Jetevolu)onandenergydissipa)oninbinaries

ManelPeruchoDAA/OAUV

UniversitatdeValència

VGGRSV,Barcelona,September2019

Jets

M87credit:CiriacoGoddi

Jets

Bosch-Ramon,Perucho&Bordas,2011Bosch-Ramon&Barkov2016Molina&Bosch-Ramon2018

Gamma-raysfromjets:AGNversusμ-quasarsAGN

•  Atthejetbase/forma)onregion:–  SSC–EC(Poutanen,Ghisellini…)

•  Accre)ondisc+BLR•  Synchrotronphotons

–  magne)cfieldreconnec)on(Giannios,Nalewajko,…)

•  Atpc-scales–  jet-starinterac)on(Barkov,

Khangulyan,Bosch-Ramon,…)–  recollima)onshocks(shock-shock

interac)on,Marscher,Gómez,Agudo…)

•  Hintsofshocksclosetotheradiocores.

•  Diffuseemission–  turbulent/shearpar)cleaccelera)on

(Rieger,Stawarz,…)•  growinginstabili)es,entrainment.

μ-quasars•  Atthejetbase/forma)onregion:

–  SSC–EC•  Disc+Star(e.g.,Malyshevetal.‘13,

Zaninetal.‘16,CygnusX-1;Zdziarskietal.’18,CygnusX-3,Khangulyanetal.‘18)

•  Synchrotronphotons(e.g.,Zdziarskietal.‘17,CygnusX-1)

–  magne)cfieldreconnec)on(?)•  Atcompact-scales

–  jet-clumpinterac)on•  Inhomogeneouswindsinmassive

stars.(e.g.,Perucho&Bosch-Ramon‘12,delaCitaetal.’17).

–  recollima)onshocks(shock-shockinterac)on)

•  Numericalsimula)ons(Peruchoetal.‘10,Yoonetal.‘16).

•  Diffuseemission–  turbulent/shearpar)cleaccelera)on

•  growinginstabili)es,entrainment.

Wind-jetinterac)oninmassiveX-raybinaries

Rorb~21012cm

61010cm~0.004AU

21012cm~0.13AU

windfromthestar

61011cm~0.04AU

y

xz

Image:NASA/ESA

Simula6onsofjetsinhigh-massmicroquasars

WIND JET 1 JET 2

Power (erg/s) 1035 1037

Velocity (cm/s) 2 108 1.7 1010 1.7 1010

Density (g·cm-3) 2.8 10-15 0.088 ρw 8.8 ρw

Temperature (K) 104 1010 1010

Mach number 220 16.6 16.6

Pressure (dyn·cm-2) 1.5 10-3 7.1 7.1 103

Simula)onsofwind-jetinterac)oninX-raybinaries

Perucho,Bosch-Ramon&Khangulyan(2010)Perucho&Bosch-Ramon(2008)

• Hydrodynamic-coldflow–par)cledominated.

•  reasonableatcertaindistancestothecompactobject(B║αr-2)andtakingdissipa)onintoaccount.Excep)ngatstrongshocks.

•  Tj<<mpc2/kB• StellarwindfromamassiveO-typestar(dM/dt=10-6Msunyr-1).

•  con)nuousinthesimula)on)me-scales(100-1000s).•  compactobjectatthesameorbitalposi)onduringthesimula)on)me-scales

(100-1000svsT>100,000s).•  homogeneous(constantdensityuptoRorb).

Perucho,Bosch-Ramon&Khangulyan2010

Jet1 t=977s

Simula)onsofjetsinhigh-massmicroquasars

Perucho,Bosch-Ramon&Khangulyan2010

Jet2 t=192s

Simula)onsofjetsinhigh-massmicroquasars

Lorentzfactor

cold

cold

hot

Peruchoetal.2005,2010:KHinstability.Thedisrup)onprocesscanbeslowifthegrowingmodeshavesmallwavelengths.

Instabili)es

Matsumoto&Masada2013Matsumoto,Aloy,Perucho2017

1:jet2:ambientmedium

Gourgouliatos&Komissarov2018a,b

Simula)onsofjetsinhigh-massmicroquasarsInhomogeneouswind.Pj=31036erg/s Inhomogeneouswind.Pj=1037erg/s

Perucho,Bosch-Ramon&Barkov(A&A,2017)

Long-termevolu)onBordas,Bosch-Ramon,Paredes,Perucho2009.Bosch-Ramon,Perucho,Bordas2011.

Evolu)on:AGNversusμ-quasarsAGN•  BLR–NLR(sub-pc–1kpc)

•  ISM–IGMpressuregradient(1kpc–100kpc)

•  FairlyhomogeneousIGM(>50-100kpc)

μ-quasars•  (Inhomogeneous?)wind

(1010-1018cm)

•  Shockedwind/Supernovaremnant/ISM(1018-1019cm)

•  ISM(>1019cm)

Evolu)on:AGNversusμ-quasarsAGN•  BLR–NLR(sub-pc–1kpc)

–  Mass-loadanddissipa)on:•  Interac)onswithcloudsandstars.

•  Instabili)es.•  Recollima)onshocks.

–  Fastvariability•  Compactregionsorsmall-scaleinterac)ons.

–  FRI/FRIIdichotomystartsat100pc–1kpc.

μ-quasars•  (Inhomogeneous?)wind

(1010-1018cm)–  Mass-loadanddissipa)on:

•  Interac)onswiththewindandclumps(≤1013cm).

•  Instabili)es.•  Recollima)onshocks.•  Coriolis.•  Expansion(reaccelera)on?)

–  Fastvariability•  Compactregionsorsmall-

scaleinterac)ons.

–  ArethereanyFRIμ-quasars?

•  Therearestronginterac)onsintheevolu)onofjetsinmassivebinaries:–  Recollima)onshockswithinthecocoon,butalsowithinthewindregion.

Theseshocksaregeneratedinthebinaryregionif(seePerucho&Bosch-Ramon2008):

•  Thesestrongshocksarecandidateloca)onsforpar)cleaccelera)onandhigh-energyemission.–  gamma-raysproducedatsuchheightabovetheorbitalplanemaysuffer

lessabsorp)onbyinterac)onwithstellarphotons.

•  Instabili)esdevelopintheouterlayersandpropagatetothewholejet(intheformofsurfaceorfirstbodyhelicalmodes)azerthestrongrecollima)onshock:Thiscandestroythejetandgenerateturbulentregions.

Jet-cocooninterac)on Jet-windinterac)on

Fulfilledforsupersonic,mildlyrela)vis)cjets.

Evolu)on:μ-quasars

Evolu)on:AGNversusμ-quasarsAGN•  ISM–IGMpressuregradient.

–  FRIIs:Recollima)onshocks.–  FRIs:turbulentmixing,strongly

decelerated.

•  FairlyhomogeneousIGM(>50-100kpc).–  Hot-spot+bow-shock.–  Turbulentmixingand

dissipa)on.–  Gamma-raysfromlobes(no

shortvariability)

μ-quasars•  Shockedwind/Supernova

remnant/ISM–  Jetcollima)onby

overpressured,shockedexternalgas.

•  Collima)onshocks.

•  ISM(>1018-1019cm).–  Hot-spot+bow-shock.–  Arethereanylarge-scaleFRI

μ-quasars?

•  Onlypowerfuljets(Pj>1037erg/s)inmassivebinariesmaybeabletopropagatecollimatedoutofthebinaryregion.

•  Bowshocksandreverseshocksatjet/ISMinterac)oncanacceleratepar)clestoVHE(e.g.,Bordasetal.‘09).

•  Frustratedjetsmaynotbeobservedinradioatlargedistances,buts)llbegamma-raybrightduetostrongdissipa)on(FRIμ-quasars?).

•  Theluminosityfunc)onderivedbyGrimmetal(2003)predicts3HMXBswithLX=1035erg/s.–  FollowingFenderetal.(2005),inHMXBwitha10Msunblackhole,thejetcould

haveakine)cpowerbetween1035and1038erg/s.–  Wededucethatthereisroomforafew(~10)FRIμ-quasarsfromHMXBs,with

LX≤1035erg/s,inourGalaxy.

Evolu)on:μ-quasars

Summary•  Gamma-rayscanbeproducedinawiderangeofscalesandscenariosinmicroquasarjets.–  Fastervariability:

•  Jet-windclumpinterac)ons.•  Recollima)onshocks.•  ICofstellarphotonsbyrela)vis)celectrons.•  Instabili)es.

–  Slowervariability:•  turbulentmixingatparsec-scales.

•  Theevolu)onofAGNjetsandmicroquasarjetscanbeverydifferent,asinfluencedbyverydifferentenvironments(bewareofcomparisons).– WherearethemicroquasarFRIs?

3Dsimula)onofastellar-windenteringthejetatz≈100pc.Shockpropaga)ngtowardsthejetaxis.Upstreamwaveintheshearlayer.

AGNjet-cloudinterac)on

Bosch-Ramon,Perucho&Barkov(A&A,2012)Perucho,Bosch-Ramon&Barkov(A&A,2017)

energy