( : 08197E) (...: 503022) (...: 503059):

2009

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1: 1-A: . 4

1-: . 5 1-: . 6

2: 2-A: 2-: 2-: 2-: PIC Microchip 2-: O PIC16F628 2-: . 10 . 10 . 14 . 15 . 21 . 23

3: & 3-: 3-: . 25 . 25

4: & 4-: 4-: 4-: . 32 . 33 . 40

5: : . 55 . 57

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, .O 110 db 125 db. odem : .

( , , / ..). , GSM Modems , SMS MMS. : , (), LEDs.

v ( ), ( & ) 24 , .

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2-A: '70. (). , .

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8bit 16bit 32bit. o /.

2-: , , (computer on a chip). VLSI , , Silicon Wafers. .

, . 2-1: 8051 Atmel

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( milliwatt microwatt), , , . , . , , , , . , , , , -, .

, , , , , . (embedded systems).

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12

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(relay), LED, LCD,

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. 8bit , 16-bit, 32-bit. ,

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, . (pins). , ; , , . ' , , .

13

, . : CF (32-bit), ARM, MIPS (32-bit PIC32), S08, AVR, PIC (8-bit PIC16, PIC18, 16-bit dsPIC33 / PIC24), V850, PowerPC ISE, PSoC (Programmable System-on-Chip).

2-: 1 0. , assembly, . , , C. . , BASIC INTEL, BASIC FORTH Zilog Z8.

. Assembly. Assembly .

assemblers. , MOV, ADD, LD, (, , ) assembler 0 1 . , , .

. .

14

, compiler () interpreter (). , .

, (hardware) . ( compiler) . , .

2-: PIC Microchip PIC Microchip Technology Inc., . . , . PIC . ( ) . 20MHz 1 4 (Kb). . Harvard Risk controller, (Redused instraction set controller) ( ) .

35 . 2-3: PIC

15

PIC General Instruments. , PIC (Peripheral Interface Controller). '70 General Instruments PIC 1650 1655. ' , , . RISC, (Working) 30 . PIC - , , .

' '90 PIC , PIC . , Microchip , . , 8-bit. , General Instruments, .

PIC , . , , . . , PIC , , 8-bit, Harvard, RISC, (Working W), reset interrupt vectors.

, Microchip . . . `C` CMOS, . `F` flash ( CMOS ). `A` .

16

, 16C84 . 16F84, flash. , 16F84, .

Microchip . , , 16C5XX, "baseline". , `16C' `16F' "mid-range". , `17C', "high-end". 2-4: 16C84

, , , .

PIC

PIC . : Harvard ( ) , (accumulator) W, RAM (hardware stack) ( 256 byte),

Data Space (RAM) PICs RAM . data space.

17

, PIC . (move instructions) . PIC (. Baseline MidRange), accumulator W.

Code Space PICs Harvard, . PIC EPROM, ROM, or flash.

Word Size PIC . PIC 8-bit , 8- . Baseline Mid-Range , ( 12 14 bit ). PIC18 8bit (byte), , 16-bit.

Stacks PICs (call stack) . , PIC18, .

PIC , 35 ( Baseline Mid-Range PIC), 80 high-end PICs. .

18

, PIC 5 :

-

accumulator W, ("literal"), 8-bit . movlw (move literal to W) andlw (AND literal with W).

-

accumulator W . W (. addwf reg,w).

-

X bit. , bit , 4 . "0" "1" bit, bit "0" "1".

-

: 2, goto call - (zero operand instructions), sleep .

O PIC : * Sleep mode ( ). * Watchdog timer. * .

, .

/ 8/16 Bit EEPROM Memory / USART MSSP Peripheral IC SPI Capture/Compare PWM modules (~1.0 MHz)

19

USB, Ethernet, CA .

PIC

Baseline PIC (code memory) 12-bit, (register file) 32-byte, call stack . PIC10, PIC12 PIC16. Baseline 6 40 . , 7-9 byte , byte RAM . ROM 512 words (12 bit ), 2048 words. O CALL GOTO 2-4: Baseline

9-bit . . "f", "k". bit (0-7) "b". bit "d" : 0 W, 1 .

Mid-Range PIC code memory 14-bit, cal stack 8 . Baseline, 128 2048 words . mid-range PIC12 and PIC16. 32 bytes , 96 bytes RAM .

20

PIC17 High End PIC18. , . 16-bit ( ), call stack 16 . 40 68

PIC18 High End H Microchip PIC18 High End 2002. PIC18 , . , C.

PIC24 dsPIC 16-bit H Microchip dsPIC 2001, 2004. 16-bit. .

PIC32MX 32-bit H Microchip PIC32MX, 32-bit 2007. MIPS32 M4K Core. PIC24.

2-: O PIC16F628 PIC16F628, , , in-circuit programming, . , programmer Microchip PICKIT 2.

21

PIC16F628 ( 2-5) 18 , , , CMOS, 8-bit. flash memory

RISC.

, stack 8 , (interruptions). ,

.

, 2-5: PIC16F628A

(branches) .

, 35 . PIC16F628 2:1 4:1 8-bit . , , .

PIC16F628 8 . RC . LP , XT , INTOSC , , . HS (High-Speed crystals). EC . Sleep (power-down) . "" sleep interrupts, interrupts resets. Watchdog (Watchdog Timer), RC, . , , .

22

flash, . .

2-: ""

(programmers) . PIC Microchip , ICSP (In Circuit Serial Programming) LVP (Low Voltage

Programming), . 2-6: PIC16F628

ICSP , clock data, 12V ., v Vpp/MCLR. (LVP), ' /, LVP.

PICkit

2

PIC. PIC. PICkit 2 ICSP, PIC , , , .