn¬\n∂pw

a\pjys\ XSt™°mw. hnhce`yXbpsS I\Ø`mcØn¬

AXns‚ H®∏mSns‚bpw sskzct°Sns‚bpw a[yØn¬,

Ign™ ImesØ alm⁄m\nIfpsS i_vZw tIƒ°s∏SmsX

t]mIm\p≈ A]ISkm[yXbpw hepXmWv. am[yaßƒ

\ΩpsS B¥cnI\nt£]ßƒ°p òjWnbmImsX, Ahsb

kmwkv°mcnI hf¿®bpsS DdhnSam°n am‰m≥ bXv\ßƒ

BhiyamWv. {ItaW `mctadnb NpaSpw Bib°pg∏

hpambnØo¿∂v HcpXcw NnØaen\oIcWØn\nSbm°p∂

shdpw hnhckamlcWØns‚ êa√ bmYm¿∞ ⁄m\w.

adn®v, BXva]cntim[\bpsSbpw CXc hy‡nIfpambp≈

DZmcamb I≠papéns‚bpw kwhmZØns‚bpw êamWXv.

a‰p≈hcpambp≈ bYm¿∞_‘ßƒ, Ahbpƒs°m≈p∂

kIe sh√phnfnItfmSpwIqsS, C∂v C‚¿s\‰p _‘ßƒ°p

hgnamdnbncn°p∂p. AXn¬ \ΩpsS CjvSm\njvSßƒ

°\pkcn®p≈ hy‡nIsfam{Xw sXcs™Sp°pIbpw

A√mØhsc Hgnhm°pIbpw sNøp∂XpsIm≠v HcpXcw

Ir{Xna hnImcamWp t]mjn∏n°s∏Sp∂Xv. a\pjytcmSpw

{]IrXntbmSp≈ _‘sØ°mƒ D]IcWßtfmSpw

AhbpsS {]IS\]cXtbmSp≈ A`n\nthiw am{XamWhnsS

{][m\w. Adnhpw kvt\lhpw ]¶phbv°m≥ am[yaßƒ

klmbn°mdps≠∂Xp hmkvXhamWv. F¶nepw, an°t∏mgpw

Ah \sΩ A]cs‚ thZ\ItfmSpw DXvIWvTItfmSpw

kt¥mjßtfmSpw sshhn[yam¿∂ AhcpsS PohnXm\p`hß

tfmSpw t\cn´p _‘s∏Sm\\phZn°mØ adbmbn h¿Øn

°p∂p. C°mcWØm¬, am[yaßfpsS hnkvabam¿∂

km[yXIsf°pdn®v Aht_m[ap≈hcmIp∂Øns\m∏w

hy‡n_‘ßƒ°pta¬ Ah hogvØp∂ hnjmZmflIamb

ISpØ AkwXr]vXntbbpw lm\nIcamb GIm¥Xtbbpw

Ipdn®pIqSn \Ωƒ PmKcqIcmIWw.

55


V. BtKmfXe AkaXzßƒ

48. a\pjys‚ ]cnÿnXnbpw {]IrXnbpsS ]cnÿnXnbpw

Hcpan®mWv A[x]Xn°p∂Xv. am\pjnIhpw kmaqlyhpamb

A[x]X\Øns‚ ImcWßƒ ]Tn°msX ]cnÿnXn\miØn

s\Xnsc s]mcpXm≥ \ap°mhn√. bYm¿∞Øn¬ {]IrXnbpsS

Po¿WXbpw kaqlØns‚ Po¿WXbpw Cu {KlØnse

G‰hpw apdnthev∏n°s∏Smhp∂ BfpIsfbmWp k¿hYm

_m[n°p∂Xv: ""A\pZn\ PohnXØnse A\p`hßfpw

imkv{XobKthjWßfpw Hcpt]mse hnc¬Nq≠p∂Xv

]cnÿnXnbpsStaep≈ GXp IS∂pIb‰Øns‚bpw G‰hpw

òIcamb Zqjyßƒ _m[n°p∂Xv Atßb‰w Zcn{Zcmbhsc

bmWv'' F∂mWv.26 DZmlcWØn\v, A\nb{¥nXamb h≥InS

a’y_‘\w lm\nIcamIp∂Xv, \jvSs∏Sp∂ hn`hßƒ°p

]Icw Is≠Øm\mhmØ sNdpInS a’ysØmgnemfnIƒ

°mWv. Peaen\oIcWw khntijambn _m[n°p∂Xv

Ip∏nsh≈w hmßm≥ IgnbmØ Zcn{ZscbmWv; IS¬

\nc∏pbcp∂ {]Xn`mkw _m[n°p∂Xv t]mIm≥ as‰mcnS

an√mØ XoctZihmknIsfbmWv. ]e ]mhs∏´hcpsSbpw

Poh≥ AImeØn¬ s]menbp∂Xns‚ ]n∂nepw `£y£ma

ap≈nSsØ kwL¿ßƒ°p ]n∂nepw a‰t\Iw {]iv\ßƒ°p

]n∂nepw Cu Ak¥penXmhÿbpsS kzm[o\w ImWmw.

CØcw {]iv\ßƒ BtKmfN¿®Iƒ°p th≠{X

hnjbo`hn®nń√.27

49. s]mXphmbn ]d™m¬, ]m¿izhXvIcn°s∏´hsc

{]tXyIw _m[n°p∂ {]iv\ßsf°pdn®p≈ Aht_m[

Øn\p XSkambn \nev°p∂ bmsXm∂pw Xs∂bn√. F∂n´pw

temIP\kwJybnse _lp`qcn]£hpw tImSn°W°n\p

hcp∂ C°qćmWv. A¥mcmjv{S kmºØnI cmjv{Sob

N¿®Ifn¬ CubnsSbmbn Ah¿ ]cma¿in°s∏Smdp≠v.

F∂mepw, AhcpsS {]iv\ßƒ Hcn°epw apJyAP≠bpsS

`mKamImdn√; Ah ssIImcyw sNøs∏Sp∂Xv Hcp

ho≠phnNmcsa∂ \nebntem, ISa \ndth‰ms\∂ ańtem,

{][m\yw Ipd™sX∂p [z\n∏n°p∂ XcØntem BWv.

N¿®Isf√mw Ahkm\n°ptºmgpw Zcn{ZcpsS ÿnXn

56

]gbcoXnbn¬Øs∂ XpScpw. hnZKv≤¿, A`n{]mbcq]oIcW

°m¿, hm¿Ømam[yaßƒ, A[nImctI{μßƒ F∂nh¿

Zcn{ZcpsS {]iv\ßfpambn t\cn´p≈ kº¿°Øn¬\n∂I∂p

hnZqcXbn¬, \KcØns‚ kp`n£Xbn¬ Ignbp∂Xp

sIm≠mWv C{]Imcw kw`hn°p∂Xv. Ah¿ Pohn°p∂Xpw

Nn¥n°p∂Xpw temIP\Xbn¬ _lp`qcn]£Øn\pw

FØn∏nSn°m\mhmØ{X XcØn¬, hnIk\Øns‚bpw

PohnX\nehmcØns‚bpw Db¿∂ \nebnepw kpJ{]Zamb

ÿm\ßfnepw \n∂psIm≠mWv. Nent∏msg¶nepw \ΩpsS

\Kcßƒ Zcn{Zsc th¿Xncn°p∂Xpaqew Ahcpambn

t\cn´p≈ kº¿°tam I≠pap´tem C√mXmIp∂Xn\m¬,

a\xkm£n achn°p∂Xn\pw Nne bmYm¿∞yßsf

hnkvacn®psIm≠p≈ \njv]£a√mØ hniIe\Øn\pw

CSbmIp∂p. ""lcnX''{]`mjWßfpsS HmcwtN¿∂pw CØcw

at\m`mhßƒ ImWmw. Hcp Imcyw \Ωƒ a\knem°Ww:

kXyk‘amb ]cnÿnXnimkv{Xkao]\w F∂psat∏mgpw

Hcp kmaqlnI kao]\amIWw; ̀ qanbpsS \nehnfntbmsSm∏w

Zcn{ZcpsS \nehnfnbpw tIƒ°m\nSbmIpwhn[w AXp

]cnÿnXn kwhmZßfn¬ \oXnbpsS hnjbßƒ

Dƒt®¿°Ww.

50. Zcn{ZcpsS {]iv\ßƒ Fßs\ ]cnlcn°msa∂pw

temIsØ Fßs\ sa®s∏SpØmsa∂pw Nn¥n°p∂Xn\p

]Icw, Nne¿°v P\\\nc°p Ipdbv°p∂Xn\p≈ \n¿t±iw

hbv°mt\bp≈q. Nne hnIkzccmPyßƒ kmºØnIklmbw

e`n°m≥ P\\ \nb{¥W \bßƒ (policies of reproductive health)cq]oIcn°Wsa∂ hyhÿt]mep≈ A¥mcmjv{SkΩ¿Zw

A\p`hn°p∂p≠v. ""P\km{μXbpw hn`he`yXbpw XΩnep≈

s]mcpØt°Sv hnIk\tØbpw {]IrXnbpsS \ne\nev°p∂

D]tbmKsØbpw kzm[o\nt®°msa¶nepw P\kwJym

h¿≤\hv ka{Khpw ]¶mfnØm[njvTnXhpamb hnIk\

tØmSp ]q¿Wambpw HØpt]mIp∂XmsW∂ hkvXpX

AwKoIcnt® ]‰q.'' 28 NnecpsS ]cn[nhn´ D]t`mKXrjWsb

ad®ph®v P\kwJymh¿≤\hns\ Ip‰s∏SpØp∂Xp bYm¿∞

{]iv\sØ A`napJoIcn°m\p≈ hnapJXsbbmWp ImWn

°p∂Xv. XßfpsS D]t`mKssienbpsS amen\yßƒt]mepw

57


Xmßm≥ Cu {KlØn\p km[n°mØXpsIm≠v D]t`mKm

hImiw BtKmfhXv°cn°m\mhns√∂p hmZn°p∂ Hcp

\yq\]£w Ct∏mgsØ hnXcWk{ºZmbßƒ°p \nba

km[pXzw \evIm≥ {ian°p∂p. IqSmsX, Dev]mZn∏n°s∏´

`£W]Zm¿∞ßfpsS aq∂nsem∂p ]mgm°s∏SpIbmsW∂p

\ap°dnbmw. ""`£Ww ]mgm°n hens®dnbp∂Xp Zcn{Zs‚

taibn¬\n∂p tamjvSn°p∂Xn\p XpeyamWv.''29 F∂mepw,

tZiobXeØnepw BtKmfXeØnepw P\km{μXbnep≈

Ak¥penXmhÿ KuchØnseSp°Ww. ImcWw, h¿≤n®

D]t`mKwaqeap≠mIp∂ ]cnÿnXnaen\oIcWw, h¿≤n®

KXmKXw, amen\yDXv]mZ\w, hn`h\jvSw, PohnX\nehmc

NypXn F∂o {]iv\ßƒ {]mtZinIamb k¶o¿W kmlNcy

ßfnte°p \bn°p∂p.

51. AkaXzw hy‡n-Isf am{X-a√, cmjv{S -ß-ƒ

apgphs\bpw _m[n-°p-∂p. AXn-\m¬, A¥m-cm-jv{S-_-‘-ß-

fpsS Hcp \oXnimkv{Xw (ethics) cq]o-I-cn-°m≥ \Ωƒ \n¿_-

‘n-X-cm-Ip-∂p. BtKmfXeØn¬, sX°pw hS°pw XΩn¬ Hcp

bYm¿∞ ""]mcnÿnXnI ISw'' (ecological debt) \ne\nev∏p≠v.

Nne cmjv{S-ßƒ Zo¿L-Im-e-ambn {]Ir-Xn-hn-`-h-ß-ƒ A\p-]m-

X-c-ln-X-ambn D]tbmKn°p∂Xns‚ ^eambn cmjv{Sßƒ°n-

S-bn¬ \ne-\nev°p-∂Xpw ]cnÿnXnsb _m[n°p∂Xpamb

hmWnPy Ak-¥p-en-Xm-h-ÿbpambn _‘s∏´XmWv Cu ISw.

hS-°p≈ hy-mh-km-bnI cmPy-ßfnse hn]-Wnsb Xr]vXns∏Sp-

Øm≥th≠n Akw-kvIrXhkvXp-°ƒ Ib-‰p-aXn sNøp-∂Xp

{]mtZ-in-I-amb t{Zmlw hcp-Øn-bn-´p≠v. kz¿W-L-\-\-

Ønep≠mIp∂ sa¿°p-dn-aqeap≈ aen-\o-I-cWhpw sNºp-L-

\-\-Øn¬ kw`hn°p∂ kƒ^¿ ssUHmIvssk-Up aqeap-≈

aen-\o-I-c-Whpw CXn\pZmlcWßfmWv. Ign™ c≠p \q‰m-

≠p-I-fmbn hmX-Im-h-in-jvS-ßƒ \nt£-]n-°p-∂-Xn\pth≠n

temI-saßpw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠n-h∂ ]mcn-ÿn-XnI ÿe-

ß-fpsS IW-s°-Spt°≠Xv ASnb¥ncmhiyamWv. ImcWw,

F√m temI-cm -jv {S -ßsfbpw C∂p _m[n -°p∂ Hcp

{]iv\amWnXv. Nne kº∂ cmjv{S-ß-fnse h≥ D]-t`mKØns‚

^e-ambn D≠mb Xm]\w temI-Ønse G‰hpw Zcn{Z-

{]tZiß-fn¬ henb {]XymLmXßƒ krjvSn -®n´p≠v.

58

B{^n°bn¬ Irjn\miØn\nSbm°nb Db¿∂ Xm]\ne

bv°pw hcƒ®bv°pw ImcWw as‰mcnSØpw At\zjnt°≠

Xn√. hnI-kzc cmPyß-fnte°p≈ Jcamen-\y-ßfpsSbpw hnj-

{Zm-h-I-ß-fp-sSbpw Ib-‰p-aXn hnX-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ \mihpw

Ipds®m∂pa√. Ahn-I-knX cmPy-ß-fn¬ {]h¿Øn°p∂ Nne

Iº-\n-I-ƒ D≠m°p∂ aen-\o-I-cWw Ah¿ Hcn-°epw kz¥w

cmPyØv sNøm-\n-jvS-s∏-Sm-Ø-h-bm-Wv. ""-CØ-c-Øn-¬ {]h¿Øn-

°p∂Xv an°-hmdpw A¥m-cmjv{S Iº-\n-I-fm-sW∂p \ap-°-

dnbmw. hnI-knX cmjv{S-ß-sft∂m H∂mw temIcmjv{S-ß-

sft∂m IcpXs∏Sp∂nSØv Ah¿ Hcn-°epw sNøp-I-bn-√mØ

ImcyßfmWv C-hnsS sNøp-∂Xv. {]h¿Ø\w Ah-km-\n-∏n®v

]n≥hm-ßp-tºmƒ Cu cmPy-ß-fn¬ Ah¿ Ah-ti-jn-∏n-°p-∂Xv

ISpØ am\p-jnI ]mcn-ÿn-XnI _m[y-X-I-fm-Wv. AXm-bXv

sXmgn-en-√m-bva, ]cnXy‡ \K-c-ßƒ, {]IrXnhn`-h-ß-fpsS

timjWw, h\\io-I-cWw, Irjn-bpsSbpw \mS≥ C\-ß-

fpsSbpw timjWw, Xpd∂pInS°p∂ K¿Øßƒ, \nc-Ø-s∏´

ae-\n-c-Iƒ, aen-\-am°s∏´ \Zn-Iƒ. H∏w \ne\nev°mØ

GXm\pw kmaq-ly-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßfpw.''30

52. Zcn-{Z-cm-jv{S-ß-fpsS hntZ-i-I-S-ßƒ, Ahsc \nb-{¥n-

°m-\p≈ am¿Kambn ]et∏mgpw D]tbmKn°mdp≠v. F∂m¬,

]mcn-ÿn-XnI IS-ßsf kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Cßs\ Hcp

\ne-]mSv kzoIcn®pImWp-∂n-√. PohaWvUeØns‚ G‰hpw

{][m-\-s∏´ kt¶-X-ßfp≈ hnI-kzc cmjv{S-ßƒ Xß-fp-sS-

Xs∂ h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-sØbpw `mhn-Im-e-tØbpw \jvS

s∏SpØn-s°m≠v kº∂ cmjv{Sß-fpsS hnI-k-\-Øn\v ]e-

X-c-Øn¬ C‘-\-ambn Xocp-∂p-≠v. sX°p-̀ m-K-Øp≈ Zcn-{Z-cpsS

{]tZ-i-ßƒ hn`hkar≤hpw aen-\o-I-cWw G‰hpw Ipd-™-h-

bp-am-Wv. F∂m¬, ASn-ÿm\mh-iy-ßƒ°p≈ hn`hßfp--

sSt]mepw DS-a-ÿm-h-Imiw Ah¿°p \ntj[n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-

∂p. CXn\p ImcWw LS-\m-]-c-ambn Xe Xncn™ Hcp ]‰w

hmWn-Py-_-‘-ßfpw DS-a-ÿ-X-IfpamWv. hnI-knXcmjv{S-ßƒ

]p\cp]tbmK tbmKya√mØ Du¿PØns‚ D]t`mKw

]camh[n Ipd®psIm≠pw Zcn-{Z-cm-jv{S-ß-fnse kpÿnc hnI-

k\ ]≤-Xn-I-sfbpw \b-ß-sfbpw klm-bn-®p-sIm≠pw Cu

]mcnÿnXnI IS-w hot´-≠-Xm-Wv. G‰hpw Zcn-{Z-amb {]tZ-i-

59


ßfpw cmjv{S-ßfpw ]cnÿnXn BLmXw Ipd-bv°p∂ ]pXnb

am¿Kßƒ kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ sIev]p≈-h-c-√. ImcWw, CXn-\m-

h-iy-amb hn`-h-ßtfm CXp \S∏n-em-°m-\p≈ kmº-ØnI

tijntbm Ah¿°n√. Imem-hÿmhyXn-bm-\sØ kw_-‘n-

®n-S-tØmfw hyXn-cn-‡-amb Npa-X-e-Iƒ \ap°ps≠-∂p \Ωƒ

a\- n-em--°-Ww. Ata-cn-°≥ sFIy-\m-Sp-I-fnse sa{Xm-∑m¿

]d™Xp-t]mse, ""_e-hm-∑m-cpsS Xmev]-cy-ßƒ°v ASn-a-

s∏-´pt]mIp∂ Zcn-{Z-cp-sSbpw Zp¿_-ecp-sSbpw \n -lm-b-cp-

sSbpw Bh-iy-ßƒ°p t\sc''31 henb {i≤ Xncnt°-≠Xm-

Wv. \Ωƒ Hscm‰ a\p-jy-Ip-Spw-_-am-sW∂ t_m[yw i‡n-

s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. ]n∂n-sem-fn-®n-cn-°m≥ klm-bn-°p∂ kmaq-

lycmjv{Sob AXn¿ØnItfm aXn¬s°´pItfm \ap°n√;

BtKmf \nkw-K-Xbv°v CS-hp-an-√.

VI. Zp¿_-e-amb {]Xn-I-c-W-ßƒ

53. Cu kml-N-cy-ßƒaqew \ΩpsS ktlm-Z-cn-bmb ̀ qan,

temI-Ønse ]cn-Xy-‡-tcm-sSm∏w, hyXykvXamsbmcp ]mX

kzoIcn°Wsa∂p \tΩmSp \ne-hn-fn-®t]£n°p-∂p. Ign™

Ccp-∂qdp h¿j-ßƒ°n-S-bn-¬ sNbvX-Xp-t]mse \ΩpsS s]mXp-

`-h-\-sØ \mw C{X-am{Xw apdn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw Zpcp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-

Ibpw sNbvX as‰mcp Ime-ap≠mbn´n√. F∂n´pw \ΩpsS ]nXm-

hmb ssZhw Xm\m-{K-ln® hn[-Øn¬ Cu {KlsØ B°n-

Øo¿°m-\p≈ D]IcW-ß-fmbn \sΩ sXc-s™-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-

∂p. AhnSpsØ kam-[m\ ]≤-Xn°pw kuμ-cy-Øn\pw

kºq¿W-Xbv°pw tbmPn®hn[-Øn¬ Ahn-Sp-∂-Xp -sN-bvXp.

Cu {]Xn-k-‘nsb t\cn-Sm≥ Bh-iy-amb Hcp kwkvImcw

\ap-°n-√ F∂-XmWp {]iv\w. C∂ns‚ Bh-iy-ßƒ \nd-th-

‰m-\mbn ]pXnb ]mXIƒ sXfn-°m\pw, `mhnXe-ap-d-ItfmSp

ap≥hn[n-bn-√msX, F√m-h-scbpw ]cn-K-Wn-°m\pw Ign-hpff Hcp

t\Xr-Xz-Øns‚ A`mhw \ap°p≠v. hy‡-amb AXn¿h-c-ºp-

Iƒ Xo¿°m\pw Bhm-k-hy-h-ÿ-I-fpsS kwc-£Ww Dd∏phcp-

Øm\pw Ign-hp≈ Hcp \oXn-\ymbhyh-ÿsb ÿm]n-°pI

F∂Xv A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. As√-¶n¬ kmt¶XnI kmº-ØnI

kn≤m¥-ß-fn-¬ ÿm]n-°-s∏´ ]pXnb A[n-Imc tI{μ-ßƒ

60

\ΩpsS cmjv{So-b-tØbpw kzmX-{¥y-tØbpw \oXn-\ym-b-

tØbpwt]mepw ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-tb-°mw.

54. BtKmf cmjv{Sob {]Xn-I-c-W-ßƒ F{X Zp¿_-e-am-

sW∂Xp {it≤-b-am-Wv. ]cn-ÿn-Xnsb°pdn-®p≈ BtKmf D®-

tIm-Sn-I-fpsS ]cm-Pbw hy‡am-°p-∂Xv \ΩpsS cmjv{So-bw,

k-º-Øn\pw kmt¶-XnI hnZy-Iƒ°pw \Ωƒ ASn-b-dhp h®p-

t]mbn F∂m-Wv. \n£n]vX XmXv]-cy-ßƒ \nc-h-[n-bmWv.

kmº-ØnIXmXv]-cy-ßƒ s]mXp-\-∑bpsS t]cn¬, kz¥w

XmXv]-cy-ßsf _m[n-°mØ Xc-Øn¬, hn-hc-ßsf Zpcp-]-tbm-

Kn-°p-∂p. A-∏m-sc-®n-X tcJ (Aparecida document) Cßs\

DZvt_m-[n-∏n-°p∂p. ""-Pohs‚ Dd-hn-S-ßsf hnth-N-\-_p-≤n-bn-

√msX XI¿Øp-I-f-bp∂ kmº-ØnI tNcn-I-fpsS XmXv]-cy-

ßƒ {]IrXn hn -̀h-ß-fpsSta¬ B[n-]Xyw ]pe¿Øm≥ A\p-

h-Zn-°-cp-Xv.''32 kº-Zvhy-h-ÿbpw kmt¶XnIhnZybpw XΩnep≈

Zpjn® kJyw AXns‚ {]Xy-£-Xm-Xv]-cy-ßƒ°p \nc-°mØ

F√m-‰n-s\bpw ]m¿iz-h-XvI-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Ah-km-\n-°p-∂p.

XXv̂ -e-ambn \ap-°-tß-b‰w {]Xo£n°m-hp-∂Xv D]-cn-π-h-amb

hmNI Ik¿ØpIfpw a\p-jy-kvt\-l-Øns‚ Aßpanßpap≈

Nne {]hrØnIfpw ]cn-ÿnXnkvt\l-Øns‚ bm{¥nIamb

{]I-S-\-ßfpw am{X-am-Wv. AtXkabw, am‰w sIm≠p-h-cm-\p≈

kaq-l-Øn-\p-≈nse GsX-¶nepw {]ÿm\ß-fp-sS Bflm¿∞-

amb ]cn-{i-a-ßƒ Hcp iey-ambpw Hgn-hm-°-s∏-tS≠ Imev]\nI

hymtamlambpw Nn{Xo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

55. Nne cmjv{S-ßƒ Agn-a-Xn-tbmSp s]mcp-Xm≥ ^e-h-

Ømb am¿§-ßƒ Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ A¿∞]q¿W-amb

]ptcm-KXn {ItaW ssIh-cn--°p-∂p≠v. CØcw cmPy-ß-fn¬

Bfp-Iƒ°p h¿≤n®- tXm-Xn-ep≈ ]mcn-ÿn-XnI Ah-t_m-[-

ap≠v. F∂m¬ Xß-fpsS D]-t`m-K-Øns‚ hn\m-i-I-c-amb

ssien-Isf am‰p-∂-Xn¬ Ah¿ hnP-bn-®n-´n-√. Ah Ipd-bp-∂-

Xn-\p-]-Icw h¿≤n-®p-h-cp-∂-Xmbn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. -F-b¿I≠oj-

\n-ßns‚ D]-tbm-K-Ønepw tijn-bnepw h∂ h¿≤-\-hmWv

efn-X-am-sbmcp DZm-l-c-Ww. hym]m-c-Øn¬\n∂v DS-\Sn em`w

sImøp∂ hn]-Wn-Iƒ h¿≤n® Unam‚ v krjvSn-s®-Sp-°p-∂p.

]pd-sa-\n∂p \ΩpsS temIsØ \nco-£n-°p∂ Hcmƒ Bfl-

61


hn-\m-i-I-c-ambn Xocp∂ \ΩpsS Cu s]cp-am‰ssi-en-bn¬

hnkva-bn-®p-t]m-Im-\n-S-bp≠v.

56. AtX-k-abw kmº-Øn-I-i-‡n-Iƒ Ct∏m-gsØ

BtKmf kwhn-[m-\sØ \ymboI-cn-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn°pw. Cu

kwhn-[m-\-Øn¬ [\-t\-´hpw Dul-°-®-h-Shpw BWp {]Y-a-

ÿm-\-Øp -\n-ev°p-∂Xv. {]Ir-Xn-bnepw a\p-jym-¥- nepw Ch

sNep-Øp∂ kzm[o-\-ß-fpsS ]›m-Øew IW-°n-se-Sp-°-s∏-

Sp-t∂-bn-√. Chn-sS-bmWp ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bpsS A[:]X-\hpw a\p-

jys‚ [m¿ΩnI aqey-Nyp-Xnbpw XΩn¬ F{X AKm-[-ambn

_‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂psh∂p \Ωƒ ImWp-∂-Xv. {i≤mhyXn

Ne\w \ΩpsS \oXnt_m[sØ XpS¿®-bmbn aμn∏n°p∂Xp

sIm≠v, bYm¿∞Øn¬ \mw hkn°p∂ Cu temIw F{X

]cn-an-Xhpw ss\a-jn-IhpamsW∂p ImWm≥-IgnbmØXn\m¬,

Xßƒ sNøp∂Xp sX‰msW∂v Ah¿°p tXm∂pt∂bn√.

XXv̂ eambn, ""]cn-ÿn-Xnbpw AXp-t]mse Zp¿_-e-ambsX¥pw

tZhXzw Iev∏n°s∏ńcn°p∂ hn]-Wn-bpsS XmXv]-cy-ßƒ°p

apºn¬ \n -lm-b-am-Ip∂p. hn]-Wn-bpsS XmXv]cyw am{X-amWv

Chn-sS \nb-aw.''33

57. Nne- hn-`-h-ßƒ C√m-Xm-bn-°-gn-™m¬ ]pXnb bp≤-

ßƒ°v Ifsam-cp-ßp-sa∂p \ap°p ap≥Iqń ImWm≥ Ignbpw.

am\y-sa∂p tXm∂n-∏n-°p∂ Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-ß-fpsS adhnem--bn-

cn°pw bp≤w F∂p- am-{Xw. bp≤w F√m-bvt∏mgpw ]cn-ÿn-

Xn°pw P\-ßfpsS kmkv°m-cnIkº-Øn\pw Kuc-h-amb

t{Zmlw hcp-Øn-h-bv°p-∂p. ssPhm-bp-[-ßfpw AWzm-bp-[-ßfpw

D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂n-SØp {]Xn-k‘n AXn-cq-£-am-bn-cn-°pw.

""A¥m-cm-jv{S-\n-b-a-{]-Imcw cmkm-bp-[-ßtfm ssPhm-bp-[-

ßtfm _mIvSo-cnbtbm D]tbmKn-®p≈ bp≤w \ntcm-[n-°-s∏-

ń-cn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶nepw Kth-j-W-im-e-bn¬ {]Ir-Xn-bpsS ka-

Xp-e\w sX‰n-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xcw Bbp-[-ßƒ hnI-kn-∏n-s®-

Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ \o°-ßƒ Ct∏mgpw \S-°p-∂p-sh-∂-XmWp

bmYm¿∞yw.''34 ]pXnb kwL¿j-ßƒ DS-se-Sp-°m-\p≈ km[y-

X-Isf ap≥°q-́ n-Im-Wm\pw AhbpsS Imc-W-ßƒ°p ]cn-lmcw

Is≠-Øm\pw cmjv{Sobw IqSp-X¬ {i≤ sNep-tØ-≠n-bn-cn-

°p-∂p. F∂m¬ Cu bXv\-Øn\v G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ XS w

62

\nev°p-∂Xv AXn-i-‡-amb kmº-ØnI Xmev]-cy-ß-fmWv.

cmjv{Sob]≤-Xn-Iƒ°p hnim-e-amb ImgvN-∏mSp \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂-

Xmbn ImWp-∂p. Imcyßƒ Cß-s\-bm-bn-cns° kμ¿t`mNnX

amb Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°m-\p≈ Ign-hn-√m-bva-bpsS t]cn¬am{Xw

Hm¿Ωn-°-s∏-Sm≥th≠n F¥n\v Hcmƒ A[n-Im-c-Øn¬ ISn®p

Xqß-Ww?

58. ]cn-ÿnXn kwc-£-W-Øns‚ \√ DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ

Nne cmPy-ßfn¬ ImWm-dp-≠v. Zim-_vZ-ß-fmbn aen-\-s∏-́ ncp∂

\Zn-I-ƒ ipNn-bm-°-s∏-Sp-∂p, kzm`m-hnI h\-ßƒ ]p\x-ÿm-]n-

°-s∏-Sp-∂p, ]cn-ÿnXn ]p\-cp-÷o-h\ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS ̂ e-

ambn `q{]-IrXn at\m-l-c-am-°s∏Sp-∂p, at\m-l-c-amb sI´n-S-

ßƒ \n¿Ωn°s∏Sp-∂p, amen\yhnap‡ Du¿t÷m-Xv]m-Z-\-

Øn¬ _lp-Zqcw ap∂n-´p-I-gn-™p. IqSmsX, AhnSßfn¬

s]mXpKXm-KX kwhn-[m\w i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-́ p-ap-≠v. Cu t\ -́

ßƒ BtKmf {]iv\-ßƒ°p ]cn-lm--c-a√. F∂n-cp-∂mepw

X°ka-bØv th≠-Xp-t]mse CSs]Sm≥ a\p-jy\p Ign-bp-

sa∂v Ch hy‡-am-°p∂p. \ΩpsS F√m ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ°p-≈nepw

DZm -c -X -bp -sSbpw sFIy-Øn -s‚bpw IcpXens‚bpw

{]Imi\ßƒ cq]w sIm≈p∂p. Fs¥-∂m¬, \mw kvt\l-

Øn-\mbn krjvSn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.

59. AtX kabwXs∂ I]-Shpw D]-cn-πh-hp-amb ]cn-

ÿnXn imkv{Xw Db¿∂p-h-cp-∂Xp \ap°p ImWm≥ Ign-bpw.

CXp kzbw kwXr-]vXn-bnepw Aew`mh-Ønepw A[njvTnX-

amb Hcp at\m-̀ m-h-am-Wv. [oc-amb Xocp-am\w Bh-iy-ap≈ henb

{]Xnk‘nIfpsS Ah-k-c-ß-fn-¬ km[m-cW kw`-hn-°m-dp-≈-

Xp-t]mse Imcy-ßƒ hy‡-a-√ Fs∂mcp \ymb-Øn\p \Ωƒ

hiwhZ-cm-Ip-∂p. aen-\o-I-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw Po¿Æ-X-bpsSbpw Nne

AS-bm-f-ßƒ ImWm-\p-s≠-∂-√msX Imcy-ßƒ A{X-ta¬ Kuc-

h-X-c-a-s√∂pw Cu {Klw C\nbpw hfsc°mew \ne-\nev°p-

sa∂pw CØ-c-°m¿ \ymb-hmZw \S-Øp-∂p. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈

Hgn™pamd¬ \ΩpsS Ct∏m-gsØ Pohn-X-ssi-enbpw DXv]m-

Z\ D]-t`m-K-co-Xn-Ifpw \n¿_m[w XpS-cp-∂-Xn-\p≈ \ymbambn

IW-°m-°p-∂p. aen\oIcWØns‚ ASbmfßƒ ImWm≥ a\-

kp-h-bv°msX, Ahsb AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ Xøm-dm-hmsX, \n¿Wm-

63


bI Xocp-am-\-ßƒ sshIn-∏n-°p-Ibpw H∂pw kw`-hn-°p-I-bn-

s√∂p \Sn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXpsIm≠v a\p-jy≥ kzb-hn-\m-i-Øn-

\p≈ Xn∑-Isf cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-p.

VII. hyXy-kvXm-̀ n-{]m-b-ßƒ

60. Ct∏m-gsØ kml-N-cy-sØ-°p-dn®pw km[y-amb ]cn-

lm-c-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw hnhn[ kao-]-\-ß-fpw Nn¥m-[m-c-ßfpw Dcp-

Øn-cn-™n-´p-s≠∂p kΩXn°msX hø. Hc-‰Øv, ]ptcm-K-Xn-

bpsS sI´pIYsb ISpw]nSpØtØmsS Db¿Øn-°m-Wn-®psIm-

-≠v, ]pXnb kmt¶-XnIhnZy-bpsS {]tbm-K-Øm¬Xs∂,

[m¿ΩnI ]cn-K-W-\-bp-sStbm Bg-Øn-ep≈ am‰-Øns‚tbm

klmban-√msX, ]cn-ÿnXn {]iv\-ßƒ kzm`m-hn-I-ambn ]cn-

lcn-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂p {]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂ Hcp Iq´¿. adp-h-iØv, a\p-

jy-s\bpw Ahs‚ F√m {]h¿Ø-\-ß-sfbpw BtKmf Bhm-

k-hyh-ÿbv°ptaep≈ `oj-Wn-bmbn hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-h¿.

XXv^-e-ambn Cu {Kl-Øn¬ a\pjykm∂n-[yw Ign-bp-∂{X

Ipd®p sIm≠p-h-c-W-sa∂pw F√m-Øcw I≠p-]n-Sp-Ø-ß-sfbpw

\ntcm[n-°-W-sa∂pw Ah¿ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu c≠p hncp≤

64

{[ph-ßƒ°nSbn-emWp `mhn-bnse km[y-X-Iƒ cq]-s∏-tS-≠-

Xv; ImcWw, GXp ]cnlmcØn\pw Hcp hgnb√t√m D≈Xv-.

AXn-\m¬, kwhmZØneqsS ka-{K-amb ]cn-lmcØnseØm≥

klmbn°p∂ hnhn[ \n¿t±-i-ßƒ km[y-am-Wv.

61 . aq¿Øamb Nne {]iv\ -ßfn¬ IrXy -amb

Xo¿∏pIev∏n°m≥ k`bv°mhn√. hnZ -K v[¿°nSbnse

kXyk‘-amb kwhmZw, hyXykvX ho£-W-ßƒ am\n®p

sIm≠pXs∂, t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°-s∏-tS-≠-XmW∂v Ahƒ

°dnbmw. F∂m¬, \ΩpsS Cu s]mXp-`-h\w Kuc-h-amb

Po¿Wmhÿbn-te°p Iq∏pIpØpIbmsW∂p ImWm≥ Xpd-∂

a\t msSbp≈ t\m´w aXn. GXn\pw Hcp ]cnlmcam¿K

aps≠∂pw \ΩpsS Ime-Sn-Isf Zni-Xn-cn®phnSm\mIp--sa∂pw

{]iv\]-cn-lm-c-Øn-\mbn Ft∏mgpw Fs¥-¶n-ep-sams° sNøm≥

km[n°psa∂pw {]Xymi \ap°p a\ nem°nØcp∂p. {ZpX-

K-Xn-bp-ep≈ am‰hpw A[x-]-X-\-hpw \nanØw Imcy-ßƒ

XI¿®bpsS h°nseØnbncn°p∂p. h≥tXm-Xn -ep≈

{]IrXnZpc-¥-ß-fnepw kmaqlnI kmº-ØnI {]Xn-k-‘n-I-

fnepw Cu ASbmfßƒ Z¿in°m\mhpw. ImcWw, temI-Øns‚

{]iv\-ßƒ H‰-Xn-cn®p hni-Zo-I-cn-°mt\m hni-I-e\w sNømt\m

km[y-a-√. Nne {]tZißƒ henb A]IS-k-‘n-bnemWv.

F√m ap∂-dn -bn-∏p-Ifpw X≈n°f™mepw, a\p-jys‚

{]hrØnbpsS e£y-ß-sf°p-dn®p \mw Nn¥n-°m-Xm-bn-cn-°p-

∂Xn\m¬, Ct∏m-gsØ temI-kw-hn-[m\w kpÿn-c-a-s√∂p

hnhn[ ho£Wßfn¬\n∂p hy‡amWv. ""\ΩpsS {Kl-

Øns‚ hnhn-[-`m-K-ß-ƒ ]cn-tim-[\mhnt[bam°nbm¬

a\pjyhwiw ssZh-Øns‚ {]Xo-£-Isf \ncm-i-s∏-Sp-Øn-bncn-

°p-∂-Xmbn \nXcmw shfns∏-Spw.''35

65

krjvSn-bpsS kphn-tijw

A≤ymbw 2


62. k∑-\-kp≈ F√m-h-scbpw A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøp-

∂ Cu tcJ-bn¬ hnizm-knIfpsS -t_m-[y-ß-sf-°p-dn®p≈ Cu

A≤ymbw F¥n-\mWv? {kjvSmhv F∂ Bi-bsØ X≈n-°-

f-bp∂hcpw A{]-k-‡-sa∂p hmZn-°p-∂-hcpw cmjv{So-b-cw-

KØpw XXz-Nn-¥-I-cp-sS-bn-S-bnepw Gsd-bp-s≠∂v F\n-°-dn-bmw.

a\p-jy-hw-i-Øns‚ kºq¿W-hn-I-k-\-Øn\pw ka{K-]-cn-ÿn-

Xn°pw aX-ßƒ \¬Ip∂ Aaqeyamb kw`m-h-\-Isf Ch¿

bp‡nlo\sa∂p hnti-jn-∏n®p \ncm-I-cn-°p-∂p-ap-≠v. Nne¿

aX-ßsf KXy-¥-c-an-√msX D]kwkv°m-c-ambn Icp-Xp-∂p-.

kXym-t\z-j-W-Øn-\p≈ Ah-bpsS kao-]-\-co-Xn-Iƒ F{X-

Xs∂ hyXy-kvX-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂mepw aX-Øn\pw imkv{X-Øn\pw

XΩn¬ Bg-ta-dnb kw-hmZw km[y-am-Wv. AXv Ccp-Iq-´¿°pw

^e-{]-Z-am-Wp Xm-\pw.

I. hnizmkw \¬Ip∂ shfn®w

63. ]cn-ÿnXn{]iv\-ß-fnse k¶o¿Æ-X-Ifpw Ah-bpsS

hnhn[ Imc-W-ßfpw \mw I≠p-I-gn-™p. Ct∏mƒ Hcp Imcyw

hy‡-am -Wv . bmYm¿∞y-ßsf Hcp coXnbn¬am{Xw

hymJym\n°pIbpw -cq-]m¥c-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xn¬\n∂p

]cn-lm-c-am¿§-ß-fp-≠m-hn-√ F∂p \Ωƒ a\ nemt°≠Xp≠v.

hnhn[ P\-]-Z-ß-fpsS-bn-S-bn¬ \ne-\nev°p∂ kº-∂-amb

kwkv°m-cnI sshhn-[y-ß-sfbpw Ah-cpsS Iem-˛IhnXmcq-]-

ß-sfbpw Ah-cpsS B¥cnI PohnXsØbpw B[ym-fln-IX-

sbbpw kam-Z-cnt® aXn-bm-hq. \mw hcp-Øn-h® hn\-Isf ]cn-

l-cn-°p-∂-Xn\p tijn-bp≈ Hcp ]cn-ÿnXnimkv{X-amWv

\Ωƒ Bflm¿∞ambn cq]-s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-{K-ln-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬

imkv{X-Øns‚ bmsXmcp im-J-tbbpw hn⁄m\Øns‚

bmsXmcp cq]sØbpw ˛ aX-hpw AXns‚ khntij `mjbpw

Dƒs∏sS ̨ hn´pIfbm\mhn√. ItØm-en°mk` hnhn[ Nn¥m-

[m-c-I-tfmSp kwh-Zn-°m≥ Xpd-hn-bp-≈-Xm-I-bm¬ hnizm-k-

66

sØbpw bp‡n-sbbpw Hcp-an-∏n-°p∂ \nc-h[n ImgvN-∏m-Sp-

Iƒ°p cq]w sImSp-°m≥ Ahƒ°p Ign-™n-´p-≠v. kmaqly

{]iv\ßsf°pdn®p CØcØn¬ k` kwhZn®Xns‚

ka\zbamWp AhfpsS kmaq-ln-I-{]-t_m-[-\Øns‚ hnImkw

{]Xn\n[m\w sNøp∂Xv. ]pXnb sh√phnfnIƒ Gs‰SpØp

sIm≠v Cu {]t_m[\sØ kº∂amt°≠Xp≠v.

64. Cu Nm{In-I-te-J\w tamN-\-Øn-\p≈ hgn-Iƒ Hcp-an-

®p-tX-Sm≥ kIecpsamØp≈ kwhmZsØ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-

∂p≠v. F∂n-cn-°nepw BZnapXte Rm\m{Kln°p∂Xv,

ss{IkvX-h¿°pw a‰p hnizm-kn-Iƒ°pw {]Ir-Xn-tbmSpw Xß-

fpsS Zp¿_ecmb IqS-∏n-d -∏p-I-tfmSpap≈ IcpXtemsS

Pohn°p∂Xn\v th≠{X {]tNm-Z\w \¬Im≥ hnizm-k-t_m-

[y-ßƒ°p F{]Imcw Ign-bp-sa∂p Nq≠n°m´m\mWv. a\p-jy-

\mWv F∂-Xns‚ t]cn¬am{Xw Nnebmfp -Iƒ Xß-ƒ

`mKambncn°p∂ ]cn-ÿn-Xnsb kwc-£n-°p-tºmƒ, ""{InkvXym-

\n-I-ƒ krjvSn-I-ƒ°nS-bnse Xß-fpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xzhpw {]Ir-

Xn-tbmSpw AXns‚ \mY-t\m-Sp-ap≈ Xß-fpsS IS-abpw Xß-

fpsS hnizm-k-Øns‚ Ahn-̀ m-Py-L-S-I-am-bn- ImWp-∂p.''36 hnizm-

kn-I-fmb \Ωƒ \ΩpsS t_m[y-Øn¬ \n∂p-cp-hm-Ip∂

{]Xn_≤XtbmsS ]cn -ÿn-Xn -kw_-‘-amb Imcy-ßƒ

ssIImcyw sNøp-∂Xp a\p-jy-hw-i-Øn\pw temIw apgp-h-\p-X-

s∂bpw D]Imc{]ZamWv.

II. ss__nƒhnhcWßfnse ⁄m\w

65. krjvSn-bpsS ssZh-imkv{Xw apgph\pw Bh¿Øn

°msX Xs∂, a\p-jy\p {]]-©-hp-am-bp≈ _‘sØ kw_-

‘n®v ss__nƒhnh-c-W-ßƒ F¥p ]d-bp-∂p-sh∂p \ap°p

]cn-tim-[n-°mw. Dev∏-Øn-∏p-kvX-I-Øn¬ \¬In-bn-cn-°p∂

krjvSn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ H∂mw hnh-c-W-Øn¬ ImWp-∂-Xp-t]mse,

a\p -jys\ krjvSn -°pI F∂Xv ssZhnI]≤XnbpsS

Ahn`mPyLSIamWv. ]pcp-j-s\bpw kv{Xosbbpw krjvSn®

tijw ""Xm≥ krjvSn-®-h-sb√mw hfsc \∂m-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂p

ssZhw I≠p'' (Dev] 1, 31). Hmtcm ]pcp-j\pw kv{Xobpw kvt\l-

Øm¬ krjvSn-°-s∏-́ p-sh∂pw ssZh-Øns‚ Omb-bnepw kmZr-

iy-Ønepw krjvSn-°-s∏-´p-sh∂pw ss__nƒ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p

67


(Dev] 1, 26). CXv Hmtcm hy‡n-bp-sSbpw henb alXzsØ

kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p; ""a\p-jy≥ Hcp hkvXp-h-√, Hcp hy‡n-bm-Wv.

Ah-≥ Bfl-⁄m-\Øn\pw Bfl\njvTbv°pw kzbw

\evIns°m≠v A]ct\mSv Iq´mbvabnte°p {]thin°p∂

Xn\pw {]m]vXn-bp-≈-h-\p-am-Wv.''37 hn. tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠m-a≥

{]kvXm-hn®p: {kjvSm-hn\v Hmtcm a\p-jyt\mSp-a-p≈ khn-

tijkvt\lw ""Ah-\n¬/Ah-fn¬ A\¥amb alXzw

sNmcnbp-∂p.''38 a\p-jys‚ alXzw kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n

PohnXw Dgn-™p-h-®n-cn-°p-∂-h¿°v Cu {]Xn_≤Xbv°p≈

\ymbw {InkvXob hnizm-k-Øn¬ Is≠-Øm\mhpw. Hmtcm a\p-

jy-hy-‡nbpw {]Xo£bv°p hIbn√mØXpw Ipg™p

adn™Xpamb Hchÿbn¬ Aßp-anßpw Ae-bp∂h\√ F∂

Dd-∏pXs∂ F{X tNtXm-l-c -am -Wv; a\pjy≥ shdpw

bmZr›nIXbm¬ `cn°s∏Sp∂ temI-Øntem Ime-N-{I-Øn-

s‚tbm P∑-N-{I-Øn-s‚tbm Bh¿Ø-\-ß-fntem hoWp-g-ep-

∂-h-\p-a-√. ""AΩ-bpsS DZ-c-Øn¬ Rm≥ \ns∂ Dcp-hm-°p-∂-

Xn-\p-aptº \ns∂ Rm\-dn™p'' (Psd 1,5). ssZh-Øns‚ lrZ-

b-Øn-emWv \mw Dcp-hm-°-s∏-´Xv F∂-Xn-\m¬ ""\mtam-tcm-cp-

Øcpw ssZh-Øns‚ Hcp Nn¥-bpsS ^e-am-Wv. \Ωƒ

B{Kln°s∏´hcmWv; \mtam-tcm-cp-Øcpw kvt\ln-°-s∏-´-h-

cm-Wv. \mtam-tcm-cp-Øcpw A\nhmcycp-am-Wv.''39

66. Dev∏-Øn-∏p-kvX-I-Ønse krjvSn-h-nh-c-W-ßƒ {]Xo-

I-ßƒ \nd™ IYm-`m-j-bn¬ a\p-jym-kvXnXz-sØ°pdn®pw

AXns‚ Ncn-{X]cXsb°pdn®pw Bg-ta-dnb {]t_m-[-\-ßƒ

Dƒs°m≈p∂p. th¿]n-cn-°m-\m-hmØhn[w Cg-tN¿sØ-SpØ

aq∂v ASn-ÿm-\-_-‘-ß-fnemWv a\p-jy-Po-hnXw ASn-Ø-d-bn-

´n-cn-°p-∂-sX∂v Ah ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p: ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ _‘w,

ktlm-Z-c-cp-am-bp≈ _‘w, `qan-tbm-Spap-≈ _‘w. hnip≤

{KŸ{]Imcw, Cu aq∂p a¿a{][m\amb -_-‘-ßfpw \ap-°p-

≈nepw ]pd-tabpw XI¿∂p-t]m-bn-cn-°p∂p Cu XI¿®-bmWp

]m]w. a\pjy≥, krjvSn- F∂ \nebnep≈ ]cnanXnIƒ

AwKoIcn°m≥ XømdmImsX hcnIbpw ssZh-Øns‚ ÿm\w

ssIb-S-°m≥ {ian-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂-tXmsS, {kjvSm-hv, a\p-jy-

hwiw, a‰p krjvSn-Iƒ F∂nh XΩn-ep≈ Cu kzc-tN¿®bv°p

`wKw h∂p. XXv^-e-ambn `qan-ta¬ ""A[n-]-cm-bn-cn-°m\pw''

68

(Dev] 1,28) AXp ""Irjn-sNbvXp kwc-£n-°m\pw'' (Dev] 2,15)

\ap°p \evI-s∏´ Iev∏-\ hnI-e-am-°s∏´p. BZn-ap-Xte a\p-

jy\pw {]Ir-Xnbpw XΩn¬ \ne-\n∂ kzc-pa-bpsS _‘w

kwL¿j-Øn\p hgn-amdn (Dev] 3,17-˛19). hn. {^m≥knkv

A o n k¿Δ-Po-h-Pm-e-ß-tfmSpw sFIyØn¬ Pohn®Xv Cu

XI¿®-bp-sS kuJys∏SpØembn ImWp∂Xv F{X kmc-h-

ØmWv! hn. s_m\-sh-©dns‚ A`n{]mbØn¬: k¿ΔkrjvSn-

I-tfm-Sp-ap≈ km¿h{XnI cRvPn-∏n-eqsS hn. {^m≥knkv a\p-

jys‚ BZn-a-ss\¿Ω-ey-Øn-te°v Xncn-sI-sb-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp-

∂p.40 bp≤w, A{I-aw, Zpcp-]-tbm-Kw, G‰hpw Zp¿_ecmbhsc

Ah-K-Wn-°¬, {]Ir-Xn-bp-sS-ta-ep≈ AXn{Iaw F∂n-h-bn¬

shfns∏Sp∂ ]m]Øns‚- k¿h`oIcXbnepw hn-\m-i-i-‡n

bnepw\n∂p Xptemw hyXy-kvX-amb Hc-h-ÿ-bm-W-Xv.

67. \Ωƒ ssZh-a-√. Cu `qan \ap-°p-aptº Chn-sS-bp-

≠m-bn-cp∂p; \ap-°Xp \evI-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. Cu hkvXpX `qansb

""Iog-S-°pI'' (Dev] 1,28) F∂ {]tbmKwhgn A\n-b-{¥n-X-amb

{]Ir-Xn-Nq-j-W-Øn\p blq-Z-˛-ss{I-kvX-h-Nn-¥-Iƒ a\p-jys\

t{]m’mln∏n°p∂p F∂ Btcm-]-W-tØmSp {]Xn-I-cn-°m≥

\sΩ {]m]vXcm°p∂p. Xncpk` a\ nem°nbn´p≈

hymJym\Øn\p ISIhncp≤amWp apIfn¬I≠ Btcm]W

hnjbw. Nne-t∏m-sgms° \Ωƒ, {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ, hn. {KŸsØ

sX‰mbn hymJym-\n-®n-´p-≠m-Imsa¶nepw, {]kvXp-X-`mKw a\p-

jy≥ ssZhOmbbn¬ krjvSn°s∏´Xn\m¬ ka-kr-jvSn-I-fp-

sS-ta¬ ]pe¿Øp∂ k¿Δm-[n-]Xyw \ymboIcn°m\mbn D]-

tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xns\ i‡-ambn FXn¿-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. {]kvXpX

ss__nƒ `mKw- AXns‚ kμ¿`Øn¬Øs∂ A\p-tbm-Py-

amb hymJym -\ -ssi-en -IfpsS klmbØm¬ hmbn°

s∏Sptºmƒ a\pjyt\mSv temIamIp∂ ]qt¥m´sØ ""DgpXp

kq£n°pI'' (till and keep: Dev] 2,15) F∂p am{XamWv

Bhiys∏Sp∂sX∂ hkvXpX hy‡amIpw. Cu ̀ qansb ""DgpXp

kq£n°pI'' F∂ {]-tbm-K-Øn¬ ""DgpIpI'' (till) F∂Xp Irjn-

sN-øp-∂-Xn-s\bpw the-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-s\-bp-amWv A¿∞am°p

∂Xv. AtXkabw, ""kq£n-°pI'' (keep) F∂Xp IcpX¬,

kwc-£-Ww, ]cn]me\w, ta¬t\m´w F∂nh `qan-bp-sS-ta¬

D≠m-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂v A¿∞-am-°p-∂p. {]Ir-Xnbpw a\p-jy\pw

69


XΩn¬ ]c-kv]-c -D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Xz-Øns‚ _‘-am-Wp-≈-sX∂p

Npcp-°w. GXp P\-]-Z-Øn\pw ̀ qan-bm-Ip∂ Cu alm-Zm-\-Øn¬

\n∂p \ne-\n¬∏n-\m-h-iy-ap-≈h FSp°mw; F∂m¬, Cu ̀ qansb

kwc-£n-°m\pw hcpw-X-e-ap-d-Iƒ°mbn AXns‚ ̂ e-]p-jvSnsb

Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm-\p-ap≈ IS-a-bp-ap-≠v. ""`qan I¿Øm-hn-t‚-Xm-Wv''

(k¶o 24:1); ̀ qanbpw AXn-ep-≈-hbpw I¿Øm-hn-t‚-Xm-Wv (\nb

10,14). a\p-jy\p ̀ qan-ta¬ A]cnanXamb DS-a-ÿm-h-Im-i-an-s√∂p

ssZhw hy‡-am-°p-∂p. ""`qan Ft∂bv-°p-ambn hn¬°m≥

]mSn√; Fs¥-∂m¬, `qan Ft‚-Xm-Wv. \nßƒ ]c-tZ-in-Ifpw

IpSn-In-S-∏p-Im-cp-amWv'' (tehy 25,23).

68. ssZh-Øns‚ `qan-tbmSp a\p-jy\p≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-

XzØns‚ A¿∞w, _p≤nbpw Nn¥m-i-‡n-bp-ap-≈-h-s\∂ \ne-

bn¬ Ah≥ {]Ir-Xn-\n-b-a-ßsf BZ-cn-°m\pw Poh-Pm-e-

ßƒ°nS-bn-ep≈ temeamb ka-Xp-en-Xm-h-ÿsb am\n-°m\pw

IS-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p F∂XmWv. Fs¥-∂m¬, ""Ahn-Sp∂p Iev∏n-

®p, Ah krjvSn-°-s∏-́ p. Ahsb Ahn-Sp∂v Ft∂°pw kpÿn-

c-am-°n. Ahbv°v AXn¿Øn \n›-bn®v Aew-L-\o-b-amb \nb-

ahpw \¬In'' (k¶o 148,5˛6). hn. {KŸ-Ønse \nb-a-ßƒ a\p-

jy¿°p XΩn¬X-Ωnep≈Xp am{Xa√, Ah¿°p a‰p

PohPmeßtfmSpap≈ _‘sØ°pdn®p khnkvXcw

{]Xn]mZn°p∂p. ""\ns‚ ktlm-Z-cs‚ Igp-Xtbm Imftbm hgn-

bn¬ hoWp InS-°p-∂-Xp-I-≠m¬ \o amdn-t∏m-Ip-Itbm klmbw

\nc-kn-°tbm sNø-cp-Xv... Ip™p-ß-fp-sStbm ap´-I-fp-sStbm-

ta¬ X≈-∏£n AS-bn-cn-°p∂ Hcp ]£n-°qSv hgn-b-cn-In-ep≈

GsX-¶nepw hr£-Øntem \netØm \o ImWm-\n-S-bm-bm¬,

Ip™p-ß-tfm-Sp-IqsS X≈sb FSp-°-cp-Xv'' (\nb 22,4˛6). CtX

coXn-bn¬, Ggmw Znh-ksØ hn{iaw a\p-jysc am{Xw

Dt±in®p≈X√; adn®v, ""\ns‚ Imfbpw Igp-Xbpw hn{i-an-°s´''

(]pd 23,12). a‰p-Po-h-Pm-e-ßfpsS-ta¬ ASn-t®¬∏n-°s∏Sp∂ a\p-

jy-taevt°m-bvabv°v ss__n-fn¬ CS-an-s√∂p hy‡-am-Wv.

69. {]Ir-Xn-hn-`-h-ßƒ Npa-X-em-t_m-[-tØmsS D]-tbm-

Kn-°p∂tXm-sSm∏wXs∂ k¿Δ-Po-h-Pm-e-ßƒ°pw ssZh-Zr-jvSn-

bn¬ aqey-ap-s≠∂p AwKo-I-cn-°-Ibpw sNøm≥ \Ωƒ

hnfn°s∏´ncn°p∂p. ""Ah-bpsS km∂n-≤y-Øm¬Øs∂ Ah

ssZhsØ hmgvØp-Ibpw al-Xz-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.''41

Xo¿®-bmbpw ""I¿Ømhv Xs‚ krjvSn-I-fn¬ B\μw sIm≈p-

70

∂p'' (k¶o 104,31). krjvSn-Pm-e-sØbpw {]Ir-Xn-\n-b-a-ß-sfbpw

BZ-cn-°m≥ a\p-jy≥ Xs‚ ]Z-hn-bmepw hnti-j-_p-≤n-bmepw

hnfn-°-s∏-́ n-cn-°p-∂p. Imc-Ww, ""I¿Ømhv Xs‚ ⁄m\-Øm¬

`qansb ÿm]n®p'' (kp`m 3,19). a‰p krjvSn-Iƒ a\p-jy\p

kºq¿Æ-ambn Iogvs∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-sht∂m Ahbv°v Ah-

bn¬Øs∂ aqey-an-s√t∂m Ahsb btYjvSw ssIImcyw

sNøm-sat∂m k` {]t_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂n-√. P¿a≥ sa{Xm≥am¿

Hcn-°¬ C{]-Imcw hy‡-am°n: a‰p krjvSn-Isf°pdn®p

Nn¥n°ptºmƒ, ""{]tbmP\sØ°mƒ ap≥KW\ AhbpsS

D◊bv°mWv''42. {Iaw sX‰nb a\p-jy-tI-{μ-hm-ZsØ ItØm-

en-°m-k-`-bpsS aX-t_m-[-\-{KŸw \nin-X-ambn hna¿in-°p-∂p-

≠v. ""Hmtcm krjvSn°pw AXn-t‚-Xmb \∑bpw ]q¿Æ-X-bp-ap-

≠v.... Hmtcm krjvSnbpw ssZh-Øm¬ B{K-ln-°-s∏-´-sX∂

\ne-bn¬ Ahn-SpsØ A\¥ \∑s-bbpw ⁄m\-sØbpw

AXnt‚Xmb coXnbn¬ -{]-Xn-^-en∏n°p∂p-. AXn-\m¬Øs∂

Hmtcm krjvSn-bp-sSbpw khn-tij\∑-tbbpw aqey-tØbpw a\p-

jy≥ BZ-cn-°Ww; {Ia-c-ln-X-amb D]-t`m-KsØ Hgn-hm-°p-Ibpw

thWw.''43

70. Imtb-s‚bpw Bt_-en-s‚bpw kw`-h-Øn¬ Akq-b-

bpsS ]nSn -bn -e-I-s∏´ Imtb≥ Xs‚ ktlm-Z -c -t\mSp

Atßb‰w A\oXn sNøp-∂Xp \Ωƒ ImWp-∂p. CtX-Øp-

S¿∂p Imtb\pw ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ _‘hpw Imtb\pw `qan-bp-

am-bp≈ _‘hpw XI-cp-Ibpw Ah≥ tZi-Øp-\n∂p \njvIm-

kn-X-\m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ssZhhpw Imtb-\p-am-bp≈ kw`m-j-

W-Øn-¬ CXp hy‡-am-Wv. Ahn-Sp∂p tNmZn-°p∂p: ""\ns‚

ktlm-Z-c≥ Bt_¬ FhnsS?'' ""F\n-°-dn-™p-IqSm'' F∂mWv

Imtbs‚ adp-]-Sn. ssZhw XpScp∂p: ""\o F¥m-Wv sNbvXXv?

\ns‚ ktlm-Z-cs‚ c‡w `qan-bn¬ \n∂v Fs‚ t\¿°v \ne-

hn-fn-°p-∂p. `qan-bn¬ \o i]n-°-s∏-´-h-\m-bn-cn-°p∂p'' (Dev]

4,9˛11). Fs‚ kq£-Øn-t\ev∏n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ Abev°mc\p

ambn icnbmb _‘w ]pe¿Øp∂Xnepw hf¿Øp∂Xnepap≈

ISabn¬ ImWn°p∂ AhKW\ Ft∂mSpXs∂bpw

A]ct\mSpw ssZhtØmSpw {]]©tØmSpap≈ Fs‚

_‘sØ \in∏n°p∂p. Cu _‘-ßƒ Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-I-

bm-sW-¶n¬, tZiØp \oXn hkn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬, Poh≥

71


Xs∂bpw A]ISØnemsW∂p ss__nƒ \sΩ A\pkvacn

∏n-°p-∂p. t\ml-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ hnh-c-W-Øn¬ \Ωƒ CXp

ImWp-∂p. \oXnbpw kam-[m-\hpw ]pe¿Øp-∂-Xn¬ \nc-¥cw

]cmPbs∏Sps∂¶n¬ a\p-jys\ ̀ qap-J-Øp-\n∂p XpS-®p-\o-°p-

sa∂p ssZhw ap∂-dn-bn∏p \¬Ip-∂p≠v. ""Poh-Pm-e-ß-sf-sb√mw

\in-∏n-°m≥ Rm≥ \n›-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Ah¿aqew temIw

A[¿Ωw sIm≠p \nd-™n-cn-°p-∂p'' (Dev] 6,13). {]XoI

kº∂amb Cu ]pcm-X-\- hnh-c-W-ßƒ, k¿Δw ]c-kv]-c-_-

‘n-X-am-bn-cn-°p∂psh∂pw Pohn-X-tØmSp≈ IcpX¬, {]Ir-

Xn-bp-am-bp≈ _‘w F∂nh \oXn, kmtlm-Z-cyw, a‰p≈h

tcmSp≈ hniz-kvXX F∂nhbpambn At`-Zy-ambn _‘-s∏-´n-

cn-°p-∂p F∂pap≈ t_m[yØn\p km£yw hln°p∂p.

71. ""`qan-bn¬ a\p-jys‚ ZpjvSX h¿≤n-®n-cn-°p∂p'' (Dev]

6,5) F∂pw ""`qap-JØp a\p-jys\ krjvSn-®-Xn¬ I¿Ømhv

]cn-X-]n®p'' (Dev] 6,6) F∂pw Fgp-X-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-¶nepw,

\oXn-am\pw \njvI-f-¶-\p-amb t\ml F∂-bm-fn-eqsS ssZhw

c£-bv°p≈ -hgn Xpd-°p-∂p. a\p-jy-hw-i-Øn\p ]pXn-sbmcp

XpS-°-Øn\p ssZhw Ah-kcw \¬In. {]Xymi ]p\xÿm]n

°m≥ Hcp \√ a\p-jy≥ aXn! {kjvSmhv {]Ir-Xn-bn¬ Ipdn®

Xmf-ßƒ hos≠-Sp-°p-∂-Xnepw Ahsb am\n-°p-∂Xn-ep-amWv

Cu \ho-I-cWw AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂s-X∂p ss__nƒ ]mc-ºcyw

hy‡-am-°p-∂p. DZmlcWØ\v, km_-Øp\nbaw. Ggmw

Znhkw ssZhw F√m tPmen-Ifn¬\n∂pw hnc-an-®p. Hmtcm

GgmwZn\hpw hn{i-a-Øn-\mbn, km_Ømbn, am‰n-sh-bv°m≥

Ahn-Sp∂v C{km-tb-en-t\mSp Iev]n-®p (Dev] 2,2˛-3; ]pd 16,23;

20,10). AXp-t]mse Ggmw h¿jw C{km-tb-en\p km_-Øp-

h¿j-am-bn-cn-°-Ww. tZiw apgp-h-\p-ap≈ hn{i-a-h¿jw (tehy

25,1˛4). B h¿jw hnX-bv°m≥ ]mSn-s√∂p am{X-a-√, kz¥w

ho´p-Im-sc- t]m-‰m-\p-≈-Xp-am-{Xta sImbvsX-Sp-°mhp F∂p-

ap≠mbn-cp∂p (tehy 25,4˛6). AXn-ep-]cn Ggp km_-Øp-h¿j-

ßƒ°p -tijap≈ Pq_n-en-h¿jw s]mXp Cfhns‚Xmbn BN-

cn-®n-cp-∂p. ""AXp tZiw apgp-h\pw, F√m tZi-hm-kn-Iƒ°pw

kzmX-{¥y-Øns‚ h¿j-am-bn-cn-°Ww'' (tehy 25,10). Cu \nb-

aw \nehn¬h∂Xv XΩn¬ØΩn-ep≈ _‘-ß-fnepw, the-

sb-Sp-°p-Ibpw Pohn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ `qan-bp-am-bp≈ _‘-

72

Ønepw h∂ ]mfn-®-Iƒ ]cn-l-cn-°m-\p≈ {ia-Øns‚ `mK-am-

bn-´m-Wv. AtXm-sSm∏wXs∂ `qanbpw AXns‚ ê-]p-jvSnbpw

F√m-h¿°p-ap≈ Zm\-am-sW∂ AwKoIcn°em-bn-cp-∂p. `qan

Irjn-sN-bvXp -ImØp ]men-®p-t]m-∂-h¿ AXns‚ ê-ßƒ

a‰p-≈-h-cp-ambn, {]tXy-In®p Xß-fpsS at[y-bp≈ Zcn-{Z¿, hn[-

h-Iƒ, A\m-Y¿, ]c-tZ-in-Iƒ F∂n-h-cp-ambn ]¶p-sh-bv°m≥

IS-s∏-ń-cp-∂p. ""\nßƒ [m\yw sImøp-tºmƒ hb-ens‚

AXn¿Øn Xo¿Øp sImbvsX-Sp-°-cp-Xv. sImbvØn-\p-tijw

Imem-s]-dp-°--pIbp-a-cp-Xv. ap¥n-cn-tØm-´-Ønse ê-ßfpw

Xo¿Øp ]dn-°-cp-Xv. hoWp-In-S-°p∂ ]gw s]dp-°n-sb-Sp-°p-I-

bp-a-cp-Xv. ]mh-ßƒ°pw ]c-tZ-in-Iƒ°p-ambn AXp \o°n-h-

bv°p-I'' (tehy 19,9˛-10).

72. {kjvSm-hmb ssZhsØ kvXpXn-°p-hm≥ k¶o¿Ø-\-

ßƒ \sΩ XpS¿®bmbn DZvt_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂p. ""Ahn-Sp∂p kap-

{Z-Øn-\p-ta¬ `qansb hncn-®p. Fs¥-∂m¬ Ahn-SpsØ

ImcpWyw A\-¥-amWv'' (k¶o 136,6). Cu kvXpXn-∏n¬ ]¶p-

tN-cm≥ k¿Δ-kr-jvSn-I-sfbpw Ah £Wn-°p-∂p. ""kqcy-N-{μ-

∑m-tc, Ahn-SpsØ kvXpXn-°p-hn≥. D∂-X-hm-\n-Sta, I¿Øm-

hns\ kvXpXn-°p-hn≥. BIm-i-Øn-\p-ta-ep≈ Pe-k-©-bw

I¿Øm-hns‚ \masØ kvXpXn-°-s´. Fs¥-∂m¬, Ahn-Sp∂p

Iev]n-®p. Ah krjvSn-°-s∏-´p'' (k¶o 148,3˛5). \Ωƒ ssZh-i-

‡n-bm¬ krjvSn-°-s∏-´-psh-∂XpsIm≠p am{Xa√, Ahn-Sp-

tØm-sSmØp Pohn-°p-Ibpw Ahn-SpsØ ]°¬ hkn-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂Xp-sIm-≠pamWp \Ωƒ Ahn-SpsØ Bcm-[n-°p-∂-Xv.

73. ]co-£-W-Im-e-ß-fn¬ {]]-©-{kjvSmhpw k¿h-i-‡-

\p-amb ssZhsØ [ym\n®p ]pXpi‡n- kw`cn-°p-hm≥ {]hm-

N-I-{K-Ÿ-ßƒ \sΩ £Wn-°p-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ A\-¥-amb

i‡n, Ahn-SpsØ ss]Xr-I-amb B¿{Z-Xsb ad-®p-I-f-bp-∂-X-√.

Fs¥-∂m¬ Ahn-Sp-∂n¬ i‡nbpw kvt\lhpw tbmPn®ncn°p-

∂p. ssZhØns‚ A\-¥-i-‡naqew Ah\n -ep≈

hnizmkØm¬, Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb Bflo-bX ssZh-kvt\-l-

sØbpw Bcm-[-\-sbbpw kzmKXw sNøp-∂p. ss__n-fn¬

{]]-©-{k-jvSm-hmb ssZhw Xs∂-bmWp tamN-I\pw c£-I-

\p-ambn hcp-∂-Xv. ssZh-Øns‚ Cu c≠p {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw

73


(krjvSn, c£) th¿s]-Sp-Øm-\m-hmØhn[w A{X-ta¬ H∂m-

bn -e-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ""ssZh-amb I¿Øm-th, AßmWp i‡-

amb Icw-\oń BIm-ihpw ̀ qanbpw krjvSn-®-Xv. H∂pw Atß°v

Akm-≤y-a-√.... Aß-bpsS P\-amb C{km-tb-ens\ AS-bm-f-

ß-fmepw A¤p-X-ß-fmepw Aßv CuPn]vXn¬\n∂p sIm≠p-

h∂p'' (sPd 32,17,21). ""I¿Ømhv \nXy-\mb ssZhhpw ̀ qan apgp-

h-s‚bpw {kjvSm-hp-am-Wv. Ahn-Sp∂v £oWn-°p-Itbm Xf-cp-

Itbm C√. Ahn-SpsØ a\ v A{Km-ly-am-Wv. Xf¿∂-h\v

AhnSp∂p _ew \¬Ip-∂p. Zp¿_-e\p i‡n ]I-cp-Ibpw

sNøp∂p'' (Gi 40,28-˛29).

74. _m_n-tem¨ {]hm-k-sØ-Øp-S¿∂v DS-se-SpØ

Bflob {]Xnk‘n ssZh-Øn-ep≈ Bg-ta-dnb hnizm-k-Øn-

te°p \bn-®p. Xß-fpsS XI¿∂ Ah-ÿ-bn¬ P\-Øn\p

{]Xymi ]I-cp-hm≥ k¿Δ-i-‡-\mb ssZh-Øns‚ krjvSn

ssh`-hsØ Ah¿ {]Y-a-ÿm-\Øp {]Xn-jvTn-®p. \q‰m-≠p-

Iƒ°n-∏pdw ]oU-\-Øns‚bpw t¢i-ß-fp-sSbpw as‰mcp bpK-

Øn¬, AXm-bXv tdmam-km-{amPyw k¿Δm-[n-]Xyw ASn-t®ev]n-

°m≥ {ian-®-t∏mƒ, hnizm-kn-Iƒ Bizm-khpw {]Xym-ibpw

Is≠-ØnbXpw k¿Δ-i-‡-\mb ssZh-Øn-em-Wv. ""k¿Δ-i-‡-

\mb I¿Ømth, Aß-bpsS {]hr-ØnIƒ hnkva-bm-h-l-am-

Wv''(shfn 15,3). C√m-bva-bn¬\n∂v Cu {]]-©sØ krjvSn®

ssZh-Øn\v Cu temI-Øn¬ CS-s]-Sm\pw F√m-Øcw Xn∑-I-

sfbpw adn-I-S-°m\pw Ignbpw. A\oXn A]-cm-Pn-X-a-√.

75. k¿Δ-i-‡\pw {kjvSm-hp-amb ssZhsØ ad-°p∂

Hcmflo-bX kzoImcya-√. Aßs\bm-Wp ̀ ua-i-‡n-Isf Bcm-

[n-°p-∂-Xnepw, ssZh-Øns‚ krjvSnsb Nhn-ń-b-cbv-°m-\p≈

kºq¿Æm-h-Im-i-ap-s≠∂p [cn-°p-∂-Xnepw ssZhØns‚

ÿm\w \Ωƒ XńsbSp°p∂Xnepw sN∂-h-km-\n-°p-∂-Xv.

a\pjy≥ \nevt°-≠n-SØp \nev°-W-sa-¶n¬, ̀ qan-bpsStaep≈

k¿Δm-[n-]-Xy-hm-ZsØ Dt]-£n-°-W-sa-¶n¬, {kjvSmhpw DS-

b-h-\p-amb ]nXm-hn-s\-°p-dn®p ho≠pw \Ωƒ kwkm-cn-t°-

≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. As√-¶n¬ a\pjy≥ Xs‚ Xs∂ CjvSßfpw

N -́ßfpw bmYm¿∞y-Øn-\p-ta¬ ASn-t®ev∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw.

74

III. {]]-©-sa∂ c-lkyw

76. blqZ˛ss{IkvXh ]mc-º-cy-Øn¬ “krjvSn” F∂

]Z-Øn\p “{]IrXn” F∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ hnim-e-amb A¿∞-ap≠.v-

Hmtcm∂n\pw AXn-t‚Xmb A¿∞hpw aqey-hp-ap≈ ssZh-

Øns‚ kvt\l]≤Xnbpambn _‘-s∏-́ -XmWp “krjvSn”. a\p-

jy\p _p≤n-sIm≠p a\-kn-em-°m-hp-∂Xpw ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°m-

hp-∂Xpw \nb-{¥n-°m-hp-∂-Xp-amb Hcp kwhn-[m-\-amWp

“{]IrXn” F¶n¬, F√m‰ns‚bpw ]nXmhmbhs‚ Ic-ß-

fn¬\n∂p InńbXpw, kvt\l-Øm¬ {]Im-in-X-amb Hcp

bmYm¿∞y-sa∂ \nebn¬ \msa-√m-h-scbpw BtKmf sFIy-

Øn-te°pw Iq´mbvabn-te°pw £Wn-°p-∂-Xp-am-b Zm\amWp

“krjvSn”.77. ""I¿Øm-hns‚ hN-\-Øm¬ BImiw krjvSn-°-s∏-

´p'' (k¶o 33,6). temIw kp\n-›n-X-amb Hcp (ssZhnI) Xocp-

am-\-Øn¬\n∂v DS-se-Sp-Ø-Xm-sW∂pw bmZr—nIXbpsS ê-

a-s√∂pw ChnsS hy‡-am-Ip-∂p. CXp-X-s∂-bmWp {]]-©-

Øns‚ al-Xz-Øn\p \nZm\w. krjvSn-°p∂ hN\w F∂

{]tbmKw kzX-{¥-amb Xocp-am-\sØ {]Imin-∏n-°p-∂p. ssZh-

Øns‚ k¿hm-[n-Im-csØ kqNn-∏n-°mt\m i‡n sXfn-bn-

°mt\m kzbw Db¿Øn-°m-´mt\m D≈ Hcp {ia-Øns‚ ê-

amb-√ {]]©w Bhn¿`hn®Xv. adn®v, kvt\l-Øns‚

{IaØnep≈XmWp krjvSn. k¿hkrjvS-h-kvXp-°-fn-sebpw

ASn-ÿm\ NmeIi‡n ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\l-am-Wv. ""F√m-‰n-

s\bpw Aßp kvt\ln-°p-∂p. Aßp krjvSn® H∂n-s\bpw

Aßp tZzjn-°p-∂n-√. tZzjn-s®-¶n¬ krjvSn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n√''

(⁄m\w 11,24). Htcm krjvSn-bpw ]nXm-hns‚ B¿{Z-Xbv°p

hnj-b-am-Wv. Ahn-Sp∂v Ah-bvs°√mw temI-Øn¬ A\p-tbm-

Py-amb CSw \¬Ip-∂p. {]]-©-Ønse G‰hpw \nkm-c-amb

H∂ns‚ £Wn-I-Po-hnXwt]mepw Ahn-SpsØ kvt\l-Øn\p

hnj-b-am-Wv. AXns‚ ss\an-jnI Pnhn-X-Øn-\n-S-bnepw ssZhw

AXns\ Xs‚ kvt\lw sIm≠p s]mXnbp-∂p. alm-\mb hn.

t_kn¬, {kjvSm-hn-s\ “Af-h‰ \∑”44 F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-®p.

Umt‚ Aen-Kndn “kqcy-s\bpw \£-{X-ß-sfbpw Nen-∏n-°p∂

kvt\lw”45 F∂p {kjvSm-hns\ hnfn-®p. CXn≥{]-Imcw, a\p-

jy\p krjvSn-°-s∏-´-h-bn¬\n∂p ""ssZh-Øns‚ al-Xz-Øn-

75


te°pw Ahn-SpsØ kvt\lm¿{Z-amb Icp-W-bn-te°pw Db-

cm≥ Ign-bpw.''46

78. AtX-k-abw, blq-Z-˛-ss{I-kvX-h-Nn¥ {]Ir-Xn-k-¶-

ev]sØ Znhy]cnthjØn¬\n∂p hnap‡am°n. {]Ir-Xn-bpsS

{]m`-h-sØbpw hen-∏-sØbpw BZcn°ps∂¶nepw AXns\

ssZh-Xp-ey-ambn IW-°m-°nbn-√. Cu ImgvN-∏mSv {]Ir-Xn-tbm-

Sp≈ \ΩpsS DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw Ipd-bv°p-I-b-√, Iq´p-IbmWp sNøp-

∂-Xv. CXp a\p-jys‚ kzmX-{¥yhpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xzhpw FSp-

Øp-I-f-bp-I-b-√; adn®v, {]]-©-Øns‚ ̀ mK-sa-∂-\n-e-bn¬ Xß-

fpsS Ign-hp-Isf h¿≤n-∏n-°m\pw Aßs\ {]]-©-Øns‚

i‡nsb hnI-kn-∏n-°m\pw a\p-jy-\p≈ ISa Dd-∏n-°p-I-bm-

Wv. {]IrXnbpsS aqeyhpw AXns‚ Zu¿_eyhpw AtXm-sSm∏w

ssZhw \ap°p \evIn-bn-´p≈ Ign-hp-Ifpw AwKo-I-cn-°p-I-bm-

sW-¶n¬ A\n-b-{¥n-X-amb `uXn-I-]p-tcm-K-Xn-sb∂ ]pXnb

anØns\ \ap°v Ft∂-°p-ambn Dt]-£n-°m-\m-hpw. ssZhw

a\p-jy-kq-£-Øn-t\ev]n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv DS-™p-t]m-Im-hp∂ Hcp

temI-am-sW∂ Xncn-®-dnhv \ΩpsS A[n-Im-c-i-‡n-Isf t_m[-

]q¿Δw \nb-{¥n-°m\pw HXp-°n-\ndpØm\pw th≠-Xp-t]mse

hnI-kn-∏n-°m\pap≈ sh√p-hnfn Db¿Øp-∂p.

79. k¿Δhpw ssZhØns‚ k¿hmXnibXzØn-te-°p Xpd-

∂n-cn -°p-∂-Xpw, ]ckv]c kº¿°Ønencn°p∂Xpamb

kwhn[m\ßfm¬ cq]w{]m]n® Cu {]]©Øn¬ A\h[n

_‘ßfpw ]¶mfnØßfpw ZriyamWv. {]]©Øn¬

Npcpfgnbp∂-Xns‚ A¿∞hpw cl-kym-flIkuμ-cyhpw hni-

Zo-I-cn-°m≥ hnizmkw \sΩ klm-bn-°p∂p. Hcp-h-iØv \√

Imcyßsfbpw adphiØv ]pXnb tcmK-ßfpw kl-\-ßfpw

]cm-P-b-ßfpw IS-∂p-h-cp-tºmƒ Ahsbbpw _p≤n-]q¿Δw hne-

bn-cp-Øm-\p≈ kzmX{¥yw \ap-°p-≠v. a\pjyNcn-{X-Øn¬ \mS-

Io-b-Xbpw hnImchnt£m`hpw ap‰n \nev°p∂ kμ¿`-ßƒ

krjvSn-°p-∂Xv Cu Ign-hm-Wv. H∂p-In¬ kzmX{¥yw, hf¿®,

c£, kvt\lw F∂nh ]qhn-Sp∂ kμ¿`-ßƒ As√-¶n¬

Po¿W-X-bp-sSbpw ]c-kv]-c-hn-\m-i-Øn-s‚bpw cwK-ßƒ. k`-

bpsS {]hrØn {]IrXn kwc-£-W-Øns‚ IS-a-Isf Hm¿Ω-

76

s∏-Sp-ØpI am{X-a-√, ""a\p-jy-hw-isØ kzbw \in-°p-∂-

Xn¬\n∂p kwc£n°pIbpw thWw.''47

80. \tΩm-sSm∏w {]h¿Øn-°p∂ ssZhw, \ΩpsS kl-

I-c-WsØ apJ-hn-e-bvs°-Sp-°p∂ ssZhw, \Ωƒ sNbvXp-t]mb

Xn∑--bn¬\n∂pw \∑ -]p-d-s∏-Sp-hn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-h-\m-Wv.

""ssZhnI-a-\-kn-\-\p-tbm-Pyamb A\-¥-amb krjvSn-]-cX ]cn-

ip-≤m-cq-]n°ps≠∂p ]d-bmw. a\p-jys‚ sNbvXn-Iƒ sIm≠p-

≠m-Ip∂ Ipcp-°p-Iƒ ˛ Ah F{X k¶o¿Æ-am-bn-cp-∂mepw

kq£va-am-bn-cp-∂mepw ˛ Agn-°m≥ Ahn-SptØbv°dn-bmw.''48

]q¿WXbnse-Ønb Hcp temI-sØ-b√ ssZhw krjvSn-®-Xv;

hnI-k\w Bh-iy-ap≈ H∂ns\bm-Wv. C∂p \Ωƒ Xn∑-

sbt∂m A]m-b-sat∂m kl-\-sat∂m t]cp -hn-fn-°p∂

]eXpw bYm¿∞-Øn¬ ssZhw kzbw ]cnanXns∏SpØn

s°m≠p Xs‚ krjvSnI¿ΩØn¬ a\p-jys‚ kl-I-cWw

tXSp∂Xns‚ `mKamWv;49 P∑w \evIp∂Xnse thZ\bpsS

`mKamWv. Hcp krjvSn-bp-sSbpw kzmX-{¥ysØ l\n-°msX

Hmtcm krjvSn-bnepw t\cn´p k∂n-ln-X-\mIp∂ ssZhw, `uan-

I-Im-cy-ßfnep≈ \ymbamb kzbw\nb-{¥WmhImiØn\v50

ASnÿm\anSp∂p. Ahn-SpsØ km∂n[yw Hmtcm krjvSn-bp-

sSbpw \ne-\nev]pw hf¿®bpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øn-s°m≠p ""krjvSn-

bpsS {]hrØn XpS-cp-I-bm-Wv.''51 ssZhm-cq]n {]]-©sØ km[y-

X-IƒsIm≠p \nd-®n-cn-°p-∂Xn-\m¬, {]]©hkvXp°fpsS

D≈n¬\n∂p \ho\XIƒ P∑saSp°m\p≈ km[yXIfp≠v.

""{]IrXn ssZh-Øns‚ Hcp Iem-kr-jvSn-b-√msX as‰m-∂p-a-√.

Hmtcm-∂nepw AhnSpsØ Iem-hn-cp-Xns‚ ap{Z- ]-Xn-™n-cn-°p-

∂p. Hmtcm∂pw \nb-X-amb e£y-Øn-te°p \oßn-s°m-≠n-cn-

°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. kzbw Nen®v Hcp I∏-em-bn-Øo-cm-\p≈

ssh`hw XSn-°p-≈n¬ I∏¬∏Wn-°m-c≥ k∂n-th-in-∏n-®m-se-

∂-t]msebmWn-Xv.''52

81. ]cn -Wma{]{In -b AwKoIcn®m¬t∏mepw, a‰p

hyhÿIfnse ]cnWma amXrIIfn¬ Xr]vXn-I-c-ambn hni-

Zo-I-cn-°m-\m-hmØ Hcp X\na a\p-jy-\p-≠v. Xt∂mSpXs∂bpw

a‰p a\p-jy-tcmSpw ssZh-tØmSpw kw`mjWØnte¿s∏Sm≥

Hmtcm a\p-jy-\p-w X\-Xmb hy‡nXzhpw Ignhpap≠v. `uXn-I-

77


im-kv{X-Øn-s‚bpw Poh-im-kv{X-Øn-s‚bpw hni-Zo-I-c-W-ßƒ°-

∏p-d-amWp a\p-jy-\p≈ Nn¥m-i-‡n, hmZ-K-Xn-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-

°m-\p≈ Ign-hv, \qX-\-I-≠p-]n-Sn-Ø-ßƒ°p≈ {]Xn`, kw`-

hßsf hni-I-e\w sNøm-\p≈ tijn, Iem-ssh-̀ -hw, C\nbpw

Is≠-Øm-\p≈ \nc-h[n Ign-hp-Iƒ XpS-ßn-b-h. Ch a\p-jys‚

X\n-asb IqSp-X¬ hy‡-am-°p-∂p. ]Zm¿∞-]-c-amb {]]-©-

Øn¬ hy‡n-Xz-ap-≈ Hcp Pohn F∂-Xnse ]pXpa am{Xw-aXn

Cu {]]-©-Øn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ CS-s]-S¬ hy‡-am-°m≥.

""Rm≥'' F∂pw ""\o'' F∂p-ap≈ hyXn-cn-‡X ]pe¿Øn XΩn¬

_‘-ßƒ cq]o-I-cn-°m-\p≈ khn-ti-j-Po-hn-X-hn-fn-bm-Wv

ssZhw a\p-jy\p \¬In-bn´p-≈-Xv. ss__nfnse krjvSn-bpsS

hnh-c-W-ßƒ \tΩm-Sm-h-iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv, a\p-jys\ Hcp hy‡n-

bmbn ImWm-\mWv; a\p-jys\ Hcn-°epw hkvXp-hmbn Xcw-

Xm-gvØm-\m-hn-√.

82. CXn-\¿∞w, as‰√m Pohn-Ifpw a\p-jys‚ tkz—m-[n-

]-XyØn\v ASn-s∏-´p-In-S-t°≠ hkvXp-°-fm-sW-∂-√. {]Ir-

Xnsb em`-t\-´-ßƒ°p≈ D]m-[n-bmbn am{Xw I≠m¬ kaq-

l-Øn¬ Kuc-h-amb {]Xym-Lm-X-ß-fp-≠m-Ipw. ""ssIøq-°p-≈-

h≥ Imcy-°m-c≥'' (might is right) F∂ ImgvN-∏mSv hen-sbmcp

hn`mKw P\-ß-sfbpw h≥tXm-Xn-ep≈ Ak-a-Xz-ßƒ°pw A\o-

Xn-Iƒ°pw AXn-{I-a-ßƒ°pw Cc-bm-°n-Øo¿Øn-´p≠v.

ImcWw, ChnsS hn`-h-ßƒ BZyw hcp-∂-h-s‚tbm AXn-_-e-

hm-s‚tbm ssII-fn¬am{Xw sN∂ptNcp∂p; tPXmhp k¿hw

ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. Cu coXn°p t\¿hn-]-co-X-amWv Cutim

hn`mh\w sNøp∂ kam-[m\w, kzcpa, \oXn, kmtlmZcyw

F∂n-h. ""hnPm-Xo-b-cp-sS ̀ c-W-I¿Øm-°ƒ Ah-cpsS ta¬ bP-

am-\Xzw ]pe¿Øp-∂-sh∂pw Ah-cp-sS {]am-Wn-Iƒ Ah-cp-sS-

ta¬ A[n-Imcw {]tbm-Kn-°-p∂p-sh∂pw \nßƒ°-dn-bm-a-t√m.

F∂m¬ \nß-fpsSbnS-bn¬ Aß-s\-bm-I-cp-Xv. \nß-fn¬ hen-

b-h≥ \nß-fpsS Zmk-\m-bn-cn-°Ww'' (aØm 20,25-˛26).

83. Cu {]]-©-Øns‚ Ahkm\ ̀ mK-t[bw D∞n-X-\mb

aninlm ssIh-cn® ssZhn-I-k-ºq¿W-X-bn-em-Wv. Ahn-Sp-∂mWv

F√m-‰n-s‚bpw kºq¿WX-bpsS Af-hp-tIm¬. 53 a\p-jy≥ a‰p-

Po-hn-Pm-e-ß-fp-sS-ta¬ ]pe¿Øp∂ \ncpØchmZ]camb tkz—m-

[n-]Xyw -\nckn°m≥ Hcp \ymbw IqSn-bp-≠v. a‰p krjvSn-I-

78

fpsS A¥n-a-e£yw \Ωn-e-√. Ah \tΩm-sSm∏hpw \Ωn-

eqsSbpw Ah-km-\ -kw-K-a-ÿm-\-amb ssZh-Øn-te°v {]bmWw

sNøp-∂p-sh-t∂-bp≈p. B AXn-ù-XnI kºq¿WX-bn-emWv

D∞n-X-\mb aninlm F√m-‰n-s\bpw Bt«-jn-°p-∂Xpw {]Im-

in-∏n-°p-∂-Xpw. _p≤nbpw kvt\lhpw \evI-s∏´ a\p-jy≥ ˛

anin-lm-bpsS ]q¿W-X-bn-te°v B\bn°s∏´ a\pjy≥ ˛

as‰√m PohnPmeßsfbpw {kjvSmhn¶te°p ssI]n-Sn®p \S-

Øm≥ IS-s∏-´h\mWv.

IV. krjvSn-bpsS GI-kz-c-Xbn¬ Hmtcm krjvSn-bp-sSbpw

ktμiw

84. a\p-jy≥am{Xw ssZh-Øns‚ Omb-bn¬ krjvSn-°-

s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂ hmZ-K-Xn-aqew a‰p krjvSn-I-fpsS Pohn-X-e-

£ysØ ImWmsX t]mI-cp-Xv. {]tbmP\clnXambn H∂p-an-

√. ]Zm¿∞-{]-]-©-am-I-am\w ssZh-Øns‚ A\-¥-amb kvt\l-

sØbpw hm’-ey-sØbpwIpdn-®mWp \tΩmSp kwkm-cn-°p-∂-

Xv. aÆv, sh≈w, ae-Iƒ ̨ F√mw ssZh-Øns‚ emf\ \nd™

Xtem-S-ep-I-fm-Wv. ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ \ΩpsS kulrZ-Øns‚

Ncn{Xw \ap-t°m-tcm-cp-Ø¿°pw hy‡n-]-c-ambn CjvSs∏´ Nne

{]tXy-I- ÿ-e-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. \ap°p ad-°m-\m-

hmØ ]e -{]-tZ-i-ß-fp-ap-≠v. Ah-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ Hm¿Ω-Xs∂

\ap-t°sd \∑ sIm≠p-h-cp-∂p. ae-\n-c-Iƒ°-cn-In¬ P\n-®p-h-

f¿∂ Hcmƒ, As√-¶n¬ \o¿®m-ep -Iƒ°-cp -In -en -cp∂v

AXn¬\n∂pw Zml-a-I-‰n-bn-´p≈ Hcmƒ, AXp-a-s√-¶n¬ ]cn-k-

c -Øp≈ ssaXm-\ -ß-fn¬ Ifn®p\S-∂n -´p≈ Hcmƒ ˛

Ch¿s°ms° B ÿe-ß-fn-te-°p≈ Hcp aS°bm{X, \jvS-

s∏-´p-t]mb B¥-cmwiw hos≠-Sp-°m-\p≈ Ah-k-c-am-Wv.

85. ""{]]-©-Ønse At\-I-iXw krjvSn-I-fm-Ip∂ A£-

c-ß-fp-]-tbm-Kn®p ssZhw Aaq-ey-amb Hcp {KŸw cNn-®n-cn-°p-

∂p.''54 ssZhsØ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬\n∂v Hcp krjvSnbpw

amdn-\n¬°p-∂n-s√∂p Im\-U-bnse sa{Xm-∑m¿ Nq≠n-°m-ń-b-

Xv F{X icn-bmWv! ""at\m-l-c-amb {]Ir-Xn-Zr-iy-ßƒ apX¬

G‰hpw \nkm-c-amb Pohn-h-sc, {]Ir-Xn-bn-ep≈ F√mw \ne-

bv°mØ A¤p-Xm-Z-c-ß-fpsS Dd-hn-S-am-Wv. AXp ssZhnI-sh-

79


fn-]m-Sns‚ XpS¿®-X-s∂-b-s{X.''55 P∏m≥ sa{Xm-∑m-cm-I-s´,

Nnt¥m-±o-]-I-amb Cu \nco-£Ww \SØn: ""AkvXn-Xz-Øns‚

KoX-Øn¬ ]¶p-tN¿∂p ]mSp∂ Hmtcm Pohn-tbbpw kwth-Zn-

®-dn-bpIsb∂m¬ ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\l-Ønepw {]Xym-i-bnepw

B\-μn®p Pohn-°pI'' F∂m-W¿∞w.56 krjvSn-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈

Cu [ym\w Hmtcm-∂n-eq-sSbpw ssZhw \¬Ip∂ ktμiw Is≠-

Øm≥ \sΩ klm-bn-°p-∂p. ""hnizm-kn-bmb Hcph\p

krjvSnsb°pdn®p≈ [ym\w Hcp ktμiw tIƒ°p-∂-Xp-t]m-

se-bm-Wv; sshcp≤ymflIhpw \ni-_vZhp-amb i_vZw tIƒ°p-

∂-Xp-t]m-se.''57 ""hn. {KŸ-ØneSßnbncn°p∂ shfn-]m-Sp-

Iƒs°m∏w kqtcym-Z-b-Ønepw kqcym-kvX-a-b-Ønepw ssZhnI

shfn]mSpIfps≠∂p'' \ap°p ]dbm≥ km[n°pw.58 Cu shfn-

]m-Sp-Isf \nco-£n-®m¬ a‰p krjvSn-I-fp-ambn \mw _‘-s∏´p

\nev°p-∂-psh∂p ImWm≥ \mw ]cn-io-en-°pw. ""temIsØ Ah-

X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS Rm≥ Fs∂-Øs∂ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

temI-Øns‚ ]cn-ip-≤nsb Is≠-Øm≥ {ian-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS

Rm≥ Fs‚ Xs∂ hnip≤n tXSp-∂p.''59

86. {]]©w apgp-h\pw AXnse ]c-kv]-c-_-‘-ß-fn-eqsS

ssZh-Øns‚ A£-b-amb kºØv shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. hn.

tXmakv AIzo-\mkv FgpXn: hyXy-kvX-Xbpw sshhn-[yhpw

""BZn-Im-c-W-am-b-hs‚ Xocp-am-\-Øn¬ \n∂phcp∂p;'' Fs¥-

∂m¬, ""Hcp ssZhn-I-kr-jvSn-bn-ep≈ Ipdhv as‰m-∂n-\m¬ \nI-

Ø-s∏-S-W-sa∂v Ahn-Sp∂v B{K-ln®p.''60 ""Hscm‰ krjvSn-°p -

X\n®p ssZh-Øns‚ kºq¿W \∑sb DNn-Xmw-hn[w {]Xn-^-

en-∏n-°pI km[y-a-√.''61 AXn-\m¬, hnhn[ _‘-ß-fpsS ]›m-

Ø-e-Øn¬thWw \mw sshhn-[ysØ hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠-Xv.

ssZh-]-≤-Xn-bpsS kmI-ey-Øn¬ \Ωƒ Hmtcm krjvSn-sb-°p-

dn®pw [ym\n-°p-∂Xv Ah-bpsS {]m[m\yw IqSp-X¬ a\-kn-em-

°m≥ \sΩ klm-bn-°pw.62 aX-t_m-[-\-{KŸw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p:

""ssZhw krjvSnIfpsS ]ckv]cm{ibXzw B{Kln°p∂p.

kqcy\pw N{μ\pw tIZmchr£hpw sNdpIpkpahpw IgpI\pw

sNdpIpcphnbpw: FÆa‰ ChbpsS sshhn[yØns‚bpw

AkaXzßfpsSbpw Zriyßƒ hy‡am°p∂Xv, Hcp

krjvSnbpw kzbw ]cym]vXas√∂mWv; ]ckv]cm{ibXz

80

an√msX krjvSnIƒ°p \ne\nev∏n√. ]ckv]cap≈

klmbØneqsS Ah ]q¿WXbnseØp∂p.''63

87. AkvXn-Xz-ap≈ F√m-‰nepw ssZhw {]Xn-^-en-°-

s∏Sps∂∂p ImWp-tºmƒ Ah-sb-{]Xn \ΩpsS A¥-cwKw

ssZhsØ al-Xz-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw Ah-tbmSptN¿∂p ssZhsØ

Bcm-[n-°m≥ Xøm-sd-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. hn. {^m≥knkv A o-

n-bpsS KoX-Øn¬ Cu tNtXm-hn-Imcw at\m-l-c-ambn cq]w

sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p:

Fs‚ I¿Øm-th,

\ns‚ k¿Δ-kr-jvSn-I-fm¬

hnin-jym, tkmZ-c≥ kqcy-\m¬

\o kvXpXn-°-s∏-Ss´!

]I-emb Ah-\n-eqsS

Rßƒ°p \o shfn-®-ta-Ip∂p

Ah≥ kpμ-c\pw

D÷ze Im¥n-bm¬ IXn-cp-Iƒ hoip-thm\pw

atlm-∂-X-\mb \ns‚ kmZriyw t]dp-thm-\p-am-Ip-∂p.

tkmZcn N{μ-\mepw Xmc-ß-fmepw


D÷zehpw A\¿Lhpw ca-Wo-b-hp-ambn

kz¿K-Øn¬ \ob-hsb sa\™p.

tkmZ-c≥ Im‰n-\m¬


taLm-hr-Xhpw {]im-¥-hp-amb hmbphneqsSbpw

\ns‚ krjvSn-Isf \o \ne-\n¿Øp∂

Ime-t`-Z-ß-fneqsSbpw \o kvXpXn-°-s∏-Ss´!

D]-tbm-Kybpw hn\o-Xbpw

Aaq-eybpw ]cn-ip-≤-bp-amb

tkmZcn Pe-Øm¬


Cc-hns\ \o {]`m-a-b-am-°p∂

tkmZ-c≥ A·n-bm¬


Ah≥ Ag-Ip-‰-h\pw D√m-k-hm\pw

Icp-Ø\pw i‡-\p-at√m.64

81


88. {_ko-ense sa{Xm-∑m-¿ Nq≠n-°m-´n-b-Xp-t]mse,

{]IrXn apgp-h\pw ssZhsØ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-sh∂p am{X-a-

√, AXv Ahn-SpsØ km∂n-≤y-Øns‚ CS-hp-am-Wv. Pohn-∏n-

°p∂ dqlm Hmtcm Pohn-bnepw k∂n-ln-X-\m-bn-s°m≠v Ahn-

Sp-tØmSp _‘w ]pe¿Øm≥ \sΩ £Wn-°p-∂p.65 Cu km∂n-

[ym-h-t_m[w ""]mcn-ÿnXnI ]pWy-ßƒ''66 ]cn-io-en-°m≥

\sΩ klm-bn-°p-∂p. ssZhhpw Cu `uXn-I-h-kvXp-°fpw

XΩn¬ AXn-_r-l-Ømb A¥-cap-s≠∂pw ssZh-Øn-ep≈

]q¿WX krjvS-h-kvXp-°ƒ°n-s√∂pw ad-°m≥ ]mSn-√. adn-

®p≈ ImgvN∏mSv krjvSn-Iƒ°v D]-Im-c-{]-Z-am-bn-cn-°n-√;

ImcWw, At∏mƒ Ah-bp-sS X\-Xpÿm-\hpw Ah-Im-i-ßfpw

\mw \ntj-[n-°p-Ibmhpw. Cu sNdp-h-kvXp-°-fn¬ \n∂v, Ah-

bvs°m-cn-°epw \¬Im-\m-hmØ h≥Im-cy-ßƒ Bh-iy-s∏-´p-

sIm-t≠-bn-cn°pw \Ωƒ.

V. BtKmf sFIyw

89. krjvS-h-kvXp-°ƒ°v DS-a-bn-√m-Xn-√. Fs¥-∂m¬,

""Poh-\p-≈-hsb kvt\ln-°p∂ I¿Ømth, Ah-sb√mw Aß-

bp-tS-Xm-Ip-∂p'' (⁄m\w 11,26). CXmWv, {]]-©-Øns‚ `mK-

sa∂ \ne-bn¬, Htc Hcp ]nXm-hn-\m-¬ AkvXn-Xz-Øn-te°p

sIm≠p-h-c-s∏´ \msa√mw AZr-iy-amb _‘-ß-fm¬ BtKmf

IpSpw-_-ambn cq]w sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂p ]d-bp-∂Xns‚

ImcWw. \msa-√m-h-scbpw ]cn-ip-≤hpw hm’-ey-]q¿Whpw hn\-

bm-\zn-X-hp-amb BZ-c-hm¬ \nd-bv°p∂ sFIy-t_m-[-am-Wn-Xv.

Rm\m-h¿Øn-°s´: ""ssZhw \sΩ Np‰pap≈ Cu temItØmSv

At`Zyambn tbmPn∏n®ncn°p∂Xn\m¬ aÆv acp-̀ q-an-bmbn amdp-

∂Xv tcmK-_m-[-t]m-sebpw hwi-\miw, s\m¥p-\o-dp∂ AwK-

`wKw t]msebpw \ap-°-\p-`-s∏-Sp-∂p.''67

90. F√m Pohn-I-sfbpw Htc Xe-Øn¬ {]Xn-jvTn-°mt\m

a\p -jys‚ khn-ti-j-aq -eyhpw AXn¬\n∂pfhm-Ip∂

_rlØmb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xzhpw A]lcn°mt\m Dt±iyan√. ̀ qan-

bn¬ the-sb-Sp-°p-∂Xpw AXns\ Zp¿_eXbn¬ kwc£n°p-

∂Xpw Akm[y-am°p∂ hn[Øn¬ `qanbv°p ssZhnIX

Iev∏n°m\pw CXpsIm≠p-t±-in-°p-∂n-√. CØcw Bi-b-ßƒ

\sΩ sh√phnfn°p∂ bmYm¿∞--ß-fn¬\n∂p \sΩ hyXn-N-

en-∏n-°p-Ibpw ]pXnb Ak¥penXmhÿIƒ krjvSn-°p-Ibpw

82

sNøpw.68 Nne-t∏m-sg-¶nepw a\p-jyhy‡nbpsS k¿hm

ZcWobX \ntj-[n-°p∂ Zpx»m-Ty-ßƒ D≠m-Im-dp-≠v. F√m

a\p-jycpw Hcpt]mse ]¶nSp∂ alXzsØ kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn-

t\-°mƒ a‰p Poh-Pm-e-ßsf ]cn]men-°p-∂-Xn¬ AXn

Xo£vWX Im´p-∂-h-cpap-≠v. \n›bambpw, a‰p PohPmeßƒ

\ncpØchmZnXz]cambn ssIImcyw sNøs∏SmXncn°m\mbn

\Ωƒ {i≤nt°≠Xp≠v. -]t£, \sΩ IqSpX¬ [m¿anI

tcmjw sIm≈nt°≠Xv, GXm\pw t]¿ a‰p-≈-h-tc-°mƒ

tIa∑m-cm-bn-®-a-bp-∂Xp aqeap≠mIp∂, hº≥ Ak-a-Xz-

ßfmWv. HcphiØv hf-sc-t∏¿ a\pjyalXzØn\p tNcmØ

ISpØ Zmcn-{Zy-Øn-em≠v, ]pdØpIS°m≥ hgnbn√msX

hoWpInS-°p-tºmƒ, adp-h-i-Øv Xß-fpsS kºØv F¥p-sN-

ø-W-sa-∂-dn-bmsX s]mß-®-Ønepw [q¿Ønepw Pohn-°p∂

At\-I-cp-s≠∂p ImWm≥ \ap°p IgnbWw. [q¿Øn¬

Pohn°p∂hcpsS km¶ev]nI A[oiXzw {]Z¿in∏n°p∂

Xns‚ `mKambn Ah¿ ]mgvhkvXp°ƒ hens®dnbp∂Xp

t]mse F√mhcpw sNøm≥ XpSßnbm¬ \ΩpsS {KlwXs∂

\int®t\. {]tbmKØn¬, a‰p-≈-h-tc-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ Ah-Im-

i-ß-tfm-sS-bmWp ]nd-∂-sX∂ a´n¬ ta∑ `mhn°p∂htcmSp

\Ωƒ Ct∏mgpw klnjvWp-X ]pe¿ØpI-bmWv.

91. \ΩpsS ktlm-Z-c-tcmSv B¿{Z-Xbpw klm-\p-`q-Xnbpw

]cn-K-W-\bpw Cs√-¶n¬ {]Ir-Xn-tbmSp \ap-°p-s≠∂p `mhn-

°p∂ Bg-ta-dnb Iq´mbva hmkvX-h-ambncn°n-√. A]cs\

Hgnhmt°≠h\mbn ImWp∂Xpw Zcn{Zsc AhKWn°p∂Xp

amb a\p-jy-°-S-Øn-t\mSp≈ \nkw-K-Xbpw hwi-\m-i-`o-j-Wn-

t\cnSp∂ Pohn-I-sf IS-Øns°m≠p t]mIp∂Xn-s\-Xnscbp≈

apd-hn-fnbpw Hcp-an-®p-t]m-hp-I-bn-√. Cu at\m`mhw ]cn-ÿn-Xn-

kw-c-£W bXv\-ß-fnep≈ hn´p-hogvN Xs∂bmWv. hn.

{^m≥knkns‚ KoX-Øn¬ a‰p krjvSn-I-sf-{]Xn ssZhsØ

hmgvØp -∂-Xn -t\m -sSm∏w Cß-s\bpw ImWp∂Xp

bmZr›nIa√: ""Aß-bpsS kvt\l-sØ-{]Xn am∏p\evIp∂

hcneqsS Aßp hmgvØ-s∏-S-s´. F√mw ]c-kv]-c-_-≤-am-Wv.''

Cß-s\, ]cn-ÿn-Xn-t{]aw kl-a-\p-jy-tcm-Sp≈ Bflm¿∞-

kvt\-l-tØmSpw kaq-l-Øn-se {]iv\-ßƒ ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn-

\p≈ AN©eamb {]Xn_≤XtbmSpw Ie-c-Ww.

83


92. IqSmsX, BtKmf Iq´mbvatbmSp \ΩpsS A¥cwKw

bYm¿∞-Øn¬ Xpd-hn-bp-≈-Xm-sW-¶n¬, Cu kmtlm-Z-

cyt_m[w Bscbpw H∂n-s\bpw Hgn-hm-°p-I-bn-√. kl-kr-

jvSn-I-tfmSv C∂p \Ωƒ ]pe¿Øp∂ \nkw-K-Xbpw {Iqc-Xbpw

\msf kl-a-\p-jy-tcm-Sp≈ s]cp-am-‰sØbpw _m[n°pw. \ap-

s°mcp lrZ-b-ta-bp-≈p. AXn\m¬, C∂v Hcp arK-tØmSp ImWn-

°p∂ ZpjvSX A[nIw sshImsX a‰p a\p-jy-tcm-Sp-ap≈ _‘-

Ønepw {]I-Sam-Imw. GXp Pohn-tbm-Sp-ap≈ {IqcX ""a\pjyal-

Xz-Øn\p ISIhncp≤amWv.''69 bmYm¿∞y-Øns‚ GsX-¶nepw

Hcp hiw Ah-K-Wn-®m¬ \ap°p ]q¿W-ambn kvt\ln°m

\mhn√. ""kam-[m\w, \oXn, krjvSn-I-fpsS kwc-£Ww ˛ Ch

aq∂pw H∂p as‰m∂n¬\n∂p th¿s]SpØm\mhmØhn[w

]ckv]cw _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. th¿s]SpØnbm¬ efn-X-

hXv°cWØnte°p≈ (reductionism) hogvNbmbncn°pw ̂ ew.''70

F√mw ]ckv]cw _‘s∏ńcn°p∂p. at\mlcamb Hcp

Xo¿∞mS\Øn¬, ssZhØn\v Hmtcm krjvSntbmSpap≈Xpw,

amXmhmb `qantbmSpw ktlmZcoktlmZc∑mcmb kqcy≥,

N{μ≥, ]pgIƒ XpSßnbhtbmSp \ap°p≈Xpamb hm’ey

]q¿hamb kvt\lØn¬ CgtN¿°s∏ńcn°p∂hcmWp

\Ωƒ.

VI. hkvXp-°-fp-sS s]mXp-e£yw

93. hnizm-kn-IfmsW¶nepw As√¶nepw, `qan AXy¥m

t]£nXamb Hcp s]mXpss]XrIamsW∂Xn\pw AXns‚

ê-ßƒ F√m-h¿°pw th≠n-bp-≈-Xm-sW∂Xn\pw c≠p ]£-

an√. hnizm-kn-Isf kw_-‘n®v CXv {kjvSm-hn-t\m-Sp≈ hniz-

kvX-X-bpsS Imcyw IqSn-bm-Wv. ImcWw, ssZhw temIsØ

F√mh¿°p-ambmWp krjvSn-®Xv. AXn-\m¬ ]cn-ÿn-Xn-im-

kv{X-]-c-amb GXv kao-]-\hpw Zcn-{Z-cp-sSbpw lX`mKycpsSbpw

auenImhImißsf IW°nseSp°p∂ kmaq-lnI ImgvN-∏mSv

\n¿_‘ambpw Dƒs°m-≈Ww. kzImcykzØns\ AXns‚

s]mXpe£yØn\p hnt[bam°n, F√mh¿°pw AXp]tbm

Kn°m\p≈ AhImiØn\p hn´psImSp°p∂ XXzw kmaqly

s]cpam‰®´Øns‚ kph¿W\nbahpw ""F√m kmaqly˛

[m¿anI {IaØns‚bpw BZnXXzhpamWv.'' 71 ss{IkvX-h-]m-c-

84

ºcyw kzIm-cy-kz-Ø-h-Im-isØ tIhetam AewL\obtam

Bbn Hcn-°epw IW-°m-°n-bn-ń√; adn®v kzIm-cy-kzØns‚

kmaq-ly-e-£y-sØ-∏‰n F∂pw Du∂n-∏-d-™n-´p-≠v. hn.

tPm¨t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ Cu {]t_m-[-\sØ i‡ambn

Bh¿Øn®v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂p. ""ssZhw Cu `qansb a\p-jy-

hw-i-Øns‚ apgp-h≥, AXnse F√m AwKßfpsSbpw \ne-

\nev∏n-\p-th-≠n-bmWv \evIn-bncn°p∂Xv; Bscbpw Hgn-hm-

°msXbpw BtcmSpw {]tXyI aaXbn√msXbpw \evIn.''72 i‡-

amb hm°p-I-fm-Wn-h. At±lw XpS¿∂p: ""a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ßsf

˛hy‡n-]-ctam kmaq-ln-Itam, kmº-Øn-Itam cmjv{So-b]ctam,

cmjv{S-ßfpsStbm P\-XIfpsStbm BIs´˛am\n-°p-Itbm

hf¿Øp-Itbm sNømØ hnI-k\w a\p-tjymNnXa√.''73

At±lw hy‡am°n: ""k` Xo¿®-bmbpw \ymbamb kzIm-cy-

kz-Ø-h-Im-isØ kwc£n°p∂p. AtX hy‡-X-tbmsSXs∂,

F√m kzIm-cy-kz-Øn-t∑epw, GXp s]mXp-e-£y-Øn-\mbn

ssZhw Ah \ap°p \evInbncn°p∂pthm AXv \nd-th-‰Ø°

hn[w D]tbmKn°p-∂-Xn-\mbn, kaq-l-Øn\v Ah-Imim[n-Imcw

Ds≠∂p k` DZvt_m-[n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.''74 XXv^-e-ambn

""GXm\pw t]¿°v am{Xw A\p-Iq-e-ambn ssZh-Øns‚ Zm\-

ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Ahn-SpsØ ]≤-Xn-bv°p tN¿∂X-

√.''75 Hcp hn`mKw a\p-jy-cpsS A\o-Xn-\n-d™ ssien-Iƒ Kuc-

h-ambn tNmZyw sNø-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wn-hn-sS.76

94. [\n-I¿°pw Zcn-{Z¿°pw Htc aln-bm-Wp-≈-Xv. Fs¥-

∂m¬ ""ssZh-amWv Ah-cpsSsb√mw {kjvSmhv'' (kp`m 22,2).

""sNdnbhscbpw hen-b-h-scbpw Ahn-Sp∂v Xs∂-bmWp krjvSn-

®-Xv'' (⁄m\w 6,7). ""Ahn-Sp∂p ZpjvS-s‚bpw injvS-s‚bpwta¬

kqcys\ DZn-∏n-°p∂p'' (aØm 5,45). ]cm-tKz-bnse sa{Xm-∑m¿

Nq≠n-°m-ń-b-Xp-t]mse, CXn\p {]mtbm-Kn-I- A\¥cêß-

fp-≠v. Ah¿ ]d™p: ""Hmtcm Irjohe\pw X\n-s°mcp hoSp-

h-bv°m\pw Xs‚ IpSpw-_sØ tPmen-sNbvXp t]m‰m\pw kpc-

£n-X-Po-hnXw \bn-°m\pw Bh-iy-am-b{X ̀ qan e`n-°m≥ kzm`m-

hn-Im-h-Im-i-ap-≠v. Cu AhImiw XØzØn¬ am{Xw t]mcm

{]tbmKØn¬ hcps∂∂pw Dd∏phcpØWw. {KmaoW P\-

Xbv°p kzØ-h-Imiw thW-sa∂p am{X-a-√, kmt¶-XnI hnZym-

85


`ymkw, hmbv]-Iƒ, C≥jz-d≥kv, hn]-Wn-ku-Icyw F∂n-hbpw

e`y-am-°-W-sa-∂m-Wv CXns‚ A¿∞w.''77

95. {]Ir-Xnbpw km`mhnI]cn-ÿn-Xnbpw s]mXpapXemWvv.

F√m a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw ss]Xr-I-kzØpw F√m-h-cp-sSbpw

DØchmZnXzhpamWv. \Ωƒ Fs¥-¶nepw kz¥-am-°p--∂Xv

as‰√mh-cpsSbpw \∑bv°pth≠n D]-tbm-Kn-°m-\m-Wv. Aßs\

sNøp-∂n-s√-¶n¬, a‰p-≈-h-cpsS AkvXn-XzsØ \ntj-[n-°p-∂-

Xp-hgn \mw \ΩpsS a\x-km-£nsb `mc-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. AXp

sIm≠mWv, ""temI-P-\-X-bpsS shdpw Ccp-]Xp iX-am\w am{Xw

hcp∂ Bfp-Iƒ tN¿∂p Zcn-{Z-cm-jv{S-ßƒ°pw `mhn-X-e-ap-d-

Iƒ°pw Poh≥ ]nSn®p \n¿Øm-\m-h-iy-am-b-hsb sIm≈-b-Sn-

°p∂ coXnbn¬ D]-t`mKw \S-Øp-tºmƒ \o sIm√-cpXv F∂

{]amWØns‚ A¿∞sa¥msW∂p'' \yqkn-e‚nse sa{Xm-

∑m¿ tNmZn®Xv.78

VII. Cutim-bpsS I-Sm-£w

96. ssZhw ]nXmhmWv (aØm 11,25) F∂ ASnÿm\

kXysØ Du∂n∏d™psIm≠v Cutim hnip≤{KŸØnse

{kjvSmhmb ssZhØnep≈ hnizmksØ Db¿Øn°m´n.

ssZh-Øn\v kIe krjvSn-I-tfm-Sp-ap≈ ss]Xr-I-_‘w AwKo-

In-t®-‰p-]-d-bm≥, injy-∑m-cp-sam-Øp≈ kw`m-j-W-at[y,

Cutim Ahsc £Wn-®p. Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw ssZh-Zr-jvSn-bn¬

hne-s∏-´-h-cm-sW∂v Ahn-Sp∂v Aenhm¿∂ a\t msS Ahsc

Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øn. ""c≠p \mW-b-ßƒ°v A©p-Ip-cp-hn-Iƒ

hn¬°-s∏-Sp-∂nt√? Ah-bn-sem-∂p-t]mepw ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬

hnkva-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂n√'' (eq° 12,6). ""BIm-i-Ønse ]£n-Isf

t\m°p-hn≥, Ah hnX-bv°p-∂n√ sImøp-∂n-√, If-∏p-c-bn¬

tiJ-cn-°p-∂p-an-√, F¶nepw \nß-fpsS kz¿§ob ]nXmhv

Ahsb Xo‰n-t∏m-‰p-∂p'' (aØm 6,26).

97. I¿Ømhv {]Ir-Xn-tbmSp hnkvabhpw hm’-eyhpw

\nd™ {i≤tbmsS \nc-¥cw ASp-Øn-S-]-gIn-bn-cp∂p. AXp-

sIm-≠mWv ̀ qan-bpsS kuμ-cy-Øn-te°v a‰p-≈-h-cpsS {i≤sb

Ahn-Sp -∂m-I¿jn-®-Xv. ]ekvXo\bneqsSbp≈ \nc¥c

k©mcØn\nSbn¬, an°-t∏mgpw Cutim Xs‚ ]nXmhv hnX®

86

kuμ-cysØ I≠v [ym\n-°p-Ibpw Ah-bn¬\n∂pw ssZhn-I-

k-tμiw {Kln-°m≥ injy-∑msc DZvt_m-[n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-

cp-∂p. ""\nß-fpsS IÆp-I-fp-b¿Øn t\m°p-hn≥; hb-ep-Iƒ

hnf™v sImbvØn\p ]mI-am-bn-cn-°p∂p'' (tbml 4,35). ""kz¿§-

cmPyw Hcp-h≥ Xs‚ hb-en¬ ]mInb ISp-Ip-a-Wn°v kZr-iy-

am-Wv. AXv F√m hnØp-I-tf-°mƒ sNdp-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ hf¿∂p-

I-gn-bp-tºmƒ AXv F√m sNSn-I-tf-°mƒ hep-Xm-Wv'' (aØm

13,31-̨ 32).

98. Cutim krjvSn-Pm-e-hp-ambn Ft∏mgpw kzcp-a-bn¬

Ignbp∂XpI≠v a‰p-≈-h¿ hnkva-bn-®p: ""Ch≥ Bcv? Im‰pw

IS-epw-t]mepw Chs\ A\p-k-cn-°p-∂t√m!'' (aØm 8,27). temI-

Øn¬ \n∂p hn´p-\n¬°p∂ Hcp tbmKnbp-sStbm PohnX

Ønse B\μZmbIamb \∑-I-tfmSp i{XpX ]pe¿Øp∂ Hcm-

fp-sStbm at\m`mh-am-bn-cp-∂n√ Ahn-Sp-tØ-Xv. Xs∂-°p-

dn®pXs∂ Ahn-Sp∂v ]d™p: ""a\p-jy-]p-{X≥ ̀ £n-°p-∂-h\pw

]m\w sNøp-∂-h-\p-ambn h∂p. At∏mƒ Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂p, CXm,

aZy-]\pw t`mP-\-{]n-b\pw!'' (aØm 11,19). ico-c-sØbpw ]Zm¿∞-

sØbpw temI-hkvXp-°-sfbpw \nμn°p∂ XXz-im-kv{X-ß-

fn¬\n∂v Ahn-Sp∂v hn´p-\n-∂p. F∂n´pw ]nev°m-e-N-cn-{X-Øn¬,

A\m-tcm-Ky-I-c-amb Zzμ-Nn-¥-IfpsS kzm[o\Øn¬s∏´v

GXm\pw Nne ss{IkvX-h-Nn-¥-I-¿ kphn-ti-jsØ hncq-]-am-

°n. ssZhw Xs‚ inev]-sshZKv[yØm¬ krjvSn® ]Zm¿∞hp

ambn \nc¥cw kº¿°w ]pe¿Øns°m≠v Cutim kz¥w

ssIIƒsIm≠≤zm\n®p Pohn®p. Ahn-SpsØ Pohn-X-Øns‚

knwl-`m-Khpw Cu tPmen-°mbn am‰nh-®p-sIm≠v Ahn-Sp∂v

efn-X-PohnXw \bn-®p-sh-∂Xp {it≤-b-am-Wv. ]t£, CXmcnepw

BZchpW¿Ønbn√. ""Ch≥ adn-b-Øns‚ aI-\mb X®-\t√?''

(a¿t°m 6,3). CXphgn Ahn-Sp∂v a\p-jym-[zm-\sØ ]hn-{X-am-

°p-Ibpw am\-h-hn-I-k-\-Øn¬ Ahbv°v {]mapJyw Iev∏n-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXp. hn. tPm¨t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ ]Tn-∏n-®-Xp-t]mse,

""\ap°pth≠n {Iqin-°-s∏´ anin-lm-bp-am-bp≈ sFIy-Øn¬

sXmgn-ens‚ t¢i-ßƒ Gs‰-Sp-°p-tºmƒ, \mw Hcp hn[-Øn¬

a\p-jy-c-£-bv°p-th≠n ssZh-]p-{X-t\mSv kl-I-cn-°p-I-bmWv.''79

99. temI-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ss{IkvX-h-Z¿i-\-Øn¬ F√m

krjvSn-I-fp-sSbpw ̀ mKt[bw, Bcw`w apXte k∂nlnXambncn

87


°p∂ aninlm-c-l-ky-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. ""F√mw Ah-

\n-eq-sSbpw Ah-\p-th-≠nbpw krjvSn-°-s∏´p'' (sImtfm 1,16).80

tbml-∂ms‚ kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ BapJw-(tbml 1,1˛18) ssZh-

h-N-\-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ anin-lm-bpsS krjvSn]camb {]h¿Ø\w

hnh-cn-°p∂p. F∂m¬, BapJw XpScp∂p: CtX hN\w Xs∂

""amwk-ambn'' (tbml 1,14). ]cnip≤{XnXz-Ønse Hcmƒ krjvS-

{]-]-©-Øn-te°p {]th-in®v Ipcntimfw Xs‚ ̀ mK-t[bw AXn-

t\m-Spƒt®¿Øp. temIm-cw`w apXevt° khn-ti-j-amw-hn[w

a\p-jym-h-Xm-c-ØneqsS krjvS-{]-]-©-Øns‚ kzmX-{¥ysØ

l\n-°msXXs∂ AXn¬ ad-™n-cp∂v anin-lm-c-lkyw

{]h¿Øn-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

100. a\p-jym-h-Xmcw sNbvX Cutim `qan-bp-ambn

]pe¿Ønb C{μnbtKmNcamb kvt\l-_-‘-ßƒ am{X-a√

]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn-ep-≈-Xv. al-Xz-]q¿Æ-\mbn Dbn¿Ø-ti-jhpw

Ahn-Sp∂v Xs‚ km¿Δ-{Xn-I- I¿ØrXzwhgn krjvSnapgph\nepw

k∂n-ln-X-\m-Wv. Fs¥-∂m¬ ""Ah-\n¬ k¿Δ-k-ºq¿Æ-Xbpw

\nh-kn-°m≥ Ahn-Sp∂p Xncp-a-\-km-bn. kz¿§-Ønepw `qan-

bnepap≈ F√m-‰n-s\bpw Ah≥ hgn Ahn-Sp∂p Xt∂mSp cay-

s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw Ah≥ Ipcn-in¬ Nn¥nb c‡w hgn kam-[m\w

ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp'' (sImtfm 1,19-˛20). ]p{X≥ k¿Δhpw

]nXm-hn\p Iømfn°p∂ ka-b-Øns‚ kam-]vXn-bnte°p

ZrjvSnIfpb¿Øm≥ CXp \sΩ t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂p. Aßs\

""ssZhw F√m-h¿°pw F√m-amIpw'' (1 tImdn 15,28). D∞n-X\mb

aninlm Xs‚ clkymflIXbn¬ temIØnse

krjvSnIsfsb√mw Xt∂mSp tN¿Øp]nSn°pIbpw bpKm¥-

88

k-ºq¿Æ-X-bn-te°p \bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xn\m¬, Ah

{]IrXymbp≈ thjØn¬ am{Xa√ \ΩpsS apºn¬

\nesIm≈p∂Xv. Cutim Xs‚ ̀ uan-I-Po-hn-X-Im-eØp I≠p-

[ym-\n®p hnkvabn® hb¬∏q-°fpw ]£n-I-fp-sa√mw Ct∏mƒ

Ahn-SpsØ {]tim`nX km∂n-≤y-Øm¬ \nd-™n-cn-°p-∂p.

89

]mcnÿn-XnI {]Xnk‘nbv°p≈ am\p-jnI Imc-W-ßƒ

A≤ymbw 3

]mcnÿn-XnI {]Xnk‘nbv°p≈

am\p-jnI Imc-W-ßƒ

101. ]cn-ÿnXn {]Xnk‘nIfpsS am\p-jnI DdhnSßsf

AwKoIcn°msX AXns‚ e£-W-ßsf hnhcn-°p-∂-Xne¿∞-

an-√. \ap°p Np‰p-ap≈ temI-Øn\p {]XnIqeamIpwhn[w a\p-

jy-Po-h-s\-°p-dn®pw Ahs‚ {]hr-Øn-I-sf-°p-dn-®p-ap≈ [mcW

h{Iambn-t∏m-bn-cn-°p-∂p. {i≤m-]q¿Δw \Ωƒ CXn-s\-°p-dn®v

]cn-Nn-¥\w \S-Ø-Ww. CØ-cp-W-Øn¬ C∂p {]_-e-amb -

km-t¶-XnI sshZKv[yØns‚ amXr-I-sb-°pdn®pw temI-Øn¬

a\p-jy-hy-‡n-IfpsSbpw Ahs‚ {]hr-Øn-I-fpsS ÿm\-

sØ°pdn®pw hn-Nn-¥\w sNøm≥ Rm\m-{K-ln-°p-∂p.

I. kmt¶-XnIhnZy ˛ k¿K-i-‡nbpw IcpØpw

102. kmt¶-XnI sshZKv[yw \sΩ B[p-\nI temI-Øns‚

\mev°-h-e-I-fn-se-Øn-®ncn°p-∂ Hcp bpK-am-Wn-Xv. Ign™ c≠p

\q‰m-≠nse am‰Øns‚ henb AebSnbpsS {]tbmP\

saSpØhcmWp \Ωƒ. Bhn-b-{¥-ßƒ, sdbn¬th, sSe-{Kmw,

sshZyp-Xn, hml-\-ßƒ, hnam-\-ßƒ, cmk-hy-h-km-b-ßƒ, B[p-

\nI sshZy-im-kv{Xw, hnhc-km-t¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy, UnPn-‰¬ hnπ-

hw, tdmt_m-´p-Iƒ, _tbm-sS-Ivt\m-fPn, \mt\m sSIvt\m-f-Pn

XpS-ßnbh Chbn¬s∏Sp∂p. ""ssZh-Zm-\-amb am\p-jnI k¿K-

i-‡n-bpsS Dev]-∂ßfmb imkv{Xhpw kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zybpw''81

hgn-bp-≠m-Ip∂ Cu hf¿®sb Bkz-Zn-°p-∂Xpw Ah Xpd-∂p

Xcp∂ A\-¥-km-[y-X-Iƒ°p-ap-ºn¬ A¤pXwIqdn-\n¬°p-

∂Xpw icn-X-s∂. D]-Im-c-{]-Z-amb e£y-ßƒ°mbn {]Ir-Xnsb

]cn-h¿Øn-X-am-°pI F∂Xp am\h IpSpw-_-Øns‚ khn-ti-

j-X-bm-Wv. kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-Xs∂ ""hy‡-am-°p-∂Xv `uXnI

]c-nan-Xn-Isf adn-I-S-°m≥ a\p-jy\p {]tNm-Z\w ]I-cp∂ Hcp

B¥-cnI kwL¿j-sØ-bm-Wv.''82 a\pjysc tZmj-I-c-ambn

_m[n-®Xpw ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xp-amb FÆ-a‰ Xn∑-Isf {]Xn-

90

tcm-[n-°m≥ kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy klm-bn-®n-´p-≠v. sshZy-cw-KØpw

b{¥-km-t¶-XnIhnZy taJ-e-bnepw Bi-b-hn-\n-ab cwKØpw

khn-ti-jambn D≠mb Cu ]ptcm-K-Xn-sb Fßs\ IrXm¿∞-

X-tbmsS hne-aXn°m-Xn-cn-°m-\m-hpw? kpÿnc hf-¿®-bv°m-

h-iy-amb am¿§-ßƒ kuIcys∏SpØnb At\Iw imkv{X-⁄-

cpsSbpw F≥Pn-\o-b¿am-cpsSbpw ]cn{ia-ßsf Fßs\ hnkva-

cn-°m-\m-hpw?

103. kmt¶-XnIimkv{Xw icn-bmb Znibn¬ apt∂-dn-bm¬

Km¿ln-Im-h-iy-ßƒ apX¬ _rl-Ømb KXm-KX kwhn-[m-\-

ßƒ, ]me-ßƒ, sI´n-S-ßƒ, s]mXp-ÿm-]-\-ßƒ F∂n-ßs\

a\p-jy-Po -hnX\nehmcw sa®s∏SpØm-\p≈ H´-\h[n

am¿Kßsf \evIm-≥ Ign-bpw. Iebv°p cq]wsImSpØv a\p-

jys\ ]Zm¿∞--tem-I-Øp-\n∂pw kuμcyØns‚ temI-sØ-

Øn-bv°m\pw CXn\p km[n-°pw. hnam-\-Øns‚tbm Aw_-c-

Npw-_n-bmb ku[Øns‚tbm at\m-lm-cn-Xsb B¿°p \ntj-

[n-°m≥ Ignbpw? B[p-\nI kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-Isf D]-Im-c-s∏-

Sp-Øp-∂ Ie-bp-sSbpw kwKo-X-Øn-s‚bpw hne-tb-dnb Bhn-

jv°cn°epIfpw C{]Imcw Bhnjv°cn°s∏´ kuμcysØ

°pdn®p≈ [ym\hpw a\pjy\p am{Xw km[n°p∂ \n¿WmbI

IpXn∏v ssIhcn®ncn°p∂p.

104. AWp-i‡n, _tbm-sS-Ivt\m-fPn, hnhc-km-t¶-Xn-I-

hnZy, P\n-X-I-imkv{Xw XpSßn \Ωƒ kzmb-Ø-am-°nb ]e

Ign-hp-Ifpw \ap°p _rl-Ømb Hcp i‡nsb ]I¿∂p-X-∂n-

´p-s≠∂p \ma-dn-b-Ww. IqSp-X¬ hy‡-ambn ]d-™m¬ Cu

Adnhpw AXp-]-tbm-Kn-°m-\p≈ kmº-Øn-I- D-d-hn-S-ßfpw

e`n®h¿°v a\p-jy-hw-i-Øn\pw temI-w apgp-h\pwta¬ Hcp B[n-

]Xyw Xcp-∂p. Ct∂hsc am\-h-hw-i-Øn-\v AXns‚-ta¬ C{X-

am{Xw B[n-]Xyw D≠mbn´n√. F¶nepw, C∂nXv D]tbmKn°

s∏Sp∂ coXnh®pt\m°ptºmƒ, hnth-I-tØmsS CXp-]-tbm-

Kn-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂p bmsXmcpd∏pw C√. Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚

a≤y-Øn¬ h¿jn-°-s∏´ AWpt_mw_p-Iƒ, As√-¶n¬

\mknkw, IΩyq-Wnkw, a‰v GIm-[n-]-Xy- `cWIqSßƒ Zi-e-

£-°-W-°n\v Bfp-Isf sIm√m-\p-]-tbm-Kn® kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-

ZyIƒ, -AXn-ep-]cn B[p-\nI bp≤-ap-J-ßƒ°p e`y-am-Ip∂

91


amcImbp-[-ti-J-c-ßƒ F∂nhsb-∏‰n Nn¥n°mXncn°m

\mhn√. BcpsS Ic-ß-fn-emWv Cu i‡n apgp-h≥ ÿnXnsNøp-

∂-Xv? CXn-s\mcp Ah-km\w D≠m-Ip-tam? Cu \io-I-cW i‡n

a\pjyIpeØnse Hcp sNdnb hn`mKØns‚ ssIh-i-ap-≠m-

bn-cn-°pI F∂Xv Atß-b‰w A]-I-S-I-c-amb Imcy-am-Wv.

105. ""i‡n-bpsS h¿≤-\hv F∂Xp ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS Xs∂

h¿≤-\-hm-sW∂pw kpc-£-bnepw D]-Im-c-£-a-X-bnepw kpÿn-

Xn-bnepw {]`m-h-Øn-ep-ap≈ Bg-s∏-S-em-sW∂pw kwkvIm-c-

Øns‚ apJy-[m-c-bntebv°p≈ ]pØ≥ aqey-ß-fpsS kzmwio-

I-cn-°-em-sW∂pw''83 hniz-kn-°p∂ Hcp {]h-WX I≠p-h-cp-

∂p-≠v. \∑-bpw kXyhpw kmt¶-XnI kmº-ØnI i‡nIfn¬

\n∂p kzm`mhnIambn s]bvXn-d-ßp-sa∂Xp bmYm¿∞yambn

Icp-Xp-∂-h-cp-ap-≠v. ""B[p-\nI a\p-jy≥ Du¿÷sØ icn-bmbn

hn\n-tbm-Kn-°m≥ ]cn-io-en-∏n-°-s∏-ń-ń√''84 F∂-XmWp

bmYm¿∞yw. ImcWw _rl-Ømb kmt¶-XnI hf¿®-bvs°m∏w

am\p-jnI DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ß-fp-sStbm aqey-ß-fp-sStbm a\-km-

£n-bp-sStbm Xe-Øn¬ Hcp hf¿® D≠m-bn-ń-√. F√m Ime-

L-´-ßƒ°pw AXns‚ ]cnan-XnIsf°p-dn®v Aev]-amb Ah-

t_m-[ta D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. C∂p \ap°p apºn-ep≈ sh√p-hn-

fn-I-fpsS Xo{hX {Kln°m≥ Ign-bm-sX ht∂°mw. ""a\p-jy≥

Ahs‚ i‡n AXp-]-tbm-Kn-t°-≠-Xp-t]mse D]-tbm-Kn-°m-

Øn-SØv Zn\w-{]Xn A]-I-S-km-[yX Gdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

êØn¬, i‡n IW°m°s∏Sp∂Xv kzmX{¥yØn¬ Xs∂

A¥¿eo\ambncn°p∂ DØchmZnXz]q¿Wamb sXcs™

Sp∏nt\mSv _‘s∏SpØnb√. ImcWw, AXns‚ \bßƒ

kzoIcn°s∏Sp∂Xv, D]tbmKØnt\m kpc£nXXzØnt\m

AXymhiysa∂ hymP ASnÿm\Øn¬ \n∂mWv.''85 F∂m¬,

a\p-jy≥ ]q¿W-ambn kzbw ]cym-]-vX\-√. \ΩpsS kzmX-

{¥ysØ kzm¿∞XmXv]cyw, A{Iaw, X¬£Wmhiyßƒ,

kpt_m-[-an-√mbva F∂o A‘-Im-c-i-‡n-Iƒ°v ASn-bd hbv°p-

tºmƒ AXn\p aß¬ kw`-hn-°p-∂p. Cub¿∞-Øn¬ kZm

h¿[n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Cu i‡n-°p-ap-ºn¬ AXns\ Fß-

s\ \nb-{¥n-°-W-sa-∂-dn-bmØ \mw A]-I-S-camwhn[w hnh-

kv{X-cmbn \n¬°p-I-bm-Wv. \ap°v D]-cn-π-h-am--b Nne bm{¥nI

{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp≠v. F∂m¬ a\p-jy\v AXn¿h-c-ºp-Isf

92

Xo¿°m\pw ip≤-a-\-km-£n-bn¬ Bfl-\n-b-{¥Ww ]-Tn-∏n-

°m\pw Ign-bp∂ Hcp B≤ym-fln-I-Xtbm kwkvIm-ctam

\oXnim-kv{Xtam Ds≠∂v A-h-Im-i-s∏-Sm-\m-hn-√.

II. kmt¶-Xn-I-{]-h¿Ø\ amXr-I-bpsS BtKmfhym-]\w

106. am\-hn-IX kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-sbbpw AXns‚ hf¿®-

sbbpw hnth-N-\-an-√m-sXbpw GI-am\amXr-I-bp-ambn am{Xw

]c-nK-Wn-°p-∂nS-ØmWv ASn-ÿm\ {]iv\w. Cu amXr-I-bm-

Is´, Xs‚ bp‡n-k-l-amb \ymbm-\ym-b-\-S-]-Sn-I-ƒ D]tbmK

s∏-SpØn ]pd-sa-bp≈ Hcp hkvXphns\ {ItaW kao-]n®v AXn-

t∑¬ \nb{¥Ww t\Sp∂ I¿Ømhv (subject) F∂ k¶ev∏

Øn\p {]mapJyw \evIp∂p. ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Ø-en-s‚bpw bPam\

XzØns‚bpw cq]m-¥-co-I-c-W-Øn‚bpw D]m-[n--bmbn amdn

°gn™ imkv{X-]-co-£W am¿K-ßsf√mw ÿm]ns®Sp°m

\mbn Cu I¿Ømhv F¥pw sNøpw. cq]clnXhpw F∂m¬

CjvSm\pkrXw cq]s∏SpØmhp∂Xpamb H∂ns‚ apºn¬

\nev°p∂ {]XoXnbmWv Cu I¿Ømhv \evIp∂Xv. Zo¿L-\m-

fp-I-fmbn {]IrXnXs∂ Hcp-°n-Ø-∂n-cn-°p∂ km[y-X-Iƒ°\p-

kr-X-ambn a\p-jy≥ AXn¬ \nc-¥-c-ambn CSs]´psIm-≠n-cn-

°p-∂p. Ipsd°mew apºphsc, CXp {]IrXnXs∂ Xs‚ Ic-

ß-fn-eqsS A\p-h-Zn-®p-X-∂n-cn-°p∂Xmbn I≠v a\pjy≥

kzoIcn®ncp∂p. F∂m-en∂v, CXn\p hncp-≤-ambn bmYm¿∞y-

ßsf Ah-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v \ap°p ap≥]n-ep-≈-h-bn¬ \n∂p

]c-am-h[n Ih¿s∂-Sp-°m≥ \Ωƒ AhbpsSta¬ Ic-ßƒ

hbv°p -∂p. {]]-©-h -kvXp -°fpw a\p -jycpw XΩn¬

kulrZ_‘a√ C∂p-≈-Xv. adn-s®mcp G‰p-ap´ens‚ Xe-Øn-

te-°nXp amdn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. A\¥hpw A\nb{¥nXhpamb

hf¿® ssIhcn°m≥ CXp klmbIambXn\m¬, kmº-Øn-

I-hn-Z-Kv[¿°pw kº-∂¿°pw kmt¶XnI ssh⁄m-\n-I¿°pw

CXp {]nb¶cambn amdp∂p. ̀ uaKrlsØ F√m ]cn-[n-Iƒ°p-

a-∏pdw sR°n-∏n-gn™v AXnse F√m hn`-h-ß-sfbpw kz¥-

am-°m≥ X°-hn[w `qan-bn¬ A{Xam{Xw A\-¥-amb Af-hn¬

Cu hn`-h-ßƒ Ds≠-∂p≈ [mc-W-bn-emWv CXp kw`-hn-°p-

∂-Xv. ""A\-¥-amb Af-hn¬ {]Ir-Xn-hn-`-h-ßfpw Du¿÷hpw

`qan-bn¬ Ds≠∂pw Ahsb hf-sc-thKw ]p\cp÷ohn∏n°m≥

93


Ignbpsa∂pw, kzm`mhnI {IasØ NqjWwsNøp∂Xns‚

BLmXßƒ thKØn¬ XpS®p\o°msa∂pap≈'' [mcW

sX‰mWv.86

107. imkv{XØns‚bpw kmt¶XnIhnZyIfpsSbpw

ssienIfpw e£yßfpw, hy‡nIfpsS PohnXsØbpw kmaq-

lØns‚ {]hrØnIsfbpw cq]s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ Hcp hn⁄m\

imkv{X]camb amXrIbm°m\p≈ ˛ Nnet∏mƒ t_m[]q¿h

a√mØ˛{iaØn¬\n∂mWv C∂sØ temIØns‚ ]e

{]Xnk‘nIfpw DcpØncnbp∂sX∂p ]dbm≥ km[n°pw.

k¿h am\p-jnI˛kmaq-lnI bmYm¿∞yßƒ°ptaepap≈

ASnt®ev∏n°ens‚ ^eßƒ ]cnÿnXnbpsS timjW

ØneqsSbmWp {]ISamIp∂Xv. a\p-jys‚ kmaq-lnI Pohn-X-

Øns‚ kakvX taJ-e-I-sfbpw _m-[n-°p∂ \yq\oIcW

Øns‚ (reductionism) Hc-S-bmfw am{X-am-Wn-Xv. kmt¶-XnIhnZy-

bpsS Cu DXv∏-∂-ßƒ \njv]£as√∂p \Ωƒ Adn™ncn

°Ww. adn®v, Nne A[nImcw Iømfp∂ NnecpsS hyh-ÿm-

]n-X- Xm-Xv]-cy{]Imcw, PohnX{Iaßsf \n¿Wbn°p∂Xpw

kmaqlykm[yXIsf cq]s∏SpØp∂Xpamb N´°qSpIsf

krjvSn°m≥ Cu Dev∏∂ßƒ°p Ignbpw. shdpw t{]cIw

(instrumental) F∂ \nebn¬ am{Xw ImWs∏Sp∂ Nne

Xocpam\ßƒ, bYm¿∞Øn¬ \Ωƒ ]SpØpb¿Øm≥

B{Kln°p∂Xv GXp XcØnep≈ kaqlamsW∂Xns\

°pdn®p≈ Xocpam\ßƒ Xs∂bmWv.

108. shdpsamcp D]IcWw F∂ \nebn¬, hyXykvXamb

Hcp kmwkvImcnI amXrI t{]m’mln∏n°mt\m as‰mcp

kmt¶XnIhnZy D]tbmKs∏SpØmt\m D≈ Bibw C∂v

ANn¥\obamWv. kmt¶XnIhnZybpsS hn`hßƒ D]tbmKn

°msX Pohn°m≥ km[ya√mØhn[Ønepw, D]tbmKn®m¬,

AhbpsS B[n]Xyw \ΩpsSta¬ {]_eamIpw hn[Ønepw

kmt¶XnIhnZybpsS amXrI A{XI≠p taevt°mbva

ssIhcn®ncn°p∂p. BtKmfhXv°cn°m≥ tijnbp≈

kmt¶XnIhnZysb `mKnIambnt∏mepw B{ibn°msXbp≈

Hcp PohnXssien cq]s∏SpØp∂Xv kwkvImcØn\p

hncp≤ambn IcpXs∏Sp∂ XcØn¬ AhbpsS kzm[o\w

94

A{Xam{Xw h¿≤n®ncn°p∂p. F√m‰ns\bpw Xs‚ Ccpºp

IhNap≈ bp‡nbnte°v hen®Sp∏n°m\p≈ {]hWX

kmt¶XnI hnZybv°p≠v. ""A¥nahniIe\Øn¬, a\pjy

cminbpsS \∑bvt°m t£aØnt\m th≠nb√ kmt¶XnI

hnZy \oßp∂Xv, adn®v G‰hpw auenIm¿∞Øn¬ F√m‰ns‚

bpwta¬ A[nImcØn\pth≠nbmWv F∂v CXn\m¬ hebw

sNøs∏ńcn°p∂h¿°dnbmw.''87. XXvêambn, ""a\pjy≥

{]IrXnbpsSbpw Xs‚Xs∂ {]IrXnbpsSbpw A\mhrXamb

Awißƒ ssIhis∏SpØp∂p''88. Xocpam\ßsfSp°m\p≈

\ΩpsS Ignhv, bYm¿∞ kzmX{¥yw, HmtcmcpØcpsSbpw

hyXncn‡amb krjvSn]cXbv°p≈ ÿm\w F∂nh

Npcpßp∂p.

109. kmt¶XnIhnZymamXrI kmºØnI˛cmjv{Sob

cwKßfnepw B[n]Xyw ]pe¿Øm\p≈ {]hWX ImWn

°p∂p. kºZvhyhÿ, kmt¶XnIhnZybpsS GsXmcp

]ptcmKXnsbbpw, a\pjy\n¬ AXp hcpØntb°mhp∂

Zpjn® kzm[o\Øns‚ i‡nsb°pdn®v H´pwXs∂ {i≤n

°msX, emè£ytØmsS kzoIcn°p∂p. kºZvhyhÿsb

]Ws°mgp∏p IogS°p∂p. BtKmfkmºØnI{]Xnk‘n

\evInb ]mTßƒ \Ωƒ CXphsc Dƒs°m≠nń√. AXnepw

kmh[m\ØnemWp \Ωƒ ]cnÿnXntimjWØns‚

]mTßƒ ]Tn°p∂Xv. Ct∏mgsØ kmºØnIimkv{Xhpw

kmt¶XnIhnZybpw F√m ]cnÿnXn{]iv\ßsfbpw

]cnlcn°psa∂p IcpXpIbpw BtKmfhni∏ns‚bpw

Zmcn{ZyØns‚bpw {]iv\ßƒ hn]WnbpsS hf¿®bm¬

]cnlcn°s∏Spsa∂p km[mcW `mjbn¬ hmZap∂bn

°pIbpw sNøp∂hcp≠v. Bcpw ]n¥pWbv°m≥ apXncmØXpw

kºZvhyhÿbpsS {]h¿Ø\Øn¬ IS∂phcm\njvS

s∏SmØXpamb Nne kmºØnI kn≤m¥ßsf∏‰n

CØc°m¿ Aew`mhw ]pe¿Øp∂p. AØcw kn≤m¥ßsf

Ah¿ hm°psIm≠p kzmKXw sNøp∂p≠mhn√; F∂m¬,

{]hrØnIfm¬ ]n¥pWbv°p∂p. Fs¥∂m¬, k¥penXamb

Dev]mZ\w, kºØns‚ sa®s∏´ hnXcWw, {]IrXntbmSpw

`mhnXeapdbpsS AhImißtfmSpap≈ ]cnKW\

F∂nhbn¬ Xmev]cyw ImWn°mXncn°ptºmƒ Ah¿

95


ap≥]d™ kmºØnI kn≤m¥ßsf ]n¥pWbv°pIbmWv.

AhcpsS s]cpam‰w I≠m¬, Ah¿°p ]camh[n em`ap≠m

°nbm¬ am{Xw aXnsb∂p tXm∂psa¶nepw, a\pjys‚

ka{KhnIk\hpw kmaqly]¶mfnØhpw Dd∏phcpØm≥

hn]Wnbv°mhn√.89 Zcn{Z¿°v ASnÿm\hn`hßfnte°p

{]thi\w \evIm≥ Ignbp∂ XcØnep≈ kmºØnI

ÿm]\ßfpw kmaqlykwcw`ßfpw hnIkn∏ns®Sp°p∂

Xn¬ \Ωƒ hfsc kmh[m\w \oßptºmgpw, ""am\pjnIXsb

ad°p∂ hn[Øn¬ XpS¿∂psIm≠ncn°p∂ AhImi

\ntj[ßtfmSv \ap°p tbmPn°m≥ ]‰mØ ssh]cnXyw

krjvSn°p∂ ]mgm°ens‚bpw D]t`mKØns‚bpw coXn

bnep≈ HcpXcw "AXnhnIk\'ap≠v.'90 \ΩpsS h¿Øam\

ImeØns‚ ]cmPbßfpsS ASnÿm\thcpIƒ Is≠Øp∂

Xn¬ \Ωƒ ]cmPbs∏Sp∂p. kmt¶XnI hnZybpsSbpw kmº

ØnI hf¿®bpsSbpw KXnbpw e£yhpw A¿∞hpw

kmaqlnI{]k‡nbpw a\knem°n AXp Is≠Øm≥ \ap°p

IgnbWw.

110. kmt¶XnIhnZybnse Hmtcm taJebnsebpw

{]tXyI sshZKv[yw B¿Pn°m\p≈ {iaw bmYm¿∞yßsf

]q¿Wambn a\knem°p∂Xp Zpjv°cam°p∂p. hn⁄m\

taJesb hyXykvX Xp≠pXp≠pIfmbn XcwXncn°p∂

ssien {]mtbmKnI D]tbmKØn\p klmbIamWv. F∂m¬

apgph≥ bmYm¿∞ysØbpw hkvXp°ƒXΩnep≈ _‘

sØbpw hnimeamb N{IhmfsØbpw hneaXn°p∂Xn¬

AXp tIm´w hcpØpIbpw Aßs\ Ahsb A{]k‡

am°pIbpw sNøp∂p. Cu bmYm¿∞yw B[p\nI temIØnse

AXnk¶o¿Wamb {]iv\ßƒ, {]tXyIn®p ]cnÿnXnsbbpw

Zcn{Zscbpw kw_‘n°p∂h, ]cnlcn°m≥ ]cym]vXamb

am¿Kßƒ Is≠Øp∂Xp ZpjvIcam°p∂p. CØcw {]iv\

ßƒ Htcsbmcp ImgvN∏mSntem Hcp]‰w Xmev]cyßfntem

am{Xw \n∂psIm≠p ssIImcyw sNøm\mhn√. h≥ {]iv\

ßƒ°p ]cnlmcw \n¿t±in°p∂ imkv{Xw a‰p hn⁄m\

taJeIƒ, {]tXyIn®p XXzimkv{Xhpw kmaqlnI\oXn

imkv{Xhpw, {]Zm\wsNøp∂ hnhcßsfbpw Xo¿®bmbpw

IW°nseSp°Ww; F∂m¬, C∂v CXp t\SnsbSp°m≥ A{X

96

Ffp∏ap≈ ioea√. am{Xa√, C°mcyØn¬ Hcph\v

B{ibn°mhp∂ icnbmb \oXnimkv{XtaJeIfpw C∂n√.

IqSmsX, kmt¶XnIhnZysb AkvXnXzØns‚ A¿∞w

a\knem°m\p≈ apJy Xmt°membn IW°m°ns°m≠v

PohnXsØ {ItaW AXns‚ kmlNcyßƒ°v ASnbd

hbv°pIbpw sNøp∂p. sXs‰¥msW∂p Nq≠n°mWn°p∂

]cnÿnXntimjWw, DXv°WvT, PohnXØns‚bpw Iq´mbva

bn¬ Ignbp∂Xns‚bpw e£yt_m[Øns‚ A`mhw XpSßnb

e£Wßƒ \Ωƒ A`oapJoIcn°p∂ {]mtbmKnI kmlNcy

Ønep≠v. ""Bibßsf°mƒ {][m\s∏´Xp bmYm¿∞yßfm

sW∂p'' \Ωƒ Hcn°¬IqSn ImWp∂p.91

111. kXzc{]iv\ßfmb aen\oIcWw, ]cnÿnXn

Po¿WX, {]IrXnhn`hßfpsS timjWw F∂nhtbmSp≈

`mKnIhpw ASnb¥nchpamb {]XnIcWßfpsS Hcp ]cºc

am{Xambn ]cnÿnXn kwkv°mcsØ Npcp°m\mhn√.

kmt¶XnIhnIk\amXrIbpsS B{IaWsØ {]Xntcm[n

°m≥ klmbn°p∂ XcØnep≈, hkvXpXIsf°pdn®p≈

Hcp \hho£Ww, Nn¥mssien, \bßƒ, hnZym`ymk]≤Xn,

PohnXssien, BflobX F∂nh BhiyamWv. adn®mbm¬,

DØaamb ]cnÿnXn kwcw`ßƒt]mepw BtKmfhXv°cW

Øns‚ bp‡nbn¬ IpSpßnt∏mIm\nSbp≠v. Db¿∂phcp∂

Hmtcm ]cnÿnXn {]iv\Øn\pw kmt¶XnI]cnlmcw am{Xw

tXSp∂Xv, bYm¿∞Øn¬ ]ckv]c_‘nXambhsb

th¿s]SpØp∂Xn\pw BtKmfkwhn[m\Øns‚ G‰hpw

BgtadnbXpw bYm¿∞hpamb {]iv\ßsf Xakv°cn°p∂

Xn\pw XpeyamWv.

112. F∂ncp∂mepw \ap°v \ΩpsS N{Ihmfßsf hnime

am°m≥ Ignbpw. kmt¶XnIimkv{XsØ \nb{¥n°m\pw

]cnanXs∏SpØm\pw Bhiyamb kzmX{¥yw \ap°p≠v;

IqSpX¬ BtcmKyIchpw am\pjnIhpw kmaqlnIhpw

ka{Khpamb as‰mcpXcw ]ptcmKXnbpsS tkh\Ønte°v

AXns\ \ntbmKn°m≥ Ignbpw. kmt¶XnIhnZymamXrIbpsS

B[n]XyØn¬\n∂p≈ hntamN\w Nnet∏mƒ kw`hn°m

dp≠v. sNdpInS Dev]mZIkwLßƒ aen\oIcWw Ipd™

97


Dev]mZ\coXnIƒ kzoIcn°p∂Xpw D]t`mKØn\Sns∏SmØ

PohnXssienbpw hnt\mZßfpw kaqlw Xncs™Sp°p∂Xpw

DZmlcWßfmWv. a\pjys‚ aq¿Øamb {]iv\ßƒ

]cnlcn°p∂Xnte°p kmt¶XnIhnZy apJyambpw \bn°

s∏Sptºmƒ, IqSpX¬ alXzØnepw Ipd™ kl\Ønepw

Pohn°m≥ Ahsc kXyambpw klmbn°p∂p. As√¶n¬,

kuμcyw krjvSn°m\pw BkzZn°m\pap≈ B{Klw,

kuμcyØnepw AXns\ Z¿in°p∂hcnepap≠mIp∂ HcpXcw

c£hgn \yq\oIcWsØ XcWwsNøm≥ km[n°p∂Xp

sIm≠v kmt¶XnIhnZybpsS B[n]XyØn¬\n∂p tamN\w

t\Sm\mhpw. kmt¶XnIhnZybm¬ `cn°s∏Sp∂ C∂sØ

kwkvImca≤yØn¬, ASbv°s∏´ hmXnen\p ]n∂n¬ aqS¬

a™v {ItaW hym]n°p∂Xpt]mse, Xosc {i≤n°s∏SmØ

XcØn¬, ]pXnb DZv{KY\Øn\mlzm\w sNøp∂ icnbmb

am\hnIX {]Xy£s∏Sp∂p≠v. CsXms°bmsW¶nepw,

hgßmØ {]Xntcm[Øn\p at[y Dbcp∂ bYm¿∞amb Cu

hmKvZm\ßƒ \ne\nev°ptam?

113 . P\ßƒ B\μ\n¿`camb Hcp `mhnbn¬

hnizkn°p∂Xmbn ImWs∏Sp∂ns√∂ bmYm¿∞yhpap≠v.

Ct∏mgsØ temIkmlNcyßsfbpw \ΩpsS kmt¶XnI

ssh`hsØbpw ASnÿm\am°p∂ sa®s∏´ `mhnbn¬

Ah¿°v A‘amb hnizmkan√. imkv{Xob˛kmt¶XnI

]ptcmKXnsb am\hnIXbpsSbpw Ncn{XØns‚bpw

]ptcmKXnbmbn ]cnKWn°m\mhns√∂ Aht_m[w

h¿[n®phcp∂p≠v. sa®s∏´ ̀ mhnbv°p≈ am¿Kw as‰hnsStbm

BsW∂ Aht_m[hpw h¿[n®phcp∂p≠v. kmt¶XnIhnZy

\ap°p h®p\o´p∂ km[yXIsf \nckn°m\√ CXv.

a\pjyhwiw Bgtadnb ]cnh¿Ø\Øn\p hnt[bam

bncn°p∂p. CSapdnbmØ ]pXpaIfpsS Ip∂pIqS¬, \sΩ Hcp

Znibnte°p hen®ngbv°p∂ HcpXcw Ir{XnaXzsØ

alXzhXv°cn°p∂p. PohnXØn¬ Hcp\nanjw\n∂v Bgßƒ

hos≠Sp°pI F∂Xp Zpjv°cambncn°p∂p. hmkvXphnZy Hcp

ImeL´Øns‚ ssNX\yØns‚ {]Xn^e\amsW¶n¬

C∂sØ \ΩpsS h≥ku[ßfpw hnckamb sI´nS\ncIfpw

]pXp]pØ≥ DXv∏∂ßfpsS \nc¥c {]fbhpw apSp∏n°p∂

98

hnckXbpap≈ BtKmfhXv°cn°s∏´ kmt¶XnIhnZybpsS

{]IS\ßfmWv. CXn\p IogSßmsX F√m‰ns‚bpw A¿∞

e£yßsf°pdn®p \ap°p hnkvabn®p sImt≠bncn°mw.

As√¶n¬ \Ωƒ Ct∏mgsØ kmlNcyßsf \ymboIcn

°pIbpw \ΩpsS iq\yXsb adnIS°m\pw bmYm¿∞yØn¬

\n∂v Hgn™p amdm\pap≈ ]pXnb hgnIƒ tXSpIbpw sNøpw.

114. Hcp i‡-amb kmwkvIm-cnI hnπ-h-Øns‚ A\n-hm-

cy--X-bmWv Ch hy-‡am-°p-∂-Xv. imkv{Xhpw kmt¶-Xn-I -an-

Ihpw \njv]£a√; GsXmcp {]{InbbpsSbpw BZy¥w

hyXykvXßfmb e£yßfpw km[yXIfpw D≠mhpIbpw

Ahbv°p hyXykvX cq]ßƒ kzoIcn°pIbpw sNømw.

inembpKØnte°p aSßWsa∂√ ]dbp∂Xv. ]t£, \Ωƒ

kmh[m\w \n∂v hyXykvXamb coXnbn¬ bmYm¿∞ysØ

t\m°nImtW≠Xp≠v. CXphsc D≠mbn´p≈ {InbmflIhpw

kpÿnchpamb ]ptcmKXnsb hneaXn°m≥ am{Xa√,

BUw_csØ°pdn®p≈ A\nb{¥nXamb \ΩpsS

anYyIfm¬ XqsØdnbs∏´ aqeyßfpw alØmb e£yßfpw

hos≠Sp°m\pamWnXv.

III. B[p-\nI a\pjytI{μhmZ-Øns‚ sh√p-hn-fn-Ifpw

^e-ßfpw

115. B[p-\nI a\pjytI{μhmZw bmYm¿∞y-ßƒ°-∏pdw

kmt¶-Xn-I-Nn-¥-Iƒ°p hne-I¬∏n-®p-sIm≠v sshcp-≤ym-fl-I-

am-bn-Øo-cp-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. ImcWw, ""kmt¶-Xn-I-im-kv{X-

Øns‚ Nn¥m-[m-c-bn¬ {]IrXn kwth-Z-\-£-a-a-√mØ {Iatam,

hkvXpX-I-fpsS XWp-Øp-d™ cq]tam, D]-t`m-K-Øn\p am{X-

ambn "\evI-s∏´' Hcp hkvXp-thm, D]-Im-c-{]-Z-amb cq]-`m-h-

ßƒ \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\m-bp≈ Akw-kvIr-X-h-kvXpthm Bbn am{X-

am-Wv Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Cu Imgv®-∏m-Sn¬ {]]©w F∂Xp

XnI™ A\m-ÿ-tbmsS hkvXp-°sf hen-s®-dn-bm-\p≈

shdpsamcp "CSw' am{X-am-Wv.''92 Aß-s\ Cu temI-Øns‚

B¥cnI alXzw Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. Cu temI-Øn¬

a\p-jyhy‡nIƒ XßfpsS bYm¿∞ÿm\w Is≠-Øm≥

]cmPbs∏Sptºmƒ Ah¿ Xß-sf-Øs∂ sX‰n-≤-cn-°p-Ibpw

Xßƒs°-Xn-cmb {]hr-Øn-Ifn¬ sN∂p\nev°pIbpw sNøp-

99


∂p. ""ssZhØns‚ \∑\nd™ BZnae£ysØ BZcn®p

sIm≠p]tbmKn°m≥ a\pjy\p ̀ qansb \evInsb∂p am{Xa√,

a\pjy≥Xs∂bpw A]c¿°p≈ ssZhZm\amWv. AXpsIm≠v

Xs∂ BhcWwsNbvXncn°p∂ Xs‚ klPambXpw [m¿anI

hpamb LS\Isf Ah≥ BZcn°Ww.''93

116. B[p-\n-I-X- C∂v AXn-cp-I-hn™ a\p-jy-tI-{μ

hmZØm¬ {it≤bamWv. kmaq-ly_‘ßsf i‡ns∏SpØm

\p≈ bXv\ßfpsSbpw ]¶mfnØ [mcWIfpsSbpw hgnapS°n

as‰mcp thjØn¬ AXp \nesIm≈p∂p. bmYm¿∞yßsfbpw

Ahbpƒs°m≈p∂ ]cnanXnIsfbpw \ho\ho£WØn¬

ImtW≠ kabambncn°p∂p. CXp hy‡nIfpsSbpw kaql

Øns‚bpw BtcmKyIchpw ^e{]Zhpamb hnIk\Øn\p

BhiyamWv. {InkvXob \c-hw-i-im-kv{X-Øns‚ A]cym]vX

amb Ah-X-c-Ww- a\p-jy-hy-‡n-Ifpw {]]-©hpw XΩnep≈

_‘-sØ-°p-dn®v sX‰mb Nne [mc-W-Iƒ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥

Imc-W-am-bn-Øo¿∂n-´p-≠v. {]]-©-Øn-s‚-ta¬ bPam\Xzw

ÿm]n-°-W-sa∂pw {]Ir-Xn-kw-c-£Wsa∂Xv Zpx¿_-e-lr-Z-b-

cpsS am{Xw kwcw-`-amsW∂pw [cn°p∂ Hcp s{]man-Øn-bqkv

ho£Ww ]escbpw {Kkn-®n -cn -°p-∂p. ]Icw, \ap°p

{]]©Ønt∑ep≈ ""B[n-]Xyw'' F∂Xv DØ-c-hmZnXz

]q¿Wamb ImcyÿXbmsW∂ bmYm¿∞yw Xncn-®-dn-bWw.94

117. {]IrXn-bv°p-t\sc \Ωƒ \S-Øp∂ t{Zmlßsfbpw

\ΩpsS Xocp-am-\-ßƒ°p ]-cnÿnXn°ptaep≈ B-Lm-X-

ßsfbpw \nb-{¥n-°p∂ Imcy-Øn¬ Aew`mhw ImWn°p

∂Xp Xs∂-bmWv {]IrXnbpsS LS\bnep≈ ktμisØ

\Ωƒ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂n√ F∂-Xn -s‚ ]ca{][m\amb

ASbmfw. Zcn-{Zhy-‡n-bpsSbpw a\pjy{`qW-Øns‚bpw `n∂-

ti-jn-bp≈ hy‡n-bpsSbpw aqeysØ bmYm¿∞y-Øns‚ ̀ mK-

ambn AwKoIcn°m≥ Ign-bmsX hcp-tºmƒ {]Ir-Xn-bpsS \ne-

hn-fnbpw tIƒ°m≥ \ap°p Ig-nbn√. ImcWw, F√mw ]c-kv]c

_≤-am-Wv. Hcp hy‡n bmYm¿∞y-ß-fn¬\n∂p kzbw tamN\w

{]Jym-]n-°p-Ibpw kºq¿W B[n-]-Xy-tØmsS s]cp-am-dp-Ibpw

sNøptºmƒ \ΩpsS Pohn -X -Øns‚ ASn -ÿm-\ -ßƒ

XI¿∂Snbp∂p. ImcWw, ""ssZh-Øns‚ krjvSn-I¿a-tØmSp

100

kl-Im-cn-bm-hpI F∂ ZuXy-Øn\p ]Icw ssZh-Øn-s‚

ÿm\Øv kzbw {]Xn-jvTn-°p-∂Xp-hgn {]Ir-XnbpsS `mKØp

\n∂pXs∂ FXn¿∏n\nSbm°p∂p.''95

118. Hcp hiØv sNdpPohnIfn¬ bmsXm-cp-hn[ B¥cnI

aqey-ßfpw ImWmXncn-°p-Ibpw adphiØv a\pjyPoh-\n¬

khn-ti-j-aq-ey-ß-sfm∂pw ImWm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ kmt¶-

XnI A[oi-Xzw Hcp hnLSnXam\-kn-Im-h-ÿ-bnte°p

\nc¥cw \bn°p∂p. F∂m¬ Hcp-h\p am\-h-hw-iØn¬\n∂v

AØ-c-Øn¬ th¿s]´p\nev°m≥ km[ya√. a\pjy_‘

ßfpsS \ho-I-cWan√msX {]IrXnbpam-bp≈ \ΩpsS _‘-

sØ ]p\cp-≤-cn-°m-\m-hn-√. ]cym]vXamb \c-hw-i-im-kv{Xw

IqSmsX ]cn-ÿnXnimkv{XØn\p {]k-‡n-bn-√. a\p-jy-hy-

‡nXzw ]eXnsem∂p am{Xamtbm, shdpw bmZrOnIXbpsStbm

hn[nbpsStbm DXv]-∂w am{X-amtbm I≠phcp∂nSØv, ""DØc

hmZnXzt_m[w £bn°pw''96. hgnsX‰n°s∏´ a\pjytI{μ

hmZw "ssPhtI{μhmZ'ØnseØWsa∂p \n¿_‘an√.

ImcWw, \nehnep≈ {]iv\ßsf ]cnlcn°m≥ IgnbmsX

]pXnbhsb krjvSn°p∂ Hck¥penXmhÿ kwPmXam

tb°mw. a\pjys‚ Adnhns‚bpw a\xkm£nbpsSbpw

kzmX{¥yØns‚bpw DØchmZnXzØns‚bpw khntij

IgnhpIsf AwKoIcn°pIbpw hneaXn°pIbpw sNømØnSØv

Ah\v Cu {]]©tØmSv DØchmZnXzw D≠mIWsa∂n√.

119. hgn- sX‰n°s∏´ a\pjytI{μhmZØns‚ \ncq-]-

W-ßƒ hy‡n-]-c-amb _‘-ß-fpsS {]m[m-\ysØ CIgvØn

°m´m≥ ]mSn√. C∂sØ ]mcn-ÿn-XnI {]Xnk‘n Hcp B[p-

\nI [m¿Ωn-I, kmwkvIm-cnI, Bflob {]Xn-k-‘n-bpsS sNdnb

ASbmfamsW-¶n¬ ASnÿm\]cambn hy‡n_‘ßfnse

apdnhpW°msX {]Ir-Xnbpw ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bp-am-bp≈ \ΩpsS

_‘-ß-fnse {]iv\-ßƒ°p ]cn-lmcw Is≠-Øm≥ Ignbn√.

a\pjy¿°v a‰p krjvSn-I-fn¬\n∂p khn-ti-j-amb alXzw

Ds≠∂XmWp {InkvXobNn¥. CXv Hmtcm hy‡ntbmSpap≈

aXn∏pw a‰p≈htcmSp≈ _lpam\hpw Du´nbpd∏n°p∂p. Adn-

bm\pw kvt\ln-°m\pw kw`m-j-W-Øn-te¿s∏-Sm\pw Ign-bp-

∂-h\m-b A]-c-\n-te-°p≈ Xpd-hn-bmWp a\p-jy-hy-‡n-bpsS

101


kz`mhamlmflyØn\p \nZm\w. AXo{μob-X-e-Ønse A]-c-

\mb ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ Xpd-hn-sbbpw a‰p-≈-h-cn-te-°p≈ Xpd-

hn-bpsS kmaqlnIam\sØbpw Ah-K-Wn-°-cp-sX∂p krjvS

{]]-©-hpam-bp≈ icnbmb _‘w \tΩmSv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p.

]cn-ÿn-Xn-bp-am-bp≈ \ΩpsS _‘sØ Hcn-°epw a‰p-≈-h-cp-

amtbm ssZh-hp-amtbm D≈ _‘-Øn¬\n∂pw th¿s]SpØn

ImWm\mhn√. As√-¶n¬ CXv Hcp Xcw izmkwap´n-°p∂

A¥¿eo-\-X-bn¬ \sΩ _‘n-°p-∂, ]mcn-ÿn-XnI _‘-

Øns‚ ad-hn¬ kw`-hn-°p∂ shdpw Imev]-\nI hy‡n-am-

lmflyhmZ-ambn amdpw.

120. F√mw ]ckv]c_≤ambXpsIm≠v {]Ir-Xn-kw-c-

£W hmZ-K-Xn-Iƒ {`qW-l-Xy-bpsS \ymbo-I-c-W-ß-tfmSv

Aev]wt]mepw s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. Hcp a\pjy{`qW-sØ

AsX{X-am{Xw Aku-Icy-ßfpw _p≤n-ap-´p-Ifpw P\n-∏n-°p-∂-

Xm-bmepw kwc-£n-°m≥ sa\s°Sm-sX, {]iv\-_m-[n-Xhpw

Akz-ÿhpw apdnthev°s∏Smhp∂Xpamb a‰p PohnIsf kwc-

£n-°-W-sa∂p \ap-s°-ßs\ Bflm¿∞ambn hmZn°m\mhpw?

""]pXp-Po-hs\ kzoIcn°m\p≈ kaq-l-Øns‚tbm hy‡n-bp-

sStbm kwth-Z\i‡n \jvS-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ, kaq-l-Øn\p hne-

tb-dn-b-Xmbn tXm∂ntb°mhp∂ kzoImcyXbpsS a‰p ]e

cq]ßfpw \in°pw.''97

121. kao] \q‰m-≠p-I-fnse sX‰mb hmZ-ßsf adn-I-S-

°m≥ DX-Ip-∂- Hcp kwt«-jWw \Ωƒ cq]-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

Cutimanin-lm-bn¬\n∂p kzoI-cn-®- kXy-Øns‚ kº∂ Dd-

hn-S-ß-tfmSpw XßfpsSXs∂ X\n-a-tbmSpw hniz-kvXX ImWn-

®p -sIm≠pw amdnamdnhcp∂ Ncn{XkmlNcyßtfmSp

^e{]Zambn kwh-Zn®psIm≠pw {InkvXobX Cu {]iv\ßsf

°pdn®p≈ hnNn¥\w XpScp∂p. AXp-h-gn-bmbn ss{IkvXh

kaqlw AXns‚ \nXy\ho-\XzsØ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p.98

{]mtbm-KnI Bt]-£n-I-Xm-hmZw

122. Zni-sX-‰nb a\pjy-tI- {μhmZw - hgn -sX-‰nb

PohnXssien-bn-te°p \bn-°p-∂p. kphntijØns‚ B\μw

F∂ ss«lnI{]t_m[\Øn¬ Rm≥ ]cma¿in®Xpt]mse,

102

""XmXznI Bt]£nIXmhmZsØ°mƒ hfsc A]ISIc

amWv''99 C°meØns‚ apJap{Zbmbncn°p∂ {]mtbmKnI

Bt]£nIXmhmZw. a\pjy≥ Xs∂Øs∂ tI{μÿm\Øp

{]XnjvTn°ptºmƒ kXzckuIcyØn\p tIhe {]mapJyw

\evIpIbpw as‰√mw Bt]£nIambn ]n¥≈pIbpw sNøp∂p.

k¿hhym]nbmb kmt¶XnI A[oiXzw, A\nb{¥nXamb

a\pjyi‡nbpsS hocmcm[\ F∂nhtbmsSm∏w Hcphs‚

kXzc Xmev]cyßƒ°v D]Icn°mØXns\sb√mw

A{]k‡ambn ImWp∂ Hcp Bt]£nIXmhmZw Db¿∂p

hcp∂Xn¬ \Ωƒ hnkvabnt°≠Xn√. ChnsS hyXykvX

at\m`mhßƒ ]ckv]cw t]mjn∏n°p∂p F∂ \ymbap≠v.

CXp ]cnÿnXn timjWØnte°pw kmaqlyPo¿WX

bnte°pw \bn°p∂p.

123. Hcp hy‡n as‰mcphs\ NqjWw sNøp∂Xpw

Ahsc shdpw hkvXp°fmbn IcpXn AhcpsSta¬ tPmen

ASnt®ev∏n°p∂Xpw ISwho´p∂Xphsc ASnas∏SpØn

hbv°p∂Xpsa√mw Bt]£nIXmkwkv°mcØnse

{IacmlnXyØns‚ ]cnWnXêßƒ Xs∂bmWv. CtX

Bt]£nIXmhmZamWv, IpńIfpsS ssewKnINqjWØn

te°pw XßfpsS Xmev]cyßƒ°v C\nsbmcn°epw

D]Icn°mØ htbmP\ßsf Dt]£n°p∂Xnte°pw

\bn°p∂Xv. hn]Wnbnse AZriyi‡nIƒ kºZvhyh

ÿsb \nb{¥n°s´; kaqlØnepw {]IrXnbneptaev°p∂

BLmXw AXns‚ ]m¿izêw am{XamWv F∂p]dbp∂

hcpsS am\knILS\bpw Cu XØzØn\p hnt[bs∏ń

cn°p∂p. \ΩpsS Xs∂ kXzc BhiyßfpsSbpw B{Klß

fpsSbpw ]q¿ØoIcWa√msX, a‰v BtcmKyIcamb XØz

ßtfm hkvXp\njvTamb kXywXs∂tbm C√mØ Ahÿ

bn¬ a\pjy°SØv, kwLSnXIp‰IrXyw, ab°pacp∂p

hym]mcw, hwi\miòjWn t\cnSp∂ PohnIfpsS hym]mcw

XpSßnbhbv°v GXp ]cn[n \n›bn°pw? CtX Bt]£nI

XmhmZØns‚ ASnÿm\ØnemWp Zcn{ZcpsS Ahbhßƒ

]p\¿hnev]\bv°mtbm ]co£Wßƒ°mtbm hmßp∂Xn

s\bpw Xßƒ B{Kln°mØ IpńIsf amXm]nXm°ƒ

hns‰mgnhm°p∂Xns\bpw \ymboIcn°p∂Xv. Bhiytijw

103


hens®dnbpI F∂ CtX bp‡nbmWv th≠Xne[nIw

D]tbmKn°m\p≈ {IaclnXamb B{KlØneqsS

C{Xb[nIw amen\yßƒ Dev]mZn∏n°p∂Xv. ]cnÿnXnsb

_m[n°p∂ {]iv\ßƒ°p≈ aXnbmb ]cnlmcw cmjv{Sob

]ctam \nba]ctam am{XamsW∂p IcpXn°qSm. ImcWw,

kwkv°mcwXs∂ £bn°pIbpw hkvXp\njvTamb

kXyßtfm km¿h{XnI XXzßtfm Db¿Øn∏nSn°mXncn°p

Ibpw sNøptºmƒ, \nbaw ASnt®ev∏n°s∏Sp∂Xpw Hgnhm°

s∏tS≠Xpamb XS ambn ImWs∏t´°mw.

sXmgnens\ kwc£nt°≠Xns‚ BhiyIX

124. hnip≤ tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠ma≥ Xs‚ sXmgnens‚

amlmflyw (Laborem Exercens) F∂ Nm{InIteJ\ØneqsS

hnthI]q¿hw Nq≠nImńbXpt]mse, ]cnÿnXntbmSp≈

GsXmcp ka{Kkao]\hpw t]cp kqNn∏n°p∂Xpt]mse

Xs∂, a\pjys\ Hgnhm°mØXpw sXmgnens‚ aqeysØ

IW°nseSp°p∂Xpw Bbncn°Ww. krjvSnsb°pdn®p≈

ss__nƒ hnhcW{]Imcw ssZhw a\pjys\ Xm≥ krjvSn®

tXm´Ønem°nbXv (Dev] 2,15), AXns\ kwc£n°m≥ (keep)am{Xa√, ê]pjvSam°m\pamWv (till). C{]Imcw sXmgnemfn

Ifpw hnZKv[tPmen°mcpw ""temIØns‚ LS\ \ne\n¿

Øp∂p'' ({]`m 38,34). krjvS{]]©sØ hnthI]q¿hw

hnIkn∏n°p∂XmWv AXnt\mSp IcpX¬ ]pe¿Øm\p≈

G‰hpw \√ am¿Kw. At∏mƒ Ahbn¬ ssZhwXs∂ \nthin

∏n®ncn°p∂ IgnhpIsf ]pdØpsIm≠phcm≥ AhnSpsØ

Icßfnse D]IcWßfmbn \Ωƒ amdp∂p. ""I¿Ømhv

`qanbn¬\n∂v Huj[ßƒ krjvSn®p; _p≤nbp≈h≥ Ahsb

AhKWn°pIbn√'' ({]`m 38,4).

125. X\n°p Np‰pap≈ temItØmSp a\pjy\p≈

icnbmb _‘sØ°pdn®v \Ωƒ hnNn¥\w \SØptºmƒ,

sXmgnens\°pdn®p≈ icnbmb [mcWbpsS Bhiyaps≠∂p

\Ωƒ ImWp∂p; a\pjy\pw hkvXp°fpw XΩnep≈ _‘

sØ°pdn®p kwkmcn°ptºmƒ, am\pjnI {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS

A¿∞e£yßsf°pdn®p≈ tNmZyapbcp∂p. ssIthebp

amtbm Im¿jnIthebpamtbm am{Xa√ CXp _‘s∏ńcn

°p∂Xv; {]XypX, \nehnep≈ bmYm¿∞ysØ sa®s∏Sp

104

Øp∂ GsXmcp {]hrØntbmSpw ˛ AXmbXv, Hcp kmaqlnI

dnt∏m¿´v Xømdm°p∂XpapX¬ GsX¶nepsamcp ]pXnb

kmt¶XnIhnZy hnIkn∏ns®Sp°p∂Xphscbp≈ GsXmcp

{]hrØntbmSpw ˛ _‘s∏´ncn°p∂p. F√m sXmgn¬cq]

ßƒ°pw ]n∂n¬ \ap°p D≠mImhp∂Xpw D≠mtI≠Xpamb

_‘sØ°pdn®p≈ ImgvN∏mSp≠v. hnip≤ {^m≥knkv

Akoknbn¬ ImWs∏Sp∂, krjvSnsb°pdn®p≈ hnkvab

]q¿Wamb [ym\tØmsSm∏wXs∂, ss{IkvXh Bflob

]mcºcyØnepw sXmgnens‚ A¿∞sØ°pdn®p≈ kº

∂hpw kaXpenXhpamb Hcp hnIknX [mcW \ap°p Is≠

Ømw. DZmlcWØn\v, hmgvØs∏´ Nmƒkv sZ ^pt°mbp

sSbpw injy∑mcpsSbpw PohnXØnenXp ImWmw.

126. k∂ymkØns‚ alØmb ]mcºcyØnepw CXp

ImWmhp∂XmWv. Bcw`Øn¬, AXp temIØn¬\n∂p≈

Hcp ]emb\ambncp∂p; \KcßfpsS Po¿WXbn¬\n∂p≈

Hcp c£s]Sembncp∂p. ssZhsØ I≠pap´m\p≈ DØa

ÿew acp`qanbmsW∂ t_m≤yØn¬ k∂ymknIƒ

AhntS°p t]mbn. t\m¿knbmbnse hnip≤ _\UnIvSv Xs‚

k∂ymknItfmSp {]m¿∞\bpw Bflobhmb\bpw ssIthe

tbmSp tbmPn∏n®psIm≠v kaqlPohnXw \bn°m≥

Bhiys∏´p (ora et labora). A≤zm\w Bflobm¿∞ap≈

XmsW∂ ImgvN∏mSv hnπhmflIambncp∂p. tPmenbpw

[ym\hpw XΩnep≈ ]ckv]c {]h¿Ø\ØnemWp hy‡n]c

amb hf¿®bpw hnip≤oIcWhpw tXtS≠nbncp∂Xv. CØc

-Ønep≈ sXmgne\p`hw \sΩ {]IrXntbmSp IqSpX¬

BZchpw IcpXepap≈hcm°p∂p; CXv temItØmSp≈

\ΩpsS _‘sØ {]im¥Xbm¬ \ndbv°p∂p.

127. ""F√mhn[ kmºØnI kmaqlnIPohXØns‚bpw

DdhnShpw tI{μhpw e£yhpw a\pjy\mWv'' F∂p \ap°

dnbmw100. F∂ncp∂mepw, [ym\n°m\pw BZcn°m\pap≈

a\pjys‚ Ignhn\p Hcn°¬ tIm´wX´nbm¬, sXmgnens‚

A¿∞w sX‰n≤cn°s∏Sm≥ hfsc Ffp∏amWv. 101 a\pjy¿°v

""AhcpsS `mKt[bw sa®s∏SpØm\pw [m¿anIhf¿®sb

XzcnXs∏SpØm\pw Bflobkn≤nIsf hnIkn∏n°m\pap≈

Ignhv'' Ds≠∂p \mtam¿°Ww 102. krjvSn]cX, `mhn]≤Xn

105


Xømdm°¬, IgnhpIsf hnIkn∏n°¬, aqeyßƒPohn°¬,

a‰p≈htcmSp _‘s∏S¬, ssZhsØ alXzs∏SpØ¬

XpSßn PohnXØns‚ hnhn[ am\ßƒ XΩn¬ kº¿°Øn¬

hcp∂ sXmgnembncn°Ww hy‡nhnImkØns‚ icnbmb

]›mØew. C∂sØ BtKmfkaqlØns‚ bmYm¿∞y

Øn¬, hn]WnbpsSbpw kμnKv≤amb kmºØnI Nn¥

bpsSbpw Xmev]cyßƒ F{X NpcpßnbXmbncp∂mepw,

""HmtcmcpØ¿°pw ÿncXbp≈ sXmgn¬ F∂ e£yØn\p

\nc¥cw {]mapJyw \evtI≠XmWv'' F∂v CXp hy‡am

°p∂p103.

128. sXmgnen\p≈ Hcp hnfntbmSpIqSnbmWp \Ωƒ

krjvSn°s∏´XpXs∂. a\pjytPmenbv°p ]Icambn IqSpX¬

kmt¶XnI ]ptcmKXnsb sIm≠phcp∂Xp a\pjyhwisØ

{]XnIqeambn _m[n°pw. sXmgn¬ A\nhmcyXbmWv; Cu

`qanbnse PohnXØns‚ A¿∞Øns‚ `mKamWv;

hf¿®bnte°pw a\pjyhnIk\Ønte°pw hy‡n]camb

kºq¿WXbnte°pap≈ ]mXbmWv. Zcn{Zsc AhcpsS

sRcp°Øn¬ kmºØnIambn klmbn°p∂Xv X¬°menI

]cnlmcambncn°Ww. hnimeamb e£yw, sXmgneneqsS

A¥km¿∂ PohnXØn\v Ahsc {]m]vXcm°pI F∂Xmbn

cn°Ww. F∂ncp∂mepw, a\pjy\p tPmen \jvSs∏Sp∂

hn[Ønep≈ b{¥hXv°cWØneqsS Dev]mZ\s®ehp

Ipdbv°p∂Xcw kmt¶XnI]ptcmKXnsbbmWp kmºØnI

hyhÿ A\pIqen°p∂Xv. \Ωƒ \aps°XncmbnØs∂

\nesIm≈p∂Xns‚ as‰mcpZmlcWamWnXv. sXmgn¬\jvSw,

kmaqlnI aqe[\Øns‚ h¿≤n® timjWwhgn kºZv

hyhÿbn¬ Zqjy^eßƒ Dfhm°p∂p. GsXmcp kmaqly

PohnXØn\pw AXy¥mt]£nXamb ]ckv]chnizmk

_‘ßƒ, B{ibXzw, \nbatØmSp≈ BZchv XpSßnb

hsb AXp _m[n°pIbpw sNøp∂p.104 a‰p hm°pIfn¬

]d™m¬, ""a\pjys‚ Zpc¥ßƒ kmºØnItaJebpsS

Zpc¥ßfmWv; kmºØnItaJebpsS Zpc¥ßƒ a\pjy

s‚Xpw.''105 {lkzIme kmºØnIt\´ßƒ e£ywh®p

a\pjytaJebn¬ \nt£]w \SØmXncn°p∂Xp

kaqlØn\p \∂√.

106

129 . sXmgn¬e`yX Dd∏phcpØm≥ Dev]mZ\

sshhn[ysØbpw {InbmflIhym]mcsØbpw A\pIqen°p∂

Hcp kºZvhyhÿsb t{]m’mln∏n°Ww. DZmlcWØn\v,

sNdnb Xp≠p `qanIƒ, ]gtØm´ßƒ, ]qt¥m´ßƒ F∂n

hnSßfntem \mbm´v, h\hn`hßfpsS tiJcWw, {]mtZinI

a’y_‘\w F∂o taJeIfntem BIs´, anXambn am{Xw

`qan D]tbmKn®pw G‰hpw Ipd®p amen\ywam{Xw D¬]mZn∏n®p

amWp sNdpInS ̀ t£ymXv]mZ\ kwhn[m\ßƒ temIØnse

Hcp henb ]¶p P\kaqlßsf Xo‰nt∏m‰p∂Xv. h≥InS

kºZvhyhÿIƒ, {]tXyIn®p Im¿jnItaJebnep≈h,

sNdpInS I¿jIcpsS `qan hnev°p∂Xnt\m, AhcpsS

]cºcmKX hnfIƒ Dt]£n°p∂Xnt\m CSbm°p∂p.

{]mtZinIhpw BtKmfhpamb hn]WntbmSp _‘s∏Sp∂Xp

ZpjvIcambXn\m¬, as‰mcp Dev]mZ\am¿Kw Is≠Øm\p≈

AhcpsS ]cn{iaw \njvêamIp∂p. hnev]\bpsSbpw

KXmKXØns‚bpw ASnÿm\kuIcyßƒ h≥InS

hym]mcØm¬ \nb{¥n°s∏Sp∂XpsIm≠pw CXp kw`hn

°mw. sNdpInS Dev]mZIscbpw hyXykvXamb Dev]mZ\

coXnIsfbpw ]n¥pWbv°m≥ i‡hpw hy‡hpamb \S]Sn

Iƒ kzoIcn°m\p≈ ISabpw AhImihpw ̀ cWm[nImcnIƒ

°p≠v. F√mh¿°pw ê{]Zamb hn[Øn¬ {]tbmP\saSp

°m≥ Ignbp∂ kmºØnI kzmX{¥yw Dd∏phcpØp∂Xn\v,

h≥ kmºØnI i‡nIƒ°pw IqSpX¬ hn`hßƒ ssIhi

ap≈h¿°pwta¬ CSbv°nsS \nb{¥Wßƒ G¿s∏SptØ≠n

ht∂°mw. Hcp hiØv, bYm¿∞ kmlNcyßƒ Hcp henb

hn`mKw Bƒ°mcpsSbpw kmºØnIkzmX{¥yØnte°p≈

{]thi\w XSbptºmƒ, sXmgn¬ km[yXIƒ Npcpßn

s°m≠ncn°ptºmƒ, kmºØnI kzmX{¥yØn\pth≠n

apdhnfn Iq´p∂Xp cmjv{SobØns‚ hnesISpØp∂ I]S

`mjWamWv. hym]mcw kmºØntImev]mZ\Ønte°pw

\ΩpsS temIØns‚ sa®s∏Sente°pw \bn°p∂ amlmXvay

ap≈ Hcp hnfnbmWv. sXmgn¬ Ahkcßƒ krjvSn°p∂Xp

s]mXp\∑bv°p sNøp∂ tkh\Øns‚ AhiyLSIambn

IW°m°n {]h¿Øn°ptºmƒ, B taJeIfn¬ hym]mcw

kar≤nbpsS ê{]Zamb DdhnSamImw.

107


B[p-\nI ssPhkmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-Iƒ

130. bp‡nbpsSbpw Adnhns‚bpw kn≤nIfp≈ a\pjy≥

{]IrXnbn¬\n∂v A\y\mbn am‰n\ndpØs∏tS≠h\s√∂p

a\pjys\°pdn®pw krjvSnsb°pdn®pw Rm\hXcn∏n®

XØzNn¥mssZhimkv{XZ¿i\ßfn¬\n∂p hy‡amWv.

a\pjyPohnXØn\p AXy¥mt]£nXamb kmlNcyßfn¬

kkyP¥pPmeßfn¬ CSs]SpI a\pjy\v A\phZ\ob

amsW¶n¬ ItØmen°mk`bpsS aXt_m[\{KŸw

]Tn∏n°p∂X\pkcn®v , arKßfnt∑ep≈ ]co£Ww

[m¿anIambn kzoImcyamIp∂Xv ""Ah bp‡nbv°ptN¿∂

]cn[nIƒ kq£n°pIbpw a\pjyPohnXßsf ]cn]men

°mt\m c£n°mt\m kw`mh\ \evIpIbpw sNøp∂psh¶n¬

am{XamWv.''106. aXt_m[\{KŸw a\pjym[nImcØn\p ]cn[n

Ifps≠∂p Xd∏n®p ]dbp∂p. ""arKßƒ°v A\mhiyambn

kl\tam acWtam D≠m°p∂Xp a\pjyamlmflyØn\p

hncp≤amb {]hrØnbmWv. '' 107 A{]Imcap≈ F√m

D]tbmKhpw ]co£Whpw krjvSnbpsS ka{KXtbmSv

aXmflIamb BZchv Bhiys∏Sp∂p.108

131. CØcpWØn¬ hn. tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠m-as‚ k¥p-

en-X-amb \ne]m-Sns\ Hm¿Ωn°pIbmWvv. ""ssZh-Øns‚ krjvSn-

I¿Ω-Øn¬ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-tØmsS ]¶p-tN-cm-\p≈ a\p-jys‚

hnfn-bpsS alm-fly-Øns‚ sXfn-hmWv imkv{X-˛kmt¶-Xn-I

]ptcmKXnbpsS {]tbmP\ßƒ'' F∂pd∏n®p ]d™t∏mƒ

Xs∂ ""BhmkhyhÿbpsS HcnSsØ am\pjnI

{]h¿Ø\ßfpsS ]cnWnX êßƒ a‰nSßfn¬ F{]Imcw

_m[n°p∂psh∂p {i≤n°msX CSs]S¬ \SØn°qSm''109

F∂pw At±lw ]dbp∂p≠v. ""X∑m{XmPohimkv{XØns‚

XØzßfnepw {]tbmKßfnepw \n∂pfhmIp∂ {]tbmP\

ßsf Xncpk` hneaXn°p∂p'' F∂t±lw Nq≠n°mń.

""A\p_‘imkv{XimJbmb P\nXIimkv{XsØbpw Irjn

bnepw hyhkmbØnepw''110 AXns‚ {]tbmKØn¬\n∂p≠mb

kXvêßsfbpw hneaXn°ptºmƒXs∂, AXp ""Zqjyê

ßƒ AhKWn®psIm≠p≈ hnthN\mclnXamb P\nXI

ssIISØepIfnte°p \bn°cpXv.''111 a\pjys‚ krjvSn

108

]cXsb ASn®a¿Øm\mhn√. Hcp IemImcs‚/IemImcnbpsS

krjvSn]cX D]tbmKn°p∂Xn¬\n∂v B hy‡nsb

XSbm\mhmØXpt]mse, imkv{Xkmt¶XnI ]ptcmKXn°p

D]Icn°p∂ {]tXyI kn≤nIfp≈hsc B kn≤nIfpsS˛ a‰p

≈hcpsS \∑bv°pth≠n ssZhw \evInb ˛ D]tbmKØn¬

\n∂p XSbm\mhn√. i‡nbpw A]ISkm[yXbpap≈ Cu

am\pjnI{]hrØnbpsS e£yßƒ, ]cnWnX^eßƒ,

kºq¿W]›mØew, [m¿anI]cn[n F∂nhsb°pdn®p \Ωƒ

XpS¿®mbn ]p\¿hnNmcw sNøWw.

132. ]Zm¿∞Øn¬ k∂nlnXambncn°p∂ km[yXIsf

NqjWwsNøp∂Xn\v ssPhkmt¶XnIhnZybp]tbmKn®v

P\nXIam‰w hcpØp∂, kkyP¥pPmeßfnep≈ a\pjys‚

CSs]Sens\ kw_‘n®nStØmfw, ]cnNn¥\Øn\p≈

icnbmb N´°qSv CXmWv. hnizmkw bp‡nbv°p \evIp∂

BZchv, kmºØnIXmev]cyßfm¬ kzm[o\n°s∏SmØ

KthjWØm¬, ssPhLS\, AXns‚ km[yXIƒ,

hyXnbm\ßƒ F∂nhsb°pdn®p Pohimkv{Xw \sΩ F¥p

]Tn∏n°ps∂∂p {i≤m]q¿hw ho£n°m≥ \sΩ £Wn

°p∂p. ""{]IrXnsb ssZhØns‚ krjvSn F∂ \nebn¬°≠v

AXns‚ X\Xp ]mXbnep≈ hnIk\Øn\v A\pIqeambXp

sNøp∂Xp am{XamWp \ymbamb CSs]S¬.''112.

133. P\n-X-I-am-‰-sØ-°p-dn®v (kky˛ P¥ptaJebn

embmepw sshZyimkv{X˛ Im¿jnI taJebnembmepw) Hcp

s]mXp hnebncpØ¬ \S-ØpI Zpjv°c-am-Wv. ImcWw, Ah

XΩn¬ _rl-Ømb hyXymkßfp≈XpsIm≠v {]tXyIw

{]tXy-I-ambn ]cm-a¿i-hn-j-b-am-tI-≠Xm-Wv. F√mbvt∏mgpw Cu

taJebnse A]ISkm[yXIƒ D]tbmKn°s∏Sp∂

kt¶Xw aqe-a-√, adn®v AhbpsS A\p-Nn-Xhpw AanXhpamb

{]tbm-KwaqeamWv. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ P\n-X-I-am‰w {]Ir-Xn-bn¬

Xs∂ kw`-hn-®n´p≠v, XpS-cp∂pap≠v. am\p-jnI CS-s]-S-ep-I-

fn-eq-sS-bp≈ P\nXIam‰-ßƒ Hcp B[p-\nI {]Xn-`m-k-hp-a-√.

BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ ]c-º-cm-K-X-ambn AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-́ -Xmb arK-

ßsf sacp-°n-sb-Sp-°¬, k¶-ch¿KßfpsS D¬]mZ\w

XpSßnbh DZmlcWßfmWv. `£y[m\yßfpsS P\n-X-I-am-

109


‰-Øn-\m-bp-≈ imkv{Xob hnI-k\w Bcw-̀ n-°p-∂Xv, sNSn-bpsS

P\n-X-I-L-S-\-bn-¬ kzm`m-hn-I-ambn -am‰w hcp-Øp∂ _mIvSo-

cn-b-Isf Is≠-Øn-b-tXm-sS-bm-sW∂p \mw Hm¿-°-Ww. At\I

\q‰m-≠p-I-fn-eq-sS-bp≈ imkv{Xo-b-h-f¿®-bn¬\n∂p cq]w

sIm≠, B[p\nI kmt¶XnI]ptcmKXn hcpØnØo¿Ø

{ZpXKXnbnep≈ C∂sØ P\nXIam‰hpambn XmcXay

s∏SpØptºmƒ, {]Ir-Xn-bnse P\n-X-I-am-‰w hfsc kmh-

[m\amWp kw`hn°p∂Xv.

134. P\n-X-I-am‰w hcp-Ønb ̀ £y-[m-\y-ß-fpsS D]-tbmKw

a\p-jy-i-co-c-Øn\p lm\n-I-c-am-sW-∂-Xn\p hy‡-amb sXfn-

hp-Iƒ C√. Ch-bpsS D]-tbmKw Nne {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ kmº-

Øn-I-h-f¿®-sIm-≠p-h-cp-hm\pw CXp-hgn {]iv\-ßsf ]cn-l-cn-

°m\pw km[n-®n-´p-≠v. F∂n-cp-∂mepw, Cu taJebn¬ \ne

\nev°p∂ {][m-\-s∏-´- Nne {]iv\-ß-sf- A-h-K-Wn-°m\mhn√.-

]e ÿe-ß-fnepw CØcw hnf-Iƒ {]NmcØnembtXmsS

hnf`qan GXm\pw DSaIfpsS ssIbn¬ tI{μoIcn°m\nSbmbn.

ImcWw, sNdpInS I¿jIcpsS {ItaWbp≈ ]n≥am‰sØ

XpS¿∂v DXv]m-Z-\-`qan Nne kº∂ DS-a-I-fpsS Iøn¬ tI{μo-

I-cn-°-s∏-´p. CØc°mcm¬ ""NqjWw sNøs∏´ Irjn-bn-S-

ß-fpsS \jvS-s∏-S¬aqeamWp sNdp-In-S-I¿j-I¿°p t\cn-́ p≈

DXv]m-Z-\-Øn¬\n∂p ]n∑m-td-≠n-h-∂Xv.''113. Ch-cn¬ sImSnb

IjvS-Xsb t\cn-´-h¿ XmXvIm-en-I -sXm-gn-em-fn-Ifmhp-Ibpw

\nch[n {KmaoWtPmen-°m¿ tPmen aXn-bm°n Zmcn{Zyw sImSn-

IpØn hmWn-cp∂ \K-c-{]-tZ-i-ß-fn-te°p IpSn-tb-dp-Ibpw

sNbvXp. CØcw hnf-I-fpsS hym]-\w, Ct∏mƒ As√-¶n¬

`mhn-bn¬, {]Ir-Xn-bpsS _lp-h¿WsØ \in-∏n-°p-Ibpw DXv]m-

Z-\-Øns‚ hyXy-kvX-X-Isf Ipd-bv°p-Ibpw {]mtZ-inI kº-

ZvL-S-\sb _m[n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. hnhn[ cmPy-ß-fn¬ `£y-

[m-\y-ß-fpsS DXv]m-Z-\hpw Ah-bpsS Irjn°mh-iy-amb- h-

kvXp-°-fpsS \n¿an-Xn-bpw Npcp-°w -Nn-e¿ \nb-{¥n-°p∂

Ahÿ hf-cp-∂p≠v. {]Xypev]m-Z-\-ti-jn-bn-√mØ hnØpIƒ

DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°s∏Sp∂bnSßfn¬ B{i-bXzw hf-sc D-b¿∂ Xe-

Øn-te-s°-Øpw. AXns‚ ̂ eambn CØcw hnØp-Iƒ°mbn

sNdp-InS DXv]m-Z-I¿ h≥In-S-°msc B{i-bn-t°-≠-Xmbpw

hcp-∂p.

110

135. Xo¿®-bmbpw CØcw {]iv\-ßsf°pdn®p \nc¥c

Pm{KXbpw AhbpsS [m¿an-I-X-e-ß-sf--∏‰n {i≤bpap≠m

bncn°Ww. e`yamb F√m Adnhpw kw`cn°m\pw hnjbßsf

t]sc-Sp-Øp-]-cm-a¿in°m\pw tijnbp≈ hnim-ehpw DØ-c-

hm-ZnXz--]q¿Whpw imkv{Xo-bhpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb Hcp kwhm-

Zw \St°≠Xp≠v. Nne-b-h-k-c-ßfn-se-¶nepw kºq¿W-amb

hnh-c-ßƒ N¿®-bv°p -h-cm-dn-√. cmjv{Sob]ctam kmº-Øn-I-

]ctam Bi-b-]ctam Bb {]tXyI XmXv]-cy-Øns‚ t]cn¬

Nne-Xv Hgn-hm-°s∏Sp-∂p. C°mcWØm¬ hnhn[ {]iv\ßsf

°pdn®v, {]k-‡-amb hkvXp-X-Isf Dƒs∏Sp-Øn-s°m≠p≈,

k¥p-en-X-hpw- hn-th-I-]q¿h-hp-amb hnebncpØ¬ Zpjv°cam

Ip∂p. t\cnt´m A√m-sXtbm {]iv\w _m[n-®-h-cp-am-bn (I¿j-

I¿, D]-t`m-‡m-°ƒ, cmjv{Sobm[n-Im-cn-Iƒ, imkv{X-⁄¿,

hnØpXv]m-Z-I¿, aen-\-s∏´ Irjn-bn-S-ßƒ°SpØv Xma-kn-°p-

∂-h¿ XpS-ßn-b-h¿) N¿®-Iƒ \S-tØ-≠Xv A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.

AXp-hgn Ah-cpsS {]iv\-ßfpw BIpeXIfpw Adn-bm\pw

Ct∏mgsØbpw `mhnbnsebpw s]mXp\∑bv°v Bhiyamb

Xocpam\ßƒ FSp°p∂Xn\p ]cym-]vXhpw hniz-k-\o-b-hp-amb

hnhcw kamlcn°m\pw Ignbp∂p. CsXmcp k¶o¿Wamb ]cn-

ÿnXn {]iv\-am-Wv. CsX°pdn®v ]pXpshfn®w ]Icp∂Xn\p

klmbIamIp∂ KthjWßƒ°v BhiyIamb kmºØnI

]n¥pW \evIms\¶nepw Ignbp∂ Hcp ka{Kkao]\w

BhiyamWv.

111


136. imkv{XobKth-j-W-ßƒ°v Nne ]cn[nIƒ

\n›bn°Wsa∂p hmZn°p∂ Nne ]cnÿnXnkwLS\Iƒ

{]IrXnbpsS ka{KX kwc£n°ptºmƒ, CtX XØzßƒ

a\pjyPohnXØn\p _m[Iam°m≥ ]cmPbs∏Sp∂p. F√m

]cn[nIsfbpw ewLn°p∂ ]co£Wßƒ Poh\p≈

a\pjy{`qWßfn¬ \SØp∂Xns\ \ymboIcn°m\p≈ Hcp

{]hWX ImWp∂p≠v. Hcp a\pjyhy‡nbpsS A\ym[o\s∏Sp

Øm\mhmØ aqeyw AXns‚ hf¿®bpsS hnhn[ AhÿIsf

AXnibn°p∂XmsW∂p \Ωƒ ad°m≥ ]mSn√. AtX

coXnbn¬ kmt¶XnIhnZy {][m\s∏´ [m¿anI XØzßsf

AhKWn°ptºmƒ F√mw \nbam\pkrXambn KWn°p∂p.

Cu A≤ymbØn¬ I≠Xpt]mse, [m¿anIXbn¬\n∂p

th¿s]SpØs∏´ kmt¶XnIhnZy AXns‚ Xs∂ A[nImc

Øn\p ]cn[n \n¿Wbn°m≥ Ignhn√mØXmbnØocpw.

112

A≤ymbw 4

ka{K]cn-ÿnXnimkv{Xw

137. kI-eXpw ]c-kv]cw KmV-ambn _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-

∂-Xn-\mepw BtKmf{]-Xn-k-‘n-bpsS Htcm hihpw IW-°n-

se-Sp-°m≥ {]m]vX-amb Hcp Z¿i-\-Øn-te°v C∂ns‚ {]iv\-

ßƒ \sΩ £Wn-°p-∂-Xn-\mepw, am\p-jnI kmaq-lnI am\-

ßsf hy‡-ambn BZ-cn -°p∂ Hcp ka-{K -] -cn -

ÿnXnimkv{XØns‚ Nne LS-I-ßƒ \man-t∏mƒ ]cnKWn°-

W-sa∂p Rm≥ \n¿t±-in-°p-∂p.

I. kmº-ØnI kmaq-lnI ]cn-ÿnXn imkv{Xw

138. Poh-Pm-e-ßfpw Ah hnImkw {]m]n-°p∂ ]cn-

ÿn-Xnbpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-sØ-°p-dn®mWp ]cn -ÿn-

Xnimkv{Xw ]T\w \S-Øp-∂Xv. Pohs‚bpw kaq-l-Øns‚bpw

\ne-\nev]n\v Bh-iy-amb kml-N-cy-ß-sfbpw Nne hnI-k\˛

DXv]m-Z\˛D]-t`mK amXr-I-Isf tNmZyw sNøm≥ Bhiy-amb

kXy-k-‘-X-sbbpw Ipdn-®p≈ hnNn-¥-\hpw kwhm-Zhpw CXv

A\n-hm-cy-am°p∂p. F{]-Im-c-am-Wv k-I-eXpw ]c-kv]cw _‘-

s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂Xv th≠-{X FSp-Øp-Im-´pI Akm-[y-am-Wv.

ÿeIme-ßƒ H∂p at‰-Xn¬\n∂pw kzX-{¥-a-√. B‰-ßtfm

D]˛Bt‰m-anI LS-I-ßtfmt]mepw H‰-Xncn®p ]cnKWn°pI

hø. `qtKm-f-Øns‚ ssPh-cm-k˛ùXnIXe-ßƒ XΩn¬ _‘-

s∏-́ n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse, ssPh-h¿K-ßsf√mw Hcn-°epw ]q¿Æ-

ambn ]cy-th-jWw \S-Ømt\m a\-kn-em-°nsbSp°mt\m Ign-

bmØ Hcp irJ-e-bpsS `mK-am-Wv. \ΩpsS P\n-XIkwJy-bpsS

Hcp \√ `mKw ]e Pohn-Ifpw ]¶p-h-bv°p-∂p-≠v. hn⁄m\-

Øns‚ XcwXncnhpIfpw \pdpßdn-hp-IfpsS th¿Xncn°epIfpw

Ah bmYm¿∞y-Øns‚ hnime Z¿i-\-Øn-te°v ka-\z-bn-∏n-

°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬ bYm¿∞-Øn¬ A⁄-X-bpsS Hcp cq]-am-bn-

Øo-cm\nS-bp-≠v.

113


139. ]cn-ÿn-Xnsb°pdn®p kwkm-cn-°p-tºmƒ \mw

icn°pw A¿∞-am-°p-∂Xp {]Ir-Xnbpw AXn¬ hkn-°p∂

kaq-lhpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-sØ-bm-Wv. \Ωn¬\n∂pw hn`n-∂-

amb H∂mtbm \mw Pohn-°p∂ shdpsamcp ÿe-amtbm {]Ir-

Xnsb ImWm≥ ]mSn-√. \mw {]Ir-Xn-bpsS `mK-am-Wv, \maXn¬

DƒtN¿∂n-cn-°p∂p. AXn-\m¬ {]Ir-Xn-bp-ambn ÿnc-k-º¿°-

Øn-em-Wp \Ωƒ. Hcp {]tZiw F¥p-sIm≠p aen-\-ambn F∂-

Xns‚ Imc-W-ßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ B kaq-l-Øns‚ {]h¿Ø-

\-ßƒ, AXns‚ kmº-ØnIÿnXn, s]cpam‰-co-Xn-Iƒ, AXp

bmYm¿∞ysØ a\- n-em-°p∂ coXnIƒ F∂n-hsb°pdn-®p≈

]T\w BhiyamWv. h≥tXmXnep≈ am‰w kw`hn°p∂

Xn\m¬ {]iv\-Øns‚ Htcm `mK-Øns‚bpw IrXyhpw hI-Xn-

cn-®p-≈-Xp-amb DØcw \¬IpI km[y-a-√. {]IrXnkwhn-[m-\-

ßƒ XΩnepw kmaq-lnI kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ XΩn-epap≈

kº¿°-ßƒ ]cn-K-Wn-®p≈ hym]-I-amb ]cn-lmcßƒ At\z-

jn-°p-I-bmWv k¿Δ{][m-\w. ]mcn-ÿn-XnIsa∂pw kmaq-ln-

I-sa∂pw c≠p hyXykvX {]Xn-k-‘n-If√ \Ωƒ A`n-ap-Jo-I-

cn-°p-∂-Xv; ]ns∂tbm kmaq-lnIhpw ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-I-hp-amb

Htcsbmcp k¶o¿Æ {]Xn-k-‘n-bm-Wv. {]iv\]cn-lm-c-Øn\p

th≠nbp≈ am¿Kßƒ, Zmcn-{ZysØ FXn-cn-Sm\pw ]pd-w

X≈s∏ -́h-cpsS alXzw ]p\x-ÿm-]n-°m\pw AtXkabw ]cn-

ÿn-Xnsb kwc-£n-°m\pwth≠n-bp≈ Hcp ka-{K-amb kao-

]\w Bhiys∏S∂p.

140. Hcp {]tXyI ]≤XnbpsS ]mcn-ÿn-XnI {]Xym-

LmXßƒ \n¿Wbn-°p-tºmƒ AXnse LSIß-fpsS FÆhpw

sshhn-[yhpw IW-°n-se-Sp-t°-≠-Xn-\m¬, Kth-j-I¿°v

AhcpsS ]ckv]chyhlmcw hf¿Øm\pw Ah¿°p

hnimeamb A°mZanI kzmX{¥yw Dd∏phcpØm\pambn,

Ahc¿ln-°p∂ {]m[m\yw Ah¿°p \evtI-≠Xv AXy¥m

t]£nXamWv. Bhmkhyhÿ (ecosystem) F∂dnbs∏Sp∂

IqSpX¬ henb LS-I-ß-fpsS \n¿Ωn-Xnbv°v hnhn[ krjvSn-

Iƒ Fßs\ ]c-kv]cw _‘-s∏-Sp∂p F∂-Xn-s\°pdn®p

]q¿hm-[nIw sa®-s∏´ Hcp [mcW XpS¿Kth-j-W-ß-ƒhgn

\ap°p e`n°Ww. \Ωƒ Cu BhmkhyhÿIsf IW-°n-

se-Sp-°p-∂Xv Ah F{X D]-tbm-K-{]-Z-amWv F∂v \n¿W-bn-

114

°m≥th≠n am{X-a-√. adn®v, Ah-bpsS D]-tbm-KØ-n¬\n∂p

kzX-{¥-amb Hcp B¥-cnIaqeyw Ahbv°v D≈-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv.

Htcm Pohnbpw ssZh-Øns‚ krjvSn F∂ \ne-bn¬ \√Xpw

AXn¬Øs∂ {]iw-km¿l-hp-am-Wv; Hcp \n¿±njvS ÿeØp

\ne-\nev°p-Ibpw Hcp Bhmkhyhÿbmbn {]h¿Øn°p-Ibpw

sNøp∂ Pohn-I-fpsS tbmPn-∏ns‚ Imcy-Ønepw CXp icn-bm-

Wv. \Ωƒ ]e-t∏mgpw CXns\°pdn®p t_m[-hm∑mc--s√-¶nepw

\ΩpsS \ne\nev∏n\pth≠n Cu henb kwhn-[m-\-ßsf \Ωƒ

B{i-bn-°p-∂p. Im¿_¨ ssU HmIvssk-Uns\ hnL-Sn-∏n-

°p-∂-Xnepw sh≈w ip≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xnepw kmw{I-anItcmK-

ß-fpw hym[n-Ifpw \nb-{¥n-°p-∂-Xnepw aÆp cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-

Xnepw amen\yw C√m-Xm-°p-∂-Xnepw \Ωƒ Adn-bm-Xn-cn-°p-

∂tXm I≠ns√∂p \Sn°p∂tXm Bb a‰p ]e hgn-I-

fnepw BhmkhyhÿIƒ Fßs\-bmWp ]c-kv]cw

{]h¿Øn-°p-∂-sX∂p \Ωƒ Hm¿sØ-Sp-t°≠ Bh-iy-ta-bp-

≈q. Hcn-°¬ CtX-°p-dn®v Ah-t_m-[-ap-≠m-Ip-tºmƒ, \Ωƒ

Pohn-°p-Ibpw {]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv \ΩpsS \ne-

\nev∏n\pw kn≤n-Iƒ°pw apºp≈Xpw \ap°p ap≥Iq-dmbn \¬I-

s∏-́ -Xp-amb Hcp bmYm¿∞y-Øns‚ ASnÿm-\-Øn-emWv F∂p

Xncn-®-dn-bp∂p. AXp-sIm≠p kpÿn-c-amb D]-tbm-K-sØ-°p-

dn®p kwkm-cn-°p-tºmƒ, Htcm BhmkhyhkvYbpsSbpw

]p\cp÷oh\Øn\p≈ tijnbv°v, AXns‚ {]tZia\pk

cn®pw khntijXb\pkcn®ap≈ ]cn-K-W\ \evIWw.

141. {]h-N-\-hn-t[-b-amb {]Xn-I-c-W-ßƒ Df-hm-°m\pw

\S-]-Sn-{I-a-ßƒ eLq-I-cn-°p-I, hne Ipd-bv°pI F∂o e£y-

ßtfmsS Nne tXmXp-I-ƒ G¿s∏-Sp-Øp-hm\pw kmº-ØnI

hf¿® {]h-WX ImWn-°p-∂p. CXp bmYm¿-∞y-Øns‚ hnime

ho£-W-Øn-te°v BI¿jn-°m≥ {]m]vX-amb Hcp ""kmº-

ØnI ]cn-ÿnXnimkv{Xw'' Bh-iys∏Sp∂p. hkvXpXm]-c-

ambn ]cn-ÿn-Xn-kw-c-£Ww ""hnI-k-\-{]-{In-b-bpsS Ahn-`m-

Py-L-S-Ihpw AXn¬\n∂pw th¿s∏-SpØn Nn¥n-°p-hm≥ Ign-

bm-Ø-Xp-am-Wv.''114 IqSp-X¬ ka-{Khpw DZv{KY\]chpamb Hcp

Z¿i-\-Øn\p kmº-Øn-I-imkv{Xw Dƒs∏-sSbp≈ hyXykvX

hn⁄m\ afi-eßsf H∂n-®p-sIm-≠p-h-cp-hm≥ ]cym-]vXamb

Hcp am\hnIX (humanism) \ap°v ASn-b-¥-c-ambn Bh-iy-ap≠v.

115


C∂p ]mcn-ÿn-XnI {]iv\-ß-fpsS hni-I-e\w am\p-jnIhpw

IpSpw-_-]-chpw sXmgn¬]-chpw \mK-cnI-]-›m-Ø-e-hp-ambn

_‘-s∏-´-Xp-amb hni-Ie-\-Øn¬\n∂pw th¿Xn-cn-°m-\m-hn-√.

hy‡n-Iƒ°p a‰p-≈-h-tcmSpw ]cn-ÿn-Xn-tbmSpap≈ _‘w

Fßs\ Bbn-cn-°-W-sa∂p \n›bn°p-∂, Ah¿°v Ah-tcmSp

Xs∂-bp≈ _‘hpw Cu hni-I-e-\-Øn¬ \n∂v Hgn-hm-°m-

\m-hn-√. BhmkhyhÿIfpw kmaq-ln-I-k-º¿°Øns‚

hnhn[ taJeIfpw XΩn-ep≈ ]c-kv]c_‘w ""kakvXw Awi-

tØ-°mƒ hep-Xm-Wv'' (the whole is greater than the part)115 F∂v

ho≠pw Nq≠n-Im-Wn-°p-∂p.

142. kI-eXpw ]c-kv]c _‘n-X-sa-¶n¬, kmaq-lnI

ÿm]-\-ß-ƒ ]cn-ÿnXnbnepw a\p-jy-Po-hs‚ KpW-ta-∑-bnepw

]cn-WnX ^e-ßfpf-hm-°pw. sFIy-Zm¿VyØn-s‚bpw ]uc-

ku-lr-Z-Øn-s‚bpw GsXmcp ewL-\hpw ]cn-ÿn-Xnsb apdn-

s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.116 Cu A¿∞Øn¬, kmaq-ln-I-]-cn-ÿnXn Ahiyw

ÿm]-\-]-c-am-Wv. CXp {ItaW kaq-l-w apgp-h\nte°pw

hym]n°p-∂p; -A-Xm-bXv, kaqlØns‚ ASnÿm\ LSI-amb

IpSpw-_-Øn¬\n∂pw IqSpX¬ hnim-e-amb {]mtZ-inI, tZiob,

A¥¿tZ-iob kaq-l-ß-fn-te°v hym]n°p∂p. Hmtcm kaq-l-

]m-fn-°p-≈nepw Ah- XΩnepw, a\p-jy-_-‘-ßsf \nb-{¥n-

°m≥ ÿm]-\-ßƒ hnImkw {]m]n-°p-∂p. B ÿm]-\-ßsf

Zp¿_-e-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv F¥p-X-s∂-bm-bmepw A\o-Xn,- A-{Iaw

kzmX{¥y\jvSw XpS-ßn-b \ntj-[m-fl-I {]Xym-Lm-X-ßƒ Df-

hm-°p-∂p. ]e cmPy-ß-fp-sSbpw ÿm]-\-]-c-amb ]cym-]vXX

Bt]-£n-I-ambn Xmgv∂ \ne-bn-ep-≈-XmWv. Cu kml-N-cy-

Øn¬\n∂pw em`-sa-Sp-°p-∂-h¿°v CXp {]tbm-P-\-I-c-am-bn-cn-

°p-tºmgpw Ahn-sS-bp≈ P\-ßƒ°v CXv henb {]iv\-ßƒ°p

Imc-W-am-Ip-∂p. cmPy-`c-W-Øn-em-bmepw ]uc-k-aq-l-Øns‚

hnhn[ \ne-I-fn-em-bmepw hy‡n-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ _‘-ß-fn-

em-bmepw \nb-a-tØm-Sp≈ A\m-Z-chv k¿Δ-km[m-c-W-am-bn-s°m-

≠n-cn-°p-∂p.- \n-b-a-ßƒ \∂mbn cq]-I-ev]\ sNøs∏´mepw

Poh\‰ A£-c-ambn Ah-ti-jn -°p-∂p. Cß-s\-bp≈

kmlNcyß--fn¬ ]cn-ÿn-Xnsb kw_-‘n® \nb-a-\n¿am-Whpw

N´-ßfpw ^e-{]-Z-am-Ip-sa∂p \Ωƒ {]Xo-£n-t°-≠-Xpt≠m?

DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v, h\-kw-c-£-W-sØ-°p-dn®p hy‡-amb \nb-

116

a\n¿ΩmWw \S -Øn -bn -´p≈ cmPy -ßfn¬ \nb-a -ßƒ

Bh¿Øn®p ewLn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xp \niv_-Z-ambn t\m°n-

\n¬°p∂Xp \ap°v Ad-nhp-≈-XmWv. k¿tΔm-]cn, GsX-¶n-

ep-samcp ÿeØp kw -̀hn-°p-∂Xn\p as‰-hn-S-sb¶nepw kw`hn-

°p-∂-hsb t\cnt´m A√m-sXtbm kzm[o-\n-°m≥ Ignbpw. DZm-

l-c-W-Øn\v, kº∂kaq-l-ß-fnse h¿≤n® D]-t`mKw

Zcn{ZtaJeIfn¬\n∂p≈ hn`hßfpsS h¿≤n® Bhiy

IXsb krjvSn°p∂p. AhnsSbmIs´, XI¿∂ PohnXßfpw

aen-\-s∏´ kz`mhßfpw \in®psIm≠ncn°p∂ ]cnÿnXnbp

amWp≈Xv.

II. kmwkvImcnI ]cn-ÿnXnimkv{Xw

143. {]Ir-Xn-bmIp∂ ss]Xr-I-tØmsSm∏w ̀ ojWn t\cn-

´psIm≠n-cn-°p∂ Ncn-{X-]-chpw Iem-]-chpw kmkv°m-cn-I-hp-

amb as‰mcp ss]Xr-I-hpap-≠v. Cu ss]XrIw Htcm ÿe-Øn-

s‚bpw ]¶p-sh-bv°-s∏´ A\-\y-X-bpsS `mKhpw hmk-tbm-Ky-

amb \K-cw ]Wn-bm-\p≈ ASnØdbp-amWv. CXp tIhew

\Kcßƒ s]mfn-®p-am-‰pIbpw, ]pdta ]cnÿnXntbmSv BZchp

s≠∂p tXm∂n∏n°p∂Xpw F∂m¬ H´pwXs∂ hmktbmKy

a√mØXpamb ]pXnb \K-c-ßƒ \n¿Ωn°p-Ibpw sNøp∂X√.

adn®v, Hmtcm {]tZ-iØns‚bpw bYm¿∞ A\\y-X Im-Øp-kq-

£n-°m≥ Ahn-SpsØ Ncn-{Xw, kwkv°m-cw, hmkvXp-hnZy Ch

kwtbm-Pn-∏n-t°-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v G‰hpw hnim-

e-amb A¿∞-Øn¬, a\p-jy-Ip-e-Øns‚ kmwkv°m-cn-I-\n-t£-

]-ßƒ kwc-£n-°pI F∂Xpw ]cn-ÿnXn hn⁄m-\o-b-Øn¬

Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. Ipd-®p-IqSn IrXy-ambn ]d-™m¬, ]mcn-ÿn-XnI

{]iv\-ßƒ ]Tn°ptºmƒ, imkv{X-km-t¶XnI`mjbpw P\-ß-

fpsS `mjbpw XΩn-ep≈ kwhm-ZsØ A\p-Iq-en°pIbpw

{]mtZ-inI kwkv°m-c-ßƒ°p henb {]m[m\yw \evI-pIbpw

sNøWw. kmwkv°mcsa∂Xp ̀ qX-Ime-Øp-\n∂p \ap°v Ah-

Im-i-ambn e`n®h- am{Xa√, adn®v, F√m‰nepap]cnbmbn,

kPohhpw Du¿Pkzehpw ]¶mfnØ]chpamb h¿Øam\Ime

bmYm¿∞yamWv. a\pjyIpehpw {]Ir-Xnbpw XΩn-ep≈

_‘sØ°p-dn-®v ]p\¿hnNmcw \SØptºmƒ Cu bmYm¿∞y

sØ Hgnhm°n \n¿Øm\pamhn√.

117


144. C∂sØ BtKm-f-h-XvIrXkºZvhyhÿbm¬

t{]m’m-ln∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ a\p-jy-hw-i-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ D]-t`m-

K-]-c-amb Hcp ImgvN-∏mSv, am\-h-Ip-e-Øns‚ ss]XrIkzØmb

kwkv°m-c-ßsf AXns‚ _rlØmb hyXn-c‡-Xsb C√m-

Xm-°p∂ Xc-Øn¬ Htc \ne-bn-em-°n-Xo¿°p-∂p. F√m {]iv\-

ßfpw sFIy-cq-]-ap≈ N´-ß-fn-eq-sStbm kmt¶-XnI CS-]m-Sp-

I-fn-eq-sStbm ]cn-l-cn-°m-\p≈ ]cn-{i-a-ßƒ, ]cnlmcØn\v

kaq-l-Ønse F√m hy‡n-I-fp-sSbpw kPoh`mK`mKnXzw Bh-

iyap≈ {]mtZ-inI {]iv\-ß-fpsS k¶o¿WXIsf I≠ns√∂p

\Sn°p∂-Xn-te°v \-bn-°mw. ]pXn-b- {]-{Inb-Iƒ ]pd-Øp-\n∂pw

Cd-°p-aXn sNbvX N´-Iq-Sp-Iƒ°v F√m-bvt∏mgpw ]mI-amIn-√;

Ah {]mtZ-inI kwkv°m-c-Øn¬ Xs∂ Dd-∏n-°-s∏-tS≠Xv

Bh-iy-am-Wv. Pohn-Xhpw temIhpw Ne-\m-flI bmYm¿∞y-

ß-fm-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse, temI-Øn\p th≠n-bp≈ \ΩpsS

Icp-X¬ hg-°-ap-≈Xpw Ne-\m-fl-Ihpw Bbn-cn-°Ww. tIhew

kmt¶-Xn-I-amb ]cn-lm-c-ßƒ, e£-W-ßsf am{Xw A`nap-Jo-

I-cn-°p-Ibpw IqSp-X¬ Kuc-h-amb ASn-ÿm\ {]iv\-ßsf Ah-

K-Wn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI-sb∂ A]-ISw t]dp-∂p. P\-X-I-fp-sSbpw

kwkv°m-c-ß-fp-sSbpw Ah-Im-i-ßsf am\n-t°-≠XmWv. Hcp

kmaqlnIkwLØns‚ hnImkØn\p≈ ap∂p]m[n CXmWv:

AXp cq]wsIm≈p∂Xv AXmXp {]mtZinI P\XbpsS X\Xp

kwkvImcØn\p≈n¬ \n∂psIm≠p≈ \nc¥camb kPoh

kº¿°whgnbmWv. Cu hkvXpX AwKoIcn°s∏tS≠Xp

amWv. PohnX KpW-ta∑ F∂ Bibw ]pd-sa-\n∂v ASn-t®¬∏n-

°m≥ Ign-bn-√. ImcWw, PohnXta∑ a\ nem°s∏tS≠Xv,

AXmXp kaq-l-Øns‚ X\Xmb {]Xo-I-ß-fp-sSbpw BNm-c-

ß-fp-sSbpw temI-Øp-\n-∂pw thWw.

145. ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bpsS NqjW-Øn-s‚bpw Xcw-Xm-gvØ-en-

s‚bpw Xo{hamb hnhn[ cq]-ßƒ {]mtZ-inI kaq-l-ßƒ°p

Poh-k-‘m-c-W-Øn-\p≈ hI \evIp∂ hn`-h-ßsf D]-tbm-Kn-

®p-Xo¿°pI am{X-a√ kmwkvIm-cnI X\n-a-sbbpw Pohn-X-Øn-

s‚bpw kaq-l-Øn-s‚bpw A¿∞-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Ah-t_m-

[sØ Zo¿L-Im-e-ambn cq]-s∏-Sp-Ønb kmaq-lnI kwhn-[m-\-

ßsfbpw C√m-Xm-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Hcp kwkvIm-c-Øns‚

Xntcm-[m\w Hcp kky-h¿K-Øn-s‚tbm, Hcp P¥p-h¿§-Øn-

118

s‚tbm Xntcm-[m-\-tØm-ftam Hcp ]t£ AXn-te-sdtbm Kuc-

h-X-c-am-Wv. Hscm‰ DXv]mZ\cq]hpambn _‘s∏´p\nev°p∂

B[n]Xy Pohn-X-co-Xnsb ASn-t®¬∏n-°p∂Xv Bhmk

hyhÿsb XInSw a-dn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mseXs∂ D]-{Z-h-I-c--am-Wv.

146. Cu A¿∞-Øn¬, Xt±iob kaq-l-ß-tfmSpw Ah-

bpsS kmwkvIm-cnI ]mc-º-cy-ß-tfmSpw khn-ti-j-amb {i≤-

Im-Wn-t°-≠Xv AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv. XßfpsS `qansb

_m[n°p∂ XcØnep≈ \n¿t±ißƒ aptºm´p hbv°

s∏Sptºmƒ, Ah¿ tIhew a‰p-≈-h¿°n-S-bnse Hcp \yq\-]-

£-a-√, ]ns∂tbm kwhm-Z-ß-fnse apJy ]¶p-Im-cmWv. Ahsc

kw_-‘n®p `qan shdpw Hcp hkvXph√. adn®v ssZh-Øn¬

\n∂pw AhnsS hn{iaw sIm≈p∂ Ah-cpsS ]q¿Δn-I-cn¬

\n∂pw Ah¿°p e`n® Hcp Zm\amWv. IqSmsX, Xß-fpsS

X\n-abpw aqey-ßfpw \ne-\n¿Øm≥ Ah¿ kº¿°w

]pe¿tØ≠ hnip≤ ÿe-hp-am-WXv. Xß-fpsS aÆn-em-bn-cn-

°p-tºmƒ AXn\v Ah¿ ]c-am-h[n IcpX¬ \evIp∂p. F∂n-

cp-∂mepw, temI-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬ {]Ir-Xn-bp-sSbpw

kwkvIm-c-Øn-s‚bpw Xcw-Xm-gvØ¬ IW-°n-se-Sp-°msX \S-

Ø-s∏-Sp∂ Im¿jnI, J\\ kwcw-`-ßƒ°v thZn-sbm-cp-°m≥

Xß-fpsS kz¥w ̀ qan ssIhn-Sm≥ Ah-cp-sS-ta¬ kΩ¿Zw sNep-

Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p.

III. A\p-Zn\ Pohn-X-Ønse ]cn-ÿnXnimkv{Xw

147. bYm¿∞ hnIk\w AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xp a\pjy

Pohn-X-Øns‚ KpW-ta-∑-bn¬ Df-hm-Ip∂ ka-{K-]p-tcm-K-Xn-bn-

em-Wv. CXv P\-ß-fpsS PohnX]›m-Øew ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠Xv

A\n-hm-cy-am-°n-Øo¿°p-∂p. \ΩpsS hnNm-c-hn-Imc {]h¿Ø\

hgn-Isf Cu ]›m-Ø-e-ßƒ kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p. \ΩpsS apdn-I-

fnepw hoSp-I-fnepw tPmen-ÿ-e-ß-fnepw Ab¬]-°-ß-fnepw

\ΩpsS X\nasb {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp am¿K-ambn ]cn-

ÿn-Xnsb \Ωƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. ]cnÿnXn-tbmSp \sΩ

s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ F√m {]b-Xv\-ßfpw \Ωƒ \S-Øp-

∂p. F∂m¬, Cu ]cnÿnXn {Ia-c-ln-Xtam Xmdp-amtdm i_vZ-

˛sshcq-]y-ßfm¬ \nd™tXm BIp-tºmƒ, CØcw Aan-

119


tXm±o]\Øn¬ \ap°v ka-{K-Xbpw kt¥m-jhpw D≈-h-

cmbncn°pI Ffp∏a√.

148. Np‰p-]m-Sp-I-fpsS {]Xn-Iq-e-̂ -e-ßƒ eLq-I-cn®pw {Ia-

cm-ln-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw A\n-›n-X-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw a[y-Øn¬ Xß-

fpsS Pohn-XsØ {Iao-I-cn-°m≥ ]Tn®pw ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bpsS ]cn-

an-Xn-I-tfmSv {]Xn-I-cn-°p∂ hy‡n-Ifpw kwL-ßfpw {]iw-

km¿l-amb k¿Km-fl-I-Xbpw HuZm-cyhpw {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.

DZml-c-W-ambn, Nne-ÿ-e-ß-fn¬ sI´n-S-ß-ƒ ]pdsa Po¿Wm-

h-ÿ-bn-em-sW-¶nepw, Ahn-SpsØ Bfp-Iƒ ̀ h-\-ß-fpsS Dƒh-

i-Øn\p henb {i≤ sImSp-°p-∂p; As√-¶n¬ a‰p-≈-h-cpsS

Zbm-hm-bv-]nepw kulr-Z-Ønepw kwXr]vXn Is≠-Øp-∂p.

]pdta A\-`n-e-j-Wo-b-ambn ImWs∏Sp∂ ]cnÿnXnsb

{]Imiam\am°m≥ Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb kmaq-lnI Pohn-X-Øn\p

Ignbpw. ]e-t∏mgpw At\Iw t¢i-ßƒ°p \Sp-hnepw «mL-

\o-b-am-b- hn-[-Øn¬ ]cn-ÿnXnimkv{Xw {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-°p-∂Xp

]mh-s∏-´-hcmWv. sFIyZm¿Vy-Øn-s‚bpw Iq´m-bva-bp-sSbpw

iywJ-e -bn¬ _‘n-°-s∏--´psh∂v Icp -Xp∂ Htcm

hy‡nbpsSbpw B¥-cn-I-X-bv°p-th≠n, ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bpsS ]cn-

an-Xn-Iƒ ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-Sp-s∂-¶n¬, ]pXnb kaq-l-ßƒ krjvSn-

°-s∏-Sp-s∂-¶n¬, KmVhpw Dujva-f-hpamb _‘ßƒ D≠m-

Ip-s∂-¶n¬, Bfp-Iƒ Xnßn-∏m¿°p∂Xpaqeap≠mIp∂

ho¿∏pap´ens\ adn-I-S-°m≥ Ignbpw. CØ-c-Øn¬ GsXmcp

ÿe-Øn\pw `qan-bnse \c-I-am-bn-cn-°p∂ Ah-ÿ-bn¬\n∂p

al-Xz-ap≈ Pohn-XØns‚ CS-am-bn-Øo-cm≥ Ignbpw.

149. sFIy-an -√mØXpw Xpd∂ ÿeßfn√mØXpw

DZv{KY\Øn\p km[yXbn√mØXpamb CS-ßfn¬ A\p-`-s∏-

Sp∂ sImSnb Zmcn-{Zyw, Ip-‰hmfn kwL-S-\-I-fpsS {Iqc{]h¿Ø-

\-ßƒ°pw NqjW-Øn\pw hgn-sX-fn-°pw. h≥\-K-c-ß-fnse

Aÿn-c-amb Ab¬]°-ß-fn¬ Aan-X-amb P\-Øn-c°ns‚bpw

]ckv]c ]cnNban√mbvabpsSbpw A\pZn\ A\p`hßfneqsS

IS∂pt]mIptºmƒ, D≠mIp∂ A\yXmt_m[w kmaq-lnI

hncp≤Xbv°pw A{I-a-Øn\pw P∑w \¬Ipw. F∂n-cp-∂mepw,

F√m-bvt∏mgpw kvt\lw-X-∂-bmWv IqSp-X¬ Icp-Øp-‰Xv

F∂pd∏n®p ]dbm≥ Rm\m{K-ln-°p-∂p. Cß-s\-bp≈ kml-

120

N-cy-ß-fn¬ P\-Øn-c-°ns\, Alw-`m-h-Øns‚ aXn¬sI-´p-Iƒ

XI¿°p-Ibpw kzm¿∞-X-bpsS then-s°-́ p-Iƒ adn-I-S-°p-Ibpw

sNøp∂ kaql A\p-`-h-Øn-te°v cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Iq´m-

bva-bp-sSbpw Hcp-a-bp-sSbpw _‘-ßƒ s\øm≥ ]ecpw sIev∏p-

≈-h-cm-Wv. kwLm-fl-Ic£-bpsS Cu A\p-`hw ]e-t∏mgpw

Hcp ku[-Øn-s‚tbm Ab¬]°-_-‘-Øn-s‚tbm sa®-s∏-Sp-

Ø-en\v Bh-iyamb krjvSn-]-c-amb Bi-b-ßƒ°p P∑w

\¬Ip-∂p.117

150. a\p-jy≥ Pohn-°p∂ CShpw a\p-jy-kz-̀ m-hhpw XΩn-¬

]ckv]c_‘aps≠∂Xp hkvXpXbmWv. AXpsIm≠v sIń-

S-ßƒ, Np‰p]mSpIƒ, s]mXp-ÿ-e-ßƒ, \K-c-ßƒ XpSßnbh

cq]-I-ev]\ sNøp-∂-h¿, Bfp-I-fpsS Nn¥m-{]-{In-b-I-sfbpw

{]Xo-I-`m-j-sbbpw {]h¿Ø-\-co-Xn-sbbpw a\-kn-em-°m≥

klm-bn-°p∂ Adnhns‚ hnhn[ imJIƒ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-

ØWw. cq]-I-ev]-\-bpsS kuμcyw Bcm™m¬ am{Xwt]mcm;

adn®v, Bfp-I-fpsS Pohn-X-Kp-W-\n-e-hm-cw, ]cn-ÿn-Xn-tbm-Sp≈

Ah-cpsS s]mcp-Ø-s∏-S¬, I≠papépIƒ, ]c-kv]-c-klmb-w

F∂nßs\ a‰p XcØnep≈ kuμcyØn\p sNbvXpsImSp

°p∂ tkh\ßƒ IqSpX¬ hnes∏´hbmWv. \K-c-{]-tZ-i-ß-

fn¬ hkn-°m≥ t]mIp-∂-h-cpsS ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Isf Ft∏mgpw ]cn-

K-Wn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ \K-c-cq-]-I-ev]\ F{X-am{Xw {][m-\-s∏-´-

Xm-sW∂v Chn-sSbpw \Ωƒ Z¿in°p∂p.

151. \Ωƒ `mKambncn°p∂Xpw \sΩ Hcpan∏n°p∂Xp

amb \KcØn\p≈n¬, ""kz¥w hoń¬ F∂ tXm∂¬'' \evIp

∂Xpw \ΩpsS thcpIsf°pdn®pw Cg]ncn°m\mhmØ

ASp∏sØ°pdn®pap≈ Ah-t_m-[w h¿≤-am-\-am-°p∂Xpamb

]®∏p≈ \mK-cn-I-`q-`m-K-ßfpw s]mXpÿeßfpw khn-ti-j-

{i-≤-bm-I¿jn°p∂ kvamcIßfpw kwc-£n-°-s∏-tS-≠Xv Bh-

iy-am-Wv. Hcp \KcØns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ßƒ \∂mbn kwtbm-

Pn-°-s∏-tS-≠XmWv. AXpt]mseXs∂ {][m\s∏´XmWv,

Ht∂m ct≠m Ab¬]°ßfnte°p am{Xw HXpßn°qSmsX,

\Kcw apgphs\bpw a‰mfpIfpambn ]¶phbv°p∂ HcnSambn

ImWØ° hn[Øn¬ AhnsS hkn°p∂h¿°v Hcp kakvX

Ah-t_m[w D≠mbncn°pI F∂Xv. \mK-cnI {KmaoW `qL-

121


S\Isf _m[n-°p∂ XcØnep≈ CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ, hnhn-[-L-S-

I-ßƒtN¿∂v Hcp kºq¿WX Fßs\ cq]-s∏-Sp-∂p-sh-∂Xpw,

AXnse \nhm-kn-Iƒ Xß-fpsS Pohn-X-ßƒ°mh-iy-amb ka-

{Khpw A¿∞-]q¿W-hp-amb Hcp N´°q-Smbn Fßs\ AXns\

ImWp∂psh∂Xpw IW-°n-se-Sp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. At∏mƒ, a‰p-

≈-hsc C\nta¬ A]-cn-Nn-X-cm-bn- Im-WmsX \msa-√m-hcpw

\n¿Ωn-°m≥ ]cn-{i-an-°p∂ "\Ωƒ' F∂-Xns‚ `mK-ambn

ImWm≥ XpSßpw. CtX ImcWØm¬Øs∂, \mK-cn-I-{Km-

aoW ]›m-Ø-e-ß-fn¬, am\pjnI C-S-s]-S-ep-Iƒ kwPm-X-am-

°p∂ \nc¥c-amb am‰-ß-fn¬\n∂pw Ipd®p {]tZißsf

ImØp-kq-£n-°pIbpw kwc£n°pIbpw sNøp∂Xp klm-b-

I-c-am-Wv.

152. ]m¿∏nSan√mbva temIØns‚ ]e `mKßfnepw ˛

{KmaoW taJeIfnepw h≥ \Kcßfnepw ˛ hensbmcp

{]iv\amWv; cmjv{S_P‰pIƒ an°-t∏mgpw Bh-iy-am-b-Xns‚

sNdn-sbm-cwiw am{Xta e`y-am-°p-∂p-≈q. Zcn{Z¿°p am{Xa√,

kaqlØnse a‰pXc°m¿°pw Hcp hoSp kz¥am°pI

Zpjv°camWv. kz¥amsbmcp hoSp≠mbncn°p∂Xp hy‡n-a-

l-Xz-Øn\pw IpSpw_ßfpsS hf¿®bv°pw {][m\s∏´XmWv.

CXp a\pjy-]-cn-ÿnXnimkv{XØnse Hcp apJyhnjbamWv.

IpSn-ep-Iƒ [mcm-f-ap≈ XmXv°m-en-I-]-´-W-ßƒ Db¿∂p-h-∂n-

cn -°p∂ Nne ÿe-ßfn¬, Ahsb X®pSbv°pItbm

ÿm\{`wiw hcpØpItbm sNømsX, Np‰p]mSpIsf

hnIkn∏n°m≥ km[n°pw. A\m-tcm-Ky-I-c-amb tNcn-I-fntem

A]-I-S-I-c-amb hmS-I-s°-ń-S-ß-fntem ]mh-s∏-´-h¿ Pohn-°p-

tºmƒ, ""Ahsc am‰n-∏m¿∏n-t°-≠Xv AXym-h-iy-ambn hcp∂

kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ Ah¿°p t¢i-ßƒ°p-ta¬ t¢i-ß-fp-≠m-

Im-Xn-cn-t°-≠-Xn\p aXn-bmb hnhcßƒ ap≥Iqń \¬tI-

≠Xpw, am\y-amb Xma-k-ku-I-cy-ßƒ hmKvZm\w sNtø-≠Xpw

CXp-ambn t\cn´p _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂ Bfp-Isf Cu {]{In-b-

bn¬ `mK-`m-°p-I-fm-t°-≠Xpw Bh-iy-am-Wv.''118. AtXkabw

Xs∂, XI¿∂p-t]mb Np‰p]mSpIsf ka-\z-bn-∏n®,v kulrZ\K-

c-am-°n -am-‰p-hm≥ k¿§m-fl-IX hn\n-tbm-Kn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v: ""ac-

hn-∏p-f-hm-°p∂ kwi-b-ßsf AXn-Po-hn-°p-Ibpw hyXy-kvX-

cm-b-hsc kwtbm-Pn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Cu DZv{KY-\sØØs∂ hnI-

122

k-\-Øns‚ \qX-\-L-S-I-am°n am‰p-Ibpw sNøp∂ \K-c-ßƒ

F{X at\m-l-cßfmWv! hmkvXp-im-kv{X-]-c-amb cq]-I-ev]-\-

bn¬t]mepw BfpIsf XΩn¬ _‘n∏n°p∂Xpw IqńtbmPn

∏n°p∂Xpw AhcpsS ]ckv]c AwKo-ImcsØ -Duńbpd∏n

°p∂Xpamb ÿeßƒ\nd™ \Kcßƒ F{X BI¿jI

ßfmWv!''119.

153. \K-c -ßfnse Pohn -X--\n -e -hmcw AhnsSbp≈

KXmKXkwhn[m\ßfpambn _‘s∏ńcn°p∂p; AXmIs´,

D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-h¿°v ]e-t∏mgpw Gsd t¢i-ßƒ \evIp∂Xp

amWv. Ht∂m ct≠m t]¿°pth≠nam{Xw HmSp∂ ImdpIƒ,

\KcØn¬ KXm-K-X-°p-cp-°p-≠m-°p-Ibpw aen-\o-I-c-W-Øns‚

\ne Db¿Øp-Ibpw ]p\-cp-≤-cn-°-s∏-Sm\mhmØ Du¿÷w

henb Af-hn¬ D]-tbm-Kn®p Xo¿°pIbpw sNøp∂p. \mK-cn-

I-`q-L-S-\sb \in-∏n°pwhn[w IqSp-X¬ tdmUp-I-fp-sSbpw

]m¿°nwKv ÿe-ß-fp-sSbpw \n¿ΩmWw CXv A\n-hm-cy-am-°p-

∂p. s]mXp-K-Xm-KXØn\p ap≥K-W\ \evtI-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-

IX ]e --hnZKv[-cpw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. F∂ncp∂mepw, P\-

Øn-c°v, Aku-Icyw, ÿnc-X-bn-√mØ tkh-\-ßƒ, kpc-£n-

X-Xz-an-√mbva Chbv°v BfpIsf hnt[bam°p∂ kwhn-[m-\-

ß-fn¬ kmc-amb sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ hcp-Øp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ Bh-

iy-amb Nne \S-]-Sn-Iƒt]mepw kaq-l-Øn\v Ffp∏w kzoIm-

cy-am-I-W-sa-∂n-√.

154. a\p-jy-al-Xz-tØm-Sp≈ BZ-chv, ]e-t∏mgpw \mK-cn-I-

Po-hn-X-Øn¬ P\-ß-f-\p-̀ hn-t°-≠n-h-cp∂ {]iv\-I-ep-jn-X-amb

bmYm¿∞y-ß-fpambn kwL¿jØnemIp∂p. F∂m¬, CXp

\sΩ Nne {KmaoWP\kaqlßƒ°v A\p`hnt°≠nhcp∂

]cnXy‡Xbpw AhKW\bpw I≠ns√∂p \Sn°p∂hcm

°cpXv. Cu {KmaoWP\X ASn-ÿm\tkh-\-ßƒ \ntj-[n-

°-s∏-´Xpw, Ah-Im-i-ßtfm IqSp-X¬ am\y-amb Hcp Pohn-X-

sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ {]Xo-£tbmt]mepw C√mØ ASn-a-Xz-]-c-amb

kml-N-cy-ß-fn-te°v Npcp-ß-s∏´ Ipd®p sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ Dƒs∏-

Sp-∂-Xp-amWv.

155. am\-h -] -cn -ÿnXnimkv{Xw Bg-amb as‰mcp

bmYm¿∞y-w Dƒs°m≈p∂XmWv: a\pjyPohnXhpw \ap°p

123


klPambXpw IqSp-X¬ al-Ø-c-amb Hcp ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bpsS

krjvSn°v AXym-h-iy-ambXp-amb [m¿anI\nbahpw XΩnep≈

_‘amWXv. ""a\pjy≥ Xo¿®-bmbpw BZ-cn-t°-≠Xpw Xs‚

CjvS-a-\p-k-cn®v Ah\v Zpcp]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-Xp-amb Hcp

{]IrXw Ah-\p-ap-≠v''120 F∂ hkvXp-Xsb ASn-ÿm-\-am°n,

_\-UnIvSv 16-˛ma≥ am¿∏m∏m ""a\p-jy]cnÿnXnimkv{X''

sØ°pdn®p kwkmcn®p. \ΩpsS icocwXs∂ ]cn-ÿn-Xn-

bpambpw a‰p Pohn-I-fp-ambpw \sΩ t\cn v́ _‘n-∏n-°p∂p F∂p

AwKoIcn®m¬ aXn-bm-Ipw. temIw apgp-h-s\bpw ]nXm-hmb

ssZh-Øn¬\n∂p≈ Zm\hpw \ΩpsS s]mXp `h-\-hp-ambn

AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v \ΩpsS ico-c-ßsf ssZhn-IZm-\-ambn

kzoI-cn-t°-≠Xv a¿Ω{][m-\-am-Wv. t\sc adn®v, \ΩpsS ico-

c-ßƒ°p-ta¬ \ap°p k¿Δm-[n-]-Xy-ap≠v F∂ Nn¥ \ap-°p

krjvSn-bpsSta¬ k¿Δm-[n-]-Xy-ap≠v F∂ Nn¥-bn-te°v \bn-

°p-∂p. \ΩpsS ico-csØ AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ ]Tn-°pI, AXns\

kwc-£n-°p-I, ]q¿Æ-amb A¿∞-Øn¬ AXns\ _lp-am-\n-

°pI F∂n-h-sb√mw GsXmcp bYm¿∞- am-\p-jnI]cn-ÿn-

Xnimkv{X-Øn-s‚bpw ASnÿm\ LSIßfm-Wv. F∂n¬

\n∂pw hyXy-kvX-amb Hcm-fp-am-bp≈ I≠p-ap-́ -en¬ Rm≥ Fs∂

Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ {]m]vX-am-Ip-∂-Xn\p kz¥w ico-csØ AXns‚

kv{XoXz-Øntem ]pcp-jXz-Øntem hne-a-Xn-t°-≠Xv AXym-h-

iy-am-Wv. Cu coXn-bn¬ ssZhw krjvSn® a‰p ]pcp-j-s‚tbm

kv{Xobp-sStbm {]tXy-I-Zm-\-ß-sf kt¥m-j-tØmsS kzoI-cn-

°m\pw ]c-kv]-cw --t]m-jn∏n°m\pw \ap°p Ignbpw. ""Fßs\

A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°Wsa∂v Adnbm-Ø-Xn-\m¬ enwK-t`-ZsØ

C√mbva sNøm-\p≈''121 at\m-`mhw Btcm-Ky-I-c-a-√.

IV. s]mXp-\-∑-sb∂ XXzw

156. kmaq-lnI \oXnimkv{XØns‚ apJyhpw GIo-I-cn-

°p-∂-Xp-amb s]mXp-\-∑-sb∂ XXz-Øn¬\n∂pw am\p-jn-I-]-

cn-ÿnXnimkv{XsØ th¿s]-Sp-Øm-\m-hn-√. s]mXp\∑sb

∂m¬, ""kaq-ln-I-kw-L-ß-sfbpw AXn¬ AwK-ß-fmb hy‡n-

I-sfbpw Ah-bpsS km£m-XvIm-c-Øn-te°v Hcp ]cn[nhsc

kºq¿Æ-ambpw A\m-bm-k-ambpw {]th-in-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°p∂

kmaq-ln-I-Po-hn-Xkml-N-cy-ß-fpsS BsI-Øp-I-bmWv.''122.

124

157. ka-{K-hn-I-k\Øn\p≈ ASn-ÿm-\]chpw A\y-h-

XvI-cn-°m-\m-hm-Ø-Xp-amb Ah-Imißfp≈ a\p-jy-hy-‡n-

tbmSp≈ BZ-c-hmWp s]mXp-\-∑-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-XXzw. k¥p-

en--XXzw D]-tbm-Kn-®psIm≠p kaq-l-Øns‚ BI-am-\-amb t£a-

Øn\pw CS-Ø-ń-ep≈ hnhn[ kwL-ß-fpsS hnI-k-\-Øn\pw

th≠h sNtø-≠Xpw CXns‚ Bh-iy-am-Wv. CØcw kwL-

ß-fn¬ {it≤-b-am-bXv kaq-l-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\LSI-sa∂

\ne-bn¬ IpSpw-_-am-Wv. F√m‰n\pap]cnbmbn, kmaq-ln-I-k-

am-[m-\hpw, hnX-cW\oXn°p {]tXy-I-]-cn-K-W-\ -\evImsX

t\Sn-sb-Sp -°m≥ Ign-bm-ØXpw Nne {IaoIcWßfm¬

e`n°p∂-Xp-amb kpÿn-c-Xbpw kpc-£n-X-Xzhpw, s]mXp-\∑

A`n-e-jn-°p-∂p. CXp ewLn-°-s∏-Sp-tºm-sg√mw A{Iaw kw`-

hn-°p-∂p. kaqlw samØ-Ønepw, cmjv{Sw {]tXy-I-ambpw s]mXp-

\-∑sb {]Xn-tcm-[n-°m\pw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°m\pw IS-s∏-ń-cn-

°p-∂p.

158. A\oXn h¿≤n-°p-Ibpw ASn-ÿm\ a\p-jym-h-Im-i-

ßƒ \ntj[n°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cp-sSbpw D]-tbm-K-h-kvXp-°-fmbn Icp-

X-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cp-sSbpw kwJy s]cp-Ip-Ibpw sNøp∂ B\p-Im-

enI BtKmf kml-N-cy-Øn¬ s]mXp\∑-bpsS XXzw bp‡n-

k-l-ambpw A\n-hm-cy-ambpw sFIy-Zm¿Vy-Øn\pw \ΩpsS

ktlm-Z-c-cnse G‰hpw ]mh-s∏-́ -h¿°p ap≥K-W\ \evIn-s°m-

≠p≈ Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n\pap≈ £W-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p. Cu Xnc-

s™-Sp∏v, temI-h-kvXp-°-fpsS km¿h-{XnIe£y-Øns‚

A¿∞Xeßƒ AwKoIcn°p∂XnemWv ASßnbncn°p∂Xv.

F∂m¬ kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ B\μw F∂ ss«lnImlzm\

Øn¬, Rm≥ ]cm-a¿in-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse123, as‰√m‰nep

ap]cnbmbn th≠Xv, hnizm-kn-I-sf∂ \ne-bn¬ \ΩpsS Bg-

amb t_m[y-ß-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ ]mh-s∏-´-h-cpsS henb al-

XzsØ hne-a-Xn-°pIbmWv. Cu Xnc-s™-Sp∏v bYm¿∞Øn¬

s]mXp\∑ ê-{]-Z-ambn t\Sn-sb-S-pt°-≠-Xn\v AXy-¥m-t]-

£n-X-amb [m¿anI ISa-bm-sW∂p ImWm≥ \mw \ap°v Np‰pw

H∂p ItÆm-Sn-t°-≠-tX-bp-≈p.

V. Xe-ap-d-Iƒ°n-S-bnse \oXn

159. s]mXp-\-∑-sb∂ Bibw `mhn-X-e-ap-d-I-fn-te°pw

hym]n®p InS-°p∂p. \ΩpsS s]mXp `mK-t[-bsØ Ah-K-Wn-

125


°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p≈ lm\n-I-c-amb ê-ßƒ Fs¥m-s°-bm-

sW∂v BtKm-f-km-º-ØnI {]Xn-k-‘n-Iƒ thZ\mP\Iamw

hn[w hy‡-am-°n. \ap°p ]ntº hcp-∂-hcpw B êßfn¬

\n∂v Hgn-hm-°-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. Xe-ap-d-Iƒ°n-S-bnse sFIy-

Zm¿VysØ am‰n\n¿Øn kpÿn-c-amb hnI-k-\-sØ-°p-dn®p

\ap°p kwkm-cn-°m-\m-hn-√. ̀ mhn-X-e-ap-d-Iƒ°p \Ωƒ ssIam-

dm≥ t]mIp∂ temI-Øns‚ Ah-ÿ-sb-°p-dn®p Nn¥n-°m≥

XpS-ßp-tºmƒ Imcy-ßƒ hyXy-kvX-ambn \Ωƒ t\m°n-

°mWpw. \ap°p kuP-\y-ambn e`n® Hcp Zm\-amWv Cu temI-

sa∂pw AXp a‰p-≈-h-cp-ambn ]¶p-sh-bvt°-≠-Xm-sW∂pw \Ωƒ

Xncn-®-dnbpw. temIw \ap°p ̀ c-ta¬∏n-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬,

Imcy-£-a-Xbpw DXv]m-Z-\-£-a-Xbpw ]q¿Æ-ambpw hy‡n-]-c-

amb t\´sØ am{Xw e£yw hbv°p∂ Xc-Øn¬ Xo¿Øpw

D]-t`m-K-]-c-amb am¿§-Øn-eqsS bmYm¿∞y-ßsf \ap°p Z¿in-

°m-\m-hn-√. Xe-ap-d-Iƒ°n-S-bn-se sFIy-Zm¿Vyw sF—n-I-a√;

\Ωƒ kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p∂ Cu temIw \ap°p ]n∂mse hcp-

∂-h-cp-tS-Xp-Iq-Sn-bm-I-bm¬ CXp \oXnsb kw_-‘n-°p∂

ASnÿm-\-]-c-amb Hcp {]iv\-am-Wv. \oXn-bpsS Cu ISa AwKo-

I-cn-°-W-sa∂p t]m¿®p-Ko-knse sa{Xm-∑m¿ \sΩ Blzm\w

sNbvXp: ""kzoIcn°-ens‚ bp‡nbpsS `mK-amWv ]cn-ÿn-Xn.

ASp-Ø-Xn-te°p \n›ba-mbpw ssIamdm\mbn Hmtcm Xe-ap-

dbv°pw \evIs∏Sp∂ hmbv]- h-kvXp-hm-WnXv.''124. Cu hnim-e-

ho -£-W-w ka{Kamb Hcp ]cnÿnXnimkv{XØns‚

apJap{ZbmWv.

160. F{]-Im-c-ap≈ Hcp temI-amWp \ap°p ]ntº hcp-∂-

h¿°pw Ct∏mƒ hf¿∂p-h-cp∂ Ip™p-ßƒ°pw \evIp-hm≥

\mw B{K-ln-°p-∂-Xv? CXp ]cn-ÿn-Xn-sb-am{Xw kw_-‘n-

°p∂ tNmZy-a√; L´w Lámbn kao-]n-t°≠ Hcp hnjbhp-

a√. F{]-Im-c-ap≈ Hcp temI-amWp \Ωƒ Ah-ti-jn-∏n-t°-

≠Xv F∂p \tΩm-Sp-Xs∂ tNmZn-°p-tºmƒ BZyw \Ωƒ Nn¥n-

°p-∂Xv, AXns‚ s]mXp-hmb Zni-sbbpw AXns‚ A¿∞-

sØbpw aqey-ß-sfbpw Ipdn-®m-Wv. CØcw Bg-ap≈ hnj-b-

ß-fp-ambn \Ωƒ a√nSp∂n-s√-¶n¬ ]cnÿnXntbm--Sp≈ \ΩpsS

]cnKW\ Imcy-amb ê-ßƒ Df-hm-°p-sa∂v Rm≥ Icp-Xp-

∂n-√. F∂m¬, CØcw hnj-b-ßsf \Ωƒ ss[cy-]q¿hw

126

A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-®m¬, a‰p Nne ap\-bp≈ tNmZy-ß-fn-te°p XSp-

°m-\m-hmØhn[w \bn-°-s∏-Spw: Cu temI-Øn¬ \ΩpsS Pohn-

X-Øns‚ e£y-sa-¥mWv? F¥p-sIm≠p \man-hnsS Bbn-cn-

°p∂p? \ΩpsS {]hrØn-I-fp-sSbpw A≤zm-\-ß-fp-sSbpw e£y-

sa-¥mWv? \sΩ-s°m≠p ̀ qan°v F¥v Bh-iy-am-Wp-≈Xv? AXn-

\m¬, `mhn-X-e-apd-I-sf-°p-dn®p \mw Icp-X-ep-≈-h-cm-bn-cn-°-W-

sa∂v shdpsX ]d-™-Xp-sIm≠pam{Xw H∂pw BIp-∂n-√. A]-

I-Sm-h-ÿ-bn-em-bn-cn-°p-∂Xp \ΩpsSXs∂ al-Xz-am-sW∂p

\Ωƒ a\-kn-em-°-Ww. hmk-tbm-Ky-amb Hcp {Klw `mhn-X-e-

ap-dbv°p \evIp-I-sb-∂Xp {]Y-ahpw {][m-\-hp-ambn \sΩ B{i-

bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu hnjbw \sΩ \mS-Io-b-ambn _m[n-°p∂

H∂m-Wv. ImcWw, `qan-bnse \ΩpsS hn{]hmkØns‚ BXy-

¥n-I- A¿∞-hp-ambn CXp _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.

161 . k¿h\misØ-°p -dn -®p≈ {]h-N -\ -ßsf

]cnlmktØmsStbm Ah-⁄-tbm-sStbm ImWm\mhn√.

\Ωƒ hcpwXe-ap-dbv°p ssIamdp∂Xp Ah-in-jvS-ßfpw

Xcnip`qanbpw amen-\y-ß-fp-am-bn-cn-°pw. D]-t`m-K\nc°v, amen-

\yw, ]mcn-ÿn-XnIam‰-ßƒ Ch-bpsS KXn-thKw ùa{K-l-

Øns‚ £a-Xsb hen-®p-ap-dp-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ Aÿn-c-amb

\ΩpsS B\p-Im-enI PohnXcoXn, Ct∏mƒXs∂ temI-Øns‚

hnhn[ ̀ mK-ß-fn¬ CSbv°nsS kw -̀hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂, {]Ir-

Xn-Zp-c-¥-ßsf Xzcn-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-Itb D≈p. Ct∏mƒ D≈

Ak¥p-en-Xm-h-ÿ-bpsS {]Xym-Lm-X-ßƒ Ipd-bv°m≥, ChnsS

Ct∏mƒ \Ωƒ sNøp∂ \n¿Wm-b-I-amb CSs]SeneqsS

am{Xta km[n--°pIbp≈p. Zmcp-W-amb ]cn-WnXê-ßƒ t\cn-

Sm≥ t]mIp-∂-h-tcmSp adp]Sn ]dbm≥ \ap°p≈ _m≤yXsb-

∏‰n ]cn-Nn-¥n-t°-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv.

162. Cu sh√p-hnfn Kuch]q¿hw Gs‰-Sp-°m-\p≈

\ΩpsS _p≤n -ap´ v , ]cn -ÿnXnbpsS A[x -] -X -\sØ

XpS¿∂p≠mIp∂ [m¿anI kmwkvIm-cnI A[-x]-X-\-hp-ambn

Gsd _‘-s∏-́ n-cn-°p-∂p. DØ-cm-[p-\nI temI-Ønse BfpIƒ

A\n-b-{¥n-X-amb hy‡nhmZØns‚ A]ISØnemWv. \ΩpsS

kaq-l-Øns‚ \nch[n {]iv\-ßfpw kXzcXr-]vXn°pth≠n-

bp≈ hy‡ntI{μo-Ir-X- kwkvIm-c-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-

∂p. IpSpw-_˛kmaqly-_‘ßfnse {]Xnk‘nIfpsSbpw A]-

127


cs\ AwKoIcn°m\p≈ sshjayØns‚bpw ImcyØn¬

\ap°nXp ImWm\mIpw. amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ Bth-i-I-chpw ]mgm-

°p-∂-Xp-amb D]-t`m-K-Øn-te°p Nmbvhp≈-h-cm-sW-¶n¬, CXv

Ah-cpsS Ipń-Isf _m[n-°p-w; kz¥-am-sbmcp hoSp Xc-s∏-Sp-

Øp-∂-Xpw Hcp IpSpw_w sIń∏Sp°p∂Xpw Ah¿°p ZpjvI-c-

am-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNøpw. F∂p Xs∂-bpa√, hcpwXe-ap-d-sb-

°p-dn®p Kuc-h-ambn Nn¥n-°m-\p≈ \ΩpsS Ign-hn-√mbva

C∂sØ \ΩpsS Xmev]-cy-ß-fpsS taJesb hnime-am-°p-

∂-Xn\pw hnI-k-\-Øn¬\n∂p Hgn-hm-°-s∏-´-h¿°p ]cn-K-W\

\¬Ip-∂-Xn\pap≈ \ΩpsS {]m]vXn-bn-√m-bva-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-

ń-cn-°p-∂p. `mhn-bnse Zcn-{Zsc am{X-a√, C∂sØ Zcn{Zscbpw

\Ωƒ Hm¿°Ww; Fs¥∂m¬, AhcpsS Cu `qan-bnse

PohnXw {lkzambXn\m¬ Ah¿°p ImØp-\nev]p XpS-cm≥

Ignbn√. AXp-sIm≠v, ""Xe-ap-d-Iƒ°n-S-bnse sF-Iy-Zm¿Vy-

sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ icn-bmb Ah-t_m-[-tØm-sSm∏w Xe-ap-d-Iƒ°p-

≈nse sFIy-Zm¿Vy-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ \ho-I-cn-°-s∏´ Ah-

t_m[hpw ASn-b-¥n-c-amb [m¿anImh-iy-am-Wv.125

128

A≤ymbw 5

kao]-\-Øn-s‚bpw \S-]-Sn-bpsSbpw

am¿KtcJ

163. \mw A[n-h-kn-°p∂ {KlØns‚ hn≈epIfpw ]mcn-

ÿn-XnI A[x-]-X-\-Øns‚ Kl-\-amb am\p-jnIImc-W-ßfpw

Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®p-sIm≠v, \ΩpsS Ct∏m-gsØ Ahÿ hni-I-

e\w sNøp-hm-\mWp Rm≥ CXp-hsc ]cn-{i-an-®-Xv. bmYm¿∞y-

sØ°pdn®p≈ Cu ]cn-Nn-¥-\w-X-s∂, \b-Øn-epw a‰p {]h¿Ø-

\-ssi-en -bnepw hcp -tØ≠ am‰ -Øns‚ Bh-iy -I -X

hy‡am°nbn´p≠v. - F¶n-epw, \sΩ Ct∏mƒ hebw sNøp∂

kzbw-\m-i-Øns‚ Npgn-bn¬\n∂pw c£-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\p \sΩ

klm-bn-°p∂ kwhm-Z-Øns‚ {][m-\-am¿K-ßƒ kw{K-l-ambn

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ \Ωƒ Ct∏mƒ {ian°p-∂p.

I. ]cn-ÿn-Xn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ A¥¿t±-io-b -Iq-́ m-bva-bnse

kwhmZw

164. Ign™ \q‰m-≠ns‚ a[y-Im-e-L-´-Øns‚ Bcw-`w-ap-

X¬, [mcmfw {]Xn-k-‘nIsf AXn-Po-hn-®v, \ΩpsS {Klw Hcp

amXr-tZiam-sW∂pw a\p-jy-h¿Kw apgp-h\pw s]mXp-̀ -h-\-Øn¬

Pohn-°p∂ Hscm‰ P\-X-bmsW∂pap≈ t_m[yw hf¿∂p-sIm-

≠n-cn-°p∂p. \sΩ-sb√mw {Kkn-°p∂ Nne Pohn-X-ssi-en-I-

fp-sSbpw Dev]m-Z-\˛D]-t`m-K-co-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw Zqjy-̂ eßsf°p-

dn®p ]c-kv]-cm-{in-X-temIw \sΩ Ah-t_m-[-ap-≈-h-cm-°p-∂p.

am{X-a-√, Nne cmPy-ß-fpsS kzm¿∞-Xmev]cyßsf kwc-£n-

°p-∂-Xn\pth≠n-b-√, AXn-t\-°mƒ D]-cn-bmbn, BtKm-f-

Imgv®∏mSn¬\n∂pw ]cn-lm-c-ßƒ \n¿t±-in-°-s∏-Sp-∂ps≠∂v

Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-hm≥ CXp \sΩ t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂p. s]mXp-{I-a-tØm-

Sp-Iq-Snb Hcp temIw F∂ XXz-sØ-°p-dn®p Nn¥n-°m≥ ]c-

kv]-cm-{i-bXzw \sΩ IS-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. kmt¶-Xn-I-ambn hfsc

129

kao]-\-Øn-s‚bpw \S-]-Sn-bpsSbpw am¿KtcJ

henb ]ptcm-KXn sIm≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn¬ {]tXy-I-amb ]¶p-h-ln®

A\-\y-amb Cu kma¿∞yw-X-s∂, temI-hym-]-I-ambn Kpcp-X-

c-amb ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-Ihpw kmaq-ln-I-amb {]iv\-ßƒ ssIImcyw

sNøp-∂-Xn\v ]cym-]vX-amb hgn-Iƒ Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn¬ ]cm-Pn-

X-am-sW∂v CXp-hsc sXfn-bn-®p. cmPy-ß-fpsS ̀ mK-Øp-\n-∂p≈

GI-]-£o-b-amb {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒhgn ]cn-l-cn-°m≥ km[n-

°mØ Kl-\-amb {]iv\-ßƒ kz¥-\n-e-bn¬ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-

°p-∂-Xn\v Hcp BtKmf A`n-{]m-b-k-a-\zbw AXy-¥m-t]-£n-

X-am-Wv. AØcsamcp A`n{]mbka\zbw, kpÿnchpw sshhn-

[y-]q¿Whpamb Irjn-co-Xn, ho≠pw D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂Xpw aen-

\o-I-cWw Ipd-hp-≈-Xp-amb Xc-Øn-ep≈ Du¿÷-Øns‚ hnI-

k-\w, Du¿÷-Øns‚ IqSpX¬ ê{]Zamb D]-tbm-K-Øns‚

t{]m’m-l-\w, kap{Zhn`hßfpsSbpw h\hn`hßfpsSbpw Dd-

hn-S-ß-fpsS Imcy£aamb D]tbmKw, km¿h-{Xn-I- IpSnsh≈

e`yX Ch-bn-te°v \bn-°p-∂p.

165. amc-I-amb aen-\o-I-c-W-Øn\p Imc-W-amb t^mkn¬

C‘-\-ß-fpsS ˛ {]tXy-In-®v, I¬°-cn, s]t{Smfnbw FÆ,

Ipd™ Af-hn¬ {]Ir-Xn-hm-X-Iw F∂nhbpsS ̨ D]-tbm-KsØ

ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-bp≈ kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy Xma-kw-hn\m

L´wLámbn am‰n ]pXnbh Is≠tØ≠XmsW∂p \ap-°-

dn-bmw. Gh¿°pw Ic-K-X-amb, ]p\x-ÿm-]n-°m-hp∂ Du¿÷

Dd-hn-S-ßƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ henb ]ptcm-KXn D≠m-bn-

s√-¶n¬, {lkz-Im-e-]-cn-lm-c-ßƒ Is≠-Øp-I-tbm, c≠p Xn∑-

I-fn¬ Ipd-™Xp sXc-s™-Sp-°p-Itbm sNøpI F∂Xp

\ymbamIpw. F∂m¬, Cu Du¿÷-]-cn -h¿Ø-\-Øn\p

sImSpt°≠nhcp∂ hnebpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-XzsØ kw_-‘n®p

]cym-]vX-amb [mc-W-bn-se-Øm≥ A¥mcmjv{Skaq-l-Øn\v

C\nbpw Ign-™n-ń-√. C°-gn™ ]Xn-‰m-≠p-I-fn¬, ]cn-ÿn-

Xn-{]-iv\-ßƒ ]cn-K-W-\m¿l-amb s]mXp-kw-hm-Z-Øn\p Imc-

W-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. IqSm-sX, sshhn-[yhpw, {]Xn-⁄m-_-≤-hpw,

DZm-c-hp-amb ]uc-{]-Xn-I-c-W-ßƒ°v CXp cq]w sImSp-Øn-´p-

≠v. \ΩpsS temIw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂ sh√p-hn-fn-I-tfmSp s]mcp-

Ø-s∏-Sp∂ coXn-bn¬ {]Xn-I-cn-°p∂Xn¬ cmjv{So-b, hym]m-c-

ta-J-e-Iƒ hfsc aμ-K-Xn-bn-em-Wv. Ncn-{X-Ønse G‰hpw \ncp-

Ø-c-hm-ZnXz]c-amb Ime-L´-ß-fn¬ H∂mbn hymh-km-bn-I-hn-

130

π-h-Øn-\p-ti-j-ap≈ Ime-L´w kvacn-°-s∏-Spw. F∂n-cp-∂m-epw,

Ccp-]-Øn-sbm∂mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Bcw-`-Im-e-L-´-Øn-ep≈ a\p-

jykaqlw, Ime-L-´-Øns‚ Kuc-hm-h-l-amb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-

ßƒ DZm-c-X-tbmsS Gs‰-Sp-Ø-Xns‚ t]cn¬ Hm¿Ωn-°-s∏Spw

F∂p {]Xo-£n-°p-hm≥ Imc-W-ap-≠v.

166. ]uc-k-aq-l-Ønse hnhn[ {]ÿm-\-ß-fpsS ]cn-{i-

aêambn BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬, ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-I-{]-ÿm-\-ßƒ

Imcy-am-{X-{]-k-‡-amb apt∂-‰-ßƒ \S-Øn-bn-́ p-≠v. -Ah-sb√mw

ChnsS ]cma¿in°p-I-sb-∂-Xpw, Ah-cpsS kw`m-h-\-I-fpsS

Ncn{Xw AhtemI\w sNøp-I-sb-∂Xpw hfsc Akm-[y-amb

Imcy-am-Wv. F¶nepw, AhcpsS {]bXv\ßfpsS ̂ eambn, ]mcn-

ÿn-XnI hn-j-b-ßƒ h¿≤n®tXmXn¬ s]mXp-Im-cy-]-cn-]m-Sn-

I-fn¬ ÿm\w Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn\pw IqSpX¬ Zo¿L-ho£Wap≈

kao-]-\-ßƒ kzo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Imc-W-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. F∂n-

cp-∂m-epw, ]cn-ÿn-Xnsb kw_-‘n®v ASp-Ø-bnsS Ign™

temI D®-tIm-Sn-Iƒ {]Xo-£n-®n-S-tØmfw hnPbw I≠n-√.

Fs¥∂m¬, cmjv{So-b- C—m-i-‡nbn√mbva -aqew ]cn-ÿn-

Xnsb kw_-‘n®v A¿∞-]q¿Æhpw ê-{]-Z-hp-amb BtKm-f-

[m-c-W-bn-se-Øm≥ Ah¿°p km[n-®n√.

167. dntbm Un sP\o-tdm-bn¬h®v 1992 ¬ \S∂

ùaD®tImSn FSp-Øp-]-d-b-Ø-°-Xm-Wv. ""kpÿnc hnI-k-\-

Øn¬ tI{μ-]-cn-K-W\ a\p-jy-h¿§-Øn-\mWv'' F∂v AXp

{]Jym-]n-®p.126 1972 se tÃm°v tlmw {]Jym-]-\Øns‚ Nph-Sp-

]n-Sn-®v, `qan apgp-h-s‚-bpw ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-I-L-S\ kwc-£n-°m≥

A¥¿t±-in-b-k-l-I-cWw Cu ktΩ-f\w Bhiy-s∏-´p. IqSm-

sX, aen-\o-I-cWw \S-Øp∂ hy‡n AXns‚ DØchmZnXzw

Gs‰Sp°m\p≈ IS-∏m-Spw, \n¿±njvS ]≤-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw {]h¿Ø-

\-ß-fp-sSbpw ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-I- BLmXw \n¿Wbn-°p-hm-\p≈

Npa-X-ebpw ktΩ-f\w Nq≠n-°m-ń. lcnXKrlhmXIßfpsS

A¥-co-£-Øn-ep≈ tI{μo-I-cWw Ipd-bv°p-hm\pw AXp-hgn

BtKm-f-Xm-]-\-{]-h-W-Xsb Zp¿_-e-s∏-Sp-Øphm\pw ktΩ-f\w

e£yan´p. ssPh-ssh-hn -[y-sØ-°p-dn®v Hcp kwbp‡

[mcWbpw {]h¿Ø-\-]-≤-Xn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb Hcp Imcy-]-cn-]m-Snbpw

ktΩ-f\w {Ia-s∏-Sp-Øn. h\-ßsf kw_-‘n® XXz-ßƒ

131


ktΩ-f\w {]Jym]n°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu ktΩ-f\w bYm¿∞-

Øn¬ aptºm-´p≈ Hcp Nph-Sp-h-bv∏pw Cu ImeØn\p ap∂-dn-

bn∏p \evIp-∂-Xpambn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n-epw, CXns‚ Xocp-am-\-ßƒ

Imcyambn \S-∏n-em-°s∏ń√. \nb-a-ew-L-\-Øn\p in£,

ImemImeßfnse AhtemI\w, ta¬t\m-´-Øn\v A\p-tbm-

Py-amb kwhn[m\w Ch-bpsS A`m-h-amWv Cu Ah-K-W-\bv°v

Imc-Ww. Cu ktΩ-f\w {]Jym-]n® \S-]-Sn-Iƒ Imcy-£-a-ambpw

Ffp-∏-Ønepw {]tbm-K-Øn¬ hcpØn-°m-Wp-hm≥ Ct∏mgpw

ImØn-cn-°p-∂p.

168. Cu cwKØp Nne {Inbm-flI A\p-`-h-ß-fp-ap-≠v.

DZmlcWØn\v, A]-I-S-km-≤yX \nd™ amen-\y-ß-sf-°p-

dn®p≈ t_bvk¬ I¨sh≥j≥ ]pds∏Sphn® {]kvXmh\,

AXn¬ ImWs∏Sp∂ am\ZWvUßƒ, \nb-{¥Wßƒ

F∂nhbm¬ {it≤bamWv. IqSm-sX, hwi-\m-i-ò-jWn t\cn-

Sp∂ h\y-ar-K-ß-fp-sSbpw kky-Pm-e-ß-fp-sSbpw A¥¿t±-io-

b -hym -]m -csØ XS-bp∂ ktΩ-f -\w, \nbaewL\w

Is≠Øm\p≈ -k-μ¿i\w t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂p. Hmtkm¨

]mfn-bpsS kwc-£-WØn\mbp≈ hnb∂m I¨sh≥js‚

{iaêambpw AXp \S∏n¬ hcpØm\p≈ tam¨{Sn-b¬ s]cp-

am-‰-®-´-Øn-eq-sSbpw AXns‚ t`Z-K-Xn-I-fn-eq-sSbpw Hmtkm¨

]mfn-bpsS inYn-eo-I-cWw F∂ {]iv\Øn\v Fsd°pd

]cnlmcamsb∂p tXm∂p∂p.

169. ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-Øns‚ kwc-£-Ww, acp-`q-an-h-Xv°-

c-W-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ {]iv\-ßƒ F∂nhbn¬, Imcyamb

]ptcm-KXn D≠mbnń√. Imem-h-ÿ-mhy-Xn-bm-\sØ kw_-‘n®v

apt∂-‰-ßƒ timN-\o-b-am-b -hn-[-Øn¬ Ipd-hm-Wv. lcnXKrl

hmXIßƒ IpdbWsa¶n¬ G‰hpw i‡hpw G‰hpw IqSp-

X¬ aen-\o-I-cWw \S-Øp-∂-Xp-amb cmPy-ß-fpsS ̀ mK-Øp-\n∂v

kXy-k-‘-Xbpw ss[cyhpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-t_m-[hpw Bh-iy-

am-Wv. kpÿnc hnI-k-\-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ sFIy-cm-jv{S-kw-L-S-

\-bpsS ktΩf\w, ""dntbm +20'' (dntbm Un sP\otdm 2012),-

hym]Iamb am\ßfp≈Xpw, F∂m¬ ê{]m]vXnbnse

ØmØXpamb Hcp tcJ ]pd-Øn-d-°n. BtKm-f-s]m-Xp-\-∑-tb-

132

°mƒ kz¥w cmPy-Xm-Xv]-cy-ßƒ°p {]m[m\yw sImSp°p∂

\ne]mSpaqew,- A¥¿t±-iob IqSn-bm-tem-N-\-Iƒ°p Imcy-am-

{X-{]-k-‡-amb ]ptcm-KXn D≠m-°m≥ Ign-™n-√. \Ωƒ

ad®phbv°p-hm≥ {ian-°p-∂-h-bpsS ]cn-Wn-X-^-e-ßƒ A\p-`-

hn-°p-∂-h¿, a\-km-£n-bp-sSbpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-t_m-[-Øn-s‚bpw

Cu ]cm-Pbw Hcn-°epw ad-°p-I-bn-√. Cu Nm{In-I-te-J\w

Xøm-dm-°-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ Ah-k-c-Øn¬t∏mepw, kwhmZw

Xo{h-am-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. \Ωƒ hnizm-kn-Iƒ Ct∏mƒ \S-

°p∂ N¿®-I-fn¬\n∂pw {Inbm-fl-I-amb Hcp A\-¥-c-̂ -e-Øn-

\p-th≠n ssZh-tØmSv At]-£n-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]cm-P-b-s∏-S-cp-Xv.

\ΩpsS hnth-I-iq-\y-amb Ime-hn-fw-_-ß-fpsS ê-ßƒ hcpw-

X-e-ap-d-Iƒ A\p-`-hn-°p-hm-\n-S-hc-cp-Xv.

170. aen-\o-I-cn-°-s∏´ hmX-I-Øns‚ ]pd-¥-≈¬ Ipd-bv°p-

∂-Xn-\p-X-Ip∂ Nne \b--ßƒ, ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-I-sNehpIfpsS

A¥¿t±-io-b-h-Xv°-cWw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂p-≠v. IqSpX¬ hyh-

km-b--h-Xv°-cn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂ cmPy-ß-tfmSp Xpe\w sNøp-

tºmƒ, amen-\y-ß-fpsS ]pd-¥-≈¬ Ipd-bv°p-I-sb-∂Xp hn`-

h-tijn Ipd™ cmPy-ßsf kw_-‘n®p hfsc `mc-ta-dnb

Hcp \ntbm-K-am-Wv. CXv Ah-cp-sS-ta¬ Npa-Øp-∂Xv A]m-b-

km-≤yX Df-hm-°pw. AØcw \nb{¥W-ßƒ hnI-k\w hfsc

Bh-iy-ap≈ cmPy-ß-fpsSta¬ ASn-t®-ev∏n-°p-∂Xv Ahsc

in£n-°p-∂-Xn\p Xpey-am-Wv. CXphgn, ]cn-ÿnXnkwc-£-W-

Øns‚ ad-hn¬ as‰mcp A\oXnIqSn ASnt®ev∏n°s∏Sp∂p.

Chn-sSbpw, Zcn-{Z-cmWv CXn\p hne-sIm-Sp-t°-≠n-h-cp-∂-Xv. CXv

Ah-cpsS kmº-Øn-I-ta-J-esb hf-sc-tbsd _m[n-°pw. Imem-

h-ÿ-mhy-Xn-bm-\-Øns‚ ]cnWnXê-ßƒ hcm-\n-cn-°p∂ hf-

sc-°m-e-tØ°v A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-sa-∂-Xn-\m¬, I¿i-\-amb am¿K-

ßƒ Ct∏mƒ kzoI-cn-®m-epw, hn -̀h-tijn Ipd™ cmPy-ßƒ°v,

CXn -\p -aptº Df -hm -°-s∏´ BLmXßfpsS êw

eLqIcn°m≥ klmbw Bh-iy-ap-≠v. Cu kml-N-cy-Øn¬,

s]mXp-hmb, AtX-k-abw, hyXn-cn-‡-amb Hcp DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-

t_m-[-Øns‚ Bh-iy-ap-≠v. s_mfo-hn-bm-bnse sa{Xm-∑m¿

{]kvXm-hn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se, ""lcnXKrlhmXIßfpsS AXn-

am-{X-amb ]pd-¥-≈-¬ AhKWn®v, hyh-km-b-h-Xv°-c-W-Øn-

133


eqsS Db¿∂ \ne-bn¬ A`n-hr-≤n-bp-≠m-°nb cmPy-ßƒ°v,

Xßƒhgn D≠mb {]iv\-ßƒ°v ]cn-lmcw ImWp-hm-\p≈

henb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ap-≠v.''127

171. Im¿_¨ \nt£-]-ßƒ (carbon credits) hmßp-Ibpw

hnev°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ \b-X{¥w temIhym]Iamb Dul

°®hS-Øns‚ ]pXnb hyh-ÿ-I-fn-te°v \bn-°pw. F∂m¬,

AXp aen-\o-Ir-X-hm-X-I-Øns‚ ]pd-¥≈¬ Ipd-bv°m≥ klm-

bn-°n-√. Cu coXn, ]cn-ÿn-Xn-tbm-Sp≈ HcpXcw -{]-Xn--_≤X

F∂ \mSy-Øn¬ hf-sc-s∏-s´∂p \S-∏n-em-°m-hp∂ Hcp ]-cn-

lm-c-am¿K-ambn tXm∂p-sa-¶n-epw, Ct∏m-gsØ kml-Ncyw Bh-

iy-s∏-Sp-∂- Hcp kaqe-]-cn-h¿Ø\w hcp-Øm≥ CXv Hcp hn[-

Ønepw A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂n-√. CXp shdp-samcp AS-hp-\bw am{X-

am-Wv. Nne cmPy-ß-fp-sSbpw Nne hn`m-K-ß-fp-sSbpw Aan-X-

amb D]-t`mKw \ne-\n¿Øm≥ am{Xta Cu AS-hp-\bw D]-I-

cn-°q.

172. Zcn-{Z-cm-Py-ßsf kw_-‘n-®v, ISpØ Zmcn{Zyw

\n¿Ωm¿÷\w sNøp-I,- A-h-cpsS P\-ß-fpsS kmaq-ly-]p-tcm-

KXn h¿≤n-∏n-°pI Ch-bmbncn°Ww ap≥K-W-\m¿l-amb hnj-

b-ßƒ. AtX-k-a-bw, Ah-cpsS P\-ß-fn¬ {]tXy-Im-\p-Iq-ey-

ßƒ A\p-`-hn-°p∂ Nne hn`m-K-ßfn¬ Bt£-]m¿l-am-b X-

c-Øn-ep≈ D]-t`m-K-ssi-enbps≠∂v AwKo-I-cn-°p-I-bpw, hfsc

^e-{]-Z-ambn Agn-a-Xn-tbmSp s]mcp-Xp-Ibpw sNø-Ww. AXp-

t]m-se-X-s∂, aen\oIcWw Ipd™ Du¿t÷m-ev]m-Z\coXnIƒ

hnIkn∏ns®Sp°m≥ Ah¿ ISs∏´ncn°p∂p. A{]-Imcw

sNøm≥ IgnbWsa¶n¬, `qan-bn¬ ISpØ aen-\o-I-c-Ww-

hcpØns°m≠pXs∂ henb ]ptcm-KXn t\Snb cmPy-ß-fpsS

klmbw Ah¿°v Bh-iy-am-Wv. kºp-jvS-amb kutcm¿÷-

Øns‚ {]tbm-P-\-sa-Sp-°-W-sa-¶n¬, [\-k-lm-b-Øn-s‚bpw

kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bp-sSbpw Bh-iy-ap-≠v. CXp-h-gn, hnIkzccmPy-

ßƒ°v, kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bpsS ssIam-‰w, kmt¶-Xn-I-k-lm-bw,

kmº-ØnI Dd-hn-S-ßƒ F∂n-h-bn-te°v {]th-i\w e`n-°p-

∂p. F∂m¬, Ah-cpsS bYm¿∞ -km-l-N-cy-ßfpambn

Xpe\wsNøptºmƒ Bhiyambncn°p∂Xnepw hfsc Ipd™

tXmXn¬ am{Xta Ch e`n°p∂p≈p. F¥psIms≠∂m¬,

134

""ASnÿm\kuIcyßƒ GXp kmlNcyØn\pth≠n cq]

Iev]\ sNøs∏ńcn°p∂pthm, AhnsS Ah XΩnep≈

s]mcpØw ]cym-]vX-amb coXn-bn¬ \n¿Wbn-°s∏ń-ń-√.''128

Imem-h-ÿ-mhy-Xn-bm-\-Øns‚ A]m-b-km-≤y-X-I-tfmSp Xpe\w

sNøp-tºmƒ, Ch-bpsS sNehv hf-sc-°p-d-hm-bn-cn -°pw.

Fßs\bmbncp∂mepw, Ch {]mY-an-I-ambn, P\-ß-ƒ XΩn-

ep≈ ZrV-_-‘sØ ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-bp≈ [m¿an-I -Xo-

cp-am\ßfmWv.

173. \S∏nem°mhp∂ A¥mcmjv{S DS-º-Sn-Iƒ ASn-b-

¥ncambn Bh-iy-am-Wv. Imc-Ww, {]mtZ-in-Im-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ ]e-

t∏mgpw ê-{]-Z-amb CS-s]-S-en\p tijn-bp-≈-h-c-√. Hmtcm-cp-

Ø-cp-sSbpw ]c-am-[n-Im-csØ ]c-kv]cw am\n-°p-∂ -hn-[-Øn-

em-bn-cn-°Ww cmjv{S-ßƒ XΩn-ep≈ _‘-ßƒ. F√m-h-scbpw

_m[n-°p∂ {]mtZ-in-I-Zp-c-¥-ßsf XS-bp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠ ]c-

kv]c AwKo-Ir-X-am¿K-ßƒ \S∏nem°m≥ cmjv{S-ßƒ Xøm-

dm-h-Ww. Akzo-Im-cy-amb {]hr-Øn-Iƒ XS-bp-∂-Xn\pw Npa-X-

e-Ifn¬ kΩ¿±-w sNep-Øp-∂-Xn\pw BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ hyh-

ÿm-]n-X-amb \nb-a-ßƒ Bh-iy-am-Wv. DZm-l-c-W-Øn-\v, kpi-

‡-cmb Iº-\n-Iƒ a‰p cmPyßfn¬ amen\yßƒ \nt£]n°p

∂Xpw aen-\o-I-cn-°p∂ hyhkmbßƒ ÿm]n°p∂Xpw

AkzoImcyamb \S]SnIfmWv.

174. kap-{Z-ß-fpsS `c-W-\n-b-{¥-W-co-Xn-sb-°p-dn-®p-IqSn

ChnsS \ap°p {]Xn-]m-Zn-°mw. A¥¿t±-io-bhpw {]mtZ-inI-

hp-amb ktΩ-f-\-ßƒ \S-°p-∂ps≠¶n¬Ø-s∂-bpw, \nb-a-Øn-

s‚bpw \nb-{¥-W-Øn-s‚bpw in£m-\-S -]-Sn -I-fp -sSbpw

kwhn[m\ßfpsS A`m-hhpw tNcnXncnhpw Cu ]cn-{i-a-

ßƒ°p Xpc¶whbv°p∂p. kap{Z amen\yßfpsS -h¿≤n-®p-h-

cp∂ {]iv\hpw ]pdwISens‚ kwc-£-Whpw {]tXy-I-amb

sh√p-hnfn t\cn-Sp∂ taJ-e-I-fm-Wv. ""BtKm-f-s]mXp-ap-X¬''

F∂p- hn-fn-°-s∏-Sp-∂- F√m‰ns‚bpw `cWkwhn[m\Øn\p

s]mXp-hmb Hcp Icm¿ sIm≠p-h-cpI F∂-XmWv ê-Øn¬

\ap°v ChnsS Bh-iyw.

175. BtKm-f-Xm-]-\-sa∂ {]Xn-`m-ksØ t\cn-Sm≥

Bhiyamb ASnÿm\-Xo-cp -am -\-ßƒ FSp°p∂-Xn -\p -

135


XS ambn \ne-sIm-≈p∂ AtX a\x-ÿn-Xn-X-s∂-bmWv Zmcn-{Zy

\n¿Ωm¿÷\w F∂ e£yw t\Sp-∂-Xn-\v FXncmbpw \ne-

sIm-≈p-∂-Xv. IqSp-X¬ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-]q¿W-amb Hcp ka{K-k-

ao-]\w c≠p {]iv\-ß-sfbpw ssIImcyw sNøp-hm≥ Bh-iy-

am-Wv ̨ A¥-co-£- a-en-\o-I-c-W-Øns‚ Ipd-bv°¬, hfsc ]mh-

s∏´ cmPy -ß-fp -sSbpw {]tZiß-fp -sSbpw hnI-k-\w˛ --------------- ˛

]cºcmKXambn ssIam‰w sNø-s∏´ \√ `c-W-co-Xn-Iƒ \ne-

\n¿Øp-tºm-gpw, cm-jv{S-ß-fpsS A[n-Im-c-i‡n Zp¿_-e-am-Ip-

∂-Xn\v Ccp-]-Øn-sbm∂mw \q‰m≠p km£yw hln-°p-∂p.

AXn\pImcWw, cmPyßƒ°nSbn¬ \ne\nev°p∂ kmº-Øn-

ILSIßƒ, {]tXy-In-®v, _nkn\kv Iº-\n-Iƒ, cmjv{So

bØn\pta¬ B[n]Xyw]pe¿Øm≥ {ian°p∂XmWv. Cu

kml-N-cy-Øn¬, IqSpX¬ Dd∏p≈Xpw ê{]Zambn kwL-Sn-

∏n°s∏Sp-∂-Xp-amb A¥¿t±-io-b- ÿm-]-\-ßƒ Bkq-{XWw

sNtø-≠Xv AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. Ahn-sS, tZiob Kh¨sa‚p-I-

fpsS ]£-]m-X-c-ln-X-amb AwKo-Im-cw-hgn \nb-an-°-s∏-Sp∂

`mc-hm-ln-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. IqSmsX, DØ-c-hp-Iƒ \S-∏n-

em-°m≥ Ah¿°v A[n-Im-chpw sImSp-Øn-cn-°-Ww. k`-bpsS

kmaq-ly-{]-t_m-[-\-Øns‚ XpS¿® F∂ \ne-bn¬, _\-UnIvSv

]Xn-\m-dm-a≥ am¿∏m∏ Dd-∏n-®p- ]-d-bp-∂Xpt]mse, ""BtKm-f-

km-º-Øn-I-ta-J-esb \nb-{¥-W-Øn¬ sIm≠p-h-cp-I, {]Xn-

k-‘n-bn¬s∏´pt]mb kºXvhyhÿ-Isf ]p\-cp-÷o-hn-

∏n°pI, Ct∏m-gsØ {]Xn-k-‘nIfpw AXns‚ ê-ambn

cq]wsIm≈p∂ henb Ac-£n-Xm-h-ÿ-Ifpw hjfmImXncn

°m≥ IcpXseSp°pI, ka-{Khpw Ah-k-tcm-Nn-X-hp-amb \ncm-

bp-[o-I-c-Whpw `£y-kp-c-£bpw kam-[m-\hpw \S-∏n-em-°p-I,

]cn-ÿn-Xn-kw-c-£Ww Dd-∏p-h-cp-ØpI, IpSn-tb‰w \nb{¥n°pI

˛ Ch-sb√mw \S-∏n-em-°m≥, Fs‚ ap≥Km-an-bm-bn-cp∂ tPm¨

Ccp-]-Øn-aq-∂m-a≥ am¿∏m∏ Ipd-®p-h¿j-ßƒ°p-apºp kqNn-

∏n-®n-cp-∂-Xp-t]m-se, \ap°mh-iy-ambncn°p∂Xv ]c-am¿∞-X-

bp≈ Hcp BtKmf- cm-jv{So-bm-[n-Imc kwhn[m\amWv.''129 \sΩ-

sb√mw _m[n°mhp∂ Kuc-hm -h -l-amb {]iv\ -ßƒ

ap≥Iqń°≠v BtKmf\b]cn]mSnIƒ hnIkn∏n°p∂Xn¬

\bX{¥Øn\p {]tXyI ÿm\ap≠v.

136

II. tZio-bhpw {]mtZ-inI-hp-amb ]pXnb \b-ßƒ°p-th-

≠n-bp≈ kwhmZw

176. cmPy-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬am{Xa√ hnP-bn-Itfm ]cm-Pn-Xtcm

D≈Xv, adn®v, hfsc Zcn-{Z-cmb cmPy-ßƒ°p≈n¬Øs∂bp

ap≠v. A°m-c-W-Øm¬, hyXy-kvX-ß-fmb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ßƒ

Xncn-®-dn-tb-≠Xv C∂ns‚ Hcm-h-iy-am-Wv. ]cn-ÿn-Xnsbbpw

kmº-Øn-IhnIk\sØbpw kw_‘n® {]iv\ßsf, cmPy-

ßƒ XΩn-ep≈ hyXym-k-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬am{Xw kao-

]n-®m¬ t]mcm; tZio-bhpw {]mtZinIhp-amb Xe-ß-fnse \b-

ßsf°pdn®p≈ IqSpX¬ {i≤ Cu hnjbßƒ Bhiys∏Sp

∂p≠v.

177. a\p-jys‚ Ign-hp-I-fpsS Zpcp-]-tbm-K-Øn-\p≈

bYm¿∞-km-[yXbp≈Xn\m¬, Xß-fpsS AXn-¿ØnIƒ

°p≈n¬ hy‡-amb ]≤-Xn-IfpsSbpw kl-I-c-WØns‚bpw

ta¬t\m-́ Øns‚bpw \S-∏n-em-°-en-s‚bpw DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw Ah-

K-Wn-°m≥ Hcp -cm-jv{S-Øn\pw km[ya-√. ]pXnb kmt¶-XnI

I≠p-]n-Sp-Ø-ßƒ CS-hn-SmsX \S°p-tºmƒ, Hcp kaq-l-Øn\v

AXns‚ `mhn-]-≤-Xn-Iƒ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm\pw `mhn kpc-£n-X-

am-°p-hm\pw Fßs\ km[n°pw? ta¬t\m-´-Øn-s‚bpw kl-

I-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw B[n-Im-cn-I-amb Hcp Dd-hnSw \nb-a-am-Wv.

s]mXp-\-∑-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ kzoIm-cy--amb am¿K-Z¿i-\-Øn-

\p-th≠ N´-ßƒ CXp \evIp-∂p. Btcm-Ky-ap-≈Xpw ]cn-]-

Izhpw ]cam-[n-Im-cap≈Xpamb Hcp kaq-l-Øn\p Npa-Øm-hp∂

]cn-[n-Iƒ Zo¿Lho£Ww, kpc-£n-X-Xzw, hyh-ÿm-]n-X-amb

N´-ßƒ, Ah-k-tcm-Nn-X-amb \S-∏m-°¬, Agn-a-Xn-bpsS

\n¿am¿P\w, DXv]mZ\-{]-{In-b-bpsS B{K-ln-°mØ ]m¿iz-^-

e-ß-tfm-Sp≈ Imcy-£-a-amb {]Xn-I-c-Ww, ap≥Iq´n ImWm\m

hmØ A]-I-S-km-≤y-X-Iƒ \nd-™- taJ-e-I-fnse A\p-tbm-

Py-amb CS-s]-S¬ F∂nh-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. _nkn-

\kv {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ hgn-bp-≠m-Ip∂ aen-\o-I-c-W-Øns‚

tXmXv Ipd-bv°p-∂-Xp-ambn _‘-s∏´ \nb-a-kw-ln-X-Iƒ cq]w-

sIm-≈p-∂p-≠v. cmjv{So-b-]-chpw ÿm]-\-]-c-hp-amb N´-°q-Sp-

Iƒ \ne-\n-ev°p-∂Xv, sX‰mb k{ºZmbßsf Hgn-hm-°m≥

am{Xa√, G‰hpw anI® {]h¿Ø\coXnIsf t{]m’mln

137


∏n°m\pw ]pXnb ]cnlmcßƒ tXSp∂Xn¬ {Inbm-fl-I-Xsb

DtØ-Pn -∏n -°p -hm\pw hy‡n-]-chpw kaq -l-]-c -hp -amb

kwc`ßsf t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°m\pw th≠nIqSnbmWv.

178. P\-X-bpsS D]-t`m-K-kw-kvIm-c-Øns‚ ]n¥p-W-tbmsS

kXzc^-e-ßƒ am{Xw tXSp∂ cmjv{Sobw {lkz-Im-e-h-f¿®

am{Xta t\Sp-I-bp-≈p. sXc-s™-Sp-∏pXmev]-cy-ß-fp≈Xn\m¬,

D]-t`m-K\nc°ns\ _m[n°p∂Xpw hntZi\nt£]Øn\p

A]ISkm[yX hcpØp∂Xpamb \nb{¥Wßƒ kzoIcn®v

s]mXpP\sØ Akzÿs∏SpØm≥ Hcp Kh¨sas‚pw

B{Kln°p∂n√. A[nImc cmjv{SobØns‚ {lkzZrjvSn Kh-

s◊‚ns‚ BI-am-\-ap≈ Imcy-]-cn-]m-Sn-bn¬ Zo¿L-Zr-jvSn-tbm-

Sp-Iq-sS-bp≈ ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-I-]-≤-Xn-Iƒ Dƒs°m-≈n-°m≥

t_m[]q¿hw Xma-kw -h-cpØpw. AXp-sIm≠v, ""ÿetØ-

°mfpw {]m[m\yap≈XmWp kabw'' F∂ XXzw \Ωƒ ad∂p

t]mIp∂p.130 A[n-Im-c-ÿm-\-ßsf apdp-sI-∏n-Sn-°p-∂-Xn-t\-

°mƒ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ°p cq]w sImSp-°p-∂-XmWv \sΩ kw_-‘n®v

Ft∏mgpw IqSp-X¬ ^e-{]-Zw. _p≤n-ap-t´-dnb ka-b-Øp-t]m-

epw, Zo¿L-Im-e-s]m-Xp-\-∑-sb-°p-dn®p Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw Db¿∂

XXz-Nn¥ apdp-sI-∏n-Sn-°p-Ibpw sNøptºmƒ, bYm¿∞- cm-Py-

X-{¥⁄XbmWv {]I-S-am-Ip-∂-Xv. cmjv{S-\n¿Ωm-W-sa∂ I¿Ω-

Øn¬ Cu ISa Gs‰Sp°pI F∂Xv cmjv{So-bm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ°v

A{X Ffp-∏-ap≈ Imcy-a-√.

179. ]p\x -ÿm-]n -°m-hp∂ Du¿÷ Dd-hn -S -ß-sf

Ignbp∂{X D]tbmKn®v, {]mtZ-in-I -kz-bw-]-cym-]vX-Xbpw an®-

ap≈ Du¿÷-Øns‚ hnev]-\bpw Dd-∏m-°p-∂ kl-I-c-W- ÿm-

]-\-ßƒ Nne-bn-S-ß-fn¬ cq]-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. efn-X-amb Cu DZm-l-

c-Ww-Xs∂ sXfn-bn-°p-∂Xv, Ct∏mƒ \ne-\n-ev°p∂ temI-`-

c-W-{Iaw kz¥w DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ßƒ Gs‰Sp°m≥ Ai-‡-

cmbncn°ptºmgpw, {]mtZ-in-I-hy-‡n-Iƒ°pw kaq-l-Øn\pw,

bYm¿∞ am‰w hcp-Øp-hm≥ km[n-°psa∂mWv. henb DØ-c-

hm-Zn-Xz-t_m-[w, Hcp Iq´m-bva-sb∂ i‡-amb Ah-t_m-[w,

a‰p-≈-hsc kwc-£n-°phm-\p≈ k∂-≤-X, {Inbm-fl-I-X-bpsS

ssNX\yw, tZi-tØm-Sp≈ AKm-[-amb kvt\lw F∂nh a‰p-

≈-hcn¬ P\n∏n°m≥ Ah¿°p Ignbpw. Xß-fpsS a°ƒ°pw

138

sIm®p-a-°ƒ°pw Ah¿ F¥mWp ssIamdm≥t]mIp∂Xv F∂-

Xn-s\°p-dn®v Ah¿°p Nn¥-bp-≠v. Cu aqey-ßƒ {][m-\-ambpw

Bg-Øn¬ thtcmSnbncn-°p-∂Xp Xt±ihmkn-Ifnem-Wv. Agn-

a-Xn-aqew, Nne ka-bØv, \nb-a-ß-fpsS \S-∏m-°¬ A]-cym-

]vX-ambXpsIm≠v, \n¿Wm-b-I-amb cmjv{So-b-\-S-]-Sn-Ifp≠m-

Ip∂Xn\p s]mXpP\-k-Ω¿±w BhiyamWv. IqSp-X¬ I¿i-\-

amb \nb-{¥-W-ß-fpw \S-]-Sn-Ifpw \nb-a-ßfpw cq]-s∏-

Sm≥th≠n, k¿°m-cn-X-c-kw-L-S-\-I-fn-eq-sSbpw a[y-h¿Øn-k-

aq-l-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw Kh-s◊‚n-s‚-ta¬ kaqlw kΩ¿±w sNe-

ØWw. tZio-bhpw {]mtZ-inIhpw \K-c-]-c-hp-amb cmjv{So-bm-

[n-Im-c-ßsf ]uc-∑m¿ \nb-{¥n-®n-s√-¶n¬, ]cn-ÿn-Xn°p kw -̀

hn-°p∂ tIm´-ßsf \nb-{¥n-°p-I- km-[y-a√. ]cn-ÿn-

Xnkw_‘amb Htc -\-b-ßsf ]n¥p-W-bv°p-hm≥ Ab¬°q-

´m-bva-Iƒ XΩn¬ [mcWbps≠¶n¬, {]mtZ-in-I-\n-b-a-

\n¿ΩmWw IqSp-X¬ ^e-{]-Z-am-Ipw.

180. Hmtcm cmPy-Øn\pw {]tZiØn\pw AXn-t‚-Xmb

{]iv\-ßfpw ]cn-[n-I-fp-ap-≈-Xp-sIm-≠v, sFI-cq-]y-ap≈

am¿Kßfn-√. {]Xn-_-≤-X-bv°pw AXns‚ kzoImcyXbv°pw

cq]wsImSp°p∂nStØmfwImew, cmjv{So-b-bm-Ym¿∞y-hmZw

]cnh¿Ø\hnt[bamb hyh-ÿ-Ifpw kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-I-fpw

Bhiys∏Sp-∂p≠v. AtX-k-a-bw, tZiobhpw {]mtZ-in-Ihpamb

-X-eßfn¬ Du¿÷-kw-c -£-W-Øn-\p≈ t{]m’m-l-\-

taJeIfn¬ C\nbpw hfsc°mcyßƒ sNtø≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

]c-am-h[n Du¿÷-Im-cy-£aXbp≈Xpw Ipd™tXmXn¬

Akw-kvIr-X-hkvXp°ƒ D]-tbm-Kn°p∂Xpamb hymh-km-bn-

tIm-ev]m-Z-\am¿Kßsf A\p-Iq-en -°pI, Du¿÷-ti-jn

Ipd™Xpw IqSp-X¬ aen-\o-I-cWw krjvSn-°p-∂-Xp-amb

DXv]∂ßsf hn]-Wn-bn¬\n∂pw ]n≥hen°pI,- K-Xm-K-X-kw-

hn-[m-\-ßƒ sa®-s∏-SpØpI, Du¿÷ D]-t`m-Khpw aen-\o-I-c-

Whpw Ipd-bv°pI F∂ e£y-tØm-sS-bp≈ \n¿Ωm-W-{]-

h¿Ø-\-ßfpw sI´n-S-ß-fpsS tISp-]mSp Xo¿°epw t{]m’m-

ln-∏n-°pI XpS-ßn-bh Ch-bn¬s∏-Sp-∂p. D]-t`m-K-coXnsb

hyXymks∏SpØpI, ]mgvhkvXp-°-fpsS \n¿am¿P\hpw ]p\-

cp-]-tbm-Khpw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p∂ kºZvhyhÿsb hnIkn

∏n°pI, Nne {]tXyI Pohn-h¿K-ßsf kwc-£n-°pI, sshhn-

[y-am¿∂ Irjn-co-Xnbpw hnf-I-fpsS amdn-am-dn-bp≈ D]-tbm-Khpw

139


\S-∏n-em-°pI XpS-ßn-b-h-bn-te°p {]mtZ-in-I-X-e-Øn-ep≈

cmjv{So-b-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßfpsS {i≤ Xncn-®p-hn-Sm≥ km[n°pw-.

{Kmaßfn¬ ASnÿm\kuIcytaJebnse \nt£]w, tZio-

b˛{]mtZ-inI Itºm-f-ß-fpsS anI® kwLm-S-\w, Pe-tk-N-\-

]-≤-XnIƒ, kpÿnc Im¿jnI kmt¶XnIhnZybpsS hnIk\w

F∂n-h-hgn Zcn-{ZtZiß-fnse Irjn-coXn sa®-s∏-Sp-Ømw. sNdp-

In-S -DXv]mZIcpsS Xmev]-cy-ßƒ kwc-£n-°Ø°hn[Øn¬

]pXnbXcw klIcW {]ÿm\ßfpw kmaqlnI kwLS\

Ifpw t{]m’mln∏n°mhp∂Xpw, AXphgn {]mtZ-in-I-]-cn-ÿn-

Xnsb \mi-Øn¬\n-∂pw- ]cnc£n-°mhp∂XpamWv. Xo¿®

bmbpw [mcmfw Imcyßƒ \ap°p sNøm\mIpw.

181. Imem-h-ÿ-mhy-Xn-bm-\tØmSpw ]cn-ÿn-Xn-kw-c-£-

W-tØmSpw _‘-s∏´ \b-ßƒ k¿°mcpIƒ amdnamdnhcp-∂-

Xn-\-\p-k-cn®p am‰p-hm≥ km[n-°p-I-bn√ F∂-Xn-\m¬, XpS¿®

AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv. êap≠mIm≥ kabhpw kXzcamb

apX¬apS°pw BhiyamWv. Hscm‰ k¿°mcns‚ ImeØpXs∂

{]ISamb êßƒ ImWm≥ km[n®ns√∂pw hcmw. AXp

sIm≠mWv, s]mXp-P-\-ß-fn¬\n∂pw ]uc-ÿm-]-\-ß-fn¬

\n∂pw kΩ¿±-ans√¶n¬, ASn-b-¥n-c ]cnlmcßƒ ImtW≠

Ah-k-c-Øn¬t∏m-epw, cmjv{So-bm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ CS-s]-Sm≥

Ft∏mgpw ssha-\kyw ImWn°p∂Xv. C°m-esØ kºZv

LS\sbbpw cmjv{So-b-sØbpw IogS°nbncn°p∂, {lkz-Im-

e-t\-´-ßfpw ê-ßfpwam{Xw e£ywhbv°p∂ a\ÿnXnbp

ambn t]mcmSnsb¶n¬am{Xta ap≥]d™ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ßfpw

Ahbv°p \evtI≠nhcp∂ hnebpw Gs‰-Sp-°p-hm≥ cmjv{Sob

°m¿°p Ignbq. F∂m¬, Ah¿ ss[cy-im-en-I-fm-sW-¶n¬,

ssZhw Ah¿°p \evInb al-Xz-Øn\p km£yw hln-°p-Ibpw

\nkzm¿∞ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-t_m-[-w sXfnbn°pIbpw sNøpw.

ÿm]-\-ßsf ]cn-jv°-cn-°p-hm\pw ]c-kv]-c-k-l-I-c-W-Øn¬

sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-hm\pw Ign-hp-≈Xpw, G‰hpw \√ k{ºZmb

ßsf t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p∂Xpw, A\ym-b-amb kΩ¿±-ß-sfbpw

DtZym-K-ÿ-hr-μ-Øns‚ Be-ky-ß-sfbpw adn-I-S-°p-∂-Xp-amb,

Btcm-Ky-ap≈ Hcp cmjv{So-b-w hfscb[nIw Bhiyambncn

°p∂p. Hcp Imcyw IqSn Iqń-t®¿°p-∂p. Ipeo-\-hpw DZmc-hp-

amb Hcp kaq-l-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-sa-∂-\n-e-bn¬ ip{iq-j-sN-

140

øm≥, hninjvSamb e£y-ßtfm aqey-ßtfm bYm¿∞hpw

Bgap≈Xp-amb am\-hn-I-Xtbm C√m-sb-¶n¬, G‰hpw \√

kwhn[m\ßƒ-t]mepw ]cm-P-b-s∏-Spw.

III. Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°p-∂-Xnse kwhmZhpw kpXm-cy-Xbpw

182. hym]m-c-kwcw`ß-fp-sSbpw ]≤-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw ]mcn-

ÿn-Xn-I- BLmXw \n¿Wbn°p∂Xn\v, BibkzmX{¥y

ap≈Xpw kpXm-cyhp-amb cmjv{So-b- {]-{In-b-Iƒ Bh-iyamWv.

AtX-k-a-bw, B\pIqeyßƒ ssI∏‰ns°m≠v, Hcp \n¿±n-jvS-

]-≤-Xn-bpsS bYm¿∞- ]m-cn-ÿn-Xn-I- BLmXw ad-®p-h-bv°p∂

AgnaXnbpsS cq]ßƒ, km[mcWbmbn ]pdw-tam-Sn am{Xa-p≈

Icm-dp-I-fn-te-°mWp \bn-°p-∂Xv. CØcw Icm-dp-Iƒ bYm¿∞

hnh-c-ßƒ \evIpItbm ]q¿Wamb kwhmZw A\p-h-Zn-°p-

Itbm C√.

183. Hcp hym]mc\nt£]Øns‚ cq]oIcWØnt\m,

{]tXy-I-\-bw-, ]≤-Xn, ]cn-]m-Sn F∂nh-bp-sS \n¿t±iØnt\m

ti-j-am-h-cp-Xv ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-I -BLmX-Øns‚ hnebncpØ¬.

CXv Bcw-̀ w-ap-X¬Øs∂, {]{In-b-bpsS ̀ mK-am-bn-cn-°-Ww. IqSm-

sX, CXp \S-∏n¬h-cp-tØ-≠-Xv, kmº-Øn-Ihpw cmjv{So-b-]-c-

hp-amb F√m kΩ¿±-ß-fn¬\n∂pw kzX-{¥-am-bpw, kpXm-cy-

am-bpw, ]ckv]c klIcWtØmsSbp-amhWw. CXv P\-ß-

fpsS imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-Ihp-amb Btcm-Kyw, {]mtZ-inI kº-

ZvL-S-\, s]mXp-kp-c-£ F∂nhbpsSta¬ hcpØmhp∂

BLmX-ß-sf°pdn®-pw sXmgn¬km-l-N-cy-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p-ap≈

]T-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-ń -cn -°Ww. CXphgn, km[yamb

kmlNcyßfpw, Zqjyêßƒ XncpØm≥ Bhiyamb

IqSpX¬ \nt£]ßfpw, ap≥Iqń°≠psIm≠v kmº-Øn-I-h-

c-hp-Iƒ th≠Xpt]me Bkq{XWw sNøm≥ km[n°pw. hyXy-

kvX-ß-fmb kao-]-\-ßfpw, ]cn-lm-c-ß-fpw, CX-c-am¿K-ßfpw

\n¿t±-in-°m≥ Ign-hp≈ hnhn[ Hml-cn-°m¿°nSbn¬ A`n-

{]m-b-k-a-\zbw cq]o-I-cn-°-Ww. Cu ktΩ-f-\-ß-fn¬ {]mtZ-in-

I-P-\-Xbv°v Hcp {]tXy-I-ÿm\w sImSp-Øn-cn-°-Ww. Xß-fp-

sSbpw a°-fp-sSbpw ̀ mhn-sb-°p-dn®v Ah¿ D¬°WvTmIpecmWv.

AXn\m¬, kXzcamb kmº-Øn-I-Xm-Xv]-cy-ßsf AXnibn

°p∂ e-£y-ßƒ ]cn-K-Wn°m≥ Ah¿°p Ignbpw. XmXv]cy

141


ap≈ F√m I£nIfn¬\n∂pw N¿®sNbvXp hnIkn∏n°s∏´

\bßƒ°\pkrXambn ]cnÿnXnsb c£n°m≥ ""CS-s]-S-

ep-I-fpsS'' ssienbnep≈ Nn¥-Iƒ Ah-km-\n-∏n-t°-≠Xv

AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. AØcw ]≤-Xn-I-sf-°p-dn®pw Ah-bn¬ ad-

™n-cn-°p∂ A]-I-S-ß-sfbpw km≤y-X-I-sf-bpw-Ip-dn®pw a\-

n-em-°m≥ Cu XXv]-c-I-£n-I-fpsS ]¶m-fnØw A\n-hm-cy-am-

Wv. CXp {]mY-anI Xocp-am-\-ßfpsS ImcyØn¬am{X-a-√, hnhn[

XpS¿\-S-]-Sn-IfpsSbpw \nb{¥WßfpsSbpw ImcyØnepw

thWw. imkv{Xo-bhpw cmjv{So-b-]-c-hp-amb N¿®-Ifn¬ kXy-

k-‘-Xbpw \njv°]SXbpw Bh-iy-am-Wv; Hcp {]tXy-I-]-≤-

Xnsb \nbaw A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂p-t≠m C√tbm F∂ hn-j-b-Øn¬

am{Xambn Cu kXyk‘Xbpw \njv°]SXbpw HXp-ß-cp-Xv.

184. Ct∏mgsØbpw ̀ mhn-bnsebpw s]mXp-\-∑sb _m[n-

°p∂ XcØnep≈ ]mcn-ÿn-XnI A]-I-S-km-≤y-XIsf

t\cnSptºmƒ, Xocpam\ßsfSpt°≠Xv, ""km[yamb CXc

am¿Kßfnep≈ A]ISkm[yXbpw {]tbmP\ßfpw ap≥Iqń

°≠p XmcXayw sNbvXpthWw.''131 {]Ir-Xn-hn-̀ -h-ß-fpsS henb

D]-t`m-Kw, h≥tXmXn-ep≈ ]pd-¥-≈¬ AYhm _ln¿K-a-\w,

-D-—n-jvS-ß-fpsS h¿≤-\hv, F∂nh Dƒs°m≈∂Xpw, `q{]Ir-

Xn°pw kwc-£nX Pohn-h¿KØns‚ hmk-ÿm-\-Øn\pw

s]mXp-ÿ-e-Øn\pw kmc-h-Ømb am‰-ßƒ°nSb°mhp∂Xp

amb ]≤XnbpsS ImcyØnepw CtXhn[w sNtø≠XmWv. Nne

]≤-Xn-Iƒ, A]-cym-]vX-amb coXn-bn¬am{Xta hnebncpØ

s∏Sp∂p≈psh¶n¬, i_vZ-a-en-\o-I-c-Ww, ImgvN-∏m-Sns‚ aWvU-

e-ßƒ Npcp-ß¬, kmwkvImcn-I-aq-ey-ß-fpsS \jvSw, AWp-i-

‡n-bpsS D]-tbmKwaqe-ap≈ ê-ßƒ XpS-ßn ap≥Iqń

ImWm\mhmØ Nne hyXy-kvX-LS-Ißfp≈XpsIm≠v, Hcp

{]tZ-i-Øns‚ Pohn-X-\n-e-hm-csØ _m[n-°pw. {lkz-Im-e-t\-

´-ßƒ°pw kzImcyXm-Xv]-cy-ßƒ°pw {]m[m\yw sImSp-°p∂

D]-t`m-K-kw-kvIm-c-Øn\v, A\p-hmZßƒ kwLSn-∏n-°m\pw hnh-

c-ßƒ ad-®p-h-bv°m\pw hfsc Ffp-∏-am-Wv.

185. \n¿t±-in°-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂ Hcp kwcw-`-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈

GsXmcp N¿®-bn-epw, Ie¿∏n-√mØ ka-{K-hn-I-k-\sØ CXv

klm-bn-°p-tam, C√tbm F∂v Xncn®-dn-bm≥ Nne tNmZy-ßƒ

tNmZn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CXpsIm≠v F¥p t\áp≠mIpw?

142

F¥p-sIm≠v? FhnsS? Ft∏mƒ? Fßs\? B¿°p-th≠n?

Fs¥m-s°-bmWv A]-I-S-km-≤y-X-Iƒ? F¥p hne \evtI≠n

hcpw? Bcv, Fßs\ B sNe-hp-Iƒ hln°pw? CXn¬ Nne

tNmZy-ßƒ°p IqSpX¬ {]m[m\yw sImSp-Øn-cn-°-Ww. DZm-l-

c-W-Øn-\v, sh≈w hfsc Zp¿e-`-ambXpw, F-∂m¬ AXy¥m

t]£nXhpamb Hcp hn`hamWv. a‰p a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ß-fpsS

\n¿Δ-l-WØn\p≈ ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb Hcp Ah-Im-i-hp-am-Wn-

Xv. Hcp {]tZ-isØ ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-I- BLmXØns‚ at‰sXmcp

hnebncpØent\°mfpw {]mapJyw e`nt°≠Xv Ahn-X¿°-

amb Cu hkvXpXbv°mWv.

186. 1992 se dntbm {]Jym-]\w ]d-bp-∂Xpt]mse,

""]cnlcn°m\mhmØtXm Kuc-hm-h-ltam Bb \mi-Øns‚

`oj-Wn- D≈nSØv, ]q¿W imkv{XobXo¿®bn√mbva HgnIgnhm

sbSpØv,'' ]cn-ÿn-Xn-timjWsØ XS-bp-∂, ""apX¬apS°pw

^eßfpw XΩnep≈ XmcXayw Dt]£n°m≥ ]mSn√.''132 Xß-

fpsS XmXv]-cy-ßsf {]Xn-tcm-[n-°m\pw A\n-tj-[y-amb sXfn-

hp-Iƒ tiJcn®p \evIm≥ IgnbmØhcpw G‰hpw {hWn-

XcmIm≥ km[yXbp≈hcpambhsc kwc-£n-°m≥ Cu

ap≥IcpX¬ XXzw klm-bn-°p-∂p. Hcp ]≤Xnhgn Kuc-hm-h-

lhpw ]cnlcn-°m-\m-hm-Ø-Xp-amb \miw D≠mImsa∂v

hkvXp\njvSamb hnhctiJcWw kqNn∏n°p∂psh¶n¬˛

AhnX¿°amb sXfnhpIƒ Cs√¶n¬t∏mepw ˛ B ]≤Xn

\ndp-Øn-h-bv°-Itbm ]cn-jvI-cn-°p-Itbm sNø-Ww. ChnsS

sXfn-hp-I-fpsS ̀ mcw t\sc Xncn®mWv. Fs¥∂m¬, ap≥]d™

kml-N-cy-Øn¬, \n¿t±-in-°-s∏-´ ]≤Xn ]cn-ÿn-Xnt°m

AhnsS h-kn-°p-∂-h¿t°m Kuc-h-amb Hcp lm\nbpw hcp-

Øp-I-bn√msb∂p hkvXp\njvSambpw bp‡ym\pkrXambpw

t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-ØWw.

187. Pohn-X-\n-e-hm-c-w sa®s∏SpØm≥ klmbn°p∂

GXp kmt¶-Xn-I -I-≠p-]n-Sp-Ø-ßsfbpw GXn¿°Wsa∂v

CXn\¿∞an√. F∂m¬, ]cnKWn°s∏tS≠ GI am\ZWvUw

em`w am{XamsW∂p- IcpXm\mhn√. ]pXnb kp{]-[m\ hnh-c-

ßƒ shfn-®-Øp-h-cp-tºmƒ, Xmev]cyap≈ F√mhscbpw

Dƒs∏SpØn-s°m≠v Hcp ]p\chtemI\Øn\p XømdmIWw.

143


\n¿±n-jvS-]-≤-Xn-bp-ambn apt∂m´p t]mIcpsXt∂m, AXns\

]cn-jv°-cn°Wsat∂m, hyXykvXamb Hcp -\n¿t±-iw ]cn-K-

Wn-°Wsat∂m D≈ Xocp-am-\-am-Imw AXns‚ A\-¥-c-^-ew.

188. hnim-e-amb A`n-{]m-b-k-a-\zbw Is≠-Øp-hm≥ _p≤n-

ap-´p≈ ]mcn-ÿn-XnI {]iv\-ßfpap≠v. cmjv{SbØn\p ]Icw

\nev°mt\m imkv{Xo-b-hnjbßfn¬ Xo¿∏pIev∏n°mt\m

k` B{Kln°p∂n√ F∂ Imcyw Rm≥ Bh¿Øn°s´.

F∂m¬, kXy-k-‘hpw Xpd-hn-bp-≈-Xp-amb Hcp kwhm-ZsØ

t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p∂Xn¬ Rm≥ Xev]c\mWv. AXp-h-gn,

{]tXyI XmXv]-cy-ßtfm {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-ßtfm s]mXp-\-∑sb

ap≥hn[ntbmsS ImWp-I-bn-√.

IV. a\pjykm£mXv°mcØn\pth-≠n-bp≈ kwhmZ-

Øn¬ cmjv{So-bhpw kº-ZvL-S-\bpw

189. cmjv{Sobw Hcn-°epw kº-ZvL-S-\bv°v A[o\s∏´p

t]mIcpXv. AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂, kº-ZvL-S\ Hcn-°epw t\´w

am{Xw e£yam°p∂ kmt¶-Xn-IhnZyIfpsS B⁄-Iƒ°p

Iogvhg-ßpI-bp-a-cp-Xv. C∂v, s]mXp-\-∑sb apºn¬°-≠v, Pohn-

X-Øns‚, {]tXy-In®p a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚, ip{iq-j-bv°p-

th≠n cmjv{So-bhpw kº-ZvL-S-\bpw Hcp Xpd∂ kwhmZØn-

te°v {]th-in-°p-∂Xv hfsc AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-amb Imcy-am-

Wv. \nt£]_m¶pIƒ s]mXpP\Øn\p \jvSw hcp∂

XcØn¬ \n¿_‘_p≤ntbmsS, apgph≥ kwhn[m\sØbpw

]p\chtemI\w sNøm\pw \hoIcn°m\pap≈ Hcpd®

Xocpam\saSp°ptºmƒ, kºZvhyhÿbpsS ]cmam[nIm

csØ Du´nbpd∏n°pbmWp sNøp∂Xv. F∂m¬, Cu

k¿hm[nImcØn\mIs´, tim`\amb ̀ mhnbn√ F∂p am{Xa√,

\nehnep≈ {]Xnk‘nbv°v kmh[m\Ønep≈Xpw Nnethdn

bXpw {]Xy£Øn¬am{Xw ImWs∏Sp∂Xpamb Hcp ]cnlmcw

\evInbtijw, ]pXnb {]Xnk‘nIƒ°v AXp P∑w \evIp

Ibpw sNøpw. [m¿an-I-X-Xz-ß-fn¬ IqSp-X¬ {i≤ ]Xn-∏n-

°p∂Xpw Dul°®hSØns‚ kmºØnIk{ºZmbßsf

\nb{¥n°p∂Xpamb ]pXnb kº-ZvL-S-\sb hnI-kn-∏n-°m-

≥, 2007˛2008 se kmº-ØnI {]Xn-k‘n Ah-kcsamcp-°n.

F∂m¬, Cu {]Xnk-‘n-I-tfm-Sp≈ {]Xn-I-c -WØn¬,

144

temIsØ XpS¿∂pw `cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂ Ime-l-c-W-s∏´

am\-Z-WvU-ß-sf-°p-dn®p≈ ]p\¿hn-Nn-¥\w Dƒs°m≈n®-n-√.

DXv]m-Z\w Ft∏mgpw bp‡n]q¿hIamIWsa∂n√. ImcWw,

hkvXp°fpsS bYm¿∞-hn-e-bv°v B\p]mXnIa√mØ Hcp

aqeyw Ahbv°p Iev∏n°p∂ kmºØnILSIßfpambn AXp

_‘s∏´ncn°p∂p. CXp an°-t∏mgpw Nne DXv]-∂-ß-fpsS

Aan-tXm-ev]m-Z-\-Øn-te°p \bn-°p-∂p. X∑qew, ]cn-ÿn-Xn-

bn¬ A\m-h-iy-amb BLmXßƒ krjvSn°s∏SpIbpw {]mtZ-

in-I-k-º-ZvL-S-\-bn¬ Zqjy^e-ßfphmIpIbpw sNøp∂p.133

kmºØnI XI¿® DXv]mZ\ XI¿®IqSnbmWv. bYm¿∞-k-

º-ZvL-S-\-bpsS {]iv\ßƒ Du¿PkzeXtbmsS sNdpØp

\nev°s∏Sp∂n√. F∂m¬, DXv]m-Z-\-Øn¬ A`n-hr-≤nbpw

sshhn-[y-ßfpw sIm≠p-h-cp-∂Xpw, Iº-\n-Isf \∂mbn {]h

¿Øn-°m≥ klm-bn-°p-∂Xpw, sNdpInS CSØc hym]mcßƒ

hnIkn°p∂Xn\p klmbn°p∂Xpw, sXmgn¬ km[y-X-Iƒ

krjvSn-°p∂Xpw Cu -k-º-ZvL-S-\ Xs∂bmWv.

190. ""hne-bp-sSbpw em`-Øn-s‚bpw [\-]-c-amb IW-°p-

Iq-´-ep-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬am{Xw ]cn-ÿn-Xn-kw-c-£Ww

Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm≥ km[n-°p-I-bn√ F∂ Imcyw Ft∏mgpw a\-

n¬ ImØp-kq-£n-°-Ww. ]cym-]vX-amb coXn-bn¬ Itºm-f-

i-‡n-Iƒ°v A`n-hr-≤n-s∏-Sp-Ømt\m kwc-£n-°mt\m Ign-

bmØ H∂mWp ]cn-ÿn-Xn.''134. hy‡n-I-fp-sSbpw Iº\n-Ifp-

sSbpw em`-Ønse h¿≤-\-hp-sIm-≠p-am{Xw {]iv\-ßƒ ]cn-

l-cn -°-s∏-Sp -sa∂ \nebn¬, Itºm-f-sØ-°p-dn -®p \ne

\nev°p∂ ambn-I-amb Bibw \Ωƒ Xnc-kvI-cn-t°-≠Xv Bh-

iy-am-Wv. em -̀h¿[\ F∂ Nn¥-am{Xw Xebv-°p-]n-Sn-®-h¿, ̀ mhn-

X-e-ap-dbv°pth≠n Xßƒ Ah-ti-jn-∏n-°p-∂ ]cn-ÿn-Xn-\m-

i-sØ°p-dn®p Kuchambn Nn¥n°psa∂v \ap°v {]Xo£n

°m\mhptam? em -̀sØ-°p-dn®v am{Xw k¶ev∏n-°p-∂n-SØv, {]Ir-

Xn-bpsS Xmf-{Iaw, AXns‚ £b-˛]p\-cp-÷o-h-\L´ßƒ,

am\pjnI CS-s]-S¬hgn Kuc-h-amw-hn[w Xmdp-am-dmImhp∂

BhmkhyhÿbpsS k¶o¿WX Ch-sb-°p-dn®v Nn¥-bp-≠m-

hn-√. IqSm-sX, ssPh-ssh-hn-[ysØ {][m-\-ambpw ]cn-K-Wn-

°p-∂Xp Nqj-W-Øn-\p-th-≠n- e`y-amb kmº-ØnI hn`hß

fpsS \nt£-]-am-bm-Wv. ssPhsshhn[yßfpsS bYm¿∞-aq-eyw,

145


hy‡n-Isfbpw kwkvIm-c-ßsfbpw kw_‘n®nStØmfw Ah-

bv°p≈ {]m[m\yw, ]mh-s∏´-h-cpsS D¬°WvTIfpw Bh-iy-

ßfpw F∂nh-sb-°p-dn®p Kuc-hm-h-l-amb Hcp Nn¥-bpw-

AhnsSbn-√.

191. Cu tNmZy-ßƒ Db¿Ø-s∏-Sptºm-sg-√mw, ]ptcm-K-

Xn-bp-sSbpw am\p-jn-I-hn-I-k-\-Øns‚bpw hgn-bn¬ XS w

\nev°m≥ bp‡n-c-ln-X-ambn ]cn-{i-an-°p-∂-h-cmWv Ah-sc∂v

a‰p-≈-hsc Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠v Nne¿ {]Xn-I-cn-°mdp≠v.

F∂m¬, DXv]m-ZØns‚bpw D]-t`m-K-Øn-s‚bpw Afhp Ipd-

bv°¬, Nne ka-b-ß-fn¬ as‰mcp Xc-Øn-ep≈ ]ptcm-K-Xn°pw

hnI-k-\-Øn\pw Imc-W-am-Ipsa∂pap≈ -t_m-[y-Øn¬ \Ωƒ

hf-tc-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv. {]Ir-Xn-hn-`-h-ß-fpsS kpÿncamb

D]-tbmKw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°m-\p≈ ]cn-{i-a-ßƒ ]Ww ]mgm-

°-e-√, AXn-t\-°mƒ D]-cn-bm-bn, a‰v CS-°mekmº-Øn-I-em-

`-ßƒ \evIm≥ Ign-bp∂ Hcp \nt£-]-am-Wv. hnim-e-amb Hcp

ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ t\m°n-bm¬, Ipd™tXmXn¬ am{Xw ]cn-

ÿnXnsb kzm[o-\n-°p-∂, hfsc sshhn-[y-am¿∂Xpw \qX-\-

hp-amb DXv]m-Z-\-am¿K-ßƒ hfsc em`-I-c-sa∂v sXfn-bn-®n-´p-

s≠∂v \ap°p ImWmw. CXv hnhn[ km[y-X-I-fn-te-°p≈

Xpd-hn-bpsS hnj-b-am-Wv. Cu km[yXIfmIs´, a\pjys‚

{InbmflIXsbtbm ]ptcm-K-Xnsb°pdn®p≈ Ahs‚ Bib

ßsftbm -izmkw ap´n-°p∂n√. ]ns∂-tbm, ]pXnb ssIh-gn-

I-fn-te°v Cu Du¿÷sØ \bn-°p-IbmWp sNøp∂Xv.

192. DZm-l-c-W-Øn-\v, IqSp-X¬ {Inbm-fl-Ihpw \√ coXn-

bn¬ \bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-amb DXv]m-Z-I-hn-I-k-\-Øns‚ am¿Kw,

D]-t`m-K-Ønse kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bpsS Aan-X-amb \nt£-]hpw

a\p-jy-Ip-Spw-_w A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂ Kuc-h-amb {]iv\-ßƒ

]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xnse A]-cym-]vX-amb \nt£-]hpw XΩn¬

Ct∏m-gp≈ Ak¥penXmhÿ ]cn-l-cn-°m≥ klm-bn-°pw.

]p\-cp-]-tbmKw, \ho-I-c-Ww, ]p\x-]-cn-h¿Ø\w Chsb kw_-

‘n® _p≤n]q¿hpw em`-I-c-hp-amb hgn-Iƒ°v P∑w \evIm≥

CXn\p Ignbpw. IqSm-sX, \K-c-ß-fpsS Du¿÷- -£-aX sa®-

s∏-Sp-Øm\pw CXp klmbn°pw. krjvSn°m\pw \ho-I-cn-°m-

\p-ap≈ am\p-jn-I-ss\-]p-Wy-Øns‚ ]q¿Wkm-[yX Dd-∏p-\-

146

evIm≥ DXv]m-Z\-Ønse sshhn-[y-h-Xv°-cWØn\p Ignbpw.

AtX-k-a-bw, ]cn-ÿn-Xnsb kwc-£n-°m\pw IqSp-X¬ sXmgn¬

Dd-hn-S-ßƒ krjvSn-°m\pw AXn\p km[n°pw. \ΩpsS hfsc

Ipeo-\-amb am\p-jn-I- I-gn-hp-I-fpsS DNn-X-amb {]Im-i-\-amWv

AØcw {Inbm-fl-I-X. ImcWw, kpÿnchpw \oXn]q¿hIhp

amb hnIk\sØ, Pohn-X-ta∑sb-∂ hnim-e-amb Bi-b-

Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬, _p≤n]q¿Δ-hpw ss[cy-]q¿Δ-hpw DØ-

c-hm-Zn-Xz-]q¿Δhpw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°m≥ \Ωƒ ]cn{ian°pw.

adphiØv, ]pXnb D]-t`m-K-h-kvXp-°ƒ°pw s]s´-∂p≈ em`-

Øn-\pw-th-≠n-am{Xw {]IrXnsb sIm≈sNøm\p≈ \qX\

ssienIƒ I≠p]nSn°p∂Xv, am\p-jn-I-amb hm°p-I-fn¬∏-d-

™m¬, A\p-Nn-Xhpw {Inbm-fl-I-Xbn√mØXpw D]-cn-π-h-hp-

am-Wv.

193. Fßs\bmbncp∂mepw, Nne Imcy-ß-fn¬, kpÿnc

hnI-k\w hf¿®-bpsS ]pXn-b-co-Xn-Iƒ Ah-ew-_n-t°-≠n-h-

∂n´p≠v. a‰p Nne kwK-Xn-I-fn¬, ]e ]Xn-‰m-≠p-IƒsIm≠v,-

aXn-h-cm-Ø-Xpw \ncp-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Xz-]-c-hp-amb hf¿® D≠m-bn-´p-

s≠¶nepw, bp‡nklamb ]cn-[n-Iƒ \n›-bn®psIm≠p

hf¿®sb HXp°n\ndpØpIbpw th≠nh∂m¬ h√msX sshIn

t∏mIp∂Xn\papºv \ΩpsS Nne \S]SnIƒ ]n≥hen°pIbpw

thWw. ÿncambn D]t`mKw \SØpIbpw \in-∏n-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂-h-cpsS kz`mhw F{X-am{Xw A\p-NnX-am-sW∂p \ap-

°-dn-bmw. AtX-k-a-bw, a‰p-≈-h¿ Ah-cpsS a\p-jy-a-l-Xz-Øn\p

tN¿∂ hn[-Øn¬ Pohn-°m≥ Ign-hn-√m-Ø-h-cm-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

AXp-sIm-≠m-Wv, temIØns‚ Nne ÿe-ß-fn-¬ BtcmKyIc

amb hf¿®bp≠mIm≥th≠n AhntS°v hn`-h-ßƒ \evIm

\mbn, a‰pNne `mK-ß-fn¬ hf¿® Ipdbv°m\p≈ kabambn

F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. _\UnIvSv ]Xn-\m-dm-a≥ am¿∏m∏ {]kvXm-

hn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se, ""XßfpsS Du¿÷ D]-tbmKw Ipd-®p-

sIm≠pw, Imcy-£-aX h¿≤n-∏n-®p-sIm-≠pw, kmt¶-Xn-I-ambn

apt∂-dnb kaq-l-ßƒ IqSp-X¬ anXXzap≈ Pohn-X-ssi-en-Iƒ

t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°m≥ Xøm-dm-bn-cn-°Ww.''135

194. ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS \ho-\-am-Xr-I-Iƒ cq]-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\p-

th≠n, ""BtKm-f-hn-I-k-\-Øns‚ amXr-I-Iƒ'' amt‰-≠Xv Bh-

147


iy-am-Wv;136 ""kº-ZvhyhÿbpsS sX‰mb {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw

{]tbm-K-ßfpw Xncp-Øm\mbn, AXns‚ A¿∞-e£yßsf-°p-

dn®v DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-]q¿Æ-amb Hcp hnNn¥\w'' CXv A\n-hm-cy-

am-°n-Øo¿Øn-cn-°p-∂p.137 {]IrXnsb kmº-Øn-I-em`tØmsS

kwc-£-n°pItbm ]cnÿnXnsb ]ptcmKXntbmsSm∏w

]cn]men°pItbm sNøp∂XpsIm≠pam{Xw k¥p-en-X-mhÿ

kwPmXamhpIbn√. `mKnI\S]SnIƒ A\nhmcyamb Zpc-

¥sØ Aev]w Xma-kn-∏n-°p-∂p-sh-t∂-bp-≈q. efn-X-ambn ]d-

™m¬, ]ptcm-KXnsb°pdn®p≈ \ΩpsS Bi-bsØ ]p\¿

\n¿Δ-Nn-°pI F∂XmWv ChnSpsØ hnj-b-w. Bcw`Øn¬

Øs∂ ka-{K-amb Db¿∂ Pohn-X-\n-e-hm-chpw sa®-s∏´ Hcp

temIhpw km[yam°mØ km-º-Øn-I˛kmt¶XnI hnI-k-

\sØ ]ptcm-K-Xn-bmbn ]cn-K-Wn-°m-\m-hn-√. hmkvX-h-Øn¬,

an°t∏mgpw kmºØnIhf¿®bpsS a[yØn¬, BfpIfpsS

PohnX\nehmcw ]cn-ÿn-XntimjWw-, KpW-ta∑ Ipd™ ̀ £-

Ww, hn -̀hZmcn{Zyw F∂nhbm¬ Ipdbp∂XmbmWp ImWp∂Xv.

Cu kml-N-cy-Øn¬, kpÿnc hf¿®-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ kwkmcw,

km[m-c-W-bmbn {i≤ hyXnNen∏n°m-\pw, Hgn-I-gnhv ]d-bm-

\p-ap≈ Hcp am¿K-am-bn amdmdp≠v. ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bpsS aqey-ßfpw

`mj-Ifpw kmt¶XnIm[n]XyØns‚bpw kºØns‚bpw

ssienIfnte°v BKncWw sNøs∏Sp∂p. hym]mcØns‚

kmaq-ln-Ihpw ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-I-hp-amb DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw, an°t∏mgpw

{]XnOmb sa®s∏SpØp∂Xn\pw hn]W\w h¿≤n∏n°p∂

Xn\pap≈ am¿K-ß-fpsS \ncbnte°v Npcp-ßn-bn-cn°p∂p.

195. ]camh[n em`w F∂ XXzw, a‰p ]cn-K-W-\-I-fn¬

\ns∂√mw hn´v, kº-Zvhyhÿ F∂ k¶ev∏sØ°pdn®p≈

sX‰n≤mcWsb {]Xn-̂ -en∏n-°p-∂p. DXv]m-Z\w h¿≤n-°p-∂Xn-

\-\p-k-cn®v, `mhn-hn-`-h-ß-fpsStbm ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bpsStbm

BtcmKyw Aev]wt]mepw ]cnKWn-°s∏Sp-∂n√. h\w shń-

am -‰ - n IrjnsNøptºmƒ DXv]m-Z\w IqSp -∂p. F∂m¬,

AXnepƒt®¿∂ncn°p∂ acp-`q-an-h-Xv°-cWw, ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-

Øn\p kw -̀hn-°p∂ lm\n, aen-\o-I-c-W-h¿≤-\hv Ch-sbm∂pw

Bcpw IW-°n-se-Sp-°p-∂n-√. H‰-hm-°n¬∏-d-™m¬, Dƒs∏-ń-

cn-°p∂ hne-bpsS Hcw-iw-am{Xw IW-°p-Iq-´p-Ibpw {]Xn-êw

148

sImSp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-≠mWp I®hS°m¿ AXn¬\n∂p

em`w sImøp-∂-Xv. ""]¶p-h-bv°-s∏-Sp∂ ]cn-ÿn-Xn-hn-̀ -h-ß-fpsS

D]-tbm-K-Øn\p kmº-Øn-Ihpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-ambn sImSp

t°≠nhcp∂ hne kpXm-cy-X-tbmsS AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw, AXp

NqjWw sNbvX-h¿Øs∂ ˛ a‰p P\-ßtfm `mhn-X-e-ap-dtbm

A√ ̨ 138 AXns‚ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw ]q¿Æ-ambpw Gs‰-Sp-°pIbpw

sNøp-tºmƒ am{XamWv,'' AXns\ [m¿an-I-amb {]hr-Øn-bmbn

IW-°m°mhp∂Xv. hn`-h-ßsf hoXn®p\evIp∂Xp Itºm-f-

ambmepw cmjv{S-Øns‚ tI{μm-kq-{X-W-ambmepw, C∂sØ Bh-

iy-ß-sf Xr]vXns∏SpØm≥ am{Xw DXIp∂ bmYm¿∞y-ß-

fpsS Hcp hniIe\w \evIm\mWp bp‡nNn¥ -{i-an-°p∂Xv.

196. cmjv{So-b-Øn\v F¥p kw`-hn-°p∂p? kaq-l-Øns‚

Hmtcm Xe-Ønepap≈ Ignhp-Isf hnI-kn-∏n-°p-hm-\p≈

kzmX{¥yw \evIp∂tXmsSm∏w, IqSpX¬ A[n-Imcw t]dp∂

hcn¬\n∂p s]mXp-\-∑-bv°p-th-≠n-bp≈ IqSpX¬ DØ-c-hm-Zn-

Xz-w Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂ IogvLSIim‡oIcWXXzw

(principle of subsidiarity) \ap°p a\- n¬ kq£n-°mw. Nne kmº-

Øn-I-hn-̀ m-K-ßƒ cmjv{S-tØ-°mƒ D]-cn-bmb A[n-Imcw {]tbm-

Kn-°p∂p F∂XmWv C∂sØ Ahÿ. F∂m¬, cmjv{SX{¥w

IqSm-sX-bp≈ kmºØnIimkv{Xw \ymbo-I-cn-°m-\m-hn-√. Imc-

Ww, C∂sØ {]Xn-k-‘n-bpsS hnhn[ hi-ßsf ssIImcyw

sNøm≥ a‰p-h-gn-Iƒ kzoIcn-°p-∂Xv CXv Akm-[y-am-°p-∂p.

]cn-ÿn-XntbmSv Bflm¿∞-amb ]cn-K-W-\bn√mØ at\m-`m-

hhpw, kaq-l-Ønse G‰hpw {hWs∏Smhp∂ Aw-K-ßsf Ah

KWn°p∂ at\m`mhhpw H∂pXs∂bmWv. G¥psIm≠∂m¬,

""hnP-b-Øn\pw kzm{i-b-Xz-Øn\pw Du∂¬ sImSp-°p∂

C∂sØ amXr-I, Pohn-X-Øn¬ Ah-k-c-ßƒ Is≠-Øm≥

Ignhv Ipd-™-hcpw, Zp¿_-e-cpw, aμ-K-Xn-°m-cp-am-b-hsc klm-

bn -°m-\p≈ bXv\-Øn¬ ]Ww hn\ntbmKn°p∂Xns\

A\pIqen°p∂Xmbn tXm∂p∂n√.''139

197. {]Xn-k-‘n-bpsS hnhn[ hi-ßsf ssIImcyw

sNøm≥ Ignbp∂, \ho-\hpw ka-{Khpw ]ckv]cm{ibXz

ap≈Xp-amb kao-]-\-Øn\p Ign-hp-≈-Xpw, Zo¿L-Zr-jvSn-bp-≈-

Xp-amb cmjv{SX{¥amWv C∂p \ap-°m-h-iyw. an°-t∏m-gpw,

149


cmjv{Sobw t\cnSp∂ A]-Jym-Xn-°p-≈ -D-Ø-c-hm-ZnXzw cmjv{So-

b-Øn\pXs∂-bm-Wv. i‡-amb s]mXp-\-b-ßƒ \n¿Ωn-°p-∂-

Xn-ep≈ ]cm-P-bhpw Agn-a-XnbpamWv CXn\p ImcWw. cmjv{Sw

AXns‚ GsX¶nepsamcp {]tZiØp kz¥w DØchmZnXzw

\ndth‰msXhcptºmƒ, Nne hym]mc hn`mKßƒ, D]ImcnIƒ

F∂ hymtP\ apt∂m´p hcpIbpw bYm¿∞ A[n-Imcw {]tbm-

Kn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. Nne \nb-a-ß-fn¬\n∂pw Xß-ƒ°v Hgn-

hp≈X-mbn Ah¿ IcpXpIbpw, a\p-jy-°-S-Øv, ab-°p-a-cp∂p

hym]m-cw, A{Iaw XpS-ßn-b kwL-Sn-X-Ip-‰-Ir-Xy-ßtfmSp

hn´phogvN sNøpIbpw sNøpw. ]n∂oSv Ah D∑qe\wsNøpI

ZpjvIcambncn°pw. cmPyX{¥w CØcØnep≈ Xe-Xn-cn™

\ymb-hmZsØ XI¿°m≥ {]m]vXnbn√mØXmWv F∂p kzbw

ImWn-°pIbpw ̂ e{]Za√mØ N¿®-I-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂Xv XpS-

cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-sh-¶n¬, a\p-jykaqlØns‚ {][m\ {]iv\-

ßƒ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-∂Xp \Ωƒ Hgnhm°ns°mt≠bncn°pw.

bYm¿∞-am-‰-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ ]≤Xn Hcp ]p\¿hn-Nn-¥-\-{]-

{Inb Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu ]≤Xnbn¬ Nne D]-cn-π-h-amb

]mcn-ÿn-XnI ]cn-K-W-\-Iƒ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bm¬ am{Xw t]mcm,

Ct∏m-gsØ kwkvIm-cØn\p ]n∂nep≈ bp‡nsb tNmZyw

sNøpIbpw thWw. Btcm-Ky-ap≈ Hcp cmjv{Sobw, Cu sh√p-

hnfn Gs‰-Sp-°m≥ Ign-hp-≈-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww.

198. Zmcn-{ZysØ°pdn®pw ]cn-ÿn-XntimjWsØ°pdn®pw

kwkmcn°ptºmƒ, cmjv{So-bhpw kº-ZvL-S-\bpw ]c-kv]cw

Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ {]h-WX ImWn-°p-∂p. Ah¿ s]mXp-\-∑sb

e£yw h®p≈ ]c-kv]-c-{]-h¿Ø-\-ssi-en-Iƒ Is≠-Øp-Ibpw

Xß-fpsS kz¥w sX‰p-Iƒ AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-sa∂p

{]Xo-£n-°mw. Nne¿ kmº-ØnI t\´-Øn¬ am{Xw {i≤ ]Xn-

∏n-°p-tºmƒ, a‰p Nne¿ XßfpsS A[n-Imcw h¿≤n∏n-°mt\m

AXn-t\mSp H´ntN¿∂p \nev°mt\m am{Xw -{i-an-°ptºmƒ,

\ap°p apºn¬ Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂Xp Ie-l-ß-tfm hymPamb I-

cm-dp-Itfm am{XamWv. Cßs\bp≈ IcmdpIfn¬ c≠p hn`m-K-

ßfpw ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bpsS ]cn-]m-e-\bpw apdns∏Smhp∂hsc kwc-

£n-°-epw -Ah-km-\w am{XamWp ]cnKWn°p∂Xv. Chn-sS-

bpw, ""sFIyw ̀ n∂Xsb°mƒ t{ijvTamWv'' F∂ XXzw F{X

icn-bmWv F∂v \Ωƒ a\- n-em-°p∂p.140

150

V. aXhpw imkv{Xhpw XΩn-ep≈ kwhmZw

199. Poh-s\-°p-dn®pw Poh-Pm-e-ßƒ°nSbnep≈ ]c-kv]-

c-{]-h¿Ø-\sØ°pdn®pw, bmYm¿∞yw apgp-hs\°pdn®pw ]cn-

]q¿W hniZoIcW-w {]mtbm-KnIimkv{Xw \evIp∂p F∂v

ka¿∞n-°m-\m-hn-√. CXn-s‚-Xs∂ {]h¿Ø-\-{Iaw \n›-bn-

®n-cn-°p∂ ]cn-[n-I-fpsS ewL-\-amIpw CXv. imkv{X-Øns‚

]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ°p-≈n¬\n-∂p-sIm≠pam{Xw \Ωƒ Nn¥n-®m¬,

kuμ-cy-t_m-[w, Imhy-km-ln-Xyw, hkvXp-°-fpsS BXy-¥n-I-

amb A¿∞hpw e£yhpw a\- n-em-°m-\p≈ Nn¥-bpsS Ign-

hv141 Ch-sbm∂pw Ahn-sS-bp-≠m-hn-√. Rm≥ Iq´n-t®¿°m\m

{Kln°p-∂p, ""aX-]-c-ambn aqey-ap≈ Iem-kmlnXykr-jvSn-Iƒ

Hmtcm Ime-L-´-Ønepw A¿∞-h-ØmWv F∂p sXfn-bn-®n-´p-

≠v. ]pXnb N{I-hm-f-ßƒ Xpd-°m-\p≈ kpZo¿L-amb tijn

Ch-bv°p≠v. aX-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ cq]w-sIm≠p

F∂ Imc-W-Øm¬am{Xw Nne {KŸß-sf _ln-jvI-cn-°p-∂Xp

bp‡n-k-l--amtWm?''142 F√m kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬\n∂pw AI-∂p-

\n-∂v, ]q¿Æ-ambpw Aaq¿Ø-am-bmWp [m¿an-I-X-Xz-ßƒ Ah-

sb-Øs∂ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv F∂p Nn¥n-°p∂Xp XnI®pw

_meni-am-Wv. s]mXp-kw-hm-Z-Øn¬ Ahbv°p ÿm\an√mØ

-hn-[-Øn¬, Ah aX-]-c-amb ̀ mj-bv°p-≈n¬ ad-™p- In-S-°p-I-

bmWv F∂-X√ hkvXp-X. bp‡n-sIm≠p a\- n-em-°m≥ km[n-

°p∂ \oXn-X-Xz-ßƒ hnhn[ thj-ßfn¬ ho≠pw {]Xy-£-

s∏-Smw; aX-]-c-ambXpƒs∏sS hnhn[ `mj-I-fn¬ {]I-Sn∏n-°-

s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNømw.

200. a\p-jy-hw-i-Øn\v AXns‚ ZnimkqNn \jvSs∏Sp

Itbm, sFIy-Øn¬ Pohn-°m\pw XymK-ßƒ A\p-jvTn-°m\pw

a‰p-≈-htcmSp \∂mbn s]cpamdm\pw \sΩ klm-bn-°p-∂

henb e£y-t_m-[-ß-ƒ ssItamiw hcnItbm sNøpIbmsW

¶n¬, \ΩpsS temI-Øns‚ Kuc-h-amb {]iv\-ßƒ ]cn-l-cn-

°m≥ imkv{Xw aptºm´phbv°p∂ kmt¶-Xn-I-]cnlmc-ßƒ

Ai-‡-ß-fm-Wv. hnizm-kn-Iƒ°p Xs∂bpw, XßfpsS {]hr-

Øn-Iƒ hnizmkØn\p hn-cp-≤-am-bn-cn-°msX, AXnt\mSp ka-

RvP-k-amb coXn-bn¬ Pohn-°m≥ Xßƒ sh√p-hn-fn-°-s∏-Sp-

∂-Xmbn Ft∏mgpw A\p-`-h-s∏-SWw. ssZh-Øns‚ Ir]tbmSv

Ft∏mgpw Xpd-hn-bp-≈-h-cm-bn-cn-°p-hm\pw kvt\lw, \oXn, kam-

151


[m\w Ch-sb-°p-dn®p Xßƒ°p≈ Bg-ap≈ t_m[y-ß-

fn¬\n∂pw {]tNmZ\w CS-hn-SmsX kzoI-cn-°phm\pw Ah¿

t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°-s∏-tS-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv. Nnet∏msg¶nepw,

\ΩpsSXs∂ XXzßsf°pdn®p \ap°p≈ sX‰mb [mcW

{]Ir-Xn-tbmSv tami-ambn s]cp-am-dp-∂-Xns\ \ymbo-I-cn-°p-I-

tbm, krjvSn-bp-sS-ta¬ GIm-[n-]Xyw ASn-t®-ev∏n-°p-Itbm

bp≤w, A\oXn, A{I-a-{]-hr-Øn-Iƒ Ch-bn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-Itbm

sNøp-∂-Xn-te°v \sΩ \bn-®m¬, A{]-Imcw sNbvXXp-h-gn,

kwc-£n-°m\pw ]cn-]m-en-°m-\p-ambn \Ωƒ hnfn-°-s∏-´n-cn-

°p∂ ⁄m\-Øns‚ \n[n-I-tfmSp \Ωƒ Ahn-iz-kvX-cm-bn-

cp∂p F∂v \Ωƒ hnizm-kn-Iƒ AwKo-I-cn-°-Ww. hyXykvX

Ime-L-´-ß-fnse kmwkvIm-cn-I-]-cn-an-Xn-Iƒ, [m¿an-Ihpw

B≤ym-fln-I-hp-amb Cu \n[n-I-sf°p-dn-®p≈ Ah-t_m-[sØ

_m[n-®n´p--≠v. F¶n-epw, Ah-bpsS Dd-hn-S-ß-fn-te°v \nc¥cw

aS-ßns°m≠v, C∂ns‚ Bh-iy-ß-tfmSp {]Xn-I-cn-°m≥ aX-

ßƒ k¿Δ-k-÷-am-Ipw.

201. `qan-bn¬ Pohn-°p∂ `qcn-`mKw P\-ßfpw hnizm-kn-

I-fm-sW∂mWv G‰p]dbp∂p. CXv {]Ir-Xn-bpsS kwc-£-Ww,

Zcn{Zsc ]cn]men°¬, _lp-am-\-Øn-s‚bpw kmtlm-Z-cy-Øn-

s‚bpw IÆn-I-fpsS cq]o-I-cWw F∂nhbv°p-th≠n kwhmZ-

152

Øn-te¿s∏-Sm≥ aXßsf t{]cn-∏n-°-Ww. Xß-fp-sS-Xs∂ ̀ mj-

I-fn¬ AS-bv°-s∏-´p-In-S-°p-hm-\p≈ {]h-WX Hmtcm- imkv{X

imJbv°pw D≈-Xp-sIm-≠v, hnhn[ imkv{X-ßƒ°n-S-bn-ep≈

kwhmZhpw AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ Bh-iy-am-Wv. Hcp {]tXyI

taJebnep≈ hn-⁄m\w B¿÷n-°¬ (specialization) HcpXcw

H‰-s∏-S-en -te-°pw, XßfpsS Adn-hns‚ taJ-e-IfmWp

]caambsX∂ AhImihmZØn-te°pw \bn-°pw. ]cn-ÿn-

Xn{]iv\-ßƒ ̂ e-{]-Z-ambn A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂pw CXp

\sΩ XS-bp-∂p. {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-]-c-ambn Imcyamb -hy-Xym-k-

ßƒ C√mØ hnhn[ ]cn-ÿn-Xn{]ÿm-\-ßƒ XΩn¬ Xpd-hn-

bp-≈Xpw BZ-c-thm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xp-amb kwhmZhpw Bh-iy-am-Wv.

]cn-ÿn-Xn-- {]-Xn-k-‘n-bpsS KpcpXzw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp -∂Xv,

\msa√mhcpw s]mXp-\-∑-bn-te°v e£yw hbv°Ww F∂m-

Wv. ""bmYm¿∞y-ß-fmWv Bi-b-ß-tf-°mƒ t{ijvTw''143

F∂Xv Ft∏mgpw a\- n¬ kq£n-®p-sIm-≠v, £a, Bfl-

\nb{¥Ww, alm-a-\-kvIX F∂nh Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂ kw`m-j-

W-am¿Kßƒ Ah-ew-_n-°-Ww.

153

]cn-ÿnXnhnZym-̀ ym-khpw B≤ym-fln-I-Xbpw

A≤ymbw 6

]cn-ÿnXnhnZym-̀ ym-khpw

B≤ym-fln-I-Xbpw

202. F√mw am‰Øn\p hnt[bamWv. ]t£, Ch-bvs°√mw

D]-cn-bmbn am‰w Bh-iy-am-bn-cn-°p∂Xp a\pjyhwi-Øn-\m-

Wv. \ΩpsS s]mXp-hmb Dev∏-Øn-tbbpw ]ckv]c_‘

sØbpw F√m-h-cp-ambn ]¶p-h-bv-°s∏-tS≠ `mhn-tbbpwIpdn-

®p≈ Ah-t_m[w \ap-°v C√m-Xm-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Cu ASn-ÿm\

Ah-t_m[w ]pXnb t_m[y-ß-fp-sSbpw at\m`mh-ß-fp-sSbpw

Pohn-X-{I-a-ß-fp-sSbpw hnIm-k-Øn\p \sΩ {]m]vX-cm-°pw.

kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw B≤ym-fln-Ihpw hnZym-`ym-k-]-c-hp-amb

At\Iw sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ \ΩpsS apºn¬ Dbcp-∂p-≠v. \ho-I-c-

W-Øns‚ kpZo¿L-amb ]mXbnte°v CdßnØncn°m≥ Ch

\tΩmSv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p.

I. Hcp ]pXnb Pohn-X-{I-a-Øn-te°v

203. Dev∏-∂-ßƒ hn‰-gn-°m-\p≈ hy{KXbn¬ ]c-am-h[n

D]-t`m-KsØ t{]m’mln∏n-°p∂ {]h-WX hn]-Wn-I-fn¬ D≈-

Xn-\m¬, A\m-h-iy-amb hmß-ep-I-fp-sSbpw Nne-hgn°ep-I-fp-

sSbpw Npg-en-°m‰n¬ a\p-jy≥ Ffp-∏-Øn¬ IpSpßnt∏m

tb°mw. kmt¶-XnI kmº-Øn-I amXrI hy‡nIsf Fßs\

_m[n-°msa∂Xns‚ Hcp DZm-l-c-W-amWv \n¿_-‘nX D]-t`m-

Kw. t\csØXs∂ sdmamt\m K¿Zo\n CXv ap≥Iq´n I≠n-cp-

∂p: ""b{¥w D]tbmKn®p≈ DXv]mZ\Øns‚bpw Aaq¿Øamb

]≤XnIfpsS hyqlØns‚bpw amXrIIfm¬ Xs‚ta¬

ASnt®ev∏n°s∏Sp∂ D]IcWßfpw kmt¶XnIhnZyIfpw

a\pjy≥ Nn¥miq\y\mbn kzoIcn°p∂p; AXp PohnXØns‚

Xs∂ `mKambn amdp∂p. Ahs‚ Cu s]mcpØs∏S¬ bp‡n

154

klhpw \oXoIcn°mhp∂XpamsW∂v Ipd™tXm IqSnbtXm

Bb tXmXn¬ Ah≥ IcpXp∂p.''144 D]t`mKØn\p≈

km¶ev]nIkzmX{¥yw Xßƒ°p≈nStØmfw Imew Xßƒ

kzX{¥cmsW∂p hnizkn°p∂Xnte°v Cu amXrI a\p-jysc

\bn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬, bYm¿∞Øn¬ kzX{¥cmbncn°p∂Xv

kmº-Øn-Ihpw [\-]-c-hp-amb A[n-Imcw ssIøm-fn-bn-cp∂ Hcp

\yq\-]£w am{XamWv. Cu Bi-b-°p-g-∏-ß-fpsS \Sp-hn¬

\nev°p∂ DØ-cm-[p-\nI a\p-jy≥, am¿K\n¿t±-i-ßƒ \evIm≥

Ignhp≈ Hcp ]pXnb kzbm-h-t_m[w t\Sn-sb-Sp-Ønń-√. Cu

hy‡n-Xz-an-√m-bva-bmWv DXvI-WvT-I-fpsS Dd-hn-Sw. \ap°p

[mcmfw am¿K-ßfpw Igºn√mØ GXm\pw e£y-ß-fp-amWp

≈-Xv.

204. \ne-hn-ep≈ BtKmf A¥-co£w Aÿn-c-X-bp-sSbpw

A\n-›n-X-Xz-Øn-s‚Xpamb hnIm-c-ß-fmWv Df-hm-°p-∂-Xv.

CXmWv Ime-{I-taW ""Iq´mb kzm¿∞-X-bp-sSbpw hnf-\n-e''am-

Ip-∂-Xv.145 Ft∏mƒ a\p-jy≥ X∂nte°p tI-{μoIcn°s∏´

h\pw Xpd-hn-bn-√m-Ø-h-\p-am-Ip∂pthm, AhnsS Zpcm-{Klw

h¿≤n-°p∂p. F{X-tØmfw Hcphs‚ lrZbw iq\y-am-Ip∂pthm,

A{X-tØmfw Aht\m/Ahtfm km[-\-ßƒ hmßn°q´p-Ibpw

kz¥-am-°p-Ibpw D]tbmKn°p-Ibpw sNøp∂Xv Hgnhm°m\m

hmsX hcp∂p. ]t£, bmYm¿∞y-ßƒ ASn-t®¬∏n-°p∂ ]cn-

[n-Isf AwKo-I-cn-°pI F∂Xv ChnsS Gsd-°psd Akm-[y-

ambn hcp-∂p. Cu N{I-hm-f-Øn¬ s]mXp\∑sb-∏-‰n-bp≈

Ie¿∏n-√mØ [mc-Wbpw A{]-Xy-£-am-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

Cu at\m-̀ mhw IqSp-X¬ {]Ncn°pw-tXmdpw kmaq-lnI BZ¿i-

ßƒ Ah hy‡n-]-c-amb Bh-iy-ß-fp-ambn Iqń-ap-´m-Xn-cn-°p-

tºmƒ am{Xta Ah _lp-am-\n-X-ß-fm-Ip-I-bp-≈p. AXp-sIm≠v,

\ΩpsS BIpeX amc-I-amb Imem-hÿmòj-Wn-I-fn¬ am{Xw

HXpßn \n¬t°≠ H∂√. adn®v, kmaq-lnI Aÿn-c-X-aq-e-ap-

≠m-Ip∂ Zpc-¥-ß-fpsS {]Xym-Lm-X-ß-fn-te°pw {i≤- Xn-cn-

°-Ww. D]-t`mKPohn-X-tØmSp≈ ASßmØ A`n\nthiw

a‰m¿°pw AwKoIcn°m\mhmØhn[w hfcp∂ Ah-ÿ-bp-≠m-

bm¬ AXv A{I-a-Øn-te°pw XI¿®-bn-te-bv°pta \bn-°q.

155


205. Cßs\sbm°bmsW¶nepw, F√mw CXp-hsc \jvS-

s∏-́ n-́ n√. a\p-jy¿°p G‰hpw \nIr-jvS-am-b-h-bv°p≈ km[yX

bp≈t∏mgpw, Ah¿°p am\knI kmaqlnI sI´p]mSpIƒ

Ds≠¶nepw, ho≠pw \∑- Xn-c-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-eq-sSbpw Hcp

]pXnb XpS°w Ipdn°p-∂-Xn-eq-sSbpw, Xßƒ°p]cnbmbn

Dbcm\p≈ Ignhp≠v. \sΩØs∂ kXyk‘ambn

Z¿in°m\pw \Ωnse Bg-ta-dnb AXr]vXn AwKoIcn°m\pw

bYm¿∞amb kzmX-{¥y-Øns‚ ]pXp-h-gn-Ifn¬ {]thin°p∂

Xn\pw \ap°p km[n°pw. \∑, kXyw, kuμcyw F∂nhbnte

°p≈ Xpdhnsbtbm, \ΩpsS lrZbßfn¬ {]h¿Ø\

\ncXambncn°p∂ ssZhIr]tbmSp {]XnIcn°m\p≈ Ignhn

s\tbm ]q¿Wambpw ASn-®-a¿Øm≥ Hcp kwhn[m\Øn\pw

Ignbn√. temIsaßpap≈htcmSv \ΩpsS Cu alXzw ad-∂p-

I-f -b-cpsX∂v Rm≥ A`y¿∞n-°p-∂p. B¿°pw CXp

\Ωn¬\n∂pw FSp-Øp-am-‰m-\p≈ Ah-Im-ihpan√.

206. PohnX {Ia-Øn-ep-≠m-Ip∂ am‰-Øn\p cmjv{Sobhpw

kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmº-Øn-I-hp-amb A[n-Imcw ssIøm-fp-∂-h-

cn¬ Btcm-Ky-]-c-amb kΩ¿±w sNep-Øm≥ sIev]p≠v. CXmWv

D]-t`m-IvXr {]ÿm-\-ßƒ Nne Dev∏-∂-ßƒ _ln-jvI-cn-°p-

∂-Xn-eqsS ssIhcn°p∂Xv. {]Ir-Xn-bn¬ Ah¿ Ah-ti-jn-∏n-

°p∂ Imev∏m-Sp-Ifpw XßfpsS Dev∏m-Z-\coXnIfpw ]cn-K-

Wn°m≥ Iº\nIsf \n¿_‘n-®p-sIm≠p hym]mcssienIsf

am‰nadn°p∂Xn¬ CØcw {]ÿm\ßƒ hnP-b-n°p∂p. kmaq-

lnIkΩ¿±w XßfpsS kºmZysØ _m[n-°ptºmƒ hyXy-

ÿ-amb D¬∏m -Z -\ -am¿Kßƒ Is≠Øm≥ hym]mc

kwhn[m\ßƒ \n¿_‘nXcmbnØocp∂p. D]-t`m-IvXm-hns‚

`mK-Øp-\n-∂p≈ kmaq-lnI {]Xn-_-≤X-bpsS henb Bh-iy-

I-X-bm-Wv CXp hy‡am°p∂Xv. ""hmßpI F∂Xp kmº-

ØnI {]{In-bb√; adn®v, Ft∏mgpw Hcp [m¿ΩnI {]{In-b-bm-

Wv.'' 146 C∂v, H‰-hm-°n¬, ""]cn -ÿn-XntimjWØns‚

{]iv\ßƒ \ΩpsS Pohn-X-ssiensb hne-bn-cp-Øm≥ \sΩ

sh√p-hn-fn-°p-∂p.''147

207. `ua{]amWw (earth charter) kzbw\miØns‚ Hcp

ImeL´sØ hn´pt]£n®v ]pXn-sbmcp XpS-°-an-Sm≥ \tΩmSv

Bh-iy-s∏-´p; ]t£, CXp kzmb-Ø-am-°m-\p≈ ka{K Ah-

156

t_m[w hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-°m≥ \ap-°n-Xp-h-scbpw km[n-®n-´n-√.

[ocamb B sh√phnfn {]Xn[z\n∏n°m≥ Rm\m{Kln°p∂p:

""Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Hcn-°epw kw`hn®n´n√mØXpt]mse, s]mXp

`mK-t[bw Hcp ]p-Xnb XpS-°-Øn-\mbn \sΩ amSn-hn-fn-°p-∂p.

Poht\mSp≈ ]pXnb BZ-chv, kpkvYn-cX t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m-\p≈

ZrV-{]-Xn-⁄-, kam-[m-\-Øn\pw \oXn-°p-wth-≠n-bp≈ ka-

cØns‚ XzcnXs∏SpØ¬, Pohn-X-Øns‚ B\μ]q-¿h-amb

BtLm-jw- F∂nhbptSXmbn \ΩpsS ImeL´w Hm¿Ωn-°-

s∏-S-s´.''148

208. kzXz-Øn¬\n∂pw ]pd-Øp-I-S∂p a‰p-≈-h-cn-te°p

t]mIm≥ \Ω-sf-t∏mgpw Ign-hp-≈-h-cmWv. \Ω-fnXp sNømØ

]£w a‰p krjvS-h-kvXp-°fpsS bYm¿∞-aq-eyw AwKo-I-cn-

°s∏Sp-I-bn-√; a‰p-≈-h¿°p-th≠n hkvXp-°ƒ kq£n-°p∂

Imcy-Øn¬ \Ωƒ Icp-X¬ hbv°p-∂n-√; a‰p≈h-cpsS kl-

\tam \ΩpsS Np‰p-]m-Sp-I-fpsS A[-x]-X\tam Hgn-hm-°m≥

\ap°pta¬Øs∂ ]cn-[n-Iƒ \n›bn°m≥ \Ωƒ ]cm-P-b-

s∏-́ p-t]m-Ip-∂p. \ΩpsS ktlm-Zcoktlm-Z-c-∑m¿°pw kz`mhnI-

]cn-ÿn-Xnbv°pw bYm¿∞Øn¬ IcpX¬ \evIm≥ \Ωƒ

B{Kln-°p-s∂-¶n¬, a‰p-≈-h-tcm-Sp≈ \nkzm¿∞-amb ]cn-K-

W-\bpw kztI-{μo-Ir-Xhpw F√mw X∂n-te°v kzmwioI-cn-°p-

∂-Xp-amb F√m cq]ß-fp-sSbpw \ncm-I-cWhpw A\n-hm-cy-am-

Wv. Cu at\m-`m-h-ßƒ, \ΩpsS Hmtcm {]hrØnbpw hy‡n]c

amb Xocpam\hpw \ap°p Np‰pap≈ temIØn\pta¬ sNep

Øp∂ kzm[o\sØ AhtemI\w sNøp∂Xn\p≈ [m¿anI

Iev]\Ifpambn \sΩ ka-⁄-k-s∏-Sp -Øp-∂p. hy‡n

tI{μoIrXhmZw adn-I-S-°m≥ \ap°p km[n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬,

\n›-b-ambpw hyXy-kvX-amb Hcp PohnXssien hnI-kn∏ns®Sp

°p∂Xn\pw A¿∞-]q¿W-amb kmaqlnI am‰-ßƒ sIm≠p-h-

cp-∂-Xn\pw \ap°p Ignbpw.

II. a\p-jy-hw-ihpw ]cn-ÿn-Xnbpw XΩn-ep≈ DS-º-Sn-sb-

°p-dn-®p≈ hnZym-̀ ymkw

209. C∂sØ kmwkvIm-cn -I˛]cn -ÿnXn-- {]Xn -k-

‘nsb∏‰n-bp≈ Ah-t_m[w \sΩ ]pXnb ioe-ß-fn-te°p

\bn-°Ww. Ct∏mgsØ \ΩpsS ]ptcmKXnbpw km[-\-ß-fp-

sSbpw kpJ-ß-fp-sSbpw tiJ-c-Whpw a\pjylrZ-b-Øn\v

157


A¿∞hpw kt¥m-jhpw \evIm≥ ]cym-]vX-a-√. F∂ncp∂mepw,

Itºmfw AhcpsS apºn¬ {]Z¿in∏n°p∂hsb Dt]£n°m≥

Ah¿°p a\ phcp∂n√. D]-t`mKioe-ß-fn¬ ka-{K-amb am‰-

ßƒ hcpØp∂ cmPy-ß-fn¬, bph-P-\-ßƒ°v {]Ir-Xnsb

°pdn®p≈ kq£va-t_m-[hpw DZmcamb ssNX\yhpap≠v. Ah-

cn¬ ]ecpw {]IrXnkwc£WØn\p {]iwk\obamb ]cn-

{i-a-ßfpw \S-Øp-∂p-≠v. AtXkabwXs∂, Ah¿ hf¿∂p

h∂Xv a‰p ioe-ß-fpsS hnIm-k-Øn\p _p≤n-ap´p krjvSn-°p-

∂, AXncpIhn™ D]-t`mKkwkvIm-c-Øn-s‚bpw kar-≤n-bp-

sSbpw Np‰p]mSn-em-Wv. hnZym-`ym-k-]-c-amb sh√phnfnbmWv

ChnsS \mw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

210. ]cn-ÿnXnhnZym`ymkw AXns‚ e£y-ßƒ hfsc

hnim-e-am°nbn´p≠v. XpS-°-Øn¬ AXp imkv{X kw_-

‘nbmb hnh-c-ß-fnepw a\xkm-£n-bpsS D≤m-c-W-Ønepw ]cn-

ÿn-Xn-bnse A]mb km[y-X-Iƒ Hgn-hm-°p-∂-Xnepw tI{μo-

I-cn-®mbncps∂¶n¬, Ct∏mƒ AXp {]tbmP\-at\m`mhØn¬

ASnbpd®ncn°p∂ B[p-\nIcoXn-bpsS ""anØp-Isf'' hna¿i\

hnt[-b-am°m\p≈ {]hWX {]ISn∏n°p∂p (hy -‡n-

tI{μoIrXhmZw, ]cn-[n-I-fn-√mØ ]ptcm-K-Xn, InS-a-’-cw, D]-

t`m-K-kw-kvIm-cw, {Ia-c-ln-X-amb hn]-Wn). ]cn-ÿnXn k¥p-

e-\m-h-ÿ-bpsS hnhn[ Xe-ßsf ]p\-xÿm-]n-°p-∂-Xn\pw

\tΩm-Sp-X-s∂bpw, a‰p-≈-h-tcmSpw, {]Ir-Xn-tbm-Spw, a‰p krjvS-

h-kvXp-°-tfmSpw, ssZh-tØm-Sp-ap≈ tbmPn∏v hos≠Sp°p-∂-

Xn-\p-ap≈ hgn-Iƒ tXSp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ]cn-ÿnXnhnZym`ymkw,

]cn-ÿnXn[m¿anIXbv°v Bgtadnb A¿∞w \evIp∂ AXo-

{μnb bmYm¿∞yØnte°p≈ FSp-Øp-Nm´w IqSp-X¬ kpK-a-

am-°-Ww. ]cn-ÿnXn[m¿anIXsb IqSp-X-¬ hnI-kn-∏n-°m≥

Ign-bp-∂-hcpw, ^e-{]-Z-amb t_m[\hn-Zy-bn-eqsS P\-ßsf

sFIy-Ønepw DØ-c-hm-ZnXzt_m[-Ønepw klm-\p-`q-Xn-bnepw

hf-¿Øm≥ klm-bn-°p∂hcpamb hnZy`ymk{]h¿ØIsc

CXv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p.

211 . ]cnÿnXn Aht_m[ap≈ ]uc∑msc

cq]s∏SpØpI F∂ e£ytØmsSbp≈ ]cnÿnXnhnZym

`ymkw Nnet∏msg¶nepw hnhcßƒ ssIamdpI F∂Xn¬

am{Xw HXpßn\nev°pIbpw \√ ioeßƒ P\n∏n°p∂Xn¬

]cmPbs∏SpIbpw sNbvXn´p≠v. s]cp-am‰Zqjy-Øn\p ISn-™m-

158

Wn-Sm≥ \nb-a-ßfpw am¿K\n¿tZ-i-ßfpw Ah \S∏nem°m

\p≈ ê{]Zamb am¿Kßfpw D≠mbXpsIm≠pam{Xambn√.

\nb-a-ßƒ A¿∞]q¿Whpw \ne\nev°p∂Xpamb ê-ßƒ

Df-hm-°Wsa¶n¬, kaq-l-Ønse ̀ qcn-̀ mKw AwK-ßƒ°pw Ah

AwKo-I-cn-°m-\p≈ t{]cW \evIpIbpw hy‡n-]-c-ambn {]Xn-

I-cn-°p∂hn[-Øn¬ Ahsc ]cn-h¿Ø\hnt[-b-am-t°-≠-Xp-

am-Wv. kZvKp-W-ß-fpsS t]mj-W-Øn-eqsS am{Xta a\p-jy¿

]cn-ÿn-Xn-tbm-Sp≈ \nkzm¿∞{]Xn-_-≤X Gs‰-Sp-°p-I-bp-≈p.

Hcmƒ°p IqSp-X¬ (sshZypXn) D]-tbm-Kn-°m\pw sNe-hm-

°m\pw tijn-bp-≠m-bn-cns°, (apdnIƒ) Ipd®pam{Xw NqSm-°p-

Ibpw IqSpX¬ Iºnfnhkv{X-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn -°p-Ibpw

sNbvXm¬ AXp {]Ir-Xnsb kwc-£n-°m-\p-X-Ip∂ Xc-Øn-

ep≈ Abm-fpsS t_m≤y-ß-sfbpw at\m-`m-h-ß-sf-bp-amWp

shfnhm°p-∂Xv. A\pZn\PohnXØnse sNdnb {]hrØnIfn

eqsS krjvSn°p apgph≥ IcpX¬ \evIpI F∂ ISabv°v Hcp

amlmflyap≠v. hnZym-̀ ymkØn\p Pohn-Xssienbn¬ bYm¿∞

am‰ßƒ hcpØm≥ km[n°psa∂Xp hnkvabIcamb kwKXn

bmWv. \ap°p Np‰pap≈ temIsØ t\cn´pw A¿∞]q¿Wamb

hn[Ønepw kzm[o\n°p∂ {]h¿Ø\ssienIsf t{]m’m

ln∏n°m≥ ]cnÿnXnhnZym-`ymkØn\p Ignbpw. DZmlcW

Øn\v, πmÃn-°ns‚bpw t]∏-dn-s‚bpw D]-tbmKw Hgn-hm-°p-

∂Xv, Pe-Øns‚ D]-t`mKw Ipd-bv°p-∂Xv, N∏p-N-h-dp-Iƒ Xcw-

Xn -cn -°p -∂-Xv , `£n®pXo¿°m\mhp∂{Xam{Xw ]mIw

sNøp∂Xv, a‰p Poh-Pm-e-ß-tfmSp IcpX¬ ImWn-°p-∂-Xv, s]mXp-

K-Xm-KX kwhn-[m-\-ß-ƒ D]-tbm-Kn°p∂Xv, ]e¿ tN¿∂v Hcp

Im¿ D]tbmKn°p∂ k{ºZmbw (car pooling), ac-ßƒ \´p-]n-

Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv, A\m-h-iy-amb shfn®w sISpØp-∂Xv, CXp-t]m-

ep≈ a‰\h[n ioeßƒhgn Cu DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-t_m[w hf¿Øn-

sb-Sp-°mw. a\p-jy-\nse G‰hpw anI®Xns\ ]pdØp sIm≠p-

h-cm≥ Ign-bp∂ HuZm-cy-]q¿Whpw hnetbdnbXpamb krjvSn-

]-c-X-bm-Wv Chbnse√mw {]Xnên°p∂Xv. Nne -h-kvXp-°ƒ

s]s´∂v Fdn™pIfbp∂Xn\p ]Icw ho≠pw D]tbmKn

°p∂Xv, icnbmb ImcWØns‚ t]cn¬ AXp sNøptºmƒ,

AXv ]p\-cp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ AXv kvt\l-Øns‚ {]I-S-\hpw

\ΩpsS al-Xz-Øns‚ Ah-X-c-W-hp-ambnØocpw.

159


212. Cu {]b-Xv\-ß-sfm∂pw temIsØ am‰m≥

t]mIp-∂n√ F∂p \Ωƒ Hcn-°epw Nn¥n-°-cp-Xv. \ap-°-⁄m-

X-am-sW-¶nepw AXp kaq-l-Øn\p D]-Im-c-{]-Z-am-bn-cn-°pw.

Fs¥∂m¬, CXv HcpXcw \∑ P\n∏n°p∂p≠v; ]pdta ImWm-

\ns√¶nepw CXv hym]- n®psIm≠ncn°p∂p. AXnepw

D]cnbmbn AØcw {]h¿Ø\ßƒ \ΩpsS Bflm-̀ n-am-\sØ

]p\-xÿm-]n-°pw; CXp \sΩ IqSp-X¬ ]q¿Æ-X-tbmsS Pohn-

°p-∂-Xn\pw `qan-bnse Cu PohnXw Pohn°Ø°XmsW∂p

a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\pw klm-bn-°pw.

213. ]cn-ÿnXnhnZym-`ymkw ]e Xe-ß-fn¬ \S-Øm≥

km[n°pw: kvIqfn-epw, IpSpw-_-Øn-epw, am[y-a-ß-fn-epw, aX-

t_m-[-\-Ønepw Chbv°p ]pdta Fhn-sSbpw CXp km[y-am-

Wv. \√ hnZym-`ym-kw sNdp∏ambncn°ptºmƒXs∂ AXns‚

hnØpIƒ \Ωn¬ hnXbv°pIbpw Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h\pw AXp

^ew NqSn \n¬°pIbpw sNøpw. F∂ncp∂mepw, ChnsS IpSpw-

_-Øns‚ henb {]m[m-\ysØ Du∂n-∏-dbm≥ Rm\m{Kln°p-

∂p. ImcWw, ""Ahn-sS-bmWv ssZh-Øns‚ alm-Zm-\-amb Poh≥

{]tXy-Iambn kzmKXw sNø-s∏SpIbpw, apºn-ep≈ \nc-h-[n-

bmb A{I-a-ß-fn¬\n∂pw kwc-£n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw a\p-jys‚

bYm¿∞ hf¿® t]mjn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv. ac-W-kw-

kvIm-c-Øns‚ Cu Ime-L-́ -Øn¬ IpSpw-_-amWp Poh-kw-kvIm-

c-Øns‚ lrZ-bw.''149 IpSpw-_-Øn¬h®mWp \Ωƒ BZy-ambn

Pohs\ kvt\ln-°m\pw _lp-am-\n-°m-\pw, hkvXp-°ƒ IrXy-

ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°m-\pw, ipNn-Xzhpw, Nn´bpw ]Tn-°m\pw

{]mtZinI Bhmkhyhÿsb _lp-am-\n-°m\pw krjvS-h-

kvXp-°sf IcpXtemsS ]men°-m\pw ]Tn-°p-∂-Xv. ]Iz-amb

hy‡n-Xz-tØmsS hf-cm≥ {]m]vX-cm-°p∂ Hcp ka{K]cn-io-

e\w IpSpw-_-Øn¬\n∂pw \Ωƒ kzoI-cn-°p-∂p. Ah-Im-i-

ambn Bhiys∏SmsX, Ffn-a-tbmsS tNmZn-°m-\pw, \ap°p

\evI-s∏-´-Xn-s\-tbm¿Øv Bflm¿∞-amb IrX-⁄-X-tbmsS

""\μn'' F∂p ]dbm\pw, \ΩpsS A{I-aW kz`m-h-sØ-bpw,

Zpcm-{K-l-sØbpw \nb-{¥n-°p-hm\pw a‰p-≈-h-tcmSp sNbvX

t{Zml-ßƒ°v £a tNmZn-°m\pw IpSpw_w \ap°p ]cn-io-

e\w \evIp-∂p. Cß-s\-bp≈ lrZ-b-Øns‚ \nd-hn¬\n∂p

hcp∂ efn-X-amb BwKyßfpw {]Xn-I-c-W-ßfpw Hcp ]¶p-h-

160

bv°-ens‚ kwkvIm-chpw Np‰p-]m-Sp-I-tfm-Sp≈ _lp-am-\hpw

\Ωn¬ krjvSn-°m≥ klm-b-I-c-am-Wv.

214. cmjv{Sob ÿm]-\-ßfpw \nc-h-[n-bmb a‰p kmaq-

lnI kwLS\Ifpw P\-ß-fn¬ Cu Ah-t_m[w hf¿Øm≥

IS-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p, k`bpw Aßs\Xs∂. ]cn-ÿnXn hnZym-

`ym-k-Øn¬ F√m {InkvXobk-aq-l-ßƒ°pw \n¿Wm-bI ̀ mK-

ap-≠v. \ΩpsS skan-\m-cn-Ifpw cq]o-I-cW`h-\-ßfpw, DØ-c-

hm-ZnXz]q¿W-amb emfn-Xyhpw ssZh-Øns‚ temI-tØm-Sp≈

IrX-⁄Xm\n¿`-c-amb [ym\hpw, ]mh-s∏-´-hs‚ Bh-iy-ß-

tfm-Sp≈ ]cn-K-W-\bpw ]cn-ÿnXnkwc-£-Whpw hf¿Øp-hm-

\p-X-Ip∂ ]cn-io-e\w \evIpsa∂p Rm≥ {]Xym-in-°p-∂p. A]-

ISkm[yX hfsc IqSp-X-embXn-\m¬ {]Ir-Xn-bn¬ ASn-t®¬∏n-

°p∂ \mi-ßƒ°v in£ Npa-Øp-hm≥ A[n-Im-c-ap≈ ÿm]-

\-ßƒ \ap-°m-h-iy-am-Wv. ]s£, AtXkabw Bfl-kw-b-a-

\w, a‰p-≈-h-cn¬\n∂pw ]Tn-°m-\p≈ a\ v XpS-ßnb hy‡n-

]-c-amb KpW-ßfpw \ap-°m-h-iy-am-Wv.

215. Cu kml-N-cy-Øn¬, ""\√ kuμcyimkv{X

hnZym`ym-khpw ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bpsS Btcm-Ky-]-c-amb kwc-£-

Whpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w Ah-K-Wn-°m-hp-∂-X√.''150. kuμcyw

I≠mkz-Zn-°m\pw AXns\ A`n-\-μn-°m\pw ]Tn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS

kzm¿∞X \nd™ {]mtbm-KnIhmZsØ X≈n-°-f-bm\pw

\Ωƒ ]Tn-°pw. at\m-l-c-am-b-hsb AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ ]Tn-®n-ń-

√mØ- Hcmƒ as‰√m‰ns\bpw a\xkm£n°pØn√msX

D]tbmKn°mt\m Zpcp]tbmKn°mt\m D≈ Hcp hkvXphmbn

am{Xw ImWp∂psh¶n¬ \Ωƒ AXn¬ B›cys∏tS≠Xn√.

Bg-amb am‰w sIm≠p-hcm≥ \Ωƒ B{Kln°p∂psh¶n¬,

Nne am\-kn-Im-h-ÿ-Iƒ bYm¿∞-Øn¬ \ΩpsS kz`m-hsØ

kzm[o-\n-°p-sa∂p \mw Xncn-®-dn-b-Ww. a\p-jy-s\bpw Poh-

s\bpw kaq-l-sØbpw {]Ir-Xn-bp-am-bp≈ _‘-sØ-bpw-]‰n

Hcp ]pXnb Nn¥-[m-csb t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬, hnZym-

`ymkcwKsØ \ΩpsS ]cn-{i-a-ßƒ ê-{]-Z-a-√m-ØXpw A]-

cym-]vX-hp-am-bn-Øo-cpw. As√-¶n¬, am[y-a-ß-fp-sSbpw hn]-Wn-

bnse ̂ e-{]-Z-amb {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-sSbpw klm-b-tØmsS D]-

t`mKkwkvIm-c-Øns‚ amXr-I-Iƒ hf¿∂psImt≠bncn°pw.

161


III. ]mcnÿnXnI am\km¥cw

216. ss{IkvXh B≤ymflnIXbpsS kº∂amb

ss]XrIØn\v, Ccp]Xp \q‰m≠pIfnse hy‡n]chpw

kmaqlnIhpamb A\p`hßfpsS êßƒ°v, a\pjyhwi

Øns‚ \hoIcWØn\p≈ hne]nSn® kw`mh\Iƒ \evIm≥

Ignbpw. ChnsS, \ΩpsS hnizmkt_m≤yßfn¬ ASnbpd®

]cnÿnXn BflobXbv°p≈ GXm\pw \n¿t±ißƒ

ss{IkvXh¿°p \evIm≥ Rm≥ B{Kln°p∂p. Fs¥∂m¬,

kphntij {]t_m[\ßƒ°p \ΩpsS Nn¥mssienIfnepw

hnImcØnepw PohnXØnepw t\cn´p≈ ]cnWnXêßfp≠v.

Bibßtfm k¶ev]ßtfm AhXcn∏n°pI F∂Xnt\

°mƒ Rm≥ B{Kln°p∂Xv, hnizmkt_m≤yßfn¬

ASnbpd® ]cnÿnXn BflobXbv°v \ΩpsS temIsØ

kwc£n°p∂Xn\p≈ i‡amb A`n\nthiw \Ωn¬

P\n∏n°m≥ Fßs\ Ignbpw F∂p hy‡am°p∂Xn\mWv.

C{X D∂Xamb Hcp {]Xn_≤X, kn≤m¥ßƒsIm≠pam{Xw

t]mjn∏n°s∏SpIbn√. adn®v, \sΩ {]tNmZn∏n°m≥

Ignhp≈ Hcp BflobX, ""\ΩpsS hy‡n]chpw kmaplnI

hpamb {]hrØnIƒ°v A¿∞hpw e£yt_m[hpw t{]m’m

l\hpw t]mjWhpw \evIp∂ Hcpƒt{]cW F∂nhbpw

BhiyamWv.''151. ss{IkvXh¿ an°t∏mgpw ssZhw k`bpsS

ta¬ h¿jn® Bflob\n[n th≠Xpt]mse kzmwioIcn

°pItbm hnIkn∏n°pItbm sNbvXnńs√∂p kΩXnt®

aXnbmIq. icocØn¬\nt∂m {]IrXnbn¬\nt∂m temI

bmYm¿∞yßfn¬\nt∂m th¿s]´ Hcp BflobPohnXan√;

adn®v, Ahbnepw AhtbmSpIqsSbpw \ap°p Np‰pap≈

F√mØnt\mSpap≈ Iq´mbvabnepap≈ PohnXamWXv.

217. ""B¥cnI acp`qanIƒ AXnhnimeambXpsIm≠mWp

_mlyacp`qanIƒ hfcp∂Xv.'' 152 C°mcWØm¬, ]cnÿnX

{]Xnk‘n Bgtadnb B¥cnI]cnh¿Ø\Øn\p≈ Hcm

lzm\w IqSnbmWv. A¿∏Wt_m[hpw {]m¿∞\mcq]nbpap≈

GXm\pw Nne ss{IkvXh¿ bmYm¿∞yt_m[Øns‚bpw

{]mtbmKnIhmZØns‚bpw t]cn¬ ]cnÿnXn kwc£WsØ

\nμn°p∂p. a‰pNne¿ \njv{InbcmWv; Ah¿ AhcpsS

162

ioeßƒ am‰m≥ Xømd√mØXpsIm≠v ]cnÿnXn kwc£W

tØmSp apJwXncn®p \nev°p∂p. Ch¿s°√mw ""]cnÿnXn

am\km¥cw'' (ecological conversion) Bhiyambncn°p∂p.

CXphgn Cutimaninlmbpambp≈ AhcpsS I≠pap´ens‚

kzm[o\w Np‰pap≈ temItØmSp≈ _‘Øn¬ {]ISamIpw.

ssZhØns‚ IcthebpsS kwc£Isc∂ \nebnep≈

\ΩpsS hnfn ]pWyPohnXØn\v AXy¥mt]£nXamWv;

\ΩpsS {InkvXobm\p`hØns‚ sF—nItam, A{][m\tam

Bb hia√Xv.

218. hnip≤ {^m≥knkv Akoknsb°pdnt®m¿°ptºmƒ,

krjvSntbmSp≈ BtcmKyIcamb _‘w \ΩpsS hy‡n

]camb am\km¥cØns‚ Hcp am\amsW∂p \Ωƒ

Xncn®dnbp∂p. AXp \ΩpsS sX‰pIƒ, ]m]ßƒ, hogvNIƒ,

]cmPbßƒ F∂nh AwKoIcn°p∂Xn¬ Dƒs°m≈p∂p;

lrZb]q¿hamb A\pXm]Ønte°pw am‰Øn\p≈ B{Kl

Ønte°pw AXp \sΩ \bn°pIbpw sNøp∂p. Bkvt{Xen

bmbnse sa{Xm∑m¿ ""krjvSnbpambp≈ A\pcRvP\Øn\v

AØcsamcp am\km¥cØns‚ {]m[m\yw hy‡am°n;

A\pcRvP\w km[yam°p∂Xn\p \Ωƒ \ΩpsS PohnXßsf

]cntim[n°pIbpw \ΩpsS {]hrØnbmepw Dt]£bmepw

ssZhØns‚ krjvSnbv°p sNbvX t{Zmlßƒ AwKo

Icn°pIbpw thWw. \Ωƒ am\km\¥cm\p`hØnte°pw

lrZb]cnh¿Ø\Ønte°pw hcWw.''153

219. F∂ncp∂mepw, hy‡nIfpsS `mKØp\n∂p≈

sa®s∏S¬sIm≠pam{Xw \ΩpsS temIw C∂p t\cnSp∂

AXoh k¶o¿Wamb kmlNcyw ]cnlcn°m\mhpIbn√.

H‰s∏´ hy‡nIƒ°p {]mtbmKnIhmZØn¬\n∂p c£s∏Sm

\p≈ Ignhpw kzmX{¥yhpw \jvSs∏´pt]mtb°mw. XXv^e

ambn, kmaqlnItam ]mcnÿnXnItam Bb Aht_m[an√mØ

A[m¿anI D]t`mKØn\v CcbmbnØo¿s∂∂pw hcmw.

kmaqlnI {]iv\ßƒ ssIImcyw sNøs∏tS≠Xv, H‰s∏´Xpw

hy‡n]chpamb \∑{]hrØnIƒ tN¿Øph®psIm≠pam{X

a√; adn®v, Iq´mbvabpsS irwLeIƒ cq]s∏SpØns°m≠p

amWv. Cu ZuXyw a\pjy\n¬\n∂p henb DØchmZnXzßƒ

{]Xo£n°p∂p. Cu DØchmZnXzßƒ hy‡n]camb

163


ap≥ssIsbSp°p∂XneqsSam{Xw t\Sm\mhn√; kzm¿∞]c

ambn hf¿Øs∏´ a\pjycpsS Iq´mb bXv\wt]mepw

C°mcyØn¬ ̂ e{]Za√. ""temIsØ ̀ cn°pI F∂ ZuXyw,

ap≥]d™Xn¬\n∂p hyXykvXamb Hcp at\m`mhØn¬\n∂p

am{Xw kwPmXamIp∂, sshZKv[yßfpsS tbmPn∏pw t\´ß

fpsS Hcpabpw Bhiys∏Sp∂p.''154 Zo¿LImew \ne\nev°p∂

am‰w sIm≠phcm≥ Bhiyamb ]cnÿnXn am\km¥cw Hcp

kaql am\km¥cwXs∂bmWv.

220. Cu am\km¥cw DZmcamb IcpX¬ hf¿Øp∂Xpw

B¿{ZX \nd™Xpamb hnhn[ at\m`mhßƒ Bhiys∏Sp∂p.

CXnte‰hpw {][m\s∏´Xv, temIw ssZhØns‚ Hcp

kvt\lZm\amsW∂pw AhnSpsØ DZmcX \ΩpsS BflXymK

ØneqsSbpw kXv{]hrØnIfneqsSbpw _lfßfn√msX

A\pIcn°p∂Xn\p \Ωƒ hnfn°s∏´ncn°p∂p F∂pw

AwKoIcn°p∂, IrX⁄XbpsSbpw kuP\yZm\w kzoIcn

°p∂Xns‚bpw at\m`mhamWv. ""\ns‚ heØpssI sNøp∂

sXs¥∂v CSXpssI AdnbmXncn°s´... clkyØn¬

ImWp∂ ]nXmhp \n\°p {]Xn^ew \evIpw.'' (aØm 6,3˛4).

\Ωƒ a‰p krjvSnIfn¬\n∂p th¿s]´p\nev°p∂hcs√∂pw

adn®v, DXvIrjvSamb Hcp BtKmfIq´mbvabn¬ kwtbmPn∏n

°s∏´hcmsW∂pap≈ Aht_m[hpw CXpƒs°m≈p∂p.

hnizmknIƒ F∂ \nebn¬ \Ωƒ temIsØ ]pdta\n∂√,

]nXmhv \sΩ F√m krjvSnItfmSpambp≈ _‘Øn¬

H∂n®p tN¿Øncn°p∂psh∂ Aht_m[tØmsS D≈n¬

\n∂p t\m°n°mWp∂p. \ΩpsS hy‡n]chpw ssZhZØhp

ambp≈ IgnhpIsf hnIkn∏n°p∂Xphgn, ]cnÿnXn

am\km¥cØn\p \Ωn¬ IqSpX¬ {InbmflIXbpsS {]tNm

Z\w krjvSn°m≥ Ignbpw. IqSmsX, temIØns‚ {]iv\ßƒ

]cnlcn°p∂Xn\pw \sΩØs∂ ssZhØn\p ""hnip≤hpw

kzoImcyhpamb Hcp kPoh_enbmbn A¿∏n°p∂Xn\pap≈''

(tdmam 12,1) D’mlw kwPmXam°p∂Xn\pw ]cnÿnXn

am\km¥cØn\p Ignbpw. \ΩpsS ta[mhnXzsØ \Ωƒ

a\ nem°p∂Xv hy‡n]cab alXzØnt\m DØchmZnXz

clnXamb B[n]XyØnt\m D≈ \ymbambn´√, adn®v,

164

\ΩpsS hnizmkØn¬\n∂pw DXv`qXamIp∂Xpw Kuchamb

DØchmZnXzw Dƒs°m≈p∂Xpamb khntij IgnhmbmWv.

221. Cu Nm{In-Ite-J-\Øns‚ Bcw-`-Øn¬ hnI-kn-∏n-

®n-cn-°p∂ \ΩpsS hnizm-k-Øns‚ hnhn[ t_m[y-ßƒ Cu

am\km¥cØns‚ A¿∞sØ IqSp-X¬ kº-∂-am-°pw. Hmtcm

krjvS-h-kvXp-hn\pw ssZh-sØ- Aev]amsb¶nepw {]Xn^en∏n

°m\pw \tΩmSv Hcp ktμiw ]¶p-h-bv°m-\p-ap≠v F∂ Ah

t_m[w CXnep≠v. ]cn-{Xm-W]≤-Xn-bpsS `mK-ambn aninlm

Cu `uXn-I-tem-I-sØ X∂nte°v kzoIcn®ncn°p∂psh∂

Dd∏pw D∞n-X-\mb AhnSp∂v Ct∏mƒ Hmtcm-h-kvXp-hnepw

Bg-ambn k∂n-ln-X-\m-sW∂pw Xs‚ hm’eywsIm≠hsb

hebw sNøp-∂p-s≠-∂pw, Ahs‚ {]Im-iw Ah-bn-te-°m-gv∂n-

d-ßp-∂p-sh∂pap≈ Ah-t_m[hpw Ch-bn-epƒs°m-≈p-∂p. Ch-

tbm-sSm∏w, ssZh-amWv Cu temIsØ krjvSn-®-sX-∂ Xn-cn-

®-dn-hpw- Hcp {Iahpw Du¿÷-kz-e-Xbpw Ch-bv°p-≈n¬ ap{Zn-X-

am-sW∂pap≈Xp a\p-jy\v Ah-K-Wn-°m-\-h-Im-i-an-√. BIm-

i-Ønse ]£n-I-sf-°p-dn®v Cutim ]d-bp-∂Xv kphn-ti-j-

Øn¬ \Ωƒ hmbn-°p-∂p. ""Ah-bn-sem-∂p-t]mepw ssZh-k-

∂n-[n-bn¬ hnkva-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bn√.'' (eq°m 12,6). A-ßs\

sb¶n¬ \ap-°-hsb D]{Zhn°mt\m Ah-tbmSv A]-a-cym-Z -

Im-́ p-hmt\m Fßs\ km[n-°pw? XßfpsS am\km¥cØns‚

Cu hi-ß-sf√mw Xncn-®-dn™v Pohn-°p-hm≥ Rm≥ F√m

{InkvXym-\n-I-tfmSpw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p. \Ωƒ kzoI-cn®ncn°p∂

Ir]-bpsS {]Im-ihpw i‡nbpw a‰p krjvSn-ItfmSpw Np‰p-ap-

ff temItØmSpap≈ \ΩpsS _‘ßfn¬ {]ISamIs´. CXp-

h-gn-, Ako-kn-bnse hn. {^m≥knkv {]tim`nXambn km£m-

XvI-cn®, F√m krjvSnItfmSpap≈ DZm-Ø-kmtlm-Z-cyw

t]mjn∏n°m≥ \ap°p Ignbpw.

IV. B\μhpw kam[m\hpw

222. {InkvXob Bflo-bX PohnX\nehmcsØ°pdn®p

hn`n∂amsbmcp [mcW \n¿t±-in -°p-Ibpw {]hmNI\p

tN¿∂Xpw [ym\mflIhpamb Hcp PohnXssiensb t{]m’m

ln∏n°pIbpw sNøp∂p. D]t`mKtØmSp≈ ISpØ

165


A`n\nthiØn¬\n∂p kzX{¥ambXpw Bg-amb B\-μ-

Øn\p Ignhp‰Xpamb Hcp PohnXssienbmWXv. thZ]pkvXI

Ønse∂t]mse hnhn[ aX-]m-c-º-cy-ßfnepw ImWp∂ Hcp

]pcm-X\ ]mTw \Ωƒ kzoI-cn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ""Aev]-ap-

≈Xv A[n-I-amWv''- F∂ (less is more) t_m[y-am-W-Xv. \qX\

D]-t`m-K-h-kvXp-°-fpsS ÿnc-_m-lpeyw lrZ-bsØ kw{`-an-

∏n-°p-Ibpw Hmtcm h-kvXphns\bpw Htcm \nan-jsØbpw Bkz-

Zn-°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂p \sΩ XS-bp-Ibpw sNøpw. F{X-sN-dp-Xm-bn-

cp-∂mepw Htcm bmYm¿∞y-Øn\pw apºn¬ {]im-¥-ambn k∂n-

ln-X-am-Ip∂Xv, [mc-W-bp-sSbpw sshb-‡nI km£m-XvIm-c-

Øn-s‚bpw hnim-e-amb N{I-hm-f-ß-fn-te°v \sΩ Xpdhnbp≈

hcm-°-p∂p. anX-Xz-Øns‚bpw D≈XpsIm≠p Xr]vXns∏Sp∂

at\m`mhØns‚bpw ap{Zt]dp∂ Hcp hf¿®-bmWv {InkvXob

BflobX \n¿t±-in-°p-∂-Xv. CXp \sΩ sNdnb bmYm¿∞y

ßƒ°p-ap-ºn¬ \nev°m\pw Ahsb {]iw-kn-°m\pw A\p-h-

Zn-°p-∂Xpw, PohnXw h®p-\o-´p∂ Ah-k-c-ß-sf-°p-dn®p \μn-

bp-≈-hcpw, kz¥-am-bp-≈-h-bn¬\n∂p Bflob hnc‡n

{]m]n®hcpw, -\ap°n√mØhsb Hm¿Øv ZpxJn°mØhcpam°n-

Øo¿°p∂ emfn-Xy-Øn-te-°p≈ Xncn-®p-t]m-°-m-Wv. B[n-]-

Xy-Øns‚ at\m`mhhpw kpJmk‡nbpw- Hgn-hm-°-W-sa∂v CXv

kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

223. C{]-Im-c-ap≈ im¥X kzX-{¥-ambpw t_m[-]q¿Δ-

I-ambpw Pohn-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ hntam-N\w e`n-°p-∂p. Cu im¥X

\ne-hmcw Ipd™ Pohn-Xtam, Xo£-W-X-bn-√mØ Pohn-Xtam

A√ adn®v, Po-hnXw AXns‚ kºq¿W-X-bn¬ Pohn-°p∂ Hcp

ssien-bm-Wv. hmkvX-h-Øn¬, Pohn-X-Øns‚ Htcm\nan-jhpw

\∂mbn Bkz-Zn-°p-∂-h¿, Xßƒ°n√m-Ø-hsb tXSn-s°m≠v

Aßp-anßpw ]c°w]mbp∂-h-c-√. Htcm hy‡n-tbbpw Hmtcm

hkvXp-hn-s\bpw ASp-Ø-dn™p a\-kn-em-°m≥ Ah¿°dnbmw.

G‰hpw efnXamb Imcy-ß-tfmSpt]mepw Fßs\ _‘s∏Sm

sa∂pw B\-μn-°msa∂pw A\p-`-hn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-cm-

Wh¿. ]q¿ØoIcn°s∏SmØ B{Klßƒ hn´pIfbp∂

Xn\pw XßfpsS A`n\nthißfpw Xf¿®Ifpw Ipdbv°p∂

Xn\pw Ignbp∂hcmWh¿. D≈-Xp-sIm≠p Xr]vXns∏Sp∂

Ah¿°p [mcmfw Pohn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂p. {]tXy-In®v, {]Ir-Xn-

166

bp-am-bp≈ kulr-Zw, kwKo-Xw, Ie, tkh-\w, kplr-Zv_-‘-

ßƒ, Ign-hp-Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°¬ F∂nßs\ kt¥mjØns‚

a‰phgnIƒ Ah¿ Is≠Øp∂p. \sΩ sNdp-Xm-°p∂ Nne Bh-

iy-ßƒ ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠Xv Fß-s\-sb-∂-d-nbp-I-bpw,

PohnXw h®p-\o-´p∂ \nch[n km[y-X-I-fn-te°v Xpd-hn-bp-≠m-

bn-cn-°pIbpw sNøp∂-Xm-Wp kt¥m-jw.

224. Ign™ \q‰m≠n¬ im¥-Xbpw hn\-bhpw th≠-{X

-hn-e-a-Xn-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂n√. F∂n-cp-∂mepw, hy‡n-Po-hn-X-Ønepw

kmaq-ly-Po-hn-X-Ønepw Cu ]pWyßfn¬ GsX-¶n-ep-sam∂p

\jvS-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ, {]IrXnbnepƒs∏sS, \nc-h-[n- A-k-¥p-en-

Xm-h-ÿ-Iƒ DS-se-Sp-°p-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv, Bhm-k-hy-hÿ-

I-fpsS ka-{K-X-sb-°p-dn®p am{Xw N¿®-sN-bvXm¬ t]mcm F∂p

\Ωƒ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. a\p-jy-Pohs‚ ka-{KX-sb-°p-dn®pw F√m

\√ -aq-ey-ßfpw Hcp-an-∏n-°p-Ibpw hf¿Øp-Ibpw sNtø-≠-Xns‚

Bh-iy-I-X-sb-°p-dn®pw kwkm-cn-°m-\p≈ B¿P-hXzw \Ωƒ

{]I-Sn-∏n-°-Ww. Hcn-°¬ \ΩpsS hn\bw \jvS-s∏Sptºmƒ,

F√m-‰n-s‚bpwtaep≈ ]cn-[n-bn-√mØ A[oiXzØm¬ ASna

bm°s∏SpIbpw sNøptºmƒ, \Ωƒ kaq-l-sØbpw ]cnÿn

Xn-sbbpw D]-{Z-hn-°p∂ Ah-ÿ-bn¬ A\n-hm-cy-ambpw FØn-

s∏-Spw. Xm≥t]mcnabn¬ Pohn°pItbm, ssZhsØ Pohn-X-

ß-fn¬\n∂p ]pdw-X-≈p-Itbm, Ahn-Sp-tØ-bv°p-]-Icw \sΩ

Øs∂ ÿm]n-°p-Itbm, Fs‚ CjvSm-\n-jvS-ßƒ°-\p-kr-X-

ambn sX‰pw icnbpw Rm≥Xs∂ Xocp-am-\n-°p-sa∂p Nn¥n°p

Itbm sNøptºmƒ, CØcØnep≈ BtcmKyIcamb hn\-

bhpw kt¥m-j-I-c-amb im¥-Xbpw hf¿Øp-I-sb-fp-∏-a-√.

225. adp-h-iØv, Xt∂m-Sp-Xs∂ kam-[m-\-Øn-em-ImØ Hcp

hy‡n°pw im¥hpw kwXr-]vXn-Zm-b-I-hp-amb PohnXw \bn-

°pI km[y-a-√. kam-[m-\-sa-∂m¬ bp≤-an-√m-bva -am-{X-a-s√∂p

a\- n-em-°p∂Xn-emWv icn-bmb Bflo-b-[m-c-W- Ip-Sn-sIm-≈p-

∂-Xv. B¥-cnI kam-[m\w ]cn-ÿnXnbpw s]mXp\∑-bpw kwc-

£n°p∂Xpambn -At`Zy-ambn _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. Fs¥-

∂m¬, B¥-cnI kam-[m\w icnbmbn Pohn®m¬, k¥p-enX-

amb Pohn-X-ssi-en-bnepw PohnX-Øns‚ A¿∞sØ°p-dn-®p≈

hnkva-b-Ønepw AXp {]Xn-^-en-°p-w. {]IrXn kvt\l-Øns‚

hNkpIfm¬ \nd-™n-cn-°p-∂p. ]t£, \nc-¥-c-amb _l-f-

167


Ønepw \ne-bv°m-ØXpw Rc-ºp-Isf hen-®p-ap-dp-°p-∂-Xp-amb

tImem-l-e-ß-fnepw {]I-S-\-X-ev]-c-X-bnepw hoWp-In-S-°p∂

\ap°v AsX-ßs\ tIƒ°m-\m-Ipw? [mcmfw Bfp-Iƒ C∂v

Bgtadnb Ak¥penXmhÿ A\p`hn°p∂p≠v. AXp

Ahsc D∑mZw ]nSns]´Xpt]mep≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnte°p

\bn°pIbpw XXv^eambn Xnc°n¬ apgpIp∂hcm°pIbpw

sNøp∂p. Ah¿ Np‰p-ap≈ F√m-‰n-t\mSpw ]cp-°≥ ssien-

bn¬ CS -s]-Sp -∂Xn\nSbm°pIbpw sNøp∂p. Ah¿

]cnÿnXnsb ssIImcyw sNøp∂ coXn-bnepw Cu ]cp-°≥

kz`mhw {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂p. ka-{K-amb ]cn-ÿnXnimkv{Xw

ASßnbncn°p∂Xv, krjvSn-bp-ambp≈ im¥-amb sFIyw

hos≠Sp°p∂Xn\p-th≠n kabw am‰n-h-bv°p-∂-Xn-em-Wv.

\ΩpsS PohnXssien--sbbpw Bi-b-ß-sfbpwIpdn®v hne-bn-

cp-Ø¬ \S-Øp-∂Xnepw, \ap°nSbn¬ Pohn°pIbpw \sΩ

hebw sNøpIbpw sNøp∂ {kjvSm-hns\ [ym\n-°p∂Xnep

amWv CXv ASßnbncn°p∂Xv. Ahn-SpsØ km∂n[yw ""Hfn-

®p-h-bv°-s∏-tS-≠-X-√. adn®v, Is≠-Ø-s∏-tS-≠Xpw Xpd-°-s∏-

tS-≠-Xp-am-Wv.''155

226. \Ωƒ Pohn-XsØ im¥-amb Pm{K-X-bn¬ kao-]n-

°p∂ lrZ-b-Øns‚ at\m-`m-h-sØ-°p-dn-®mWp kwkm-cn-°p-

∂-Xv. kw -̀hn-°m≥ t]mIp-∂Xv Fs¥∂p Nn¥n-°msX \ΩpsS

PohnXw ]q¿W-ambpw a‰p≈h¿°p kao-]-ÿ-am°p∂Xnepw

Hmtcm \nan-jhpw AXns‚ kºq¿W-X-bn¬ Pohn-°m≥th≠n

ssZhw X∂ Zm\-ambn kzoIcn°p∂XnepamWv Cu lrZ-b-

`mhw ASßnbncn°p∂Xv. Cutim hb-ense en√n-I-sfbpw

BIm-i-Ønse ]d-h-I-sfbpwIpdn-®v [ym\n-°m-\mbn \sΩ- £-

Wn-®-t∏mgpw, [\n-I-\mb bphm-hns‚ AkzÿXIƒ°nSbn¬

""Ahs\ kvt\l-tØmsS ISm-£n-®-t∏mgpw'' (a¿t°mkv 10,21)

Cu at\m`mhamWp ]Tn-∏n-®-Xv. Ahn-Sp∂v F√m-h¿°pw F√m-

Øn\pw kao-]-ÿ-\m-bn-cp-∂p. A{]Imcw, \sΩ A¥kmc

an√mØhcpw hn\miImcnIfpw, imTy-_p-≤n-bp≈ D]-t`m-‡m-

°-fpam-°p∂ A\mtcmKyIcamb DXvIWvTbn¬\n∂pw tamNn-

X-cm-°m-≥ Ahn-Sp∂p ImWn-®-am¿§w CXm-bn-cp-∂p.

227. Blm-c-Øn\p apºpw ]nºpw \Ωƒ ssZh-Øn\p

IrX-⁄-X-b¿∏n-°m-\mbn \n¬°p-∂Xv Cu at\m-`m-h-Øns‚

168

DØ-a-\n-Z¿i-\-am-Wv. at\m-l-c-amb Cu ]mc-º-cy-Øn-te°p

aSßm≥ F√m hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw Rm≥ A`y¿∞n-°p-∂p. IrX-

⁄-X-bpsS B \nan-j-ßƒ, F{X sNdp-Xm-bn-cp-∂mepw, \ΩpsS

Poh≥ ssZhØn-em-{i-bn-®m-Wn-cn-°p-∂-sX∂p \sΩ Hm¿Ω-s∏-

Sp-Øp-∂p; krjvSn-I-fm-Ip∂ Zm\-sØ-{]Xn Ahn-Sp-tØm-Sp

\ap°p≈ \μnbpsS hnImcsØ i‡ns∏SpØp∂p; Cu hn`-

h-ß-sfm-cp-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n ]mSp-s]-´-hsc \Ωƒ AwKo-I-cn-

°p-∂p. Atßb‰w Bh-iy-ß-fn-em-bn-cn-°p-∂-h-tcm-Sp≈

sFIyw \Ωƒ Dd-∏p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

V. ]c-kv]c kvt\lhpw cmjv{Sob kvt\lhpw

228. Hcp-an®p hkn-°m\pw Iq´mbvabnembncn°m\pw Ign-

hp≈ PohnXssien-bpsS ̀ mK-amWp {]IrXntbmSp≈ IcpX¬.

ssZhw \Ωp-sS-sb√mw ]nXm-hm-sW∂pw, Aßs\ \Ωƒ

ktlm-Zcoktlm-Z-c-ß-fm-sW∂pw Cutim \sΩ Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-

Øn. ktlm-Z-c-kvt\lw Ft∏mgpw D]m[nIfn√mØXmbn

cn°pw. a‰p-≈-h¿ \ap°p sNbvXpX∂tXm sNøm-\n-cn-°p-∂-

tXm Bbhbv°p ]IcwsImSp°p∂X√ AXv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv,

i{Xp-°sf kvt\ln-°m≥ \ap°p Ign-bp-∂-Xv. CtX \ncp-]m-

[nIkvt\l-amWv Im‰v, kqcy≥, taL-ßƒ XpS-ßn-bh, F{X-

Xs∂ \ΩpsS \nb-{¥-W-Øn-\-∏p-d-am-bn-cp-∂mepw, Ahsb

kvt\ln-°m\pw AwKo-I-cn-°m\pw \sΩ t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

Cub¿∞-Øn¬, \ap°p ""hniz-km-tlm-Z-cy-'' (universal fraternity)sØ-∏‰n kwkm-cn-°m-\m-Ipw.

229. \ap°p ]ckv]cw Bh-iy-ap≠v; temI-Øns‚bpw

a‰p-≈-h-cpsSbpw Imcy-Øn¬ \ap°p Xpey DØ-c-hm-Zn-ØXzap-

≠v; \∑bpw am\y-Xbpw D≈-h-cm-bn-cn-°pI F∂Xp aqeyap≈

XmWv; Cu t_m[yßƒ \Ωƒ hos≠-Sp-°-Ww. Ak∑m¿Kn-

IXbpw [m¿Ωn-I-X, \∑, hnizmkw, kXy-k-‘X F∂n-htbm

Sp≈ ]cnlmkhpw \ap°mhiyØne[nIambn Ign™p.

emLh _p≤ntbmsSbp≈ -D-]-cn-π-h-X Ct∂-hsc Hcp \∑bpw

sIm≠p-h-∂n-´n-s√∂ bmYm¿∞yw AwKoIcn°m≥ kabambn.

kmaqlyPohn-X-Øns‚ ASnØdIƒ {Zhn®pXpS-ßp-∂Xns‚

A\¥c ̂ eßƒ hncp≤ Xmev]-cy-ßsf{]Xn-bp≈ bp≤-ßƒ,

]pXnb cq]-`m-h-ß-fn-ep≈ A{I-a-ßfpw arKo-b-Xbpw-, {]IrXn

169


tbmSp≈ bYm¿∞ IcpXens‚ hf¿®-bv°p≈ XS-k-ßƒ

F∂n-h-bm-Wv.

230. enkyq-hnse hn. t{Xkym kvt\l-Øns‚ Ipdp-°p-

hgn ]cn-io-en-°m\pw, A\p-I-ºm¿{Z-amb Hcp hmt°m ]p©n-

cntbm, kam-[m-\hpw kulr-Zhpw hnX-bv°m≥ tijnbp≈

Hcp sNdnb BwKy-tam-t]mepw ]mgm-°-mXncn°m\pw \sΩ

£Wn-°p-∂p. A{I-a-Øns‚bpw NqjW-Øn-s‚bpw kzm¿∞-

X-bp-sSbpw bp‡n-\ym-b-ßƒ°p ]q¿Whn-cm-a-an-Sp∂ A\p-Zn-

\-Po-hn-X-Ønse efn-X-amb sNdp-{]-I-S-\-ßƒs°m-≠p-amWp ka-

{K-amb ]cn-ÿnXnimkv{Xw cq]-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Npcp-°-Øn¬, D]-

t`m-Kw-sIm≠p ho¿∏p-ap-´p∂ Hcp temIw F√m cq]-Øn-ep-ap≈

Poh-s\bpw D]-{Z-hn-°p∂ temI-am-bn-cn-°pw.

231. ]c-kv]c IcpXens‚ sNdnb {]I-S-\-ß-fn-eqsS Ihn-

s™m-gp-Ip∂ kvt\lw ]uc-kvt\-ltam cmjv{Snb kvt\ltam

BImw. IqSp-X¬ sa®-s∏´ Hcp temIw ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øm-\p≈

Hmtcm {]h¿Ø-\-Ønepw Cu kvt\lw {]I-S-am-Ip-∂p. kaq-l-

tØm-Sp≈ kvt\lhpw s]mXp\-∑-tbm-Sp≈ {]Xn-_-≤-Xbpw

AKm-[-amb D]-hn-bpsS anI® {]I-S-\-ß-fm-Wv. Cu D]-hn-bm-

Is´ hy‡n-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ _‘sØ am{X-a√, ""cmjv{Snb

kmaq-lnI kmº-ØnI _‘-ß-sfbpw a‰p hnim-e-amb _‘-

ß-sfbpw _m[n-°p∂ H∂m-Wv.''156. AXp-sIm-≠mWv, k` temI-

Øn\p apºn¬ ""kvt\l-kw-kvImcw''157 F∂ Bibw h®-Xv.

bYm¿∞ hnI-k-\-Øns‚ Xmt°m¬ kmaqly kvt\l-am-Wv.

""Cu kaq-lsØ IqSp-X¬ am\-hnI aqey-ßƒ D≈-Xm-°p-∂-

Xn-\v, a\p-jy-hy-‡n°v IqSp-X¬ tbmPn-®-Xm-°p-∂-Xn\v, kaq-

l-Pn-hn-X-Ønse ̨ cmjv{So-b-, -km-º-ØnI, kmw-kvIm-cnI aWvU-

e-ß-fnse ˛ kvt\l-Øn\p ]pXn-sbmcp aqeyw sImSp-°-Ww.

Cu kvt\lw F√m {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-sSbpw kpÿn-chpw G‰hpw

D∂-Xhp-amb am\-Z-WvU-am-I-Ww.''158 Cu ]›mØeØn¬,

A\pZn\PohnXØnse {]m[m\yap≈ sNdnb ASbmfßtfm

sSm∏w, ]cnÿnXntimjWw XSbp∂Xn\p≈ h≥InS]≤Xn

Iƒ cq]s∏SpØm\pw, kaqlØn¬ apgph≥ hym]nt°≠

""IcpXens‚ kwkvImcw'' t{]m’mln∏n°m\pw kmaqly

kvt\lw \sΩ Nen∏n°p∂p. Cu kmaqlykwhn[m\Øn¬,

170

a‰p≈htcmSv CSs]Sm≥ ssZhw \sΩ hnfn°ptºmƒ, CXpw

BflobXbpsS `mKamsW∂pw, ]ckvt\lØns‚ {]hrØn

bmsW∂pw, AØcØn¬ \sΩ ]IzaXnIfm°pIbpw hnip≤o

Incn°pIbpw sNøp∂ ImcyamsW∂pw \Ωƒ Xncn®cnbWw.

232. cmjv{SobPohn-X-Øn¬ t\cn´v CSs]Sm≥ F√m

hcpw hnfn-°-s∏-ń-ń-√. s]mXp\∑sb t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°m-\pw,

kzm`m-hn-Itam \mK-cn-Itam Bb ]cn-ÿn-Xnsb kwc-£n-

°m\pambn {]h¿Øn®psIm≠ncn°p∂ AkwJyw ÿm]-\-

ß-fm¬ C∂sØ kaqlw kº-∂-am-Wv. s]mXpÿe-ßƒ (Hcp

sIń-Sw, \o¿®mepIƒ, Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏´ kvamc-Iw, {]Ir-Xn-Zr-

iyw, Hcp NXzcw) kI-e-cp-sSbpw kz¥-am-sW-∂p-ff t_m[y-

tØmsS kwc-£n-°m\pw ]p\-ÿm-]n-°m-\pw, hf¿Øp-hm\pw

at\m-l-c-am-°m-\p-ap≈ DZy-aw Nne¿ \SØp∂Xv CXn\p

ZmlcWamWv. Cu Iq´mbvabpsS {]h¿Ø-\ßƒ°p Np‰p-ambn

_‘-ßƒ hnImkw {]m]n-°p-Itbm, \jvSs∏´ _‘ßƒ

hos≠-Sp-°-s∏SpItbm sNøpw; Aßs\ Hcp ]pXnb kaql

LS\ cq]-s∏-Spw. Cßs\ D]-t`m-K-kw-kvIm-c-w IpØnhbv°p∂

\nkw-K-X-bn¬\n∂pw ]pdØp IS-°m≥ Hcp kaq-l-Øn\p km[n-

°pw. CØcw {]h¿Ø\ßƒ, ]n∂oSv Hm¿an°s∏tS≠Xpw

ssIam‰w sNøs∏tS≠Xpamb Hcp IYtbmsSm∏w, ]¶p-h-bv°-

s∏´ Hcp X\-Xm-fl-I-Xsb hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°p-∂p. C{]Imcw,

ssZhw \sΩ `c-taev∏n® s]mXp`h-\-Øn-emWp \Ωƒ hkn-

°p-∂-Xv F∂ sFIymht_m[w ]pe¿Øp∂tXmsSm∏w,

temIsØbpw AXnse Zcn-{Z--cpsS PohnX-\n-e-hm-csØbpw ]‰n

IcpXtemsS h¿Øn°m\pw \ap°p Ignbpw.

VI. IuZminI ASbmfßfpw hn{iaØns‚ BtLmjhpw

233. {]IrXn AXns\ ]q¿Wam°p∂ ssZhØn¬ Npcp-

f-gn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. Ce-I-fn-epw, ae-ap-I-fnepw, a™p-Xp-≈n-bnepw Hcp

]mh-s∏-́ -hs‚ apJ-Øp-sa-√mw ssZhnIamb cl-kym-hn-jvI-cWw

\ap°p ImWm≥ km[n°pw.159 Bflm-hnse ssZhnI {]hrØn-

Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ F√m-‰n-s‚bpw ]pdw-tam-Sn-I-fn¬\n∂p D≈-

d-I-fnte°p sNs∂-ØpI F∂-Xp-am-{X-a-√, F√m hkvXp-°-fnepw

ssZh-sØ Is≠ØpI F∂Xpw amXrIm]camWv. hn. s_m\-

sh-©-dns‚ A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬, ""\ΩpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬ ssZhIr]-

171


bpsS {]h¿Ø\w IqSp-Xembn \ap°\p`hs∏Sptºmgpw a‰p

krjvSnIfn¬ ssZhsØ Is≠Øm≥ \Ωƒ IqSpX¬

]Tn°ptºmgpw [ym\w Bgs∏Sp∂p.''160

234. Ipcn-ins‚ hnip≤ tbml-∂m≥ ]Tn∏n®Xpt]mse,

""Cu temI-Ønse bmYm¿∞y-ß-fnepw A\p-̀ -h-ß-fnepw k∂n-

ln-X-am-bn-cn-°p∂ F√m \∑-Ifpw, ssZhØn¬ A\¥ambpw

]q¿Wambpw k∂n-ln-X-am-Wv; DXvIrjvSamb Cu Hmtcm

bmYm¿∞yØnepw ssZhkm∂n≤yap≠v.''161 AXn\p ImcWw,

Cu temI-Ønse ]cnanXnbp≈ hkvXp°sf√mw bYm¿∞

Øn¬ ssZhambXpsIm≠√; adn®v, Xm]-k-\mb a\p-jy≥

ssZhhpw k¿hPoh-Pm-e-ßfpw XΩnep≈ D‰_‘w A\p`hn

°pIbpw F√mw ssZhnIambn IcpXpIbpw sNøp∂Xp

sIm≠mWv.162 Hcp ae-bpsS apºn¬ ]I®p \nev°p∂ a\pjy\v

ssZhm-\p-`-h-Øn¬\n∂p AXns\ th¿-s]-Sp-Øm≥ km[n-°p-

I-bn-√. B¥cnIambn A\p`hn® hnkvabw ssZh-Øn-\mbn

ka¿∏n-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂p ]n∂o-S-h≥ Xncn-®-dn-bp∂p; ""]¿hX

ßƒ D∂XßfmWv. AXp-t]mseXs∂ Ah kar-≤-amWv,

hnim-e-hpw, at\m-l-c-hpw, Ir]-\n-d-™-Xpw, sXfn-a-bm¿∂Xpw

kpK-‘-ap-≈-Xp-am-Wv. Fs‚ {]nb-s∏-´-h≥ F\n°v F¥mtWm

AXpt]mse-bm-Wv Cu aeIfpw. GIm-¥-Xmgvhmc-ßƒ \ni-

_vZ-am-Wv, kt¥mjw \evIp-∂-Xm-Wv, Ipfn¿Ωbp≈Xpw

XWteIp∂Xpw ip≤-Pew Hgp-Ip-∂-Xp-am-Wv; Ah-bpsS hyXy-

kvX-ß-fmb tXm∏pIfpw ]£n-I-fpsS a[p-ckwKoXhpw Ah

kar≤amb hnt\mZw \evIp∂p; Fs‚ C{μn-b-ßƒ°p [mcmfw

D√m-khpw kt¥m-jhpw {]Zm\w sNøp-∂p. Ah-bpsS \ni-

_vZ-Xbpw GIm-¥-Xbpw \sΩ hn{i-an-°m\pw Du¿÷-kz-e-cm-

Im\pw klm-bn-°p-∂p. Fs‚ {]nbs∏´h≥ F\n°v F¥mtWm

AXpt]msebmWv Cu Xmgvhmc-ßfpw.''163

235. ssZhw {]Ir-Xn-sb kzoIcn®v AXn-kzm-̀ m-hn-I- Poh≥

{]Zm\w sNøm\p≈ am≤yaambn khntijcoXnbn¬ AXns\

Db¿Øp∂XmWp IqZm-i-Iƒ. ssZhm-cm-[-bn-eqsS as‰mcp Xe

Øn¬\n∂psIm≠v temI-sØ ]pevIp-hm≥ \Ωƒ hnfn°s∏´n

cn°p∂p. Pew, FÆ, Xobv, \nd-ßƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-sb F√mw

Ah-bpsS {]XoImflIi‡n-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-Øs∂ kzoIcn®v

\ΩpsS kvXpXn-bpsS {]hrØn-bn¬ Dƒt®¿Øn-cn-°p-∂p. A\p-

172

{K-ln-°p∂ Icw ssZh-kvt\-l-Øns‚ Hcp]I-c-Whpw Pohn-X-

bm-{X-bn¬ \sΩ A\p-[m-h\w sNøp-∂- Cutimanin-lm-bpsS

kl-hm-k-Øns‚ {]Xn-^-e-\hpamWv. amtam-Zo-km-th-f-bn¬

inip-hns‚ ico-c-Øn-t∑¬ Hgn-°s∏Sp∂ Pew ]pXp-Po-hs‚

{]Xo-I-am-Wv. ssZhsØ I≠pap´pI F∂m¬ temI-Øn¬

\n∂p≈ Hfn-t®m-´tam {]Ir-Xn-tbmSp ]pdwXncn™p\nev°tem

A√. ]uckvXy ss{IkvXh k -̀bpsS B≤ym-fln-I-X-bn¬ CXp

{]tXyIn®pw hy‡-am-Wv. ""]uckvXyk`-bn¬ G‰-hp-a-[nIw

CjvS-s∏-Sp -∂Xpw ssZhnssIIysØbpw cq]m¥cs∏´

am\pjnIXsbbpw {]Imin∏n°m≥ D]tbmKn°p∂Xpamb

"kuμcyw' F∂ hm°v k¿h{X ImWs∏Sp∂p; ssZhmeb

Øns‚ BIrXnbnepw AXn\p≈nse kzc-ßƒ, \nd-ßƒ, {]Im-

i-w, ]cnafw, F∂nhbnepw ImWs∏Sp∂p.''164. ss{IkvX-hsc

kw_-‘n®v krjvS{]]-©-Ønse F√m Poh-Pme-ßfpw Ah-

X-cn® hN-\-ØnemWv Ah-bpsS bYm¿∞ km£m-Xv°mcw

Is≠-Øp-∂Xv. ImcWw, ssZh-]p-{X≥ Cu `uXnI {]]-©-

Øns‚ Hcp`mKw X∂nte°v Dƒt®¿ØpsIm≠v cq]m-¥-co-I-c-

W-Øn\p≈ Hcp hnØv AXn¬ ]mIn. ""{InkvXobX ]Zm¿∞

sØ X≈n-∏-d-bp-∂n-√. AXn-ep-]-cn-bmbn, imco-cn-I-X AXns‚

F√m aqey-ß-tfm-sSbpw Bcm-[-\m-{I-am-\p-jvTm-\-ß-fn¬

]cnKWn°s∏Sp∂p. Aßs\, a\pjyicocw ]cn-ip-≤m-cq]n

bpsS Be-b-sa∂ \nebnep≈ AXns‚ B¥cnI {]IrXn

bn¬ shfns∏SpØs∏SpIbpw temI-c-£-bv°p-th≠n Hcp

icocw kzoI-cn® \ΩpsS I¿Øm-hotimanin-lm-bpambn sFIy-

s∏SpIbpw sNøp∂p.''165

236. hnip≤ Ip¿_m\bnemWp krjvShkvXp°sf√mw

AXns‚ G‰hpw D∂Xamb alXzw ssIhcn°p∂Xv. kv]¿i

thZyamb hn[Øn¬ kzbw shfns∏SpØm\m{Kln°p∂

ssZhIr] ]caamb {]Imi\w Is≠ØnbXv ssZhwXs∂

a\pjy\mbXnepw Xs‚ krjvSnIƒ°p `£Wambn kzbw

\evInbXnepamWv. a\pjymhXmcw F∂ clkyØns‚

]catImSnbn¬, I¿Ømhv Hcp ]Zm¿∞iIewhgn \ΩpsS

B¥cnI Bgßfnte°v Cdßm≥ Xømdmbn. AhnSp∂p

hcp∂Xp apIfn¬\n∂√ ̨ D≈n¬ \n∂mWv ̨ Cu temIØn¬

\Ωƒ AhnSpsØ Is≠tØ≠Xn\mWv. ]cnip≤ Ip¿_m\

bn¬ kºq¿WXbp≠v; CXp {]]©Øns‚ PohtI{μamWv,

173


IcIhns™mgpIp∂ kvt\lØns‚bpw A£bPohs‚bpw

ImXemWv. ]cnip≤ Ip¿_m\bn¬ k∂nlnX\mbncn°p∂

]p{Xt\mSp tbmPn®psIm≠p {]]©w apgph≥ ssZhØn\p

\μn ]dbp∂p. ]cnip≤ Ip¿_m\ Xs∂bpw hnizkvt\l

Øns‚ {]hrØnbmWv; ""AsX, hnizkvt\lØns‚... Fs¥

∂m¬, ]cnip≤ Ip¿_m\ Hcp {Kma{]tZisØ Ffnb _en

]oTØn¬ BtLmjn°s∏Sptºmƒt]mepw, Hcp hn[Øn¬

AXp temIØns‚ _en]oTØnt∑emWv A¿∏n°s∏Sp

∂Xv.'' 166 hnip≤ Ip¿_m\ kz¿KsØbpw `qansbbpw

tbmPn∏n°p∂p; AXv F√m krjvSnIsfbpw Bt«jn°pIbpw

AhbpsS D≈n¬ {]thin°pIbpw sNøp∂p. ssZhØns‚

Icßfn¬\n∂p AÿnXzw {]m]n® {]]©w GIhpw

A\pKrloXhpamb Bcm[\bneqsS AhnSpsØ ]°te°p

aSßp∂p; ZnhyImcpWy A∏Øn¬, ""kr„n ssZhoIcW

Ønte°v, kz¿Kobhnhmlhncp∂nte°v, {kjvSmhnt\mSp

Xs∂bp≈ H∂n®ptNcente°v D∑pJambncn°p∂p.''167.

C{]Imcw, ]cnip≤ Ip¿_m\ ]cnÿnXnsb°pdn®p≈ \ΩpsS

IcpXen\v {]tNmZ\Øns‚bpw {]ImiØns‚bpw DdhnSamWv.

AXp \sΩ F√m krjvSnIfpsSbpw Imcyÿ∑mcmIm≥ hgn

\SØp∂p.

237. RmbdmgvN \Ωƒ ]cnip≤ Ip¿_m\bn¬ ]s¶Sp

°p∂Xn\p {]tXyI {]m[m\yap≠v. blqZcpsS km_Øp

t]meXs∂ RmbdmgvNbpw, ssZhtØmSpw \tΩmSpXs∂bpw

a‰p≈htcmSpw temItØmSpw \ap°p≈ _‘ßsf kuJy

s∏SpØm≥ Dt±in®p≈ ZnhkamWv. RmbdmgvN D∞m\Øns‚

Zn\amWv; ]pXnb krjvSnbpsS ""BZyZnhk''amWv; Cu

krjvSnbpsS BZy^eßƒ I¿Ømhns‚ D∞m\w sNbvX

am\pjnIXbpw F√m krjvS bmYm¿∞yßfpsSbpw Ahkm\

cq]m¥cØns‚ A®mchpamWv. AXp ""ssZhØnep≈

a\pjys‚ \nXyhn{iasØ'' {]Jym]n°p∂p.168 C{]Imcw,

ss{IkvXh BflobX hn{iaØns‚bpw BtLmjØns‚bpw

aqeysØ Dƒt®¿°p∂p. [ym\mflIamb hn{iasØ A\m

hiysa∂pw \njv^esa∂pw hneIpd®p ImWm\p≈ Hcp

{]hWX \ap°p≠v; F∂menXv, sXmgnens\ kw_‘n®

G‰hpw {][m\s∏´ A¿∞sØ C√mXm°p∂Xn\p XpeyamWv.

174

\Ωƒ hnfn°s∏´ncn°p∂Xv \ΩpsS sXmgnen¬ kzoImcyX

bpsSbpw kuP\yZm\Øns‚bpw am\ßƒIqSn Dƒs∏SpØm

\mWv. AXmIs´, shdpw \njv{InbXza√ Xm\pw; adn®v, the

sNøp∂Xns‚ as‰mcp cq]amWv. \ΩpsS A¥xkØsbØs∂

cq]oIcn°p∂ Hcp am¿Kw. AXp a\pjy{]hrØnsb iq\yamb

{]h¿Ø\Xzc BIp∂Xn¬\n∂p kwc£n°p∂p. AXp

as‰√m‰n\pw {]XnIqeamIØ°hn[Øn¬ Ah\hs‚

t\´wam{Xw tXSp∂ ISn™mWn√mØ, AXym{Klw, GIm¥X

F∂nhbn¬\n∂pw \sΩ kwc£n°p∂p. BgvNhn{iasØ

°pdn®p≈ \nbaw Ggmw ZnhksØ tPmen \ntcm[n®n´p≠v.

""\ns‚ Imfbpw IgpXbpw hn{ian°s´. \ns‚ ZmknbpsS

]p{X\pw ]ctZinbpw £oWw Xo¿°s´.'' (]pd 23,12). hn{iaw

\ΩpsS IÆpIsf hnimeamb Nn{XØnte°p Xpd°pIbpw

a‰p≈hcpsS AhImißsf°pdn®p h¿≤n® kwthZ\£aX

\evIpIbpw sNøp∂p. Aßs\, ]cnip≤ Ip¿_m\bn¬

tI{μoIrXamb hn{iaØns‚ Znhkw BgvNapgph\nepw {]`

hnXdpIbpw {]IrXntbmSpw Zcn{ZtcmSpw \ap°p≈ IcpXens\

{]tNmZn∏n°pIbpw sNøp∂p.

VII. ]cnip≤ {XnXzhpw krjvSnIƒ XΩnep≈ _‘hpw

238. ]nXmhv F√m‰ns‚bpw BXy¥nI DdhnSamWv.

AkvXnXzap≈ F√m‰ns‚bpw kvt\lap≈, kzbw shfns∏Sp

Øp∂ ASnØdbpamWv. AhnSpsØ {]Xn—mbbmb ]p{X\m¬

F√mw krjvSn°s∏´p. ]p{X≥ adnbØns‚ DZcØn¬ Dcphmb

t∏mƒ Xs∂Øs∂ Cu temItØmSv Dƒt®¿Øp. kvt\l

Øns‚ A\¥ _‘amb ]cnip≤mcq]n ]pXnb hgnIƒ cq]

s∏SpØns°m≠pw \sΩ {]tNmZn∏n®psIm≠pw {]]©Øns‚

D≈ns‚bp≈n¬ k∂nlnX\mWv. aq∂mfpIfpw GI ssZhnI

kØbnemWp {]]©w krjvSn®Xv; HmtcmcpØcpw Ahc

hcpsS hy‡n khntijXIƒ°\pkrXambn krjvSnI¿Ωw

\n¿hln®p. XXv^eambn, ""{]]©sØ AXns‚ k¿h alna

bnepw kuμcyØnepw hnkvabtØmsS \Ωƒ [ym\n°ptºmƒ

]cnip≤ {XnXzsØ hmgvØWw.''169.

239. ss{IkvXhsc kw_‘n®v, {XnssXzI Iq´mbvabmb

GIssZhØnep≈ hnizmkw ]cnip≤ {XnXzØns‚ ap{Z F√m

175


krjvSnIfpsSbpwta¬ Ds≠∂p≈Xns‚ sXfnhmWv. hnip≤

s_m\sh©dns‚ A`n{]mbØn¬, BZn]m]Øn\p apºp≈

a\pjy≥, ""ssZhw {XnXzamsW∂p≈Xn\v Hmtcm krjvSnbpw

Fßs\ km£yw hln°p∂p'' F∂p I≠ncp∂p. ""{]IrXn

bmIp∂ ]pkvXIw a\pjy\p apºn¬ Xpd∂ncn°pIbpw, \ΩpsS

IÆpIƒ A‘ImcmhrXamImXncn°pIbpw sNbvXncp∂

t∏mƒ,''170 ]cnip≤ {XnXzØns‚ {]Xnê\w {]IrXnbnepS

\ofw Xncn®dnbs∏ńcp∂p. {^m≥knkvI≥ kaqlØn¬s∏´

Cu hnip≤≥ \sΩ ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv, ""Hmtcm krjvSnbpw AXn\p

≈n¬Øs∂ ]cnip≤ {XnXzØns‚ LS\ kwhln°p∂p''

F∂mWv. a\pjyho£Ww C{Xb[nIw ̀ mKnIhpw Ccp≠Xpw

Zp¿_ehpa√mbncps∂¶n¬ H‰t\m´Øn¬Xs∂ ZrjvSntKmNc

amIØ°hn[w Cu ap{Z A{Xam{Xw bYm¿∞amWv. C{]Imcw,

{XnXzmflI Xmt°m¬ (trinitarian key) D]tbmKn®p bmYm¿∞y

sØ hmbn°m≥ {ian°m\p≈ sh√phnfn At±lw Nq≠n

°mWn°p∂p.

240. {XnXzØnse hy‡nXzßƒ ]cvkv]cw klhkn

°p∂ _‘ßfmWv (subsistent relations). ssZhnIamXrIbn¬

krjvSn°s∏ńcn°p∂ temIhpw _‘ßfpsS Hcp irwLe

bmWv. krjvSnIƒ ssZhØnte°p Nmbvhp≈hbmWv; AXp

t]mseXs∂, Hmtcm Pohnbpw as‰m∂nte°p Nmbvhp≈

Xmbncn°pI bp‡amWv. AXn\m¬, {]]©ØnepS\ofw

kpÿnchpw ]ckv]cw CgtN¿∂ncn°p∂Xpw clkymflI

hpamb _‘ßƒ F{XthWsa¶nepw Is≠Øm\mhpw.171

CXp \sΩ {]tNmZn∏n°p∂Xv krjvSnIƒ°nSbn¬ \ne

\nev°p∂ hnhn[ßfmb _‘ßsf°pdn®v A¤pXw Iqdm≥

am{Xa√, \ΩpsSXs∂ km£mXvImcØns‚ Xmt°m¬

Is≠Øm\pamWv. a\pjyhy‡n ssZhtØmSpw a‰p≈htcmSpw

a‰p krjvSnItfmSpw Iq´mbvabn¬ Pohn°m\mbn X\n°p

]pdtØ°p IS∂psIm≠v, _‘ßfn¬ G¿s∏Sp∂Xns‚

A\p]mXa\pkcn®v, IqSpX¬ hfcpIbpw, IqSpX¬ ]IzX

{]m]n°pIbpw, IpSpX¬ hnip≤oIcn°s∏SpIbpw sNøp∂p.

C{]Imcw, Ah¿ krjvSn°s∏´t∏mƒ ssZhw Ahcn¬

\nt£]n® {XnXzØns‚ Ne\mflIX Ah¿ XßfpsS

kz¥am°nØo¿°p∂p. F√mw ]ckv]c_≤amWv; CXp \sΩ

176

]cnip≤ {XnXzØns‚ ZnhyclkyØn¬\n∂v DdhsbSp°p∂

BtKmssfIyØns‚ BflobX hf¿ØnsbSp°m≥

£Wn°p∂p.

VIII. k¿hkrjvSnIfpsSbpw cm⁄n

241. Cutimsb IcpXtemsS hf¿Ønb AΩbmb adnbw

apdnth‰ Cu temIsØ°pdn®v Ct∏mƒ amXrklPamb

hm’eytØmsSbpw s\mºctØmsSbpw IcpX¬ ]pe¿

Øp∂p. AhfpsS apdnth‰ lrZbw CutimbpsS acWØn¬

hne]n®Xpt]mse, {Iqin°s∏´ Zcn{Zscbpw a\pjys‚

B[n]XyØm¬ aen\am°s∏´ Cu temIØnse krjvSn

Isfbpw{]Xn Ahƒ Ct∏mƒ thZ\n°p∂p. kºq¿Wambn

cq]m¥cs∏´v Ahƒ Ct∏mƒ CutimtbmsSm∏w Pohn°p

Ibpw k¿hkrjvSnIfpw AhfpsS kuμcysØ {]Io¿Øn

°pIbpw sNøp∂p. ""Ahƒ kqcys\ DSbmSbm°nb kv{Xo

bmWv. ]mZßƒ°Snbn¬ N{μ≥ \n∂ncp∂p. inckn¬ ]{¥≠p

\£{XßƒsIm≠p≈ IncoShpw'' (shfn 12,1). kz¿KØnte°v

FSp°s∏´ Ahƒ k¿hkrjvSnIfpsSbpw amXmhpw

cm⁄nbpamWv. D∞nX\mb aninlmtbmsSmØv, AhfpsS

alXzoIrXamb icocØn¬, krjvSnbpsS Hcp `mKw AXns‚

kuμcy]q¿WXbnseØnbncn°p∂p. Ahƒ CutimbpsS

PohnXwapgph≥ Xs‚ lrZbØn¬ kw{Kln°pIbpw (eq°m

2,19.51) Ct∏mƒ F√m‰ns‚bpw A¿∞w {Kln°pIbpw

sNøp∂p. AXn\m¬, Cu temIsØ ⁄m\ZrjvSntbmsS

t\m°n°mWm≥ \sΩ {]m]vXcm°p∂Xn\v AhtfmSp

bmNn°mw.

242. \{kØnse Xncp°pSpw_Øn¬ adnbtØmsSm∏w

hnip≤ butk∏ns\ \ap°p ImWmw. Xs‚ A≤zm\hpw

DZmcX \nd™ km∂n≤yhpwhgn At±lw adnbsØbpw

Cutimsbbpw IcpXtemsS kwc£n®p. CuPn]vXnte°p≈

]emb\ØneqsS Ahsc \oXnclnXcpsS AXn{Iaßfn¬

\n∂p c£n®p. kphntijw hnip≤ butk∏ns\ \oXnam\pw

ITn\m≤zm\nbpw i‡\pambmWv AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv. ]t£,

At±lw henb B¿{ZXbpw {]ISn∏n°p∂p≠v. AXp

_elo\cpsS ASbmfa√, bYm¿∞ _ehm∑mcpsS apJap{Z

177


bmWv. Ah¿ bmYm¿∞ysØ°pdn®p kºq¿W Aht_m[

ap≈hcpw kvt\ln°m\pw hn\btØmsS ip{iqjn°m\pw

Xømdp≈hcpamWv. AXpsIm≠mWv At±lw Xncpk`bpsS

Imh¬°mc\mbn {]Jym]n°s∏´Xv. Fßs\bmWp IcpX¬

]pe¿tØ≠sX∂v At±lhpw \sΩ ]Tn∏n°p∂p; ssZhw

\sΩ Gev∏n®ncn°p∂ temIsØ DZmcXtbmSpw AenthmSpw

IqSn kwc£n°p∂Xn\mbn A≤zm\n°phm≥ \ap°p

{]tNmZ\w \evIm≥ At±lØn\mIpw.

IX. kqcy\∏pdw

243. Ahkm\w \msa√mhcpw ssZhØns‚ A\¥ kuμ

cysØ apJmapJw ImWpw (1 tImdn 13,12). Ahkm\n°mØ

kºq¿WXbn¬ \tΩmsSm∏w ]¶p]‰m\ncn°p∂ {]]©

Øns‚ clkysØ hnkvabtØmSpw kt¥mjtØmSpwIqsS

a\ nem°pw. Ct∏mƒXs∂ \Ωƒ \nXybpsS km_Ønte°v

(sabbath of eternity) ˛ ]pXnb Hm¿«ante°v, kz¿KØnse

\ΩpsS s]mXp`h\Ønte°v ̨ bm{X sNbvXpsIm≠ncn°pI

bmWv. Cutim ]dbp∂p: ""kIeXpw Rm≥ \hoIcn°p∂p.''

(shfn 21, 5). Hmtcm krjvSnbpw {]`m]q¿Wambn cq]m¥c

s∏Sp∂Xns‚bpw, AXXn\v AhImis∏´ ÿm\w

kzoIcn°p∂Xns‚bpw, Ft∂°pambn hntamNn∏n°s∏Sp∂

km[pa\pjy¿°p kt¥mjw {]Zm\w sNøp∂Xnt‚Xpamb

hnkvabØn¬ ]¶ptNcp∂ A\p`hambncn°pw \nXyPoh≥.

244. CXn\nSbn¬, \ap°p `ctaev∏n°s∏´ncn°p∂ Cu

`h\Øns‚ DØchmZnXztaev°m≥ \Ωƒ Hcpan°p∂Xv,

ChnsS AkvXnXzap≈ F√m hkvXp°fpw kz¿Kobhncp∂n¬

kzoIcn°s∏Spsa∂v Adn™psIm≠mWv. F√m krjvSn

ItfmSpsam∏w \Ωƒ Cu `qanbneqsS ssZhsØ tXSn bm{X

sNøpIbmWv. ImcWw, ""temIØn\v Hcmcw`aps≠¶n¬, AXp

krjvSn°s∏´XmsW¶n¬, BcmWnXn\v Bcw`w \evInb

sX∂pw, BcmWnXns‚ {kjvSmhv F∂pw \Ωƒ BcmbWw.''172

Km\ame]n®psIm≠p \ap°p aptºm´p \oßmw. Cu {]]©

sØ{]Xnbp≈ \ΩpsS t¢ißfpw BIpeXbpw {]XymibpsS

B\μw Hcn°epw \Ωn¬\n∂v FSpØp IfbmXncn°s´.

178

245. DZmcamb {]Xn_≤Xbnte°pw \ap°p≈

k¿hhpw AhnSptØ°p ka¿∏n°p∂Xnte°pw \sΩ

£Wn°p∂ ssZhw \ΩpsS am¿KØn¬ Dd®p\nev°m\p≈

i‡nbpw {]Imihpw \evIp∂p. \sΩ hfscb[nIw

kvt\ln°p∂ Pohs‚ \mY≥ Cu temIØns‚ lrZbØn¬

kZm k∂nlnX \mWv. AhnSp∂p \sΩ Dt]£n°p∂n√;

\sΩ X\n®m°p∂p an√; ImcWw, AhnSp∂p Xs∂Øs∂

\ΩpsS Cu `qantbmS v Fs∂t∂°pambn

sFIys∏SpØnbncn°p∂p. ]pXnb hgnIƒ Is≠Øm≥

AhnSpsØ kvt\lw \nc¥cw \sΩ \n¿_‘n °p∂p. Ah\p

kvXpXn!

246. kt¥mjIchpw F∂m¬ AkzkvYXs∏SpØpamb

Cu kpZo¿LhnNn¥\Øns‚ A¥yØn¬, \ap°p c≠p

{]m¿∞\Iƒ \SØmw. BZytØXv, F√m‰ns‚bpw {kjvSm

hmb ssZhØn¬ hnizkn°p∂ F√mhcpsamØp ]¶phbv°m

hp∂XmWv. c≠matØXv, CutimbpsS kphntijØm¬

\ΩpsS apºn¬ hbv°s∏´ncn°p∂ krjvSntbmSp≈ {]Xn

_≤X Gs‰Sp°p∂Xn\p {]tNmZ\w e`n°m≥ ss{IkvXhcmb

\Ωƒ \SØp∂ bmN\bmWv.

\ΩpsS ̀ qan°p th≠n-bp≈ {]m¿∞\

k¿Δ-i-‡-\mb ssZh-ta, Aßp {]]©w apgp-h-\nepw,

AhnSpsØ G‰hpw sNdnb krjvSn-I-fnepw k∂n-ln-X-\m-W-

t√m. \ne-\nev°p∂ kI-e-Xn-s\bpw Aen-hp≈ lrZ-b-Øm¬

Aßp ]pW-c-p∂p. AhnSpsØ kvt\l-Øns‚ i‡n Rß-

fn¬ h¿jn-°-W-ta. Aßs\ Rßƒ Po-hs\bpw kuμ-cy-

sØbpw kwc-£n-°s´. Bscbpw D]-{Z-hn-°msX ktlm-Zco

ktlm-Z-c-∑m-sc-t∏mse Pohn-°p-hm≥ kam-[m-\-Øm¬ Rßsf

\nd-bv°-W-ta. ]mhs∏´hcpsS ssZhta, Aß-bpsS apºn¬

Aaq-ey-cm-b-hcpw F∂m¬, `qan-bn¬ hnkva-cn-°-s∏-´-hcpw

Dt]£n°s∏´hcpambhsc c£n°m≥ Aßp Rßsf klm-

bn-°-Wta. Rß-fpsS Pohn-X-ßsf kuJys∏SpØWta. AXp-

hgn Rßƒ temIsØ Im¿∂p-Xn-∂p-∂-h-cm-ImsX kwc-£n-

°p-∂-hcpw, amen\yhpw \mihpw hnXbv°p∂hcmImsX

kuμcyw hnXbv°p∂hcmIs´. Xß-fpsS kzm¿∞ em`Øn\p-

th≠n Cu `qan-sbbpw ]mh-s∏-´-h-scbpw Cc-bm-°p-∂-h-cpsS

179


lrZ-b-ßsf kv]¿in-°-W-ta.

Atß \nXy-{]-Im-i-Øn-te-°p≈ Rß-fpsS {]bm-W-

Øn¬, hnkvabØmepw [ym\m-fl-I-X-bmepw Rßƒ \nd-b-

s∏-Sm\pw, Htcm krjvSn-bp-ambn Bg-ambn sFIy-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p

F∂p Xncn-®-dn-bm-\pw-th≠n Hmtcm hkvXp-hn-s‚bpw aqeyw

Is≠-Øp-hm≥ Rßsf ]Tn-∏n-°-W-ta. Hmtcm Znh-khpw Rß-

tfm-sSm-Øm-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-tbm¿Øp Rßƒ Atß°p \μn

]d-bp-∂p. \oXn°pw kvt\l-Øn\pw kam-[m-\Øn\pwth≠n-

bp≈ t]mcm-´-Øn¬ Rßsf ss[cy-s∏-Sp-Ø-Wta F∂v

Rßƒ {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

krjvSntbmsSmØp≈ {InkvXob {]m¿∞\

]nXmth, k¿hkrjvSnItfmSpsamØp Rßƒ Aßsb

kvXpXn°p∂p. AßbpsS k¿hi‡nbp≈ Icßfn¬\n∂v

Ah cq]wsIm≠p. Ah AßbptSXmWv; AßbpsS

km∂n≤yØmepw IcpWm¿{Z kvt\lØmepw Ah

\nd™ncn°p∂p. Atß°p kvXpXn!

Cutimtb, ssZh]p{Xm, Aßbm¬ k¿hw krjvSn

°s∏´p. RßfpsS AΩbmb adnbØns‚ DZcØn¬ Aßv

Dcphmbn. Aßv Cu `qanbpsS `mKamhpIbpw Cu temIsØ

a\pjys‚ IÆpIƒsIm≠p ImWpIbpw sNbvXp. C∂v

AßbpsS D∞m\alXzØn¬ Aßv F√m krjvSnIfnepw

Pohn°p∂p. Atß°p kvXpXn!

]cniq≤dqlmtb, AßbpsS {]ImiØm¬ Aßv Cu

temIsØ ]nXmhns‚ kvt\lØnte°p \bn°p∂p.

Cu‰pt\mthmsS s\Spho¿∏nSp∂ krjvSntbmsSmØp

Ncn°pIbpw sNøp∂p. Aßv RßfpsS lrZbØn¬

hkn°pIbpw \√Xp sNøm≥ Rßsf t{]tNmZn∏n°pIbpw

sNøp∂p. Atß°p kvXpXn!

{XnssXzI ssZhta, A\¥kvt\lØns‚ hnkvabIc

amb Iq´mbvatb, {]]©Øns‚ kuμcyØn¬ AhnSpsØ

[ym\n°m≥ Rßsf ]Tn∏n®mepw. Fs¥∂m¬, F√mw

Aßsb°pdn®p `mjn°p∂p. Aßp krjvSn® F√m‰n\pw

th≠n Io¿Ø\hpw IrX⁄Xbpw Rßfn¬ DW¿ØWta.

D◊bmb F√m‰nt\mSpap≈ Bgtadnb sFIyw A\p`hn

180

°m\p≈ Ir] \evIWta.

kvt\lØns‚ ssZhta, Cu `qanbnep≈ F√m

krjvSn Iƒ°pw AßbpsS kvt\lØns‚ NmepIƒ F∂

\nebn¬, Cu temIØn¬ Rßƒ°p≈ ÿm\w ImWn®p

XcWta. Fs¥∂m¬, AßbpsS ZrjvSnbn¬ Ahbn¬

H∂pt]mepw hnkvacn°s∏Sp∂n√. A[nImchpw kºØpw

Iømfp∂hsc {]Imin∏n°Wta. AXphgn \nkwKXbpsS

]m]w Ah¿ Hgnhm°s´; s]mXp\∑sb Ah¿ kvt\ln°s´.

Zp¿_esc Ah¿ t]mjn∏n°s´. Rßƒ Pohn°p∂ Cu

temIsØ Ah¿ IcpXtemsS Im°s´. Zcn{Zcpw `qanbpw

\nehnfn°p∂p. I¿Ømth, AßbpsS IcpØmepw

{]ImiØmepw Aßp Rßsf {Kkn°Wta. F√m

Pohs\bpw kwc£n°m≥ Rßsf klmbn°Wta. sa®s∏´

`mhn°mbn, AßbpsS \oXnbpsSbpw kam[m\Øns‚bpw

kvt\lØns‚bpw kuμcyØns‚bpw cmPyØns‚

BKa\Øn\mbn Rßƒ Hcpßs´. Atß°p kvXpXn!

BtΩ≥.

tdmanse hnip≤ ]t{Xmkns‚ _knen°mbn¬ h®v

2015 sabv 24 \v ]¥°pkvXmØncp\mƒZn\Øn¬ Fs‚ ]m∏m

ÿm\mtcmlWØns‚ aq∂mw h¿jw \evIs∏´Xv.

{^m≥knkv ]m∏m

181

Ipdn∏pIƒ

1. Canticle of the Creatures, in Francis of Assisi: Early Documents,vol. 1, New York-London-Manila, 1999, 113-114.

2. Apostolic Letter Octogesima Adveniens (14 May 1971), 21: AAS63 (1971), 416-417.

3. Address to FAO on the 25th Anniversary of its Institution (16November 1970), 4: AAS 62 (1970), 833.

4. Encyclical Letter Redemptor Hominis (4 March 1979), 15: AAS71 (1979), 287.

5. Cf. Catechesis (17 January 2001), 4: Insegnamenti 41/1 (2001),179.

6. Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus (1 May 1991), 38: AAS 83(1991), 841.

7. Ibid., 58: AAS 83 (1991), p. 863.

8. JOHN PAUL II, Encyclical Letter Sollicitudo Rei Socialis (30December 1987), 34: AAS 80 (1988), 559.

9. Cf. ID., Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus (1 May 1991), 37:AAS 83 (1991), 840.

10. Address to the Diplomatic Corps Accredited to the Holy See (8January 2007): AAS 99 (2007), 73.

11. Encyclical Letter Caritas in Veritate (29 June 2009), 51: AAS101 (2009), 687.

12. Address to the Bundestag, Berlin (22 September 2011): AAS103 (2011), 664.

13. Address to the Clergy of the Diocese of Bolzano-Bressanone (6August 2008): AAS 100 (2008), 634.

14. Message for the Day of Prayer for the Protection of Creation (1September 2012).

182

15. Address in Santa Barbara, California (8 November 1997); cf.JOHN CHRYSSAVGIS, On Earth as in Heaven: Ecological Visionand Initiatives of Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew, Bronx, NewYork, 2012.

16. Ibid.

17. Lecture at the Monastery of Utstein, Norway (23 June 2003).

18. ”Global Responsibility and Ecological Sustainability”, ClosingRemarks, Halki Summit I, Istanbul (20 June 2012).

19. THOMAS OF CELANO, The Life of Saint Francis, I, 29, 81:in Francis of Assisi: Early Documents, vol. 1, New York-London-Manila, 1999, 251.

20. The Major Legend of Saint Francis, VIII, 6, in Francis of Assisi:Early Documents, vol. 2, New York-London-Manila, 2000, 590.

21. Cf. THOMAS OF CELANO, The Remembrance of the Desire of aSoul, II, 124, 165, in Francis of Assisi: Early Documents, vol. 2,New York-London-Manila, 2000, 354.

22. SOUTHERN AFRICAN CATHOLIC BISHOPS’CONFERENCE, Pastoral Statement on the EnvironmentalCrisis (5 September 1999).

23. Cf. Greeting to the Staff of FAO (20 November 2014): AAS 106(2014), 985.

24. FIFTH GENERAL CONFERENCE OF THE LATIN AMERICAN ANDCARIBBEAN BISHOPS, Aparecida Document (29 June 2007),86.

25. CATHOLIC BISHOPS’ CONFERENCE OF THE PHILIPPINES,Pastoral Letter What is Happening to our Beautiful Land? (29January 1988).

26. BOLIVIAN BISHOPS’ CONFERENCE, Pastoral Letter on theEnvironment and Human Development in Bolivia El universo, donde Dios para la vida (23 March 2012), 17.

27. Cf. GERMAN BISHOPS’ CONFERENCE, Commission for SocialIssues, Der Klimawandel: Brennpunktglobaler, intergenerationellerund ökologischerGerechtigkeit (September 2006), 28-30.

183

28. PONTIFICAL COUNCIL FOR JUSTICE ANDPEACE, Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church, 483.

29. Catechesis (5 June 2013): Insegnamenti 1/1 (2013), 280.

30. BISHOPS OF THE PATAGONIA-COMAHUE REGION(ARGENTINA), Christmas Message (December 2009), 2.

31. UNITED STATES CONFERENCE OF CATHOLICBISHOPS, Global Climate Change: A Plea for Dialogue, Prudenceand the Common Good (15 June 2001).

32. FIFTH GENERAL CONFERENCE OF THE LATIN AMERICANAND CARIBBEAN BISHOPS, Aparecida Document (29 June2007), 471.

33. Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii Gaudium (24 November 2013),56: AAS 105 (2013), 1043.

34. JOHN PAUL II, Message for the 1990 World Day of Peace, 12:AAS 82 (1990), 154.

35. ID., Catechesis (17 January 2001), 3: Insegnamenti 24/1 (2001),178.


37. Catechism of the Catholic Church, 357.

38. Angelus in Osnabrück (Germany) with the disabled, 16 November1980: Insegnamenti 3/2 (1980), 1232.

39. BENEDICT XVI, Homily for the Solemn Inauguration of the PetrineMinistry (24 April 2005): AAS 97 (2005), 711.

40. Cf. BONAVENTURE, The Major Legend of Saint Francis, VIII, 1,in Francis of Assisi: Early Documents, vol. 2, New York-London-Manila, 2000, 586.


42. GERMAN BISHOPS’ CONFERENCE, Zukunft der Schöpfung –Zukunft der Menschheit. Einklärung derDeutschenBischofskonferenzzuFragen der Umwelt und derEnergieversorgung, (1980), II, 2.

184


44. Hom. inHexaemeron, I, 2, 10: PG 29, 9.

45. The Divine Comedy, Paradiso, Canto XXXIII, 145.

46. BENEDICT XVI, Catechesis (9 November 2005),3: Insegnamenti 1 (2005), 768.

47. ID., Encyclical Letter Caritas in Veritate (29 June 2009), 51: AAS101 (2009), 687.

48. JOHN PAUL II, Catechesis (24 April 1991), 6: Insegnamenti 14(1991), 856.

49. The Catechism explains that God wished to create a world whichis “journeying towards its ultimate perfection”, and that this impliesthe presence of imperfection and physical evil; cf. Catechism ofthe Catholic Church, 310.

50. Cf. SECOND VATICAN ECUMENICAL COUNCIL, PastoralConstitution on the Church in the Modern World Gaudium et Spes,36.

51. THOMAS AQUINAS, Summa Theologiae, I, q. 104, art. 1 ad 4.

52. ID., InoctolibrosPhysicorumAristotelisexpositio, Lib. II, lectio 14.

53. Against this horizon we can set the contribution of FrTeilhard deChardin; cf. PAUL VI, Address in a Chemical and PharmaceuticalPlant (24 February 1966): Insegnamenti 4 (1966), 992-993; JOHNPAUL II, Letter to the Reverend George Coyne (1 June1988): Insegnamenti 11/2 (1988), 1715; BENEDICT XVI, Homilyfor the Celebration of Vespers in Aosta (24 July2009): Insegnamenti 5/2 (2009), 60.

54. JOHN PAUL II, Catechesis (30 January 2002),6: Insegnamenti 25/1 (2002), 140.

55. CANADIAN CONFERENCE OF CATHOLIC BISHOPS, SOCIALAFFAIRS COMMISSION, Pastoral Letter You Love All thatExists… All Things are Yours, God, Lover of Life” (4 October2003),1.

56. CATHOLIC BISHOPS’ CONFERENCE OF JAPAN, Reverencefor Life. A Message for the Twenty-First Century (1 January 2000),89.

185

57. JOHN PAUL II, Catechesis (26 January 2000), 5: Insegnamenti 23/1 (2000), 123.

58. ID., Catechesis (2 August 2000), 3: Insegnamenti 23/2 (2000),112.

59. PAUL RICOEUR, Philosophie de la Volonté, t. II: FinitudeetCulpabilité, Paris, 2009, 216.

60. Summa Theologiae, I, q. 47, art. 1.

61. Ibid.

62. Cf. ibid., art. 2, ad 1; art. 3.


64. Canticle of the Creatures, in Francis of Assisi: Early Documents,New York-London-Manila, 1999, 113-114.

65. Cf. NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE BISHOPS OFBRAZIL, AIgreja e a QuestãoEcológica, 1992, 53-54.

66. Ibid., 61.


68. Cf. BENEDICT XVI, Encyclical Letter Caritas in Veritate (29 June2009), 14: AAS 101 (2009), 650.


70. CONFERENCE OF DOMINICAN BISHOPS, Pastoral Letter Sobrela relacióndel hombre con la naturaleza (21 January 1987).

71. JOHN PAUL II, Encyclical Letter Laborem Exercens (14September 1981), 19: AAS 73 (1981), 626.

72. Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus (1 May 1991), 31: AAS 83(1991), 831.

73. Encyclical Letter Sollicitudo Rei Socialis (30 December 1987), 33:AAS 80 (1988), 557.

74. Address to Indigenous and Rural People, Cuilapán, Mexico (29January 1979), 6: AAS 71 (1979), 209.

186

75. Homily at Mass for Farmers, Recife, Brazil (7 July 1980): AAS 72(1980): AAS 72 (1980), 926.

76. Cf. Message for the 1990 World Day of Peace, 8: AAS 82 (1990),152.

77. PARAGUAYAN BISHOPS’ CONFERENCE, Pastoral Letter Elcampesinoparaguayo y la tierra (12 June 1983), 2, 4, d.

78. NEW ZEALAND CATHOLIC BISHOPS CONFER-ENCE, Statement on Environmental Issues (1 September 2006).

79. Encyclical Letter Laborem Exercens (14 September 1981), 27:AAS 73 (1981), 645.

80. Hence Saint Justin could speak of “seeds of the Word” in theworld; cf. II Apologia 8, 1-2; 13, 3-6: PG 6, 457-458, 467.

81. JOHN PAUL II, Address to Scientists and Representatives of theUnited Nations University, Hiroshima (25 February 1981), 3: AAS73 (1981), 422.

82. BENEDICT XVI, Encyclical Letter Caritas in Veritate (29 June2009), 69: AAS 101 (2009), 702.

83. ROMANO GUARDINI, Das Ende der Neuzeit, 9th ed., Würzburg,1965, 87 (English: The End of the Modern World, Wilmington,1998, 82).

84. Ibid.

85. Ibid., 87-88 (The End of the Modern World, 83).


87. ROMANO GUARDINI, Das Ende der Neuzeit, 63-64 (The End ofthe Modern World, 56).

88. Ibid., 64 (The End of the Modern World, 56).

89. Cf. BENEDICT XVI, Encyclical Letter Caritas in Veritate (29 June2009), 35: AAS 101 (2009), 671.

90. Ibid., 22: p. 657.


187

92. ROMANO GUARDINI, Das Ende der Neuzeit, 63 (The End of theModern World, 55).

93. JOHN PAUL II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus (1 May 1991),38: AAS 83 (1991), 841.

94. Cf. Love for Creation. An Asian Response to the Ecological Crisis,Declaration of the Colloquium sponsored by the Federation ofAsian Bishops’ Conferences (Tagatay, 31 January-5 February1993), 3.3.2.

95. JOHN PAUL II, Encyclical Letter CentesimusAnnus (1 May 1991),37: AAS 83 (1991), 840.

96. BENEDICT XVI, Message for the 2010 World Day of Peace, 2:AAS 102 (2010), 41.

97. ID., Encyclical Letter Caritas in Veritate (29 June 2009), 28: AAS101 (2009), 663.

98. Cf. VINCENT OF LERINS, CommonitoriumPrimum, ch. 23: PL50, 688: “Utannis scilicet consolidetur, dilatetur tempore,sublimeturaetate”.

99. No. 80: AAS 105 (2013), 1053.

100. SECOND VATICAN ECUMENICAL COUNCIL, PastoralConstitution on the Church in the Modern World Gaudium et Spes,63.

101. Cf. JOHN PAUL II, Encyclical Letter CentesimusAnnus (1 May1991), 37: AAS 83 (1991), 840.

102. PAUL VI, Encyclical Letter PopulorumProgressio (26 March1967), 34: AAS 59 (1967), 274.


104. Ibid.

105. Ibid.


107. Ibid., 2418.

108. Ibid., 2415.

188

109. Message for the 1990 World Day of Peace, 6: AAS 82 (1990),150.

110. Address to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences (3 October 1981),3: Insegnamenti 4/2 (1981), 333.


112. JOHN PAUL II, Address to the 35th General Assembly of the WorldMedical Association (29 October 1983), 6: AAS 76 (1984), 394.

113. EPISCOPAL COMMISSION FOR PASTORAL CONCERNS INARGENTINA, Unatierraparatodos (June 2005), 19.

114. Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (14 June 1992),Principle 4.



117. Some authors have emphasized the values frequently found, forexample, in the villas, chabolas or favelas of Latin America: cf.JUAN CARLOS SCANNONE, S.J., “La irrupción del pobre y lalógica de la gratuidad”, in JUAN CARLOS SCANNONE andMARCELO PERINE (eds.), Irrupción del pobre yquehacerfilosófico. Haciaunanuevaraciona- lidad, Buenos Aires,1993, 225-230.



120. Address to the German Bundestag, Berlin (22 September 2011):AAS 103 (2011), 668.

121. Catechesis (15 April 2015): L’Osservatore Romano, 16 April2015, p. 8.

122. SECOND VATICAN ECUMENICAL COUNCIL, PastoralConstitution on the Church in the Modern World Gaudium etSpes, 26.

189

123. Cf. Nos. 186-201: AAS 105 (2013), 1098-1105.

124 PORTUGUESE BISHOPS’ CONFERENCE, PastoralLetter ResponsabilidadeSolidáriapeloBemComum (15 September2003), 20.

125. BENEDICT XVI, Message for the 2010 World Day of Peace, 8:AAS 102 (2010), 45.

126. Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (14 June 1992),Principle 1.

127. BOLIVIAN BISHOPS’ CONFERENCE, Pastoral Letter on theEnvironment and Human Development in Bolivia El universo, donde Dios para la vida (March 2012), 86.

128. PONTIFICAL COUNCIL FOR JUSTICE AND PEACE, Energy,Justice and Peace, IV, 1, Vatican City (2014), 53.

129. BENEDICT XVI, Encyclical Letter Caritas in Veritate (29 June2009), 67: AAS 101 (2009).



132. Rio Declaration on the Environment and Development (14 June1992), Principle 15.

133. Cf. MEXICAN BISHOPS’ CONFERENCE, EPISCOPALCOMMISSION FOR PASTORAL AND SOCIALCONCERNS, Jesucristo, vida y esperanza de los indígenas ecampesinos (14 January 2008).



136. Ibid.

137. Ibid., 5: p. 43.


190


140. Ibid., 228: AAS 105 (2013), 1113.

141. Cf. Encyclical Letter Lumen Fidei (29 June 2013), 34: AAS 105(2013), 577: “Nor is the light of faith, joined to the truth of love,extraneous to the material world, for love is always lived out inbody and spirit; the light of faith is an incarnate light radiatingfrom the luminous life of Jesus. It also illumines the materialworld, trusts its inherent order, and knows that it calls us to anever widening path of harmony and understanding. The gaze ofscience thus benefits from faith: faith encourages the scientist toremain constantly open to reality in all its inexhaustible richness.Faith awakens the critical sense by preventing research frombeing satisfied with its own formulae and helps it to realize thatnature is always greater. By stimulating wonder before the profoundmystery of creation, faith broadens the horizons of reason toshed greater light on the world which discloses itself to scientificinvestigation”.


143. Ibid., 231: p. 1114.

144. ROMANO GUARDINI, Das Ende der Neuzeit, 9th edition,Würzburg, 1965, 66-67 (English: The End of the Modern World,Wilmington, 1998, 60).



147. ID., Message for the 2010 World Day of Peace, 11: AAS 102(2010), 48.

148. Earth Charter, The Hague (29 June 2000).

149. JOHN PAUL II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus (1 May 1991),39: AAS 83 (1991), 842.

150. ID., Message for the 1990 World Day of Peace, 14: AAS 82(1990), 155.

191

151. Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii Gaudium (24 Nov 2013), 261: AAS105 (2013), 1124.

152. BENEDICT XVI, Homily for the Solemn Inauguration of the PetrineMinistry (24 April 2005): AAS 97 (2005), 710.

153. AUSTRALIAN CATHOLIC BISHOPS’ CONFERENCE, A NewEarth – The Environmental Challenge (2002).

154. ROMANO GUARDINI, Das Ende der Neuzeit, 72 (The End ofthe Modern World¸ 65-66).


156. BENEDICT XVI, Encyclical Letter Caritas in Veritate (29 June2009) 2: AAS 101 (2009), 642.

157. PAUL VI, Message for the 1977 World Day of Peace: AAS 68(1976), 709.


159. The spiritual writer Ali al-Khawas stresses from his own experiencethe need not to put too much distance between the creatures ofthe world and the interior experience of God. As he puts it:“Prejudice should not have us criticize those who seek ecstasyin music or poetry. There is a subtle mystery in each of themovements and sounds of this world. The initiate will capturewhat is being said when the wind blows, the trees sway, waterflows, flies buzz, doors creak, birds sing, or in the sound of stringsor flutes, the sighs of the sick, the groans of the afflicted...” (EVADE VITRAY-MEYEROVITCH [ed.], Anthologie du soufisme, Paris1978, 200).

160. In II Sent., 23, 2, 3.

161. CánticoEspiritual, XIV, 5.

162. Ibid.

163. Ibid., XIV, 6-7.

164. JOHN PAUL II, Apostolic Letter Orientale Lumen (2 May 1995),11: AAS 87 (1995), 757.

192

165. Ibid.

166. ID., Encyclical Letter Ecclesia de Eucharistia (17 April 2003), 8:AAS 95 (2003), 438.

167. BENEDICT XVI, Homily for the Mass of Corpus Domini (15 June2006): AAS 98 (2006), 513.


169. JOHN PAUL II, Catechesis (2 August 2000), 4: Insegnamenti 23/2 (2000), 112.

170. Quaest. Disp. de Myst. Trinitatis, 1, 2 concl.

171. Cf. THOMAS AQUINAS, Summa Theologiae, I, q. 11, art. 3; q.21, art.1, ad 3; q. 47, art. 3.

172. BASIL THE GREAT, Hom.in Hexaemeron, I, 2, 6: PG 29, 8.

193

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