Jared-Diamond - Όπλα μικρόβια και ατσάλι.pdf

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Transcript of Jared-Diamond - Όπλα μικρόβια και ατσάλι.pdf

  • | 'EK6oon ovoeopnFdvn Kqr srrnufnFivn i

  • . (Kovdvog rmorripovog 6ev 6ra0iter tdon epnerpio on6 to epyomripro rotrnv peuvo na6iou, xovdvaq 6av oxdgreror t6oo Bo0rd yto to ov0pr,lrnvoeipoto ri 6ev to er0dter pa r6on oogriverc don o Iared Diamond aro'(hla,prcpdpn rcat arcti)u. Lx toriro to swurrooroKd o{rovdTvooro prplio, o Dia-rnond 6erxver nr,rq n rotopio rcor n pro.Loyio pnopolrv vo apnLowroouv n piornv d.L-tr1, 6me vo o6nyn0oriv oe pro po0wepn xotcv6non tng ov0pr,rnnnqKOTOOTOOnq,)-Edward O. Wilson, llovenrotfipro Harvard

    . nflp6rerror yro pro i{oxo ypopp6vn, nupeto6n xcr figpevn nepro6eio oe13.000 xpdvro roropiog 6i.tov rov nrraipov. Or onopxdq tov cwoxpcroptov,rng Opnoreiog, rng ypogriq, t

  • (H flro 6poporrKri mryFri rou uporqiKof

    arrolKlopof rnq ApsplKris riTov n rporn ouvciwn-

    on ovdFeoo oTov oL[oKpdropq r(')v'lvKoq

    Atahuallpa ror rov roncv6 xqrox'rnrri Francisco

    Pizarro orrq 16 Noepppiou 1532. O Pizarro, eui

    regotrng ev6q oupqetori 168 ronovdrv otpotrorr,rv,

    noto6oe oe cilwrooro e6cign, 6ev lwcopr(e rg

    6uvor

  • - neportipo epyooio rrdvo qro 0ipo ror nopixo-woq rpogi yro oxiyn t6oo oe ruxdv rp .d6ofouqowrxlordq rou ooo Kor orov i6ro rov ovcl.vt-rorn.

    To'OnAa, yrcpd|n Kat atoti)t }rtrrzror, or,o pro0ouxu6i6trq onitrnryn rnq roropioq, enurrpcorrrogvo e6porooer rn FsLarn rnq ovOponrvnq rmopioq

    oe eurotn;rovrrc

  • AAAA EPIA TOY IAIOY

    Collapse How Societies Choose to FaiI or Succeed

    [EMnvrxri ir6oon:- Katdppeuon -Ikig ot xotvanieg em]ttyouvva arorixotv i ta emtixow)

    Wy is Sex Fun? f Ei-Lnvtrui fr6oan: fratl n atq dyat |noKtdao'nKd;f

    The Third Chimpanzee

  • Jared Diamond

    ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    Or ttixeg rov cv0p

  • lq"ypogoq: fared DiarnondTirIog:'Otlra, y*ptifta r.at arcdtrr -Or rireg nn av0ptlnnan rotanrirtTir.Los rrpororflou: Guns, Germs, and Steel -The Fates of Humq SocieiesCopyright O 2006 )ared Diamond

    CopFight @ yro tnv ehlnrrxri yhorooc 2006, EK66org Kdrorrrpo-AJt. Mripdtlg xor Xio O.E.

    H lnt.igpaotr tyt1/E avd rnt apep*auxi ata0eapnyitn xat ermolnyettn iK6oon ro1) 2006Ilpcitn nov66ern 61600rr: OKr6pproq 2006np6Tn )copr66grn 6(6oon: No4rppros 2007ISBN: 978-960-6717-12-3

    Mfldgpoon xor mfinpovlKri eflpd}ero: Korpivo lop6ko, eniroupn

  • f leprex6pevo

    EItAIO|H: hoti n uoyx: To tpdrrnFo rou Yali

    Or finqoparcig ati rcptEipaa &adpoyig mg rnopiaE I 5

    IPOTO MEPOT: Anri tnv E6dp crnv Koxop

  • ONAA, MIKPOEIA KAI ATIAAI

    IGOA-AAIO 9: Zippss, druxor yripor xot n opxirng'AwagKapewvag

    Dai ta neptoo1'repa dypn ei6n yeyd),ay 9n),amtrcriy 6eyt{nyep61nrcav not; 186

    KEOAiAIO 10: Arripowor oupovoi xcr xextrtpdvor

  • XrovEsa, tov Kariniga,

    rov Omwai, tov Param,tov Sauakari, tov Wiwor xor6).ouq touq grLoug pou ono

    tn Nio louwio, nou (ouv rcrrupropxoriv oe 6vo 6foxoLo neprp

  • EI IATOTH

    Frori q noy16oprro roropfopor6(er pe xpepp66r;

    o prB).io owd npoono0ei vo nopouordoer pro o(rwopn rmopio tng ov-0pcon6rnroq xotti ro te.Letrroio 13.000 xp6rro. C)q rivntp6 tou ixer toelriq eprirrnpc: hoti n roropio feru).frrnxe pe 6rogop:nx6 tp6no oe

    8rogopeuxig nneipouq; Xtnv nepirnoon nou n epdrmon cwri ocq rdvet opt-or,lq vo ovotprxr

  • ONM, MIKPOEIA KAI ATIMI

    Agnyrioerq 'rnq noyrdoprog rmopiog pe rdoo msvti efiioon rrdoxow orrotpio peroveruipo'ro. flp

  • peq orrisq. froti 6ev riv0noe o romro-Lrop6q oro Me{rx6 trov rOoyvov, o pp-Kow .1op6g mnv Ynoooxcipto Atpprni, n rnmnpovrKri ipewo ornv Kivo, nnpongrdvn rexvotroyfa mn Bdpsro Apeprxri tov rOoysvov Kor ro olToioro pr-xpdpro mnv Auorpo-trfo rrov ABop(yvov; Av o on
  • n P0A0 t0I

    To epdrtqpo rou Yal i

    Z1F1 tror 1.vc.rpi(oupr orr n roropio dxer arolouOioer 6torpopetrxiq 6rc6po-

    | | ueS yro,\ooug cnci 8roqopmr

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    pou eirr sporriosrq. Aev exe rpr-lryer noti on6 rn N6o lourvio xot n p6pgr'r-ori rou rirov emni6ou 6curepoBd0proq er

  • nP0A0tDr

    Om6oo, to golvoFl'rKd onl6 ep

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    Or rexvo.Lopxig xor no.Lrtlriq exeiveq 6rogopiq mc 1500 p.X. qrote.Lofv

    ootpriq tnv dtrreon ortio tr,lv ovrootfltov rou o(r6xpovou xciopou. Aworpoto-pfeq pe otodrhvo 6u,\o ror6p0tooov vq rotoxtfoouv f vo e(oi.o0peUoowtputr6q pe f,.i0rvo xor {ritrrvo dntro. Il,lq dpog ppi0nxe o xdopog mnv ror

  • nP0l0rur

    rrplLaFpdvow pyrilo trrdpoq mg Kewprrriq Apeprxrig, to Me{x6, to lleporl,rn Nio Ko-ln6ovia, tnv np

  • OIIM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    rofv, Fs rnv Korov6non proq o.Luoi6oq ordov, vo ppow tp6no vo 6rox

  • 'Ioog n rno xorvd elriynon owen
  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    rnro,6rroq 0o afnqrioo oe liyo, oriyxpovor -Looi tng ior,lq eivor xotri pioov

  • wrKd Kov6rspor 0116 rouq Awxoriq. Biporo, or KdrorKor rnq Nioq lourviogouvn0oq umeporiv oe epyoo(eq nou or Awrxoi ixow ooxn0ei vo axte.Louvon6 tnv not6xri touq nLx(o, oe owi0eon pe rouq rotoixouq rnq Nioq lour-viog. Kot
  • 24 ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIA^I

    Exr6g on6 roug yevTrKor.iq .L6youq, undpxer xor ivog 6er.hapoq -[

  • nP0A0rur

    rpornKof rliporog. 'Ioroq to ryr.,xpd x.tripo ouortci vo eivor xoveiq t:xvo.Lop-x

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    Oetov op6eunru,rv oumnpd'rrov. Kcpic cn6 trq rpiorpeg e{d,i{erq rrou rlpo-nyfl0nxov rou noLrtrxorj ouyrewpotropor.i mrg ueproxdq exeivtq 6ev ritovow6e6epivn pe xol}d8eq notop6v fi pe ofv0ero op8eunr

  • 27

    iKool 6Uo ftov eyypri;r;rotor rqr or 6exoewio supoorcrlKoi. Ev6rogeporov.Lrytitepo po tnv npoioropio xcr po orrloUmpsq, pn lTpdpporS Korvovisg.Ewodrorq, or pi(eg mq ovrodtnrog orov or.ilxpovo Kdopo BpioKo\Tor 1roKprd

  • 2B ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    vn Eup6rm 6ev eivar pro xorvr,rvio nou 8rcnfuimnre on

  • nP0A0mt

    Srogoprirv oe no'yxdopro x-Liporo tiO:tor mo nepr0r,lpro oq tmeppotrrx

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    rrd Tnv n-LrKio rov 7 erclv. 'Eror, mo te.Lewoio itoq tov rrporruxtoK6v pouonou6ov, ritov erjxo,l,o to pfipo vo petoxrvnOo on

  • n P0A0T0r

    (KoroKTnr{iq Kord }d0oq>, srnxsrpol.ios vo Korovoioet rlq owifitsq rnq ou-v

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    ropo rrov 'I!'Koq, rou Atahuallpa, nopouoic okirlnpou rou mpotou tou, onritov Francisco Pizarro xor rn prxpoor

  • nP0A0for

    i.

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATTAAI

    Extdq cnd tn ouwripnon ypoEdt,rv Kor sgsuptrov, n rropoyoyri rpoErisd6ooe enionq rn 6wct6rnro orouq yeopyoriq vo otn'rnporiv nohmoriq (Ke-

  • nP0l0mr

    Kor mlq onoisq oul'rwpovsror di.o xor ueproo6tapo n ouovoptrri 6uvopn'oqTipou nopdxow e{orperxti oogrl ;rowi}.o yro tnv xotov6non rov toro-prclv lorirv oe

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    O Eniloyog, nou trrlogopeircr , ex0ter opropivo r

  • NPQTO MEPOI

    ANO THN EAEMETHN KAXAMAPKA

    a l l

  • KEOAAAIO 1

    'Eoq rn ypoppn orperqpiog

    /f vo xorci}-lntro onprio orpernprog, ono to onoio pnopri vo oulxpivrl

    l- roveiq trq rotoprreq e{etri[erq onq 8rdgopeg nneipouq, eivcr yripro moa 'L 11000 n.X.* H xpovo-loyfo ourri owrororxei xorci npoo6l"yron ong o-

    ropxiq mq opy

  • ONM, MIKPOEIA KAI ATIMI

    xpdvlo.'Olo ou-rd 0o oworyroroliv pioo oe nepinou 20 oetri6eq. Quorxd 0o o-wrnopilOo lerrropdpereq ror 0c cvogdpo p6vo ttg ttioerq nou Ocopcl oq nroowogrfg pr ro Orpo tou BrB,\iou.

    Or nlnoriorepor (oweg or-ryyeveig poq eivor tpfo tm(rowo ei6n pey

  • EOT TH fPAMMH AOETHPIAI

    i8r \

    t

    Ixripo 1,1. H t{drfuoort rrn atAptinov orot rtio1ro.

    ctus iooq npiTrr vo orroxrrioow 6roqoperrrri r ivopo). l ipcpo, n qpxqlorrpn

    o6ropgroBnrnrn pqprupio yro nopouoio ovOponov mnv Eupr,rnn npopxrql

    ono nprv ono 0,5 npinou etotoppu6rro xpovro, o.l-Lri ul

  • ON^A, MIKPOEIA KAI ATIMI

    xov orroK-Liver orld Touq rra).rdTpoug oKlTofS 'to,i Homo erectus. Ts oEpr-KovrKd Kcr euporraiKd Kpovio rrpl arr6 0,5 erotoppripto xp6vro iporo(ov cp-retd pe to oiryxpovo 6rxd pog, rirme vo to{rvoporiwor mo 6rxd poq e(6oq,rov Homo sapiens, owi yo -rov Homo erectus, H 8r

  • EAI TH TPAMMH AOETHPIAI

    mrrS Tuflofiompiveq norn].ieq oxnp

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    ornKov spyols(a ouv0ero qrrd nol-L

  • ENI TH TPAMMH AOETHPIAI

    rov l.loproKdv curdrv eupnpdrrov opgroBnreitor ofpepo. And rnv

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI AIIAAI

    Kol Mrro.Li, rdrs sixov 1'rvsr {npri (to i6ro owfpn xor oe dllo opc0ri orevri,6nog o Bepiyyerog lop0p6q ror to Xtev6 tnq M.iyotS). To xepooio cixpo rnqvonoovoto.lu

  • EAT TH TPAMMH AOETHPIAI

    ornv oLogdvepn qq0oviq rnq fle6r

  • 48 ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAIATIAAI

    hylobadistes]).'Onaq or oilxpovor dv0pc,rnor nLnoro(ov pe rc n66ro rrg

  • ENI TH TPAMMH AOETHPIAI

    ono6elx0ei op0fi, n soEdvron dlov rov psyd-lov q6ov rng Aurrpolios/Nioq lourvioq, 6nrog 0o 6orjpe, eixe poprdq owinereq po rn perinerro rmo-pio 'rov ov0prirnrov. Or e{cgcvioerq owiq e{

  • 50 ONM' MIKPOBIA KAI AT:AAI

    vor i6n Yvofioi sKorowd6sq x6pol rfnou K-l6pl9' nou xo'\(nrtow xor rq

    oopriwc oxtrir 6popeq no.lrteieq tr,rv HflA ror dL\-Leq neptoxS v6rta' poo mo

    Me{rx6. Aiyo opy6tepo eptpcvi(owol o6loprpropftnteq poprupieq ov0pomvnq

    nopouoioq mnv Apo(ono xot tnv flo'royovio' Tc 6e6opivo outd mnpi(ow

    tnl, eppnveio 6tr ol xripol dnou K-tr6Btg rroronototjv tov np

  • 5 1

    vioq. Toutdmrv, ro ro0ed yripo on

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    mpo-\iolN6o fourvio, mrg cpeprr

  • EOT TH |PAMMH AOETHPIAI

    mlq opeprKovKiq nleipoug rrpopd,\Iowor or,'vsxr;q. Kdos xp6vo pprKo[ orldomofs roug vdoug roxuproporiq porri(ow npopotxri rllmrKoi Kol otlvop-nomrxoi, dtov opxrx

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    O xrirpoq tnq B6peroq Apeprxriq o onoioq oripepc 6ro0fter to n.l.6ov pdor-

    po nerorriprc og nr0ov6q npoyevdmepog ttov K-tr6Brq xclpoq eivor to ppoxrir-

    6eq xorotpriyro mo MiwoouKpo(pt mnv llevor-Lpcivro, tlou ixet 6oon pio

  • EOI TH TPAM M H AOETHPIAI

    fipoysvimepnq rov K-tr6prq r.nro8rKvriow 6rr, yro xrLui6eq ri oxripn xor yrc6er

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIA I

    Frropoto vo prrogipsl r

  • EAT TH TPAMMH AOETHPIAT

    rrp6Touq AFsprKovofq ro fio].f pioo os pio xrLlsrio. An6 sKsi Kor fmpo, npsyo-trurpn 6oglKri iKroon rcDV opeplKowKov nnsipov (Kord 5070 peyo.l,t-rpn orld rng AgplKriq) Kor n no-\ri peyotrwepn neprBo-l,Lovnrui rrorKttr6rnro0o exov npoogdpsr ivo n-LsoyiKrnpo

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATTMI

    xior vo 6(vrl o0non mnv ov0ptomvn ovdrrru{n exei no.}.f per

  • KEOAAAIO 2

    'Evo guotx6 neipo;. to t r lg totoPiog

    to vnotti Toritop, 800 xrhdperpo cvoro.Lx

  • ONM, MIKPOSIA KAI ATIMI

    pdvo F rnv or .ofmpn rxvoi.oyia Kor dn-Ld, xopiq Kqpio no).eplKri sprlsr-pio xor xropfg roxupd nyeoio i opycivroon. Or eropo-Le(q Moopi (o116 rn 86-pero Nfioo mg Nioq Zn-trov6fog) npoipxowov on6 ivov nuxv

  • ENA OYIIKO NEIPAMA THT I ITOPIAI

    rrioouv

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    rolirou, n lfiopio rnq lloLlnnoioq onote).ei ivo rpuorx6 neipopo rrou poq e-rntpner vo pe).eriooule rnv ov0prirmr.n npoooppol'ri, onctr-Laytrrit'n cn6 rrqouvrioerg neprntroxig l6yro nollonkirv rup

  • ENA OYIIKO NEIPAMA THI I ITOPIAI

    pio tng

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    rroluvnororrKig np6rpq ouroKporopig, ol orroisq 6ri0etov p6vrpouq mpo-n

  • ENA OYIIKO NEIPAMA THI IITOPIAI

    yrKd rr.Loirro rng Niog Zn-\ov6icg, rc ngoro-retoyevri vnotd Tou oKaovou ivolrou.L

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    Tov vnord)v

  • ENA OYIIKO NEIPAMA THI IITOPIAI

    oioq frov rpornKd si6n, ro orroio opxrr

  • ONM. MIKPOBIA KAI ATIIAI

    vopnq yro u8oroxoMripyereq, ;re rotooxcuiq pey

  • ENA OYIIKO NEIPAMA THT I IMPIAI

    i.

  • ON^A, MIKPOEIA KAI ATIIAI

    ivc onor

  • ENA OYIIKO flEIPAMA THI IITOPIAI

    rroui0nK ur6 ivav ]rovo6rK6 opxny6' xot6mv, or x-].npovoprxoi opxnyoi roupeyctrurepou trov vnorriv Tdvyxo (tou Toryxotonof) evonoinoov otr6rlnpo'ro opxrni).cyoq xor te].rx

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIAAI

    vnor6v Todrqp 6sv xpsld(owov ropd liyouq lomofq xor {r1trc yrc va oxotr,l-vouw grorueg, rnnvd Kor omoxofq. Or xtitotxot tov neproodtep

  • ENA OYIIKO NEIPAMA THI IITOPIAI

    ofq rov nrrripov nsp .appdvowol Kor Kdrroror rrou sqoprowor 0116 ].i0lvoepyc).eic, dnoq ror or llo.Lwioror, n N6no Apepu

  • KEOAAAIO 3

    IUyrpouoq orqv Koxopdpxo

    peyoiurepn n).nOuo;lrri percxivnon trov ve6repov xp6vov rirov o o-noxrop6q tou Niou K6opou cn6 roug Eupronoioug r

  • IYTKPOYIH ITHN KAXAMAPKA

    pq rnq Al'ras Popoixriq Atrroxpo'rogicg (1wom6 enionq xor oq Kdpo.Lo A',poori.r

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATTMI

    orroorrdoporo arr6 aEn]'ioslq i{r orrrornr,iv poptripov ond touq on'rpcigouqtof Pizarro, erT ov onoiclv xor or c6e.Lgoi tou Hernando r

  • qK6pn Kor or Iv8rdvor rrou rixoF po
  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    fip6o0to orloofidoporq ppioKowav rctpo

  • IYTKPOYIH ITHN KAXAMAPKA

    nou 6r6doKo eivar d,rr 1roq liyet o Oe6g oe touro ro Btptrio. fl ourd, ex p-pous Tou Oeorj ror trov Xprmtovrov, oe rxetefo vo pverq gri.oq rouq, 616rrcrurd eivor to Oilnpo tou Oeorj ror 0o eivor po'ro xo.tr6 oou".

    )O Atahuallpa Qirnoa ro BrBlio yro vo to xort

  • ON A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATTA I

    rpdrro olxpof,.orimnKs o Atahuallpa, Kol o Kuppvrirnq rnipe tov Atahuallpamo rotri.LupOr nonx6p).ntor Iv6r

  • IYTKPOYIH ITHN KAXAMAPKA

    "Mnv ro 0eopeiq npooplnmd rrou nfifenKS xor eioor rpu.Loxropivoq, 61611

    [ rouq Xprmlovorig or ouoior ivot poEi Fou, ncpdn rdoo ].iyot mov opr0pd,dxto xo'roxtioer peyc.Lfrapo Booii.ero on6 T o 6rrri oou Kor ixo mKrioer d.L-Ioug rno roxupofq

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    Or povo6rxoi r0oyeveiq Apeprxovoi nou po nol-Loriq ou,tvtq plopeoov voowrmoOouv mnv uporroiKri xot

  • IYTKPOYIH ITHN KAXAMAPKA

    rr,xig rov oporiOnrov Ionovrov. O vccxeprop6q rov of,.6yov, rou oroddrvouofif,.ropof xor rov uupopdLov 6fi.l6lv ovopEropftnro nopi).uoe touq 'hxog

    ornv Koxopdpro, oMd or p

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATI,AAI

    ev

  • IY|KPOYIH ITHN KAXAMAPKA

    pac Kor ro pyo.\frspo pipoq rnq ouMq rou yripo mo 1526, xot opiooq xo-r6rnv ox6tooe tov opropdvo 6r

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KA! ATIMI

    riroro rsxvoloyio, o Atahuallpa 6ev npoypotonofnoe unepn6wro rraKroonext69 N6noq Ape pxriq.

    Exr6q cn6 ro i6ro ro ni.oio, n nopouoio tof Pizarro oged.6rov mn oqrce-wponxd no-Lrnxri opyrivtoon, nou i6rve rn 6wot6tnto ornv Ionovro vo xpn-poto6otrioer, vo xotooxeudoer, vo enov6pooer xor vc e{oni.ioer rc nloio. HAworpotopio rr,lv'h,'roq eixe enionq ouy

  • IYTKPOYIH ITHN KAXAMAPKA

    Xtov Nio K6opo, n rxov6, nro ypoEriq nepropr(6tcv oe ohyipr0peq elir o-propivov Lcov rou oli"p(povou Me{rxori xor yartovrKov [rp1ox6v, rro.Lf rnop6pero cn6 rnv Awoxporopio t

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATI,AAI

    rn nopd8oon. Or Ionovoi lwopr(cv cn6 Brplio yo noMoriq oLyxpovoUq rousfio-LrrroForjq pcrprci on6 rnv Euporm, Ko0d)S Kor yro opKrriq xlhd6rq xp6vloeuproncirriq rmopioq. O Pizarro pnr

  • AEYTEPO MEPOI

    H EMOANIEH KAIH AIAAOEH THE

    NAPATNTHE TPOOHE

  • KEOAAAIO 4

    H 6rivop4 rr lg yeolpyiog

    g ipnpoq nipooo ro xo-Loxoipr rof 1956 orn Mow

  • ONM, MIXPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    hc to peyoi.rjtepo 8rriornpo o

  • H AYNAMH THI 'EQPTIAI

    IlopriyoweE rioo ond ro yl'u

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIAAI

    H npdrtn oxion eivor n mo

  • H dYNAMH THI TEOPNAI 9 5

    ouv0srxov lrnoopdtov to onofo rropdyow to xnprrd epyom

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    rroi].o]?ivol crrd rous rrepropropouq rov pKp6v rlor6rt6v rrou npifil vo rrd-pouv poEi rouq mo raqi6r, pnopoLi'v vo ywrioow Kdr vo Fsyoi.0ioow doarror8rd Frropoliv vo 0piryouv. To 8romipoto ov

  • H AYNAMH THI TEOP|IAI

    Ano0meupivo ntreovdopoto rpoqipov pooro;rvo mnv eurpol;i Eopo.Lo-yiog prlopodv vo ouwnpioouv xor

  • ONM. MIKPOBIA KAI ATIIAI

    ogptKovrKri Kor n poKrprovf Kopfitro. To (c6o ourrov rrov 5 er6rirv, ro0tog rorro .Ldpo, xpnoipsuov yro rn pTogopci goptir,rv. Tc Booer8ri xcr to

  • H AYNAMH THI TENPTIAI

    (oo. Aorpo6n voofporo rinr,rq n eu.Lop

  • KEOAAAIO 5

    0r 6xovreg Kol or pq 6xovreg rr lg rotopiog

    ey

  • OI EXONTEI KAI OI MH EXONTEI THT IITOPIAI

    ,\.oppdvow neproxiq nou odpepo xorordooowor

  • 102 ONAA, MIKPOBIA KA! ATIMI

    rous: ]'1o fiapd6l']ro, Kqrd ro ptKp6rspo Fiyeeoq rov e(npep

  • OI EXONTEI KAI OI MH EXONTEI THI IITOPIAI

    ErKdvo 1. lwalK.a Kat ftatdi and'to Ba0in6q'c c Pdpoc arric rnc Ntar' Ioortae

    lviaog Zuip).

    103

  • 104 ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATTAAI

    Ex6vq 2. O Poran and ra Ylineda rng Ntag fowvtaE nou ayixet otny e(Jvornra roty@opt. Ot Emdtteg 2 tog 5 anet

  • OI EXONTEI KAI OI MH EXONTEI THI I ITOPIAI

    Errrivo 3, O Esa and ra Y{ineda tnq Niag Iountiag rou ayiret mnv t0v6tnta tav4topt.

    105

    -,-*a'!rr-

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATI,AAI

    Erx6vo 4. O Kariniga an6 m v6na Ba9ireda tnE Ntag foutttag nou avirct ornu e0v6rnra rav Towtaoui.

  • OI EXONTEI KAI OI MH EXONTEI THI IITOPIAI

    ii'1,. a

    Etxrivo 5. O Sauakai an6 u Ba9in a mg pdprng anrig rng Nrag fouviag.

  • Ofl^A, MIKPOEIA KAI ATIAAI

    Lwovo 6. OprctprcC tnt Ntac louv,ae.

  • OI EXONIEI KAI OI MH EXONTEI THI IITOPIAI

    Exova 7. ABoplytvag AuotpaT6g an6 rnv e0v6rnta toy ntwolint (

  • 110 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    Ex6vc 8. ApoplynteE mE AuwpaAiag ani rfl fn Aptep (ptipeta Aunpatria).

  • OI EXONTEI KAI OI MH EXONTEI THI I ITOPIAI

    f -

    " .-*f

    FLricivo 9. Ar'rrir0ary noyavi yuvaira, pua and rcug rcLetnaloug em(ioatn4 oro oooutt::ttv yeltn9ei tpfl and rnv ritpt[n tat Eupanaiov.

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    Err6vq 10. luvaiKa rnc tgvdrnrag rat, Eptvxt lnpdni Towyrou(or) aro m hpnpia,

  • OI EXONTEI KAI OI MH EXONTET THI I ITOPIAI

    Er

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    Erxrjvq 12. lwalra an6 mv IdBa 9epi(er pnQ. Or ExiveE 12 rat 13 anerrcovi(ouv ytln'rnE aumpovnomig ylaaorcig oxoyivenq

  • OI EXONTEI KAI OI MH EXONTEI THI ITTOPIAI

    ErK6va 13. Ilolwrtout ywaira ar6 rn yioo Prina orort rpot tK6 EtpnwK6, 11.000 xtlt6-yopa nepinou ayarcLrcd 'tfiC ldpa1.

    1 1 5

  • 116 ONAA, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIAAI

    Exrivo 14. Kopftot an6 mv Kiva nou ya(eiet ptraotorig ynaproi.

  • OI EXONTEI KAI OI MH EXONTEI THT IITOPIAI

    Exdvo 15. I9ayewiE mg BdpMC AypxrtC: Knfu\ani'Atroyo, apxny6g mg qu)"ig ra,tI76ttt rat' Meydlatt lledr.ri6ay

  • ONM, i'IKPOBIA KAI ATIAAI

    Erxrjvq 16. 'A)ln yia fiayetrtg ng B6peng Ayepwig: yway'rca rng e9vdtntag t't't Na-

    Bdxo 'ro'rt vottodwxtit HEA.

  • OI EXONTEI KAI OI MH EXONTEI THT I ITOPIAI

    xpovo 0116 Touq qvepcirrouq rrou dgnooy rrq Tpogiq. Mrc rurnrri enrloyinow6e6epivou> u,\rxori aivor o {ul

  • 120 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    6o, nou pcoi(etcr oe pro dl-ln 6ra6rrqoia pc8revepyori 8rdonoong xor outirnv onoic npoxinrrer to oupndpcopc drt 6eiypcrc, rtou xor

  • OI EXONTET KAI OI MH EXONTEI THI I ITOPIAI

    x0rpo rns opxlKriq npipoonq, npdypo fiou uro6rKvuer 4dfiLoon rlpoq -Kivouq rouq

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    Xnipo 5.1. Ktwpa rpot),evang rnE napayoyig rpogig. To epatnpanrd uno6nklyuKdnow algrPolia aht n eycptitnon rnc napayayic rpogig oto et ),6ya riwpo itat,ngiyyan attcnnptaorn ar6 tmt efuirlaon mE napayayfig rpogig aui d)la ranpa, rt(wnn repirtaon rnc NtaE loon)tq) toteg irav ot apmt|'tepeg raMtipyercg.

    Extdq on6 rrq rrdws olrrdg neproxdq mrq orroisq n ncpoytoyri rpoElis oi-youpo epgovforrxe owot:).rirg, riooeprs oK6Fo -n

  • OI EXONTEI KAI OI MH EXONTEI THI IITOPIAI

    \.\r'omig xpovoloyGs sgnpipoonq. Avdpeoa mtg erw6o owig neptoxiq, rqunorprirpreg yro cve{dptntn e{i}.rfn mg rlapayoyris rpogrig, n vo'no6wrxriAoio ixer rq cpxcrdrepeg oprmrxig xpovoloyieq t6oo tnq etnpiptrnq gu-rov (1'r.rpr,l oro 8500 n.X.)

  • 124 ONAA, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    Ksivq rnq vorro8unKriq Aoioq, o.Llti eldxrmor npr,rpor xclpor 6xouv xpovo-troyn0ei pe coE

  • rlTlot KoTdTnv eqnpdpooav Tn ouKopouprd Kqr ivq }.r6rno xoproptK6 ov6poTl

    Vow t g [CyPerus esculentus].To i6to powdlo ioog roxriet yro tnv Ar0ronio,

  • 126 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    pn oe ovopi0pnto prplio. Or neproxq owiq nepri.oppdvouv rnv Ko-trup6pvro,nq pop:ro6utrxdq oxtq tou Erpnrrxori mn B

  • 1 2 ?

    rnv urr6 rov Ion[rplv6 AEplKri. C)g er tourou, to enueipnpo tmip prcq nln-iJuoFrrris cwrxotdmoonq mnv Euprinn civor i.ry6tepo rox-up6 i ).rydtepodUoo.

    Ma triyc i

  • KEOAAAIO 6

    No roi l f l repyei roveigq vo pr;v roi l i l repyei;

  • NA KTMIEPTEI KANEIT'H NA MHN KA/IAIEPTEI i

    rno FrKp6oopor, 6rorp6gowov xerp6rpo, uniqepqv arr6 oopqpdrrpsq qooi-

    verq Kql KoTd pioov dpo rrioorvov os vop6rspn n-\rxio q d roug Kwnyouq-rpoqooul-LiKTeq lrou owrKoTiornoov. Av or rrporol ouroi ysopyoi lrfiopoi-oov vo rlpopi.i{.rouv rrs owriflrsq, (oorq vo;rnv uro0erofoov rtrlKd Tnvflopoyoyri rpogrlq. hori, rrop' 6.Lo ourd, oviKovor vo npoptrVouv ro orror-,\eouo, ixovov ouni Tnv srntroyfj

    Yndpxow nolliq rrpoyporrKis rrspl'rrrooaq rwnyov-tpogoouMercr,lv ororro(or dplrrov rous yirovig rouq vo ooxolofwor pe rnv nopoyoyri tpogrigror, om6oo, cpvoirvrqv vo 6eno{w trg urrorl0i}rryS ruloyisq rng nopopd-vowoq xuvnyoi- rpotpooul-Lirreq. ho nop

  • Ofl^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    ovorrrr.xonKs ri.lKd n rropcyoyli rpoqiq, yrori ovorrrr.ixonKs os opropivqrrsproxis ol-Ld dxl os ri.\-Leg, yror( oe 6rc9opetxiq enoxiq oe 6roEopetxiqneproxiq xor poti

  • NA KAMIEPTEI KANEII 'H NA MHN KAMIEPTEI, 131

    vspyoris 8roxerprorig rnq yng rous Kor rouq Kuvnyouq-tpogoouMixre g rogon).ofq ouMineq tov

  • ONM, MIKPOEIA KAI ATIMI

    plpollof Uou (oxerrrdpevog titt 0o ono6ooet nol,tr

  • NA KA^^IEPTEI KANEII 'H NA MHN KMAIEPTE

    ourd rfOswqr os lsrroupl'lo Kdes gop

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIAAI

    mo 3000 rr.X., or Kwnyoi-rpogooui-LiKrq rnq vdrros Xoun6ioq uto0itnoovrn yer,lppo pe ption r

  • NA KMAIEPTEI KANEII 'H NA MHN KMAIEP|EI;

    Znlov8io Kol sqolo0priol fi ono8arcrioer rq 0o-Looorvd Kor rc xapociqrrmvd mo d.l-lo vnold rnq floLwnoias, sn6d0nKav mnv aworrKorroinon rnqrropoyoldq rnq rpoqfq roug. Ilo rropd6srl'Fo, rropdlo rrou or rrolul'foror o-rrorKrmis rou Nnorof rof fltioxo yrjpro mo 500 F.X. igepov po(i touq xor

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    priq 8npnrproxr6v rog ro,\irapyollevou i6ouq. Or oopewrrig owig efe-Li{erqonordtreoov rq oouvoioOntc npoto pripoto mg afnpipoong rr,rv gr.nc,rv.

    'Evog riroproq fiopdyowoq rirov n opqi8popn oxion ov

  • NA KM IEPTEI KANEII 'H NA MHN KAMIEPIEI:

    voriooups yrori n psrdpoon npoq rnv nopayol'd rpoqriq orn f6nFn Hprodln-vo qKivno yrlpo mo 8500 n.X., Kol dxr yfpo mo 18500 rr.X. ri ro 28500 r.X.Kot

  • ONM, MIKPOEIA KAI ATIMI

    oul-Lerrciv ornv Ko).rg6prro, cuoxoppivrov ).6y

  • KEOAAAIO Z

    f l69 grrdxveror 6vo op0y6oi lo

    v eiooore ne(onripog nou rou fxer xonef n dpe{n on6 rrg tpogiq rovoypoKrnFdrrDv, dxer yodoro vc npoonoOioete vo g

  • 140 ON^A, MIKPOEIA KAI ATIMI

    rouq, sgoppd

  • NOI OTIAXNETAI ENA AMYIAA^O

    yruoro Kqprr6 Kor 6roqnpi

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    tiMo (r,ro xotovo.l.r,rriq 6ev rxovonoro0v ro ri,\,tro ropp

  • NNI OTIAXNETAI ENA AMYT A^O

    nrvn rlt-Loyri e{e-Lx0nxov r,tore vo yivow 10 (popiq poptrrepo on

  • 144 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    'H6n on6 to 8000 n.X. epgovi(owor ro

  • 145

    ei6n Boppoxrori, iror 6ors vo euvon0ei n 8nproupyro qur6v U poKpreq rvrq.Awi0eto, mrq neprrnt'toerg tou hvoprof rcor tnq xdwcpng, 6to

  • r46 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATTAAI

    rouq. Al.rimpogo

  • 147

    pdKron. tro fiotr-Ld dypro qurd p TiTorouq prxovlopofq rrpooopFoynq ou-pn:pr).opp

  • 148 ON A, MIKPOEIA KAI ATIA I

    ysopyofq, 01 orroiol 0o pnoporioov itor vo eixov xdoer opior,rg xtiOe auvoixriperriA.\oln xtopiq vo xoro-tropow ro yrori.

    H lfon ouv6e6tov pe 6vov ri-l-Lo r(mo c6r

  • NOI OTIAXNETAI ENA AMYT A^O 149

    nofnon Ko06g y(vowov Kord Trspimoon owrKsipvo srr oyfiq, iror tosre vqewoorjwcr tc rpriMo (o(ryxpovo .Ldxovo ror loxovi6o), or pioxor (piBo), orotp0olpoi (i.cxovdxr Bpuleilov) ri or ro{rov0isq (xouvotmi6r ror pnp

  • 1 5 0 ONAA, MIKPOSIA KAI ATIMI

    Tt eivqr exeivo nou e{nyei ttg pey

  • 1 5 1

    no].f 6uoKoL6rspo mnv Ko-l-Lripysro Kqr fisplLdppovov rlg pn.Lldq, rrs axLo6riq, lq 6cpoorcnvrig ror trg xepoorig. To 6iwpo out

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    ovepornvnq KorovdAoonq 0eppf6ov xcr nepr).opB

  • NOI OTIAXNETAI ENA AMYTAMO

    l\4gna unguiculatal xor opoxi6eg (opdnrxo

  • ONM, MIKPOEIA KAI ATI,AAI

    ni0ete 6rooxoprnop6 tov ondprov ror cypofq povor

  • NNI OTIAXNETAI ENA AMYTAA^O 1 5 5

    r0oysvsfq A;reprxovoriq mnv Ko-Lrg6pvrc ror rrq ovoto.l.rxiq HIA, Koeoq Kolrpogri oe 6po ov

  • 155 ONAA, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    0ouoroop6 onorou6rinots eni6o{ou xoi-hepyntf polovr6rr,rv, o onoiog 0oer,xe lrxrloer rouq orioupouq xor 0o eixe 8totnprioer tnv wopovf tou.

    'Ooo ,y'rc trg

  • NAt OTIAXNETAI ENA AMYTAMO 157

    mo vo Ko.tr-Lrepyiror rrdwor n Ko.Lftspn yvomf norxd.(o, vo ouMiyetot oorr6pos Tnq rcr, rirov rixer vo eFeal'rfi( pro triyo rotrrirepn norKllfo, vo e-mLdyeror cwri rcr oriro xo0' elrig. Awq or cpxq rng ov

  • KEOAAAIO 8

    Mnito r1 lvdrdvor

    6-trrq ei6ope noq or l,ooi opropivrov neproxrov dpxrocv vo ro.l,\rep-yofv ei6n

  • MH^A } I JNAIANOI

    vsq fisproxdq o(ps1).6rov o-rn pn 8roOsorpdrnro Kord.\-Ln.Lov tiyprrov er6r,tv,rrop

  • 160 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIA^I

    ysro orrd ro dypro gr.rrd Kcr rrp{irrsr va oiooqre ro spornFq yrori ro dyproou-r6 ri6og or opropdvrq rrrproxiq 6rv e{npeprirOnxe.

    'Evo xopoxtnprmx

  • MH^^'H INAIANOI 161

    vo ofi6 ro ol"ridtorxo dypto ei6n mq Eupooioq, rirme vo Betrtrcl0orjv ol xoL-

    .Lrpyereq owiq. fioti -Lotn6v or r0oyeveiq Apepxovoi 6ev e{npiptooov or i-

    6ror owd to, xotti to gorv

  • 162 ONM. MIKPOBIA KAI ATTAAI

    6nproupyio n6letov, ypcariq, ouroxpotoprrilv ror ornori nou ovopri(oupe (xo-

    l6s ri rcrr,iq) nol.rnopd. Otreq ow6g or eleli{erq pe tn oerpd roug {enri6n-oov cn6 roug mrrvorjq cv0pdrmvoug nlnOuopofq, to onoOipcrc tpogrlg xor

    rn 6rotpoEri e{er6xeqrdvrav otdpov nou 6ev ooxo}.oirwcv pe m yeopyio rotro onoio ovo660nxov x

  • MHM'H INAIANOI

    vov'Kor o rdrroq Kor o xpdvoq rnq sqnpipcronq ivor l.vclmd Kord npoo\"yr-on. Asv opvofFar drr d-l-Lsq rrproxq, er6rKdrrpq n Kivo, ropouoioEov srrlonsntreovextripcro roq opxoiot tdnor s{npiproonq, o,\-L

  • \64 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATI,AAI

    li(ow 50.000 Oeppi6eq rpoErruig evdpyeroq yro xriOe 1.000 0ep;ri6aq 6onov6-pevou ipyou. Xuyrewprirvowoq tepdmreg noo6tntrq dyprov 6npnrproKov osoirwopo xponx6 6r

  • MHM'H INAIANOI

    FqwrK6 ouwa}orri yro rrq 8rogoperrxiq e(etri{erq tov ovOpornvov xorvr,r-vrtov orov Nio Koopo xor rnv Eupooio.

    'Evo rpito nleovixtntrro rnq x-lop(6og orn l6rrpn Hproilnvo eivor 6tt le-prlopBdver uryn-Ld nooom6 ouroyovrponororl;revov eppogp

  • 166 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAIATIMI

    oro dyprtov qL"rov Kqrd-l-\n.Lr,lv yra sqnFdpoon. O

  • MH A'H INAIANOI

    8erxvferor on6 rrq peliteq tou yeoyp

  • OflM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    'Evo tpito ni.eovixtnpo tnq peooyeroxriq (r'lvng tng f6vrpng Hproe)livoueivor 6tr 6ro0iter pey

  • MHM-H INAIANOI

    fisp .qppdvsr rnv AvoroLio. IIop'

  • 1?D ONAA, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    onpoivr o(srrKd grt,rxofq u8drrvouq n6pouq (pe rn popgri notcpiorov xornop

  • MHAA'H INAIANOI

    opou mnv ofiofo n rropoyoyf rpogiq s(r 6ev etrrgov(orma ove{riprnto eitexoriln{e oe ivo rno c6rivopo ncxfro. flpr,trov,

  • 1 7 2

    vo rouq rrpoopdl-Lo urro0rowoq 6tt 6:v eixov ovollcoiag yro to 6rdgopopovrtdpro; Mrivo or Apepxcvoi ;rnopotloov vo eivot

    '16oo qv6ntor omt vooulxiow ro 6nlntnpro6n povrt

  • MH^A H INAIANOI

    poups piporo rrionq Kor Kdrrolo d,l,\o qr.rrd rrou 6av pnopoiw Tno vo ovo-w(DordtoUv.

    Or oge).eiq erefvor xorpxoi or,TKiwpovov cipoye r

  • 1?4 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    vowos Kord pipoq ro ei6n ps plKpofq ri 8uo

  • vo rnq l6vrpnq Hproa.trnvou. Av qflo6ernu6rov 6rr titoreq xo],Ltdpyereq 6svuroOetf0nrov yrc nolrrroprrofg ri
  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    rrpirrsr vo poq sKTrhioosr ro yyov6g 6'n 6f,.or or rcitorrot rov YEui8rov tnqNioq lourvioq xor or neproo6tepor x

  • MHM 'H INAIANOI

    Ltipyeug pr(r,lv, o.lld xortirpepov vo py

  • 178 ONAA, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    rruKV6TnrS nln0uopori nou pnoporloov vo enrinxow ror to urydperpo nouuTrooouoov vo KoTorKlOouY.

    Ev o.Liyorq, n Nio fourviq nopouord(er pro 8roEoncrnrui owiOeon pe tnl6rrpn Hproi.trnvo.'Ontoq ror or rtnnyoitporpoouMirceg tnq ldvtpng Hproe--trrivou, xqr exeivor rnq N6og fourvdoq ovirrru(ov mv ncpcyoyi rpogfq ove-

    {dptnto. Om6oo, n l'r6rno nopoyroyri tpogriq nepropr(6tov on6 tnv onouorow

  • MHM'H INAIANOI

    pn Hproitrnvo. 'Evq w6rno i6oq Koi.oKfeoq rlqpeixs ptKpd 8oxeio xoOroq xorppr'lorpouq ondpoug. To undi.otno 3 r6pwrxti ei6n roi-h:pyoriwov onoxlet-mx

  • 180 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    .lio xolopnoxrof npoooppoopivn mo o(rwopo xo).orcipro rnq Bdperoq Ape-plKrig, sv6 n ti

  • MHM 'H INAIANOI

    flpoo6roprmofv. To 6ro06orpo riypro 6npn'rprox

  • 182 0nM, i,llKP0BlA KAI ATIMI

    louwio xor rrq ovoroLxiq HnA L'fiipqov or arruOsioq ouv;rlsrsq rov 6toqo-pIK6v owdlov on6 dyplo ei6n gurrirv Kor

  • MHAA'H INAIANOI

    r6nou 6to0iorpo riypro

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    .hivou to 9500 rr.X., xor rixr ro 8500 [.X., 0o eixe nopon].ornOei ome vo u-noOdrer 6n n l6rrpn Hproi.lnvoq 0o frov povrpoq oxor

  • MHM'H INAIANOI 185

    H orrio lorrrdv rng o8wopioq rrov r0cyevctv Atrreprxcvrov vo e{npapriroowtc pf-Lo tnq B6peroq Apeprxrig nprv cn6 rnv rirpr{n rov Euponoiov 6ev ppr-ox6tov orire mouq cvOpctnoug orire mo pfl-Lo. 'Ooov ogop

  • KEOAAAIO 9

    26ppeg, 6ruxory6;.rorror q opxrl rnq 'AwoC KopEvtvog

    Z6 lo to xotd,L.Ln-tro po r{npipoon (oo porri(ow' r

  • 187

    Ito KeEdloro 4 0upn0rixope rouq nol-Lo0g tpdnouq pe rouq onoiouq ro ;re-ydLo oxriorto 0n-Lootrxci ono8eixOnxqv rpiorpng onpooioq po 6oeg ov0prom-veq rorvrovieq to eixov ornv roroxri roug. Kupioq, rropelxov rpioq, yclcrro-xoprx

  • 188 ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    nivcKoq 9,1. Ta AtKartaoEpa Apxaia ei6n tat ptydAru, xoproqdyavorciotav 0ttAaonrr6y

    Ta lltne Mei(ovog Znyaoiag

    l. Ilpdparc-'Ayptog npdyovoq: 'ro np

  • ZEBPEI, ATYXO AMOI KAI H APXH THI ANNAT KAPNINAE

    13, Booedi roi MnaTL Aypros rrpdyovos: ro prrol-r&yK (otrylevrig tou pov

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA XAI ATIMI

    6ro6rxooieq enri.oyriq iror ome vo ewonOei n 6rotripnon tou pcl-Lrori touqxor o neproprop6g rnq rprx6ntr,loriq toug, evrir or oye.Ld6eq ixow tmomei6rc6rxooieq en .oyriq oote vo 6ivouv rltproo6rspo ydtro. Mepu

  • ZEBPEI, ATYXO AMOI KAI H APXH THI AN(r'.t KAPNIN,J

    Auui n notrf dvron xorovopri rov

  • 192 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    Ilivoxoq 9.2. Onlaanni unorpigu yn e(nptpaon

    Eupqoiq

    'Hneryoc

    Ynoooxtipro Apeprr

  • ZEBPEI, ATYXO AMOI KAI H APXH ]HI ,ANNA' KAPENINA'

    llpr,ltov,

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    (orioov pioo mn (tovn e{cin}.

  • ZEBPEI, ATYXOI I-AMOI KAI H APXH THI,ANNA' KAPNINAI

    0ioq rov oxioeov (rirov ror ov0pron

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    rrp6poro, rnv oiyo Kor ro xoipo Kor rIioo ps trq KopliLq. Met

  • ZEBPEI, ATYXOI TAMOI KAI H APXH THT /NNAI KAPNINAT

    xp6vro. Afi6 rov l5o orovo, ol Eupt,rrrqior dxouv e{on}.o0ei oe ti}n mv urpd--trro ror ixouv i).0er oe enogi pe dypro e(6n OnLomrxriv nou 6tv r.m

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAIATIMI

    empd.tr-Lsror os orroro8rirrore qnpspopivo ei6oq. K

  • ZEBPEI, ATYXOI TAMOI KAI H APXH THI,4NNAT KAPNINAI

    l"ropror.i e(vor {arpsrrKd v6anpo). O ox6log 0c trrnopofoe vo nar roveig rirronote.lei oxe6

  • ONAA, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    otrrr

  • ZEBPEI, ATYXOI TAMOI KAI H APXH THT /4NNA' KAPNI|IAT

    cfipdplsrrro psyd.Lo enlomrK6 rnq AgprKnS. Onoroo6rinote t

  • ONAA, MIKPOEIA KAI ATTMI

    .Ltioo-, e{crtioq tnq o}ci0nrng xovdtnrdq rouq vo nopornpofv rn 0n-hri touoxorvrou xo0oq nnci npog to pipog rouq Kor, ror

  • ZEBPEI, ATYXO AMOI KAI H APXH THI ANNAT KAPENINAT

    p

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    dMov oyei.6v. Eivor e{ioou o8livoto vo e1x-Leioer r

  • ZEBPEI, ATYxol lAM0l KAI H APXH IHI t,v,vAI K{Pfrv/l'r4r

    ,L

  • KEOAAAIO 10

    An6povror oupovoi ror rerf l r ; . r6vol dEoveq

    uyKpivTs to oxri;roto Kol rov [pooqvoro.\rop6 Tov nrripo)v oroy rrc-

    lx6opro xriptn mq oei.i6oq 207 (pI. Xxnpo 10.1). @o peivete rorduh-rror on6 pro nporpovri 6rorpop

  • ANEPANTOI OYPANOJ KAI KEKAII ,4ENOI A:ONEI

    rng.'O.Lq ourds or dl\sq nsproxdq Kcrriornocv rpoqoropo)'oyoi sfqrricg rnqtirci6oong rc,lv rco.L\repyercov, .rng xrnvorpogiuq, rnq l.viDong oxrrrru pe rn 6roxeiptof roug Kol, os psplKdq neprnrooerg, rng peroxivnong rc,tv i6rov rcov yeopY0lv Kql T0lv KTnvoTpo9cov.

    Or ruprdrepeq ouriq nopeieg 6rci6oonq rnq rropoytol.riq rpophg nruv ororn vorro0unrri Aoio npog rnv Euponn, rnv Aiyunro ror rn popero Agprrri,rnv Ar0roniq,Tnv xewprrn Aoio xqr rnv Kor-L

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    nopxio rof Not

  • ANEPANTOI OYPANOI KAI KEKAIMENOI A=ONEI

    KrlKiS perol.Ld|rq 6por6enKov ovdpeoo mouq tiyprouq npoyovrxorlq nln-0uoporig 6rogopetrx6v neproxr,rv. Me nopdporo tpdno, or onopoitnreg oMo-yiq po m petotponi tov riyprov gw

  • 210 ONM, MIKPOBJA KAI ATIMI

    ox6;ro t6oo xpriorpo ciypro orryyevf rou ]'ro vo rov e{npepriroouw er viou. Orpoptupieg yro pio ror pdvn {npipoon rmo6erxWouv trorn6v 6rr,

  • ANEPANTOI OYPANOI KAI KEKAIMENOI A:ONEI 2t1

    nhipn o6uvopio vo gtdoei n nopoyr,tyti tporpiq oe opropiveq orxoloyu

  • 212 ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    H 6rnipa 10.2. Ta aiypoAa deiwow apxniovg paioxpwoloynyanug xipng, otorg otroi-ol)C tmw PptgE{ KardTona raTTtepyetdt mg \imyng Hyoeltlvol. To ovypoTo o 6ei-met tity i6u m ldvryn Hyoilmn (xtlpot npt't aui to 70N n.X.). Enyerctiov 6n otxpototroyf4 npoxopow aa6md 6oo anoyarplttttat xaee{C avd rn llvryn Hytotllwo,O xriprng awdE paoilnar no Xdptn 20 tol Zohary rat Hopf, Domestication of Plantsin the Old World, alfui ar*a9ord rrg 6tKtC rovE pn pa9yotopnytveg xpovoToyioeryye fa9yovoynyetteg xporoloffioetg padtEwpyoi tiv9para.

    hcr( {exlvnoe n rropoyr,ryri rpogfq rc0' 6-ln mv 6Kroon mS 6unKriq Eu-pooiog ond ro {6ro rrorlo gurdrv; Mrinoq ener6ri to i6ro orlvolo gurdv aIIo-wofoe oe tiyprc xordoroon oe rroMCq rrproxds, 0eopriOnxov xpliorpo exe(oxprp

  • ANEPANTOI OYPANOI KAI KEKAIMENOI A:ONEI

    0116 rnv Aiprrro. H lgiyyo ror ot llupopi6eq xrimnxov on6 ovOprlnoug otonoior rpiEowov pe xo,\,\ripyereq nou opxrrd ev8npofoov orn ldvrpn Hpr-oihvo, 6xr mnv Aiy.umo.

    Aer-i-repov, oK6pn Kor 6oov orpopci nq xc,\-trripyereg sKivsq rclv ofloloy odyproq rp6yovoq onow

  • 214 ONM. MIKPOBIA KAI ATTMI

    poioq, rq orrdpro, To Kpr0dpr, n goKri, ro pPi0r, To gqo6ho Kor ro trlvdpl i-xow 6.Lo no).udpr0pouq riyprouq oulTsvsiq rKrdq qrrd rxrwouq nou e{npepr,i-0nxov. Oprop6vo on

  • AnEPANT0I 0YPAN0l KAI KEKIIMENOI A:0NEI

    yo-Lovsr ps rnv fidpo8o rov Fnvov on6 ro x1psplv6 n-Lroor

  • 216 OIIM, MIXPOBIA KAI ATIAAI

    Atn69 eivor ev p6per o .Ldyoq nou to c{npepclpivc ei6n tng ldvrpnq Hpr-oefuivou 6ro6d0nxov rrpos -ro 6unxd xor to ovctoLrx

  • ANEPANTOI OYPANOi KAI KEKAIMENOI A:ONEI

    firKri vorroovorohx.ri Aofo, rg

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    AnotdLeopo rircv n noofyvroorn nopiq r

  • ANEPANTOI OYPANOI KAI KEKAIMENOI A:ONEI 219

    Awimpotpo, or orr

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    rropo6silporo otrrd neprlopBdvouv rnv cwoMoyi Ko.\-Llspyslov pe pu0p6xaLovoq psroqf rnq Kor-trd6cq rou Iv6of mo floxrmdv xor rnq v6noq Iv6ioq,rnv opyri 6rri6oon rnq rropoyoytig rpoqriq rnq vdrloq Kivog npoq tn Xepo6-vnoo rnq Mo-Loroioq rcrrnv o6uvopio vo Etdoer n rropoyoyi tpogng rngrpofilKiq Iv6ovnoioq xorrng Nioq lourvioq xo'r

  • 221

    nK6v Ko-l-hspysrov. C)ordoo, oK6Fn Kot Ksivot ot gpoypoi qvdFsoo mnvKivo ror rn 8wrxri Eupooio {ancpdmnrov, Tou.}.d{tmov ev pipcr, roto tn6rdpr

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    ocv rlq ovdyKrg orKovoprKd Kol KolvovrKd ofvOetov rorvovrrbv nopcyoyrigtpoEfq (6nr'rq tn poorLu

  • TPITO MEPOI

    ANO THN TPOOHETA ONAA, TA MIKPOBIA

    KAI TO ATEAAI

  • KEOAAAIO 11

    To govtrd 66po rr lg rrqvorpoqiog

    t l1 S rc.rpo rxoupr nopoxotrouoriofl nc.rq epgovrmnre n nopoyoyri tpo-

    I I E,iS oe paptr

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIAAI

    dwpog, o onoiog nooxe on6 nveupovio tnv onoio eixe npoxo-f,ioer vo o-

    lvomo prrp6Bro, evro erxe rqr gtr,rxri p6vo lvr,ron tng ol"yhrciq ykioooq. To8reppnvic irove n 6popgn ylvoixo tou, Trou ovnotrxofos yto tnv ror

  • 227

    oo0ivsrS or ofioiS ete-Lix0nrov on6 oo0vereq (roov, nop6lo fiou Lo repro-o6repo on6 ro Frrp6Brq ro orroio eu0ivowor ylo rlg 6rxdq poq emOnptxiqv

  • OIIM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIAAI

    oxs66v povoppi owo"\-Loyi plKpopiov ovdproo mouq Euporroiouq Kol rouqr0oysviq Apeprxovoriq.

    Ouorx

  • TA OONIKA AAPA IHI KTHNOTPOOIAI

    F oomd, 6me vo nepdo:r oe epcig. roOrirg xor o oxrir-lnxog Anisakis marina,ps rov orroio po.Lfvowol rraplorooroKo or rcinoveq, opepxovoi ror uporroior:pom6q tof oofol Korovo.L6yol.Tag op6 Vdpr. To flopdorro owd npoop

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    ofpo rov IIowlK6]v.'Ooov agopd Tnv rpofionoinon rnq oupnsprgopqs rou

    {evLm6, dnote 6ev porti(er pe rov 16 tnq }.toooq, o onoioq 6xr p6vo pnoivermo od-l.ro tou po.Luopvou orfLou, ol-Lri rov rdver vo 6clxrirvet pe povio xorvo po-Lfver iror noMri vio 0ripctc. Oq npoq rn Euorxri npoondOeto ondni.eup

  • e{er8rxeu;rivo owror,rporo, ro ono(o 6nproupyoripe mo6rox
  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    xovrop6v dpwog nepdopp

  • TA OONIKA ANPA THI KTHNOTPOOIAT

    repa KoK6q xpoll6q yro epdq (c}-l,ri Ooup

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAIATIMI

    'Evo x-Looxd nop

  • TA OONIXA AAPA THT KTHNOTPOOIAT

    on6 igo, o.L.L

  • ONM. MIKPOBIA KAI ATTMI

    rI.X. yto rn -Ldrlpo, ro 1840 p.X. l.rq rnv rn8nprKri uoi.ropue-Lirr6o r

  • TA OONIKA AAPA THT KTHNOTPOOIAI 237

    Aorp6q rou Iouo-rrvrovorj (542-543 1t.X.). H rovdrlnq 6poq cipnoe vo nhirrerrnv Euponn pr d-\n rnq rn 6rjvoFn, oq em6npiaq rou Mcfpou Oovritou, p6-vo ro 1346 U.X.,6rov ivoq vdoq 6p6poq xepooiou epnopiou pa rnv Kivo e{o-o

  • 2 3 8 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    qhx0nKs mov 16 rng dopdq rponofior6wog ro xopoKrnprmrKd rou, d]msvo npoooppomei o spdq. H per

  • TA OONIKA AAPA THI KTHNOIPOOIAI

    0pono mov

  • ONAA, MIKPOBIA KAI AIIMI

    -Ldpe on6 ro 6dypo ev

  • 241

    ro 1950 ps rnv i.fii8o vo ouo,\,\oyai n rinerpog onci mv n.lnyi rtov uporroi-rcr'lv xowelt6v, ttou eixcv aroox0ei onepioxeflro Kord rov l9o qrclva. Ko'rdrov nporo xp6vo, o r6q mq pu{op

  • 242 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIAAI

    rnv opxlKri og6trra rov A(rir

  • TA OONIKA AOPA THI KTHNOTPOOIAI 243

    Mixplrnv enoxd nou {ovoepgovimnrov or Euponoior mov xtitro Mrorornri-qurri rn gop

  • 244 ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    rov oi1rxpovd rou rrtrn0uof6 rnq Eupooioq. Opropiveq n6).erq tou Niou K

  • TA OONIKA ANPA THI KTHNOTPOOIAI 245

    pTloivoup mov firpooF6 vo oecDpofF oq To roo6{'vopo Tov aupoorqrtKovsKrpsqdFsvov (cbov yrc trg Av6erg. Omdoo, to ldpo nopouord(ouw rrooepoperovexrfiporo iog nnyi noOoydvov ylo rouq ovOpr,rnoug prxpoopyovropctv:extpdgowov oe ;rxpdrepeg oyi.Leq on'6,tr ro np6poto, or oiyeq xor or xorpor o ouvo).rx6q rouq opt0p

  • 246 ONAA, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    rnq rpornK6g (rirr.nq.'E0etov rov oopop6rapo Epoyp6 mov auporroiKo oror-nop6 rnq tpomxriq (rirvnq xor e{nyoriv yrod o 6ropefuop

  • KEOAAAIO 12

    f lp6runo ror 66vero yp6pporo

    r or.l"yporpeiq rou l9ou orovo owd0r(ov vo eppnveriouv tnv roroprotog pro ovo6rrui nopeio cnd rn BopBopdrnto orov notrr'nop6. Xopo-rrnpronxoi moOpoi uou o

  • ?44 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    rou rrlorftou Kor rov ydvrFov eSogarv rrou rrspiFevov rous KoroKTnriq. OrqEnyiors pdeolvov mouq Korornvofq sqrpswnrfg rl oworiKS vq qvoFd-vouv, Kol rouq ponOofoov vo rrposrorpomouv. Or otrroxpotopieq rrou npor-rurlov itor 8rou

  • NPOIYNA KAI AANEIA TPAM MATA

    [o). Xrnv rrpofl]orlKdTnro, To rrproodTpo c-kp

  • 250 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    H outore.Lrig egeripeon rv6q oumripcroq ypogiq 0o npfner vo ritov oor.ryrpr-ro 6uoxo.L6repn on6 to 6overop6 i tnv npoooppoyri. Or npritor ypoEeig i-fipsrr vo oup

  • NPOTYNA KAI AAI{EIA TPAMMATA

    Enipo 12.1. Ta eparnymtui 6/r1q orn! K{va xat tn! Ay'yttao wodnTbttow oproyet'eqapq$otrieE av ra apm{a ouaiyara ypagic oic neptoxig erdveg eVgaviotnxav ewe-),6E aveQiporta i av rmonvi9nrav afi6 ovanllara lpagig trov cygaviwnxart vopitepaaL),oi. H ratnyopia avagipetar oe ypatptE nou 6e! itav orirt aTgdpnta orhewMafuipu xat m0avdrcra eygaviwnrat tm6 tnv etti6paon apxafirepot, ouanydtav

    waqic-

    roref0uvon (an6 oprorepd npog to 6e{rd 1ro touq Xoupepiouq, 6rrtoq Kor ]'rorouq oiryxpovoug Eupalncioug)' xor 6n or ypoppig npiner vo 6ropri(owor0116 rnv Kopugrl orn Bdon rnq mvoxi6og ow( yto to owiorpoEo.

    H xpiorpn o-Ltropi dpr,lg ogopofoe m J\rion rou npopfuipotoq to oroiorirov 0epe-Lu,16eq yro orce66v 6.Lo to ouorfipctc ypogrlg: noq vo emvorioerroveiq oupgr,rvnpdvo oporri onpe(o nou vc cwrnpooonedow npoyporrxofqsKep6pvouq g06yyoug, xor 6n onltiq r6eg 6 tr{erq ove{dptnro on6 tnvnporpop

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIAAI

    o0ppolo yporpiq tov Xoupepiov onora}ofoov ovoyvopiorpeq eu

  • NPOTYNA KAI AANEIA TPAMMATA

    Aeiyya papulawarig otpnvoedoig ypagig, ng onoiag n andrepn raraytryi avdyetarotn agnvoerii ypaqi Kov Eouyepiat.

    pro exdvo tou prtpotos shun, nou npogipetor p rov i6ro rp

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    H yporpri 'rov Xoupepiov xoritrnfe vo onote].eitor ond 6vc oiw0eto peiy-po oupp6trov rprrirv xotnyoprov: .troyoypdppoto, to onoio ovorpipowov oe o-L6xlnpeg .Li{erq ri ov6poro' rprovnmci ouppolo, nou xpnotponoroirwov ou-oromrxd 1rc vo yp

  • NPOTYNA KAI AANEIA TPAMMA]A

    L,rypaqrxdg nivareaE rng oxolic rol Par(attdv i lxour(apdr, rav apxitv tou 17ou ar-t)t'(i, dft6 rfl! w6mfi wtoinerpo. H ypatpi, 6rr,4 or ntptootftepeg and ng dfieg o6ucegttvt(pte rov vtdrepat xpdtav, npoipxrat and rn ypaqi tav Bparyui|a| rnE apxaiaq[\ttiae, rou l rn oeqd'rnE nt9atdtata ftpotpxral and n apalaikd a),tpdpnto yrjparrov 7o aKiya n.X., ytoa 5dxtonE ror, 6eclv. Ot tdn

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATI,AAI

    poi.o tov Mtipo npofpxowov on

  • flPOTYNA KAI ANEIA TPAM MATA

    rrou ixouv ro [opdl,ln-\d TouS os 6].n rnv lmopiq rns Tsxvoloyiqs Kor rovr6erov. Krinorog enwoei rdtr xor ro 0rer os xpdon. lldrq xot6rlv eoeig, ivogril-loq unoryirgroq xpfimnq, oxe6r

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    nporurro)v. ho nop

  • NPOTYNA KAIAANEIA TPAM MAIA

    n 6over(6pevn yi.roooo 6ev dxer xtinoro xprion (6nroq n napintr,lon tc;v oiry-xpovov Todxrov, or orroiol To ypdppo c rou .LorrvrKof o-Lgq-pritou yro vc sKqpdoow rov ro:nr

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    ctr-lnlor,xic pe prxpiq rpononouioerq (ror, mnv nepirrroon t

  • NPOTYNA KAI AANEIA TPAMMATA

    'Evo ewrmoororcd nop

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIAAI

    D"Snu O*"d-n"W',udt."

    0ou"Il". 0.Lo" W,u60," -C,,"G,""G*" , u

    R"Yn.?n"d'"0-"

    Oo,"4."$o"T,"Ir',"!r""&,9*u8,.

    TJrsr.0n'f , ,II-'h",?0,'b.;tro,T,C,, 'h,.,o*h";

    AnoFnoG,o5-oZno.1,.i["o

    \.L"$, 'oK, .oqr*.6ro

    r&nuiL"

    Onu

    to, ,R.u0oo"Pt, 'G,"u6*u

    0"Jn'Inu

    M,uJ,n,q..@ou,

    tr,So,$r r ,

    iL.,.9-,Gru

    I.,

    -En"

    Onu Gnn" G."n /In"

    Bru

    To nvo).o rat otyp1lav nou emvinoe o Sequoyah yn tnv an66oon ou apdv mE yfuito-oaE tat Toeprju.

    ornpo, Fs to ouMcB

  • NPOTYNA KAI AANEIA TPAMMATA

    KoporlKri yi,oooo, ritov npoqovr,rg epnveuopivo on

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    +! +ar4! ort ts *rl ul+01 nl Lll' J + dE Ho l+01 nlu ltF0ll{-|0{lrlE *ex1 gtil -e xl*l rlel ql ul

    doil.d +ts 4 ,rila+0t E}l{rOild,lfl e lLll

    {xlullXILlI

    oie uolrl Lll

    4 C A

    Kopeant

  • NPOTYNA KAI AANEIA |PAMMATA

    ro. H ypqgri eixs qvarrrl,xei rrplv ond ro 3000 fi.X. fin toq]pia, 6.500 xr-).r6petpo oro 6wrx

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    vdrrru{nq rrov rspoyf,.uqrr6v, rrop6).o rrou ro 6npd K-tripo rnq Aryi"rftou 0o su-voofoe rn 8roripnon npoyevdmeptov uerpopdrrov ypogrig xcr nopdtro nou ronopdporo Klipo rnq Xoupepiog ixer 6rcrnprioer ritp0oveq pop,upieq crro rnvovrirrrufn tnq ognvoer6orig ypogriq tov Xoupepirov po opreroriq or

  • NPOTYNA KAI MNEIA TPAM MATA 267

    Fo ofi6 troyoypdpporo, govnrrKd orlppo).o xor npoo8roprmrxri to onoio 6evnporpdpowov ----owohxd exorowd8eq {exropror

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATTAAI

    fiploplopivn mous ,\oyoprooporig tov ovoxt6pclv, 6nou to n.Lcioro ovotpo-pdq ror ro neproprotrrivo le{ 6yro xoOrmofoov rnv appnveio oogf. Aev ixer:nr(rioer xovrivo rxvoq xpriong oe .troyorexwx6 xeipevo. H lfuri\a xor n O6uo-oen mov npoi6vro ofv0eong ror petd6oong on

  • NPOTYNA KAI ANEIA |PAM MATA

    rov govnil"rov on

  • 270 ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    rnq fip6rpng ypogis 600 Kor or KorvovlKoi Kor qyporrKoi pnxovropor Yro rn6nproupyio y:opyrxrirv ni.eovoop

  • NPOTYNA KAI AANEIA TPAMMATA

    Kor rnv Kivq, 0o pnoporioov (oog, owi0ero pe 6,r owipn, vo eixov qrroxri-

    oer orimnpo ypoEriq i vo aixov ndpsr rnv r6io rnq ypogriq orrd aKaivo rc Ki-v-rpo, 6TIoq orprp

  • KEOAAAIO 13

    H pqr6po rqg ovdyxrlg

    trq 3 IouLiou 1908 or opxoro).6yor fiou rrpoypororrororioov ovooxogigmo cpxo(o prv

  • H MHTEPA THt ANATKHI

    xold) pe ogpoyi6eq or onoieq iEepov on6 6vo orippolo oe popgri ovriy.Lugourrjrrou. O ernmcluiq etxe xotri ro gorv6pevo dva ofvotro oopriwo niweo9pol6ov, pio yo x

  • 2?4 ON^A, MIKPOEIA KAiATIMI

    ro; hori smvori0nKa ourri n peo6oq sKrfnarons yfpo mo 1700 rI.X. mnvKprltn xor 6xr oa xrinoro

  • H MHTEPA THI ANA|KHT

    6ompegeiq rcr ex0prxfq mrq ol-troyiq. Auni rnv ew(mr,lon ixouv nol\o( Au-uxoi, ot onoior npoond0noov vo Bon0fioouv loor.iq tou Tpirou K6opou xorrehx

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    rrpoi6v rrou ixov Kcrd vou. Arloq Kol ixs gups0si pro ouoreuri, o eEeu-pirnq dnpene vo pper ror6mv yro otrrf ptc egoppoyti. M6vo rimepo on6xprion yro opxet6 6rdmnpo,

  • H MHTEPA THT ANATKHT

    To 1905, ro ouroKivnro ritav oxdpo oxprp

  • 2?A ONAA, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    gnUp Tnv orpollrlxorri ro 1769>, rmodOercr epnvedpevoq ond tnv noporn-pnon rou orpof nou pyorve on6 to m6pro mg tocpdpog. Auoruxoq yro rov0outr.rdoro ow6 pr10o, o Watt mnv npoyponx6tnto mipe tnv r6io yro rn 6rrrirou orry

  • H MHTEPA THI ANATKHI

    vor oq fispignpor gsupirsq trxov lKovorjq rrpo6p6Fouq Kor 6rq66xouq KorTrpoypcTonoinoov rlq psi.Tloosls Touq o Flo srroxn [ou n Kolvovio riTov r-Kqvri vo xpnorporrouioar ro rrpoidv rouq.'Ofioq 0o 6otipe, n rpoyo6io tou ri-paro/npr,li6oq nou te.Leronoinoe trg orppoyi8ag or onoieq xpnorponoui0nrcvyo ro 6ioxo rng

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    orloeofv vq urro.Loyioouv qv eo prropofoov vq eivar xpfolFo oTnv Korvoliornq Nioq lourviog. To rovoeppororJ"no onotetrouv erJ'xoln nepirrrroon: {cvo-xpnorponoroin ror r.LrKd t,rq 6oxeio. ho

  • H MHTEPA THI ANATKHI

    Kd K-Ldopo (rn pev(ivn) alq dvo overn0rlpnto xqrdlorrro -6clq

  • ONM, MII(POSIA KAI ATIAAI

    ndpsl ro dvoFd rou on6 ro i{r

  • H MHTEPA THI ANATKHT

    I6}(pnepr ituxa vq nopeupioxowor mn pdxn rriq Topiqo mnv lonovic,onou or Apcpeg xpnorponoinoov r

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    psolrexvisq Ko1 d-tr-Lor vdFor rrspi rrvsuponKris r8roKrnoioq, rrou rrpoororu-ouv ro 8tKor(,)porq flveuFortKriq rsroKTnoioq rov sgupsr6v, srlrppqpsljouvrnv Korvoropic mov otiprpovo Amrr6 Kdopo, evrir n onouoio riTorog rrpo-mooioq mn oriyxpor,'n Kivo tnv ono0cpprJwer. (3) Or orlxpoveq propnxorrraqxorvovieq nopxouw exteropdveq euxorpfeq yro rexvo).oyrxrl sxrroi6euon,6nog owiporve mo peoot:nxd Ioldp oli.ti 6xr o'ro o(lxpovo Zoip. @) Oorlyxpovoq r

  • H MHTEPA THI ANATKHI

    rou A' flol.Koopiou flo-trapou syKorviooov o-trdK-Inpo vio [s6io rnq rsxvolo-yiog. Or rr6.LIror 6poq pnopoliv enionq vo emqipow ooporlKri ovcioxeonmnv rewo.Loprn ovcirrruln. (2) Ioxupcir ouyxrwprolx

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    prrd rrops].0dv rnq 6nFroupyios rou K6oFou, Kor 6sv srnKlrpdrvowor osnpamrofq rpdnoug pe touq onoiouq vo peln

  • H MHTEPA THI ANATKHI

    6erx0ei noLU 6extxig, ixow uroOerio:r ern-Lerrrxci {ivo ri0n ror texvo}.oyregror to ixow evo

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    K6v sgsupiosov nspdoppdvsl rlq Oripeg Oe{opevov oe 6rrirpuryeq, ro xwooi-6npo, rn yedrrpnon pd0ouq, trg npoxtrxdg ooyig (6tov, tnv m:pitr6o, tougxoprceroriq, tn po1.r'nnx.ri nu{i6o, to xrvnt

  • H MHTEPA THI ANATKHI

    Opropivaq epeupdoerg ovo6rj0nroy roteuOeiov oud ro xerpropd oxorepyo-orov Euorx6v utrrrr,tv. Titoreq qsupioslg ovonnlxOnxov ovet

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    xvoi.oyl6v rlou, Kord Tnv opxordTnro, 6ro660nxov npog to ovoto].tr

  • H MHTEPA THI ANATKHI

    Klvs

  • 292 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    orrd rrol-Lofq orrpdplsrrrouq rropdyowtg. K

  • H MHTEPA THI ANATKHI

    ooplvd To rrupopdlo

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    o!-rc rrrqpyd

  • H MHTEPA THI ANATKHI

    A.116 trg i{r cwig on6qerq, o xotcoxeuomrig rou 6iorou tng @otmorj, osoxion pe tov fowrppippo, eixr mn 6rri0eori rou notrri i.rydtepo lorupq rs-xvoloyiaq, ome vo nq ouv8u

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIIAI

    n).eimov, n xivnon outri ouv6e6rov pe rnv uro0tnon rnq nopcyoyrig rpo-qrig, rrou cncrrorioe vc nopopfvoupe xow

  • 297

    Ioyio, 6r6tr or rorvovieq noui.I-Louv oe peyti,\o Bo0p6 oq npoq ro xcrvor

  • ON^A, MIKPOEIA KAI ATIMI

    pfpoq rnq 6r

  • H MHTEPA THI ANA|KHI

    Ilivoxoq 13.1. Or at9pdnttor nln9uoyoy''ttov wrcipau

    'Hneryoc Iltrn9voydg to 1990 Efirgdeeta(tapayowrci xtfudperpa)

    Eupooio xor pdpero AgprKri(Eupooio)

    (Bdpro AqpKi)

    B6pero ror Ndtro Apeprrri

    Yrroooxdplo Aepl(ri

    Aumpoi.io

    4. r20.000.000

    (4.000.000.000)

    ( 120.000.000)

    736.000.000

    535.000.000

    r8.000.000

    62.678.000(ss.685.000)

    (6.993.000)

    42.476.000

    23.569.000

    7.770.000

    neproxdq or onoieg oripepo nopdyouv tov peyo.\r.nepo 6'yxo rpogipov 0c npi-rrr vo rirov nopoyoyxq fiproxfq Kor ylo rouq rwnyofq-rpogoou]-].ixteqflprv on6 10.000 xp6r'ro. Or 8rorgopdq cDq npoq rous utrn0uopofq afvot xru-flnriq: o nln0uopdq tng Eupooioq (ouprrepr-Lcppovop6r.nq xot rnq p6pslos

    Arpprrriq) sivol oJ66v 6 gopdq peyo-hjt:poq on6 sKivov rov cpaprKovrKovnrrsipov, o)6dv 8 Eopdq peyo-lwrpos ond sKsivov rnq Agprrriq ror 230 go-pig psyo.\urspoq 0116 eKivov rng Auorpo-Lioq. Or peyo.L{"repor nln0uopoionpoivow rrsproo6repoug erpeup6reg xot rreproodrrpeq ovroyr,.rlronxq peta-

    {rj toug rorvovieq. Au6 p6voq rou o llivcxoq 13.1 qnysi oe peyd.\o po0pd

    tnv npodleuon trov mrpop6i.rov 6rr.Lrov xor rou otooitof mnv Eupooio.O.Leq cut6g or owinereq po tnv eprpcivron rnq rexvo.Loyioq on6 ng 6ro9o-

    piq rov nnaipov roq npog rnv ixroon, rov u).n0uop6, rnv euxolio rnq 6t

  • KEOAAAIO 14

    An6 rov e{roarrrop6 orqv r i lentoxporio

    o 1979, zvrl nerofoo pe gilouq reponomdlouq n

  • ANO TON E:I INTIIMO ITHN KAENTOKPATIA

    mliporo qoyoEov fipooplnrlKig eKgpdostq praqf rouq, irpepov onci opyriKor orroyorirsuon xor popor.ioov to iOogoq pe ro rorKotipto rouq. H iwoonowsxlqdTov rot

  • 302 ONAA, MIKPOBIA KAI ATTMI

    IlivcxcA 14.1. Tjror roryanrdt

    Opd6a Apxflfia Kpdtog

    MitrnApr0p

  • ANO TON E:IIATIMO ITHN KAENTOKPATIA

    Opdda @otri Apxnyta Kp.iroc

    Opnoreia

    NoFrporrori Tnv xtre-

    Ottcotopia

    flopoyoyri rpogiq

    KorovoFi rpyooioq

    Awol-\oy6g

    'E.lep)

    opxny6S

    oulTavslo

    prKpriqxlipoxog

    oxl -t vol

    dx1

    vol -+ oxt

    El.tOTIKIi

    ovo6lovepn-rrKds ((Ed-poo))

    6r

  • 304 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAIATIAAI

    drt ixer roveiq rord vou trg nopon

  • ANO TON E:IINTIIMO lTHN KAENTOKPATIA

    \"r'omfi oq lle6ui6eq tov Arpvrov. Exei e{oroi.ou0r'r vo ouvawct 8reupupivegoxoydvereq, or onofeq onore-\oirvror 0116 psplKodq *riirreg pe ro or,r'rnpou-pevo nor6rci rous Kol rouq ydpoweq, Trou Eouv oe npooroprvri npdxapo Ko-roltiporo xor

  • ONM, MIKPOEIA KAI ATIIAI

    ol no.hrlmrKoi ov0porro-Ldyor 0o 6pr(ov r,lq gutri -6nlo6f, pro opd6o perorlri y.trrirooo xor notruop6. ho nop

  • ANO TON E:I IOTIIMO ITHN KAENTOKPATIA

    dxr ov nepr,\oppcivar pepxiq xr-Lr

  • ONM, MIKPOEIA KAI ATIMI

    mo (610 si6os Kohtpoq, gopd ro i6lo poixo Ii KoolniForo, Ii ivor tqioou W-pv

  • ANO TON E:IIOTIIMO ITHN KAENTOKPATIA

    I6vrpn Hproi-Lnvo ror ytpo mo 1000 n.X. mn Meooopeprxri rcor rrq Av6erg.Aq e{erdooupe to 6rorprtrx

  • 3 1 0 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIAAI

    n Odi.oooo ritov opxrr

  • ANO TON E:IIOTIIMO ITHN KAEflTOKPATIA

    yo0ov poq rlpo6pxror 0116 oyopiq Kor rro.Iriosrs dvowr xpnpdrov oitrrgovo

    ;re to v

  • 3!2 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    0o npinet n.Liov va eivor oo

  • ANO TON E:I IQTIIMO ITHN KAENTOKPATIA

    ol KlsrrroKpdrsq ixow xorogllryer oe ivo Booxd paiypo teoocipov }foetov:l. Agon\ime ro ].06 Kor on-trio-re rnv lir. Aurd ivol fiof,.rj euro).d'repo

    ornv anoxri poq, ps ro 6n\o urynllq rsxvo.Loyioq -tc onoiq ncp

  • 3 !4 ON^^, MIKPOEIA KAI ATIMI

    0pnoreieq. H nimn 6pr,lg trov op

  • ANO TON E:I IATIIMO ITHN KAENTOKPATIA

    ).r6petpo. fvr':pi(oupe ftor drr yripo mo 3700 n.X. epgovimnxov rpcirn mnMeoonoropio xor yripr,l mo 300 n.X. mn Meooopeprxn nprv on

  • 316 ON^A, MIKPOEIA KAI ATIMI

    H rpoEri rcpcy6rcv ond r6ooeprq e{er8rxeu;rveg opri6cq (xo}-trrepyntig 6n-pn'rptcrrirv, Boor

  • ANO -MN

    E:I IATIIMO ITHN KAENTOKPATIA

    psfolTqv urrnpdTq or orroior oKorjTn

  • ONM. MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    opd. Yrdpxow dpoq d.l-lo 6do 6w

  • ANO TON E:IIOTIIMO ITHN KAENTOKPATIA

    -ri, 6noq .Live or no,Lrrronroi ovOporno,L6yor nnproroyevoqo, rouriorrv xo-pfq tnv nopouoio onorou6ilote

  • 320 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    H Oeopio, mn owfxero, petotpiner ivov nopctnpnpivo r

  • ANO TON E:I INTIIMO ITHN KAENTOKPAIIA

    ond rls Karnyopiq our6s, proqr.i uLn0uqrori xor xotvr,lvtoxng noi.uli.ox6-rnros: yro uopri8erypo, opxnyieg pc noludpr0pouq ntrn0uoporig ono6etxvtjo-wol oq fllo orl'r

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    oFd8ov (6rroq rn 8rorpoqf pooxr,lv on6 to 6npnrproxci rov y:arpyurv xor rnperoBipcon (roov ond touq poorouq mouq yeopyor.iq yro xprion rouq roq (ro-rov dpoonq). Kqrd rnv nopeio tng rmopioq,

  • ANO TON E!IIN'TIIMO ITHN KAEflTOKPATIA

    arandqu{re. |Iatq pnopodp vo s6nyiooul.lr rnv spnsrprKrl rropqnipnon 6rln opydvoon rov opd8ov ri tov tpu.trov on.L

  • 324 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    ylo rnv 0116 Korvor.t In\rn orlogdosov Ko0io'rqwor oviqrKTss oe rrotrf FYo-i.(rrepeq xorv6tnreq. Ax6pn xot otiptpo, mnv noxi Ttov prKpogovov Kol Trovpeyogrirvr,lv, 6lot yvropi(oupe 6n pro opo6rrri ouv6.Ieuon 6tv eivor o rotd.L-.trn-Loq tp6nog 1'ro rnv eni.Luon (ntnp

  • ANO TON E:I IOTIIMO ITHN KAENTOKPATIA

    Etx

  • ONM. MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    Eu6vo 18. Kopy'ta harcpdpo awi rc rponxd pdpero 'tyiya mg NfunE Ayeptrhg

  • ANO TON E:I IOTIIMO ITHN K ENTOKPATIA 327

    ErK6vo 19. 'Atrpag an6 tn fn'rou Ilvp6g an6 rc v6tto tinpo tnq Nrjnag AyepuciE.

  • ONAA, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    Erxrivq 20, Awpag Kewola an6 ra openrd rcy Aydeay mg NmaE Ayeptrig,

  • ANO TON E:IINTIIMO lTHN KAENTOKPATIA

    Erx6vq 21. 'AtrpaE ard rn 6rmxi Eupdnn (Ioravia). Or ErK1vEC 21-24 ieinow piAnrftg ty6ouponaiKi1 ylaooxtiE otxoyAtetag, and ro 6wtx6 iytou tng EupaoiaE.

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    Erxdvq 22. 'A.l1og Awrcoeupanaiog: o npt6nv ry6e6poE Eapl wt Ircal mg IaMiag.

  • ANO TON E:IINTIMO ITHN KAENTOKPATIA

    Erx

  • 332 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    Err(

  • ANO TON E:IIATITMO IIHN KAENTOKPATIA

    EtK6yo 25, Iwaira Xduay at6 rnv'Epnyo Kalaxript rig Mnowoutita, ftna Atppnci.

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    Elr(dvq 26. Awpag X6wav and tnv'Epnyo Kalaxcipr mE Mnotoouciva, vdru Aqprci.

  • ANO TON E:IINTIIMO ITHN KAENIOKPATIA

    Erx6vs 27. Kopitor rav Iloyyalav an6 to AtiaoE bo{pr orov Ionyeprti ng Arpprcig

  • OflM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIAAI

    Erxdvq 28. Opa6a lluyyatiuv and n adooc lroupr orov lonyrptvo tng Aqpxhg.

  • ANO TON E:IINTIIMO ITHN KAENTOKPATIA

    Erx6vo 29. AvaroAtroaqprcavd piAog tng 'rerTooaxipnE y^rooarciE orcoybteng. AwpagNoiep anl to Zou5dy.

    337

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    E;x6vc 30. AyarcJtteaqpxav| yiTog tng arppoaontn

  • ANO TON E:IIOTIIMO ITHN KAENTOKPATIA

    Erxrivq 31. Attaroltroagptravd ptTog yng lr fitawoi vrynporo.ryrolteQrcig yAriooag:ywaira Ziwe roi Eov6dy.

  • ONM. MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    Erx6vq 32. Optlnrig pmg vynpororyrotreQrig pnawo{ yfuiooag: o np6edpog NiToot'MawiTa rng Ndnat AeprKiC.

  • ANO TON E:IINTIIMO ITHN KAENTOKPATIA

    ro-\-trriowor rrrprorooroKd plo rrpoooprvi cvoKoxri, Fq vq i.L0ow oro oUvo-po rnq prKpooKomxriq touq :nxpdteroq nporerpfvou vo cwoM

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAIATIMI

    Tspn Tsxvoi.oyio, ouyK}.rp{rvouv rn srporlorrKri roug 6fvoFn, KoTola}rpd-youv rrsproo6rspo Kar ropoyo].rKdrrpo r6dEn Kor ouwpipow Uio plo rrq ou-rdvopsq FrKpdrpes Korvolvisq.

    O owoyrovrop6q loru6v pero{li rorvovuirv suploKdpsvov mo i6lo ni-Trs6o ow0srdTnroq ouwri0oq o6nysi rrpoq xorvtovieq mo encipevo enine6oowoet

  • ANO TON E:IIOTITMO ITHN KAENTOKPATIA

    o6oov enr0ioerq evowiov rov .Leurr,rv ror vo 6ronpolpotewo{v pe tnv r

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    Dingiswayo, o onoioq rordi.ope rnv opxri ornv opxnyfo Mrrofo I'upcr mo1807 oKor6vowos ivcv cw(no.Lo. O Dingiswayo 6nproripynoa pro ro.Lr-fuepnouyKswporrKri o-rporrorlKn opyrivoon mpoto).oyrowoq viouq on6 6).o roxopr

  • ANO ION E:IIATIT'.,I0 ITHN KAENTOKPATIA

    rrln0uo;lxri nurvdrnrq, pe rpio m0ov

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    qspav firS ).errropipereq, o.l-L

  • TETAPTO MEPOI

    O TYPOE TOYKOEMOY EE

    E=I KEOAAAIAa t i

  • KEOAAAIO 15

    0 i lo6g roU Yal i

    t lfl rov n yworKo Fou, n Marie, xor eyo r

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI AT'MI

    rpo vspof nou sixs poo o qniKrnq Kqr

  • O AAOI TOY YALI

    0r neproo6repor pn ar6xoi 0o nepriypo

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    tloipq 15.1. Xtipmg mE reptoxig and rn vorloalrarollKi Aoia 6e tnv Avwpalia rarrn Nta loullta. C)t ouvextig ypaypig 6eixvoul rnv rapoioa ar

  • O ^OI TOY YALI

    6xr op

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIAAI

    opivous oul"ypogsig rou ri.Louq rou 19ou ord)vo vo rous 0eoprioouv oq roveMeinowc xpir

  • O MOI TOY YALI

    qJu{pd Yryifis6o rnq Nioq fourvdag. Mroporioov vo:ixov rpt

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI AIIMI

    0uo;roriq tng votroovcto).rrfq Aofoq, dnr,rq xo0imoror ooq6q ov ouyrpiverxoveig gr,rtoypogfeg Aumpo.\r6v ri xotoinr,rv tnq N6oq lourvicq ps qcrroypo-rpieq Iv6ovnoiov ri Krvi(ov. Ev piper, n crrio 6-trrov owrirv rrov 6rcqopc-rv e(-vor 6tr or opxrroi cor

  • O AOI TOY YALI

    rno 4npiq. To pyq-\i'rpo pipoq rnq NdoS lourvicq 6ix:tor r

  • ONM. MIKPOBIA KAI ATIAAI

    rrplv on6 5.000 xpdvrc nepinou, yeyovdq nou rmo6arrwfer erxipooon 6oor,ivpo yecopyrxri xoMripyero.

    Xripepo, or onpowx6tepeg ye

  • O AOI TOY YALI 359

    Tov ].iyov relsurqiov qlovov, FTd Tnv srocycll-li Tng mlq QlLlnrrivS orrdrouq lorlovofq. ArIo{ xor egoromci0nKt orn Nio foulvio, n y.}.uxonot

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIA I

    or ofioior oviTrru6ov rlto or.ivosTn Ts)r'vo.Lol'1o, KorvoviS Kol rrotrrTrKJi opyd-voon. Zow oe F6vlFouq orKlopofq xoprd)v Kor EutrsrrKig Korvo\,'rS, outivdufi6 rnv nysoio v6q psydl.ou

  • O MOI TOY YALI

    rrnpavo 8rorroLdyro orouq ovOporrouq 6,\ov rov uqropirpov, oMd eniongrrporoOolioov Kor rnv lrplqspsrorri oxovopxri ror no.hlxti evonoinon.

    ho d.Louq oworiq rouq l6youg, o rr.trr0uop

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    N6oq lourviog xtopi(ovrov on6 tn Nio lourvio pe u6dtrvo xtlopcto, evor pe-xpr nprv cn6 liyeq xr-hetieq rirov 6].ot ox6pn i.ry6tepo nponpdvor on6 tnNio lourvdo oq rrpoq rnv renro.Loyro xor tnv ncpcytoyti tpogriq (r6ioq oeoxion pe rc Yqrine6c tnq Nioq lourvioq). And toug tpetq cworiq yei, oveq, otApopiyveq tnq Aumpo-L(og nopipervov r

  • O MOI TOY YALI

    o prKpd xoprd, fioeroopivo yro rnv ov4oprnoio rouq, Kor xpnorForrororjoovox6po .LiOrvo epyo.Leio.

    Evr'l .Lorn6v n nprrinerpog rng Mei(ovoq Aumpo-Lioq Ndo lourviq qvrruooa

    t6oo rnv rrnvorporp(c doo ror rn yeopyio, n nprriuerpoq Aumpoi.io 6ev o-virrrufe rcpio ond nq 6rio. Korci rn 6rcipxero r

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    To

  • O AOI TOY YALI 365

    Eoo ro onoio prropofoov vo oKoro0oilr Kqt vq qoyo0otjv

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI AIIMI

    md0Fn rou vrpoi oviporvs Kor Kor6porvs, dprrcrvov oe trertouppo noy(6eqoe 6r

  • O AOI TOY YALI

    6poon ;rero{r.i toug. Awi0rro, n Auorpolio rrov Apopiyrvrov ouoprr(6rov on6pro 0

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATTMI

    ntrrotri oxdrpn r

  • O MOI TOY YALI

    ripouq, Frropi vo nnydEsr y Fipr ond q rn6pdors rnq orroFdvoonq Kqrrou n.LnouoprKoti pyieouq rrdvo o.Inv ovdrrruqn Kol rn 6rorripnon rnq rs-xvo.Loyioq ----drroq itov or em6p

  • ON^A, MIKPOEIA KAI ATIMI

    prxriq Kol Wali oq prropstpora, ol-ki or ABopiyrveg ou6note ipo0cv voxotooxaud(ow or i6ror owd to ei6n. Or ABopiyrveq mipcv cn6 toug roroi-xouq tof MoKoodp opropiveq 6dveieq li(crq, opropiveq reletouppeg xcr rrqtexvrxdg olronoinong tov ororprov rono

  • O MOI TOY YALI

    oq pros filiprDs ovsrrrunrt'vnq Korvovios p worlKri ysopyro Kor xoipoug 16xlLrdFarpo ofid rrq oKrfq rnq Aumpo-Lioq. Xrnv npoyporx6rnto, or Apop(p-veq rou Axpornpiou fropx rng Aumpoi.ioq ouSfnote eixov 6er x

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIAAI

    .Lio, nr0ovdroro e{ortioq tnq ampporiq rov y}.tooorirv rnq Nioq foutvioq. Toonpowrx6r:po nptilporo nou peti8aroe n Niq louvdo ftov to oyxiorpro o-).reioq cn6 6orpoxo, to onoio 6ro6

  • O AOI TOY YALI 3?3

    wo p6-Lo rnq yeoypag(oq orn 6ld6oon rou ov0p6rnvou fiollrlol.rou Kqr rnqt:xvo).oy(oq.

    Anopdver vo e{etdooupe ttg ouvowioerq r

  • 3?4 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    Kov on6 ourd, o.l-Ld 6xr mn poQxri x-tripoxo nou e{o.}.60peuoe ro peyolirre-po pipoq rov rOoyevtirv tng Aumpo.\ioq Kor rt,lv ol.lsplKavrxrirv nneipov.

    H eurr.rxiq orlprrroon po touq rorofxouq mg Nioq lourviog fitov 6tr 6evwfptov p6npeg eyroroor

  • O AAOI IOY YALI

    KuppvnrrKotiq 0coporiq oro npdtuno r

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    or rno rrcpoyclyrKiq ri ydrrpeq neproxiq pnoporiv rom6oo vo mnpi{ouv tnveuponoixri yeopyio. H yaorpyio mnv erixpotn (6vn tnq Auo'rpo).ioq ruprop-xeitor ofpepo onti nq rupuitepeg xol-Lrpyereg rng supcorcrrKris tfrporng(rirvnq, ro ortdpr ('rnv xupr6tepn ro-Itrripyero tnq Aumpctricq), to xpr0tipt, tn

    Bpr.,rpn, ro pri-Lc xcr to mo

  • O MOI TOY YALI 3 7 7

    06opo. Or xupr6tepeq govxiq ooOdverag or ouoirq poprupoirlrcr rirov n eu-).oyr

  • KEOAAAIO 16

    f l6q n Kivo 6yrve xrve(rrr1

    no6oxri perovomolv, 0errxiq 6ror

  • 379

    Iv6ioq), norpi8eg rrapinou oKroKooiov nevriwo, r{oKooiov eB6opnrro xor8raxooiov 6ir

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIAAI

    n Nio lourvio, ps iKroon pxp6rpn 0116 ro 1/10 rnq Kivog xor pe pdvo nepi-nou 40.000 xp

  • NAI H KINA ETINE KINEZIKH

    I8ro(repo 6rciouopro xotovepnpivn rivor n oxoyivero prriou-yrtiou (ri o-\-,\rcirq xpovyx-prev), mnv onoio l.r

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

  • NNI H KINA ENNE KINEZIKH

    t)oiFo 16.1. (aptorcpi oetrida) Ot ufooeptE ylaoorctg orKofiyE| tnE Kivag rat mEvonoattarctr trig Ao{ag.

    DqiFo 16.2. (nrivo) Zuyxpova rcLrnti owopa otr atmoltni rat vonoavarclrci Aoia"yn mtt eppnvey'a mE rataltoyig rat yl"ooorxriv orKoyeyeli)y ro1) Zxliltaro1 16.1.

    Mol"yolia .-.-.i'' a

    tL,

  • ONAA, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIAAI

    mpavoLle rnv roropxd 1.vofiri y.trooorKri stdrr.Loon rov rslruloiov xl} s-rrdrv. AerJrepov, pnoporipe vo 6ro'nmr,looupe to oul-Lopopd dn n ftrop{n oi-

    trrepa ueproxriv pe pio povoSrxri yLroooo ri oul"yevrrrl y.Lr,loorrci op

  • NOI H KINA ENNE KINEZIKH

    oouv ro olTlxd, rn vio yl6ooo rnq rrlerov6rnrog. Or

  • ON A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    orn Bdperq Kivo, ol-trri xor pri(r mn v

  • NAI H KINA ETINE KINEZIKH

    S TIou rlpodpxol.ror orrd eKri. Oordoo, euponoix

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    Kri ypoqf Kor ro onplrrK6 olg

  • NNI H KINA ETINE KINEZIKH

    Mioo mo ntroioto tng ovo'ro,\rruiq Aofoq, ro npoBri8rotrro tnq Kivoq ogTrpoq rnv nopoyoyri rpoqriq, rnv rexvo.\oyio, rn ypogi xor tn ouryrp

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIAAI

    xdoow rrs y.trr,iooeg toug xor tn oopotrxi rcr yevenni touq r6rorrep

  • KEOAAAIO 1Z

    Me roxUnfloo ornv l1ofluvr1oio

    tmopio tc,rv r.norrov rou Erpnvrrof rnorafto 6tr neprr-treietor oe evoneprmotrr6 nou owipn 6rov rperg ry6ovnoror gi,\or pou ror eyro prri-xope oe ivo xotdmnpo mnv T(oyonoupo, mv npt'lre fouoo rng rv6o-

    vnoroxriq Niog fourvioq. To ov6poro rtov rpii.rov pou rirov Achmad, Wiworrar Sauakari, xot to xot

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    flopd to yiho, oro0ovdpow'rnv unoB6orouoo iwoon. O Achmad fitov o-nd tnv Idpo, o Ping Wah Krvi(oq, o Wiwor qrd ro Yyine8o tnq Nioq lourviog xor o Sauakari on6 to Bo0ime6o mg B6perog oxtriq tng N6oq lourviog.Or Iopi(or xupropxoriv pioo mnv rv8ovnoroxri xuBpr.non, n onoio npoo

  • ME TAXYNAOO ITHN NOAYNHIIA

    rcKivnonq ovep6rrov qfid Tnv nrrarporrrui Aoio mov Erpnvrx6. Or opaoiproroupnotprr,rreg 'rori Wiwor nr0ovdtoro r

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIAAI

    mrlporrxd mS Aoiog, orn Xpo6vnoo rnq Mo.loroioq xor oe prrporig Oflo-xeg oro Brwdp ror tnv Kopn6r(n, xow

  • ME TAXYNAOO ITHN NOAYNHIIA

    xri Iv8ovnoio e6rir r

  • ONAA, MIKPOBIA KAI ATTMI

    rv6ri6slq yrc rn 6ro6popri owfq rnq tmon0iper.nq ouorpovnotoruig e{tin}.o-ong. Otr6x-trnpn n oumpovnotorri y).ooorrui orxoyvero or.op:lluot, ar'6 959ylcloosg, ot onoieq xopi(owor oe tiooeprq unoorroyivereq. Mio 6pog ondcwig ttg tmoorxoyivareq, nou ovopd(eror po-LcronoLurnoror

  • ME TAXYNAOO ITHN NOAYNHIIA

    orq cvep6rrc,lv Kqr rro.Llrlol.uKd Txvoupytiporo fiou 0o pnoporioov vo ouoxe-trmoiv pe yLr,rooeq. Oroq ror mov un6lorrro x6opo, to peyo,\r,rrpo papoqtou onpeprvori nloroiou rng oumpovnoroxriq emrp

  • OflM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    Mioo oe pio xrtrrerio nepinou petri rnv dtpr{n tou notrrtro;rof To-nev-rdvyx mnv ToiB

  • ME TAXYNAOO I ]HN I IOAYNHIIA

    txilro 17.2. Ot indpoytE tnq auorpotnonxig e[fu\coonE, ye xani rpooiyyLon rpo-voToyitg tiq$nE ot rcii9t rtptoxri. 4a-Bdprto, 413-Kdifn, 4y=Try6p (ylpa oro 2500n.X.). Sa-Xaipaxfpa (ytipr,t oro 1600 tr.X.). Sp=ldpa, Sy-Zsepfirpa (yipro oto 2000n.X.). 6a=Apxni|ol,oE Mnioyapr (yipo oro I600 r.X.). 6lJ=Xpodt'noog Malaoiag,6y=Btavdl (yipo oro )000 n.X ). 7-Nnorti nu EoToltivroE (ylpo o'ro 1600 n.X.).S=ttiwct Kpout, 9y=Tdtyxrt, 9d=Xlirr Kri,Lrdor:ra (llpa oro 1200 LX.). l1p-NnotO trtEtatpt/dg, 10y=Nn6rd Koux, 11d-ApxtntAulog Touoltdtou (loE att'fuaq y.X.).

    or i6ror pnopoiw vo xpnorponorrioouv dvo oro

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    rrou dgepcv rov vso.L1elx6 rloLlrropd omv Toip

  • ME TAXYNAOO TTHN NOAYNHIIA

    ewe Inpopotivo]). H orixpron rrov q0o11.rrov paorrrtooeov rou ixouv rmo-mei or 8r

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    6ev pnopei vo cvooumoOei xopio Li{n mnv nprorooumpor.notoxri. Or yloo-orxiq poptupieq -Lorndv rmo8exWow 6n noMig tponx6q xo}-Ldpyereqnpomi0nxcv oro ouorpor.norox6 penept6pro petri tn petcv

  • ME TAXYNAOO ITHN NO YNHIIA

    oolorrKri Kqr n prdou-l.rdou 0eopoin'ror oq or y.Lr,loorxq orxoyiveuq or nh-orimepeg rlpoq ro oumpovnoroxci. Evo .lorn6v or oumpovnoroxiq yi.riro-oaq ornv Kivo pnopai vo pnv eni(noov rnq eud.Loonq rrov ruve(xrov 6wo-merov, opropveq on6 trg o6ei,

  • ONM, MIKPOEIA KAI ATIA I

    oror igrcocv mnv fisproxri rnq Noq lourvioq, ol,tr

  • ME TAXYNAOO ITHN NOAYNHIIA

    pr psyoh,Tpn orrorelsopcrrKdrnro orr' 600 rq oumpovnoloKd yovi6lo, peofioritrsopo or rrsproodTspor KdTorKol rov Mniopopr ror ttov Nnortiv touXolopclwoq vo trlloirv oipepo oumpovnoroxig yloooeq, nopd).o nou n e{

  • ON^A, MIKPOSIA KAI ATIMI

    ixer Bpe0ei oe pic pdvo 0ion (mo Aitdrrs) mn pdpero or

  • ME TAXYNAOO ITHN NOAYNHIIA

    Mniopopr

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    Kor ma vnord Apori xar Kir ('ro onoic ppioxowor 110 ps 130 xlLr6Fsrpo ofidtn v6ro oxtri'mq 6unxriq Ndoq lor,rvioq). Or Auo-rpovrioror srxov.Lorn6v mn6r

  • ME TAXYflAOO ITHN NOAYNHTIA

    6].q qurd ro yovi6ro e{ei.ix0nrov ove{

  • 410 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    rlsproodrepo 0116 ro i6ro xopqKrnpurKd onpd6lo (p oqloonpiorn s6oips-on rnv KpoFrKi) spqovi

  • ME TAXYNAOO ITHN NOAYNHIIA

    6don ppoxig tnq poperoovoroLrxrrg Toil

  • KEOAAAIO 18

    I fyrpouoq nprogorpirov

    peyctrwepn n-\n0uoprni owrxotrioroon tov te.Leuroiov 13.000 erovtmrip{e ereivn lou npoixuye ond tnv npdogotn o(lxpouon ovdpe-oc orrq xorvrovieg tou floi.ororj r

  • IYTKPOYIH HMIIOAIPION 413

    ol u8porpoxoi Kol 01 ovsF6Futror vo owrKo0lo-tofv ro on].omtKd rnq Eupo-oioq Kord Touq poorovlKofq xp6vouq, sKivo orrorslofoov srrionq rn onFowlKdrpn rrnld Tnq (propD{ovrKriq> rnq vdpyslosr rripo ofld Tnv (]vop(,]rn!.npuiKi 8fvopn -yro rrqpd6ryFo, yrq ro ydpropo rng putrdnsrpoq Kqr rn -trsr-roupyiq rov u6poKlvnrov oyr,'\rorripov. Awi0ero, or opeprrovrriq nnapor6ri0etov I p6vo ei6og pyd-\ou {npspopivou 0n-Loorxori, to l

  • 414 ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIIAI

    nopoyoyri quuKov rpoqov, nop6l,o nou s6ci n ovto6rnrq rirov trry

  • IYTKPOYIH HMIIOAIPIQN

    rotwor yro rn ouwfipnon rnq ropoyoydq rpogriq o Fsydlss sKrdors rovopsprKo\rK6v nflsipov, fltov to i6ro ro r{npepropivc (

  • 416 ON A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    Krpgdprvo

  • IYTKPOYTH HMIIOAIPIQN

    ouUrloyiq orodh fi oi-trroq on6 q,Luo6nlKro Or,rporo. Xrn 0ion rou oroq-trr-oti, ot l0oyvsiq Apepxovoi xpnorpoTrolofoov p6no.Lo xor rorKoripro orrd ns-rpo d qflo (oe pepxiq rprmorosrq, mrg Av6erq, 0116 xa.h{6), oqw6vsq, 16-

    [o, Bdln ror qoporioov ugoopdtrvouq 0clpoxeq. 6.].q ourd owrmofoov no].f,\ry

  • 414 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATTMI

    TUpiTor n xpfon rpox6v rropd Fdvo os FErKovrKd Tlri-Lrvq rlotxvi8ro Kor o-0rlppoto.

    H tei.awoio texvoloyrni rrruri nou npiner vc cvcgep0si eivor or OoLdo-oreg percEopig. IoMiq rorvorreq tng Eupooioq ov6rml{ov pey

  • IYTKPOYIH HMIIOAIPIQN

    o Treproxis TnS MsooopsprKriq sKT6q s6ouoios rov AETiK(,)v Kor orrg voTlo-ovoro,\lKiq HflA. To uno.l,orno rov oprplKqvlKov nnr rptov rirov opyovopivo

    ;r

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    flivoxog 18.1. Inopxtq ryoxttE rng Eupaoy'ag Ka1 ra1/ apEplKalaKiu nneipuv

    Xpototroyla wo9trnang rati npoaiyyon Etpaoia

    ftit4rnHpntlntog

    Kiva Ayylia

    E{np6paron grn6v

    EqnFfpoon 46ovKepoprxri

    Xopld

    ApxnYies

    Eupeio 6rd6oon pe rotr-Lu

  • IYTKPOYTH HMIIOAIPINN

    I0ayewig tng Apeprcig

    At6ery Aya(o1/ia Mtooayeptxi Avatotrrxtg HIIA

    drq ro 3000 n.X.

    3500 Tr.X.

    3100- 1800 n.X.

    3t00-1800 n.X.

    69 ro 1500 n.X.

    1000 F.X.log ol6voq r.X.

    - log or

  • ON^A. MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    Onclq ei6ope oro Kegti.loro 5 xor 10, triyeg neproxiq o

  • IYTKPOYIH HMIIOAIPINN 423

    Fqovl

  • ONAA, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    6npntprord, ritov 6ro0iorpo moug npr,rtoug ye

  • IYTKPOYIH HMIIOAIPION

    Kot

  • ONAA, MIKPOEIA KAI ATIMI

    lrxof or onoieg xopr(cv rn Meooopaprxri ond rtq xotvovieq tov vono6wt-xclv xor trov vonocvqrotrK6v HnA' rlg qnpfs neproxig tot Ti{oq nou xt'tpr-(ov rrg vorro8urrriq on

  • IYTKPOYIH HMIIOAIPINN

    Kof oumdporoq ypoqiq. Awiorro, ro povo6rKd ouoriporo ypoqliq rou Nd-ou K6opou, sKsivo rnq Meooopeprrdg, ou6inore 6ro660nxov mrq orJv0et:qxorvovieq tov Av6e

  • 428 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIA./

    Ilivoxog 18.2. Elti ann ylaooritv orov Ilalaft Kioyo

    Xpol/ololio(erctiynon)

    naoanolorcoytnerci ykiooa ErinI@on

    Ardrepn &Jvaynrpo60nong

    6000 rr.X. ti4000 n.X.

    6000 n.X.-2000 u.X.

    4000 r.X.-oIiFpo

    lY6oupt,rnoiKri

    eLopo6poP16rxri

    orvo0tPenovri

    OuKpovio i Avorolio-r Eupdrnn, xewptriAofq, Iv6iq

    Ipdv -t lv6io

    uqrineOo @rPdr, P6petoKivo -) vdTro Kivo,rponrxri votroovo_rohtxriAorq

    v6Tro Kivo -) Iv6ovnoio,vnord Etpnvrxou

    Nrynpio ror Kotrpoiv-+ vdrio AeplKIi

    v6Tro Kivo -J Tponxnvorroovototrrxri Aoiq,Iv6iq

    v

  • IYTKPOYIH HMIIOAIPIAN

    rori rlq reqysvsiq aFprKovrKas y.troooq, sKr6q ofid rrs soKrlloo,\ourrKdqKcr rn vo-wiv, os pio Fovo6lKri Fsyd.Ln olKoyiylo, ps ro ovopo opplv6r-xri, pe nrpinou 6cl6rxo uroorxol rvrrrc.

    Opropivaq on

  • 430 ONM, MIKPOEIA KAI ATTAAI

    prKovrxiq firrpor po

  • IYTKPOYIH HMITOAIPION

    Xripc 18.1. H ornv6wapxi elirltoon ani m Noppqia otol pdpero Arlavnni, yexpovoloytry i rati rpooelyon xpovoloyhE dgtlnE oe rui9e rtproal.

    vny

  • 432 ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    n prKpooKofirKri ourri Kol rrpr0oproKri qrrolKio vo ouyrnpriol Flq 6epsfvn-on, KoTdKrnon Kor srlorKropd T(,v oprplKqvlKolv nrrripolv rirqv Un6vlK6S.Ax6pn xor o povo6rx6g orovSrvoprr

  • 433

    ornKov Kor errov8po0nKov ornv i6ro rnv Ionovio plopouoov vo u-Letioouv coqtrq Auruig Iv6iag 6rv unnpx rinorr roo8uvopo pe ro o6rdfo6o ro ouoio8nproupyri0nre mn fpor.\ov6fo xor invr{e ror- onorxropri rov Noppnyrov. Orrorrovrriq onorrieg otov Neo Koopo ollr'ropo ouvo6e!-rnxov xor on

  • 434 ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    Ko-Lrg6pvroq opxrr

  • TYTKPOYIH HMIIOAIPION

    !"uKqrdoroon rou rrollrlollot Kol rov yl(l)oo6v aouq ond sKivg rou flo.Lol-ori Kdopou. And ttq rxorow

  • KEOAAAIO 19

    f l6q n Atpptrt i 6ytve poUprl

    ve{

  • NAT H AOPIKH ETINE MAYPH

    l,lo rov orrofo ernKwpalvoup Tnv npoooxi Foq l6lKd o oLrrd To 6e6opvo:ot potipor onotelofv touq povo6rxoUq r0oyeveiq rnq AgprKriq pe touq oroi-ouq sivor e{orKeropivor or neproootepor Apreptr

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    0r ndwe nipuq ov0p

  • NOI H AOPIKH ENNE MAYPH

    ll.aof rns Aepuois (to l,{0O FJ.)

    Enipo 19.1. B).. reipevo oxeurd ye ug emguMle4 6oot, aqopd mn nepryparprt mgrantoyig rov aqptratnxriv Tativ ye 6pouc Wdpryov alfui rpoplnpanrc|v opa6onoui-oeav.

    6lo owti , 6r6n ixow mo ovorrr6xpopn em6eppi6o xcr mo ioropo.l-Lr

  • ONAA, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIAAI

    Awi0ero, or 6do en6peveg opti6eq, or fl,1loior xor or X6roov, nepd.oppci-vow xwnyofq-tpoEooul-i.ixteq xopiq xol-Lrepyoripevo ei6n i xrnvorporpio.'Onoq or pofpor, or lluypoior ixouv oxoripo enr6eppi6o xor otprxr

  • NOI H AOPIKH ETINE MAYPH

    ritov ti.LLore e{on.Lopdvor mq 6don rou Ionpeprvof irog 6rou erroniornxovror onopovdrOnxov pe tnv dgr{n rrov pofpr,rv yopyov. H naproni tov X6t-oov tnq v6troq Agprrnq eivor ewunooror

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    Tnv nepin.Loxn nno(oxegctrr

  • NAI H AOP KH ETINE MAYPH

    Ixr' ipo 19.2. fAaoou

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    Apxu

  • NAI H AOPIKH E|INE MAYPH

    Kp

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    6rxdq tnq o1'yhxiq 6roldrcoug. Av 6av lvropi(cpa tinora d-tr-Lo yro rlq Koro-vopiq ror tnv rmopio t

  • NOI H AOPIKH ETINE MAYPH

    (aro.'Ona;q ri6o;le oe nponyollpevo xe g

  • 449 ONM, MIKPOBIA MI ATTA,III

    Dclpc 19.3. Ot reptoxq !6r)eon1 rapafioonKd ralTtepyoripevat e66t dt1 AeprKtlE(row6otty, npfl and tmt dgtln tat xaldrepyetdn rov igepat or etparaiot dnorcot),ye napa6elyyan 2 roJlvepyeuiv ard rd9t neptonl.

    ro ovorohK6 d(po rnq

  • NAI H AOPIKH EI'INE MAYPH

    vopKorrKoU rnq Ar0ronioq roor, rou evoire ri uyeu6opnov

  • 450 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIAAI

    {ow tn yeopyro oger}.6rov 6n oe rdnoto oven

  • NQI H AOPIKH ENNE MAYPH 451

    vdi.oyo rpdTro 0c npdna vo unoqromodpa

  • 452 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    Nrynpiog rinpov

  • NOI H AOPIKH ETINE MAYPH

    on rov r0oyv6)v Ko.L,\rpyo6pevtov l6ov rnq At0roniog rot oiyoupo ttotiyo-yov mn p6pero Atppxrl 'ro xo-l-\repyoriptvo e i6n rnq l6vrpnq Hptoe-Lrivou.

    Or poptupieg ).orndv or onoicq e{

  • 454 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATT.AAI

    To oldpivlov spyo]iov, Krnvorpogioq Kor Ko-l-hspyofpsvov sr6ov srropi-v

  • NAI H AOPIKH ENNE MAYPH

    Tr pnopei vo pog ner n opxoro.troyio oxrrx

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIA^I

    H 6ddc)on r(ov Mlov[ori 3000 [J(. d(l}s 500 pX,

    Enipc 19.4. Kaui npooEyyton 6ta6poy4 mE elhrloong n onola Erpepe optlntig tattylaoo6i) flnanoi, npoepxiyettolg and xordfia (onyaoyetn ye K) crn poptto6unriyawd mg onlqflnlc reptoxig tott Mtaycorj, mitto and mr aluolwrt rat m ydaaAgpxti pe-rali 3000 n.X. rar 500 y.X.

    'Er,lq touq r.Leu'roious alcivsg rr.X., or [poetrorivowrq MnoworJ e{xov f6n

    Et

  • 45?

    ro odpyo (nop

  • ONM, IKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    voFqipolo 8nproupyi0nxov epnoprxiq oxioerq ror rnyopiss ovdpeoo mougX6roov oworig xor roug yeopyotq Mnowori, pe tnv xa0eprd cn6 rq 6fo o-pd6eq vo roro-LopBriver 8rorpopenrd yerrovrx

  • f lNI H AOPIKH ETINE MAYPH

    rrr6oov 0116 rnv Eyyrig Avoroln, or 3' d(o 6ev eixov ox6po e{ontro0ei rdpoond rov florop6 Qrg.

    Au'ri n gotvopsvrxri lerrropipero rng yeroyporgioq rcov tputr,lv eix: rapci-mreq enrrrtriroetq ytc tn onpeptvri no.trrrrKr. Mio ouviueto nrov dn,

  • ON^^. MIKPOEIA KAI ATIMI

    fitvn rloxrtropopgio mov r6opo. Av emorerrr

  • flAT H AOPIKH ETINE MAYPH 461

    Korpoljg n9aowi O Awipog enro'rpciteuoe rr0ooeupdvouq ogprrovu

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    Kar rq

  • NAI H AOPIKH ETINE MAYPH 453

    ernrr.Liov 60r ro sKrpeqdpvq (riro vo 6rooxioouv rnv fle6rd6o Xepeqr

  • KEOAAAIO 2O

    f loror eivor or ldntoveg;

    v

  • f l0 tOt EINAI 0t tAf t0NEr;

    xordrnro rnq rorrol'rKriq y.Loooog Kor dleg rrg

  • Ofl^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    Iplv ond to rii.og tori B' llolxoopiou llolipou, on6te o owoxpciropogXrpoxito eine emtd.Loug mov ronovrx6 lod

  • f lOIOI EINAI OI IAf lANEI;

    .Loydq ov0ponrov xor owrKsrpEvov qvdFoo mnv lonovio xor rnv Kopio Ko-rd rnv fispio6o 300 p.X.-700 p.X. Kqrd rnv rofiomKr ppnvsio onro, rou 6s-6opivou, n Iomono rordxrnoe rnv Kopio Kol Kqr6TIrv igepe xope

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIAAI

    Otov xqr rov rrpoyporrKov oporriTov rou rrops.L06woq. A:v npopnwerorxo-Ld ro piLLov mq ovoro.Lxiq Aoioq ov ouroi or 6rio peyd,\or looi 6ev pro-p6oouv vo ppow rorv6 TIs6(o ouv\.v6nonq. Mro op0ri xctov6non rou flororeivcr npollotx

  • n0r0t EtNAt 0t lAn0NEl;

    oioq op6u6prvn opu

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATI,AAI

    yKporioslq ovdpoo os rof'to ro riooepo lr'6plpa ei6n Foprupl6v sfvol d,rlKo0rfid rnv fipod.Lsuon rov Ionr,lvclv t

  • n0t0t EtNAt 0t tAnaNEr;

    oxrtKd pt rrq oulTivetds rnq, no].f,.oi sr8xoi rn 0eroporiw oq qropovtopsvo

    p6log mq oltoixriq y.Ltooorxriq oxoyiveroq tnq Aoioq, n onoio oncp'ri(a'roron6 roupKxq y).rirooeg, pol"yohxiq yloooeq xor nq T otwyrou(rriq y).rirooagtng ovotoi,rxriq Xrpnpiog. luxy

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    wd-tr-looor ororq].pivouq pe rnv IorIovio. X'rrq oxetrxiq xrve(rxq ex0foerqyro 8r

  • n0l0l EINAI 0 l IAnQNEl i

    opxciouq qv0porlouq, fiold flprv tqupeeouv ro ox

  • 474 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    pivog ritov 6riorotro vc xpnorponom0ofv: np

  • f lOIOI EINAI OI IAI IQNEI;

    qopd nou sKsivog ri sKsivn o-l-\d

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    florg upoonop((owov ro rrpoq ro (nv or dv0ponor T(op6v; Aro0etoutrre nln-0ripo poptuprr,rv on6 to onoppipporo nou dgnoov oe erotowti8eq x rci6eqxrirpouq cpxoro.Loyrxr,rv ovoorogr,rv Kor rpdonouq i.

  • I IOIOI EINAI OI IAf lONEI;

    pouoldEow xopoKrnpro-nKd Bs oogsiq FopgoloyrKS 6rogopdg psroqt rovKoi-Llpyofpsvov sl66v Kor rov dyplr,.rv Trpoyovov rouq snopvoq 6sv.tvto-pi(oups qv rc qu"rd qurd ou-\.\dyowov mn gJon i ro-l-Lrepyoin'rov oxonrpo.Mepxoi xropor rrrionq ixouy u,\rrci pe f3pdrorpo ri xpriorpo ei6n tpu.rov ro o-rtoio 6v sivor owoqun ornv Iqrrovfc xor rrpirrsr vq eixov aroox0ei ol

  • ONM, MIKPOBTA KAI ATIMI

    rrdpouq svorqrrriporos, rous ofloiouq prroporioov vo ppioKouv ol T

  • n0l0l EINAI 0l lAnnNEIi

    erroxaq, Ksivo fiou qogvrdEr o oxion p rnv Iofiovio rov T(op6v 6ev eivordtr rmfipxe xdnoro enotpi pt tov i{o roopo, o}-}.d otr owi eixe trioo puxprieui6poon mnv xorvrDvfq rrov

    'f(opdv. H lonrovfq rrov T(opdv itov tvoq ou-r''rnpnnr6q ;lxp6xoopog, o onoioq 6rornpnoe rnv onop6vtooi Tou Kol rTpoy-potonofnoe erntrnrtrr

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    psyd.tro xpovlKd 6r

  • fl0t0t EtNAt 0t tAnaNEri

    flop6tr to priQ rirov to onou6or6rrpo r

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    apKerof orovq pixpl vc rpgoviol n lqrrov(q rov noyrdr rq [p6ro onpdSrqKorvovxrlg 8rompopdtoong, 6rroq ouri owovortr

  • n0r0r ErNAr 0t tAnaNEI;

    rorrovrKd Kor KopsorrKd xpovrKd. Or Tspdortq KopsqTlKfq sfirppoiq qrnv Io-no!'1o KoTd Tn blopKflo Tnq t ffoxnq ttov Koqouv .riTr pfo(n KopfolrKjiq Ko-TdKTnonq rnq Iorrovioq (n rcoprotrxri dnoryn) eire pioo rorrovrKriq xqrdrrn-ong rnq Kopioq (n ronovrxn

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATI,AAI

    npdtrn 0sopio, unomnpi

  • f lOIOI EINAI OI IAI ]ANEI;

    TIlv oKdTovov rouq KL.vnyotq i1oug er6it:rov ono oosq yofsq rirov Kord-l-Ln-treg po yearpyio. Ko'rd roug vdrpouq xpdvouq or uporroior yopyor owrKq-riornoov ps 01116 rov rpdno roug lv6rdvouq KuynyoJq rnq 6wlKiq BdpsroqApeprruiq, rouq Al3opiyrvsq rnq Aumpc.l.iog Kor rouq -troofq Iov rng NdrtogAgprxrig. flopotrroiclq Kqrd rnv rrpoioroptKri srroxt, yrcopyof lou xpnotpolor-otjoqv -LiOrvo apyo-Leio or,'uxoriornoov rouq ruvnyoriq o d-trn rnv Euporrn,tn votroovoroi.rrri Aoio rot rnv Iv8ovnoiq. Ia orlyrpron pe ro n:proproptvonleovtrrnpo nou ono,\opBorov or ytopyol rvcr!"rl rt,lv xurmyclv or ror rq uSnpoiaroprKdq neprrrrctoetg qdfii.oonq, or xopedreg ysopyoi rof 400 n.X. 0oofioldppqvov 6vo reprimro fi.LovKrnFq ivqr,.rr rov rwnyt'rv T(op6v, 6rdrror Kopsdreq fi6n r

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIAAI

    T(opriv on6pn pu

  • n0tot EtNAt 0t lAnnNEr;

    vo ovoEnrouv d.LLsq sppnvies. Av np

  • ONM, MIKPOEIA KAI ATIMI

    (r,lv.'Onoq ixouv euronp

  • EntA0r0r

    TO MEAAON THEANOPQNINHE IETOPIAE

    QE ENIETHMHEr t t

  • En tA0 r0I

    To p6fl f lov 14g ovOprirnrvnqroropiog og enror{pqg

    o ep

  • ON^A, MIKPOEIA KAI ATTMI

    Kwnyoi-rpogoouMixre g pe rnv ontrorimepn texvo).opo tou o(ryxpovou x6-opou eire iyrvov xorooreuomig 6rr,lpriyrov Oroxerpr(

  • (mo po0p
  • ON^A, MIKPOEIA KAI ATTMI

    urooirnon -Kor Feyoli-rpn rrion vo uroesrnoo{'v Kor vo 6lornpn0ofv orKorvoropiq, 6r

  • 495

    nrripou yyov6s TIou Kq0lmd Tn ouwopio Kol Tnv ofi).oUorsuon ovqTrogu-Krq. Omdoo, n oqrrrieon ixer ivo owono6otrx6 6ge.Log: or pcxpooxomriqoqr

  • 495 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    Kor rnv Aumpo-Llo, ipvov nproron6por ornv rexvo-\oyro ror rotimnoov no--Lrtrxri xor orKovoprKd Kupiopxsq mov oi\xpovo x6opo; Av r

  • 49?

    BoBulc6voq, tr,rv Xarroiov, rng Aooupfoq xor rnq llepoiog. Ma rnv KoroKrn-on on6 rouq 'Ellnveq un

  • 498 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    lopni oworrono ----orxorrovio. H roxrig petorom(dtov npog 'ro 6trrx

  • B
  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATI,AAI

    rous sKorowd8ss nyp6vsg rns Euponnq vo -rov sfilxopnyfosl. Arroq .Lolrr6vKql n Tonovio Eonfluor rov suporTolKd onorKlopd Tov opsprKo!'rKrDv nnri-pov, dl-Lo uporrqikri xp

  • rrns sivol vo Korovoior Kovsiq rn xpdvlq v6rnrq rnq Kivqq Kol rn xp6vlo6ro(peon rnq Eupdrrnq. H onclwnon xor l
  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    ond0asq ofiogooropivc)v KorcKTnrov, dnr,lq tou Koplopdlwou, tou Nono-.L6owa ror rou Xit-Lep ax6pn xor n Popoirn Amoxpctopio fio onoKopugcl-po mq 8fvcpiq tnq ou6ino're i0eoe tm6 tov i.Ltyx

  • -goo *r,6t*p;

    Sjyrpton tat arcoypayydv mg KfuaC Kar mg Eupdnnc am, i6n rlipara. Enpetattov6n n arcoypappi mE EupritmE efuat noli wo 6awelati rnt reptlaypdvet reptoodre-pq peydTeg xepoo,triooug rn 66o peydAa wwui.

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIA I

    piog. Or neprpoMowxoi nop

  • Trou avoKoTolKrionKov ri Kuppvo}"rol on6 Touq uTIpTI6wrouS }rrovomqrov 6fo sKsivov Kiwpov Kor rov rlny6vov rouq (HIIA, Aumpctrio, Bpo(r-i.io). Or npoorrnxiq yro trlo nolxdopro rupropxio tnq Ynooo-x
  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    yorr6q ro orloio oSiynoe

  • 507

    cvorrdwnro pornpo. fio tnv xoi.urepn npooiypon rou epouipotoq oworinpina vo mpiryoupe rnv npoooxri FoS fio Foripa rnq rorop(oq rrou rropo-pivow or6po o6reurpivroro, otpori rrponyoupivoq lng0ow rm

  • ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    Kpoxp6vro sprrsrpio rtov soorprKov 6repyoorrirv tnq no.Lrtrrdg on6 npr,itoxipr: uTo ipyo rou no-Lrtrxof

  • civOpr,rnoryro rnv enrotdpn ouxv
  • 510 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIAAI

    To onpowrx6repo epr,rrriporo o

  • 5 1 1

    Tnro rov oumnpdTov onpoivsr, TrpoKTlKd, 6n n werepprvrmrxti orrr6tnrq6av petogpd(ator oe npop.Lerprp6tnro. H yv6on rnq xpowopnxovrrriq 6evponOd mnv xotov6non pori ro n).oxouwog6po opnoxtrx

  • s12 ONM, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    0r 8uoxo.Lieq -Lon6v nou owrpetroni(ouv or rmoprxoi po vo ono6ei{ow ox6-oerq otdog xor ono're.Liopotoq mnv rmopio tr,rv ov0promvrov rorvorrt.rv por-

  • 5 1 3

    mrq ov0p6irnves Korvoviq, oL"yxpivowoq rrpdoqorous nln0uopofg rnq flo-Lwnoioq or onoior (ow oe vnord nou 6rorpdpow rpuou

  • 514 ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    rn rov 6rvoooripov -Kor Fs rip6oq po tn 6xri poq xotvrovic oripapo, 6r6ri-

    orow

  • ENIMETPO TOY 2003

    To'0nfla, ptxp6pto xot ato6frt otipepo

    o $r$Iio 'Orla, yrcpopta xar atodll: npoyltorxietot to ytoti n

  • 516 ONAA, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    -Lrov 6nLrov, prxpopirov xor oroo.Lrorj. Or y).r,looeg xor to yovi8ro tov xotoirovoutciv, xo0og rorTo errpeg6pevo (r,ro touq, ot xol-Lrpyetiq touq, or rsxvo-troyieq rouq xcr ro ouoriporo ypogrig xuprcipxroov orov opxoio rqr rov vtd-'reoo x6ouo.

    Or ovoxo).riEerq tnq 'reLewoioq newoedog ond opxorotr6youq, yrvsrrorq,y.Lr,roootr

  • 517

    wi0son ps ro qurd rnq Eupoo(oq, nop6poto

  • 518 ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATTMI

    our6 I'ro vo {ar

  • ENIMETPO 519

    o 50 xp6no xpnotporloinos ro vio rnq nupop6tro

  • ON^A, MIKPOBIA KAI ATIMI

    rnq rou6oloxprmrcvrniq nopd8o