Job No. Sheet No. Rev. CONSULTING Engineering … · Job No. Sheet No. Rev. Job Title XX EC5 Ref...

Job No. Sheet No. Rev.

Job Title

XX

EC5 Ref

Timber Material Properties

Timber Name or Strength Class

Mean Density, ρmean 600 kg/m3

Material Safety Factor, γm (1.30Solid; 1.25Glulam; 1.20LVL) 1.30

Service Class

kmod kdef kmod kdef

Class 1 0.60 0.60 0.80 0.25

Class 2 0.60 0.80 0.80 0.25

Class 3 0.50 2.00 0.65 0.75

Permanent Action - ULS Factored (DL+SDL) and SLS Unfactored (DL+SDL)

Modification Factor for Temp, Moisture, Load Duration, kmod,pt 0.50

Modification Factor for Creep and Moisture, kdef,pt 2.00

Medium Term Action - ULS Factored (DL+SDL+LL)

Modification Factor for Temp, Moisture, Load Duration, kmod,mt 0.65

Modification Factor for Creep and Moisture, kdef,mt 0.75

Factor for the Quasi-Permanent Value, ψ2,mt 0.30

Medium Term Action - SLS Unfactored (DL+SDL+LL)

For the (DL+SDL) component, the above permanent action values,

whilst for the LL component, the above ULS medium term values.

Geometry of Floor

Joist Span, L (Usually 3.6 − 4.0m) 4.150 m

Joist LTB Length, LLTB = L / (1+Struttings) 2.075 m

Joist Buckling Length (h-Plane), Leuler,h = %.L 4.150 m

Joist Buckling Length (b-Plane), Leuler,b = %.L 0.830 m

Joist Spacing, s (Usually 400mm, 450mm or 600mm) 400 mm

Bearing Length for Shear Force, lbearing (>=40mm) 50 mm OK

Precamber, u0 0.0 mm

Section Properties

Section Scheme and Number of Joist(s), NJ 1

Note NJ multiplies the dead load and divides the loading, ω ;

Joist Width, b 47 mm

Joist Depth, h 200 mm

Recommended depth based on span / depth = 20 208 mm

Recommended depth based on span in mm / 24 + 50 223 mm

Elastic Section Modulus, W (h-Plane) = [1/12 b.h3]/(h/2) 313 cm

3

Depth h Modifier For Notched Sections, hmod% 80.0%

Depth b Modifier For Notched Sections, bmod% (Usually 100.0%) 100.0%

Note that all effects are for single joists. Double and triple joists are considered by NJ. Nothing else.

Thus the multiple joists need not be fastenned together as their responses are considered to be

independent. In reality, joists which are fastenned together at regular intervals would respond

in between independent joists and a single joist of thickness the sum of the joists thicknesses;

Engineering Calculation Sheet

Consulting Engineers jXXX 1

CONSULTING

E N G I N E E R S

Member Design - Timber Floor EC5 v2015.01.xlsm

Member Design - Timber Floor 20/08/2015

Permanent Medium Term

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Modification Factors

Modification Factor for Bending Stress Redistribution, km 0.7

Modification Factor for Bending Depth, kh 1.0

Solid Timber Glulam LVL

where s 0.2

Modification Factor for System Strength (Load Sharing System), ksys 1.1

Modification Factor for Notched End Beams, kv 0.6

Distance, x 100 mm Depth, hef = hmod%.h 160 mm

Angle, α 0.80 radians Distance, i.(h-hef) 50 mm

Angle, i 1.25 radians

Modification Factor for Bearing, kc,90 (=1.0 Conservatively) 1.0





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Loading on Joist

Live Load, LL (Including Partitions) (Usually 1.50kPa Domestic) 1.50 kPa

Note dedicated beams supporting partitions should be specifically designed;

Dead Load of Joist(s), NJ . ρmean . g . b . h / s 0.14 kPa

Super Dead Load of Carpet Finish 0.03 kPa

Super Dead Load of Floor Finish 0.03 kPa

Super Dead Load of Floorboards 0.11 kPa

Thermal Insulation 0.03 kPa

Super Dead Load of Services 0.00 kPa

Super Dead Load of Ceiling 0.11 kPa

DL + SDL 0.45 kPa

SLS = DL + SDL + LL 1.95 kPa

ULS = 1.4DL + 1.4SDL + 1.6LL 3.03 kPa

ULS Permanent Loads (DL+SDL) udl, ω1,ULS = (1.4DL+1.4SDL) . S / NJ 0.25 kN/m

ULS Medium Term Loads (DL+SDL+LL) udl, ω2,ULS = (1.4DL+1.4SDL+1.6LL) . S / NJ1.21 kN/m

SLS Permanent Loads (DL+SDL) udl, ω1 = (DL+SDL) . S / NJ 0.18 kN/m

SLS Medium Term Loads (LL) udl, ω2 = (LL) . S / NJ 0.60 kN/m

Loading on Line Support

Floor on One Side (F=1) or Both Sides (F=2) of Line Support, F

Line LL UDL on Support = F . (LL in kPa) . L/2 3.11 kN/m

Line DL+SDL UDL on Support = F . (DL+SDL in kPa) . L/2 0.93 kN/m

Utilisation Summary

Perform Design

Perm Medium

ULS Bending (−LTB) 19% 75%

ULS Bending (+LTB) 21% 83%

ULS Shear 15% 58%

ULS Bearing 18% 70%

Deflection

Vibration

Overall Utilisation

ULS Bending Stress 11% 40%

(Note For Comparison Purposes Only)


Consulting Engineers


Member Design - Timber Floor

97%

87%

97%

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ULS EC5 Design

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ULS EC5 Capacity Approach and SLS Deflections and Vibrations

Perform Design

Perm Medium

Shear Force, Vd 0.5 2.5 kN

Shear Utilisation 15% 58%

Bearing Utilisation 18% 70%

Bending Moment, Md 0.5 2.6 kNm

Bending (−LTB) Utilisation 19% 75%

Bending (+LTB) Utilisation 21% 83%

Note shear force, V d = ω L/2; bending moment, M d = ω L2/8;

SLS Permanent Loads (DL+SDL) udl, ω1 0.18 kN/m

SLS Medium Term Loads (LL) udl, ω2 0.60 kN/m

Precamber, u0 0.0 mm

Deflection Utilisation

Vibration Utilisation

ULS Stress Approach

Note conservatively same strength criteria for axial and bending; However, since there is only bending

action here, the bending design strength employed instead, hence equivalent to EC5 capacity approach;

Note unconservatively no LTB; no Euler; no battened strut buckling; straight members; no Vierendeel;

Note conservatively no k h , k sys and k c,90 ; Note unconservatively no k v ;

Characteristic Strength in Bending, fm,k 42.04 N/mm2

Material Partial Safety Factor, γm 1.30

Perm Medium

Bending Stress, σm,d = Md/W 1.72 8.32 N/mm2

Design Strength in Bending, fm,d = kmod.fm,k/γm 16.17 21.02 N/mm2

Bending Stress Utilisation = σm,d/fm,d 11% 40%

ULS Connection Force

Shear Force at Either End of Joist = MAX (Vd,perm, Vd,medium) 2.5 kN

Notches and Openings in Joist Members

87%

97%





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ULS EC5 Design

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Scheme Design





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A typical domestic timber floor would consist bottom up of 12.5mm plasterboard, timber joists

at 400mm centres (with restraint type joist hangers or 30x5mm galvanised mild steel straps at2.0m max intervals for joists perpendicular to wall; with 30x5mm galvanised mild steel straps

at 2.0m max intervals for joists parallel to wall), 21mm floor boards, 25mm thick resilientlayer and timber flooring.

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20/08/2015





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Wall Lateral Restraint by Joist

20/08/2015





CONSULTING

E N G I N E E R S

Lateral support is required to any external, compartment or separating wall longer than

3m at every floor, roof and wall junction. Lateral support is required to any internal loadbearing wall of any length at every floor and roof.

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10

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Wall Lateral Restraint by Perpendicular Joist (Bearing Connection)





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Joists that bear directly on the walls must not project into the cavity since this encourages fire

spread and also subjects joists to moisture. Ends of joists should be treated with preservativeagainst possible decay due to moisture penetration. There may be a steel wall plate 75 x 6mm

to spread load of joists. The bricks are built around the joists and since the joists depth(notched or otherwise) is to be smaller than brick depth, the brick does not bear onto the joists.

Max joist spacing 1.2m.

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Wall Lateral Restraint by Perpendicular Joist (Joist Hanger)





CONSULTING

E N G I N E E R S

Galvanised pressed steel joist hangers can be employed as the wall is raised. This method does

not expose end of joists to possible dampness and there is no need for cutting brick or block tofit around the joists.

Walls to be strapped at intervals of not more than 2.0m with 30 x 5mm straps.

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Wall Lateral Restraint by Perpendicular Joist (Restraint Type Joist Hanger)

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CONSULTING

E N G I N E E R S

Joists to be at not more than 1.2m centres and restraint type joists hangers employed at not

more than 2.0m centres. Intermediate joist hangers need not be restraint type.

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Wall Lateral Restraint by Parallel Joist





CONSULTING

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Lateral Torsional Buckling Restraint





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CONSULTING

E N G I N E E R S

Strutting is used to provide lateral torsional buckling restraint. Strutting is also used to

maintain the timber joists in the vertical position. Also, new timber is often not as wellseasoned as it should be and as the timbers dry out they tend to shrink and lose shape (joists

may twist) unless restrained with strutting.

Strutting should be employed at supports and at certain intermediate span locationsdepending on the span.

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Trimming Members





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Floor Boards



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CONSULTING

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Floor boards are laid across the floor joists and cramped together (along edges parallel to the

span of the boards, i.e. perpendicular to span of joists) with the tongued and grooved (T&G)joints. The boards, as they are cramped up, are nailed to the joists with two nails to each board

bearing on each joists.

The joint at the end of each board in its length is called the heading joint. The heading joints infloor boards should always be staggered in some regular manner. Obviously, the heading joint

ends of boards must be cut so that the ends of both boards meet and rest on a joist (since theboards span between joists) to which the ends are nailed.

Floor boards width: 65, 90, 113 or 137mm;

Floor boards thickness (and max spans): 16 (505mm), 19(600mm), 21(635mm) or 28mm(790mm);

Floor boards length: Up to 5m;

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CONSULTING

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Member Design - Timber Floor EC5 v2015.01.xlsmMade by Date Chd.

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CONSULTING

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Cell References

timber name/strength class 32

partial safety factor 1

Solid Timber

Glulam

LVL

service class 3

Class 1

Class 2

Class 3

factor ψψψψ 1

Domestic 0.3

Office 0.3

Congregation 0.6

Shopping 0.6

Storage 0.8

floorboards 7

None 0.00

Softwood Boarding 16mm 0.07



Plywood Boarding 9.5mm 0.06



Chipboard Boarding 19mm 0.15

Chipboard Boarding 22mm 0.17

Hardwood Boarding 25mm 0.16

Orientated Strand Boarding (OSB) YET

Medium Density Fibre Boarding (MDF) YET

carpet 1

Include 0.03

Exclude 0.00

one side or both sides 1

One Side 1

Both Sides 2

timber section 36

section scheme 1

Single Joist

Double Joist

Triple Joist

strutting 2

Zero Strutting

Single Strutting

Double Strutting

Triple Strutting

ltb consideration 2

LTB Not Considered

LTB Considered

euler buckling length


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Fire Resistance





CONSULTING

E N G I N E E R S

Plastered ceilings generally meet the requirement of

controlling surface spread of fire. Any timber finish to theceiling will need to be treated with a fire-retardant paint

or varnish.

Timber floors and supporting structure in dwelling housesof 2 or 3 storeys are to have a fire resistance period of 30

minutes. This is met by, either(a) Floors of T&G, plywood, chipboard of 15mm thick,

joists at least 37mm wide and a ceiling plasterboards of12.5mm with 5mm neat gypsum plaster finish, or

(b) Floors of T&G, plywood, chipboard of 21mm thick,joists at least 37mm wide and a ceiling plasterboards of12.5mm with joints taped and filled.


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Shrinkage





CONSULTING

E N G I N E E R S

Keep flooring materials dry during construction and do not fix flooring if moisture content of

boarding or floor joists greater than 19%.

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Double Floor





CONSULTING

E N G I N E E R S

Double floors are used when timber floor joists span extend beyond the economical spans. Steel

normally used to break the span of the timber joists. To provide fixing for the timber joists,timber plates are bolted to the bottom flange of the beam and the ends of the joists notched to

fit and nailed. To provide a fixing for floorboards timber bearers are nailed to the sides of joistsacross the supporting steel beam. When the steel beam projects below the ceiling, it is cased in

plasterboard, which also acts as a fire protection.

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Thermal Insulation





CONSULTING

E N G I N E E R S

Maximum U−value for floors over unheated spaces such as a garage or the external

environment (for cantilever floors) is 0.25W/m2K.

L1:1995 Requirements

L1:2002 Requirements

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Sound Insulation

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CONSULTING

E N G I N E E R S

Pugging can be used to increase mass and hence reduce airborne sound. This involves

spreading a layer of plaster or sand on rough boarding fixed between joists on battens or onexpanded metal lath and plaster. Pugging does not decrease impact sound.

Impact sound can be reduced by laying carpet or some resilient material between the

floorboards and joists, draped over the joists. Alternatively a floating floor, known as aplatform floor can be employed. This is a 18mm thick T&G board or chipboard (with all joints

glued) spot bonded to a base of 19mm thick plasterboard, then laid on a 25mm thick resilientmineral fibre on a floor base of 12mm thick boarding or chipboard nailed to the joists. The

ceiling comprises two layers of plasterboard, with joints staggered, to a finished thickness of30mm on which 100mm of absorbent mineral fibre is laid.

To limit flanking transmission of sound from the floor surface to the surrounding walls, a stripof resilient fibre material is fixed between the edges of platform, floors and surrounding solid

walls and a gap of 3mm is left between the skirting and floating floors.

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Party Floor

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Suspended Timber Ground Floor


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CONSULTING

E N G I N E E R S

A typical domestic suspended timber ground floor would consist bottom up of 150mm

hardcore, 50mm blinding, 100mm concrete slab, honeycomb brick sleeper walls (suchthat minimum 150mm air space under joists) at 1m centres, BS743 DPC, 100 x 75 timber

wall plate, 100 x 50mm timber joists at 400 centres, 150mm mineral wool insulationwith λλλλ = 0.040 W/mK between joists on plastic netting stapled to joists or 90mm rigid

polyisocyanurate foam insulation with λλλλ = 0.019 W/mK between joists on chicken wire

fixed to joists and 21mm timber floor boards. Ends of timber floor joists treated with

preservative. Air bricks of 75x225mm in outer wall at 1m centres.

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CONSULTING

E N G I N E E R S

Air bricks of dimensions 215 x

65mm, 215 x 140mm, or 215 x215mm.

Sleeper walls are built 1.2 − 1.8m apart. Sleeper walls built 3 courses of brick high, up to

sometimes 600mm high. Sleeper walls are built honeycombed to allow free circulation of air

below the floor. The end sleeper wall is built 50mm from the internal or external load bearingwalls and carries the end of the joists. This gap allows air to circulate. Under floor ventilation

should have a free path between opposite sides, with openings equivalent to 1500mm2 for eachmetre run of wall.

Concrete floor slab thickness for suspended timber ground floors for domestic purposes

commonly 100mm. Alternatively, concrete floor slab thickness of 50mm on a DPM of 1200gauge polythene on a bed that will not damage it.

Suspended timber floors require thermal insulation. Rolls or quilt of loosely felted glass fibre or

mineral wool can be supported by a mesh of plastic that is draped over the joists and stapled inposition. Alternatively, semi-rigid slabs or batts of fibreglass or meneral wool can be supported

between joists by nails or battens of wood nailed to the sides of the joists.

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Job No. Sheet No. Rev. CONSULTING Engineering … · Job No. Sheet No. Rev. Job Title XX EC5 Ref...

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Transcript of Job No. Sheet No. Rev. CONSULTING Engineering … · Job No. Sheet No. Rev. Job Title XX EC5 Ref...